朗阁雅思培训-雅思写作常用逻辑连接词

第一篇：朗阁雅思培训-雅思写作常用逻辑连接词

雅思培训 http://ielts.longre.com托福培训http://toefl.longre.com

雅思写作常用逻辑连接词 在雅思写作中，不同逻辑关系的表达就意味着要使用不同的句式结构，不同的连接词。因此，连接词在写作中是否能正确的使用就决定着文章逻辑关系是否合理。笔者在多年的教学中发现，有的考生不明白在写作中该使用怎样的连接词，有的考生不知道连接词的使用是否正确。本文中，朗阁雅思培训中心的专家将总结一些写作中常用的连接词。

一、常见列举用转折词语

1.for one thing, for another, above all things;

2.to begin/start with, next/besides/moreover, last/finally;

3.in the first place, in the second, in the third,(and)best of/worst of all;

4.one of these, another,(there is)still another(reason/factor);

上述词组的意思是：

1.首先；其次；最重要的是；

2.首先；然后/此外/而且；最后；

3.第一，首先；第二；第三；最好的是/最糟糕的是；

4.其中一个；另一个；还有一个（原因/因素）；

二、常见对比转折词语

1.but, but on the contrary, but on the other hand, but then;

2.by contrast, in contrast, in contrast with/to, as a contrast to, as opposed to;

3.by contraries, on the contrary, to the contrary, contrary to(A), opposite to, in opposition to;

4.whereas, while, while on the other hand, while on the whole, yet, however;

5.(as)compared with/to, by comparison, in comparison with, by comparison to

6.First..., Next..., Last...;

7.In the first / early / initial / infant period / stage / phase（或In its infancy）..., In the second / middle / adult / ripe period / stage / phase..., In the third / last / closing / later / concluding period...;

8.One step(way/course/approach/secret/trick)..., Another step..., Still another step...;

9.The first measure/step/move..., Next to it comes..., And the last/final/the most important measure...;

10.The direct experience/lesson/factor/way（或One lesson）...The indirect experience/lesson/factor/way（或The other lesson）...上述词组的意思是：

1.但是；但相反地；但另一方面；但是接下去；

2.通过对比；经过对比；经与…对比；作为与…的对比；作为…的对照；

3.相反；相反；相反；与A相反；与…相反；与…相反；

4.然而；然而；然而另一方面；然而整体而言；然而；然而；

5.跟…相比

6.首先…；其次…；最后…；

7.在第一个/早期/开始/婴儿时期/阶段；在第二个/中间/成人/成熟时期/阶段；在第三个/最后/结束/后面的阶段；

8.一个措施/方法/做法/秘密/计策是…；另一个措施是…；还有一个措施是…；

9.第一个措施是…；接着是…；最后一个/最重要的措施是…；

10.直接经验/教训/因素/途径是（一个教训是）…；间接经验/教训/因素/途径是（另一个教训是）…

三、常见对比转折句型

1.But the obvious(fatal/serious)flaw(defect/drawback)in their argument

(attitude/idea/view/action/behavior)is that.../But the basic(main/great/key/ big)problem with their argument(...)is that...e.g....that they are ignorant of(blind to)a bare fact: Social changes have attached new meanings and values to the division between good and bad.2.But if...it is(not)easy(difficult/hard)to see(find/discover)that...e.g.But if they adjust their frame of mind a little in the other direction , it is not hard for them to find that life is just as promising as before.3.Too much emphasis(attention/stress/concern/significance)placed on(given to/focused on/attached to/paid to)the negative(sunny/gloomy/bright)side of the issue, however, may...（如mislead/confuse/cloud/bias/disturb our judgment of it.）A

e.g...., however, may mislead us to form a pessimistic estimate of current

situations.或..., however, may stop us from rendering(passing/forming/having)a fair(correct/clear/infallible/wise)judgment on it.4.But in most cases/from the point of view of justice(objectivity)/as a matter of fact/in a very true sense, their(public/general)satisfaction

