实践周翻译

第一篇：实践周翻译

A-huge storm that collapsed part of a cliff on Israel’s central coast led to the discovery of a statue dating back to the Roman period, the Israel Antiquities Authority said Tuesday.The white marble statue of a woman ]is estimated to be 2,000 years old.It stands 1.2 meters tall, weighs about 200 kilograms and was found with no head or arms, according to a news release by the authority.A person walking on the shore at Ashkelon on the west coast of Jerusalem made the discovery, the authority said.The statue fell into the sea when the cliff collapsed as a result of the storm.The collapse also ruined a bath house and mosaics that had been in the cliff for many hundreds of years.The storm, one of the strongest Israel has experienced in recent years, brought winds of more than 100 kilometer per hour that sent 10-meter waves crashing into Israel’s coast.周二，以色列文物局表示，一场暴风雨使以色列中部海岸的悬崖坍塌，导致一座罗马时代的大理石雕塑落入海中。这个白色大理石女人雕像估计有2000年历史。据当局发布的消息，这座无头无手臂的女雕像高约1.2米，重约200公斤。有人在耶路撒冷西海岸的阿什凯龙海岸散步时发现了这座雕像。风暴使得悬崖坍塌从而导致雕像掉入海中。坍塌同样也摧毁了悬崖上一座有了数百年历史的澡堂和拼花工艺。这场风暴是以色列近年来遭受的最强风暴之一，它以每小时超过100公里的风速卷起10高的海浪冲击着以色列海岸。

Canadian police and military teams were working Tuesday afternoon to rescue about 300 people stranded after what a local official termed the most brutal storm to hit the Ontario region in 25 years.Some people had been stuck in their vehicles for more than 24 hours following blinding snow that piled up so high it made it almost impossible to open vehicle doors.Ontario Provincial Police initially reported about 360 vehicles and about 300 people had been stranded near Sarnia, Ontario, on Highway402-a major thoroughfare linking the U.S.-Canada border to London, Ontario.Some of those people have since been rescued, but Sarnia Mayor Mike Bradley said it could be another 24 hours before everyone is taken to safety.周二中午，加拿大警方和军队正在营救被一场安大略地区25年来最强风暴困住的约300名市民。一些人被困在汽车内已经超过了24个小时，随着大雪不断堆积，高高的积雪使得人们无法打开车门。安大略省警方最初公布约有360辆车和300人被滞留在安大略省萨尼亚附近的402高速公路-一条链接美加边境到伦敦，安大略省的高速公路。目前，已经营救出部分人员，但萨尼亚市市长迈克·布拉德利说，救出所有人还需一天时间。

A tough anti-smoking law has taken effect in Spain.The ban—one of the strictest in Europe— outlaws smoking in all bars and restaurants.Smokers will also be prohibited on television broadcasts, near hospitals or in school playgrounds.The law tightens anti-smoking restrictions introduced in 2006.The anti-smoking rules introduced in 2006 outlawed smoking only in the workplace, but let bar and restaurant owners choose whether or not to allow it.Most chose not to impose any ban.Only large restaurants and bars were obliged to provide a smoke-free area.Now, hotel, restaurant and bar owners have said they could face a 10% drop in trade with the new rules.The industry has already seen a sharp fall in sales due to Spain’s economic problems.But doctors argue the new legislation will help smokers give up.西班牙开始实行新的禁烟条令。这条禁令是欧洲最严厉的禁令之一，条例禁止了在所有的酒吧和餐厅吸烟。并且条例也禁止烟民在电视节目中，医院附近及学校附近的操场上吸烟。2006年，推出了收紧禁烟法律限制。06年出台的禁烟令仅仅只规定了在工作场所里不能吸烟。而酒吧和餐厅经营者则自行决定是否实行禁烟条令。大部分经营者选则不禁烟。只有大型餐厅和酒吧自愿提供免费吸烟区。而现在，酒店，餐馆和酒吧所有者称新的戒烟条令会导致营业额下降10%。由于西班牙的经济问题，行业销售额急剧下滑。但医生表示这一条例有助于人们戒烟。

Police in India have arrested a Citibank employee accused of cheating clients out of millions of dollars.Shivraj Puri, 32, who is expected to appear in court later, told an Indian newspaper he was innocent.The alleged fraud was discovered earlier this month in a branch of the global bank in Gurgaon, a wealthy suburb of Delhi.The bank has said investors were promised quick, high returns from a bogus financial scheme.It is alleged that Mr.Puri transferred the money into accounts controlled by three relatives.Mr.Puri reportedly handed himself in on Thursday, a day after police said he was wanted for questioning.The alleged fraud came to light earlier this month when a client mentioned the scheme to a senior bank manager.印度警方逮捕了一名涉嫌骗取客户百万美元的银行雇员。32岁的Shivraj Pierry在后来的庭审中对印度媒体宣称自己是无罪的。在本月早些时候这起诈骗案就已经被发现了，案发于一所位于新德里富裕区古尔加翁的国际银行分支。该银行表示，诈骗者以一份虚假的财务计划向客户承诺快速丰厚的回报。据悉Pierry先生其实把钱分别转存到了他三个亲戚的账户上。在警方发出通缉令后的第一天，pierry就去自首了。一位顾客将这名银行雇员的诈骗诡计告诉了高级经理之后，这一事件才被曝光。

Some Hotmail users are reporting that their e-mails are missing from their accounts.A number of people with Hotmail accounts have posted complaints on Microsoft forums complaining that their e-mails have been deleted.Users around the world said e-mails were missing from their inbox and other folders within their Hotmail accounts.A spokeswoman for Microsoft said that the issue of missing e-mails was not a widespread problem.By Sunday evening the issue was “fully resolved”, she said.The company apologized for any inconvenience.一些Hotmail用户向微软投诉他们的电子邮件丢失。许多Hotmail用户在微软论坛上抱怨他们的电子邮件被删除。世界各地的hotmail用户说他们邮箱中的邮件和其他文件夹丢失掉了。微软发言人说称这不是一个普遍问题，并称到周日晚问题已经完全得到妥善解决。,微软就由此问题造成的不便向用户表示歉意。

The number of North Americans who went to the cinema in 2010 was around 5% down on the 2009 total, figures show.Box office analysts forecast 1.35bn tickets will be sold by the end of the year, down on 1.42bn sold in 2009.It is the biggest year-on-year drop since 2005, making 2010 the second-lowest attended year of the decade.Yet box office revenues remained about the same at $10.6bn, due to increased ticket prices.Animated movie Toy Story 3 was the highest-grossing film of the year at the U.S.box office, earning nearly $415m.The Pixar sequel, like second highest-grossing title Alice in Wonderland, was one of several hit movies released in 3D.It is thought attendance figures in the U.S.and Canada will rise next year, when sequels to hit comedy The Hangover and Pirates of the Caribbean are released.据数据显示，2010年北美票房比2009年下跌了5%。票房分析师预测至今年年底将售出13.5亿张电影票,低于2009年售出的14.2亿张。这是2005年以来最大的同比降幅,使2010年成为了十年来第二个最低卖座年。然而,由于电影票价价格上涨，电影的票房收入也达到了一百零七亿美元。动画电影《玩具总动员3》是这年在美国最卖座的影片,收入近4.5亿美元。皮克斯的续集如《爱丽丝梦游仙境》放映的3 d大片之一是第二个最高票房冠军。人们认为随着明年喜剧《宿醉》和《加勒比海盗》的上档，票房还会继续增加。

Digital textbooks are transforming the way many students learn.All the Fairfax County Public Schools have begun using online course material for their middle-and high-school students.This school year, the schools shifted from hard cover to electronic textbooks for social studies in its middle and high schools.The switch came after digital books were used in 15 schools last year.“Our students come to us technologically ready to use resources from a variety of different places,” says Assistant Superintendent Peter Noonan.“The world is changing consistently.The online textbooks can change right along with the events that are happening.” There's a significant financial benefit as well.“Usually it is between $50 and $70 to buy a textbook for each student,” Noonan says, “which adds up to roughly $8 million for all of our students.We actually have purchased all of the online textbooks for our students for just under $6 million.” 电子教科书正在改变许多学生学习的方式。费尔法克斯县所有公立学校的初中和高中学生已经开始使用在线课程材料。这个学年,学校以初中和高中为试点，以电子教科书代替实体课本。去年转变完成后，已有15所学校使用电子教科书。“依靠这种技术学生可以使用来着不同地方的学习资源”监督助理彼得Noonan说。“世界在变化，而电子教科书也可以不断随时更新。” 使用电子教科书也会带来显著的经济利益。“通常给每个学生买教科书将花费50到70美元”

“这意味着所有学生在教科书上的花费约800万美元。实际上我们购买电子教科书后，我们只花了不到600万美元。”

A man was arrested on suspicion of attempting to carry explosives through a security checkpoint at an airport, authorities said.Trey Scott Atwater was taken into custody Saturday morning after Transportation Security Administration agents spotted what they described as a suspicious item.The item was in his carry-on during X-ray screening at a security checkpoint at the airport, an FBI spokesman said in a statement.Neither the FBI nor the TSA identified the explosives, though an airport spokeswoman said the items were “wrapped in military grade wrapping” and are in the possession of the police.At no time was there any danger to the people at the airport.The airport terminal was temporarily evacuated while authorities “conducted a sweep, and deemed all clear,” said a city spokeswoman.Atwater has been arrested on a federal count of attempting to get on an aircraft with an explosive.据报道，一名男子企图携带爆炸物品登机，在机场安检时被工作人员发现并将其逮捕。当美国运输安全管理局的工作人员发现可疑物品后，星期六早晨特雷斯科特·阿特沃特被拘留。联邦调查局的发言人说可疑物品是在他随身携带过机场X光安检时发现的。无论是联邦调查局还是运输安全管理局的工作人员都无法确定可疑物品是否是爆炸物品，虽然机场发言人表示，该可疑物品被“包裹在军用级包装” 里，并在警察的身上。机场内没有任何人员伤亡。发言人称“当局进行了扫描确认可疑物品时，机场进行了临时的人员疏散”。阿特沃特已被以企图携带爆炸物上飞机的罪名逮捕。

In Dakar, psychiatric patients attend regular art therapy classes to help treat mental disorders.The therapy can be a useful technique to complement traditional forms of psychotherapy.Psychiatrists in the Senegalese capital's main hospital see it as an essential part of the healing process.Art as psychotherapy is still relatively new in Senegal.Dr.Tabara Sylla, the hospital's chief psychiatrist, uses art therapy, medication and classical forms of psychotherapy in her practice, treating everything from chronic depression to alcohol abuse and schizophrenia.At first the project started as a way to keep patients busy in the afternoon, rather than have them sitting around smoking.It soon became clear that art was creating a communication bridge between patient and doctor.More and more now, she says, art workshops have become essential therapy---so much that she cannot imagine this psychiatric unit without them.在达喀尔，一些患有心理疾病的患者尝试使用艺术治疗法治疗疾病。该疗法可以成为弥补传统心理治疗形式的有效技术。在塞内加尔首都主要医院的精神科医生把它看作是治疗过程的重要组成部分。在塞内加尔，艺术心理治疗仍然是相对较新的治疗方法。Tabara西拉博士，医院的首席精神病专家，用艺术，药物和传统形式心理治疗相结合的方法治疗从慢性抑郁症酗酒到精神分裂等疾病。起初，该项目是为了让病人们忙碌起来，而不是让他们一下午都坐在角落里抽烟。很快，人们便意识到，艺术在病人和医生之间搭建起了沟通的桥梁。西拉说，现在，艺术疗法已成为必不可少的治疗方法，她无法想象没有这种疗法的话该怎么办。

