第二军医大学张顺兴教授总结的医学英语前后缀

第一篇：第二军医大学张顺兴教授总结的医学英语前后缀

第二军医大学张顺兴教授总结的医学英语前后缀

医学英语中单词颇多,但医学英语的学习有个技巧就是学习前后缀,不过医学英语中的前后缀也说实话也有很多的.可还是有一些前后缀是最常用的,掌握了他们你其实可以猜出大部分的医学英语单词的意思.下面小辈列出这些最常用的供参考.1．人体主要器官前缀

名称 通用名 前（后）缀 常用形容词 示例

心 heart cardiao-cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology 脑 brain encepholo-cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology 肺 lung pulmo-pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology 肝 liver hepato-hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology 胃 stomach gastro-gastric gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology 胆 gallbladder chole-biliary holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy 肠 intestine entero-intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology 脾 spleen splen-splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology 胰 pancreas pancreato-pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy 肾 kidney nephro-renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology 2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀 名称 通用名 前（后）缀 示例

血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma 血管 vessel vaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular 静脉 vein veno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction 动脉 artery arterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis 肌 muscle myo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis 髓 marrow myel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma 神经 nerve neur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron 细胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte 尿 urine uro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital 体 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome 3．与数字有关的前缀 数字 前缀 示例

一（单）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional 二 bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide 三 tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve 四 tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia 五 penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride 六 hexa-hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund 七 hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent 八 octa-octahedral/octal system 九 nona-nonapeptide/nonagon 十 deca-decade/decagram/decaliter

注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）

4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀 颜色 通用名 前缀 示例

色 color chrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer 红 red erythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer 白 white leuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira 黑 black melano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma 黄 yellow xantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma 蓝 blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia 紫 violet/purple 绿 green 棕 brown brown mixture/brown ring 橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G 粉红 pink oink frothy sputum 绯红 crimson 青铜 bronzed bronzed diabetes 注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)含义 前（后）缀 形容词 示例

病 patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis /-pathy-pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy 病态-osis-otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis 增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis 减少-penia-penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia 无 a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia 小/微-let droplet/platelet/leaflet micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus 大/巨 macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly 复合/多 poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia 全/泛 pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic 6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)含义 前（后）缀 示例

相反 dis-disease/disorder/disability 困难/障碍 dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea 不良 mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice 炎症-it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis 瘤/块-oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma

血症-emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia 痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer 麻痹-plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia 流出-rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea 坏死-necrosis necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia 结石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes 7．与方位有关的前缀 含义 通用词 前缀 示例

上 upper/superior pi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal 下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous 前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis /pre-

后 back/posterior post-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac 内 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial 外 outer/external ex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial 间 between inter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse 旁/副 on the side of para-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal 周 around peri-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum 中心 central centri-/centra-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus /centro-反/对 opposite counter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication 注：in vivo/in’vaivou/活体内;in vitro/in vaitrou/活体外或试管内；in situ/in’saitju:/原位 8．与外科手术有关的前（后）缀 含义 前（后）缀 示例

切除-ectomy appendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy 切开-tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy 切（割）-tome tracheotome/thoracotome 吻合-stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy 成形术-plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty 整（矫）形 ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy 造影-graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography 经… trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral 注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀，如：ortho-acid（正酸）

-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy 心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录。9．与化学品有关的前（后）缀 含义 前（后）缀 示例 酸盐 ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate 醇-ol alcohol/propanol/taxol 醛-al retinal/methylal/propanal 酮-one acetone/progesterone/ketone

糖 glyco-glycogenolysis saccharo-saccharomyces-saccharide polysaccharide 酶-ase reductase/transminase/kinase 素-in penicillin/heparin/nuclein 原-gen allogen/antigen/glycogen 苯基/酚 phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin 氨基 amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine 10．与“作用”有关的前（后）缀 含义 前（后）缀 示例

杀-cide/-cidal insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal 抑-stasis/-static bacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic 驱逐-fuge febrifuge/centrifuge 抗-anti antibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen 去/脱/除 de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization 回/再/复 re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant 冷冻 cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant 否/去/分离 dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection 向后/退行 retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac