第一篇：高中英语教案(人教版必修3)
高中英语教案（人教版必修3）
Unit 1 Festivals around the world，(单元教学目标 技能目标Goals ? Talk about festivals and celebrations ? Talk about the ways to express request and thanks ? Learn to use Modal verbs ? Write a similar story with a different ending II(目标语言
Talk about festivals: *Festivals are meant to celebrate important events.功 *What?s your favorite holiday of the year? 能
*What festivals or celebrations do you enjoy in your city or town? 句
*Do you like spending festivals with your family or with your friends? 式
*What part of a festival do you like best——the music, the things to see, the visit or the food? *Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere.*They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.*Some festivals are held to honor the dead or satisfy and please the ancestors.*Festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or the gods.*The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.*Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.Request: Could/Would you please...? Could I have...? Could we look at...? I look forward to....May I see...? Thanks It?s very kind of you...Thank you very much/Thanks a lot.I?d love to.It was a pleasure...Don?t mention it.You are most welcome.1.四会词汇
starve, plenty, satisfy, ancestor, lamp, lead, feast, bone, origin, trick, poet, arrival, national, gain, independence, gather, agricultural, European, custom, award, award, watermelon, handsome, rooster, admire, energetic, forward, Easter, clothing, religious, social, Christian, daily, permission, possibility, 词
fool, apologize, drown, sadness, obvious, wipe, lovely, couple, weep, announcer, forgive 汇 2.认读词汇
Obon, incense, skull, Halloween, carnival, lunar, parade, Jesus, cherry, blossom, Trinidad, Valentine, weave, herd, the Milky Way, magpie 3.固定词组
take place, in memory of, dress up, play a trick, look forward to, day and night, as though, have fun with, turn up, keep one?s word, hold one?s breath 4.重点词汇
starve, satisfy, lead, gather, admire, apologize, drown, wipe, weep, forgive Modal verbs: may/ might, can/ could, will/ would, shall/should, must/ can ? They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.P1 语
? Some festivals are held to honor the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.P2 法 ? Festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or the gods.1.Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and one that people do at that time.P1 2.They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.P1 重
3.Some festivals are held to honor the dead, or satisfy and please the 点
ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.P2 句 4.They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the 子
ancestors to earth.P2 5.The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead.P2 6.The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.P2 7.They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colorful clothing of all kinds.P2 8.The teacher said that we could not leave early.(permission)P5 9.The hunters are lost.They could starve.(possibility)P5 10.It was Valentine?s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work.P7 11.She said she would be there at seven o?clock, and he thought she would keep her word.P7 12.“I don?t want them to remind me of her.” So he did.P7 III.教材分析与教材重组 1.教材分析
本单元以节日为话题，介绍古今中外节日的种类、由来、意义以及人们的活 动和习俗，旨在通过本单元的学习使学生不但了解我国的节日，而且对外国的节
日也有所了解，进而拓展社会文化背景、增加跨国文化知识;使学生复习和巩固
运用请求和感谢的表达法，掌握情态动词的用法;并尝试根据阅读的文章写一个不同的结局，能表达自己的观点和想法。
1.1 Warming Up 旨在通过表格引导学生讨论并列举出五个我国节日的日期、庆祝内容和民俗。可以刚刚过去的春节为话题导入对节日的讨论;使他们由自己的经历谈起，扩展到别的节日以及外国的重要节日，激发学生的兴趣，激活他们关于节日的背景知识，为本单元的学习做准备。
1.2 Pre-reading是Reading 的热身活动。主要通过两个问题引导学生思考并讨论自己最喜欢的节日及欢度方式，进而了解学生对节日的认识，以便为阅读作好铺垫。
1.3 Reading 的五篇小短文分别介绍古代节日、亡灵节、纪念名人的节日、丰收节、春天的节日等，使学生了解各种节日的由来及其存在的意义。此部分载有Festivals的重要信息，还呈现了大量的词汇和主要的语法---情态动词的用法。处理时应作为重点、整体处理，通过上下文来教词汇、语法，并引导学生分析长句、难句和复杂句。
1.4 Comprehending是考察对阅读内容的进一步理解。
练习一:六个问题让学生对文章内容有浅层理解并考察课文细节，但又不能仅仅拘泥于课文，要引导学生理解课文内容的基础上联系现实生活。
练习二:要求学生讨论哪些节日是最重要的，哪些是最有趣的，以表格的形式检查学生对所读节日的理解，并训练他们举一反三的归纳和推理能力。
练习三:要求学生找出各种节日共有的三件事，然后讨论为什么这些事对各地的人们都很重要。这就要求学生不仅要温习文章内容而且要结合实际，阐述自己的想法，挖掘学生的思维能力和语言表达能力。
1.5 Learning about Language 分词汇和语法两部分。其中Discovering useful words and expressions是本单元单词的英文释义练习和用文章中的词汇的适当形式填空;Discovering useful structures 是以文章内容为载体在语境中练习语法，掌握情态动词。由此可以看出本教材已明显地由结构为特征的传统语法训练转变到以交际功能为特征的功能语法训练，充分体现了新教材话题、功能、结构相结合的特点。
1.6 Using Language 是英语听说读写的全面运用的练习。
1.6 ? Listening 是课文的延伸，通过听几位学生参加Trinidad Carnival 节日游行的两段对话，使学生体会参加节日游行的真实情景，既训练听力一通过问题训练了他们的分析能力。
1.6 ? Speaking 分为两部分。第一部分通过电话突出交际用语功能的训练;第一部分让学生编对话，可以按自己的想象、经历为内容，训练思维和表达能力。
1.6 ? Reading 是发生在情人节的一个令人伤心的爱情故事，其中又插入了一个“七巧节”的故事。阅读后的讨论不仅帮助学生理解文章主旨大意，更重要的是让学生学会寻求解决问题的方法。
1.6 ? Writing 的任务是写一个与文章结尾不同的结局。旨在让学生通过思考写出自己的想法，尝试自己解决问题。
总之，通过本单元的系统学习，让学生了解世界各国的节日及民俗，学习有关节日的词汇，并能够丰富语言知识，提升用英语表达观点的能力。
2.教材重组
2.1 口语 从话题内容和功能上分析Warming Up 与Workbook中的Listening和Talking相一致，旨在启发学生讨论、思考并引出本单元关于节日的话题，可以整和成一节任务型“口语课”。
2.2精读 可将Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending三个活动整和成一节“阅读课”。
2.3语言学习将Learning about Language与Workbook中的Using words && expressions Using structures结合在一起，上一节“语言学习课”。2.4听力 可将Using language中的 Listening与Workbook中 Listening和Listening task放在同一节课中处理，上一堂 “听力课”。(Using language中的 Speaking可视听力时间而定，可课上处理亦可留做课下作业下堂课提问。)2.5.泛读 可将Using Language中的Reading &&Writing和Workbook中的Reading Task上成一节 “泛读课”。
2.6 复习、写作 可将Workbook中的Speaking Task 和Writing Task 上成一节复习写作课。(Workbook中的Project && checking yourself, 可视学生水平安排在本堂课或留做作业。)3.课型设计与课时分配(经分析教材, 本单元可以用六课时教完。)1st period Speaking 2nd period Reading 3rd period Learning about Language 4th period Listening 5th period Extensive Reading 6th period Writing && Consolidation IV.分课时教案
The First Period Speaking Teaching goals 教学目标 1.Target language 目标语言 a.重点词汇和短语
take place, lunar, festivals, Army Day, Christmas, dress up b.交际用语
Express one?s opinion: In my opinion,...I believe...I think that...Expressions used in the shops: Would you like...? Could I have...? Might I offer help...? May I see...? You should try...? Could we look at...? Can you suggest...? We might take...? 2.能力目标
Enable the students to talk about Chinese festivals and customs in English and get to know some information about foreign festivals.3.学能目标
Enable the students to learn how to talk about Chinese festivals and customs.Teaching important points 教学重点及难点
How to talk about the Chinese festivals and social customs at festivals and how to offer and request the items you need in shops.Teaching methods 教学方法
Elicitation, discussion, listening, pair work.Teaching aid 教具准备
A computer, a projector and a tape recorder Teaching procedures && ways 教学过程与方法 Step I Leading in T: Hello, everybody!Welcome back to school!Did you have a good time in your winter holidays? Ss: Yes.Of course!T: When did you feel most happy and excited? Ss: At the Spring Festival.T: Who can tell us why? Volunteers!S1: Because it?s the most important festival in our country.S2: Because I got much lucky money from my parents, grandparents and my relatives.S3: Because I needn?t study at festivals and there was lots of delicious food to eat.How great!S4: Because I met my cousins and old friends who I hadn?t seen for a long time and we had a very good time together.T: Excellent work!I am glad to hear that.Now let?s talk about FESTIVALS, which are meant to celebrate important events.Please think about other Chinese festivals.S1: New Year(January 1st), Yuan Xiao Festival(15 days after the Spring Festival).T: Quite right.That?s the Lantern Festival.It?s the 15th day of the first lunar month.What do you usually do on the Lantern Festival? S2: We eat special sweet dumplings called Yuan Xiao and enjoy displayed lanterns.S3: And we enjoy beautiful fireworks, too.T: You have done a good job.What are the other festivals? S4: International Women?s Day.It was on March 8.S5: Arbor Day on March 12th.S6: International Labor Day and Chinese Youth Day.S7: International Children?s Day.T: Yes.Very good.Next one? S8: Army Day is on August 1st and Teachers? Day is on September 10th.S9: National Day on October 1st.T: Excellent work!Those are all the legal holidays in our country.Do you know our traditional festivals? List some of them, please.Sa: The most important one is the Spring Festival.T: Yes.It?s also called Lunar New Year.Anything else? Sb: Qingming Festival in memory of the dead or the heroes on April the fifth.T: It?s called Tomb Sweeping Festival.Another one? Sc: Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in memory of the great poet — Qu Yuan.Sd: Mid-Autumn Festival on the fifth day of the eighth lunar month.T: You?ve done a good job, boys and girls!You have named many festivals.I?m proud of you for you are so well-informed.Step II Warming up T: Look at the screen and I?ll show you a table and some pictures: Festivals Date Festivals Date New Year January 1st Teachers? Day September 10th International March 8 National Day October 1st Women?s Day Arbor Day March 12th the Spring Lunar New Year Festival International Labor May 1st Pure Brightness April the fifth Day Day Chinese Youth Day May 4th.Dragon Boat the fifth day of the Festival fifth lunar month International June 1st Mid-Autumn the 5th day of the Children?s Festival 8th lunar month Day Army Day August 1st Lantern the 15 day of the Festival 1st lunar month
T: What can you get from the table and the pictures? Ss: Chinese festivals.T: Open your books and turn to page one.Work in pairs and discuss another four Chinese festivals: what people celebrate and what people do.The first one is given to you as an example.Three minutes for free talk, then ask some students to share their opinions with the whole class.Suggested answers: Festivals Date What does it What do people do? celebrate? the Spring Festival The 1st day of the The coming of Visit relatives;have 1st Lunar month spring a big meal;display Spring Festival couplets and pictures International May 1st The hard-working Taking a week off Labor Day people all over the work;visit scenic world spots;go shopping Lantern Festival the fifteenth The first full moon Eat special sweet day of the first after Lunar New dumplings-yuanxiao lunar month Year enjoy lanterns& fireworks The Dragon the 5th day of the in memory of Qu Dragon boat racing, Boat Festival 5th lunar month Yuan, a great poet eating zongzi and drinking realgar wine;put herbs on doorways for good health Do not expect all students have the same answers, and accept any correct information.T: Ok!We have got lots of information about Chinese festivals.Would you like to know something about foreign festivals? Ss: Yes!T: What?s the most important festival in western countries? Ss: Christmas!T: That?s right!Please look at the pictures and talk about them.2 3 5 6 S1: The first one is about April Fools day on April 1st.But I know nothing about the second picture.S2: I have no idea, either.There are some round objects.What are they? T: They are the Easter eggs(复活节彩蛋).On Easter Day people like to dye and exchange eggs.Easter Day comes on the Sunday on or after March 21st.People think Jesus Christ(耶稣)comes back to life on that day.Many people go to church and children often get presents.How about the third one? Ss: Halloween!Children like to play a game “trick or treat”(不请吃就捣蛋).T: Yes!Halloween is a time to have fun.It comes on October 31st.It?s one of the most favorite holidays for children.Parties are very popular, too.People wear scary clothes and masks(面具), for example, dress up like a witch(巫婆).Next one? S3: A plate of chicken and some delicious food.But I don?t know what it is called.T: The food is turkey(火鸡), corn(玉米)and pumpkin pies(南瓜派).Thanksgiving Day is a traditional American festival on the fourth Thursday in November when families get together and have a big dinner.How about the fifth picture? Ss: There are roses and heart in it.May be it?s about love.Ss: I see.It is on February 14th.But I don?t know its English name.T: It?s Valentine?s Day.Candy, flowers and other gifts are exchanged between lovers or couples on this day, in honor of two martyrs, both named St.Valentine.Do you know something about the last picture? S4: The flowers are beautiful.What?s the name of the festival? T: It?s Cherry Blossom Festival, a Japanese festival.Every April when the cherry flowers come out, Japanese people celebrate it.They go out with their friends or families.They sit under the trees, sing and have a picnic.Ok.That?s about some foreign festivals.Step III Listening(WB P41)T: Now, we will come to the listening part.First, turn to Page 41.And then listen to the tape.Look at the first picture in this page.What can you see? S5: A rabbit and a chicken.T: Yes.But the rabbit is called the Easter Bunny.Read after me “the Easter Bunny”.It is an imaginary rabbit that children believe comes to the home to hide the Easter eggs(复活节彩蛋).And the second picture is about the Easter eggs.What?s in the third picture? S6: Some bread.T: Yes.The bread with an X is called hot cross buns.On Easter Day people eat it.Now listen to the tape and try to get the main idea.Play the tape for the students.While listening, the students should grasp the key words and get the main idea.Then play the tape once more.After listening, let the students answer the questions.And check the answers with the whole class.Then sum up the useful expressions in the material(about Easter Day).Then play the tape a third time for them to write down the main idea of the passage.Then check the answers with the whole class.The suggested answers are in the Teachers? Book Page 18.Step IV Talking(WB P41)T: Now we?ll make up a dialogue: suppose that Spring Festival is coming, and you are to do some shopping for it, work in pairs one as the customer and the other as the shopkeeper.First, look through the useful expressions given on this page.Then I will ask some of you to present your dialogue publicly.Teachers show the useful expressions on the screen.You can give a model or not.It?s up to the English level of your students.2minutes later ask several students to talk.Sa: May I help you? Sb: Yes.I?d like to buy something for Spring Festival.Sa: May I suggest your buying some vegetables and fruit, which are very fresh.At Festivals you?d better not have too much fat.Sb: Thanks for your advice.I?ll take two kilos cabbage, three kilos bananas and some nuts.Sa: Would you like some flowers to decorate you house? Sb: No, thanks.May I see some candy? I will buy some for my nephew.Sa: This way, please.We have all kinds of candy here.Would you like some chocolate? Sb: Yes, let me see.We might take this kind and that one over there.Sa: Anything else? Sb: No.That?s what I need.Sa: Many thanks for your coming!May you have a happy Spring Festival![The sample dialogue is in the Teachers? Book Page 18.] Step V Assignment 1.Consolidation T: Boys and girls you did very well today.We have talked about many festivals around the world.I hope you can listen to the listening material again after class to be familiar with it.2.Homework Collect as much information about festivals as possible.Think about the questions in Part 2 “pre-reading” and then preview the next part about reading to get the main idea.Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank-Note，(单元教学目标 技能目标Skill Goals Talk about short stories and dramas.Learn how to act out a play.Learn how to request and order food.Learn Noun clauses as the object and predicative.Write a play or drama.II(目标语言 Request(请求)Would you please come in? 功
Would you mind waiting just a few minutes? 能 May I ask you how much money you have? 句 — Well, to be honest, I have none.式 Could you offer me some kind of work? I wonder, Mr.Adams, if you mind us asking a few questions? — Go right ahead.Ordering food(点餐)I?d like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak.I?ll have a nice long glass of beer.1.四会词汇
bet, scene, tale, servant, permit, bay, stare, spot, passage, account, appearance, patience, silly, jealous, unbelievable, steak, tiny, wolf, dessert, rude, manner, scream, shoulder, rag, indeed, bow, decade, pilot, humour, novel, character, director, barber 词2.认读词汇
narrator, incredible, Roderick, Oliver, nightfall, unpaid, charity, willingness, simply, Clemens, issue, fake, boyhood, Hannibal, Missouri, Mississippi, fathom, contest, Yale, 汇
loneliness, playwright, script 3.固定词组
make a bet, go ahead, by accident, account for, to be honest, in rags, even if, get into trouble 4.重点词汇
bet, make a bet, permit, go ahead, by accident, stare, account for, to be honest, jealous, in rags, indeed, even if, get into trouble Noun clauses as the object(宾语从句)I can?t say that I have any plans....and he does not know what he should do.语
I did not know whether I could survive until morning.法 Noun clauses as the predicative(表语从句)That?s why we?ve given you the letter.1.Have you ever made a bet with a friend? If so, what did you bet on? 2.He is lost in London.3.Permit me to lead the way, sir.4.As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.重 5.His eyes stare at what is left of the brothers? dinner on the table.点
6.I wonder, Mr Adams, if you?d mind us asking a few questions.句 7.I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my 子
appearance.8.Well, we will have to take a chance.9.(in a rude manner)What?s there to wait for? 10.He?s in rags!Period 1 warming up & reading(1)Teaching goals 1.Target language a.重点词汇和短语
bet, make a bet, permit, go ahead, by accident, stare, account for, to be honest, jealous b.交际用语
Expressions on request: Would you step inside a moment, please? Would you please come in? May we ask what you?re doing in this country and what your plans are? Well, why don?t you explain what this is all about? c.重点句型
1)Have you ever made a bet with a friend? If so, what did you bet on? 2)He is lost in London.3)Permit me to lead the way, sir.4)As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident.5)His eyes stare at what is left of the brothers? dinner on the table.6)I wonder, Mr Adams, if you?d mind us asking a few questions.7)I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance.2.Ability goals a.Enable students to read and hear natural language in a dramatic context and increase their self-confidence in using English, which will increase their overall motivation to learn English.b.Enable students to sum up the main idea of ACT ONE Scene 3.c.Enable students to understand the details about the whole scene.d.Retell the scene using the key words of the whole scene.e.Express their opinions by answering the following questions: 1)Do you think money is everything? Why? 2)Do you agree that only money can bring people happiness? 3.Learning ability goals a.Help students to understand natural language in the dramatic context and increase their self-confidence in using English.b.Help students to sum up the main idea of ACT ONE Scene3.c.Help students to understand the details of the whole scene.d.Get students to retell the whole scene.e.Help them to answer the following questions: 1)Do you think money is everything? 2)Do you agree that only money can bring people happiness? Teaching important points a.How to interpret language through tone of voice and body language, gaining a greater appreciation of the various verbal and non-verbal ways in which language works.b.Discuss the questions: 1)Do you think money is everything? 2)Do you agree that only money can bring people happiness? Teaching difficult points Discuss the questions: 1)Do you think money is everything? 2)Do you agree that only money can bring people happiness? Teaching methods Elicitation, discussion, listening, reading and pair work.Teaching aids A computer Teaching procedures Step 1 lead in 1.Discuss in pairs Do you like money? why ? Is money everything? Show the sentences to the Ss.Money can buy a house but not a home.Money can buy a bed but not sleep.Money can buy a clock but not time.Money can buy a book but not knowledge.Money can buy medicine but not health.You see, money is not everything.2.Suppose you get a large amount of money by buying lottery tickets(彩票)and become a millionaire(百万富翁).What will you do with the money? Step 2 warming up Mark Twain is probably one of the few American writers.?a great American writer ? a famous speaker ? liked to tell funny stories ? liked to play jokes on his friends Do you know about his masterpieces? What do you know about Mark Twain? Do you know any of his works? Read the short passage quickly and fill in the chart.Real name Meaning of his pen name Birth date Birthplace Place where he grew up His famous stories Then give an introduction of Mark Twain(1835—1910): The greatest humorist of the 19th century American literature.Novels: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(1876)(汤姆?