雅思写作基础词汇

第一篇：雅思写作基础词汇

Peter 雅思写作

雅思写作基础词汇

加号词汇

1offer a sense of …给予…感觉 2build up the experience积累经验 3cut down the expenditure削减支出 4generate the opportunities创造机会 5meet the needs满足需求 6promote the exchanges促进交流 7improve the skills

8enhance the development

9lay the foundation

10pave the way

11foster awareness

12cultivate the spirit

13master the skills

14widen the knowledge

15enrich the experience

16broaden the horizon

17realize the value of life

18overcome the difficulties

19grasp the opportunities

20remove the misunderstanding

21balance the work and family

22raise the living standard

23stimulate the imagination

24promote the integration

25dispel the conflict

26better the competence

27strengthen the relationship

28relieve the pressure

29establish the platform

30maintain the health

31make full use of

32stimulate the demands

33intensify the cooperation

34realize the dream

35achieve the goal

提高技能推动发展奠定基础铺平道路 培养意识 培养精神 掌握技术拓宽知识面丰富经历拓宽视野实现人生价值克服困难抓住机遇消除误解平衡事业与家庭提高生活水平激发想象力促进融合消除矛盾提高能力加强关系缓解压力搭建平台保持健康充分利用刺激需求加强合作实现梦想达到目标1

Peter 雅思写作

36speed up the progress加速进程

37fulfill the duty履行职责

38improve the facility改善设施

39bring the benefits带来利益

40protect the interests保护利益

减号词汇

1impede the development阻碍发展

2lack a sense of …缺乏…感觉 3impose the pressure施加压力

4mislead the children误导孩子

5evade the responsibility逃避责任

6violate the rights侵犯自由7undermine the stability破坏稳定 8restrain the freedom限制自由 9arouse the resentment触发怨恨 10break the rules破坏规矩 11trigger the dispute触发纠纷12go astray误入歧途 13undermine the culture破环文化 14endanger the safety威胁安全 15set a bad example to树立坏的榜样

16result in shortage of energy and natural resources17lead to the isolation导致疏远

18bring the disgrace带来耻辱

19suffer the loss遭受损失

20cause the illnesses导致疾病

21lack the infrastructure缺乏基础设施 22break the equilibrium破环平衡

23waste the time浪费时间

24lead to the degradation导致恶化

25widen the gap扩大差距

26contaminate environment污染环境

27jeopardize the health危害健康

28deceive the people欺骗别人

29aggravate the traffic恶化交通

30pay the price付出代价

导致能源和自然资源的短缺 2

第二篇：雅思写作高分词汇

雅思写作高分的取得并不是一件容易的事，大家需要掌握一定的写作技巧，词汇的应用就是最基础的。下面为大家搜集整理了两个关于词汇应用方面的雅思写作高分技巧，供大家在写作备考的过程中进行适当的参考和借鉴。

词汇语序不准确是导致大家不能拿到雅思写作高分的重要因素。

因为中文和英文的叙述方式的不同，词汇的搭配顺序也有很大的区别，所以在雅思写作中，常常会造成一些中式英语的文章，也就是说会写一些完全按照中文语序逐字翻译的错句。这样的语言表达会给考官阅读带来困难，会对句意理解出现分歧，如此一来，当然会大大影响作文的得分。

例如：“竞争合作意识”应当被翻成“the sense of competition and cooperation”。

许多考生在情急之下，往往会翻成“competition and cooperation sense”

这样的表达一旦出现比例较高，便会给考官造成语言不地道的感觉，也就难以取得雅思写作高分。想要掌握正确的词汇的表达顺序这个雅思写作技巧，大家需要在备考雅思写作的过程中接触更多的英语读物，形成英语写作的思维。

书写上存在简写或缩写也是倒是大家不能拿到雅思写作高分的因素。

很多考生在备考雅思写作考试的时候，不能区分口语用词和书面用词的区别，以至于把一些不用在书面表达的方式用在了写作上。口语与写作的最大区别便是口语较随意，而写作比较严谨。为了凸显作文的书面感，建议考生应尽量避免明显的或者大量的简写和缩写形式。一来可以让卷面看起来更加清爽，二来也可以给考官留下认真严谨的好印象。

典型的易写缩写的表达有：

It’s 应该写成it is

What’s more应该写成what is more,Can’t应该写成cannot

以上就是这两个雅思写作高分技巧的全部内容，包括了词汇的语序和词汇的简写和缩写两个部分。大家在自己的雅思写作备考的过程中，一定要注意这两个方面，只要不按照自己思考中文的思维方式来写作，就能大大减少这些可能性了。

第三篇：雅思写作高分词汇

雅思写作高分词汇

1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle

2损害： Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize

3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford

4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster

5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced保护：Protect, conserve, preserve

11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental要求 ：Request, demand, needs, requisition消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away导致： Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to

18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to

19保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably

21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim发生：Happen, occur, take place原因：Reason, factor, cause发展：Development, advance, progress有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous影响：Influence, impact, effect

28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear

29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose

30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to

31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe 33 大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly

34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation 35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that

36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle

第四篇：雅思写作分类词汇

雅思写作分类词汇

Education 类词汇

培养（某种素质）cultivate/ foster/ nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展 promote the student‘s physical, mental(或者用intellectual)and emotional development 心理健康 psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare(nouns)

学习能力（先天就有的）aptitude/talent 学习能力

（后天学习到的）ability/ skill 学生接受的学校教育（名词）schooling(noun)儿童接受的家庭教育（名词）upbringing(noun)

给学生以动力give the students motivation to do something 或者 motivate(vt)the student to do something 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youths

传授知识 impart(vt)/inculcate(vt)knowledge 灌输高尚的道德观念 instill(vt)high moral values(注以values 复数比试价值观)给学生以灵感 stimulate the students;thought 或者 give the students inspiration 家长教育子女的方式（名词）parenting/upbringing 教学法 teaching methodology/ pedagogical methodology

