第一篇:2018年英语四级阅读之筛选有效息
http://cet46.wenduedu.com/
年英语四级阅读之筛选有效息
阅读在英语四级考试中的地位举足轻重,所以怎样提高阅读成绩是广大考生都关心的话题,下面小编就为大家详细说一说四级阅读该如何应对。
第一、通过抓住文章中鲜明地表达起承转合关系的词汇来把握句间逻辑关系,进而推测文章内容重点、预估命题线索,最后藉由关键词的帮助力图使其与文后题目相结合——若出题点与阅读重点恰巧吻合则往往能顺利得到答案。
毋庸讳言,这种方法在应对传统阅读考试中的细节题型和部分推理题时往往比较有效,而且在某些情况下可以大大缩短解题时间。但其缺陷在于,随着各类阅读考试不断演化,纯粹意义上的细节题的比重正在逐步降低。
以四六级阅读而论,对主题和文章结构的考察往往与细节相互交织,罕有不“牵一发而动全身者”。难怪很多考生都在反映07年的题目怪招(引用一些网友的看法,甚至是“损招”、“贱招”)频出,看似稀松平常的文章做起来信心很足,大有“望尽天涯路”的爽快之感,可一看最后的分数却是唏嘘不已。可见死抓细枝末节的词汇和个别语法现象在面对今时今日的阅读考试时可谓绠短汲深。这种方法没有能够跟上命题者思路的调整,一味抱残守缺故收效甚微。
第二、辨析文章结构,找到“经典模块”——如现象解释,如开门见山,如观点对立,等待——套用模块固定思路按部就班、顺藤摸瓜逐个击破。这种方法的好处是在针对结构清晰命题思路相对稳定的考题时能够把题目按既有模块对号入座,一一还原到文章各段之中。但实际演练起来却容易出现这么几种情况:要么动起笔来大脑一片空白,所谓结构模块早已抛掷九霄云外;要么搜肠刮肚,却苦于无法将手头的文章套入模版,所谓“按部就班”、“顺藤摸瓜”到头来却变成一筹莫展。阅读不同于写作,每一篇文章可能涵盖了2个甚至3个结构模块,而经典模块属于大脑抽象思维高度概括的产物—http://cet46.wenduedu.com/ 出现在社会现实(考试)中的可能性逼近于零。无怪乎大量考生抱怨,这套方法等看到答案听完老师讲解总算是后知后觉了。
综上所述,两套传统解题方式都只是部分揭示命题规律,很容易陷入命题者故布疑云的“罗生门”。另外,只纠缠细节或只从大处着手也不符合一般人的阅读习惯和认知规律,会导致大脑下意识地抵触,遑论进行主动有效的阅读呢。但如果我们能够打破两条思路之间的藩篱,按照一般阅读习惯将其有机地整合在一起,就能够开辟出“第三条道路”,从文本再建构的角度切入阅读。
按照结构主义语言学的看法,文章所提供的是文本(text),解题者所作的工作大致就是按照题目要求找到其中的样本,进行阐释。由此可见,文章阅读的第一个层次或曰第一个步骤——也是在拿到一篇新文章时最符合人类认知习惯的就是在接触文本信息时有意识地对其筛选、过滤,剪除冗余信息提取有效的新信息。阅读考试意在检查学生对超出其既有知识储备的文本新信息的接受能力。这里的接受不仅仅只是一个被动的了解,而是一个积极主动的对信息整理、加工、归纳和品评的过程。细心的同学也许会发现,这里所谓的了解和整理所对应的是大量的细节题,归纳所针对的是主旨题,加工往往是推理题型,而品评则是推测作者的言外之意,甚或要求进行读者进行批判性阅读(critique reading)——对这种能力的考察四、六级相对要少些,但它却是考研英语阅读中命题者屡试不爽的法宝。在这几项能力当中,了解和整理是基础,正确地加工、归纳还有品评都建诸在前二者之上。了解、整理、加工、归纳和品评统称为对文本的解构。这些是主动型阅读中的心理过程。阅读理解考试区别于积极型阅读的特殊之处在于还要根据命题者要求选择答案——这就是对文本的二度建构或曰再建构。明白了这一点我们便可以在阅读过程中做到缩小范围,重点突破,切中肯綮,进而揣摩作者的原笔原意,从而杜绝那种对文本信息漫无边际、浮光掠影式的无效扫描。http://cet46.wenduedu.com/ 那么哪些信息能够算作是有效信息呢?由于篇幅限制我们仅举出三类:转折、因果和比较。
举个例子,06年12月份的第一篇文章在首段大量出现转折词,这些转折所在的部分就是我们建构答案的主要信息区间。这里就完成了第一步了解的工作。通过进一步的分析我们发现,首段末句的转折在文本意义上的层次明显高于其他各句。其原因就在与之前的转折是具体例证,还停留在事实阐述的层面上;而末句的转折超越了单纯的事实阐述进入到理论抽象阶段。从篇章语言学(text linguistics)的角度上来讲,称之为“具体-概括模式”;或者用最通俗易懂的话来讲,就是“分-总结构”。上述这个过程也就是信息整理的进程(其中业已涵盖了部分的归纳)。整理和归纳的结果是我们必须从末句出发,按照题目要求重新建构文本。其实这个重新构建文本的进程已经由命题者代为完成——选项中最符合原笔愿意的即是在对原文解构基础之上而重新建构的文本。解题者的任务是把整理之后的信息与选项的文本进行逻辑关系的比较,选出最为接近者。(如何做逻辑关系的比较超出了本文范围,需要另外撰文分析。但同学们要记住最常见的重构文本的方法无外乎抽象概括、等价替换、语序倒置、角度转换这些。)希望同学们能够在平常的训练中对照此法,慎思之,明辨之,笃行之,从而真正提高阅读能力。
以上就是小编为大家介绍的相关信息,希望对大家有帮助。想了解更多四六级备考课程、备考资讯,请点击文都网校四六级资讯站查询!
第二篇:大学英语四级之6篇
大学英语四级范文背诵50篇(01)
COLLEGE STUDENTS SHOULD ATTEND PHYSICAL EXERCISE
Physical exercise is a necessary part of college life.However, still some college students do not like to attend sports activities, they think those activities waste their time and influence their study.Indeed, it is very unwise for college students to keep distance from physical exercise because physical exercise is not harmful but good to them.College students can benefit a lot from physical exercise.First of all, attending physical sports can help students build a strong body, and keep abounding energy.Moreover, physical exercise is an effective way to relief pressure and keep a pleasant move.Besides, by attending physical activities, students can have chances to contact and communicate with others which can help them improve their social skills.Nowadays, all colleges and universities have provided many sports facilities for students to do physical exercises, students can chose freely according to their interests and needs.As for me, I am keen on all kinds of ball games, especially football and basketball.From these games, I have gained a lot, and enjoined great pleasure.To conclude, physical exercise is beneficial to every college students, and therefore do not hesitate to attend sports activities.大学英语四级范文背诵50篇(02)
Online games
As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students.Many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games.But as we see, some students lacking self discipline on too much indulge in these games.So that their health and academic performances are affected.This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents.However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful.They can train their ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly.Moreover, they can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science.More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly.Form my point of view, online games are wonderful entertainment if you play them in a clever way.When they interfere too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once, but if you have enough self control over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them.Certificates Craze on Campus
In recent years, to get a certificate has become a new craze among college students.Just randomly, ask a student on campus what he or she is busy doing, quite possibly, you may get the answer that he or she is preparing for a certificate of some kind.Why does this craze appear? There are two mainly reasons behind this phenomenon.First, it is the employments pressure that forces college students to get more certificates.With the admission expansion of colleges, a large more graduates have to face the fierce competition in the job markets.How can one make himself more competitive, more certificates at hands maybe.Second, the diplomas and certificates are still important standard by which many employers measure a person’s ability in order to increase qualification for a job, the students compel themselves to run from one exam to another.Form my point of view, we should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since certificates do not necessarily prove one’s ability, being crazy in getting certificates blindly.It is nothing but wasting time.To conclude, we should focus on improving our ability but not getting a certificate of no practical value.大学英语四级范文背诵50篇(04)
How to deal with peer pressure?
College students are often obsessed by peer pressure from their classmates or schoolmates.Facing others’ hard work and good performance in academic and other aspects, many students feel great pressure.Then, how to deal with this kind of peer pressure? The following measures can be taken.First, you should take a careful look at your present level and set a practical object.You needn’t always compare yourselves with those on the top and just make your efforts towards your object.Second, under peer pressure, you shouldn’t feel discouraged and pressed.Instead, you should make it your motivation for harder work.Finally, if you find pressure is nearly beyond your control, you’d better turn to professional psychological guidance.As a college student, I have no way to avoid peer pressure, so I try to figure out the way to do with it well.I set my own goal, including my practical level and my position among the peers.Because of my focus on my own goal, I have no time and energy to think about the pressure.So I’m little troubled by it.To conclude, we should not escape from peer pressure, but learn to make best use of it, since it can hardly be avoided.Should college students be tutors?
Nowadays there are more and more provided tutors among college students.Some students even take a few tutor jobs at the same time.People have different opinions about this phenomenon.Some people believe college students can benefit a lot from being tutors.On the one hand they can earn some money and lessen the burden on their family.On the other hand they can have chances to apply their knowledge to the solution to the practical problems.However still others object to college students being a tutor.They think that a student should focus on his study instead of doing a part-time job.If they spend too much time on teaching, they will not have enough time to study, and naturally their academic performance will be affected.In the two arguments, I’m in favor of the former one.In my opinion, to be a tutor is a good practical activity for us college students, from which we can gain practical experience and skills.But it is worth noting that we cannot spend too much time in being tutors.We should balance the relationship between the tutor job and study.大学英语四级范文背诵50篇(06)
Welcome to the camera club
Welcome to the camera club.With the sponsor of the student’s union, the camera club has been set and served all the students for 15 years.Many wonderful activities are organized and arranged in our club.As is expected by all, the training on how to make the best use of the camera to provide a wonderful picture is open to all new members.Besides we will organize traveling activities at times, during which the participants have the chance to show the pictures, as well as enjoy beautiful scenery.In addition, photo contests will be held is the opportunities to show your progress.We have good reasons to believe that all these activities are quite beneficial to both your study and life, not only can they help you improve your camera technique, but also enrich your college life greatly.Moreover by participating in the traveling activities and photo contests, you can be close to the nature and broaden your views.Anyone who is interested in photography welcome warmly.What you need to do is just to call us at 62514479 or email us at cameraclub@163.com.Looking forward to your participation
第三篇:如何快速有效的筛选简历
如何快速有效的筛选简历?
企业往往招聘的任务很重,得到的简历也很多,筛选简历是HR每天必做的事情。看了那么多的简历,有一些简历我只看一眼,便马上放弃考虑,他就失去了得到这个工作岗位的任何机会。对于一些简历是不需要看的,如看到一下简历可以不看!
1、很长的求职信。
HR时间有限,通常要在很短的时间里看很多的简历,如果求职信过长,甚至重点不突出,重复表述同一个特质或能力,HR会感到你能提出来的就这有这些了,其他就不必要看了。
2、简历不完整。
工作经验在招聘当中是很被HR看中的。有的人写自己的工作经历时,不是前边丢掉几年就是近一两年的工作经历空白,让人对他顿生怀疑,也对他的求职态度和做事态度产生疑虑,再看下去的想法也没有了。
3、表述过于简略。
有一些人的简历相当的简单,工作经历只写到年,工作情况只写岗位名称,教育情况只写大专或大本,让人看到后了解的信息实在有限,那么也不会再进一步考虑了。
4、出现明显错误。
尤其是一些时间上的错误,比方说上十几年的大专,普通本科上五年或三年,还有两年和一年的,或者教育经历与工作经历完全重叠,或者算下来从11岁就开始工作经历的等等,这样的简历会马上被抛弃掉的。
5、附件形式或标题不明确的。
有的人提交简历时只写是应聘或个人简历,简历采用附件形式发送,这样的情况下如果简历很多,HR会把这样的简历放在最后,有时间才会浏览一下,时间紧就根本不会去理会了。
6、用很怪异的邮箱名字发送简历。
例如司机投递简历时名字是“没油了”或“迷路了”,年轻人投简历用什么“彻夜跳舞、狂欢”这类的文字,或者带脏字,等等,这样的标题和名字让人一看即不会想再去打开简历看看了。
每个HR经历不同,各方面情况不同,也可能各有所好,但是一些明显的、易犯的毛病还是应当尽量避免。招聘和应聘都是一件很严肃的事情。如果你是应聘者,请用负责的态度好好对待每一个环节,这样才能让HR相信你同样会具备严谨的工作态度。
这道了哪些简历不看后,就可以很快完成简历的筛选!
第四篇:如何快速有效的筛选简历?
