第一篇：2018-2019学年高中新创新一轮复习英语人教版习题：必修1 Unit 5 高考试卷分块专练 Word版含答案
必修1 Unit 5 高考试卷分块专练
阅读理解提速练——练速度4篇阅读＋1篇七选五，限时35分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Bessie Coleman
Born in Texas, Coleman moved to Chicago to find a job, but she became interested in the stories she heard from pilots returning from World War Ⅰ.However, her race(种族)and her gender(性别)kept her out of flight schools in the U．S., so she made her way to France where she could learn flying.When she returned to Chicago, Coleman had difficulty finding jobs, so she chose to be a stunt(特技)pilot.She was the first black female pilot in the U．S.and was an inspiration to early pilots and to African Americans and Native Americans.Bessica Raiche
Bessica Raiche drove a car, shot guns and practiced medicine.Besides, she was an accomplished artist and musician.But on Oct.13, 1910, Raiche became the first American woman to make a flight in an aircraft by herself.Raiche's aviation career(航空职业)was short, as she moved to Southern California to focus on her career in medicine, later becoming president of the Orange County Medical Association.Willa Brown
Willa Brown was the first African American woman to earn both a pilot's license(1938)and a commercial license(1939)．As a former schoolteacher and social worker, Brown set up the Coffey School of Aeronautics at Chicago's Harlem Airport, which later became the first government-approved aviation training school for African Americans.Peggy Whitson
At 57, Peggy Whitson was the world's oldest spacewoman.She has spent 500 days off Earth — more than any other woman, and in 2008, she became the first female commander of the International Space Station(ISS)．She made her eighth space walk on March 30, 2017 and she beat the current record for women of 50 hours and 40 minutes of total spacewalking time.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。介绍了四位女性飞行员。1．Why did Bessie Coleman move to France? A．To acquire stunt skills.B．To find a well-paid job.C．To take part in World War Ⅰ.D．To achieve her flying dream.解析：选D 细节理解题。由第一段的“her race(种族)and her gender(性别)kept her out of flight schools in the U．S., so she made her way to France where she could learn flying”可知，Bessie Coleman到法国是想实现自己成为飞行员的梦想。
2．Who made a contribution to aviation education? A．Bessie Coleman.C．Willa Brown.B．Bessica Raiche.D．Peggy Whitson.解析：选C 细节理解题。由第三段的最后一句可知，Willa Brown创办了第一所政府支持的非裔美国人飞行训练学校。
3．What can we know about Peggy Whitson? A．She enjoyed her journey in space.B．She set some surprising records.C．She devoted herself to building the ISS.D．She set other black women an example.解析：选B 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，宇航员Peggy Whitson创造了几项世界纪录。
4．Which of the following do the four share? A．They are outstanding women pilots.B．They suffered discrimination at work.C．They never received good education.D．They have shown great creativity.解析：选A 推理判断题。由第一段的最后一句、第二段的“Raiche became the first American woman to make a flight in an aircraft by herself”以及第三段和第四段的内容可推知，这四位都是杰出的女飞行员。
B
Krubera Cave in the western Caucasus Mountains is the deepest known cave in the world.An international team prepared to descend into Krubera.The team members hoped to be the first cavers to reach a depth of 2,000 meters, brought five tons of equipment and other necessities with them, and established camps at key locations along the route.They worked for up to 20 hours each day.In the third week, progress was blocked at 1,775 meters by a sump — a cave passage filled with water that gives cavers few options.There are basically three techniques available: dive through it, empty it, or go around it.Gennadiy Samokhin dove to the bottom but was disappointed.“No chance to get through，” he said.Searching for a way around the sump, Garcia Dils risked entering a waterfall of near freezing water and discovered that his dry suit had holes in it.“The water was so cold I lost the feeling in my fingers，” he said later.He, too, was unsuccessful.Finally, two teammates found a way around the sump through a tight passage they called the Way to the Dream.The team was exhilarated.The passage led to yet another sump at 1,840 meters.After a short test dive, Samokhin emerged, smiling.There was a promising passage, he reported.But it would have to wait.After nearly four weeks, with supplies running low, the team had run out of time and would have to return to the surface.Four weeks later, a team of nine Ukrainian cavers led by Yuri Kasjan went back to Krubera.Following the path opened by the previous team, they reached the sump at 1,840 meters relatively quickly.After much searching, a pit(坑), later named the Millennium Pit, was discovered that allowed them to pass the 2,000 meter depth.More pits and passages led them to 2,080 meters, a spot they named Game Over.But the caving game is never over.Deeper caves will probably continue to be discovered and call out to be explored.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了探察洞穴者对世界上最深的洞穴——库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程。