The Federal Aviation Administration, or FAA, the government agency that regulates civil aviation in the United States, announced new rules this month to combat pilot fatigue.The new guidelines, which will go into effect in two years, call for reducing the number of pilots' on-duty hours and giving them a 10-hour rest period between shifts, so they can get at least 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep.The new rules apply to only pilots of passenger airlines.FAA determined that including pilots who fly cargo planes---a large segment of the aviation industry---would add too much to the cost of implementing the changes.But the Independent Pilots Association has filed a lawsuit asking the government to set one level of safety for all pilots.美国联邦航空管理局简称FAA，颁布新规防止飞行员疲劳驾驶。新规有效期为两年，要求减少飞行员的工作时间，将飞行员两次飞行之间的休息时长增加到10个小时，以保证他们能够有不被打扰的8小时睡眠，新规则仅适用于客运航空公司的飞行员。美国联邦航空局表示，新规不适用于占航空业大份的货运机飞行员，因为这会增加太多成本。但独立飞行员协会已经提起诉讼，要求政府对所有飞行员设立同一级别的安全标准。

The world will need to double food production within the next three decades in order to feed a rapidly growing and increasingly affluent population, which is projected to grow from 7 billion today to 9 billion.A United Nations report says reaching that goal will require major increases in intensive, high-efficiency livestock operations for both meat and dairy production.The report also says that intensive livestock operations can pose serious ecological risks.And that's why environmental critics are calling instead for reductions in global livestock production, and urging people to consume less, not more, meat in their diets.Feeding today's population is a challenge for an already-stressed environment.The challenge is how to ensure food without increasing animal numbers and having an impact on fragile lands and our resource bases.More than half of the agricultural land in the world is used to raise and feed livestock.Those farm animals are also responsible for 18 percent of the greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere every year.Experts agree that the next few decades will present a puzzle, how to feed nine billion people without wrecking the planet in the process.在未来30年内，为了养活数量极速增长，且越来越富的人口（预计从今天70亿增长到90亿），世界需要双倍的食物。联合国表示，为实现这一目标，人类将需要增加高效集约型家畜企业的肉类和奶制品生产。该报告还指出，密集型的家畜产品生产会给生态带来严重的威胁。这就是为什么要鼓励人们在日常饮食中少消耗肉类。喂养今天的人口对已经压力满满的环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。我们面临的挑战是如何确保食品供应而不增加动物数量，并不对脆弱的土地和资源基础产生影响。世界上超过一半的农用地是用来喂养牲畜的。这些农场的动物对温室气体的排放也负有一定的责任，它们排放的温室气体占到总量的18％。因此，在未来数十年里如何处理90亿人类生存和自然环境之间的矛盾依然是人类需要思考的问题。

第二篇：毕业论文翻译实践

本科毕业论文

所在学院 专业

名

称

申请学士学位所属学科 年

级

学生姓名、学号 指导教师姓名、职称 完成日

期

外国语学院 英 语 文学

二零一六年五月

Contents

Part One:

Part Two:

Part Three: Part Four:

The Translated Version The Original Story Reflections on the Translation Project Acknowledgments

译文

雾都孤儿

狄更斯 著

陈明茜 译

进一步讲述奥利弗在布朗罗先生家的情形，在布朗罗先生外出办事时，一位名叫格林维格的先生为他作了一番值得注意的预言。

布朗罗先生突然发出一声惊呼，奥利弗吓晕了过去，过了一会他醒了，在接下来的谈话中，老绅士和贝德温太太都十分谨慎，对画像避口不谈。也不谈论奥利弗德过去和未来，且谈论仅限于让他感到快乐的同时又不会刺激他为限。他仍然太虚弱，不能起床去吃饭，但第二天他下楼进入管家的房间，第一个举动就是将急切的目光投向那一面墙，希望能再次看到漂亮女士的面庞。他的期望破灭了，画像已经被摘走了。

“啊！”管家看着奥利弗眼睛看的方向说，“你瞧，没了。”

“我也发现不见了，夫人，”奥利弗回答，“他们干吗要把画像拿走呢？”

“是给摘下来了，孩子。因为布朗罗先生说了，它好像会使你挺难受似的，说不定会妨碍你身体复原，你是懂得的。”老妇人答道。

“噢，不，真的，一点也碍不着我，夫人，”奥利弗说，“我喜欢看，我可喜欢呢。”

“好啦，好啦！”老妇人相当幽默地说，“你尽你所能恢复好，宝贝儿，它就能重新挂起来了，在那儿！我向你保证！现在让我们谈点别的事情吧。”

此刻，奥利弗所能得到的关于肖像的情况就是这些了，因为老妇人在他生病期间对自己那样好，他便尝试着不再去想关于这个话题的事了。

他聚精会神地听她讲了许多故事，说她有一个既可爱又漂亮的女儿嫁了一位既可爱又漂亮的丈夫，女儿女婿都住在乡下。还有一个在西印度商人那做店员的儿子，他也是一个非常好的青年，很孝顺每年都会写四封信给家里。谈起那些信，泪水便涌上她的双眼。老妇人一五一十，说了半天儿女们的优点，此外还谈到他那体贴温柔的丈夫也有无数的优点，她丈夫已经去世了，真可怜啊！整整二十六年了。喝茶的时间到了。喝过茶，她开始教奥利弗玩纸牌，奥利弗学得快，一点也没让她费心。两人玩得

兴致勃勃，毫无倦意，一直玩到该给病人来上一点暖和的对水红葡萄酒外带一片烤面包的时候才罢手，接着他才心满意足地睡觉去了。

奥利弗恢复健康的那些日子是多么幸福啊，一切都是那么宁静，整洁，井井有条。每个人都那么和蔼可亲，他向来在喧嚣扰嚷中生活，在他看来，这似乎就是天堂。他刚恢复到能自己穿衣服，布朗罗先生便叫人替他买了一套新衣套装，一顶新帽子和一双新皮鞋。奥利弗得知他可以随意处置旧衣服，他把它们给了一个对他非常友善的仆人，并且让她把它们卖给个犹太人，钱留下自己花。这事她很快就办妥了，奥利弗从客厅窗户里望出去，看见那犹太人把旧衣服打成一卷，放进袋子走远了。他满心欢喜，心想这些东西总算妥善处理了，自己现在不可能再有得重新穿上它们的危险。说实话，它们是烂得不成样子的破衣服，奥利弗在此之前从来没有一套新套装。

一天晚上，大约是画像事件之后的一个礼拜，他正坐着和贝德温夫人说话，从布朗罗先生那来了消息，如果奥利弗·忒斯特精神很好的话，他希望能在他的书房见见他并且和他谈谈。

“哎哟，真没办法，你洗洗手，我帮你梳一个漂亮的分头，孩子。”贝德温夫人说，“真要命，早知道他要请你去，我们该给你戴一条干净的领子，把你打扮得跟六便士钱币一样漂亮。”

奥利弗照老妇人的要求的做了，尽管她一个劲惋惜，可已经来不及给他的衬衫领子压褶饰了。尽管少了这样重要的一大优势，他的模样还是十分清秀，招人喜欢。老妇人十分满意，一边将他从头打量到脚，一边说道：哪怕是早就接到通知，恐怕也没办法将他打扮得更精神了。

凭着老妇人这番话的鼓励，奥利弗敲了敲书房门。听到布朗罗先生叫他进去，他便进去了，他发现这一间小小的里屋整个就是一座书城，屋里有一扇窗户能看见几个精美的花圃。临窗放着一张桌子，布朗罗先生正坐在桌前看书。一见到奥利弗，他把书推到一边，叫他靠近桌旁坐下来。奥利弗照办了，心里感到挺纳闷，不知道去什么地方才找到要读这么多书的人。这些书好像是为了让全世界的人都变得聪明一些才写出来的。这一点在许多比奥利弗·忒斯特更有见识的人看来，也依然是他们日常生活中一桩不可思议的事情。

“书可真多不是吗，我的孩子？”布朗罗先生观察到奥利弗带着好奇心打量着书架，从地板垒到天花板上。

“相当多，先生。”奥利弗答道，“我从没见过这么多书。”

“如果你表现好的话，你可以读它们。”老绅士和蔼地说，“你会很喜欢它们，而不光是看看外表这样，在某些情况下，因为有些书的精华仅仅是书的封底封面。”

“我想准是那些厚的书，先生。”奥利弗说，指了指几本封面烫金的四开本大书。

“那倒不一定，”老绅士说，他笑着拍了拍奥利弗的头，“还有一些同样也是大厚书，尽管篇幅要小的多。怎么样，想不想长大了做个聪明人也写书，嗯？”

“我想我更愿意阅读它们，先生。”奥利弗答道。

“什么！你不想成为一个作家吗？”老绅士说。

奥利弗考虑了一会儿，最后说，他认为成为一个读书人更好；以上回答让老绅士由衷地笑了，并说他讲了一件妙不可言的事。奥利弗非常高兴，尽管他一点也不知道这句话妙在那里。

“好啦，好啦，”老绅士平静下来说道，“你别怕，我们不把你培养成一个作家就是了，只要是正当的手艺都可以学，或者改学制砖。”

“谢谢您，先生。”奥利弗说，他答话时真挚态度引得老绅士再一次笑了，并且说了一些关于奇怪的直觉的事。奥利弗没听懂，也没太在意。

“现在，”布朗罗先生尽量说得温和一些，然而在这一时刻，他的脸色仍然比奥利弗一向所熟悉的要严肃的多。“孩子，我希望你认认真真听我说下边的话。我要和你开城布公地谈一谈，因为我确信你能够理解我的意思，就像许多年纪稍长的人一样。”

“噢，不要告诉我你要把我送走，先生，求您了！”奥利弗惊叫起来。他被老绅士刚开始严肃的口吻吓到了。“不要把我赶出去，叫我又到街上去流浪。

让我留在这吧，当个仆人。不要把我送回原来那个鬼地方去，可怜可怜一个苦命的孩子吧，先生！”

“亲爱的孩子，”老绅士说，他被奥利弗突如其来的激奋感动了。“你不需要担心我抛弃你，除非你给我个理由。”

“我永远，永远不会了，先生，”奥利弗抢着说。

“但愿如此，”老绅士再次答道，“我不相信你会那样做，我以前被我尝试去帮助的对象欺骗过；不管怎样，我依然由衷地信任你。我自己都说不清为什么这样关心你。我曾倾注满腔爱心的那些人已经长眠于黄泉之下，我平生的幸福与欢乐也埋在了那里。不过从内心感情来说，我还没把我的心做成一口棺材永远封闭起来，切肤之痛只是使这种感情越发强烈与纯净罢了。”

老先生娓娓而谈，与其说是对那位小伙伴讲的，不如说是说给他自己听的。随后，他稍微顿了一下，奥利弗仍安静的坐着。

“好了，好了！”老绅士最后用欢快的语调说，“我说这些，是因为你有一颗年轻的心。要是你知道我曾遭受过巨大的疼痛与伤心，你就会更小心，或许不会再伤我一次了。你说你是个孤儿，在世上没有一个朋友。我多方打听的结果都证实了这一点。让我听听你的故事；你从哪里来，谁把你养大，你怎么进入我找到你的那个团伙的。说真的，在我有生之年你不会无依无靠的。”

奥利弗哽咽起来，好一会说不出话。他刚要开始讲述自己如何在农场里长大，布鲁斯又如何把他带到济贫院去的，大门口却响起来了颇不耐烦的敲门声。仆人跑上楼来报告说，格林维格先生来了。

“他上楼来了？”布朗罗先生问道。

“是的，先生，”仆人答道，“他问家里有没有英格兰松饼。我告诉他有，他说他是来喝茶的。”

布朗罗先生笑着转向奥利弗说，格林维格是他的一个老朋友，切不可对他的举止稍有些粗鲁而耿耿于怀，因为他骨子里是个值得尊敬的人，他这样说是有根据的。

“我要下楼去吗，先生？”奥利弗问道。

“不用，”布朗罗先生答道，“我更希望你待在这儿。”

这时，有人拄着粗拐杖进来了。他是一位肥胖的老绅士，一条腿有点跛。他穿着蓝色大衣，条纹马夹，淡黄色棉布马裤和长筒靴，头戴宽边且周边凸起绿边的白色礼帽。衬衫领褶从马夹里露出来，下边晃荡着一条长长的怀表钢链，表链末端只有一把钥匙在底下挂着。他白色围巾的尾端缠绕成一个桔子大小的球。他扭动面部，脸上做出各种表情，很难形容。当他说话的时候他的头习惯拧向一边，与此同时他的眼睛打眼角里往外看，使人看见他就不自觉地联想到鹦鹉。他一进来就定在那里，摆出那种