(dissatisfaction/disillusionment/concern)with...（或their criticism of.../their argument for/against.../their objection to.../their approval for...）can not.../is..., for...e.g.But in an impartial sense, the public dissatisfaction can not hold every water, for our society is still abundant in goodness and beauty.5.As a result of..., however, things would/are bound to...e.g.As a result of such an utter indifference to vicious behavior, however , things would be past saving/mending/all the hope.上述句型的意思是：

1.但他们辩论/态度/观点/看法/行为中的明显/致命的/严重的缺点/缺陷是…；他们辩论的基本/最大/主要问题在于…

例：…他们忽视了一个赤裸裸的事实：社会变革给善恶的区分赋予了新的意义和价值。

2.但如果…很（不）容易/难发现…

例：但如果他们稍微调整一下思路，就不难发现生活还是跟以前一样前途光明。

3.然而，对问题负面/正面/阴暗面给予/集中/附加了太多的强调/注意/关注会…（如误导/混淆/掩盖/歪曲/干扰我们对它的判断）

例：然而，…会误导我们对目前的形势形成悲观的估计。或：然而，…会阻碍我们对其形成/有一个正确的/清楚的/无误的/明智的判断。

4.但大多数情况下/从公正（客观）的角度来看/实际上/真正意义上，他们/公众/对…的满意/不满/幻灭/关注（或：他们对…的批评/他们对…辩解（辩驳）/他们对…的反对/他们对…的支持）不能…/是…，因为…

例：但从公正的角度来看，公众的不满并不都有道理，因为我们的社会仍然充满着善与美。

5.然而，作为…的结果，事情会注定…

例：然而，作为对不良行为全然漠视的结果，事情将成为过去，希望还在。

四、常见情景/参照物设定的词语或结构

1.when, if, the other day in a certain place, suppose/imagine/assume(that...), in(the)course/time of...for instance, in the event of等；

2.in the case of, as for/to, as far as...is/are concerned, The same is true of..., when compared with, in comparison with, by comparison等；

3.If there is anything that comes close to/is comparable to/with...,...there is hardly, a thing that compares favorable with/can rival...上述句型的意思是：

1.当…的时候；如果；几天前在某地；假设/想象/倘使…；在…期间；例如；万一…；

2.关于；关于；关于；关于…也是一样；当与…相比；当与…相比；通过比较；

3.如果说有什么能与…相比，那么几乎没有什么能与…（另一事物）相比/匹敌。

第二篇：雅思写作常用连接词整理

雅思培训班：http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet430/雅思一对一咨询qq：1613508081

雅思写作非常看重逻辑性，而这些逻辑性往往能够通过雅思写作连接词来体现，为此小编特收集整理常见雅思写作连接词，下面和小编一起来看看吧：

雅思写作连接词——Cause and effect 因果关系

标志词

1)表示原因的 because, as, since, due to, owing to(画横线的连接词请重点掌握)

2)表示结果的 hence(因此),thus(因此),therefore(因此),As a consequence,…(作为结果)Accordingly…(相应的)，As a result…(作为结果)Consequently…(作为结果)so…that…(如此…以致…)

E.g.The ecological problems are being aggravated.Hence, it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment.生态系统正在急剧的恶化,因此，我们必须采取严厉的措施遏制对环境的污染。

雅思写作连接词——Exemplification 举例关系

标志词 …is a case in point.(某人或某事是一个恰当的例子.)Take…for example.(以…为例)for instance.(比如…)To Illustrate…(例如…)As an illustration…(作为例证…)

e.g.The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate.Take China for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is standard practice for them to choose Hollywood blockbuster over domestic films.亚洲国家正以一种惊人的速度变得西方化，以中国为例，当年轻人去电影院的时候，通常都会选择好莱坞大片而不是中国电影。

雅思写作连接词——Comparison and contrast 对比关系

标志词 While …,whereas…,whilst…,in contrast

e.g.Whereas/ while modern man is so rushed and so stressed, our ancestors could often perform their business in a relaxed manner.(对比)

现代人的生活是如此的奔忙与紧张，而我们的祖先却可以不慌不忙的从事他们的事务。

e.g.The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced.In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.雅思培训班：http://edu.21cn.com/kcnet430/雅思一对一咨询qq：1613508081

