第一篇：《雾都孤儿》论文开题报告
Discussion on Charles Dickens’ Humanity in Oliver Twist
从《雾都孤儿》看查尔斯狄更斯的仁慈
摘要
儿童是狄更斯小说中的一类主要人物形象，他们是维多利亚时期社会底层人民生活的代表，本文从狄更斯的小说《雾都孤儿》中分析了他的仁慈思想，首先文章介绍了选题研究的背景，接着分析了小说的内容梗概和《雾都孤儿》的主题思想，在此基础上文章重点研究了狄更斯的仁爱思想在小说中的反应，最后笔者剖析了狄更斯产生仁爱思想的原因。希望通过本文的研究能够帮助读者更好的欣赏这部小说。
关键词：仁慈，原因，背景
Abstract
Children were a kind of main characters appearing in Charles Dickens’ novels, and they were the representatives of people living in the bottom of society in the Victorian Period.This paper analyzes Dickens’ humanity in his novel Oliver Twist.It firstly introduces the research background, then analyzes the main content and the theme of Oliver Twist, and on this basis, it focuses on studying the reflection of Dickens’ humanity in the novel.Finally, it analyzes the causes for Dickens’ humanity.I hope the study in this paper can help readers better appreciate the novel.Keywords: Humanity;Cause;Background
Discussion on Charles Dickens’ Humanity in Oliver Twist
从《雾都孤儿》看查尔斯狄更斯的仁慈
Contents I.Introduction 1.1.Research Background 1.2.Writing motivation II.Oliver Twist
2.1.Introduction of the Novel 2.1.1.Historical Background 2.1.2.The Main Content of the Novel 2.2.The Theme of the Novel III.Charles Dickens’ Humanity 3.1.Reflection from Positive Characters 3.1.1.Oliver Twist 3.1.2.Brownlow 3.1.3.Nancy 3.2.Reflection from Counter-Examples 3.2.1.Fagin 3.2.2.Sikes IV.Causes of Dickens’ Humanity
4.1.The Backgrounds in Britain in Mid 19th Century 4.1.1.Social Background 4.1.2.English Critical Realism
4.2.Charles Dickens 4.2.1.Introduction 4.2.2.Family 4.2.3.Experiences in Childhood V.Conclusion
第二篇：雾都孤儿
用善良拥抱生活—— Oliver Twist
——《雾都孤儿》读后感
《雾都孤儿》，是英国作家狄更斯于1838年出版的写实小说。以雾都伦敦为背景，讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇，主人公奥立弗在孤儿院长大，经历学徒生涯，艰苦逃难，误入贼窝，又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍，历尽无数辛酸，最后在善良人的帮助下，查明身世并获得了幸福。是一个悲惨而温情的故事。小说的主人公奥利弗·退斯特，是一名生在济贫院的孤儿，忍饥挨饿，备受欺凌，由于不堪棺材店老板娘、教区执事邦布尔等人的虐待而独自逃往伦敦，不幸刚一到达就受骗误入贼窟。窃贼团伙的首领费尽千方百计，企图把奥利弗训练为扒手供他驱使。奥利弗跟随窃贼伙伴“机灵鬼”和贝兹上街时，被误认为他偷了一位叫布朗的绅士(恰巧是他父亲生前的好友)的手绢而被警察逮捕。后因书摊老板证明了他的无辜，由于他当时病重昏迷，且容貌酷似友人生前留下的一副少妇画像，布朗收留他在家中治病，得到布朗及其女管家比德温太太无微不至的关怀，第一次感受到人间的温暖。窃贼团伙害怕奥利弗会泄露团伙的秘密，趁奥利弗外出替布朗归还书摊老板的图书的时候用计使他重新陷入了贼窟。费金用威胁、利诱、灌输等手段企图迫使奥利弗成为一名窃贼，成为费金的摇钱树。但是小奥利弗都不为所动，被费金囚禁了三个月。一天黑夜，奥利弗在塞克斯的胁迫下参加对一座大宅院的行窃。正当奥利弗准备趁爬进窗户的机会向主人报告时，被
管家发现后开枪打伤。好心的主人梅莱夫人及其养女露丝小姐收留并庇护了他。无巧不成书，这位罗斯小姐正是奥利弗的姨妈，但双方都不知道。在梅丽夫人家，奥利弗真正享受到了人生的温馨和美好。但费金团伙却不能放过奥利弗。一个名叫蒙克斯的人是奥利弗的同父异母兄长，由于他的不肖，他父亲在遗嘱中将全部遗产给了奥利弗，为霸占奥利弗名下的全部遗产，并发泄自己对已去世的父亲的怨恨，他与费金勾结陷害奥利弗。南希偶然听见他们的秘密，同情奥利弗的遭遇，冒生命危险，偷偷找到露丝小姐，向她报告了这一切。
罗斯小姐和布朗商议了处理方法，费金团伙遭到了灭顶之灾。费金被捕，后上了绞刑架，塞克斯在逃窜中失足被自己的绳子勒死。与此同时，蒙克斯被布朗挟持到家中，逼他供出了一切，小奥利弗的身世之谜真相大白，奥利弗被布朗收为养子，从此结束了他的苦难的童年。为了给蒙克斯自新的机会，把本应全归奥利弗继承的遗产分一半给他。但蒙克斯劣性不改，把家产挥霍殆尽，继续作恶，终被锒铛入狱，死在狱中。邦布尔夫妇恶有恶报，被革去一切职务，一贫如洗，在他们曾经作威作福的济贫院度过余生。
在这本书中，奥利弗、南希、罗斯小姐都是善良的代表，小奥利佛·退斯特与众多的教区孤儿相比，他并无过人之处，是什么让他坚忍，怎样的生活困境都不曾将他击倒？在教区里他坚强的生活了下来，在费金的贼窝里，他没有沾上他们一丝恶习，无论是软是硬，他都没有屈服走上偷窃道路。他一直怀揣着一颗善良的心，想方设法回到布朗先生那解释他的不告而别，他不愿自己被误会；细心照料生病的露丝，为她祈祷；在得知小狄克去世的消息时，他哭得很伤心、、、小奥利弗才十岁，出生于苦难之中，他之前从没有得到过亲情友情的关爱与照顾，在他所接触的社会环境里，充满了黑暗污浊。在黑暗和充满罪恶的世界中成长，但在他的心中始终保持着一片纯洁的天地，一颗善良的心，种种磨难并不能使他们堕落或彻底堕落，反而更显示出他们出污泥而不染的光彩夺目的晶莹品质。而机灵鬼和查理·贝兹们呢？他们和奥利佛一样是孤儿，在差不多一样的年纪里落入费金的贼窝里，为生活所逼，被费金所诱，他们走上了偷窃之路、、、、一样的遭遇不一样的选择，到底是环境生活的不得已，还是自己内心的脆弱？很多时候我们抱怨这社会这世界，可是不是也要怪怪自己呢？
《雾都孤儿》，教区管理者的伪劣与丑恶，盗贼的狠毒与凶残，包围在雾都伦敦的是一个个陷阱，可幸善良的小奥利弗在这雾都里找到了关怀与爱。在狄更斯看来，这世界还是美好多于丑恶，还是邪不可压正，还是一个值得我们去爱的家园！
第三篇：雾都孤儿读书报告
Book Report: Oliver Twist