索亚历险记)The Prince and the Pauper(1882)(皇子与贫儿)The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1894)(哈克贝利?费恩历险记)Step 3 Pre-reading 1.First, give students a brief introduction of the story Two rich gentlemen made a bet on what would happen to a person if he was given a million pound note.Henry, the hero of the story, an American young man, sailed too far, drifted out to the ocean.A British ship, for London, passing by, fortunately saved him.2.Prediction : What would happen to Henry? Step 4 Reading 1.Scan the passage and find out : 1.How many characters are there in this scene? Who are they? 2.When and where does the story take place? 3.What do the two old men give Henry? 4.What does the brothers choose Henry for? 2.Skimming: answer the following questions: 1)What happens one day when Henry was walking down the street? 2)Where does Henry come from? 3)What did he do in America? 4)Why does he come to London and how? 5)Why does he stare at the food on the table when he is talking with the men? 6)What did Henry do before coming to London? 7)How much money does he own? 8)When can Henry open the letter the men give him? 9)What?s inside the letter? 10)Does Henry accept the letter? 3.Put the following events in correct order.(1)Henry wandered in London streets.(2)About a month ago Henry Adams was sailing out of the bay.(3)The next morning he was spotted by a ship.(4)Towards nightfall he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind.(5)On the ship he earned his passage by working as an unpaid hand.Keys:(2)About a month ago Henry Adams was sailing out of the bay.(4)Towards nightfall he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind.(3)The next morning he was spotted by a ship.(5)On the ship he earned his passage by working as an unpaid hand.(1)Henry wandered in London streets.Step5 post-reading 1.What kind of persons you think the characters are?(Henry Adams, Oliver Roderick)Henry : independent(he earns his passage by working on a ship to England), careless(he arrived in England by accident after not sailing his boat well), honest(he asks for work not charity, he tells the truth to the brothers.)hard-working.Oliver and Roderick : rich(servants and not worrying about giving a stranger a million pound bank-note), mischievous(prepared to bet one million pounds just for a bit of fun), good judges of character(they see Henry is honest and proud)2.What do you think will happen to Henry? , Will the bank-note help him or get him into trouble? , Give a possible development to the story.Homework: P20Ex1.3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 教材分析和教材重组
教本单元的主要内容是边缘科学、地球生命的起源，万有引力、黑洞和太空旅行等天文
材学知识。通过本单元的学习，培养学生对科学的兴趣，激发学生探究科学的热情。
分1.Warming Up部分共有三组问题，第一组问题引导学生讨论边缘科学(Frontier 析 Science)，即以两种或多种学科为基础而发展起来的科学。例如，生物化学是以生物学
和化学为基础的边缘科学。第二组问题探讨科学研究的方法。第三组问题让学生思考
要成为真正的科学家所必须掌握的技能。
2.Pre-reading部分主要让学生弄清楚什么是科学思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化传统。
学生总喜欢听故事或讲故事，在探讨生命的起源的科学道理之前，让学生交流一下有
关宇宙的起源的种种传说，既有趣味性，又能调动学生的相关知识，激活学生的思维。
3.Reading部分讲述了地球上生命的起源。水的形成使得地球有别与其他星球，它使得
地球上生命的诞生成为可能。科学家认为，地球上的生命首先诞生于水中，上百万年
后，陆地上才长出绿色植物，随后出现了陆栖动物和水陆两栖动物。最初的动物靠孵
化繁衍后代，后来出现了哺乳动物，人类也随之诞生了。文章最后讲述的现象发人深
省:The earth may become too hot for the lives on it.它关系到地球上生命的未来。4.Comprehending部分通过四个选择填空题检测学生对本文核心问题的理解:地球上生命的起源和延续需要哪些条件?随后通过排序的方式帮助学生弄清本文的行文线索，也就是地球上生命的起源和发展历程。最后提出两个问题，考查学生的深层理解和推断能力。5.Learning about Language部分首先通过英文解释帮助理解课文中的生词，然后，通过短文填空、词语分类等形式将这些词语用于一个相关的情境中。语法部分也是采用先发现后应用的学习方法。先通过到课文中找句子，让学生认识主语从句，然后，设置一个用手机发短信息的情境，让学生进行简单句与主语从句之间的转换练习。最后设置情境来复习第三单元出现的表语从句。
6.Using Language部分综合训练听说读写的能力。听力部分的内容介绍三位科学巨匠，不仅通过听力填表的形式训练学生捕捉细节的能力，还通过四选一的形式帮助学生找主题思想。在解释对与错的过程中，教师可以适当地介绍一下概括主题的方法。阅读部分是一个科幻小故事，通过“我”和“我的朋友”乘宇宙飞船登月球的经历，介绍了重量、失重和地球引力等科学道理。说和写部分以Visiting the moon为话题，要求学生讨论登月球需要携带的物品和在月球上可能遇到的困难，并要求学生找出克服这些困难的方法。教师可以根据课本上的提示，向学生介绍“先分述后总结”的写作方法。提出问题的解决方案时，要求学生选用适当的“指示”用语。
教1.将Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading与Comprehending整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。
材2.将Learning about Language和Workbook的using words and expressions及using 重structures整合在一起上一节“语言学习课”。
组 3.将Using Language设计为一节包括听说读写在内的“综合技能课(一)”。4.将Workbook的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING结合在一起上一节“听说
课”。5.将Workbook的LISTENING TASK，READING AND WRITING TASK和SPEAKING TASK设计为一节“综合技能课(二)”。
st课1 Period Reading nd2时 Period Language study rd3分 Period Integrating skills(?)th配 4 Period Listening and Speaking th5 Period Integrating skills(?)Part 1: Teaching Design(第一部分:教学设计)Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading(HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH)Aims To develop the students? reading ability To learn something about astronomy Procedures I.Warming up by learning vocabulary Good morning, class!Today, w are going to take Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars.Before we read the text, let?s turn to page 99 and get familiarized with the vocabulary first.Pay attention to the making of the word.Study the prefixes, roots and suffixes in the words.Astronaut Yang Liwei II.Pre-reading 1.Looking and saying Have you ever wondered how the universe began? Well I'm sure you may have many answers to this question, but I have one that perhaps, you may not have heard of yet.I will be giving you my theory on this subject.Now look at the screen and listen to me telling you something exciting.科学家透露:宇宙可能有两个
我们的宇宙和一个“隐藏的”宇宙共同“镶嵌”在“五维空间”中。在我们的宇宙早期，这两个
宇宙发生了一次相撞事故，相撞产生的能量生成了我们宇宙中的物质和能量。2.Talking and sharing Do you know how the universe began? In the 1920s in California, astronomer Edwin Hubble observed distant galaxies using an extremely powerful telescope.He made two mind-boggling(unbelievable)discoveries.First, Hubble figured out that the Milky Way isn?t the only galaxy.He realized that faint, cloud-like objects in the night sky are actually other galaxies far, far away.The Milky Way is just one of billions of galaxies.Second, Hubble discovered that the galaxies are constantly moving away from each other.In other words, the universe is expanding.The biggest thing that we know about is getting bigger all the time.A few years later, Belgian astronomer Georges Lemaître used Hubble„s amazing discoveries to suggest an answer to a big astronomy question: “How did the universe begin?”
III.Reading
1.Listening and reading aloud Now please listen to the recording and then read the text aloud.Pay attention to how the native speaker is reading along and where the pauses are within each sentence.I will play the tape twice and you shall read aloud twice, too.2.Reading and underlining Next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage.Copy them into your notebook after class as homework.Collocations from HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH a cloud of energetic dust具有能量的尘埃, combine into„合成„„, move around the sun环绕
太阳运转, become violent变得激烈, the solid surface固体表面, explode loudly猛烈爆炸, in time及时，最终, produce the water vapor产生水蒸汽, make the earth?s atmosphere构成了地球 的大气层, cool down冷却, on the surface在表面, be different from„与„„不同, go round the sun环绕太阳运转, disappear from„从„„消失, stay on„存留在„„, show one?s quality显现
某人的特性, dissolve harmful gases分解，溶解有害气体, become part of„变成„„的一部分, develop life发展生命, grow in the water在水里生长, fill„ with„用„„来填充„„，充满
了„„, encourage the development of„鼓励„„的发展, millions of years later几万年以后, live on land在陆地上生活, live in the sea在海里生存, grow into forests长成森林, produce young生出幼仔, lay eggs下蛋, animals with hands and feet长着手脚的动物, spread all over the earth遍布全世界, develop new methods发展了新的方法, grow food种植, move around迁徙, go by过去，推移, take care of„在意„„，照看好„„, put„into„把„„带入，放入„„，prevent„from„防止„„做„„, escape from„ into„从„„逃离到„„, become hot变热, depend on„.依靠，依赖，取决与„„, solve a problem解决一个问题 3.Reading and understanding difficult sentences Skim the text and identify the difficult sentences of each paragraph.You may put your hand up if you have any questions.4.Reading and transferring information Read the text again to complete the table below, HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH What was the earth like after the “Big Bang”?
Why was the earth different? How was life developed on earth? What did small clever animals do? 5.Reading and translating As you have read the text times, you can surely put it into Chinese.Wang Hongqin, will you be the first to have a try, of putting the first paragraph into Chinese.IV.Closing down Closing down by doing exercises To end the lesson you are to do the comprehending exercises 2 and 3 on pages 26 and 27.Closing down by having a discussion—How Did the Universe Begin? There are only three possible answers to this question.1(It was created by something larger than itself since the first law of thermodynamics(热力学)says that energy cannot be created, only changed.The universe had to be created by something outside itself, because of the same law.We also know that man could not have created it.2(It was begun by chance(or accident);or 3(The answer is not sure.Shown this way, the question is:
Additional Materials Complete the summary of the story with one word in each blank.HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH After the “Big Bang” came a 1 of energetic dust, the earth.Dust combined into a ball, moving 2 the sun.The earth became violent.Then it 3 loudly.In time, the water vapor was produced, making the earth?s atmosphere 4 down.Water then appeared on the 5.The earth was to be different from other planets going round the 6.Water disappeared from other planets.But it stayed on 7.Small plants began developing 8 the water.Years later green plants came into 9.The air then was 10 with oxygen.Millions of years later, small 11 animals were found to be living on the 12 , in the sea.They spread all over the earth, moving 13 the earth, putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which 14 heat from escaping from earth into space.In the end the earth may become too hot to live 15.(Keys: 1.cloud 2.around 3.exploded 4.cool 5.surface 6.sun 7.earth 8.in 9.being 10.filled 11.clever 12.land 13.around 14.prevents 15.upon)Comprehension questions 1.What forms the earth’s atmosphere?
A.Carbon dioxide, oxygen.B.Carbon dioxide, oxygen, poisonous gas.C.Water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen.D.Water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases.2.Can you tell what is the “special qualities” of the earth according to the passage? A.The earth goes around the sun.B.The earth was solid shape which was last.C.There are animals and human beings live on it.D.Water remains on the surface of the earth.3.What kind of factor improve the progress of life? A.Water forms on the earth?s surface.B.Green plants began to appear on land.C.The air is full of carbon dioxide.D.Animals began to appear such as insects, amphibians, est.4.What is the main idea of this passage? A.It tells us how does life begin to appear on the earth.B.It tells us why does green plants grow before animals.C.It tells us water plays an important role in the development of life.D.D.It tells us carbon dioxide is the reason why living beings will die in the future, 5.The author infers us that if we want to the life continue on the earth, what should we do? A.We should produce more carbon dioxide to cause global warming.B.We should solve the problem of global warming as soon as possible.C.We should bear less people and think about a new way to grow more crops.D.We should be worthy of water.(Key: DDBAB)Notes to some difficult sentences 1.After the “Big Bang ” the earth was just a cloud of energetic dust.随着“轰隆”一声巨响，地球就成为一个云团，充满着具有能量的尘埃。
Big Bang(big-bang cosmology)大爆炸宇宙学。2.It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’s
atmosphere.它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了水蒸汽、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
in time: sooner or later;eventually 迟早;最后。I?ll see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。
in time(for sth/ to do sth): not late 及时;不迟。
She will be back in time to prepare dinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。in/out of time: in/not in the correct time 合/不合节怕。
The audience clapped in time to the music.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。(sth)be to(do):(something)will definitely happen, or it must happen 不可避免要发生或必须发生。
They said goodbye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们彼此说了再见，几乎不知道再也不可能见面了。
She is to be honored for this great work.她(一定)会因这部著作而获得荣誉。Mr.Clark said to his daughter, “You are to be home by 10 o?clock at the latest.” 克拉克先生对他的女儿说:“你必须在10点之前到家。”
3.Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going round the sun.谁也不知道地球会别于环绕太阳运转的其它行星。
(sb/sth)be different from: not like someone or something else in one or more ways 与„„不同。City life is quite different from country life.都市生活与乡村生活是非常不同的。
注意:(1)强调different时用very, much, quite, entirely, totally等词。(2)有时，美语口语中用than，英语口语中用to来代替from。
going round the sun 为现在分词短语，作定语，表示一般的动作。例如: Men breaking the law will be punished.Men who break the law will be punished.违法的人要受到处罚。现在分词短语作定语，也可以表示进行的动作。例如: Can you see the girl dancing with your boyfriend? Can you see the girl who is dancing with her boyfriend? 你能看见与男友跳舞的那个姑娘吗, 4.It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of the earth’s
atmosphere, into the oceans and seas.它使地球把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体溶解在海洋里。
allow „to do 允许某人做某事。如: Her parents won?t allow her to stay out later than 11:00 in the evening.她父母不允许她晚上在外逗留超过11点。
Please allow me to explain that I did not have any idea about his arrangement.请允许我解释，我事先不知道他的安排。
但要注意:“准许做某事”应当是allow doing 不是allow to do。如: They shouldn?t allow parking in this street.It?s too narrow.他们不应该允许在这条街上停车，街道太窄了。
Walking on the grass is not allowed.不许踩踏草坪。5.This encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.这为早期贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。
encourage 鼓励;促进;怂恿
Father encouraged him to study physics but he prefers maths.父亲鼓励他学物理，但他更喜欢数学。
He encouraged me to learn dancing.他鼓励我去学跳舞。名词后缀-ment加在动词之后表示: 1)行为，例如:argument, betterment, development, treatment.2)结果，例如:arrangement, statement, settlement.3)工具，例如:instrument, pavement.6.They produced young generally by laying eggs.它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。by doing 用于说明做某事的手段，方式。如: I don?t think she can help him by just giving him money.我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的。He used to make his living by painting.他以前是靠画画为生。
7.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。
prevent „from doing 阻止某人做某事。如: His heart trouble did not prevent him(from)going to class the next day.他的心脏病痛没能阻止他第二天去上课。
Nothing can prevent their plans(from)being carried out.什么也不能阻止他们的计划得以实施。8.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这
个问题能否得到解决。
(sth)depend on(sth else): something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are right for it 取决于;决定于。如: “Will you go fishing this afternoon?” “Well, it all depends on the weather.” “你今天下午去钓鱼吗,” “得看天气。”
for millions of years to come 中不定式to come作定语，与前面的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，例如: She is the last person to do such a thing.她是最不像做这种事的人。【高考链接】 主语从句
一、由what(whatever，whoever)等代词引导的主语从句。What they are after is money.他们追求的是金钱。
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.这里说的话都应当保密。
二、由连词that引导的主语从句。其中that一般不可省略，但若用it作形式主语，that从句后置时，则可省略。为避免头重脚轻，我们倾向用it开头，后接be，seem等。如果句子是疑问形式，就只能用带it的结构。
That money doesn't grow on trees should be obvious.金钱不能从树上长出来是显而易见的。It is obvious(that)money doesn't grow on trees.显而易见，金钱是不能从树上长出来的。Has it been announced when the planes are to take off,飞机什么时候起飞宣布了没有, 注意: 1)选用what还是用that引导主语从句要根据关联词在从句中是否担任成分而定。且what(以及whatever，whoever等)引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语。What he said is true.他说的是真的。(what在其引导的主语从句中作宾语。)That China is a great socialist country is well known.(=It?s well known that„)众所周知，中国是一个伟大的社会主义国家。(that在其引导的主语从句中不作任何成分，也无词义，只起连接作用。)2)it引导的强调句与it作形式主语的复合句不可混淆。it引导的强调句是用来对句中某一成分加以强调，其结构为:“It is(或was)+强调部分+that(或who)„”强调句去掉It is(或was)„that(或who)„框架后，剩余部分为一个完整的句子。
It was I that(who)met Mary in the street yesterday.是我昨天在街上遇见了玛丽。(强调主语)3)常见的用it作形式主语的复合句结构: *It is+形容词(necessary，strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，等)+that从句，从句中常用虚拟语气。
It?s necessary that he write something in English.他用英语写点东西是必要的。It?s strange that she did not go to school yesterday.奇怪的是她昨天没去上学。*It is+名词(a fact，a pity，no wonder，good news，等)+that从句
It's a pity that she should have said so.真遗憾她竟然会这么说。*It is+过去分词(said，reported，decided，unknown等)+that从句 Its said that our English teacher will go abroad next week.据说我们英语老师下周要去出国。*It +不及物动词(seems，appears，happens，matters等)+that从句
It seems that she is in great need of help.看来她急帮忙。4)主语为从句时，一般要用单数谓语动词形式;但如果引导的从句作主语、代表复数概念(常可从表语上看出)时，谓语动词则常用复数形式: What we need is water.我们需要的是水。
What we need are useful books.我们需要的是有用的书。
三、由连接代词或连接副词(或if, whether)引导的主语从句。When they will come hasn't been made public.他们什么时候回来还没有宣布。Whether I?ll attend the meeting hasn?t been decided.=It hasn?t been decided whether(if)I?ll attend the meeting.我是否参加会议还未决定。【高考链接】._____we?ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 2.______she couldn't understand was____fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;what C.What;because D.Why;that 3._____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who 4.These wild flowers are so special I would do____I can to save them A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 5.It is pretty well understood _____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.what D.how 6.___we can?t get seems better than ____we have.A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what 7._______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what B.No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever 8.______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.Whoever 9.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ______ our astronauts desire to do is to walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how 10.______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.A.What is required B.What requires C.It is required D.It requires 【巩固练习】
1(____studies hard will pass the exam.A.Whoever B.Any student C.Who D.Those who 2.____the workers insisted on was that they ____more pay.A.That;must be given B.What;be given C.Whether;would be given D.What;should give 3.____he will be sent to Hainan is certain.A.Why B.Whether C.That D.How 4---You look so worried, what has happened?----It worries me ____I?ve hurt him.A.if B.which C.what D.whether 5.____he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter 6.Does ____ matter if he can?t finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it 7.____breaks the law should be punished.A.Anyone B.Whoever C.He D..Whatever 8.____I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.A.If B.Whether C.Even if D.When 9.____said that was wrong.A.Who B.Whoever C.Anybody D.Everybody 10._____ is unknown to us all.A.Where did he get it B.Where he got it C.That where he got D.Which he got it 11.____has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever 12.It worried her a bit ____her shoes were worn out.A(while B.that C.if D.for 13(I read about it in some book or other，does it matter____it was, A.Where B.what C.how D.which 14(____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language A.There B.This C.That D.It 15(I found ____strange that she didn't show any interest in it.A.that B.what C.it D.which 【汉译英】
1.澳大利亚出产羊毛。2.父亲把零钱放进钱包。
3.他们敏捷的行动阻止了火势蔓延。4.你不能永远依赖你的双亲。
5.我们初次见面到如今已有好多年了。【答案及解析】 【高考链接】
1.B 因谓语动词depends on，说明go camping这件事尚未确定。主语从句在句首时，不用if，故用whether。
2.A 本句兼考查主语从句与表语从句。
3.C 此题中有两个不是并列的动词谓语，而Anyone和The person不是连接代词，也不是关系代词，所以先排除A和B;又whoever=the person who,故选C.4.A 本句考查“do what one can(do)”这一句型。用whatever代what语气更强。5.C what引导主语从句，在从句中做主语，it是形式主语;that引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分。
6.A 主语从句we can?t get后缺宾语，故需用what;而than后分句也缺宾语，仍需用what。7.D 根据句子结构可知本题考查名词性从句用法，故A、B项排除;whatever与whichever的不同之处在于前者没有范围而后者有范围，而本句中所表达的是在本周六参加比赛的获胜队，是有范围的，故D项正确。8 A what引导主语从句，在主语从句中作主语。表语从句部分是说明该商店与众不同的具体内容，并未指人，因此排除B、D两项;whatever:anything that „ 意为“„„的任何事物”，不合句意，故排除。
9.B 根据题干中的„to do is„可知主语从句中缺少主语，而选项中能作主语从句主语的只有what。
10.C 此句中it作形式主语，代替后面的that从句，而且that从句内容与require构成被动关系，故C项正确。
【巩固练习】
1.A 2B.3C 4D 5A 6D 7B 8 B 9 B 10B 11D 12B 13D 14D 15C 【汉译英】 1.Australia produces wool.2.The father put the small change into the wallet.3.Their prompt actions prevented the fire from spreading.4.You can?t depend on your parents forever.5.Many years have gone by since we first met.Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 教材分析和教材重组
教本单元的主要内容是边缘科学、地球生命的起源，万有引力、黑洞和太空旅行等天文材学知识。通过本单元的学习，培养学生对科学的兴趣，激发学生探究科学的热情。分1.Warming Up部分共有三组问题，第一组问题引导学生讨论边缘科学(Frontier 析 Science)，即以两种或多种学科为基础而发展起来的科学。例如，生物化学是以生物学
和化学为基础的边缘科学。第二组问题探讨科学研究的方法。第三组问题让学生思考 要成为真正的科学家所必须掌握的技能。
2.Pre-reading部分主要让学生弄清楚什么是科学思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化传统。
学生总喜欢听故事或讲故事，在探讨生命的起源的科学道理之前，让学生交流一下有
关宇宙的起源的种种传说，既有趣味性，又能调动学生的相关知识，激活学生的思维。
3.Reading部分讲述了地球上生命的起源。水的形成使得地球有别与其他星球，它使得
地球上生命的诞生成为可能。科学家认为，地球上的生命首先诞生于水中，上百万年
后，陆地上才长出绿色植物，随后出现了陆栖动物和水陆两栖动物。最初的动物靠孵
化繁衍后代，后来出现了哺乳动物，人类也随之诞生了。文章最后讲述的现象发人深
省:The earth may become too hot for the lives on it.它关系到地球上生命的未来。
4.Comprehending部分通过四个选择填空题检测学生对本文核心问题的理解:地球上生
命的起源和延续需要哪些条件?随后通过排序的方式帮助学生弄清本文的行文线索，也
就是地球上生命的起源和发展历程。最后提出两个问题，考查学生的深层理解和推断
能力。5.Learning about Language部分首先通过英文解释帮助理解课文中的生词，然后，通过
短文填空、词语分类等形式将这些词语用于一个相关的情境中。语法部分也是采用先
发现后应用的学习方法。先通过到课文中找句子，让学生认识主语从句，然后，设置
一个用手机发短信息的情境，让学生进行简单句与主语从句之间的转换练习。最后设
置情境来复习第三单元出现的表语从句。
6.Using Language部分综合训练听说读写的能力。听力部分的内容介绍三位科学巨匠，不仅通过听力填表的形式训练学生捕捉细节的能力，还通过四选一的形式帮助学生找主题思想。在解释对与错的过程中，教师可以适当地介绍一下概括主题的方法。阅读部分是一个科幻小故事，通过“我”和“我的朋友”乘宇宙飞船登月球的经历，介绍了重量、失重和地球引力等科学道理。说和写部分以Visiting the moon为话题，要求学生讨论登月球需要携带的物品和在月球上可能遇到的困难，并要求学生找出克服这些困难的方法。教师可以根据课本上的提示，向学生介绍“先分述后总结”的写作方法。提出问题的解决方案时，要求学生选用适当的“指示”用语。
教1.将Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading与Comprehending整合在一起上一节“阅读课”。
材2.将Learning about Language和Workbook的using words and expressions及using 重structures整合在一起上一节“语言学习课”。组 3.将Using Language设计为一节包括听说读写在内的“综合技能课(一)”。4.将Workbook的READING AND LISTENING和TALKING结合在一起上一节“听说
课”。
5.将Workbook的LISTENING TASK，READING AND WRITING TASK和SPEAKING TASK设计为一节“综合技能课(二)”。
st课1 Period Reading nd时2 Period Language study rd分3 Period Integrating skills(?)th配 4 Period Listening and Speaking th5 Period Integrating skills(?)Part 1: Teaching Design(第一部分:教学设计)Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading(HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH)Aims To develop the students? reading ability To learn something about astronomy Procedures I.Warming up by learning vocabulary Good morning, class!Today, w are going to take Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars.Before we read the text, let?s turn to page 99 and get familiarized with the vocabulary first.Pay attention to the making of the word.Study the prefixes, roots and suffixes in the words.Astronaut Yang Liwei II.Pre-reading 1.Looking and saying Have you ever wondered how the universe began? Well I'm sure you may have many answers to this question, but I have one that perhaps, you may not have heard of yet.I will be giving you my theory on this subject.Now look at the screen and listen to me telling you something exciting.科学家透露:宇宙可能有两个
我们的宇宙和一个“隐藏的”宇宙共同“镶嵌”在“五维空间”中。在我们的宇宙早期，这两个
宇宙发生了一次相撞事故，相撞产生的能量生成了我们宇宙中的物质和能量。2.Talking and sharing Do you know how the universe began? In the 1920s in California, astronomer Edwin Hubble observed distant galaxies using an extremely powerful telescope.He made two mind-boggling(unbelievable)discoveries.First, Hubble figured out that the Milky Way isn?t the only galaxy.He realized that faint, cloud-like