雅思写作连接词——Concession 让步关系

标志词 Despite /in spite of …(后面只能跟名词 名词词组或者动名词)(尽管有…),albeit…(尽管 ,后面只能跟形容词或者介词短语), 形容词+as it may be…(尽管,前面只能加形容词),Nonetheless/Nevertheless,(尽管如此)

e.g.1 Tough as it may be to get accustomed to a new culture, it will prove very rewarding.尽管适应新的文化可能很难，但这会被证明是很值得的。Rote Learning is at times necessary, albeit monotonous.死记硬背有时候是必要的，很枯燥和机械。The government plays a crucial role in scientific research, Nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.雅思写作连接词——Definition 下定义关系

标志词 A is best characterized by…(A 最明显的特征是…),A constitutes…(A 构成…)A means…, A consists of …(A 由…组成).e.g.A fine journalist is best characterized by discipline, determination and keen

observations.一个好的记者最重要的特点是自律，毅力和敏锐的观察。

Animal experimentation, in some cases, constitutes callous abuse of test animals.雅思写作连接词——Supposition 假设论证

标志词 provided that…(如果)given the choice…(如果可以选择的话…)only if…(只有…)as long as…(只要)if…, suppose that…

e.g.Provided that we can minimize the pain of test animals, animal experimentation should be continued.e.g.Given the choice, many people would live in big cities rather than the countryside.雅思写作连接词——Modification 修饰关系

标志词 that, which, who

In this day age, we have a proliferation of buildings that look exactly like the buildings our ancestors built.Today, teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies, which has disturbed and alarmed many adults.以上就是汇总的常用七大类雅思写作连接词的全部内容，非常详细，对于其中的标志性词汇的总结更是对大家写作有很大的帮助的。大家在备考自己的雅思写作考试的时候，可以根据题目的不同，选择不同的雅思写作连接词进行适当的应用。小编预祝同学们在雅思考试中取得好的成绩。

第三篇：雅思写作常用连接词

雅思写作常用连接词(1)常用的连接词:

1)表层次:

first, firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place

second, secondly, to start with, still, furthermore

third, thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least

Also, and, then, next, besides

and equally important, too, moreover

Besides, in addition, finally

2)表转折：

by contrast although though yet

at the same time but despite the fact that even so

in contrast nevertheless even though for all that

notwithstanding on the contrary however in spite of

on the other hand otherwise instead still

regardless

3)表因果：

therefore consequently because of for the reason

thus hence due to owing to

so accordingly thanks to on this account

since as on that account in this way

for as a result as a consequence

4）表让步：

still nevertheless concession granted naturally

in spite of all the same of course despite

even so after all

5)表递近：

furthermore moreover likewise what is more

besides also not only...but also...too in addition

6)表举例：

for example for instance for one thing that is

to illustrate as an illustration a case in point

7)表解释：

as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely

in other words

8)表总结：

in summary in a word thus as has been said

in brief in conclusion altogether in other words

to conclude in fact finally in simple terms

indeed in short in particular that is

in other words of course on the whole to put it differently

namely in all therefore to summarize

在雅思写作的四大评分标准当中，连贯性与衔接性是其中的一项评分标准，连贯性与衔接性其中一方面就是用连接手段（即连接词）来实现的。连接词本身是非常繁琐的知识，在教授连接词时也会遇到很多困难，那么学连接词首先把连接词词性掌握并掌握各词性的用法，学连接词就简便得多。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，连接词大体可分为四种词性：连词，副词，介词和短语，它们各自的用法又不一样。

连词

如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。

例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished.(并列句中的连词)

段落开始： But how should it be achieved(连词放句首)

介词

如before, despite：后接名词或动名词

例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment.副词

副词连接并列句，前面用句号或分号，后面用逗号（当然，如果副词前用句号，那就是另起一句了，不称之为并列句）

例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven.However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age.(副词另起一句)

The crime rate is increasingly high;therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation.(副词在并列句中)

短语

如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样

例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves.For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion.The government plays a crucial role in scientific research;on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.(短语在并列句中)

掌握连接词的四大词性及用法以后，连接词的教学和运用就容易展开。我们可以参看考官范文，看看各类关系的时候考官如何使用连接词，使文章凸显出来。

因果关系

根据词性及用法可归结于:

because / since/ as / for, so(连词)，because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of(介词)

for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly(短语和副词)

例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away.（可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to）

转折关系

根据词性及用法可归结于

but/ while/ yet/ whereas(连词)

however/ nonetheless/ nevertheless/ on the other hand（副词和短语）

rather/ instead（副词）

rather than/ instead of（介词）

例：Because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunity for children to stay in their own home to 6 or 7.Instead, they will probably go to a nursery school when they are much younger.（可代替词汇 rather）

My own view is that there is no one major influence in a person’s life.Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting.(考官钟爱词汇)

递进关系

moreover/ what’s more/ furthermore/ besides/ in addition(副词)

in addition to/ besides/ apart from（介词）

例: Apart from these tensions caused by cultural differences, international tourism may also lead to conflicts between tourists and a local community.(可代替词汇：in addition to, besides)

让步关系

although/ though/ even though/ even if/while(连词)

in spite of/ despite（介词）

no matter how/when/ what（连词）

例： In spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied.They are allowed to buy whatever they want, no matter how much it cost(考官高分句式)

学生学习和教师授课时，可根据以上方法对不同的关系词（如表结果，目的的连接词）进行归类。

翻看考官范文，我们发现当中有些副词（最典型为 for example, however, therefore）放在句子中间，前后用逗号隔开，这种句式也是相当的经典。例如：

There is, however, another problem way of defining that part of the quotation.I think, therefore, that governments need to raise this awareness in the general public.They will, for example, be able to fly planes and they will be able to co-ordinate the movements of several planes in the vicinity of an airport.朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生，在连接词的学习当中，我们需注意理清连接词的四类词性及各词性用法，然后把不同关系的连接词根据词性进行整理，并广泛仔细的参考高分范文尤其是考官范文当中的优美句式，连接词这一块的分数是值得期待的。

第四篇：朗阁雅思培训-雅思写作高分句型

雅思写作高分句型

朗阁海外考试研究中心尧亿丛

在雅思写作中，考生如果想得到高分，除了需要依靠较出彩的思想、高分单词以及常见关联词外，还需要运用高分句型。在这些句型中，除了常见的从句（定语从句、状语从句以及名词性从句）之外，强调形式和倒装形式更是拿分的关键点。以下，朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家将对此类句型进行总结。

一、强调形式

强调形式总共分成五大类：

1.对动词进行强调（dodoesdid + V）

Sitting in front of the screen the eye and physical posture of children.Some people that the overuse of chemicals(e.g.Fertilizers and

2.双重否定可表强调

We cannot deny that receiving the distance education is drawbacks.3.比较状语可表强调 to develop the children’s ability of learning on their own.to deal with their academic life those who do not have the gap year spent in working or travelling.4.what引导的主从可表强调

is the failure of the government’s policies.5.强调句型可表强调, 所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但必须保证其结构完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等，但不能是定语或谓语。

should shoulder the responsibility to protect the endangered species.（对主语强调）member.（对主语强调）

the young unemployed would have the opportunity to get jobs again.（对状语强调）（对宾语进行强调）

注：强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态而定。即原句为过去某种时态，则强调句中的be就用过去时；原句为现在的某种时态，强调句中就用be的现在时态。有时还可以用It might be/must have been/can’t be…that等句式。

例句：

they spend longer time in travelling.young people.强调句的判断：强调句型可以通过“还原法”来进行判断，若删除强调句型结构后，句子能还原为一个完整的句子，就是强调句。强调句可以看作是用固定的表达-It is/was…that(which, who, whom, where, when)…, 将句子的某个成分（除了谓语）进行重点强调。但是，去掉这个固定的句型部分，句子本身并无任何变化。

二、倒装形式

倒装共分两类：全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是指将全部谓语动词都放在主语之前。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词，系动词或情态动词放在主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did, 并将其放在主语之前。

A.全部倒装：把全部谓语放在主语前。

1.there be句型（特殊的全部倒装句型）

There be…是一种较为常见的句子结构，通常用于表达“某地有某人或某物”，在使用此句型结构时，应注意下列问题：

1)主谓一致

例句：

There is little opportunity for children to stay at home until the age of 7 because their parents are both working.There are many reasons why we should not slaughter animals for their fur or leather.2)be动词可以是任何时间状态

例句：

There have been many government which invest a large sum of money in researching the space.There has been a discussion over whether children should be sent to school at a young age.3)在There be结构中除了运用动词be之外，还可以用seem, appear, happen, exist等。在这种句型中，谓语的单复数形式根据靠近谓语的主语而定。

例句：

There seemed to be no permanent solution to the disappearance of minority languages and cultures.2.there here now then放在句首时，句子进行全部倒装。

to realize the seriousness of this problem and take actions immediately.3.方位状语开头时，句子进行全部倒装。

On the internet are provided all kinds of entertainment activities.In books are embalmed the greatest thoughts of all ages.4.主语与表语互换位置（当主语过长而表语过短时，可以把主语与表语互换位置从而构成全部倒装）Important is that the government raises people’s awareness of the environmental protection.5.伴随状语开头（With或Along with放在句首时，句子应该全部倒装）With globalization have come many problems.B.部分倒装：只将情态动词、助动词或系动词放在主语前

1.only +单词、词组、状语从句位于句首，句子进行部分倒装。

2.以否定意义状语开头，句子进行部分倒装。

3.neither nor开头，句子进行部分倒装。

The financial incentive is not the only factor in encouraging employees, neither Economic success is not the only factor in achieving happiness, neither is social status.4.so开头，句子进行部分倒装。

5.让步状语从句由though或as引导时可用倒装，将表语放在句子最前面。as the mainstream form of education.6.so that引导的结果状语从句可用倒装。it.总之，如果考生能将这些原则运用到位，那么在雅思考试中写作成绩出高分是指日可待的。但是句型的熟悉还是在于勤奋的练习，所以朗阁海外考试研究中心还是建议众多的考生们勤加练习，在考试的时候才可以信手拈来。

第五篇：朗阁雅思培训-雅思写作议论文分类详解

雅思培训 http://ielts.longre.com托福培训http://toefl.longre.com

雅思写作议论文分类详解

一、分类简介：

A类雅思议论文写作按照不同话题分类，比较常见的有十大类考题，分别包括教育类，科技类，媒体类，社会类，全球化类等常见话题。而历年40多道考题场次虽然没有太大的波动，但是每年的重点考题分类却有比较明显的差异，这个差异尤其体现在2010年之后。

雅思考试至今，A类议论文考试每年40多场次中总有6-8次的机会是留给科技类考题的；这个出场次数虽然比不上教育类或是全球化的疯狂，但倒也一直有能力稳住。由此可见，考生在准备雅思A类议论文考试时必须要尽量熟悉科技类的各种考题常见的出法以及各种对应的理据。科技类考题一般可以分成纯科技类考题和科技产品类考题；而其中科技产品类的题目回答难度相对较低一些，毕竟不少常见的科技产品，如：电话，手机，电脑，汽车等都是考生平时常接触到的。所以，只要善加利用自己已然掌握的内容作为理由就不难应对了。

二、细节详解：

1.纯科技类考题

这个类别的考题，一般不涉及具体的发明产品，而是更多地围绕普通科技的影响，如：科技是否影响创造力，科技是否拉大贫富差距，科技影响传统技术甚至是科研经费以及科研项目由谁开展等。正因为相对抽象的内容考察，所以考生在准备过程中要做到真正读懂考题才能轻松应对，如考题中出现a simpler life就需要考生真正理解才能写的准确切题；又如gap between the rich and poor虽然是我们常提的贫富差距，但是到底具体指代的内容又是什么呢？又如何与科技结合在一起等。

1）关于科技发展的利与弊，考生要考虑到是科技的发展让我们的生活更加舒适和便捷了more convenient and comfortable;也缩短了人与人之间的距离shorten the distance between people;现代医学延长了寿命减轻了痛苦prolong people's life and relieve sufferings from diseases.同样的，也必须考虑到不利方面，如许多不易解决的问题如air pollution, environmental deterioration and the scarcity of natural resources等。

2）非科技实物类题目中必须要留意到太空探索的影响题，如Space travel to the moon is cited as a big step for the mankind.Some people think it made little difference to our daily lives.To what extent do you agree or disagree? 对于此类考题，最基本的是要准备好以下素材与词汇：a.外太空资源的开发对我们极为有益the discovery of

resources in outer space could be of great benefit.b.外太空可能成为人类的新生存空间new living space.c.带来许多有用的产品，包括个人电脑，心脏起搏器heart pacemakers, 也包括冷冻干燥食物freeze-dried foods, 都是直接或间接indirect的结果。

3）科技拉大贫富差距，最首先要了解什么是贫富差距gap between rich and poor.其实这题属于digital divide的范畴，考生也可以网络搜索关键词。一般说来如果考生了解贫富差距一般体现在收入，生活质量以及社会地位几个方面，那么就容易解答一些。只要拿着科技，对照这三个方面，分别说明是否有影响即可，如the rich可以利用科技apply to生产，取代replace劳动力，如此一来不仅降低cost而且获得更高的profit, 所以有钱人更有钱，而同时the poor are replaced and may get unemployed, 自然收入就明显降低了。

推荐练习真题：

1)Scientific and technology advances are benefits in our daily life today.However, most of scientists are no longer able to find the solutions of the problems they have created.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2)When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out.It is pointless to try and keep them alive.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

3)Earlier technological development brought more benefits and changed the life of ordinary people more than the recent technological developments ever will.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2.科技产品类考题

这一套考题是相对简单的题目，不论是考察的对象还是应对的理由，因为对考生而言足够熟悉也足够感兴趣。相信不少学生课间休息就拿出手机smart phone, 享受科技产品带来的各种便利和舒适，消磨时间to kill time, 了解时事current affairs, 娱乐放松get relaxed and entertained等。所以，如果考察到的刚好是此类考题有关手机的利弊，那么相信学生完全可以结合自己的亲身经历来完成这篇作文。而相似的考题还有关于电脑或电子游戏的利弊，也有该不该看电视，或是汽车的无限制使用以及飞行的利弊等等。另外，有两类考题必须要留意，分别是替代类考题（电脑替代教师，替代传统博物馆或图书馆，替代国际旅游等）和无脸交易类考题（bank transaction, shopping or even office work without face to face communication）。

1）讨论汽车的利弊，可以考虑：汽车可以使我们更高效的工作make us work more

efficiently, 更便利的生活life becomes more convenient and flexible, 更自由的出行allow us to move freely, 甚至是促进汽车产业的发展boost the development of automobile industry, 提供就业机会provide countless job opportunities.另一方面，过度的使用overuse或者是滥用abuse会带来一系列的问题a series of problems, 如：大量排放汽车尾气car exhausts等有毒气体poisonous gas, 污染大气air pollution, 危害健康cause actual harm to people's health;交通事故频发导致大量人员伤亡casualty等。

2）远程办公telecommuting等无脸交易毫无疑问对于社会有深远的影响，包括公司结构corporate structure, 员工的生活方式workers' lifestyle甚至是城市规划的改变urban planning。长期的发展无脸交易，那么办公室，商场，银行等都显得没有存在的意义了meaningless, 直接导致不少空着的桌子或场所empty desks or offices, 必然会影响团队的气氛social atmosphere of an organization,也影响同事之间的关系和沟通less contact and communication.当然对于员工而言，不用赶着去办公室或是不用赶去rush to营业时间内的商场和银行，必然能节约不少时间less time-consuming, 带来更多的灵活性more flexibility.此外，不用出门必然会导致高峰期rush hour路面车辆减少，甚至影响城市商务区的集中区域减小等a smaller concentration of offices in cities' central business districts。

推荐练习真题：

1)The older generations often hold some traditional ideas on the correct way of live, think and behavior.Most people argue that it is not helpful for the young generations preparing for modern life in the future.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

2)It is now possible to perform everyday tasks, such as bank transaction, shopping or even office works, without meeting people face to face.What are the effects it may have on individuals and the society as a whole?

3)The long-distance flight consumes the fuel more than a car consumes in several years time, and causes the same amount of pollution as cars.So some people think we should abandon the non-essential flights such as for tourism and it is more efficient than restricting the car use.Give your opinions about it.