如何快速有效的筛选简历
一、首先明确该职位的需求点
搜索简历的第一要诀为公司寻求人才,并不是找最好的人才,而是找最合适的人才。所以,在面对很多好的人才时,你需要做的是鉴别人才,做配置。每个客户在委托猎头时,都会提出其特殊的要求,客户的特殊要求就是寻觅人才的方向。一般情况下,我们会要求客户填写《企业职务需求表》,表中会明确写明客户的用人标准,这时可以和候选人简历中的岗位职责描述来判断契合度:候选人简历中之前的经历与现在职位要求的契合度越高,说明越符合客户要求。
二、学会从专业的角度来分析客户的需求
所谓专业,也就是说对客户所在的行业知识、行业品牌、行业内的企业管理模式、企业管理体系和结构、用人标准有个比较好的掌握。比如说,在酒店行业,就存在国际联号与国内的区别。有相当部分的国际联号酒店从业者不愿到国内酒店(集团)发展,而国际联号出来的人则比较受国内酒店企业的欢迎等。
三、学会分辨简历的优劣真伪
好的简历就像一篇好的文章、一件好的艺术品。让人一看就喜欢。如何定义为好呢?我认为可以从三个方面来衡量:
一是书写简历的态度。一个不愿花时间在书写简历上的求职者,不是一个好的求职者,你怎么能够指望一个对自己都不够负责人的人,能对客户负责,对猎头顾问负责。
二是求职者的职业发展轨迹。一份优质的简历应该是作者在各个企业工作有一定的稳定性,比较好的是2——3年,甚至是5——10年再转换,而且职务发展整体是上升的,这样的人职业规划很科学,有实力,当然对客户就有吸引力。
三是语言的表达。如果行文流畅,用笔独特,富有激情,是上选;如果用词一般,平铺直叙,没有什么逻辑性,则可能是个性中庸、很普通的人。
对于真伪最基础的是看时间的衔接和岗位的变化。查阅一份简历,可以从简历中的教育、工作经历等看其年限的跨度是否衔接,读书时间与工作时间是否有矛盾来判断简历的真伪;简历中容易有虚假的地方主要集中在:任职职位、工作时间、具体工作内容,特别是隐瞒一些工作经历等
第五篇:大学英语四级词汇 之 (N)
大学英语四级词汇 之(N)
no longer nail
['lɔŋgə]
不再
niece [ni:s]n.侄女,外甥女 night [nait]n.夜,夜间 nightmare nine
['naitmeə]
n.恶梦;经常的恐惧,可怕的事物
[neil]n.钉;指甲 v.钉,钉住
a.裸体的,毫无遮掩
n.名字,名称,名义 v.命名,取名;说出 ad.即,换句话说
naked ['neikid]name ['neim]namely ['neimli]nap
[nain]n.九
[ˌnain'ti:n]n.&a.十九
n.九十
a.第九 n.九分之一
nineteen
[næp]n.小睡,打盹
a.狭(窄)的,狭隘的a.肮脏的,卑劣的,下流的;恶意的,险恶的 ninety ['nainti]ninth [nainθ]nitrogen narrow ['nærəu]nasty ['nɑ:sti]['naitrədʒən]n.氮
nation ['neiʃən]n.民族,国家
national ['næʃənl]a.民族的,国家的,国民的nationality
[ˌnæʃə'næliti]n.国籍,民族
native ['neitiv]a.本国的,本地的,土生的 n.本地人 natural ['nætʃərəl]a.自然界的,天然的;自然的,天生的 naturally
['nætʃərəli]ad.自然而然地,不做作地,当然
nature ['neitʃə]n.自然,自然界;天性,本性,性质
naughty
['nɔ:ti]a.顽皮的,淘气的naval ['neivəl]a.海军的,军舰的,船的navigation
[ˌnævi'geiʃən]
n.领航;航空,航海;水上运输navy ['neivi]n.海军
near
[niə]ad.&a.近,接近prep.靠近,在...近旁
nearby ['niəbai]a.&ad.附近prep.在...附近nearly ['niəli]ad.差不多,几乎
neat
[ni:t]a.整洁的,简洁的;优美的,精致的necessarily ['nesisərili]ad.必然,必定 necessary ['nesisəri]a.必须的,必要的,必然的 n.必需品 necessity
[ni'sesiti]
n.必要性,必然性;必需品
neck [nek]n.颈,脖子 necklace
['neklis]
n.项链,项圈
need [ni:d]n.必须,需要;贫困,困窘 v.需要,必须 needle ['ni:dl]n.针,指针,针状物