姿势，手臂伸得长长的，拿出一小块桔子皮，忿忿不平地吼起来。

“瞧瞧，看见这个了吗？真是邪门，我每次去拜访一户人家都要在楼梯上发现这个东西，莫非是那个穷大夫的朋友干的？我已经让桔子皮拌瘸过一次，桔子皮总有一天会要了我的命，如果不是的话，我把自己的脑袋吃下去我也心甘情愿，老兄。”

格林维格先生最后夸下了一句海口。他每次提出一种主张几乎都要用这句作后盾。以他的具体情况而言这一点就更不可思议了，因为即使是为了作出这种论证，承认科学上可能出现的种种进步已经到了一位绅士能够在本人有这种意愿时吃下自己脑袋的程度。但格林维格的头是相当大的，就是世间最自信的人也不敢指望一顿把它吃下去，而且完全不考虑上边还抹着一层厚厚的发粉。

“我会把我的头吃下去，先生。”格林维格先生重复了一句，一边用手杖敲了敲地板。“喂！那是谁！”他打量着奥利弗，向后退了两步。

“这是小奥利弗·忒斯特，我们上次说到的人就是他。”布朗罗先生说，奥利弗鞠了一躬。

“我希望你说的不是那个发烧的男孩吧。”格林维格说着又往后退了一点。“等一下，不要说话，停——”格林维格先生继续说道。突然间，他又有了新发现，把发烧的疑惧抛到了脑后。

“他就是吃桔子的那个男孩。如果不是这个孩子吃了桔子，又把这一片桔子皮扔在楼梯上的话，老兄，我可以把我的脑袋连同他的一块吃掉。”

“不，不，他没吃过桔子，”布朗罗先生笑道，“来，摘下你的帽子，和我的小朋友聊聊。”

“我对这个问题很有感触，老兄。”这位易动怒的老绅士一边脱掉手套一边说。“我们这条街总是有或多或少的几片桔子皮，我知道是在拐角上那个外科大夫的孩子丢在那的。昨晚，一个年轻的女人就在那上边滑了一跤，撞在我花园的围栏上。她一爬起来，我看见她一个劲地往他那盏该死的红灯上瞅。‘你别到他那去’，我向窗外大声喊，‘他就是凶手，人为的陷阱！’所以他是，如果他不是——’这位性情暴躁的老绅士用手杖重重地敲了一下。朋友们向来就明白这个意思，每当词不达意时，他就会把这句口头禅搬出来。随后他依然握着手杖，坐下来并打开一副用黑色宽带子挂

在身上的眼镜，看了奥利弗一眼。奥利弗见自己成了审查的对象，脸唰地一下红了，又鞠了一躬。

“他就是那个男孩，是吗？”格林维格先生终于问道。

“就是他，”布朗罗先生说。“你还好吗，孩子？”格林维格先生说。

“好多了，谢谢你，先生。”奥利弗答道。

布朗罗先生似乎看出他脾气古怪的朋友要说一些不友善的话，就让奥利弗下楼并告诉贝德温夫人他们准备用茶。奥利弗一点也不喜欢来客的态度，便高兴地下楼去了。

“他长得不错，不是吗？”布朗罗先生问道。“我不知道。”格林维格先生想要发火了。“不知道？”“是，我不知道。我从来看不出小孩子有什么两样。我只知道两类孩子，一类是粉脸，一类是肉脸。”

“奥利弗是哪一类？” “粉脸。我认识一个朋友，他儿子就属于肉脸。他们管他叫好孩子。他有圆圆的脑袋，红红的脸蛋，明亮的眼睛，可压根儿就是可恶的孩子。身体和四肢肥硕到把他蓝衣服的线都撑开了，有着飞行员的声音和狼一样的胃口，我知道他，这个坏蛋。”

“哎呀，”布朗罗先生说，“这都不是奥利弗·忒斯特的特点，所以他不至于激起你的愤怒。

“是不是那个样子”格林维格先生回答道，“他也许更差劲。” 布朗罗先生不耐烦地咳嗽起来，格林维格先生却感到有说不出的欣慰。

“我说他可能更差劲，”格林维格先生重复着。“他从哪里来，他是谁，他是干什么的？他发过烧，那又怎样？不仅仅是好人才发烧，不是吗？坏人有时也会发烧；不是吗？恩？我知道牙买加有一个人因为谋杀他的主人而被绞死了，他发过六次烧。在这件事上他不值得同情，哼！胡说八道！”

现在，事实是，在他自己心里最深的隐蔽处，格林维格很想承认奥利弗的仪表举止都非常讨人喜欢。可是他生来喜欢抬杠，这次因为拾到那片桔子皮，就更要抬抬杠了。他暗自决定，谁也别想对自己发号施令。说一个孩子是否好看，从一开始他就跟自己的朋友过过招。布朗罗先生承认，到目前为止没有一个问题他给出令人满意的答案。并且他已经把调查奥利弗以往经历的事搁在一边，等到他认为孩子经受得住的时

候再说，格林维格冷笑一声。他不无嘲讽地问管家有没有在夜间清点餐具的习惯。因为如果她在某个阳光明媚的早晨没有发现丢了一两把汤匙的话，他宁愿说说。

尽管布朗罗先生自己在某种程度上也是个冲动的绅士，可他知道他朋友的怪脾气，对这一切他还是带着少有的好兴致照单全收。在喝茶的时候格林维格先生亲切高兴地表达了他对英格兰松饼的赞赏，气氛十分融洽。奥利弗也在座，他逐渐感到自己不像刚见到这位凶巴巴的老绅士时那样紧张了。

“你什么时候才能原原本本详详细细地听到有关奥利弗生活遭遇的故事呢？”吃过茶点，他斜着眼盯住奥利弗，重新提起了这件事。

“明天早晨，”布朗罗先生答道。“到时候我更愿意他独自跟我在一块。明天十点来找我，亲爱的。”“好的，先生，”奥利弗答道。他答得有些迟疑，因为很疑惑格林维格先生看他的眼神为什么那么冷峻。

“我要告诉你点事，”老绅士对布朗罗先生耳语说，“他明早不会来找你，我看见他犹豫了，他在骗你，我的好朋友。”

“我发誓他没有，”布朗罗先生温和地答道。

“如果他没有，”格林维格先生说，“我将——”他把手杖放下了。“我将用我的生命担保孩子很诚实！”布朗罗先生敲着桌子说。

“我敢拿我的脑袋担保他会说谎！”格林维格先生也敲着桌子再次应声答道。“我们走着瞧，”布朗罗先生压住火说。“走着瞧，”格林维格先生带着一种气人的微笑说着，“走着瞧。”

真好像命中注定似的，贝德温夫人恰好在这时拿着一包书进来了，这是布朗罗先生那天早上从那位书摊掌柜那里买的，他在前面的故事中出现过。她把书放在桌子上准备离开房间。

“让那个送书的男孩等一下，贝德温夫人！”布朗罗先生说，还有东西要他带回去。”

“他已经走了，先生。”贝德温夫人答道。

“叫他回来，”布朗罗先生说，“这人也真是的，他是个穷人，这些书还没付钱，这还有几本书也要送回去。”

大门开了，奥利弗和女仆分两路追了出去。贝德温夫人站在台阶上，大声呼喊送

书来的男孩，但男孩已将不见了影儿。奥利弗和女仆气喘吁吁地回来了，回报说不知道他跑哪去了。

“啧啧，我感到非常抱歉，”布朗罗先生惊呼道，“我特别希望那些书今晚能还回去。”

“把这些书给奥利弗，”格林维格先生讽刺地笑着，“他一定能把它们安全送到，你知道的。”

“是啊，如果你愿意的话啊，让我把它们送去，先生，”奥利佛说。“我会跑着去的，先生。”

那个老绅士刚要说任何情况下奥利佛都不应该出去，格林维格带有敌意地咳嗽了一声，这迫使他决定让奥利佛跑一趟，由他迅速办完这档子事，自己就可以向维格先生证明，他的猜疑在这一点上至少是不公正的，而且可以立刻证明。

“你可以去，我亲爱的，”老绅士说，“书放在桌子旁边的椅子上，把它们拿下来。”

奥利佛非常高兴自己能有用处。在慌乱中拿下来书夹在胳膊底下，手里拿着帽子，听候吩咐。

“你这样说，”布朗罗先生目不转睛地看着格林维格先生：“你就说你把那些书送回来了，并且你要支付我欠他的四镑十先令。这是一张五镑的钞票，所以你应该给我带回十先令的零钱。”

“用不了十分钟我就回来，先生，”奥利弗热切地说。他把钞票放在夹克的口袋里并小心翼翼地把书夹在胳膊下。他有礼貌地鞠了一躬，离开了房间。贝德温夫人跟着他到了大门口，给了他不少嘱咐——最近的路怎么走啦，书摊老板的姓名啦，街道名称啦。奥利弗说他一切都清楚了。老妇人又添上许多训诫，路上当心，别着凉，这才准许他离开。

“保佑他可爱的面庞！”老妇人目送他到门外。“不管怎么说我不能忍受他走出我的视线。此刻，奥利弗快乐地向四周张望。他在转角的地方朝老妇人点点头。老妇人笑呵呵地还了礼，关上门走回她自己的房间。

“我看最多二十分钟他就会回来，”布朗罗先生拿出他的表放在桌子上。“那时天就黑了。”

“哇！你还真以为他能回来？”格林维格先生问。“你不这样看？”布朗罗先生笑着反问道。

格林维格先生心里的矛盾很强烈。此刻他因为朋友自信的笑容，更来劲了。“是的，”他用拳头猛捶桌子说道，“我认为，这男孩有新套装穿在身上，一摞值钱的书夹在胳膊底下，还有五镑的钞票在他手里，他将会回到那窝贼朋友那嘲笑你！如果那个男孩返回这座房子，先生，我就把自己的脑袋吃下去。”

他说罢这番话，把椅子拉的离桌子近了一些。两个朋友一言不发地坐在那里，表放在他俩之间。

为了举例说明我们对自身做出的判断有多么看重，做出一些极为鲁莽轻率的结论时又是多么自负，有一点很值得注意，那就是尽管格林维格先生绝对不是心术不正的坏蛋，看着自己尊重的朋友上当受骗，他会真心诚意地感到难过。在这一刻，他却由衷而强烈地希望奥利弗不要回来。

天渐渐黑了，连表上的数字也几乎看不清了，但两个老绅士依然默不作声地坐在那儿，表放在他俩中间。

原文

Oliver Twist

Charles Dickens

.Comprising Further Particulars of Oliver’s Stay at Mr.Brownkow’s, with the Remarkable Prediction Which One Mr.Grimwig Uttered Concerning Him, When He Went out on an Errand.Oliver soon recovering from the fainting-fit into which Mr.Brownlow's abrupt exclamation had thrown him, the subject of the picture was carefully avoided, both by the old gentleman and Mrs.Bedwin, in the conversation that ensued: which indeed bore no reference to Oliver's history or prospects, but was confined to such topics as might amuse without exciting him.He was still too weak to get up to breakfast;but, when he came down into the housekeeper's room next day, his first act was to cast an eager glance at the wall, in the hope of again looking on the face of the beautiful lady.His expectations were disappointed, however, for the picture had been removed.'Ah!' said the housekeeper, watching the direction of Oliver's eyes.'It is gone, you see.'

'I see it is ma'am,' replied Oliver.'Why have they taken it away?'

'It has been taken down, child, because Mr.Brownlow said, that as it seemed to worry you, perhaps it might prevent you getting well, you know,' rejoined the old lady.'Oh, not indeed.It didn't worry me, ma'am,' said Oliver.'I liked to see it.I quite loved it.'

'Well, well!' said the old lady, good-humouredly;'you get well as fast as ever you can, dear, and it shall be hung up again.There!I promise you that!Now, let us talk about something else.' This was all the information Oliver could obtain about the picture at that time.As the old lady had been so kind to him in his illness, he endeavoured to think no more of the subject just then;so he listened attentively to a great many stories she told him, about an amiable and handsome daughter of hers, who was married to an amiable and handsome man, and lived in the country;and about a son, who was clerk to a merchant in the West

Indies;and who was, also, such a good young man, and wrote such dutiful letters home four times a year, that it brought the tears into her eyes to talk about them.When the old lady had expatiated, a long time, on the excellences of her children, and the merits of her kind good husband besides, who had been dead and gone, poor dear soul!just six-and-twenty years, it was time to have tea.After tea she began to teach Oliver cribbage: which he learnt as quickly as she could teach: and at which game they played, with great interest and gravity, until it was time for the invalid to have some warm wine and water, with a slice of dry toast, and then to go cosily to bed.They were happy days, those of Oliver's recovery.Everything was so quiet, and neat, and orderly;everybody so kind and gentle;that after the noise and turbulence in the midst of which he had always lived, it seemed like Heaven itself.He was no sooner strong enough to put his clothes on, properly, than Mr.Brownlow caused a complete new suit, and a new cap, and a new pair of shoes, to be provided for him.As Oliver was told that he might do what he liked with the old clothes, he gave them to a servant who had been very kind to him, and asked her to sell them to a Jew, and keep the money for herself.This she very readily did;and, as Oliver looked out of the parlour window, and saw the Jew roll them up in his bag and walk away, he felt quite delighted to think that they were safely gone, and that there was now no possible danger of his ever being able to wear them again.They were sad rags, to tell the truth;and Oliver had never had a new suit before.One evening, about a week after the affair of the picture, as he was sitting talking to Mrs.Bedwin, there came a message down from Mr.Brownlow, that if Oliver Twist felt pretty well, he should like to see him in his study, and talk to him a little while.'Bless us, and save us!Wash your hands, and let me part your hair nicely for you, child,' said Mrs.Bedwin.'Dear heart alive!If we had known he would have asked for you, we would have put you a clean collar on, and made you as smart as sixpence!'

Oliver did as the old lady bade him;and, although she lamented grievously, meanwhile, that there was not even time to crimp the little frill that bordered his shirt-collar;he looked so delicate and handsome, despite that important personal advantage, that she went so far as to say: looking at him with great complacency from head to foot, that she really didn't think it would have been possible, on the longest notice, to have made much difference in him for the better.Thus encouraged, Oliver tapped at the study door.On Mr.Brownlow calling to him to come in, he found himself in a little back room, quite full of books, with a window, looking into some pleasant little gardens.There was a table drawn up before the window, at which Mr.Brownlow was seated reading.When he saw Oliver, he pushed the book away from him, and told him to come near the table, and sit down.Oliver complied;marvelling where the people could be found to read such a great number of books as seemed to be written to make the world wiser.Which is still a marvel to more experienced people than Oliver Twist,every day of their lives.'There are a good many books, are there not, my boy?' said Mr.Brownlow, observing the curiosity with which Oliver surveyed the shelves that reached from the floor to the ceiling.'A great number, sir,' replied Oliver.'I never saw so many.'

'You shall read them, if you behave well,' said the old gentleman kindly;'and you will like that, better than looking at the outsides,that is, some cases;because there are books of which the backs and covers are by far the best parts.' 'I suppose they are those heavy ones, sir,' said Oliver, pointing to some large quartos, with a good deal of gilding about the binding.'Not always those,' said the old gentleman, patting Oliver on the head, and smiling as he did so;'there are other equally heavy ones, though of a much smaller size.How should you like to grow up a clever man, and write books, eh?'

'I think I would rather read them, sir,' replied Oliver.'What!wouldn't you like to be a book-writer?' said the old gentleman.Oliver considered a little while;and at last said, he should think it would be a much better thing to be a book-seller;upon which the old gentleman laughed heartily, and declared he had said a very good thing.Which Oliver felt glad to have done, though he by no means knew what it was.'Well, well,' said the old gentleman, composing his features.'Don't be afraid!We won't make an author of you, while there's an honest trade to be learnt, or brick-making to turn to.'

'Thank you, sir,' said Oliver.At the earnest manner of his reply, the old gentleman laughed again;and said something about a curious instinct, which Oliver, not understanding, paid no very great attention to.'Now,' said Mr.Brownlow, speaking if possible in a kinder, but at the same time in a much more serious manner, than Oliver had ever known him assume yet, 'I want you to pay great attention, my boy, to what I am going to say.I shall talk to you without any reserve;because I am sure you are well able to understand me, as many older persons would be.'

'Oh, don't tell you are going to send me away, sir, pray!' exclaimed Oliver, alarmed at the serious tone of the old gentleman's commencement!'Don't turn me out of doors to wander in the streets again.Let me stay here, and be a servant.Don't send me back to the wretched place I came from.Have mercy upon a poor boy, sir!'

'My dear child,' said the old gentleman, moved by the warmth of Oliver's sudden appeal;'you need not be afraid of my deserting you, unless you give me cause.'

'I never , never will, sir,' interposed Oliver.'I hope not,' rejoined the old gentleman.'I do not think you ever will.I have been deceived, before, in the objects whom I have endeavoured to benefit;but I feel strongly disposed to trust you, nevertheless;and I am more interested in your behalf than I can well account for, even to myself.The persons on whom I have bestowed my dearest love, lie deep in their graves;but, although the happiness and delight of my life lie buried there too, I have not made a coffin of my heart, and sealed it up, forever, on my best affections.Deep affliction has but strengthened and refined them.'

As the old gentleman said this in a low voice: more to himself than to his companion: and as he remained silent for a short time afterwards: Oliver sat quite still.'Well, well!' said the old gentleman at length, in a more cheerful tone, 'I only say this, because you have a young heart;and knowing that I have suffered great pain and sorrow, you will be more careful, perhaps, not to wound me again.You say you are an orphan, without a friend in the world;all the inquiries I have been able to make, confirm the statement.Let me hear your story;where you come from;who brought you up;and how you got into the company in which I found you.Speak the truth, and you shall not be friendless while I live.'

Oliver's sobs checked his utterance for some minutes;when he was on the point of beginning to relate how he had been brought up at the farm, and carried to the workhouse by Mr.Bumble, a peculiarly impatient little double-knock was heard at the street-door: and the servant, running upstairs, announced Mr.Grimwig.'Is he coming up?' inquired Mr.Brownlow.'Yes, sir,' replied the servant.'He asked if there were any muffins in the house;and, when I told him yes, he said he had come to tea.'

Mr.Brownlow smiled;and, turning to Oliver, said that Mr.Grimwig was an old friend of his, and he must not mind his being a little rough in his manners;for he was a worthy creature at bottom, as he had reason to know.'Shall I go downstairs, sir?' inquired Oliver.'No,' replied Mr.Brownlow, 'I would rather you remained here.'

At this moment, there walked into the room: supporting himself by a thick stick: a stout old gentleman, rather lame in one leg, who was dressed in a blue coat, striped waistcoat, nankeen breeches and gaiters, and a broad-brimmed white hat, with the sides turned up with green.A very small-plaited shirt frill stuck out from his waistcoat;and a very long steel watch-chain, with nothing but a key at the end, dangled loosely below it.The ends of his white neckerchief were twisted into a ball about the size of an orange;the variety of shapes into which his countenance was twisted, defy description.He had a manner of screwing his head on one side when he spoke;and of looking out of the corners of his eyes at the same time: which irresistibly reminded the beholder of a parrot.In this attitude, he fixed himself, the moment he made his appearance;and, holding out a small piece of orange-peel at arm's length, exclaimed, in a growling, discontented voice.'Look here!do you see this!Isn't it a most wonderful and extraordinary thing that I can't call at a man's house but I find a piece of this poor surgeon's friend on the staircase? I've been lamed with orange-peel once, and I know orange-peel will be my death, or I'll be content to eat my own head, sir!'

This was the handsome offer with which Mr.Grimwig backed and confirmed nearly every assertion he made;and it was the more singular in his case, because, even admitting for the sake of argument, the possibility of scientific improvements being brought to that pass which will enable a gentleman to eat his own head in the event of his being so disposed, Mr.Grimwig's head was such a particularly large one, that the most sanguine man alive could hardly entertain a hope of being able to get through it at a sitting--to put entirely out of the question, a very thick coating of powder.'I'll eat my head, sir,' repeated Mr.Grimwig, striking his stick upon the ground.'Hallo!what's that!' looking at Oliver, and retreating a pace or two.'This is young Oliver Twist, whom we were speaking about,' said Mr.Brownlow.Oliver bowed.'You don't mean to say that's the boy who had the fever, I hope?' said Mr.Grimwig, recoiling a little more.'Wait a minute!Don't speak!Stop--' continued Mr.Grimwig, abruptly, losing all dread of the fever in his triumph at the discovery;'that's the boy who had the orange!If that's not the boy, sir, who had the orange, and threw this bit of peel upon the staircase, I'll eat my head, and his too.'

'No, no, he has not had one,' said Mr.Brownlow, laughing.'Come!Put down your hat;and speak to my young friend.'

'I feel strongly on this subject, sir,' said the irritable old gentleman, drawing off his gloves.'There's always more or less orange-peel on the pavement in our street;and I know it's put there by the surgeon's boy at the corner.A young woman stumbled over a bit last night, and fell against my garden-railings;directly she got up I saw her look towards his infernal red lamp with the pantomime-light.“Don't go to him,” I called out of the window, “he's an assassin!A man-trap!” So he is.If he is not--' Here the irascible old gentleman gave a great knock on the ground with his stick;which was always understood, by his friends, to imply the customary offer, whenever it was not expressed in words.Then, still keeping his stick in his hand, he sat down;and, opening a double eye-glass, which he wore attached to a broad black riband, took a view of Oliver: who, seeing that he was the object of inspection, coloured, and bowed again.'That's the boy, is it?' said Mr.Grimwig, at length.'That's the boy,' replied Mr.Brownlow.'How are you, boy?' said Mr.Grimwig.'A great deal better, thank you, sir,' replied Oliver.Mr.Brownlow, seeming to apprehend that his singular friend was about to say something disagreeable, asked Oliver to step downstairs and tell Mrs.Bedwin they were ready for tea;which, as he did not half like the visitor's manner, he was very happy to do.'He is a nice-looking boy, is he not?' inquired Mr.Brownlow.'I don't know,' replied Mr.Grimwig, pettishly.'Don't know?'

'No.I don't know.I never see any difference in boys.I only knew two sort of boys.Mealy boys, and beef-faced boys.'

'And which is Oliver?'

'Mealy.I know a friend who has a beef-faced boy;a fine boy, they call him;with a round head, and red cheeks, and glaring eyes;a horrid boy;with a body and limbs that appear to be swelling out of the seams of his blue clothes;with the voice of a pilot, and the appetite of a wolf.I know him!The wretch!'

'Come,' said Mr.Brownlow, 'these are not the characteristics of young Oliver Twist;so he needn't excite your wrath.'

'They are not,' replied Mr.Grimwig.'He may have worse.'

Here, Mr.Brownlow coughed impatiently;which appeared to afford Mr.Grimwig the most exquisite delight.'He may have worse, I say,' repeated Mr.Grimwig.'Where does he come from!Who is he? What is he? He has had a fever.What of that? Fevers are not peculiar to good people;are they? Bad people have fevers sometimes;haven't they, eh? I knew a man who was hung in Jamaica for murdering his master.He had had a fever six times;he wasn't recommended to mercy on that account.Pooh!nonsense!'

Now, the fact was, that in the inmost recesses of his own heart, Mr.Grimwig was strongly disposed to admit that Oliver's appearance and manner were unusually prepossessing;but he had a strong appetite for contradiction, sharpened on this occasion by the finding of the orange-peel;and, inwardly determining that no man should dictate to him whether a boy was well-looking or not, he had resolved, from the first, to oppose his friend.When Mr.Brownlow admitted that on no one point of inquiry could he yet return a satisfactory answer;and that he had postponed any investigation into Oliver's previous history until he thought the boy was strong enough to hear it;Mr.Grimwig chuckled maliciously.And he demanded, with a sneer, whether the housekeeper was in the habit of counting the plate at night;because if she didn't find a table-spoon or two missing some sunshiny morning, why, he would be content to--and so forth.All this, Mr.Brownlow, although himself somewhat of an impetuous gentleman: knowing his friend's peculiarities, bore with great good humour;as Mr.Grimwig, at tea, was graciously pleased to express his entire approval of the muffins, matters went on very smoothly;and Oliver, who made one of the party, began to feel more at his ease than he had yet done in the fierce old gentleman's presence.'And when are you going to hear a full, true, and particular account of the life and adventures of Oliver Twist?' asked Grimwig of Mr.Brownlow, at the conclusion of the meal;looking sideways at Oliver, as he resumed his subject.'Tomorrow morning,' replied Mr.Brownlow.'I would rather he was alone with me at the time.Come up to me to-morrow morning at ten o'clock, my dear.'