5．Why did the team return to the surface after nearly four weeks? A．They were lacking in supplies.B．They had achieved their goal.C．They couldn't go through the sump.D．They gave their task to Yuri Kasjan's team.解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After nearly four weeks, with supplies running low, the team had run out of time and would have to return to the surface.”可知，因为物资逐渐短缺，探察洞穴者才被迫返回地面。
6．What does the underlined word “exhilarated” probably mean? A．Cheerful.C．Confused.B．Powerful.D．Exhausted.解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“two teammates found a way around the sump through a tight passage they called the Way to the Dream”可知，两名队员找到了通过水坑的通道，所以他们很高兴，故选A。
7．What is the text mainly about? A．The features of Krubera Cave.B．Famous caves around the world.C．A journey of exploring Krubera Cave.D．The importance of exploring Krubera Cave.解析：选C 主旨大意题。本文讲述了探察洞穴者对世界上最深的洞穴——库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程，故选C。
C
We have slow food, slow travel, even slow journalism.The slow food movement reminds us of the value of locally produced, seasonal foods, just as slow travel brings us back to local
traditions we miss as we fly off in search of peak experiences.In a 24-hour news era, slow journalism avoids the demands of the breaking story, revisiting and reflecting on old news.In almost every area of life, we are turning towards a world, where time is not a luxury(奢侈品)but a resting place and slowness is almost a necessity.But that doesn't happen in schools.Courses are forced into short half terms.From the moment we go through school gates to the time we get out again a few short hours later, there must be activity, busyness and speed.Reflection is out.We don't give students the time they need to read and they turn to second-rate substitutes instead.Why read Plato when you can read a book about Plato? The answer is that what Plato wrote is much more interesting, dramatic and enjoyable than any of the thousands of books that have been written about him.I once met a friend, a published poet.“How's the poetry going？” I asked.“It's been a good week，” he replied.“I wrote three lines.” Would we accept that rate of return from our students? Slow teaching means giving students time to read and think.How often do we demand immediate answers to our questions? Silence is more often uncomfortable than golden in the classroom.Slow teaching also means resisting the temptation(诱惑)to finish every discussion and bring thinking to an end.Slow teaching encourages us to work for as long as the topic demands, Additionally, slow teaching means giving students time to explore the natural world and scientific concepts and time to go outside the curriculum and further explore it.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。在其他行业，人们似乎已经接受了慢节奏的生活方式，但在教育领域，慢节奏的教学仍遥不可及。
8．What is suggested in the first paragraph? A．People find it a luxury to enjoy time.B．Being slow is becoming a movement.C．Slowness is a recognized culture now.D．It is difficult for people to slow down.解析：选C 推理判断题。结合第一段提到的慢饮食、慢旅行和慢新闻以及它们带来的好处可推知，慢节奏的活动已成为人们认可的一种文化。
9．What can we know about students' present situation? A．They live in a fast-paced world.B．They are more silent than active.C．They mainly focus on reflecting.D．They lack good reading materials.解析：选A 细节理解题。由第二段的“there must be activity, busyness and speed.Reflection is out.We don't give students the time they need to read”，第三段的最后一句和最后一段可知，学校课程紧张，学生学习忙碌，甚至没有足够的时间思考、阅读、探索，即
学生们处于一个快节奏的世界。
10．How can students benefit from slow teaching? A．They needn't have a long teaching period.B．They can bring an end to every discussion.C．They have enough time to think and learn.D．They needn't answer every question in class.解析：选C 细节理解题。由最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知，通过慢教学，学生可以有足够的时间进行阅读、思考、探索和学习等。
11．What may be the best title for the text? A．Should school curriculums be changed? B．It's time for a slow teaching revolution C．The way we read should be changed D．Is a speed-driven world out of date? 解析：选B 标题归纳题。本文主要表达了作者的一种主张，即slow teaching：减慢教学速度，给学生充分阅读、思考和探索的时间。
D
Stephen Hawking Warns Humans
Must Leave Earth Soon Professor Stephen Hawking recently came out with a serious warning for people.While at the Starmus Festival, a festival in Trondheim, Norway, celebrating science and the arts, Hawking warned people that the human race is in serious danger.Hawking criticized President Donald Trump for denying climate change.Then the physicist warned the audience, “I am not denying the importance of fighting climate change and global warming, unlike Donald Trump, who may just have taken the most serious and wrong decision on climate change this world has seen.”
Hawking proposed that the leading countries should send astronauts to the Moon before 2020 to restart a movement of more exploration in space.The BBC reported that Hawking suggested that we “build a lunar base in 30 years' time and send people to Mars by 2025”．
According to the BBC, Professor Hawking said, “Spreading out into space will completely change the future of humanity.” He continued, “I hope it would unite competitive nations in a single goal to face the common challenge for us all.” The physicist shared more ideas to motivate the younger generation to continue exploring space.Hawking stated, “A new and ambitious space program would excite(young people), and stimulate interest in other areas, such as astrophysics(天体物理学)and cosmology(宇宙学)．”
Hawking also revealed his vision of other forms of energy that could move us to a new planet.He warned the audience, “The Earth is under threat from so many areas that it is difficult for me to be positive.” He continued, “Our natural resources are being drained at an alarming rate.We have given our planet the disastrous gifts of climate change, rising temperatures, reduction of the polar ice caps, deforestation(滥伐森林), and decimation(大批杀死)of animal species.We can be an ignorant and unthinking(考虑不周的)lot.”
The professor warned the audience that doing nothing would lead nowhere.He said, “If we succeed we will send a probe(航天探测器)to Alpha Centauri within the lifetime of some of you alive today.It is clear that we are entering a new space age.We are standing at the threshold(开端)of a new era.Human colonization and moving to other planets is no longer science fiction, and it can be science fact.” Hawking advised the audience to move to other worlds because we are running out of space.语篇解读：文章引用了世界知名物理学及天文学家霍金的观点，阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中找一处新家的原因。
12．According to Hawking, what is the first step for humans to spread out into space? A．To send people to Mars.B．To build a lunar base.C．To send astronauts to the Moon.D．To change the future of humanity.解析：选C 细节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以重启太空探索，故选C项。
13．The underlined word “drained” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”． A．speeded up C．used up
B．stored D．explored 解析：选C 词义猜测题。由该词前面的“natural resources”和后面的“at an alarming rate”可以推断出，drain在这里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C项。
14．What is Hawking's attitude towards the Earth's future? A．Pessimistic.C．Positive.B．Confused.D．Indifferent.解析：选A 观点态度题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故选A项。
15．The reason why humans must leave the Earth soon is that ________.A．the Earth is under threat and the human race is in serious danger B．humans have found other forms of energy to move to a new planet C．a new and ambitious space program would excite young people
D．astronauts have found a better world in space than the Earth 解析：选A 细节理解题。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Some people choose to live in a flat sharing with others.Others can't imagine leaving their perfect flats to live with lots of other people.If you live alone, you're responsible for your own space.If you need your quiet space, you're guaranteed to have it.__1__ And you can catch up with work without being interrupted or have a long and undisturbed bath.However, there's no one around if you need a helping hand.If something gets broken, you'll have to fix it yourself.__2__ You don't have friends at home to invite you out and help you meet people.There's no one at home to have a cup of tea with and talk about how your day was.__3__ Sometimes when you get home, the cake your colleague gave you as a thank-you present is mysteriously gone.Whenever you want a relaxing bath, there's no hot water left and someone wants to come in every five minutes.It's also rarely quiet.Someone always seems to have a birthday party when you want to go to bed early.But in spite of all that, there can be some wonderful moments, like waking up to the sound of the hoover(吸尘器)．__4__ And when you come home after a long day, you find your housemates making pizza with leftover vegetables while you watch a film.__5__ So, what's your choice? A．You can be alone quite a lot.B．That's when it all seems worth it.C．You don't have to share the sofa with anyone.D．Living alone has become more popular in recent years.E．It's not all good when you live with other people, though.F．You will realize how important your friends and family are.G．You will realize someone else is doing the cleaning for a change.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了独自生活以及与别人合住的优缺点。1．选C 本空承接上文，是对上一句“If you need your quiet space, you're guaranteed to have it.”的举例：如果你需要安静的空间，你肯定会拥有它。你不需要和别人分享沙发。
2．选A 本空后两句是对这一处内容的具体说明：你不会收到舍友的外出邀请，也没有人和你在家里边喝茶边聊天；由此可推知，本空是指你会经常感到孤独。
3．选E 根据下文内容可知，本段谈论了和别人住在一起也并不总是那么美好。4．选G 本空承接上一句中提到的那些美妙时刻中的一种情况：在吸尘器的声音中醒来，你会意识到有人正在打扫房间。
5．选B 本空是对最后一段内容的概括：这些美妙的时刻会使你感到做出和别人住在一起这个选择是值得的。
第二篇：2018-2019学年高中新创新一轮复习英语外研版：选修7 Module 5 高考试卷分块专练
选修7 Module 5 高考试卷分块专练
语言知识运用保分练1篇完形＋1篇语法填空，限时25分钟
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2018·重庆市重点中学协作体高考适应性考试)It was a sunny day when my dad and I were arriving at his company.We __1__ the car and got out of it.I __2__ and saw a gray thing on the ground.I thought it was a __3__，but it started to move.As we approached we __4__ that it was a small wounded dog.We were so moved by the __5__ that we decided to help the __6__ dog.We bought some dog food in the store across the street and got some __7__ water for the dog, in order to help him regain __8__.He was desperate __9__ while we were giving him the food and water he almost __10__ his head in them.Once he had eaten we encouraged him to move;__11__，he could not.My dad tried to take him in his arms, but he started barking due to a wounded bleeding paw.__12__，we made a decision to carry him on a small stretcher(担架)to our __13__.Rapidly, we took him to the vet's for him to receive __14__ treatment.The vet told us that he had a broken leg and that he had been __15__ for days.He got out of the vet's office after 5 days of __16__，and we decided to look for a __17__ for him.He was finally __18__ by one of my dad's workers and is living __19__.In conclusion, I learned from this that everybody can do an act of kindness.Everyone __20__ a second chance to be happy.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和父亲一起救助一只受伤的狗，最终狗被一个好心人收养的经历。通过这个故事，作者告诉我们每个人都能尽一份爱心，每个人都拥有再次快乐的机会。
1．A.left
C．drove
B．parked D．boarded 解析：选B 根据上文中的“were arriving at his company”及下文中的“got out of it”可知，作者和父亲把车停(parked)好后下了车。
2．A.looked around C．passed by
B．came up D．went away 解析：选A 作者环顾(looked around)四周，看见地面上有一个灰色的东西。come up“走近，上来”；pass by“路过，经过”；go away“走开，离开”。
3．A.plastic box C．garbage bag
B．rubbish bin D．metal can
解析：选C 作者以为它是一个垃圾袋，但是它开始移动了。根据上文的“saw a gray thing on the ground”和下文的“it was a small wounded dog”可知，只有garbage bag和gray thing, dog能联系起来。
4．A.remembered C．expected
B．admitted D．realized 解析：选D 当作者和父亲走近时，他们才意识到那是一只受伤的小狗。remember“记得，记住”；admit“承认”；expect“期待，期望”；realize“意识到”。
5．A.scene C．condition
B．view D．situation 解析：选A 作者和父亲被眼前的这一幕(scene)打动了，决定帮助这只可怜的小狗。view“风景，视野”；condition“状态，状况”；situation“情况，局面”。
6．A.lucky C．poor
B．missing D．lovely 解析：选C 参见上题解析。poor“可怜的，不幸的”。7．A.pure C．sweet
B．salty D．delicious 解析：选A 作者和父亲在街对面的商店买了一些狗粮并弄了一些纯净(pure)水来帮助它恢复体力。
8．A.power C．energy
B．strength D．spirit 解析：选B 参见上题解析。power“动力”；strength“体力，力气”；energy“精力”；spirit“精神”。
9．A.even if C．so that
B．as if D．in that 解析：选C 前后句之间是原因和结果的关系，故用so that“因此，结果”引导结果状语从句。in that“因为”，引导原因状语从句。
10．A.hurt C．shook
B．abandoned D．buried 解析：选D 根据上文中的“He was desperate”可知，小狗非常需要食物和水，因此当作者和父亲提供给它食物和水时，它差点儿把它的头埋(buried)在其中。
11．A.therefore C．instead
B．besides D．however 解析：选D 小狗一吃完，作者和父亲就鼓励它动一动，但是，它动弹不得。根据语境可知，本空应填表示转折的however。
12．A.In the end C．In fact
B．At first D．At one time 解析：选A 最后，作者和父亲决定用小担架把狗带到他们的车上。in the end“最后”；at first“起初”；in fact“事实上”；at one time“一度”。
13．A.car C．home
解析：选A 参见上题解析。14．A.affordable C．immediate
B．free D．available B．company D．office 解析：选C 很快，作者和父亲带小狗去看了兽医，以便它能得到及时的治疗。affordable“负担得起的”；free“免费的”；immediate“立即的，即刻的”；available“可利用的，可得到的”。
15．A.continuing C．surviving
B．struggling D．starving 解析：选D 根据常识可知，兽医应是对狗的身体状况作评论，故此处应表示“兽医告诉我们它腿受伤了，而且饿了好几天”，故选starving“挨饿”。第三段的“He was desperate”也是暗示。
16．A.operation C．exercise
B．recovery D．adjustment 解析：选B 经过五天的恢复(recovery)，小狗得以从兽医诊所出来了，作者和父亲决定为它找一个家。
17．A.hospital C．market
解析：选D 参见上题解析。18．A.supported C．received
B．adapted D．adopted B．unit D．family 解析：选D 根据上文提到的作者和父亲要给狗找一个家的内容可知，作者父亲公司的一名工作人员最终领养(adopted)了这只狗。support“供养，支持”；adapt“适应”；receive“收到”。
19．A.happily C．easily
B．positively D．simply 解析：选A 结合全文来考虑，这只受伤的狗被作者和父亲救助，然后又被好心人收养，问题最终被圆满地解决，故happily最契合全文主旨。下文中的“to be happy”亦是提示。
20．A.demands
B．deserves
C．allows D．shares 解析：选B 作者通过救治受伤的狗得出启示：每个人都能尽一份爱心，每个人都值得(deserves)拥有再次快乐的机会。demand“需要”；allow“允许”；share“分享”。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2018·新疆维吾尔自治区高考适应性检测)Nowadays reference books have become a problem of great concern for __1__ the teachers and the students.There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market.A smart use of these books is certainly __2__(benefit), but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems.First of all, reference books might make the students less attentive in class.__3__(arm)with reference books, many students may think that they know __4__ the teacher is going to talk about.So they may not listen to the teacher in class at all.Secondly, some students rely on reference books too much, which is unfavorable to the __5__(improve)of their ability to work __6__ the solutions by themselves.Thirdly, there are some reference books with many mistakes, which might __7__(lead)students.Considering the above-mentioned, we should be careful in selecting and __8__(use)reference books.Firstly, we should check the contents of the books carefully but not only pay attention to the brands of publishing houses.__9__(additional), we can turn to our teachers and classmates for recommendation.Besides, reference books are just __10__ assistant, so we should not rely on them too much.Only in this way can we make full use of reference books.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了参考书的利弊及如何正确选择参考书。1．both 固定搭配both...and...意为“两者都”，符合语境，故用both。2．beneficial 此处应用形容词作系动词is的表语。
3．Armed arm和句子谓语之间没有连词，故该处用非谓语动词，且和句子主语students之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。
4．what 空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，代指物的概念，故用what。5．improvement 根据语境中的定冠词the和介词of可知，此处用名词形式。6．out 固定搭配work out意为“解决”，符合语境。
7．mislead 根据语境中的“with many mistakes”可知，这些错误百出的参考书有可能误导学生。
8．using 根据语境中的and提示可知，此处与selecting呼应，故用动名词using作介词in的宾语。
9．Additionally 与语境中逗号呼应可知，此处用副词作状语。
10．an assistant是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且assistant的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。
第三篇：2018-2019学年高中新创新一轮复习政治通用版：课时检测(二十二) 文化对人的影响 Word版含答案
课时检测（二十二）
文化对人的影响
一、选择题
1．“告诉我，我会忘记；给我看，我会记住；让我参与，我会理解”。某地依托互联网搭建的虚拟博物馆，让静态文物“活”了起来，让人们足不出户就能领略其魅力，省钱、省时、省力，还能享受到互动性极强的沉浸式体验。这一做法体现的道理是（）A．发展文化产业，保障人民群众的文化权益 B．文化对人的影响来自特定的文化环境和文化活动 C．人民群众是社会实践的主体，也是文化创造的主体 D．大众传媒完全超越时空的局限，成为文化传播的主要手段
解析：选B 某地依托互联网搭建的虚拟博物馆，让静态文物“活”了起来，让人们足不出户就能领略其魅力，从而更好地让人们享受到互动性极强的沉浸式体验，这表明了文化对人的影响来自特定的文化环境和文化活动，故B项正确；A项错误，发展文化事业，保障人民群众的文化权益；C、D 两项表述与题意无关。
2．中华民族的“家”文化使人们对“家”有着强烈的热爱眷恋，“孝”文化使人们把赡养老人为之尽孝看作人生之大事。在我国，90%的老年人认为居家养老是自己最中意的养老方式。由此可见（）①文化决定人们的交往行为和交往方式 ②文化影响人们的实践活动、认识活动
③文化对人的影响来自特定的文化环境 ④传统文化具有顺应变动性
A．②③
C．①②
B．①④ D．③④
解析：选A ①说法错误，文化影响人们的交往行为和交往方式；④说法错误，传统文化与时代相符可以起到促进社会发展的作用，否则会阻碍社会的进步；“90%的老年人认为居家养老是自己最中意的养老方式”是受到中华民族的“家”文化的影响，故②③符合题意，入选。
3．目前，我国农民工流动就业成为经济社会发展中一个不可忽视的重要力量，为加强对流动人口的管理和提供有效服务，基层组织加快公共文化服务体系建设，流动就业人口享受公共文化服务，增强对新城市文化的认同感，树立“家园观念”。这表明（）①文化建设致力于消除人与人之间的文化差异 ②文化观念的形成需要一定的文化载体 ③公共文化服务体系决定了文化观念的形成 ④人的文化观念或文化意识受文化环境影响 A．①③
C．①④
B．②③ D．②④
解析：选D ①说法错误，文化差异是客观存在的，不能消除；公共文化服务体系影
响文化观念的形成，不能起决定作用，③说法错误，排除；②④符合题意，入选。
4．“节省一分零钱，献出一份爱心，托起一份希望，温暖世间真情。”这朗朗上口的公益广告语使人们的言行悄然发生了可喜变化。这表明文化对人的影响具有（）A．深远持久的特点
C．潜移默化的特点
B．相对稳定性的特点 D．鲜明民族性的特点
解析：选C 本题主要考查文化对人影响的特点。“悄然”一词表明了文化对人的影响往往是无形的、非强制的，体现了潜移默化的特点。
5．清理了野蛮的混沌，心灵才会荡起纯净的清波；扫除了愚昧的灰尘，思想才会绽放美丽的花朵。这对我们的启示是（）A．文化对个人的发展具有决定作用 B．民族文化也有精华与糟粕之分 C．要积极主动地接受健康向上的文化 D．要提供多种类型、多种风格的文化产品
解析：选C 文化是经济、政治的反映，文化对人有影响，但不起决定作用，所以A项错误；材料说明的是去除了文化中的糟粕，才能使人的思想积极向上，这启示我们要积极主动地接受健康向上的文化，而不是强调民族文化中的精华与糟粕，B项不符合题意，C项正确；D项强调的是应该如何发展大众文化，与材料无关。
6．世界精神卫生组织把每年的5月8日订立为“世界微笑日”，希望通过微笑促进人类身心健康，同时在人与人之间传递愉悦与友善是最美丽的语言，当每个人每天笑容洋溢，开心喜乐，没有纷争，没有烦恼，人心洗涤了，心灵冲化了，社会因此而祥和。这说明（）①文化影响人们的交往行为和交往方式 ②人们的精神活动离不开物质活动 ③人们在社会实践中创造发展和享用文化 ④文化是人们认识世界和改造世界的物质力量
A．①②
C．①③
B．③④ D．②④
解析：选C “当每个人每天笑容洋溢，开心喜乐，没有纷争，没有烦恼，人心洗涤了，心灵冲化了，社会因此而祥和”说明文化影响人们的交往行为和交往方式，①符合题意，入选；“希望通过微笑促进人类身心健康，同时在人与人之间传递愉悦与友善是最美丽的语言”体现③；②与题意无关；④说法错误，文化是一种精神力量，可以转化为物质力量。
7．广大劳模以其艰苦奋斗的拼搏精神，激励着我们在自己的岗位上不断创新、寻求突破，克服一切困难，为社会的不断进步贡献自己的力量。这说明了劳模精神（）①促进人们塑造完美的人格 ②激励人们创造美好的未来
③对人的影响是无形的、强制的 ④影响人们的实践活动和认识活动 A．①③
B．①④
C．②③
D．②④
解析：选D 材料说明了劳模精神给人们的实践活动和认识活动带来的影响，它能激励着人们去创造美好的未来，故②④符合题意，入选；①与题意不符；③说法错误，文化对人的影响是潜移默化的，不是强制的。
8．对作者而言，诗是“瞬间幸福的记录”“强烈感情的自然迸发”，散发着“成熟的理性”；对读者而言，“诗如禅机、在于参悟”，而“有灵魂的人可以在诗中找到知己”，形成新的自我。材料告诉我们（）①优秀文化能塑造人生、促进人的全面发展 ②文化是人类社会特有的现象 ③文化对人的影响具有深远持久的特点 ④应主动接受优秀文化的熏陶
A．①②
C．②③
B．①④ D．③④
解析：选B 材料体现优秀文化对人的影响，故①符合题意；因为优秀文化对人有积极的影响，所以我们要主动接受优秀文化的熏陶，④符合题意；②③与题意不符，排除。
9．受农村文化礼堂建设的启示，某县政府和企业把“文化车间”建设提上议事日程并积极推动企业文化建设。政府和企业这样做的理由有（）①“文化车间”建设能够丰富职工的精神世界 ②“文化车间”建设会直接影响企业经济效益 ③人们的精神产品源自物质载体 ④文化对人的影响离不开特定的文化环境
A．①②
C．②③
B．①④ D．③④
解析：选B 政府和企业重视企业文化建设，原因在于看到了企业文化对人的影响，①④正确切题；②中“直接”一词说法错误，“文化车间”建设会影响企业的经济效益，但不是直接影响，而是间接的，需通过人的实践活动才能转化为现实生产力；③中“源自”一词说法错误，人们的精神产品离不开物质载体，而不是源自物质载体。
10．《中国成语大会》自开播以来，节目的收视率节节攀升，在互联网上也掀起了成语狂欢。关于成语，以下认识正确的是（）①承载着丰富和厚重的人文内涵，传承中华文化基因 ②表达着社会主义核心价值观，促进人的全面发展 ③具有独特的语境之美，丰富着人们的精神世界 ④能扩大中华文化的对外影响力和感召力 A．①②
C．①③
B．②④ D．③④
解析：选C 成语属于文学艺术，承载着丰富和厚重的人文内涵，传承中华文化基因；具有独特的语境之美，丰富着人们的精神世界，①③说法符合题意；②夸大了成语的作用；④中华文化的对外影响力在材料中没有体现。
11．沐浴着谦虚谨慎、律己以严的家教熏陶，人会多一些手握戒尺、心存敬畏的自觉。相反，在急功近利、爱慕虚荣的家风环境中长大的人很难想象会严以用权、实以谋事、动尊法度。这表明（）①文化影响人的实践和认识活动 ②文化环境决定人的行事方式 ③文化总会无形地塑造人的品格 ④文化源于实践并塑造着每个人
A．①②
C．②④
B．①③ D．③④
解析：选B 材料强调不同的家风潜移默化地影响着人的品格和行为方式，这体现了①③；文化环境不能决定人的行事方式，②不选；④与题意无关。
12．近年来，我国不断推进文化体制改革，文化事业得到繁荣发展，这不仅改变了每一座城市，更改变了每一个人，百姓生活“更幸福更有尊严”。这说明（）①文化是人类社会赖以存在、发展的基础 ②文化对人的影响具有潜移默化的特点 ③优秀文化能塑造人生，促进人的全面发展 ④文化能够转化为物质力量，促进社会发展 A．①②
C．②③
B．①④ D．③④
解析：选C ①表述错误，物质资料的生产是人类社会赖以存在、发展的基础；④后半句话表述错误，文化有先进和落后之分，并不是所有文化都能促进社会发展；②③正确切题，该题正确答案为C项。
二、非选择题
13．人民有信仰，民族有希望，国家才有力量。信仰，如导航的灯塔，如奋进的号角，当年曾让红军上下一心、紧密团结，战胜重重艰难险阻。今天，在决胜全面小康、实现中国梦的新征程上，理想信念更是我们砥砺奋进的强大动力。
根据材料，运用“文化对人的影响”的有关知识，谈谈你对“人民有信仰，国家才有力量”的理解。
解析：设问限定的是“文化对人的影响”的知识，可以从文化对人的影响的来源、表现、特点、塑造人生等几方面作答，再结合材料组织答案即可。
答案：①文化是人创造的，文化反过来又影响人，文化影响人们的实践活动、认识活动和思维方式。在当前唤起人民的信仰，有助于使人们自觉采取行动，践行社会主义核心价值观。
②文化能对人产生潜移默化、深远持久的影响。通过唤起人民的信仰，有助于引领社会思潮，巩固人民团结奋斗的共同思想基础，增强国家文化软实力。
③优秀文化能够丰富人的精神世界，增强人的精神力量，促进人的全面发展。唤起人
民的信仰，有助于提高人的思想道德素质，增强人的精神力量，使人民有信仰，国家有力量。
14．高尚道德人格的形成，是一个自我教育、自我否定、自我改造的痛苦过程，需要通过“自省”来革除自身痼疾，需要通过“慎独”来提升道德境界，实现道德的自我超越。
某中学按照总书记提出的“明大德、守公德、严私德”的要求，开展了主题为“慎独自省，重塑道德人格”的一系列校园文化活动。通过建设道德模范事迹展示长廊、举办道德讲堂等活动，全面营造道德文化氛围。以日常行为检查和班会活动为载体，引导学生从细微处入手，通过增强自省意识、发扬自律精神，检查自己的言行，自觉纠正言行偏差，并不断为自己提出更高的道德要求，实现从自发到自觉、从外表到内心、从被动到主动、从他律到自律的行为转变。积极开展社会帮扶和文明志愿者活动，促使学生在社会道德的践行中，培养道德情感，提升道德水平。
(1)结合材料，运用文化对人的影响的知识，分析该校开展“慎独自省，重塑道德人格”系列校园文化活动的意义。
(2)结合上述材料，为该校“慎独自省，重塑道德人格”系列校园文化活动中的某班主题班会拟一个主题。
解析：第(1)问，一是注意知识范围，即文化对人的影响的相关知识；二是全面梳理材料中的有效信息，以此调动相关内容组织答案，如校园文化对人的影响的特点、对人的影响的具体表现、对学生人生的塑造作用等。第(2)问，一是明确班会主题指向文化对个人的影响，而不是其他；二是语言要贴近校园生活与学生实际。
答案：(1)①文化对人有潜移默化、深远持久的影响。开展“慎独自省，重塑道德人格”系列校园文化活动，有利于营造弘扬道德、慎独自省的社会氛围，激发学生道德情感，牢固树立道德意识。②文化影响人们的实践活动、认识活动和思维方式。通过日常行为检查和社会道德实践活动，引导学生自查、自纠，提高道德认识，转变道德观念，增强道德行为的自觉性和自律性。③优秀文化丰富人的精神世界，增强人的精神力量。“慎独自省，重塑道德人格”系列校园文化活动的开展有助于提高人的道德素质，促进人的全面发展。
(2)答案示例：自省、自律——从我做起；自省修身，以德律己；加强自律，追求高尚道德情操。
第四篇：高考英语 复习单元要点讲练 Book 4 Unit1 人教新目标版
Book 4 Unit1
1.specialize in
2.in the shade
3.move off
4.be moved to tears
5.be worth doing
6.be worth +money 7.be worthy of being done
8.be worthy to be done be worthwhile to do sth 10.be worthwhile doing sth
11.argue with sb about sth 12.argue sb into doing sth 13.argue sb out of doing sth
14.lead /live a simple life
15.be crowded with 16.crowd in
17.look down upon/on
look up to sb 19.refer to
20.by chance=by accident
21.come across=run across 22.come over to my house
23.come up with
24.intend to do sth/be intended for 25.be determined to do sth
26.carry on/through
27.be considerate of 28.deliver a speech
29.deliver a baby
30.deliver a letter 31.have something in common
32.have nothing in common 33.fight for/against 34.put sb to death
35.drive sb out of
36.concern oneself with sth 37.devote all one’s life to doing 38.encourage sb to do sth
39.mean doing/mean to do 40.leave sb doing sth.41.spend time/money(in)doing sth spend ….on…..42.warn sb that…..43.warn sb to do sth/sb of sth.44.be outspoken about 45.observe sb doing sth/do sth
46.work out=solve
47.set up/off/out/about 48.protect sb from
49.be settled in
50.neither….nor 51.either….or….52.choose to do sth
53.do some research on 54.as well as
55.catch one’s eye
56.be free from 57.follow the rules
58.care for/about/ to do
59.show consideration to sb 60.be prepared to do/for sth
二、句型
1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.Only when we understand their difficulties and problems,can we better understand their achievements.2.We are enjoying ourselves so much that I wonder if anybody wants to come home.用心
爱心
专心 1 3.It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career.4.Suddenly it hit(occurred to)me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.5.You will find it more interesting to read this than a list of the person’s achievements.6.We are all interested in what people do and what they think.三、词语辨析
1.inspire inspiration inspiring
inspired 2.audience police
people 3.instead of rather than 4.far farther
further
四、语法：主谓一致
Rule1：语法一致原则 主单谓单；主复谓复 1.He and I ___(be)both students of this school.2.Both parties ____(have)their own advantages.3.Her job_____(have)something to do with computers.4.They _______(have)not come yet.5.There ____(be)a desk in the room.There ____(be)no chairs in it.Rule 2.意义一致原则 意(义)单谓单；意(义)复谓复 1.Physics are a very interesting subject.2.His family was all music lovers.3.The pair of shoes are worn out.4.Half of the students has finished their composition.5.The number of students in you are 50.6.The cattle is eating grass on the hill.7.A knife and fork are used to have meals 8.A poet and artist _____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature(文学)and painting tomorrow afternoon.A.is
B.are
C.was D.were Rule3就近原则either…or
or
neither…nor
not only…but also
not…but here/ where/there be 1.（）was wrong.用心
爱心
专心
A.Not the teacher but the students B.Both the students and the teacher
C.Neither the teacher not the students D.Not the students but the teacher
Rule4随前原则as well as
along with
with, like, rather than, together but, except, besides, including , as much as 1.E-mail, as well as the telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication.（1分）
A is playing B.have played
C.are playing D.play
2.Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A.work
B.working Rule5单数原则
(疑问词+)to do, doing, 句子做主语时；
time, money, 距离, 重量,书刊名,国家名，地区名等复数名词常被看作整体作主语时； every...and every...;each...and each...;no...and no...短语中and连接的单数名词; many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语；
某些名词以s结尾如 maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。 and连接两主语指同一人或物，这时后面的名词没有冠词； 1.Each of us _____a tape-recorder.(have)2.The United States _____a great country.(be)3.Three weeks/ Ten dollars / Five kilos ____allowed for making the necessary preparations then.(be)4.Every girl and every boy ______the right to join the club.(have)5.Many a person _________the novel before.(read)
6.To hold the Olympic Games ____a rich prize for a country.(be)7.Choosing what to eat ____no longer easy now.(be)8.When and where we will go ___________ known yet.(not, be)9.Bread and butter _____their daily food.(be)
C.is working D.are working
用心
爱心
专心 3
点击咨询 