needless ['ni:dləs]a.不需要的negative
['negətiv]
a.否定的,消极的,反面的neglect [ni'glekt]v.&n.忽视,忽略,疏忽 negotiate
[ni'gəuʃieit]vt.谈判达成,洽谈 vi.(与人就...)交涉
Negro ['ni:grəu]n.黑人 a.黑人的neighbor ['neibə]n.邻居 neighbour
['neibə]
n.邻居
neighborhood ['neibəhud]n.邻居,附近,周围;邻居关系 neighbourhood
['neibəhud]n.邻居,附近,周围;邻居关系neither ['naiðə, 'ni:ðə]a.&pron.两者都不,(两者)没有一个
nephew
['nevju:, 'nɛfju]
n.侄子,外甥
nerve [nə:v]n.神经;勇气,胆量,沉着,果断 nervous ['nə:vəs]
a.神经的;神经过敏的,紧张不安的nest [nest]n.巢,窝
net
[net]n.网,网状物 a.净,纯净的network ['netwə:k]
n.网络,广播网,关系网
neutral ['nju:trəl]a.中立的,中性的 never ['nevə]
ad.从不,决不,永不
nevertheless [ˌnevəðə'les]conj.然而,不过 ad.仍然,不过new
[nju:]a.新的,新近的;不熟悉的,没经验的newly ['nju:li]ad.新近,最近,重新 news [nju:z]n.新闻,消息
newspaper ['nju:sˌpeipə]
n.报纸,报
next [nekst]ad.其次,然后 a.紧接的,其次的,贴近的 nice
['nais]
a.好的,美的,令人愉快的no
[nəu]ad.不,不是 a.没有,并非,不许
no longer
['lɔŋgə]
不再
noble ['nəubəl]a.贵族的,高尚的nobody ['nəubədi]
pron.没有人,谁也不;小人物
nod
[nɔd]v.&n.点头,点头招呼;打盹,瞌睡
noise [nɔiz]n.噪声,吵嚷声,杂间 noisy ['nɔizi]
a.吵闹的,喧闹的none [nʌn]pron.没有人,没有任何东西;任何人都不 nonsense
['nɔnsəns]
n.胡说,废话
noodle ['nu:dl]
n.面条
noon [nu:n]n.正午,中午 nor
[nɔ:]conj.也不,又不
normal ['nɔ:məl]a.正常的,正规的,标准的normally
['nɔ:məli]
ad.正常地,一般地
north [nɔ:θ]a.&n.北,北方 ad.在北方,向北方 northeast [ˌnɔ:θ'i:st]a.&n.东北,东北部 ad.在东北,向东北 northern ['nɔ:ðən]
a.北的,北方的northwest
[ˌnɔ:θ'west]a.&n.西北,西北部 ad.在西北,向西北
nose [nəuz]n.鼻子;突出部分
not [nɔt]ad.不
note
[nəut]n.笔记,便条;注释,评论;钞票 v.注意
notebook ['nəutbuk]n.笔记本
nothing
['nʌθiŋ]
n.没有东西,什么也没有;无,零 ad.毫不notice ['nəutis]v.看到,注意到 n.通知,布告;注意,认识
noticeable
['nəutisəbəl]a.显而易见的,值得注意的notify ['nəutifai]vt.(正式)通知,报告 notion ['nəuʃən]n.观念,概念,想法 noun [naun]n.名词 novel ['nɔvəl]n.长篇小说
November [nəu'vembə]n.十一月
now
[nau]ad.现在,如今,目前;当时,于是,然后
nowadays ['nauədeiz]ad.现今,现在 nowhere
['nəuweə]
ad.任何地方都不(没有)
nuclear ['nju:kliə]a.原子核的,核心的,核的nuisance ['nju:səns]n.麻烦事,讨厌的人(或事)number ['nʌmbə]
n.数,数字,数目,号码
numerous
['nju:mərəs]a.数多的,大批的,无数的nurse [nə:s]n.保姆,护士,保育员 v.护理,养育,喂奶 nursery ['nə:səri]
n.托儿所,保育室
nut
[nʌt]n.坚果
nylon ['nailɔn]n.尼龙