适应（动词）adapt to do something/adjust oneself to do something/ become accustomed to do something 适应能力 adaptability

就业技能employable/ marketable skill 学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握 students‘ grasp/ command(nouns)of what has been taught 限制创造力的发展 extinguish(vt)/ stifle(vt)/ constrain(vt)creativity(noun)

打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts)the students‘ enthusiasm 或者frustrate the students 产生不不要的压力beget/ create undue pressure

塑造某人的性格 mould(BrE,vt)one‘s character

责任感 a sense of obligation

学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器 student should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas.死记硬背 learn thing by rote.记忆方程式，公式，定理，定律 memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws(nouns)

应用apply(vt)

盲从 follow something blindly/ indiscriminately（adv）

用填压式教学教育学生 force-feed(vt)the students

来自于其他同学的压力 peer pressure

独立思考： think independently(adv)逆境 adverse circumstances /

团队精神 team spirit(noun)在理解的基础上学习learn things through understanding

鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题 encourage students to think critically(adv)学生的反馈 students‘ feedback 或者students‘ input

学生评价老师的教学students appraise / evaluate their teachers‘ performance 课外活动 extra-curricular activity

学校是社会的缩影 A school is society in miniature 不遵守纪律（名词）indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief(nouns)不遵守纪律的（形容词）学生 disruptive/ unruly students 通才 generalist

专才 specialist

全面发展的well-rounded /versatile

理论知识theoretical knowledge

为社会健康发展做贡献 contribute to societal well-being/welfare(注意这里welfare 不是―福利‖的意思)人文学科（文学、历史、语言学等）humanities

社会科学（政治、经济、社会学等）social sciences 艺术（音乐、雕塑等）arts

文科的总称

liberal arts 或者liberal studies 理科（物理、化学、生物等）sciences

工科（工程，自动化等）engineering 大学里的任何一个学科都可以叫做一个discipline

基础科学basic sciences

应用科学applied sciences

小学教育primary-level education

中学教育 secondary-level education 大学教育 tertiary-leveleducation

职业教育 vocational education/ training 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/youths Technology & media 词汇

尖端的技术 cutting-edged(adj)technology

信息爆炸 information explosion/information overload 信息时代 the information age/ the information era 无联网被广泛的使用 the proliferation of the Internet

科技创新及发展 technological innovations/inventions/ advances/ progressions(nouns)提高效率 augment/ enhance/ boost(vts)efficiency

提高生产效率 augment/ enhance/ boost(vts)productivity 减少人力的机器 labor-saving machinery 取代人力的机器 labor-replacing machinery

自动化 automation(noun)/ automated(adj)生物技术 biotechnology

克隆cloning(noun)clone(verb)

远程通讯telecommunications(noun)

太空探索（名词）space exploration 人的基因构成 one‘s genetic makeup/ one‘s DNA programming

实事current affairs

新闻界 the press

印刷媒体（如报纸、杂志）the print media

报道新闻的机构 news outlets

电子媒体 the electronic media

无处不在的 prevalent/ubiquitous/ pervasive 审查 censor

删除 delete/eliminate/ excise(vts)过多的暴力与色情内容excessive/ gratuitous violent and pornographic contents 有误导性的 misleading/ misrepresented/ distorted

诈骗性的 fraudulent

虚假的false/ bogus

报道非常详细的细节 report something in graphic detail 媒体炒作 media hype

夸大事实 exaggerate things/ blow things out of all proportion(最后一个口语化说法，但作文也可用)客观公正的 objective and balanced

揭露 expose/reveal 侵犯隐私 violate/intrude on/ infringe on /someone ‗ s privacy 毁坏某人的名誉tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch one‘s reputation 名人 a celebrity/ celebrities(plural)

丑闻 scandals

掩盖（丑闻或罪行等）cover up/gloss over/whitewash 不客观的，不公正的 biased/skewed/unobjective

如实描写 factual accounts

可信的reliable/trustworthy/dependable

及时的 up-to-date/ up-to –the-minute（后者比前者更及时）信息量大的 informative

娱乐性强的 entertaining

有新闻价值 newsworthy

道德准则 code of ethic 或者code of conduct Tourism 类词汇

旅游景点 tourist attraction/ spots/ places of interest

开阔眼界 broaden one‘s horizon 游客与当地人互动Tourists can interact with the locals

促进文化交流 promote cultural communication

亲身体验（名词）first-hand experience(noun)吸引 draw/ attract/ appeal to(vts)/ be a magnet for somebody 多种感观体验的（如听觉、触觉等）multi-sensory(adj)

冲突 conflict(noun, vi+with)

争端 discord/ dissension 把游客和当地人隔绝 seclude / isolate(vts)the tourists from the locals

商业化commercialize/ commodify（vts）

欺骗游客的手段 tourist traps 间接体验（比如通过电视或者互联网，名词）second-hand experience/ vicarious experience

文化遗产cultural heritage

互联网不会让旅游业过时The Internet will not render tourism Government 类词汇

当局 authorities

老百姓 citizens/ the citizenry(全体公民，不可数)

规范，管理regulate/ administer/ oversee(vts)

实施implement

立法 legislate/make laws

严禁strictly prohibit/ ban altogether

严格的法律 stringent laws/ legislation

监督scrutiny(noun)/ scrutinize(vt)/ monitor(vt)为…拨款 allocate money to subsidize(vt)/ be a patron of / invest in/finance(vt)/ fund(vt)dedicate money to something