'Yes, sir,' replied Oliver.He answered with some hesitation, because he was confused by Mr.Grimwig's looking so hard at him.'I'll tell you what,' whispered that gentleman to Mr.Brownlow;'he won't come up to you to-morrow morning.I saw him hesitate.He is deceiving you, my good friend.'

'I'll swear he is not,' replied Mr.Brownlow, warmly.'If he is not,' said Mr.Grimwig, 'I'll--' and down went the stick.'I'll answer for that boy's truth with my life!' said Mr.Brownlow, knocking the table.'And I for his falsehood with my head!' rejoined Mr.Grimwig, knocking the table also.'We shall see,' said Mr.Brownlow, checking his rising anger.'We will,' replied Mr.Grimwig, with a provoking smile;'we will.'

As fate would have it, Mrs.Bedwin chanced to bring in, at this moment, a small parcel of books, which Mr.Brownlow had that morning purchased of the identical bookstall-keeper, who has already figured in this history;having laid them on the table, she prepared to leave the room.'Stop the boy, Mrs.Bedwin!' said Mr.Brownlow;'there is something to go back.'

'He has gone, sir,' replied Mrs.Bedwin.'Call after him,' said Mr.Brownlow;'it's particular.He is a poor man, and they are not paid for.There are some books to be taken back, too.'

The street-door was opened.Oliver ran one way;and the girl ran another;and Mrs.Bedwin stood on the step and screamed for the boy;but there was no boy in sight.Oliver and the girl returned, in a breathless state, to report that there were no tidings of him.'Dear me, I am very sorry for that,' exclaimed Mr.Brownlow;'I particularly wished those books to be returned to-night.'

'Send Oliver with them,' said Mr.Grimwig, with an ironical smile;'he will be sure to deliver them safely, you know.'

'Yes;do let me take them, if you please, sir,' said Oliver.'I'll run all the way, sir.'

The old gentleman was just going to say that Oliver should not go out on any account;when a most malicious cough from Mr.Grimwig determined him that he should;and that, by his prompt discharge of the commission, he should prove to him the injustice of his suspicions: on this head at least: at once.'You SHALL go, my dear,' said the old gentleman.'The books are on a chair by my table.Fetch them down.'

Oliver, delighted to be of use, brought down the books under his arm in a great bustle;and waited, cap in hand, to hear what message he was to take.'You are to say,' said Mr.Brownlow, glancing steadily at Grimwig;'you are to say that you have brought those books back;and that you have come to pay the four pound ten I owe him.This is a five-pound note, so you will have to bring me back, ten shillings change.'

'I won't be ten minutes, sir,' said Oliver, eagerly.Having buttoned up the bank-note in his jacket pocket, and placed the books carefully under his arm, he made a respectful bow, and left the room.Mrs.Bedwin followed him to the street-door, giving him many directions about the nearest way, and the name of the bookseller, and the name of the street: all of which Oliver said he clearly understood.Having superadded many injunctions to be sure and not take cold, the old lady at length permitted him to depart.'Bless his sweet face!' said the old lady, looking after him.'I can't bear, somehow, to let him go out of my sight.' At this moment, Oliver looked gaily round, and nodded before he turned the corner.The old lady smilingly returned his salutation, and, closing the door, went back to her own room.'Let me see;he'll be back in twenty minutes, at the longest,' said Mr.Brownlow, pulling out his watch, and placing it on the table.'It will be dark by that time.' 'Oh!you really expect him to come back, do you?' inquired Mr.Grimwig.'Don't you?' asked Mr.Brownlow, smiling.The spirit of contradiction was strong in Mr.Grimwig's breast, at the moment;and it was rendered stronger by his friend's confident smile.'No,' he said, smiting the table with his fist, 'I do not.The boy has a new suit of clothes on his back, a set of valuable books under his arm, and a five-pound note in his

pocket.He'll join his old friends the thieves, and laugh at you.If ever that boy returns to this house, sir, I'll eat my head.'

With these words he drew his chair closer to the table;and there the two friends sat, in silent expectation, with the watch between them.It is worthy of remark, as illustrating the importance we attach to our own judgments, and the pride with which we put forth our most rash and hasty conclusions, that, although Mr.Grimwig was not by any means a bad-hearted man, and though he would have been unfeignedly sorry to see his respected friend duped and deceived, he really did most earnestly and strongly hope at that moment, that Oliver Twist might not come back.It grew so dark, that the figures on the dial-plate were scarcely discernible;but there the two old gentlemen continued to sit, in silence, with the watch between them.翻译心得体会

毕业论文写作我选了翻译方向的翻译实践，完成译文后，感想很多。翻译心得我想从三个方面说起，一、选《雾都孤儿》作为翻译文本的原因。

二、翻译中用到的原则使用的翻译方法与技巧。

三、翻译过程中的问题和解决方法。

一、选《雾都孤儿》作为翻译文本的原因。

《雾都孤儿》是十九世纪英国批判现实主义小说家查尔斯·狄更斯的作品，作品所表现的风格是我喜爱的类型。狄更斯的创作风格，是以写实笔法揭露社会上层和资产阶级的虚伪、贪婪、凶残，满怀激愤和深切的同情展示下层社会，特别是妇女、儿童和老人的悲惨处境，并以严肃的态度描写开始觉醒的劳苦大众的抗争。与此同时，他还以理想主义和浪漫主义的豪情讴歌人性中的真、善、美，憧憬更合理的社会和更美好的人生。他描写为数众多的中、下层社会的小人物生活遭遇，他以高度的艺术概括、生动的细节描写、妙趣横生的幽默和细致入微的分析，塑造了许多令人难忘的形象，真实地反映了英国十九世纪初的社会面貌，具有巨大的感染力和认识价值，并形成了他的独特风格。《雾都孤儿》以雾都伦敦为背景，讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇，主人公奥立弗在孤儿院长大，经历棺材铺学徒生涯，艰苦逃难，误入贼窝，又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍，历尽无数辛酸，最后在善良人的帮助下，几番沉浮，查明身世并获得了幸福。小说描写了善与恶、美与丑、正义与邪恶的斗争，赞扬了人们天性中的正直和善良，也揭露抨击了当时英国慈善机构的虚伪和治安警察的专横。同时，作品又带有浓厚的浪漫主义情调对这种心理的细节细致入微描写能够使人身临其境，发挥想象力。狄更斯精心选择的这一系列细节，不但描绘了客观事物，而且切入了人物的内心世界，表现了他极其丰富的想象力和创造力。

我选的第十四章,进一步讲述了奥利佛在布朗罗家的情形。狄更斯在本章节对人物、环境和语言做了细致的描写。例如，At this moment, there walked into the room: supporting himself by a thick stick: a stout old gentleman, rather lame in one leg, who was dressed in a blue coat, striped waistcoat, nankeen breeches and gaiters, and a broad-brimmed white hat, with the sides turned up with green.A very small-plaited shirt frill stuck out from his waistcoat;and a very long steel watch-chain, with nothing but a key

at the end, dangled loosely below it.The ends of his white neckerchief were twisted into a ball about the size of an orange;the variety of shapes into which his countenance was twisted, defy description.He had a manner of screwing his head on one side when he spoke;and of looking out of the corners of his eyes at the same time: which irresistibly reminded the beholder of a parrot.In this attitude, he fixed himself, the moment he made his appearance;and, holding out a small piece of orange-peel at arm's length, exclaimed, in a growling, discontented voice.这一处细致入微的描写了格林维格先生样貌特征，一个栩栩如生的中上层阶级的胖老头呈现在我们面前。从他马夹里露出来的衬衫褶领和他一进门就伸长胳膊用大嗓门说话，作者细致的展现了格林维格先生是个举止略为粗鲁的人物形象。Thus encouraged, Oliver tapped at the study door.On Mr.Brownlow calling to him to come in, he found himself in a little back room, quite full of books, with a window, looking into some pleasant little gardens.There was a table drawn up before the window, at which Mr.Brownlow was seated reading.此处描写了主人公奥利弗进入布朗罗先生的书房后看到的情景。展现了布朗罗先生拥有大量的书籍和一些小花园，这也从侧面说明了布朗罗先生热爱读书并且家底丰厚。'I never , never will, sir,' interposed Oliver.'I hope not,' rejoined the old gentleman.'I do not think you ever will.I have been deceived, before, in the objects whom I have endeavoured to benefit;but I feel strongly disposed to trust you, nevertheless;and I am more interested in your behalf than I can well account for, even to myself.The persons on whom I have bestowed my dearest love, lie deep in their graves;but, although the happiness and delight of my life lie buried there too, I have not made a coffin of my heart, and sealed it up, forever, on my best affections.Deep affliction has but strengthened and refined them.'这一处的语言描写表明了奥利弗要呆在布朗罗家的决心，同时也道出了布朗罗先生曾经被欺骗过的的经历但仍对奥利弗有义无反顾的信任，这也反映了布朗罗先生有一颗善良的乐于助人的心。

二、翻译中用到的原则与技巧

翻译的原则我们要遵循严复的翻译翻译标准即信、达、雅。译事三难中的“信”是指忠实于作者的原译，使译文准确无误，不歪曲，不遗漏，也不随意增减意思；当然，“信”应抓住全文要旨，对于词句可以有所颠倒增减。“达”是指通顺流畅，不拘泥原文形式，整个译文一气呵成，行云流水，一目了然，明白无误。因为社会历史、文化背景、语言习惯和译者对两种语言的掌握，总会存在着一些难以拿捏的东西或者

说不能完全对等的东西，这就需要译者融会贯通，在一些方面做必要的调整。“雅”是指译文时选用的词语要合理得体，追求译文本身的简明优雅和文采。还有尤金·奈达的“功能对等”理论，简单讲，功能对等就是要让译文和原文在语言上功能对等，而不是在语言的形式上对应。综上所述，我们进行翻译要遵循忠实通顺的原则。

本章节大部分运用了(1)直译法，例如，①As Oliver was told that he might do what he liked with the old clothes, he gave them to a servant who had been very kind to him, and asked her to sell them to a Jew, and keep the money for herself.直译为“奥利弗得知他可以随意处置旧衣服，他把它们给了一个对他非常友善的仆人，并且让她把它们卖给个犹太人，钱留下自己花。”②Oliver did as the old lady bade him;and, although she lamented grievously, meanwhile, that there was not even time to crimp the little frill that bordered his shirt-collar.直译为“奥利弗照老妇人的要求的做了，尽管她一个劲惋惜，可已经来不及给他的衬衫领子压褶饰了。”还有一些句子用了（2）意译法，例如，①'Bless us, and save us!Wash your hands, and let me part your hair nicely for you, child,' said Mrs.Bedwin.意译为“哎哟，真没办法，你洗洗手，我帮你梳一个漂亮的分头，孩子。”贝德温夫人说。”还有一些句子用了（3）直译意译相结合的方法，例如，Oliver's sobs checked his utterance for some minutes;when he was on the point of beginning to relate how he had been brought up at the farm, and carried to the workhouse by Mr.Bumble, a peculiarly impatient little double-knock was heard at the street-door: and the servant, running upstairs, announced Mr.Grimwig.直译意译相结合翻译为“奥利弗哽咽起来，好一会说不出话。他刚要开始讲述自己如何在农场里长大，布鲁斯又如何把他带到济贫院去的，大门口却响起来了颇不耐烦的敲门声。仆人跑上楼来报告说，格林维格先生来了。