第二篇：人教必修3检测参考答案
2014届补习中心文言文单元求实检测题参考答案（必修3）
1、C、（A、dì应为tì/揭竿为旗B、藩篱、良将劲弩D、用心躁也度长絜大）
2、答案：C.（爱，吝惜；传，古代解释经书的文字）
3、A、于是，就/竟然（B 被 C 兼词，于之 D 表凭借，用来）
4、D 趁，趁机（A 险固/顽固B 遗留下的/遗失 C 攻取/尽，完）
5、C 定语后置句。其他都是宾语前置句。
6、A。荀子的“性恶论” 思想核心是“仁”不当）
7．B ．“吊”应为“慰问”
8．A 解析：①②③④从不同侧面写出正义战争是人民渴望并拥护的；⑤齐宣王伐燕的本意并不是救民于水火，而是想称霸天下；⑥这是孟子对这次战争后果的分析。
9．A 解析：B项文中“民以为”说明老百姓误以为齐王是来拯救自己的，因而表示欢迎，实际并非如此；C项孟子认为天下的人本来就害怕齐国的强大，如今地盘扩大而不施仁政，会激怒天下人兴兵问罪；D项文中“及时雨”是比喻商汤伐桀，“谋于燕众”是孟子为齐王指出的解决眼前危机的途径之一。
10．(1)为什么(不先征伐我们这里，而要)把我们放到后面呢？（“奚为”1分，“后”1分）
(2)百姓都以为您会把他们从水深火热中拯救出来，所以用竹筐盛了饭，用瓦壶装了水浆，迎接大王的军队。（句式1分，“箪食壶浆”1分,大意1分）
（3）天下本来就害怕齐国的强大，现在齐国扩大了一倍的土地却不施行仁政，这就使得天下的诸侯要出兵攻打您了。（“固，倍，动”各1分，大意1分）
（4）即使又晒干了，也不会再挺直，这是由于火烤使它变成这样的。（一句1分）
(5)巫医、乐师及各种工匠，是士大夫们所看不起的，现在他们的见识反而比不上这些人了。这也真是奇怪啊！（“不齿”“乃”“其可怪也欤！”各1分）
(6)然而秦凭借着它的小小的地方，发展到兵车万乘的国势，使八州来归，使六国诸侯都来朝见，已经一百多年了（前三句一句1分）
（7）（4分）县官佩服他胆气豪壮并且同情他，暗中将自己的意图告诉他，让他将主谋推给霍氏。（“壮”词类活用、“授以意”状语后置、“令”后兼语省略、“归”，各1分）
（8）（3分）陛下忽然派大军向西而去，使人们感到恐慌，就什么事都干得出来。（3分，大意1分，“西”“至”各1分）
参考译文：齐人攻打燕国，吞并了它。各国诸侯谋划着救助燕国。宣王说：‚有很多诸侯将要谋划攻打我，该怎么对付他们呢？‛
孟子回答道：‚我听说凭七十里见方的土地就统一天下的，商汤就是这样。没有听说凭着千里见方的土地还怕别人的。《尚书》上说：‘商汤的征伐，从葛国开始。’天下的人都信任商汤，他向东征伐，西夷就埋怨；向南征伐，北狄就埋怨，(他们埋怨)说：‘为什么(不先征伐我们这里，而要)把我们放到后头呢？’人民盼望他，如同大旱时节盼望乌云虹霓一样。(汤的军队到了一地，)赶集市的照常做买卖，种田的照常干农活，杀了那里的暴君，慰问那里的百姓，像是及时雨从天而降。百姓非常高兴。《尚书》上(又)说：‘等待我们的君王，君王来了，我们就得到新生。’现在，燕王虐待百姓，大王去征伐他，百姓都以为您会把他们从水深火热中拯救出来，所以用竹筐盛了饭，用瓦壶装了水浆，迎接大王的军队。如果您杀戮他们的父兄，囚禁他们的子弟，毁坏他们的宗庙，搬走他们国家的宝器，那怎么行呢？天下本来就害怕齐国的强大，现在齐国扩大了一倍的土地却不施行仁政，这就使得天下的诸侯要出兵攻打您了。大王赶快发布命令，把被抓的老人孩子遣送回去，停止搬运燕国的宝器，同燕国人商量，选立一个新国君，然后撤离燕国，那么还来得及阻止(各国动兵)。‛
11、读书以为学，缵言以为文，非以夸多而斗靡也；盖学所以为道，文所以为理耳。苟行事得其宜，出言适其要，虽不吾面，吾将信其富于文学也。（韩愈《送陈秀才彤序》）
读书的目的是学习，掌握语言词汇的目的是写文章，并非是为了以自夸而争奇斗新；学习、写文章是为了掌握道德理性。.如果一个人做事有度，合乎时宜，且说话时直逼要点，那么就算不相识，我也敢确信他在做文章和学习上有很高的造诣。12．略
第三篇：高中必修五英语课文翻译(人教)
必修5课文翻译
1.约翰·斯洛击败“霍乱王”
约翰·斯洛是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。但他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到很振奋。霍乱在当时是最致命的疾病，人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。每次霍乱暴发时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓死去。约翰·斯洛想面对这个挑战，解决这个问题。他知道，在找到病源之前，霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
斯洛对霍乱致人死地的两种推测都很感兴趣。一种看法是霍乱病毒在空气中繁殖着，像一股危险的气体到处漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者为止。第二种看法是人们在吃饭的时候把这种病毒引入体内的。病从胃里发作而迅速殃及全身，患者就会很快地死去。
斯洛推测第二种说法是正确的，但他需要证据。因此，在1854年伦敦再次暴发霍乱的时候，约翰·斯洛着手准备对此进行调研。当霍乱在贫民区迅速蔓延的时候，约翰·斯洛就开始收集资料。他发现特别在两条街道上霍乱流行的很严重，在10天之内就死去了500多人。他决心要查明其原因。
首先，他在一张地图上标明了所有死者住过的地方。这提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。许多死者是住在宽街的水泵附近（特别是这条街上16、37、38、40号）。他发现有些住宅（如宽街上20号和21号以及剑桥街上的8号和9号）却无人死亡。他以前没预料到这种情况，所有他决定深入调查。他发现，这些人都在剑桥街7号的酒馆里打工，而酒馆为他们免费提供啤酒喝，因此他们没有喝从宽街水泵抽上来的水。看来水是罪魁祸首。
接下来，约翰·斯洛调查了这两条街的水源情况。他发现，水是从河里来的，而河水被伦敦排出的脏水污染了。他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。这样，水泵就用不成了。不久，疫情就开始得到缓解。他证明了，他证明了霍乱是由病菌而不是由气团传播的。
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中发现了有力的证据。有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。她和她的女儿喝了这种水，都得了霍乱而死去。有了这个特别的证据，约翰·斯洛就能够肯定地宣布，这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。
为了防止这种情况的再度发生，约翰·斯洛建议所有水源都要经过检测。自来水公司也接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。最终，“霍乱王”被击败了。2.哥白尼的革命性理论
尼古拉·哥白尼被吓得心烦意乱的。虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论：地球不是太阳系的中心。只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。他的这个理论可不能告诉任何人，因为即使他只暗示有这种想法，他都会受到强大的基督教会势力的惩罚。教会认为世界是上帝创造的，正因为如此，地球就具有特殊的意义，它必定要成为太阳系的中心。这样，问题就来了，因为天文学家以前发现过，天上有些行星停顿下来，往后移动，然后再成环状向前移动，而其他行星看上去有时亮些，有时又不怎么亮。如果地球是太阳系的中心，而所有行星环绕着地球转的话，那么这种现象就很奇怪了。哥白尼对这些问题曾经苦苦思索过很久，试图找出问题的答案。他曾经收集过观察星球的数据，并且利用他的全部数学知识来解释这些数据。但是只有他的新理论才能作出解释。于是，他在1510至1514年期间从事这项研究，逐步修改他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。
1514年，他把他的新理论私下里给他的朋友们看。他对旧理论的修改是具有革命性的。他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。他还提出地球在围绕太阳转的同时，它本身还自转，这样就说明了行星运动的变化情况以及星球亮度问题。他的朋友都热情地鼓励他把他的想法公之于世，而他却小心谨慎，他不想遭到基督教会的攻击，所以他直到1543年临终之前才公布了这一观点。
当然，他小心谨慎是对的。基督教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这种理论的人都会受到打击。然而哥白尼的理论却是我们宇宙观赖以建立的基础。他的理论还改变了基督教对地心引力的看法，他们认为物体往地球上掉落是因为上帝创造了地球，而地球正是宇宙的中心。哥白尼表明这是明显错误的。如今人们可以看到，他的这些想法与艾萨克·牛顿、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦以及斯蒂芬·霍金等人的研究都有着直接的联系。UNIT2 3.地理之谜
人们也许觉得奇怪，为什么用来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个国家的词语不太一样。但如果你学过英国历史，就能弄清楚这个问题。
首先是英格兰。威尔士于13世纪同英格兰联合了起来。如今只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士总是包括在内的。接着，英格兰、威尔士同苏格兰于17世纪联合了起来，名字就改成了“大不列颠”。令人庆幸的是，当苏格兰的詹姆斯国王成为英格兰和威尔士的国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。最后，英国政府打算于20世纪初把爱尔兰也同另外三个国家和平联合起来以形成联合王国。然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿组建联合王国，它分离出去，并建立了自己的政府。因此只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰联合起来，而组成了联合王国，这一点从新的联合王国国旗上就可以看得出来。值得赞扬的是，这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作，例如在货币和国际关系方面；但是有些制度仍然区别很大。例如，北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰在教育体制和立法体制上都存在着差异。在参加像世界杯之类的比赛时，它们有着各自的足球队。在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的。为了方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。最靠近法国的那个地区叫做英格兰南部，中部地区叫做英格兰中部，最靠近苏格兰的那个地区叫做英格兰北部。你可以看到英国的大部分人口聚居在南部，而多数大工业城市都位于中部和北部。尽管，英国任何一个城市都不像中国的城市那样大，但是他们都有着自己的享有威名的足球队，有的城市甚至还有两个队。很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。要找历史性建筑你得去更古老的、比较小些的由古罗马人建造的城镇。在那儿你才可能找到更多的有关英国历史和文化的东西。
最具历史意义的宝地是伦敦。那儿有博物馆，有艺术珍品、剧院、公园和各种建筑物。它是全国的政治中心。它有公元一世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁——撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有公元1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。曾经有四批侵略者到过英国。第一批入侵者是古罗马人，留下了他们的城镇和道路。接着是盎格鲁——撒克逊人，留下了他们的语言和政体。第三是斯堪的纳维亚人，他们对词汇和北部的地名造成了一定影响；第四是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡和食物名称的新词语。如果你到英国乡间去看看，你就会找到所有这些入侵者的痕迹。如果想使你的英国之旅不虚此行又有意义，你就必须留心观察。
4.伦敦观光记
由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔，它是很久以前由入侵的诺曼人在公元1066年修建的。真是太棒了！这个坚实的用石头砌的方形塔已经在那屹立一千年了。尽管在塔的四周扩建了一些建筑，但它仍然是皇宫和监狱联合体的一个组成部分。让张萍玉很惊讶的是，她发现女王的珠宝由皇家特别卫士守护着，而这些卫士在一些特殊的日子仍然穿着400年前伊丽莎白一世女王时代的制服。
接着参观的是圣保罗大教堂，它是公元1666年伦敦大火以后建造的，刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌。威斯敏斯特大教堂也是很有意思的地方，里面珍藏着一些已故诗人和作家的雕像，例如莎士比亚的雕像。正当萍玉走出大教堂的时候，她听到了著名的大本钟整点敲响的钟声。她参观了女王伦敦住所白金汉宫的外景，以此结束了一天的观光。啊，她要同朋友们讲的实在太多了！第二天，萍玉姑娘参观了格林尼治天文台，看到了古老的轮船和那座著名的为时间定时的时钟。她最感兴趣的是那条通过天文台的经线。这是一条假想的线，它把世界分成东西两半球，从而有利于航海。这条线穿过格林尼治，萍玉就跨着这条线拍了一张照片。
最后一天，她参观了伦敦海洛特公墓里的卡尔·马克思的雕像。这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。不仅如此，他还在大英博物馆著名的图书阅览室工作过。遗憾的是，这个图书馆已经从原来的地方搬到另一座大楼里去了，而原来的阅览室也没有了。但是她感到最为震惊的却是博物馆里展出的那么多来自不同文化的奇妙宝物。当萍玉看到那么多参观者用欣赏的目光注视着古老漂亮的中国陶瓷和其他展品时，心里充满了对祖国的自豪感。再过一天，萍玉就要离开伦敦去温莎城堡了。她边睡觉边想：“也许我能见到女王呢？”
Unit3
5.第一印象
太空邮件：liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceSation.com
15/11/3008(地球时间)6.亲爱的爸爸妈妈：
我现在仍然无法相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。我得不断提醒自己，我真的已经进入到公元3008年了。因为担心这次旅行，头几天我心里总是不踏实，结果我得了时间滞后症。这就与你乘坐飞机会产生时差反应相似，所不同的是，在你的脑子里似乎会不断闪现以前的时光。因此，我一开始就感到神经过敏和心神不定。但是我的朋友兼导游王平很细心体贴，给了我几粒绿色药片，倒是挺起作用的。他父母的公司叫做“未来之旅”，以其技术高超而闻名。他们把我装在一个时间舱里，平安地把我送入了未来。
我仍旧记得我们被太空服务员一起叫到时间舱，爬上去进入一个小门。座位是很舒适的，喝了点镇静剂后，我们的眼睛就闭上了，感到昏昏欲睡似的。时间舱在轻轻左右摇晃，我们放松地躺在那里做梦。几分钟以后，旅程结束，我们就到了。我仍然在地球上，但是进入到了未来的一千年。我们会看到什么呢？
一开始新的环境让我很难忍受。空气似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。正当我想努力调整适应新环境时，王平出现了。他告诉我，“把这个面罩戴上。它会使你感觉好得多。”他把面罩递给我，敦促我马上走进附近的一个小房间，叫我休息。我立刻就感到舒服些了。没过多久，我就再次站立起来，跟着他去领取了一台由电脑驱动的气垫车。这些气垫车是在地面上方漂浮着的，只要在座位上把操纵杆打弯或压下，你就可以迅速地移动。王平系紧了我的安全带，教我怎样使用它。不久，我就可以飞得跟王平一样快了。可是，当我们到达一个看上去像大市场的地方时，由于太多车子朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。他被卷入到这群车队里去了。就在这个时候我得到一次“时间滞后”的闪回，这样我就再次看到了似乎是公元2008年的那个地区。我这才懂得我被送到了未来，但却仍然在自己的家乡。就在这个时候，我又见到了王平，于是又跟在他后面飞去。到了一幢看上去很奇怪的房子里，他把我带到一个明亮而洁净的大房间。墙是绿色的，地板是棕色的，灯光很柔和。突然墙壁移动了——原来是树形成的！后来我才发现，就是这些树的叶子为这栋房屋提供了最急需的氧气。然后王平在电脑屏幕上的开关上闪了一下，于是一张桌子和几把椅子就像变魔术那样从地板下面升了起来。“怎么不坐下来吃些东西呢？”他说道，“你第一次作这样的时间旅行，可能会感到有些困难。你可以好好休息一下。今天没有任何出行计划。明天你还要准备参观几个地方。”说完这些，他把食物摆在桌子上，又从地板下取出一张床来。他离开后，我简单吃了饭，洗了个热水澡。实在累坏了，我溜上床很快就睡着了。以后再谈吧！你的儿子 李强
7.我看到了奇妙的东西
我首先参观的是一个太空站，这个站被认为是太空中最现代化的地方。太空站像一个巨大的圆盘，在太空中缓缓的旋转，以仿照出地球重心的引力。太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。有个导游带领我们站在一条移动的运送带上，到各处参观。
导游：从2008年来访的朋友们，早上好！首先，我们要查看一种我们太空居民使用的最新的通讯方式。再也不需要打字员在打字机或电脑上工作了！再也不需要邮费和邮政编码了！现在用一种“思想仪”就可以传递信息。你把金属带放在头上，整理思路，按下发送键，集中精神想着你要发送的信息，片刻功夫信息就发送出去了。这个信息会储存在接受者的“思想仪”里。它快捷有效，而且环保。唯一的缺点是，如果使用者不能想清楚要传递的信息，发送出去的信息可能是模糊不清的。但我们不能因为使用者的使用不当而责备仪器，是不是？ 在导游解说的时候，我观看着桌上这副被称为“思想仪”的小东西。它们看上去像金属带子。那么普通，但却那么神通广大！正当我还在观察时，运送带向前移动了。
导游：女士们先生们，现在我们到了“环保地带”。以前人们习惯用垃圾箱收集废弃物，然后这些垃圾被送走埋掉或烧掉，我说的对吧？（我们都点头。）可现在我们有一种装置，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。一架巨大的机器，能把所有能获得的废弃物都吞进去，而且总是贪得无厌。然后垃圾被分解成了几种有用的物质，如庄稼地的“肥料”和沙漠中的“土壤”。什么都不浪费，所有的东西，哪怕是塑料袋也被回收利用了。伟大的创意，对不对？
我注视着缓缓移动的垃圾分解机器模型，为它的成效所吸引。但是，我们又开始向前移动了。
导游：第三站要展示给我们的是工作实践方面的一些变化。批量生产不再在地球上进行，而是转移到了像这样的太空站里。在太空里，一组工程师给机器人设计了程序让它们完成工作。机器人生产像药品、衣服、家具和气垫车等东西。没有废弃物、没有污染，也没有环境破坏。但是，这些公司必须培训他们的代表能在太空中生活和工作。他们必须在此监控机器人和生产过程。一旦货物齐备，就用工用太空船运送到地球。我的思绪开始漫游。我能从事什么工作呢？当我想到这个奇妙的未来世界时，我兴趣倍增、干劲十足
Unit4 8.我的第一项工作任务 “难以忘怀，”新闻记者说 周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报纸的第一项工作任务。他同新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。
胡：欢迎你，非常高兴你来参加我们的工作，你来这里首先就是当助理记者。有什么问题吗？ 周：我可以马上去采访吗？
胡：（笑）真是勇气可嘉！不过恐怕这不太合乎常规，还是等到你比较有经验以后吧。我们先要派你给有经验的记者作助理。以后，你才能独自去进行新闻采访并提交自己的新闻稿。周：太好了！我需要随身带些什么？我已经带了笔记本和照相机。
胡：不需要照相机！你们将带上一名专业摄影师去拍照。你将发现你的同事们会热情地帮助你。如果你对摄影感兴趣，以后你可以集中精力去钻研。
周：谢谢你。对摄影我不仅只是感兴趣，在大学里我还专修过业余摄影课来更新我的技术。胡：那很好啊。
周：我出去采访时还需要记住些什么事呢？
胡：你需要有好奇心。你只有提出了许多不同的问题之后才有可能获得你需要知道的信息。我们说，一个好的记者必须有一个对新闻非常敏感的“嗅觉“。那就是说，在人们没有说出全部真相时，你必须能够判断出，并努力发现真理。记者必须通过调查研究，来使自己了解到被遗漏的那部分情况。周：我应该注意些什么呢？
胡：下面是我的行为准则：不要延误任务规定的期限，不可对人粗鲁，不可自己说得太多，务必认真倾听被采访人回答问题。
周：为什么听人家讲话这样重要呢？
胡：你得听清楚事实的细节。同时，你还要根据被采访人所说的话准备提出下一个问题。
周：在我记笔记的同时，怎么能仔细倾听对方的答话呢？ 胡：这就是我们职业的诀窍了。如果被采访人允许，你可以使用录音机，录下全部事实。如果有人提出质疑，这也有用，你就有证据来支持自己的报道了。
周：我明白了！你有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他的报道失实？
胡：有的。不过这是很久以前的事了。事情是这样的：一位足球运动员被指挥受贿，故意不进球，好让对方球队赢球。我们去采访了他。他否认收了钱，但我们对此表示怀疑。于是，我们安排这名球员和被认为行贿的人一起接受采访，而当我们看到他们在一起时，我们就从足球运动员的体态语上猜到他没有说真话。我们写了一篇文章，暗示足球队员有罪。这事有些为难，因为如果我们错了，他就可以向我们索要赔偿。他竭力阻止我们发表这篇文章，但后来证实我们是正确的。周：哇！那才是真正的独家新闻哩！我期盼着即将到来的首次任务。说不定我也会搞到独家新闻呢！胡：也许你会的，谁知道呢。9.抢发独家新闻
周阳刚刚采访了一位著名影星回到办公室，编辑就说：“快点把那篇报道准备好，我们这一版就要用，这样我们就抢在其他报纸的前面了，这就是抢先的独家新闻。“国际新闻编辑部有人提出问题：“他真的干了那种事吗？”周阳回答说：“是的，恐怕是这样的。”接着他便着手准备报道了。
他的第一件事就是写报道稿，他必须认认真真地写。尽管他认为那个人一直在说谎话，但周阳懂得，他决不能直接指责那个人。他必须做到准确无误，还要简明扼要。他知道该如何做。经过几个月的培训，他已经学会了写文章，全然没有废话。他在电脑前坐下就开始工作了。
第一个看到这篇文章的人的他们部里的一位编审。他核查了文中的证据，阅读了整篇报道，然后递给技术编辑。她就开始了编辑工作，设计了主标题和副标题。她说：“在版面上这会很好看。这个人的照片该放在哪儿好呢？”因为这篇文章要用英文来写，所有周阳拿了一份稿子给一位母语为英语的外国雇员，请她对语言风格进行润饰。这位雇员对周阳的报道也很满意。她评价说：“你确实能写很好的头版新闻了。”周阳高兴地笑了。最后主编审读了这篇稿子，并且批准发表了。他对周阳说：“文章写得很好，不过你还得拿出证据来表明事实确凿。”周阳激动地说：“我马上拿来。”
新闻文字编辑取走这篇报道，开始对所有的报道和图片进行编排，直至把各版面全部编定。此后，所有的报道材料就要被制成胶片。这是印制过程的第一道工序。由于这篇报道要用好几种颜色，因此需要四张胶片。每一种主色要用一张底片，四张底片结合起来就制成一张报纸的彩页。经过最后一次校对后，这个版面就可以准备印制了。周阳兴奋地等待着第一批报纸的印出。“要等到今天晚上。”他的朋友轻声地告诉他说。“我期望电视新闻会对这件事作一点报道。真是独家新闻了！”
Unit5 10.烧伤的急救
皮肤是身体必不可少的部分，也是身体的最大器官。皮肤有三层，它们是防病、防毒、抵御太阳有害光线侵害的一道屏障。皮肤的功能十分复杂。皮肤可以保暖或御寒，保持体内水分。正是皮肤使你感到冷热、疼痛，它还使你有触觉。因此，你可以想象到，如果你的皮肤烧伤了，就可能非常严重。在治疗烧伤的过程中，紧急处理是非常重要的第一步。烧伤的原因： 你可能由于各种原因而烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射（由于靠近高温或大火）、阳光、电和化学物品。烧伤的种类：
烧伤有三类。根据皮肤烧伤的层次分为一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤。
一度烧伤：只损伤皮层的最上层。这些烧伤并不严重，应当在一两天内就有好转。例如轻度的晒伤，由于短暂接触热锅、火炉或熨斗而导致的烫伤。
二度烧伤：既损伤了皮肤的最上层，又损伤了皮质的第二层。这些烧伤属于严重的烧伤，需几星期才能痊愈。例如严重的晒伤和灼热的液体所造成的烧伤。
三度烧伤：所有三层皮质以及皮下的组织和器官都受到损害。例如由电击引起的烧伤，因衣服起火引起的烧伤，或因汽油起火引起的烧伤。这些烧伤都属于非常严重的烧伤，受伤者必须立即送往医院。烧伤的特性：
一度烧伤： · 干燥、发红、微肿
· 微痛
· 受压时变白 二度烧伤： · 粗糙、发红、肿胀
· 起水泡
· 表层渗液
· 极其疼痛
三度烧伤： · 黑、白和焦炭色相间
· 肿胀，可看到皮下组织
· 若损害了神经，则没有疼痛或轻微疼痛，或者在创面四周有疼感 急救处理：
1、除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉（必要时可用剪刀帮助）。靠近创面的其他衣物和首饰也都要取掉。
2、马上用凉水给伤口冲凉，但不能用冰水。最好是把烧伤的部位放在慢速流动的自来水下冲洗大约10分钟。（凉水可以阻止烧伤的进程，可以防止无法忍受的疼痛，还可以减轻肿胀程度）。三度烧伤不可用冷水冲。
3、对于一度烧伤的患者，要把清凉干净的湿布放在烧伤面上，直到疼痛感较轻时为止。对于二度烧伤，要保持湿布清凉，需把湿布放回冷水盆中，拧出水后再放在烧伤面上，这样要反反复复地做一个小时左右，直到不太痛时为止。
4、轻轻地把烧伤面弄干，但不要擦拭，因为这样做可能会擦破水泡，伤口会感染。
5、用干而清洁又不粘皮肤的绷带盖住烧伤面，用胶布把绷带固定。千万不要在烧伤处涂黄油、油或软膏，因为这会使里面的热散不出去，而且还可能导致感染。
6、如果烧伤的部位在臂部和腿部，尽可能把手臂或腿脚抬高到高于心脏的位置。如果是面部烧伤，伤者则应该坐起来。
7、如果属于二度或三度烧伤，就必须立即把患者送往医院或送去看医生。英雄青年获奖记
17岁的青年约翰·詹森昨晚在弗镇的救生员颁奖大会上领奖，因为他在一次骇人听闻的持刀袭击案件发生后，为邻居实施了紧急救援。
在颁奖大会上，约翰被授予奖赏。大会共表彰了抢救他人生命的十个人的勇敢行为。
(那天)约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫，他和父亲赶紧冲出去，发现一名男子从现场逃跑，而三个孩子的母亲安·斯莱德被人连捅了数刀。她躺在前花园的地上，流血不止。她的双手几乎被砍断了。
正是约翰快捷的动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。他立即向附近的一些人要绷带，当他们都找不到绷带的时候，他的父亲从屋里拿出一些擦杯盘的布和胶带来。约翰就用这些东西把斯莱德手上最严重的伤口包扎起来。他使劲地按住伤口，使血流得慢些，一直等到警察和救护车的到来。约翰说：“我为自己所做的事感到自豪，不过，我所做的都是以前别人教会我做的事。”
约翰在读高中时就参加了青年救生员组织。该组织的主任艾伦·萨瑟顿先生在向约翰表示祝贺时说：“毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。这表明懂得急救知识的确能发挥重要作用。” 约翰和其他九位救生员在昨晚领奖时，还出席了由首相主持的特殊的招待会。
第四篇：高中英语教案
Journey down the Mekong（Unit 3 Travel journal）
Teaching designer: wang zhongwen No.7 Middle School of wuwei Teaching goals: 1.Students can use what they have learned to describe a trip.2.Learn something about the Mekong River through reading the text.3.Students should realize what personalities they should have if they want to success.Teaching important and difficult points: 1.Understand the text well.2.Try to apply different skills according to different tasks.3.Be able to use the sentence pattern into speaking.Teaching material: PEP
New Senior English Student Book 1 Unit 3 Travel Journey
Reading Teaching methods： 1, Task base teaching method 2.Communicative teaching method.Teaching procedures: Step 1 Warming-up 1.Review 2.Lead-in: Let’s sing a song together.Step 2 Pre-reading
1.Show a map of the Mekong River.2.List the countries that the Mekong River flows through.China, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Burma, Vietnam Step 3 Fast reading
Task 1 : Read through the text and try to match the general idea Paragraph 1