预算budget

税收tax revenue

削减curtail 政府在某方面的开支 the government spending/ expenditure on something

增加augment

责任obligation/ responsibility 当务之急 priority

把…当成当务之急 give priority to something.军备竞赛 arms race

自卫 self-defense

国土安全 national security/ homeland security

缺乏远见的政策 short-sighted policy 扩张 expansion/ aggression

谋求霸权 seek/pursue(vts)hegemony 恶性循环 a vicious circle

地区不稳定因素 destabilizing factor 规章制度 rules and regulations

太空竞赛 space race

武器 arms/ weapons/ armaments

下岗工人 lay-off workers/downsize workers

失业 unemployment/ joblessness

基础设施infrastructure—比如public transport system 公共交通系统，power grid

电网pipelines

给排水系统等water supply and drainage system

民主与开放的政府 a democratic and progressive government Animals 类词汇

动物权益保护主义者 animal rights activists

医学研究 medical research 残忍的cruel/merciless/ inhuman/ callous/ brutal

活体解剖 vivisection

麻醉anaesthetic

减轻动物的痛苦 alleviate/ ease animals‘ pain 宠物是主人的伙伴 pets are companions of their masters

偷猎poach(vi,vt)/poaching(noun)给主人心理安慰 afford their masters consolation and comfort

某一种事物是没有替代物的 there are no replacement/ substitutes/ alternatives(单数则去掉s)for something.Language & Culture 必备词汇

一种可以通用的语言（比如英语）a lingua franca /a universal language/ a global language 英语的广泛应用 the proliferation of English

英语的统治地位 the dominant role/ the ascendancy / the hegemony of English 方言 dialect/vernacular/the indigenous language

小语种将会消亡 Lesser-known language will become extinct/obsolete 小语种的消亡 the extinction/ demise of lesser-known languages 文化遗产包括有形跟无形两种，有形的入历史遗迹，无形的入风俗，仪式，传统道德观念等

Cultural heritage can be divided into two groups, tangible cultural heritage, such as historic sites and intangible heritage, such as customs, rites, rituals and mores, etc.保护 preserve

祖先 forefathers/ ancestors 后代 descendants/posterity(后一个是不可数名词)

少数民族 ethnic minorities 民族团结 the harmony between ethnic group/ race

文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis 相互影响 interaction

文化多元性 cultural diversity 狭隘的观念 insular/provincial/parochial mentality

丰富 enrich 贬低 deprecated/ denigrate/minimize the importance of /disparage/discredit 某事不是一成不变的 something is not set/carved in stone Development类常用词汇

生活节奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerated

疲劳 fatigue 导致人与人的疏远create alienation between people

交通堵塞 traffic 过于功利的 materialistic/ mercenary/money-worshipping

扶贫poverty alleviation 追求最大限度利润 pursue maximum profit jams/traffic congestions/grid block(最后一个是不可数名词)

阻碍impede/ hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts)

富裕的 affluent/ wealthy/ well-off 就业机会 job opportunity/employment opportunity 贫穷的needy/ poverty-stricken/ deprived/destitute

撞车car wrecks/ car accidents

行人pedestrians 交通肇事者 traffic accident perpetrators

特殊审美价值的老房子 old buildings of special aesthetic values(注意审美观的英文说法是 aesthetic values 复数)有历史特殊意义的老房子 buildings of historic significance

民居 vernacular dwellings 让城市更美观 beautify the cities/ better the cityscape

摩天楼skyscrapers 破旧的房子 decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated

搬迁 relocate(vi,vt)拆除tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/ knock down a building

城乡差距the disparity between the city and countryside

城市化 urbanization

城市的 urban

乡村的 rural

在家上班（动词）telecommute

休闲leisure/recreation

精神上的享受 amusement and enjoyment

娱乐 entertainment/diversion 宽松的管理laissez-faire management

雇用 recruit 运营成本 operating costs/overhead costs

会导致效率降低的counterproductive 劳动力资源 labor pool

抑郁症 depression

失眠 sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia

爱慕虚荣的 pretentious/ ostentatious 人口爆炸population explosion/population boom

营养过剩 over nourishment 控制人口birth control/family planning

缺少运动的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle Environment 类常用词汇

生态平衡 ecological balance / ecological equilibrium

节约使用 conserve(vt)可持续发展 sustainable development

再利用（动词）reuse/recycle 环保主义者 environmentalists/ conservationists

保护preserve 对环境无害的environmentally-friendly

污染pollute/ contaminate 必须携手解决环境问题： must make a concerted effort resolve/address environmental problems.破坏自然资源 wreak havoc on natural resources

短缺 shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack 增强公众关于…的意识 raise the public awareness of something

毒的 poisonous/ toxic 给资源造成很大压力 put a strain on the already stretched resource

增加农产品产量 boost crop yield

可再生资源 renewable resource

不可再生资源non-renewable resource(金属metal, 矿产 minerals, 石油 petroleum, 天然气natural gas, 煤coal 等，后三种可以总称为fossil fuels)

消耗（某种资源）consume/deplete 用尽 use up/ exhaust

严厉的措施 harsh action/ measures 生态系统 ecosystem/ ecological system

生物多样性 biodiversity 某一地区所有的生物的总称 the wildlife in a region/the biota(=flora + fauna)of a region 污水effluent/sewage

排放discharge

温室效应 greenhouse effect /global warming

严重的severe /grave

白色污染产生的垃圾 non-biodegradable garbage / wastes that cannot decompose or break down/ inorganic trash 谴责而不是纵容 condemn rather than condone(vts)something

臭氧层ozone layer

耕地 arable land/ farmland 肥沃的土壤 fertile soil

贫瘠的土壤infertile soil Crime 类常用词汇

触犯法律 break/ violate/ flout/ disobey the law

犯罪 commit a crime

罪行offences/crimes/ criminal acts

罪犯 criminal/ offender/ perpetrator 从犯 accomplice /accessory(noun)