在翻译的过程中还运用了一些翻译技巧，通过运用这些技巧使文章增色很多。（1）词类转换法是翻译的常用手段，简言之就是改变单词词性，例如，They were happy days, those of Oliver's recovery.Everything was so quiet, and neat, and orderly.翻译为“奥利弗恢复健康的那些日子是多么幸福啊，一切都是那么宁静，整洁，井井有条。”“quiet安静的”和“neat整洁的”都是形容词，这里转换成了名词“宁静”和“整洁”。“orderly井井有条地”是副词，这里转换成了名词。（2）分译法是根据行为要求，将一句译为几句，又称化整为零法。不但从句、短语、独立主格可以这样处理，有时一个形容

词、名词或副词也可以从原文中的结构中分离出来，译成单独的句子或短语。翻译还要讲究一个地道，要符合汉语的表达习惯，翻译的时候需要调整语序。例如，①Comprising Further Particulars of Oliver’s Stay at Mr.Brownkow’s, with the Remarkable Prediction Which One Mr.Grimwig Uttered Concerning Him, When He Went out on an Errand.译成汉语为“进一步讲述奥利弗在布朗罗先生家的情形，在布朗罗先生外出办事时，一位名叫格林维格的先生为他作了一番值得注意的预言。” ② 'There are a good many books, are there not, my boy?' said Mr.Brownlow, observing the curiosity with which Oliver surveyed the shelves that reached from the floor to the ceiling.分译为“书可真多不是吗，我的孩子？”布朗罗先生观察到奥利弗带着好奇心打量着书架，它从地板垒到了天花板上。”③As fate would have it, Mrs.Bedwin chanced to bring in, at this moment, a small parcel of books, which Mr.Brownlow had that morning purchased of the identical bookstall-keeper, who has already figured in this history.分译为“真好像命中注定似的，贝德温夫人恰好在这时拿着一包书进来了，这是布朗罗先生那天早上从那位书摊掌柜那里买的，他在前面的故事中出现过。”（3）增译法，根据上下文语境，增添的词语句子能使句子的翻译更明晰，使读者一目了然。例如,All this, Mr.Brownlow, although himself somewhat of an impetuous gentleman: knowing his friend's peculiarities, bore with great good humour.译成汉语为“尽管布朗罗先生自己在某种程度上也是个冲动的绅士，可他知道他朋友的怪脾气，对这一切他还是带着少有的好兴致照单全收。”（4）反译法，是从原文的一个角度下笔，译文恰恰从相反的角度下笔，采取此译法可以是词，短语甚至整个句子。例如，'No,' he said, smiting the table with his fist, 'I do not.The boy has a new suit of clothes on his back, a set of valuable books under his arm, and a five-pound note in his pocket.He'll join his old friends the thieves, and laugh at you.If ever that boy returns to this house, sir, I'll eat my head.'反译为“是的，”他用拳头猛捶桌子说道，“我认为，这男孩有新套装穿在身上，一摞值钱的书夹在胳膊底下，还有五镑的钞票在他手里，他将会回到那窝贼朋友那嘲笑你！如果那个男孩返回这座房子，先生，我就把自己的脑袋吃下去。”

三、翻译过程中的问题和解决方法。

在翻译的过程中遇到了一些问题，通过自己查阅词典资料以及老师同学的帮助，也找到了解决方法。

在翻译某些片段的时候会出现（1）误译，例如，①将The old gentleman was just going to say that Oliver should not go out on any account;when a most malicious cough from Mr.Grimwig determined him that he should;and that, by his prompt discharge of the commission, he should prove to him the injustice of his suspicions: on this head at least: at once.翻译成“老绅士将要说任何情况下奥利弗不应该出去，格林维格先生有敌意的咳嗽了一声决定他应该去，他迅速的执行委员会的职能，他要证明他怀疑所受到的不公正待遇：至少因为他的头，立刻。”而正确的译法应该是“那个老绅士刚要说任何情况下奥利佛都不应该出去，格林维格带有敌意地咳嗽了一声，这迫使他决定让奥利佛跑一趟，由他迅速办完这档子事，自己就可以向格林维格先生证明，他的猜疑在这一点上至少是不公正的，而且可以立刻证明。” ②将'No,' he said, smiting the table with his fist, 'I do not.The boy has a new suit of clothes on his back, a set of valuable books under his arm, and a five-pound note in his pocket.He'll join his old friends the thieves, and laugh at you.If ever that boy returns to this house, sir, I'll eat my head.'翻译成“不，”他用拳头猛捶桌子说道，“我不认为，这男孩有新套装穿在身上，一摞值钱的书夹在胳膊底下，还有五镑的钞票在他手里，他将会回到那窝贼朋友那嘲笑你！如果那个男孩返回这座房子，先生，我就把自己的脑袋吃下去。”这样句子意思前后就出现了矛盾。好在老师给了我及时的指导，纠正了我的错误。在翻译的过程中还出现了（2）漏译的现象，例如，将bout a son, who was clerk to a merchant in the West Indies;and who was, also, such a good young man, and wrote such dutiful letters home four times a year, that it brought the tears into her eyes to talk about them.翻译成了“还有一个在西印度商人那做店员的儿子，他也是一个非常好的青年，每年都会写四封信给家里。谈起那些信，泪水便涌上她的双眼。”译文中漏掉了“dutiful”这个单词的意思，正确的译文为“还有一个在西印度商人那做店员的儿子，他也是一个非常好的青年，很孝顺每年都会写四封信给家里。谈起那些信，泪水便涌上她的双眼。”

还有自己对作者所处的时代背景不是很了解，造成翻译时使用的词语不符合当时的环境或人物身份。由此可见，文化渗透于社会的方方面面。因此在翻译之前要深入了解一下翻译文本的文化背景。当然，本章节只是整篇小说的一部分，还要联系上下文，例如，原文中有个如“picture”，如果没有联系上下文就可能翻译成“图画”或者“照片”，如果仔细推敲的话，翻译成“画像”比较符合作者想描述的情节。人

物的语言的翻译是翻译的重点，能符合中国人的说话方式才是地道的翻译。例如，'Bless us, and save us!’译成“哎呦，真没办法！”就比“保佑我们，救救我们！”要好得多。

通过对本章节的翻译，我对翻译有了更深一些的认识。翻译不仅仅是把一种文字转换成另外一种文字，而是翻译的过程中包括很多环节，像理解、转换、和表达等等。我觉得翻译中还存在文化交流的障碍。不同民族存在着方方面面的差异，在进行思想文化交流时必然会出现不同的交流障碍。作为文化传递者的翻译工作，译者自然而然地会遇到同样地问题。翻译中的思维语言差异比较常见的，中西方思维方式必然产生不同的语言逻辑，思维语言差异主要表现在词汇、语法、语义、修辞等方面，我们这些东西比较欠缺，在翻译中就会造成信息传递的失败，从而会形成思想文化交流的障碍。所以自己的汉语文功底需要加强，这就是书到用时方恨少啊，这种欠缺表现在对于文章只可意会不可言传，这对翻译是十分不利的，我们需要多加强积累自身的文化素养以提高自身的翻译素养。

通过此次翻译经历，令我受益匪浅，翻译的过程是也是一个自我提高的过程，也是一个个人再创作的过程，需要我们掌握扎实的文化基础，积累丰富的文化经验。孔子有云；“三人行，必有我师焉。”在翻译的道路上，我们还要多多听取老师的指导。翻译之路，任重而道远，吾将上下而求索！

Acknowledgements

致谢

在本次的毕业翻译实论文翻译的过程中，感谢我的指导老师刘丽娟老师一直给予我耐心地指导，纠正我论文中的错误，耐心讲解我提出的问题。让我认识到认真的态度很重要。同时感谢我的的同班同学刘冠军对我的译文提出了许多中肯的修改意见以及陪伴。感谢我的答辩老师为我提出的宝贵的修改意见。感谢我的父母和朋友们的支持，感谢学校的培养。谢谢！

第三篇：翻译实践报告

翻译实践报告

在人们素养不断提高的今天，报告十分的重要，我们在写报告的时候要注意语言要准确、简洁。写起报告来就毫无头绪？下面是小编帮大家整理的翻译实践报告，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

实习时间：

20xx年10月15日——20xx年10月19日

实习地点：

xxxxx

实习公司：

xxxxx

工作职责：

翻译

实习背景：

成绩：极大地提高了听力和口语水平，熟悉贸易流程，能与外国人简单洽谈业务

20xx年10月，我终于踏进了梦寐以求的广交会展馆大门，担任参展商翻译工作，心情既兴奋激动也有些许忐忑不安。心情兴奋激动是因为我可以在这个广阔的外贸舞台上展现我十多年来学习到的英语与外贸知识了，还可以近距离接触到来自世界各地的客户；忐忑不安是因为我担心能力不够，听不懂外商与老板之间的洽谈。

老板是山东人，幽默风趣、平易近人，没有一点儿老板架子。他的工厂主要生产2mmD22mm规格的铁链与各种规格的宠物索具，产品远销世界各地。老板只略懂一些简单的英语，所以我的翻译责任更重大了。

尽管之前在网上查找相关的会展术语，但我开馆之前没有看过产品目录，对产品知识不了解，所以第一天上班心情非常紧张。为此，开馆第一天我就早早的来到摊位熟悉产品，了解报价单。老板看到我这么紧张，安慰我说他的产品不难翻译，很多大学生熟悉一天就能学会了。老板会在空余时间教我各种贸易知识与各民族的礼仪习俗，如埃及客户需要CIQ开立的原产地证明书、穆斯林民族的客户吃的食物和水一定要有“清真”标志等等。

参展商摊位翻译不同于以往我在酒店担任的前台翻译，前者的翻译涉及到各种国际贸易专业知识与各行业的专业术语。第一天，有一位迪拜采购商对我们的产品很感兴趣，他指着一条规格是3mm的铁链问我“The material is G30？（是G30材料吗？）”我知道他在问材料，就回答说“The material is iron.”他继续问“Is G30?”我当时不懂他说的G30是什么意思，加上对方有一点地方口音，就停顿下来思考了一下，他见我没有回答他的问题，就继续问“Is G30?”,当时老板也在场，我觉得非常尴尬，后来他把G30写在纸上，我还是不明白G30是什么意思，但是老板一看，就连连点头说“Yes, yes”，老板告诉我G30是高硬度钨钢的专业术语缩写，他能理解我不懂，因为各行都有专业术语。有了第一天的尴尬情况出现，当晚回到宿舍，我就到网上查找各种钢材的专业术语，比如Q235是普通碳素结构的钢材，Q195是很常见的碳素钢，比Q235强度低，价格也较便宜，并且把它们拍成图片保存在手机里随时查看。事实证明，这些专业术语名词对我后来的翻译工作帮助很大。

开馆的第二天，有四位皮肤黝黑的采购商来到我们摊位，我们互相打招呼后，我指着产品架说“Which product do you need?”他们就自己主动拿起产品看，并用他们的语言在商量，我很认真的听他们的对话准备翻译，可是他们讲的语言我根本听不懂。过了一会儿，其中一位女士递给我们一张名片，用很流利的中文说他们是来自缅甸的铁链采购商，让我们给他们列出2mm-12mm规格的铁链的价格，由于他们的国家不发达，国人消费的铁链质量要求不高，如果价格合理，他们会和我们大量订购并长期合作，她也打开手机让我看他们与其他厂家交易的提单照片，她给我看的提单与我在单证课上学习的提单样本几乎相似，那一刻我觉得课本知识真的很重要。从提单上，我知道了他们与其他厂家交易的价格与数量，该笔交易的时间是20xx年9月13号，提单上也有船公司的盖章，他们应该不会是在欺骗我们。老板见他们很有诚意，就给他们报了合理的价格，他们看后也没有异议，口头上答应成交了，相互留下名片，说回去后邮件往来、签订合同。由于他们很有诚意交易，订购量也很大，所以老板整天的心情都美滋滋的。从中，我也明白了，我们一定要学好单证知识，它在外贸职场上真的很实用，同时，我们除了掌握英语这门语言外，也还要掌握一两门其他语言，才能在外贸职场上有优势。

开馆的第二天下午，有一位外国人一进摊位就笑嘻嘻地和老板打招呼说“Hello!你好！”老板说他是来自黎巴嫩的'老客户，那老外性格非常开朗，也非常热情地和我打招呼。接着，他坐下来问他之前的订购的货物广交会上询问的人多不多，有没有来自黎巴嫩和土耳其的采购商来看产品，老板就说没有，他很开心的笑了，笑得好像圣诞老爷爷。他从包里拿出一沓表格，表格上都已经列好了他要采购的产品型号，就等着老板给他列价格。老板跟他交情似乎很不错，给了他所有客户中的最优惠价格，而他同样又给老板提了很多产品建议，互利互惠。值得一提的是，这个黎巴嫩客户很幽默，他说他会用中文说数字，他用英文“son(儿子)”的发音来记忆中文数字“三”的发音，他引得我们都哄堂大笑，气氛十分的融洽。聊完正事后，他从包里拿出一盒包装精致的糕点，他说这是他从黎巴嫩带来的，这糕点在他们国家很出名。他也给我介绍了他国家的风土人情，并打开手机给我看他家乡与家人的照片，那天闭馆后，他请我们去珠江新城一家叫bosphorus的西餐厅吃晚餐。

后面几天都有来自世界各国的采购商来询问价格，他们为了避免产生错误，都会将他们想要的规格写在纸上，再让我们给他列出价格，报价都是报FOB青岛价。然而，由于平时上课听习惯了外教纯正的英语口语，所以当接待到来自中东和印度的采购商时，不熟悉他们的口音，翻译起来非常吃力，他们能听懂我讲，但我却很难听懂他们讲。后来，我渐渐地总结到了经验，把他们说的关键词翻译给老板，如果确实听不懂，只要我们主动热情、耐心、微笑地对待他们，他们都会重复说几遍，甚至会用肢体语言或者用笔写下来直到我们理解为止。

下面就总结一下我的广交会感想：

一、勤于思考、发现问题，不断总结。常常都会被客户问到一些我并不了解的问题。有的可能对于内行的人来说属于很简单的常识，可是我从来没听说过，于是我每天都把问题记下来，用空余时间问老板或者到网上查找。

二、翻译过程中头脑要保持沉着冷静。在翻译过程中难免会遇到不懂得词汇或者专业术语，还会遇到各种口音的英语，这些原因可能会让我们听不懂对方说的话。即使碰到沟通上的问题，但也不要慌张，头脑要保持沉着冷静，可以互相用写或者肢体语言来交流，双方都明白易懂，合作起来自然也愉快。

三、与客人洽谈时要做好记录。跟哪位客人谈了哪些内容，都要做详细的记录，什么规格，报价多少，须一一记录下来，重点客户做好标记，这将会对老板回公司后给客户发邮件有很大帮助。

四、要保管好客户名片。客人的名片要及时订在笔记本上，不要乱放以免搞丢或者弄乱了。

总而言之，此次的广交会翻译实习开阔了我的视野，为我将来的外贸业务工作积累到了宝贵的经验和奠定了人脉基础，也更进一步地认识了自我，我一定会好好总结经验，不断积累知识，努力完善自我，在以后求职道路上争取有更好的表现和更大的收获。

一、实习目的：

为了使自己更加深入了解英语在社会和实际工作中的应用，丰富已学过的专业课内容，培养理论联系实际的能力，提高在语言应用中分析问题及解决问题的实际能力。为了更好地为完成毕业论文打下基础，为了以后工作的顺利进行。通过实习，还应了解英语在外贸，及涉外和服务行业中的重要地位，了解和积累更多的实践经验，培养热爱专业，献身国家建设的思想。我们使用相关专业课教材，及实习单位提供的相关材料通过参与一个完整的笔译过程（资料，情报翻译）或口译过程（涉外接待，贸易谈判等），使自己掌握和提高熟练使用英语的技能。

实习单位的介绍：翻译公司是本市的一家经工商局审批注册的专为国内外各机构和个人提供专业翻译服务的企业。拥有各行业的专业翻译人员、高级审译顾问、外籍专家、审译人员、留学回国人员等组成的优秀工作团队。本公司坚持“以人为本”的指导思想，本着“团结拼搏，勇创一流”的精神，恪守“追求卓越挑战极限”的原则，积极为焦作地区的经济、文化和对外交流与发展，作出我们应有的贡献。公司长期对外承接的翻译服务有：英、日、法、俄、德、韩、蒙、越南、阿拉伯、西班牙、意大利，等近40种语种与汉语不同形式的笔译，陪同口译，交替传译，同声传译等业务。涉及机械、化工、汽车、金融、文学等各个领域。我们实行的是“翻译―副译审―总译审”的三级质量管理体系。合理的翻译运作流程、严格的质量控制体系、独特的译员审核标准以及完善的跟踪回访服务是我们优质翻译的保证。我们始终信守诚实做人，踏实做事的原则。秉承“竭诚为客户服务”的宗旨，用我们的辛勤工作换来沟通无限和您的微笑。

二、翻译过程的基本环节与具体要求

（一）实际翻译程序可以归纳如下：

1、快速翻译，侧重文体。有些译者认为口述的译文更新颖、更流畅。但无论译者是口述、打字、还是手写，重要的是要使译文节奏流畅；

2、初稿应该保留约一周左右。这样，修订译稿时就可以获得全新的感受，排除翻译初稿时留在耳边的余音，更加客观地评估译文；

3、认真检查译文内容，特别着重译文的准确性和连贯性。删除不必要的增补词语和补充初稿中的疏漏。特别要注意关键概念在翻译上的一致性，理顺拗口的词句；

4、从文体上检查译文。其实，这一步骤应该反复进行多次。朗读译文是一个非常重要的办法，因为听觉对连贯性和节奏感方面的问题比视觉要敏锐得多；

5、检查译文拼写、标点符号和格式。有些译者错误地认为，对译文内容、文体和正字法这三方面的检查可以合并起来一次完成，这种看法是大错特错的。对译文上述三个方面的检查应该分别进行；

6、译文送交三审审阅。

（二）汉译英的具体要求：

1、符合写作的一切规则

a）格式要求

i、拼写正确

ii、标点正确（英语中不用汉语标点：英语无顿号、逗号是圆点，所有符号语汉语大小不同；逗号后面有空格，前面没有；英语标点和汉语没有必然对应关系）

b）语法要求

i、注意每个名词的单复数是否正确

ii、注意时态是否正确

iii、人称和数是否照应

c）词和句子的要求

i、每个单词的意思准确、符合上下文需要

ii、每个单词的搭配符合英语习惯

iii、个动词的句型符合英语习惯

iv、每个介词的用法符合英语习惯

翻译的三个基本要求是“信”、“达”、“雅”。“信”要求忠实原文的内容和每个句子的含义，用现代汉语字字落实、句句落实直译出来，不得随意地增减内容。“达”要求翻译出的现代文要表意明确、语言通顺、语气不走样。“雅”要求用简明、优美、富有文采的现代汉语把原文的内容、形式及风格准确地表达出来。

（三）在翻译中遇到的困难及其分析：

基于翻译的具体要求，我还不能完全达到这种水平，虽然可以句句落实直译出来，做到不随意增减内容，但却做不到“达”的要求，翻译出的材料表意不明确，译不出原材料的那种语气，“雅”的要求更是离的太远，还有涉及到专业性的材料就会觉得一头雾水，不知从何下手，此翻彼翻都觉得不太贴切。

在中国青年报上看到这样一则消息：把“保税仓库”译为“保证税收的仓库”，“五四运动”成了“五四体育运动”……译文中国人看不懂外国人不明白――“一个英语专业8级的大学毕业生，语法结构错误百出，认为‘小康’就是‘富有’，译文做成中英文字符的简单对应……”说起前两天来应聘翻译职位的一位大学毕业生的表现，北京一家翻译公司的负责人直摇头。其实，考试的题目并不是很难――一段关于“我国实行按劳分配制度，允许和支持一部分人通过诚实劳动先富起来”的100字左右的中译英试题。这家翻译公司的负责人说，像这样拿着英语专业8级证书，却当不了合格翻译的大学毕业生，并非极端个别的例子。现在合格的翻译太少了。

伴随着中国加入世贸组织，对外交流的日益频繁，翻译人才的缺口越来越大。业内专家表示，翻译市场巨大，合格翻译人才紧缺，学了外语就能当翻译的老观念该改一改了。

这则消息正说明了一个现实问题，我深有体会，我们在工作中翻译用词不准确，专业领域背景知识缺乏，写作水平又差，真觉得不能胜任翻译工作。把“数控发电机”译成“数字化发电机”，把“保税仓库”译为“保证税收的仓库”，这样的例子比比皆是。由于历史背景和专有名词的缺乏，单纯从字面意思出发，把“五四运动”中的“运动”直译为“Sport”（即体育运动），这样的笑话也出了不少。由于自己的中文基础不扎实，词汇变化少，语言贫乏，翻译出来的东西语言不通顺。外语的学习则是从认知语言学起，我们掌握了大量的词汇、语法后，再串成句子连成段落。老师在讲述外语的过程中不可能一篇文章或一段话地讲解，学习效果很不地道。学完外语专业只能表示具备翻译行为，而并不具备职业翻译能力。换句话说，学完外语专业不是就能做翻译了。本科生在大学学习阶段，大多没有接触过系统的翻译课程训练，即使有翻译课程也是在大三下学期或大四才开课。没有平时的训练怎么能成为合格的翻译呢？由于高等教育的日益普及，本科教育已不是终端教育。学生在本科阶段主要打好语言基础，在研究生阶段进行集中翻译学习培训。专家普遍认为，要成为一名合格的翻译，需要在本科毕业后，用2至3年进行专门的翻译课程学习，在工作中磨练若干年，并学习相关的专业知识和术语等。

三、那么在以后的学习和工作中怎样才能做一名合格翻译呢，具体有一下几点需要注意：

1、扎实的语言基本功。一名优秀的译员应具备良好的英语修养和扎实的汉语基本功，掌握英汉两种语言的特点和互译规律，拥有快速、准确地遣词造句的能力。译员要有良好的语音基本功，掌握英汉两种语言基础，敏锐的听力，超常的词汇量，良好的语感，灵活的表达能力以及广阔语言文化背景知识。需要特别强调的是译员的听力理解能力，他是口译成败的一个关键因素，也是一名译员的综合语言和知识水平的反映。

2、广博的知识面。译员光有扎实的语言基本功是远远不够的。常常有译员因缺乏主题知识或百科知识而出现“卡壳”的现象。译员的接触面很广，接待的对象在职业、年龄、身份、阶层、志趣、爱好、生活习惯、民族性格、社会习俗、宗教信仰等方面都会有很大的差异，随时随地都有可能遇到各种话题。因此，译员必须掌握丰富全面的百科知识，例如专业常识、社会常识、法规政策常识、国际常识以及背景知识、国情地情、风土人情、名胜古迹、花草树木、昆虫动物等百科知识，拥有较高的文化修养，能上知天文、下通地理、博古通今，并熟悉各行各业，努力做一个“杂家”或“万事通”。

3、出众的记忆力。译员需要有非凡的记忆力，这一点是由口译工作的特点所决定的。首先，译员在口译过程中不可能有机会查阅词典和工具书，或请教别人，因此，译员必须记住大量的词汇（包括专业词汇）、成语、典故和缩略词等。其次，译员要把讲话人所讲的内容准确详尽地用另一种语言表达出来，也必须有相当好的记忆力。

4、口齿要清楚。

5、严谨的工作作风。

6、良好的心理素质。

四、实习收获及总结：

经过为期两个月的实习，我学到很多东西知道了翻译的具体过程和基本要求，了解到自己不足的地方，清楚了自己应向哪个方面努力。在实习期间从事大量中英文文字翻译，例如各种出国证明书（出生证明，亲属证明，成绩单等），合同，财务报表，公司章程及法律文件。以后，我在学习上应理论联系实际，从点到面的全面学习，避免拿以前应付考试的态度来学习；在工作中应该实事求是，细心认真的独立完成自己的工作，并要培养与人协作的精神；在生活中就我个人而言应学会更好的与人相处和沟通，即将离开学校走入社会，我必须更好的完善自己的性格。

第四篇：翻译实践考核

Stolen Suffering

ON a March day four years ago, a very old lady, striking, snowy-haired, unsmiling, was looking at me with disgust.A Polish Jew who had survived the Holocaust, she‟d been telling me how she and her young son had managed to keep a step ahead of the people who were hunting them down, and at the end of this stupefying tale of survival I‟d looked up at her and said, “What an amazing story!” It was at that point that she flapped her spotted hand at me in disdain.“„Amazing story,‟” she mimicked me, tartly.She fetched a heavy sigh.“If you didn‟t have an amazing story, you didn‟t survive.”

She was referring to literal survival, of course — survival at its meanest, most animal level, the mere continuance of the organism.At a time when Jews throughout Europe were being rounded up like livestock or hunted down like game, survival indeed depended on feats of endurance or daring so extreme, on accidents or luck so improbable, that they can seem too far-fetched to be true.A Jewish couple who hid in the attic of a Nazi officers‟ club, forced to listen as the soldiers below joked and drank after a day‟s slaughter;two young brothers who hid in a forest, strapping the hooves of deer to their feet whenever they ventured into the snow to confuse those who were trying to find them;a youth who, the day before the Germans entered his Polish hometown, left home and just kept walking east, until he reached...China.I heard these stories firsthand five years ago, while researching a book about relatives of mine who didn‟t survive.But still they keep coming.Last Monday, I heard about an orphaned Jewish girl who trekked 2,000 miles from Belgium to Ukraine, surviving the Warsaw ghetto, murdering a German officer, and — most “amazing” of all — taking refuge in forests where she was protected by kindly wolves.The problem is that this story is a lie: recounted in a 1997 international bestseller by Misha Levy Defonseca, it was exposed last week as a total fabrication — no trekking, no Warsaw, no murder, no wolves.(No Jews, either: the author, whose real name is Monique De Wael, is Roman Catholic.)To be sure, phony memoirs aren‟t news: in 1998 the acclaimed child-survivor memoir “Fragments” was proved a fake, and more recently James Frey‟s credibility infamously exploded into a million little pieces.But the trickle now seems to be a flood.Just days after the revelations about Ms.De Wael‟s book yet another popular first-person account of extreme suffering turned out to be a fraud.(This one, “Love and Consequences,” purports to be the autobiography of a young half-white, half-American Indian woman who was raised by a black foster mother in the gang-infested streets of Los Angeles.)This trend sheds alarming light on a cultural moment in which the meanings of suffering, identity and “reality” itself seem to have become dangerously slippery.Each of the new books commits a fraud far more reprehensible than Mr.Frey‟s self-dramatizing enhancements.The first is a plagiarism of other people‟s trauma.Both were written not, as they claim to be, by members of oppressed classes(the Jews during World War II, the impoverished African-Americans of Los Angeles today), but by members of relatively safe or privileged classes.Ms.De Wael was a Christian Belgian who was raised by close relatives after her parents, Resistance members, were taken away;Margaret Seltzer, the author of “Love and Consequences,” grew up in a tony Los Angeles neighborhood and attended an Episcopal day school.In each case, then, a comparatively privileged person has appropriated the real traumas suffered by real people for her own benefit — a boon to the career and the bank account, but more interestingly, judging from the authors‟ comments, a kind of psychological gratification, too.Ms.Seltzer has talked about being “torn,” about wanting somehow to ventriloquize her subjects, to “put a voice to people who people don‟t listen to.” Ms.De Wael has similarly referred to a longing to be part of the group to which she did not, emphatically, belong: “I felt different.It‟s true that, since forever, I felt Jewish and later in life could come to terms with myself by being welcomed by part of this community.”(“Felt Jewish” is repellent: real Jewish children were being murdered however they may have felt.)

While these statements want to suggest a somehow admirable desire to “empathize” with the oppressed subjects, this sentimental gesture both mirrors and exploits a widespread, quite pernicious cultural confusion about identity and suffering.We have so often been invited, in the past decade and a half, to “feel the pain” of others that we rarely pause to wonder whether this is, in fact, a good thing

Empathy and pity are strong and necessary emotions that deepen our sense of connection to others;but they depend on a kind of metaphorical imagination of what others are going through.The facile

assumption that we can literally “feel others‟ pain” can be dangerous to our sense of who we are — and, more alarmingly, who the others are, too.“We all have AIDS,” a recent public-awareness campaign declared.Well, no, actually we don‟t: and to pretend that we do, even rhetorically, debases the anguish of those who are stricken.四年前三月的那一天，一位引人注目的、满脸严肃的银发老妇人愤愤地瞪了我一眼。

四年前三月的一天，一个老太太，醒目，白雪皑皑的头发，表情严肃，看着我的厌恶。是一个波兰犹太人的大屠杀中幸存下来，她告诉我，她和她年幼的儿子是如何设法保持领先一步的人猎杀它们，在这种愚民的生存故事的结束，我看着她说，“这是一个惊人的故事！”这是在这一点上，她拍着斑的手在我不屑。“令人惊讶的故事，”她模仿我，刻薄。她取出一个沉重的叹息。“如果你没有一个惊人的故事，你也无法生存。”

她指的是文字生存，当然最“惊艳”的所有没有徒步旅行，华沙，没有谋杀，没有狼。（没有犹太人，无论是作者，他的真名是莫妮克瓦伊勒阿布，是罗马天主教）。可以肯定的是，不是假的回忆录的消息：在1998年，著名的儿童幸存者回忆录“记忆碎片”被证明是假的，并最近詹姆斯·弗雷的信誉臭名昭著的爆炸成万的小件。但涓涓细流，现在似乎是洪水。仅仅几天后，约女士德瓦伊勒阿布的书的启示，另一种流行的第一人称帐户的极度痛苦竟然是一个骗局。（这其中，“爱与后果”，看来是一个年轻的半白，半美国的印度女人提出一个黑色的养母在该团伙出没的洛杉矶街头的自传）。这种趋势揭示惊人光的时刻，痛苦，身份与“现实”本身的含义似乎已经成为了危险滑的文化。的新书中的每一个都犯了欺诈行为更应该受到谴责比先生弗雷的自我戏剧化的改进。第一个是抄袭别人的创伤。两人都写的，因为他们声称，被压迫阶级的成员（犹太人在二战期间，贫困的非裔美国人今天在洛杉矶），但相对安全或特权阶级的成员。德瓦伊勒阿布女士是一个基督徒，比利时被带走后，她的父母，抵抗运动成员，近亲属提出的，“爱与后果的作者，玛格丽特Seltzer的”长大了托尼洛杉矶附近，并出席了主教的一天学校。

然后，在每一种情况下，一个比较特权的人拨了真正的她自己的真实的人而且，更令人震惊的，别人是谁，太。最近的公共宣传运动宣布：“我们都有艾滋病”。哦，不，其实我们不和假装，我们甚至反问，那些没有遭到贬低的痛苦。

第五篇：翻译实践总结

2012年7月翻译实践总结

英语专业翻译实践是一门专业知识实践课。我们通过这样的实践来考察和提高自己对翻译理论及翻译常用方法、技巧的掌握从而提高自己的翻译技能以适应未来实践的需要。英语专业翻译实践通过对各类题材的文章翻译实践掌握各种文体的语言特点、汉英两种语言的对比和分析使我们在了解翻译基本理论的基础上在实践中提高自己的翻译能力是自己的翻译能力增强。

一、实习目的全面地将所学的各项 英语知识结合起来并在翻译实践中进一步运用翻译技巧来提高翻译水平，巩固专业知识的基础上努力扩大自己的知识面这样才有助于我们成为全面发展的人才在未来的工作领域中一展风采。另外此次实习经历也让我们学到了许多为人处世的道理并对自己的人生道路有了更明确的规划。

二、实习基本情况

从大三开始我们开了翻译课第一学期的英译汉以及本学期的是汉译英，经过了整整两个学期的英语翻译，我觉得自己在翻译方面能力有所提高。将近一个月的翻译实践课程即将结束，指导老师精心的为我们挑选了具有代表性的翻译资 料，资料内容丰富涉及经济、科研、实事新闻、历史、医学、心理等各个方面方面以及保护等方面。

在实习起步阶段,我们先是由魏老师指导向我们进行本次实习的内容、安排以及意义并将我们分组。要求了每周的具体工作以及我们第一周要进行的翻译材料，汉译英材料是《唐朝皇后棺椁被追回》，英译汉是《Extra Weight in Early Childhood Foretells Later Disease Risk》，并要求我们将《唐朝皇后棺椁被追回》做成课件，详细的列出翻译过程中所遇到困难以及感受。第二周的翻译材料是《设备维修中心》和《Exhaustion Syndrome Leaves Measurable Changes in the Brain》

万事开头难，翻译实习的开始是比较头疼的，在正式动笔对《唐朝皇后棺椁被追回》进行翻译之前我们不得不复习之前所学过的翻译理论知识点了解在翻译过程中所应该注意的各种事项。文章中出现的一些术语和一些晦涩难懂词让我们四人为此而抓耳挠腮。所以开始的时候，总是感觉翻译的有些别扭。在周四的PPT汇报过程中，魏老师认真的给我们讲解了各种困难。

第二阶段的实习是由张云老师指导我们对菜谱进翻进行了系统的学习以及学校组织的西科杯翻译大赛。主要翻译内容是《Why Economics Can’t Explain Our Cultural Divide》，中餐菜名译法举例以及班级合作的菜谱书翻译；最后一周的翻译材料是《平凡的人生》节选及《The Girl with the Apple》节选。

在第三阶段，我们认真对翻译实践进行了总结并以书面形式上交知道老师。

三、实习感受

过这次的翻译实习主要让我领会到了两点一是融会贯通的重要性;二是合作的重要性。首先翻译是一种语言活动有是该活动的结果它是融理论、技能、艺术于一体的语言实践活动。通过翻阅大量资料我更加透彻的掌握了一些翻译的相关知识。1.翻译的本质可以用一句话来概括“在透彻地理解原文意思的基础上用标准的汉语表述出来。2.翻译质量有两个基本标准第一个标准是忠实于原文，这也就是我们所说的“信”。第二个标准是符合中文的表达习惯，也就是所谓的“达”句子要通顺 流畅不能生造词语和句子也就是所谓的文笔。3.翻译界通用的质量标准是“信、达、雅”。4.直译和意译的辨证关系。

在这次实践中我自身也得到了很大的提高。1.团队精神。在四次讨论中我们每个人都做认真的翻译，然后一起研究，讨论，最后做出决定。这种经历对我们日后工作或者学术研究都有很大帮助。2.查阅搜索资料的能力。前面提到很多文本需要专业知识背景和专业词汇表达。因此我们在翻译中要通过网络、图书来查阅大量资料。我们的收获不在于我们学会了

查资料而是我们能够更快地在大量资源中找到自己所需的东西。我想今后的工作中也会有很多类似的情况在大量的多余信息里找有用的资源。

四.实习反思

1.这个过程暴漏了单词量不够，这点对我来说影响很大，比如经常会遇到一些单词，感觉见过但有不知道具体是什么意思只有查字典浪费了很多时间。通过这次实践在以 后顶顶会注意多积累增加单词记忆量。2.对句子的分析能力不足,包括具子成分以及语法的欠缺导致了在翻译中的困难并且犯错。英语句子成分只是英语语法中的一小部分,而且平时的考试也不会考, 以前并没有注意到这一点。3.我在速度方面的不足。在这儿我主要谈的是打印时的翻译速度因为看电子版本，首先是费眼睛时间长了眼睛会很花，所以会感到比较的疲劳总是不能坚持下去。其次，是我本身对电脑键盘的熟练程度还不够经常会打错字。不过在以后的学习和工作中我会不断提高自己在这方面的能力把自己的翻译速度尽最大努力提上来。

五.实习总结

这次的翻译实习对我来说是次绝佳的挑战。经过这次的学习后我发现自己的心静了很多，所以，什么都是一步一步来的，习惯和心态也是慢慢培养训练出来的。认真和努力了这就已经足够了。在以后的学习和工作中，我要有一个良好的心态，不刻意追求事情的完美 一直加油努力就好。不管最后的结果怎样 我都会坦然去面对。最后对魏老师和张老师对我的帮助以及指导我要深表感谢。总之一句话这次翻译让我收益匪浅，一定会对以后的道路会有所帮助。