dream Paragraph 2
A stubborn sister
Paragraph 3
Preparation Step 4 Detailed reading Task 2: Read paragraph 1 and try to finish the true or fause.1)Wang Kun and Wang Wei are brother and sister.（）2)Wang Kun and Wang Wei have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.（）3)Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries.（）
4.Wang Kun first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.（）
Task 3: Pair works: read the passage again, and try to describe their differences.Wang Wei is stubborn, determined, wouldn’t change her mind.Wang Kun is careful, cares about detail.Step 5: Summary _________ middle school, Wang Kun and his sister had _____________ taking a great bike trip.After _______________ college, with cousins they finally got the ________ to take the trip.Once Wang Wei had ___________________, nothing could change her mind.Finally, they agreed to start their journey at _____________ more than 5,000 metres.From the atlas they learnt that the Mekong begins in a Glacier on a ________________.At first it is small and the water is _____ and _____.As it enters Southeast Asia, its _____slow and at last it flows into the ______________.Step 6 Discuss Is Wang Wei a stubborn girl? Why? Step7 : Homework
1.Suppose you are a newspaper reporter, and you have heard about their plan.You want to interview Wangwei about her plans for the trip along the Mekong River.Please make a dialogue after class.2.Tick out the sentences that you feel difficult.
第五篇：高中英语教案
高中英语说课模板
Ladies and Gentlemen, It’s my great pleasure to be here sharing my
lesson with you.The content of my lesson is《 foreign language teaching and research press》Book，.let me talk about this lessson as the following:
一、教材分析:Analysis of the Teaching material
二、教学目标:Teaching alms and demands:
三、教学重难点:Teaching keys and difficulties:
四、教学方法:Teaching methods:
五、教学工具:Teaching aids：
六、教学过程:Teaching procedures:
七、板书设计：Blackboard Design.八 教学评价与反思
Now,let me talk about the teaching material first.本课时所教的是外研社高一上学期使用的必修2 Mudule6。本模块介绍了----这节课学习的是listening and vocabulary和speaking部分的内容，是本模块的第三课时，要求通过听的活动了解和学习有关----------------------------的词汇，培养表达结果，做总结的逻辑思维能力和获取信息的能力。Speaking 讨论了------------------------------在这节课之前，学生学习了reading and vocabulary,通过阅读文章，已经掌握了部分------------------------的词汇，本课由复习旧课入手，引入新课的新词汇，并以听说为主线，对-------这一主题进行延伸和拓展。Therefore , on studying the teaching material and analyzing the regulation of students growing of mind , I put forward the teaching objectives according to English syllabus and new lesson standard.I will talk about it from Knowledge objects , Ability objects and emotion
objects:
知识目标：见教参 能力目标：见教参 德育目标见教参
(1)---------------
(2）------------Next , according to the new teachingstand and the teaching content , I made out the key points and the difficult points of this lesson:
（1）握重点词汇与短语，如：-----------（2）语法方面掌握--以及一些有用的表达式和句子结构。（3）加深学生对于文章的理解，发展学生听、说、读、写的基本技能，提高初步运用英语进行交际的能力，侧重提高阅读能力。Well, how to achieve the teaching objectives better, to stress the key points and break through the difficult points? The key is how to make use of the proper teaching methods, I’ll talk about my teaching methods
below.According to the modern perception theories and social intercourse teaching theories, I adopt the TSA method and TBLT method in my teaching, namely Total Situational Action and Task-based Language Teaching.They offer the Ss an opportunity to complete the tasks in which Ss use language to achieve a specific outcome.The activity reflects real life and learners focus on meaning, they are free to use any language they
want.At the same time, make use of the modern electricity teaching equipments and all kinds of teaching means, it can mobilize the Ss’ enthusiasm and creativity in learning English.Studying Methods: Let Ss study in a relaxed and agreeable atmosphere.Ss understand the new knowledge in certain degree through the mental process of seeing, hearing, saying, observing, imagining , thinking etc.And make preparation for completing the new study task.也就是说，为了更好地实现任务式教学和探究式教学，我采用了一下教学方
法：
1、速读法：根据高中英语教材侧重阅读理解这一特点，让学生快速阅读，以尽快了解文章的大意。
2、问答法：帮助学生理解文章的细节
3、翻译法：适当地运用翻译可帮助学生理解文章的难点
4、讨论法：通过Pair work.Group work.让学生都得到一次口语训练的机
会，教师应设计一些适当的话题。
5、快乐教学法：即教师在教学过程中，要尽可能地利用多媒体技术、图片、课件等刺激学生的感官系统，创造一种和谐的学习氛围，让老师教得开心，学生
学得开心。【本课时主要以听说教学为主线，以导学式模式培养学生的听力理解策略。以听力技能训练和口语表达训练为主线，贯穿听说读写综合技能的培养，针对学生听力理解障碍，在教学中遵循“循序渐进”的原则，进行知识的输入，技能的培养，和文化知识的渗透，良好学习策略的培养。本课时采用多媒体教学，给予学生更直观的感受，也加快了教学的节奏。课前教师要从网上下载一些相关的图
片和资料。】
TEACHING AIDS:（教学辅助手段）
Multi-media computer;OHP(overhead projector);tape recorder;software: Powerpoint or Authorware
Teaching Process: In order to realize the teaching process systematically, properly and efficiently, under the principle of “regard Ss as the corpus, the teacher inspires for predominance”, I divide the teaching process into six steps.Step1 Revision and lead-in Step2 Presentation and practice.It contains some small steps such as Listening ,Reading , Disoussion
etc.Step3 Task time.This step gives the students 5-8minutes to make a similar dialogue using the phrases and sentences learned in this passage and everyday life experience according to the given situation(show it on the screen using a multi-media computer).This step is employed to create a language environment for students’ communication in the class;If the students can finish this task well, they will benefit a lot in their spoken English.Step4 Consolidation and extension.Finish Exx 1 and 3 orally, left Ex 2 as written work.Ex.1 revises the Object Clause（宾语从句）.When transforming（变换）the structures, the students are required to pay attention to the change of t he verb tenses, personal pronouns and word order.Ex.2 is a revision of the Modal Verbs（情态动词）and some useful expressions.Let the Ss work in pairs and then check the answers with the
whole class.Step5 Homework 1.Do Ex 2 in the exercise books.This is used to make the students have a further understand of the modal verbs.2.Write a short passage about the dialogue learned.This is used to practise writing ability of the students.Step6 Blackboard Design.(Show on the CAI)在整个课程中，我的思路是这样的：教学之初，给学生呈现一些--------------图片，让学生首先从视觉的角度对要学习的内容有一个深刻的认识;在进入课文的学习之前，先粗略地复习上一节课所学的相关的词汇，要求学生用简单英语解释，但允许学生自主选择想解释的词汇。这样，既减少了学生的胆怯心理，又达到了运用语言的目的：通过对于本文的语言片段的学习，以及围绕着它所作的拓展训练，培养学生理解含有所学生词的句子和段落并获取信息，找出段落和文章的从属关系，培养学生对因果关系的判断分析能力，归纳分析能
力和表达能力。Anyway, the teaching of this lesson aims to develop not only the Ss' language technical abilities, but also the diverse intelligence by
integrated teaching methods.As teachers, to make our English classrooms shine with vitality, we are laid with heavy burden, and we still have long way to go.Above is the lecture notes of my lesson.Thank you!
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