囚犯 inmate/convicts 憎恨社会 resent society/ hold a grudge against society

牢房cell 受害者 victim

心理创伤 trauma 被绳之以法be brought to justice

监禁 imprison

宽容的 lenient

执法部门 law enforcement 改造罪犯 reform/ rehabilitate criminals agencies

重罪 heinous crime/ flagitious crime/ felony

轻罪 petty crime /misdemeanor

初犯的人 first-time offender

惯犯 hardened criminals/ repeat criminals

再次犯罪revert to crime

守法的公民 law-abiding citizens

遵守法律 abide by/ comply with the law

无视… disregard

给某人造成心理创伤 traumatize someone

抓捕 track down/ hunt down/ capture 犯罪倾向 criminal tendency Globalization 类常用词汇

(一个国家或者地区的)文化特性（national or regional）cultural identity

全球文化同一化过程（名词，即地区文化特征的消失）global cultural homogenization 文化同一性（或者叫文化均质性，名词）cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity 全球化是一把双刃剑Globalization is a two-edge sword.Women & Family 类常用词汇

两性平等 gender equality

性别歧视 sexism/ gender discrimination 一个开明的社会a progressive/ enlightened society 被家务事拖累 be tied down by household chores 生育孩子 child bearing(noun)

抚养孩子 child rearing(noun)母性的本能 maternal instinct

家务 housework / household chores 老年人 elderly people/ senior citizens

家庭成员间的情感纽带 family bonds/ family ties

归属感 a sense of belonging

对…的依恋 an attachment to an affinity for something 贫穷的家庭 deprived families

富裕的家庭 affluent families 单亲家庭 single-parent household

虐待 mistreat/ abuse

家庭暴力 domestic violence

毒品上瘾 addiction to drugs/ be addicted to drugs

第五篇：雅思写作话题词汇(全)

雅思写作话题分类词汇

教育与学业

考试频率：★★★★★

Education and study 教育与学业

1、Teaching methods 教学方法

7、Generation gap 代沟

2、Educational facilities 教育设施

8、Adolescents’/Teenagers’ problems 青少年问题

3、Academic subjects 学校科目

9、Studying abroad 留学话题

4、Computer and learning(teaching)电脑与学习（教学）

10、Taking a part-time job 兼职工作

5、Personal development 个人发展

11、Parents’/Teachers’ responsibilities 父母/教师责任

6、Physical and mental growth 身心成长

12、Functions/tuition of university 大学功能/学费

真题重现

In schools and universities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study science subjects.What are the reasons? Do you think this trend should be changed?

Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as a good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

分类词汇加油站

1.scope of knowledge 知识面 2.lighten the burden of 减轻了…的负担

3.comprehensive knowledge 广博的知识 4.long-distance education 远程教育 5.enrich the teaching method 丰富教育手段

6.teachingpedagogical methodology 教学方法

7.schooling 学校教育 parenting、upbringing 家庭教育 8.impartinculcate knowledge 传授知识

9.multi-media teaching 多媒体教学 10.vocational education 职业教育 11.down-to-earth, practical 切合实际的 12.enlightening 予以人启迪的 13.perplexing 令人困惑的

14.the cultural diversity 文化的多元性 15.insightful 富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的 16.undertake the due obligations 承担责任 17.exam-oriented education 应试教育

18.develop our creative mind 培养我们创造性思维 19.widen one’s knowledge 拓展知识面 20.realize the value of life 实现生命价值 21.grasp good communication skills 掌握良好交流技能 22.cultivate a strong sense of responsibility 培养了强 烈的责任感

23.cultivate logical thinking 培养逻辑思维 24.rote learning、learn things by rote 死记硬背

25.cultivate，foster，nurture 培养

26.promote the student’s physical, mental intellectual and emotional development 促进学生身心发展 27.psychological soundnesswell-being 心理健康28.aptitude，talent 学习能力（先天）29.ability，skill 学习能力（后天）30.tap one’s potential 挖掘某人的潜能

31.go astray 误入歧途;indiscipline、misbehavior、mischief 不 遵 守 纪 律;disruptive students、unruly students 违反纪律的学生;commit crimes 犯罪 32.theoretical knowledge 理 论 知 识;practical knowledge 实践知识 33.university education 大学教育;vocational education

职 业 教 育;primary-level education 小 学 教育;secondary-level education 中学教育

youngsters、adolescents 青少年 35.develop linguistic skills 培养语言技能 36.comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识 37.face-to-face communication 面对面交流 38.stimulate one’s interest 激发了…的兴趣 39.increase efficiency 提高效率

40.enrich the teaching and learning methods 丰富了教学手段

41.be fully aware of…充分意识到…

科学与技术

考试频率：★★★★★

Science and Technology 科学与技术

1、Technological 科技产品

7、Medical advancement 医学进步

2、Information technology 信息与技术

8、Technology VS.arts 科技与艺术

3、Discoveries and inventions 发现与创造

9、Animal experiments 动物实验

4、Science VS.culture 科学与文化

10、Space research 太空研究

5、High-tech entertainment 高科技娱乐

11、Extending human life 延长寿命

6、Producing contaminants/resources 制造污染/资源

12、Genetically modified food 转基因食品

真题重现

With computer technology becoming cheaper and more accessible, more adults work from home and more children study from home.Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

In today's world of advanced science and technology, we still greatly value our artists such as musicians, painters and writers.What can arts tell us about life that science and technology cannot?

分类词汇加油站

1.exert a far-reaching impact on 产生一种深远的影响

2.cutting-edge technology 尖端科技 information explosionoverload 信息爆炸 depletion of resources 能源消耗

5.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备

6.technical innovation 科技创新

7.enhanceaugmentboost the efficiency 提高效率

8.the proliferation of Internet 互联网的广泛使用

9.technological innovations 科技创新及发展 10.labor-saving 省力的 labor-replacing 代替人力的

11.biotechnology 生物技术

12.a fatal breakdown 致命故障

13.potential hazards 潜在危险

14.pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁

15.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展

16.accelerate 加速…

17.transportation tools 交通工具

18.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源

19alternative fuel 可替代燃料

20.sustainable development 可持续性发展

21.scientific exploration 科学探索

22.substitute 取代

23.overcome difficulties 克服困难

24.unprecedented 前所未有的

25.see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展

26.aggravate 使恶化

27.levy the tax 征税

28.be viewed as …被视为是…

29.be concerned about …对…担忧/关注…

30.pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料

31.luxury 奢侈品

32.chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒

33.lay more emphasis on…把重心放在…

34.settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律

35.Impose restrictions on …对…实施限制

36.short-sighted 目光短浅的

37.non-renewable resources 不可再生资源 38.telecommunications 远程通信 39.a pillar industry 支柱产业 40.make full use of …充分利用

41.speed limits 限速

42.enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量

43.pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价

44.call for …需要…

45.overcrowded 过度拥挤的

46.headache 令人头痛的事

47.traffic accidents 交通事故

48.head-way 进展

49.conflict with …与…相冲突

50.major cause 主要原因

传媒与网络考试频率：★★★★

Media and the Internet 传媒与网络

1、TV and learning 电视与学习

7、Internet shopping 网络购物

2、Computer games 电脑游戏

8、Computer illiteracy 电脑文盲

3、Online communication 网络交际

9、Media and consumption 传媒与消费

4、Computers VS.teachers 电脑与老师

10、Children and advertising 儿童与广告

5、Nature of journalism 新闻本质

11、Global VS.local 全球与本地

6、Media and crime 传媒与犯罪

12、Virtuality and isolation 虚拟与孤独

真题重现

We are surrounded by all kinds of advertising, which significantly influence our lives.Do the positive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects?

Some think that computer games are dangerous for children in every way;others think that computer games help children’s development.Discuss both views and give your opinion

分类词汇加油站

1.paparazzi 狗仔队 27.sitcom 情景喜剧

2.mass media 大众媒体 28.soap opera 肥皂剧 3.entertainment 娱乐 29.affair 绯闻 4.journalism 新闻业 30.celebrity 名人

5.the latest news 最新消息 31.rise to fame 声名鹊起

6.exclusive news 独家新闻 32.invade one's privacy 侵扰了…的隐私

7.endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳 33.misleading 误导性的 定和安全 34.cheating 欺骗性的

8.news agency 新闻社 35.popularity 知名度 9.news block-out 新闻封锁 36.scandal 丑闻

10.news censorship 新闻审查 37.sensational 轰动的

11.freedom of the press 新闻自由 38.prevalent 普遍的、流行的 12.coverage 新闻报道 39.imperative 重要的、必要的

13.do reportage on … 报导… 40.audience ratings 收视率 14.hit the headlines 上头条 41.propaganda 宣传 15.issue 出版、发行 42.be abducted by 受…诱导 16.newsstand 报摊 43.purify one's soul 净化心灵 17.free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人 44.live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中 18.chief editor 总编 45.be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是 19.editorial 社论 一个巨大安慰 20.newsworthy 值得报道的 46.meet different tastes 满足不同口味 21.barometer 晴雨表 47.follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚

22.the barometer of public opinion 舆论晴雨表 48.be inconceivable to somebody 对来说是难以

23.live broadcast 直播 想象的 24.quiz show 智力竞争节目 49.impressive 给人印象深刻的 25.right to know 知情权 50.in the disguise of … 打着…的幌子 26.variety show 综合节目

国家与政府考试频率：★★★★

Nation and government 国家与政府

1、Government’s responsibility 政府职责

7、Funding arts 资助艺术

2、Educational policy 教育政策

8、Healthcare system 医疗福利体系

3、Assisting poor countries 帮助贫困国家

9、Housing shortage 住房问题

4、Measuring a country’s success 成功国家标准

10、Legal system 司法体系

5、Financially-aiding sports 体育投资

11、Space research 太空研究

6、Developing public transport 发展公共交通

12、Military defense 军事防御

真题重现 Some people think that government should only spend money on the construction of public services rather than waste on the arts such as music and painting.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The number of people who watch foreign films is much more than people who watch local films, describ the reasons and should the government provide financial support to the local film industries

分类词汇加油站

1.unemployment；joblessness 失业 2.infrastructure 基础设施

3.social security 社会保障 4.medical care system 医疗保健 5.public transportation 公共交通 6.public service 公共服务 7.essential sectors 关键行业 8.non-essential sectors 非紧要行业 9.private sector 私人企业 10.general interest 公众利益 11.welfare 福利

12.financial assistance 经济援助 13.shake offget rid of poverty 摆脱贫穷 14.authorities 当局

15.citizens;the citizenry 老百姓 16.regulate;administe;oversee 规范，管理 17.implement 实施

18.legislate;make laws 立法 19.strictly prohibit;ban altogether 严禁

20.stringent laws/legislation 严格的法律 21.scrutiny(n.);scrutinize(v.)monitor(v.)监督

22.allocate money to sth;be a patron of;invest in;fund;dedicate money to sth.为……拨款

23.budget(n.)预算 24.tax revenue 税收

25.the government spending/expenditure on sth.政府

开支

26.curtail 削减 27.augment 增加

28.give priority to sth.把当作当务之急 29.responsibility;obligation 责任 30.arms race 军备竞赛 31.self-defense 自卫

32.national security;homeland security 国土安全 33.short-sighted policy 缺乏远见的政策 34.expansion(n.)aggression(n.)扩张 35.seekpursue hegemony 谋求霸权

36.a vicious circle 恶性循环 37.destabilizing factors 地区不稳定因素 38.rules and regulations 规章制度 39.space race 太空竞赛

40.arms(n.)weapons(n.)armaments(n.)武器 41.laid-off workers;downsized workers 下岗工人 42.power grid 电网

43.democratic 民主的 democracy 民主

44.民主与开明的政府 a democratic and progressive government

生活与城市考试频率：★★★

Life and city 生活与城市

1、Life-altering inventions 发明改变生活

7、Keeping pets in cities 城市养宠物

2、Police and guns 警察佩戴枪支

8、Lifestyle decisions 生活方式

3、Relocation of enterprises 企业搬迁

9、Money VS.happiness 金钱与幸福

4、Housing problems 住房问题

10、Teenagers VS.adults 青少年与成年人

5、Protecting people’s privacy 保护隐私

11、Fast-paced modern life 现代快节奏生活

6、Popularity of fast foods 快餐现象

12、City plan 城市布局

真题重现

Some people think that a police force carrying guns can educate higher level of volience.to what extent do you agree or disagree？

In many cities, planners have separated schools, homes, shops, offices in specific areas which were widely separated from each other.Do you think advantages of this policy overweigh disadvantages to the city residents?

分类词汇加油站

1.urbanization 城市化

2.centralization 集中化 3.imbalance 不平衡 4.in the long run 从长远角度而言 5.infrastructure 基础设施 6.booming 繁荣发展的

7.tertiary industry 第三产业 9.revenue 税收 10.commercialization 商业化 11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤 12.water scarcity 水短缺

13.the environmental pollution 环境污染 14.over-industrialization 过度工业化 15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤 16.unemployment 失业

17.wealth distribution 财富分配 18.social instability 社会动荡 19.urban construction 城市建设 20.population explosion 人口激增 21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升

22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗 23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会 24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活

25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病 26.high cost of living 高额生活费用

27.pastoral life 田园生活

28.class polarization 阶级两极分化 29.social welfare 社会福利

30.give special care to … 给予…特殊关照 31.urban sprawl 城市扩张

32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具 33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务 34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力 35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上…

36.melting pot 熔炉

37.on the brink of … 处于…边缘 38.pollutant 污染性物质 39.waste disposal 废物处理 40.put the blame on … 归咎于… 41.be attributable to … 归因为…

42.ways of consumption 消费方式 43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失 44.citizen 居民

45.be confronted with… 面临着… 46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪 47.vicious cycle 恶性循环

48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施 49.give priority to … 优先考虑… 50.city planners 城市规划

工作与职业考试频率：★★★

Career and occupation 工作与职业

1、Interpersonal skills 人际交流技能

7、Changing jobs/careers 跳槽与工作改变

2、Stress management 减压

8、Part-time positions 兼职工作

3、Safty and health hazards 安全及健康危害

9、Graduate unemployment 毕业生失业

4、Telecommuting 远程办公

10、Work vs.family 工作与家庭

5、Women at workplace 女性参加工作

11、Qualification vs.experience 资历与经验

6、Job satisfaction 工作的满意度

12、Working in rural areas 去乡村工作

真题重现

Some people think that people working at home can benefit the employees a lot, not the employers.To what extent do you agree or disagree？

Nowadays, many people change their jobs frequently, some believe it is good for their development while others hold different opinions.What is your opinion?

分类词汇加油站

1.the tempopace of life has increased 生活节奏加速 2.social settings 社会环境

3.religious belief 宗教信仰 4.educational level 教育程度 5.a sense of belonging 归属感

6.sedentary lifestyle 缺少运动的生活方式 7.live a high-pressured and fast-paced lifestyle 高压力

和快节奏的生活方式

8.nurture a good state of mind 养成良好的心态 9.block out worries 争取减少忧虑 10.balance work and family平衡工作和生活

11.a means of self-expression 自我表达的一种方式 12.follow blindly 盲目追求 13.root in daily life 源于生活 14.over nourishment 营养过剩

15.create alienation between people 人与人之间疏远16.money-worshiping、mercenary、materialistic 过于 功利的

17.pursue maximum profit 追求最大限度利润 18.poverty alleviation 扶贫

19.job opportunity、employment opportunity 就业机会 20.promotion opportunity 提升机会 21.switching jobs、job-hopping 换工作跳槽 22.acquire a wide array of skills 发展多种技能 23.lack of self-motivation 缺乏动力 24.directionlessaimless 没有目标 25.egoism 利己主义altruism 利他主义 26.soothe the soul平缓情绪

27.utilised as a form of propaganda 用做一种宣传手段 28.enrich cultural life 丰富文化生活 29.enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量 30.conform the existing rules 墨守成规 31.satisfied with material comforts 满足于物质 32.spiritual needs 精神享受

33.achieve a balance between work and pleasure 劳

逸结合

34.time-conscious people 时间观念很强的人35.impoverished、destitute、indigent 贫穷的36.affluent、wealthy、well-off 富裕的 37.urban 城市的 rural 乡村的 38.urbanization 城市化

39.the disparity between the city and the countryside 城乡差距

40.relocate 搬迁 41.telecommute 在家上班

42.leisure、recreation、entertainment 休闲、娱乐 43.laissez-faire management 宽松的管理 44.operating costs、overhead costs 运营成本 45.labor pool 劳动力资源

46.depression 抑郁症/insomnia 失眠症 47.population explosion 人口爆炸 48.gender equality 两性平等

49.gender discrimination、sexism 性别歧视 50.child bearing 生育孩子/child rearing 抚养孩子 51.elderly people、senior citizens 老年人 52.family bondsties 家庭成员间的情感纽带

语言与文化考试频率：★★

Language and culture 语言与文化

1、Language and age 语言与年龄

7、Tourism and culture 旅游与文化

2、Learning a foreign language 学习外语

8、Pressing local culture 保护本地文化

3、International language 国际语言

9、Traditional architecture 传统建筑

4、Dominance of English 英语的主导地位

10、Cultural facilities 文化设施

5、Assisting artists 资助艺术

11、Culture vs business 文化与贸易

6、Cultural gap 文化差距

12、Working overseas 海外工作

真题重现

Some people think that international tourism has brought great benefit to the world’s economy, some others hold that it ruin the culture and the ecosystem.Discuss both and give your opinion.In some cities, the old buildings are replaced by many modern buildings.Some people think it brings more disadvantages.Do you agree or disagree?

分类词汇加油站

1.tourist attractions、tourist spots、places of interest

旅游景点

2.maitain、protect、preserve(v.)保护3.forefathers、ancestors 祖先 4.descendants 后代

5.ethnic minorities 少数民族

6.the harmony between ethnic groups/races 民族团结 7.cultural diversity 文化融合 8.interaction 互相影响 9.cultural diversity 文化多元性

10.insular/provincial/parochial mentality 狭隘的观念 11.deprecate/denigrate/minimize the importance of 贬 低

12.push back/expand one’s vision/ horizons 开阔眼界

13.promote cultural communication 促进文化交流 14.draw/attract/appeal to/ be a magnet for sb.吸引 15.first-hand experience 亲身体验

second-hand experience/vicarious experience 间接体

验

16.multi-sensory 多种感官体验的 17.conflict 冲突 18.discord/dissension 争端

19.isolate the tourist from the locals 把游客和当地人隔

离

20.commercialize 商业化 21.cultural heritage 文化遗产

22.the Internet will not render tourism obsoletes 互联

网不会让旅游业过时

环境与生态考试频率：★★★★ Environment and ecology 环境与生态

1、Environmental pollution 环境污染

7、Awareness raising 环保意识提高

2、Ecotourism 生态旅游

8、Transport and environment 交通与环境

3、Curbing car-using 限制汽车使用

9、International cooperation 国际合作（环境）

4、Endangered species 濒临灭绝物种

10、Sustainable development 可持续发展

5、Throw-away society 浪费型社会

11、Agriculture and ecology 农业与生态

6、Environmental improvement 环境改善

12、Biodiversity 生物多样性

真题重现

Many people hold that only international cooperation can solve the environmental problems, single person or country can not deal with such big problem.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people think it is not necessary to invest money on protecting the wild animals.Do you agree or disagree?

分类词汇加油站

1.ecosystemecological system 生态系统 2.cological balanceequilibrium 生态平衡 3.sustainable development 可持续发展 4.biodiversity 生物的多样性 5.environmentalistsconservationists 环 保 主 义 者 animal right activists 动物权益保护主义者6.environmentally-friendly（adj.）对环境无害的 7.conservation 节约

8.recyclereuse(v.)再利用 10.benefit from 从中受益

11.enhanceelevateraise the public awareness of …

增强公众的……意识

12.put forward valuable suggestions 提出宝贵建议13.shortagescarcitydearthlack（n.）短缺 14.participate in the reconstruction of the city 参与城市 重建

15.raise the environmental management level 提高环境管理水平16.create a pleasant ecological environment 创造出一

种和谐的生态环境

17.give priority to 优先关注

18.catch much attention 引起很大关注 19.deforestation(n.)砍伐森林 20.greenhouse effect、global warming 温室效应 21.discharge effluentsewage 排放污水 22.non-biodegradable garbage、inorganic trash 白色污染产生的垃圾/bio-degradable plastic bags 可降解一次性塑料袋

23.afford their masters consolation and comfort 给主人

心理安慰

24.infertile soil 贫瘠的土壤 25.fertile soil 肥沃的土壤 26.arable land、farmland 耕地 27.pollutecontaminate(v.)污染 28.poisonoustoxic(adj.)有毒的

29.consumedeplete(v.)消耗(某种资源)30.use upexhaust（v.）用尽(某种资源)31.harsh measuresactions 严厉措施

32.condemn rather than condone sth.谴责而不是纵容 33.combat desertification 防治荒漠化

34.curb environmental pollution;bring the pollution under control 治理环境污染 35.industrial solid wastes 工业固体废物

36.organic pollutions 有机污染物 37.environment-friendly agriculture;eco-agriculture 生 态农业

38.water resource conservation zone 水资源保护区 39.establish nature reserve 建立自然保护区 40.endangered wildlife 濒危野生动物

41.medical research 医学研究 42.cruelmercilessinhumancallousbrutal 残忍的 43.vivisection 活体解剖

44.easealleviaterelieve animals’ pain 减轻动物的痛苦

个人与社会考试频率：★★★

Individual and society 个人与社会

1、Personal health 个人健康

7、Stressful life 压力生活

2、Age of machine 机器时代

8、Healthcare and education 医疗与教育

3、Social responsibility 社会责任

9、Environmental responsibility 环保责任

4、Money and happiness 金钱与幸福

10、Disasters and violence 灾难与暴力

5、Saving for retirement 养老储蓄

11、Housing problems 住房问题

6、Team activities 团队活动

12、Law and order 法律与秩序

真题重现

Many people are busy with work and have less time to spend with families and friends.Why does this happen? What are the effects of this on family life and society as a whole?

Some people say that it is the responsibility of individuals to save money for their own care after they retire.Do you agree or disagree?

分类词汇加油站

1.urbanization 城市化

2.centralization 集中化 3.imbalance 不平衡 4.in the long run 从长远角度而言 5.infrastructure 基础设施 6.booming 繁荣发展的

7.tertiary industry 第三产业 9.revenue 税收 10.commercialization 商业化 11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤 12.water scarcity 水短缺

13.the environmental pollution 环境污染 14.over-industrialization 过度工业化 15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤 16.unemployment 失业

17.wealth distribution 财富分配 18.social instability 社会动荡 19.urban construction 城市建设 20.population explosion 人口激增 21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升

22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗 23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会 24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活

25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病 26.high cost of living 高额生活费用

27.pastoral life 田园生活

28.class polarization 阶级两极分化 29.social welfare 社会福利

30.give special care to … 给予…特殊关照 31.urban sprawl 城市扩张

32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具 33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务 34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力 35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上…

36.melting pot 熔炉

37.on the brink of … 处于…边缘 38.pollutant 污染性物质 39.waste disposal 废物处理 40.put the blame on … 归咎于… 41.be attributable to … 归因为…

42.ways of consumption 消费方式 43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失 44.citizen 居民 45.be confronted with… 面临着… 46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪 47.vicious cycle 恶性循环

48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施 49.give priority to … 优先考虑… 50.city planners 城市规划

能源与交通考试频率：★★★

Energy and Transportation 能源与交通

1、Public transport expansion 发展公共交通

7、Food export 食品出口

2、Increasing private cars 私家车增多

8、Space travelling 太空旅游

3、Traffic congestion 交通拥堵

9、Producing pollution 制造污染

4、Road security 道路安全

10、Cheap flight 低价飞行

5、Water scarcity 水源短缺

11、Resource consumption 能源消耗

6、Overuse of fuel 燃料过度使用

12、International tourism 国际旅游

真题重现

In some countries, air travel has become a much cheaper form of transport than in the past.Is this a positive or negative trend?

The number of cars in many large cities is increasing significantly nowadays.What are the problems it may bring? How to solve this problem?

分类词汇加油站

1.perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 完善

城市基础设施建设

2.implement strict vehicle emission standards 制定严

格的汽车排放标准

3.reduce waste 减少浪费

4.eliminate poverty and backwardness 消除贫穷落后 5.prevent and control pollution 预防和控制污染 6.reinforce the conservation of water and soil 加强水土 保护

7.keep ecological balance 维护生态平衡

8.adopt environmental protection technique 环保技术 9.strengthen the regulation and monitoring 加强监督和 管理

10.enhance the governmental intrusion 加大政府干预

性措施

11.promote legislative regulations 促进立法管理 12.establish and perfect the social security system 建

立和完善社会的安全体系

13.impose some restrictions on 对…实施限制 14.arouse people’s awareness of 唤醒人们的…意识 15.take some preventive(remedial)measures 采取一 些预防（补救）措施

16.enforce on-the-spot penalties 采取立即惩罚性措施 17.take proper guidance and support 恰当引导和支持 18.impose heavier penalty on 对…实施严格的惩罚 19.set down effective laws 制定积极有效的法律

20.urban planning 城市规划

21.break the ecological balance 破坏了生态的平衡 22.contaminate the environment 污染环境

23.promote the sustainable development of the city 促

进城市的可持续性发展

24.greenhouse effect 温室效应 25.strengthen pollution control 加强污染控制 26.popularize environmental protection knowledge 普

及环保知识

27.burning 迫在眉睫的 28.environmental degradation 环境恶化

29.at the cost of environment 以环境污染为代价 30.uncontrolled urbanization 城市化失控 31.motor vehicle exhaust、car emission 汽车尾气排放 32.exhaust purifier 尾气净化器 33.urban refuse 城市垃圾 34.protect …from overexploitation 防止过度开发 35.conservation of water and soil 水土保持 36.lead-free gasoline 无铅汽油

37.gas-fueled vehicles 天然气汽车 38.cell-driven vehicles;battery cars 电动汽车 39.slow down the rate of resource degradation 降低资

源消耗率

40.develop renewable resources 开发可再生资源 29.renewable resources 可再生资源 30.non-renewable resources 不可再生资源

人口与经济考试频率：★★★

Population and economy 人口与经济

1、Overpopulation 人口爆炸

7、Feminism 女权主义

2、Population ageing 人口老龄化

8、Industrial locations 工业选址

3、Governmental pension 政府养老

9、Global trade 国际贸易

4、Juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪

10、Economic gaps 经济差距

5、Crimes 犯罪

11、Youth unemployment 年轻人失业

6、Agricultural development 农业发展

12、Consumption patterns 消费方式

真题重现

In some countries, governments are encouraging industries and businesses to move out of large cities into regional areas.Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?

The proportion of older people in many countries is steadily increasing.Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society?

分类词汇加油站

1.saving 储蓄 2.investment 投资 3.expenditure 支出 花费 4.capital 资本资金资产 5.currency 通货通用 市价 7.demand 需求、需求量

8.supply 补给、供给、供应品

9.purchase 购买 10.inflation 通货膨胀 11.monetary 货币的金钱的 12.consume 消费消耗

13.distribution 分配、分发、配给物

14.taxation 课税、征税、税收、税款、估定的税额

15.externality 外部因素

16.trademark 商标 copyright 版权 著作权 17.restrict freedom 限制自由

18.invade privacy 侵犯隐私 19.depression 萧条 不景气 20.discount 折扣 21.financial 财政的 金融的 22.commit a crime 犯罪

23.breakviolatefloutdisobey the law 触犯法律24.offence、crimes、criminal acts 罪行25.criminal、offenders、culprit、perpetrator 罪犯26accomplice、accessory 从犯

27.resent society、hold a grudge against society 憎恨

社会

28.trauma 心理创伤 29.prison 监狱

30.imprisonincarcerate someone 监禁 31.victims 受害者

32.be brought to justice 被绳之以法 33.reformrehabilitate criminals 改造罪犯 34.law enforcement agencies 执法部门 35.heinousflagitious crime、felony 重罪 36.petty crime 轻罪

37.first-time offenders 初犯者 38.hardened offenders 惯犯 39.revert to crime 再次犯罪 40.hunt down、capture 抓捕

41.abide by the law、comply with the law 遵守法律 42.law-abiding citizens 守法公民

43.boost the sense of safety 增强安全意识 44.reinforce the police force and increase patrol 增强

警力和巡逻

45.miscarriges of justice 执法不公 46.deterrent effect 震慑作用

47.being closely monitored 受到严格监控 48.fear of reprisal 担心报复的心理 49.alert people to the risk of being victimized by crime

提高人们对于犯罪的警惕