When I was a freshman, I have read the novel Oliver Twist and also seen the movie, but I did not really know its true meaning that it contains.This year I gain a chance to study English literature and therefore I have studied Oliver Twist further.After reading the novel I was pity for Oliver’ experience, he was only was a little boy who should have been cared by his parents, while he had to lived by himself and suffer enormous pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating and abuse.I was shocked by his sufferings, especially when I read “Please, Sir, I want some more.” He said to the master to ask for some more food, but he won a beat of the master.Child as he was, he was desperate with hunger and reckless with misery.Compared with him, are we much happier than him? But few of us realize that.We always think God treat us unfairly and complain that we have no much money to spend, no beautiful cloth to wear, no dignified quality, no attractive face and no sexy figure.Are we too greedy? So we should learn to be contended and learn to be happy.Before reading the novel I thought the Christianity is
philanthropic because its father Jesus saved its people out of suffering by sacrificing himself and the religion calls on people to do good things but the people in the warehouse were really hypocritical, they gave little food to the kids while they let the children thank God to give them so scrumptious dinner.I almost cried when I read the boy sleeping next to Oliver could not fall sleep due to starvation and he was afraid he should some night eat the boy.They got so voracious and wild with hunger.The people in the warehouse really should be condemned to abuse children.So in our life we should stretch a hand to the poor and should not be so mean to the beggar otherwise we are the same as the people in the warehouse.If every of us show out our sympathetic side, our society can be more harmonious.In spite of my pity for Oliver’s unlucky experience, but what impressed me most is that though little Oliver suffered much he still remained a pour heart and fought with the evil bravely.He desired living a normal and happy life.The author created a group of bad men, and they do everything bad to oppress Oliver, but little Oliver could resist their temptations and remain his purity and innocence.This
inspires me very much, and in our current society we face too many difficulties and temptations, can we be ourselves? In face of money and interest, many people give in it.They lost their minds and became degenerated.In face of difficulties, we lose heart and become discouraged.Can not we face it bravely like Oliver?
Still, though Dickens did his best to depict the terrible life of Oliver to show the dark life of London, to my relief, as was written in all the best stories, the goodness eventually conquered devil and there are a group of kind people such as Mrs.Maylie, Miss Rose, and they all protected Oliver from hurt and they helped Oliver live a happy life in the end.One of the plots that attracted me most is that after the theft, little Oliver was allowed to recover in the kind care of Mrs.Maylie and Rose and began a new life.He went for walking with them, or Rose read to him, and he worked hard at his lessons.He felt as if he had left behind forever the world of crime and hardship and poverty.In the end of the novel, all the evil people were punished.Oliver got what he should get.Rose married Harry Maylie and they lived happily.All the kind people have a happy ending.So I believe righteousness can always beat evil and
good people will have good endings.I think what I thought is also what the author wants to tell.Although there are many ugly things in the world, we must believe that righteousness can always beat evil.We must store kindness even though we are in ugly situation.One is poor if he doesn’t have kindness.One is rich if he has kindness.So please store your kindness in your mind.So from Oliver Twist, I really have learnt a lot.It’s really a good novel.
第四篇：雾都孤儿读书报告
《雾都孤儿》中得南希是个非常的关键的人物，南希这个人物无比丰富，复杂的内心世界，南希是个不幸的姑娘，自幼沦落贼窟，并已成为第二号贼首塞克斯的情妇。除了绞刑，她看不到任何别的前景。但是，她天良未泯，在天真纯洁的奥利弗前，看到往日清白的自己，同情之心油然而生，她连奉贼首之命，冒称是奥利弗的姐姐，硬把他绑架回贼窟时，内心充满矛盾。归途中，她和塞克斯谈起监狱绞死犯人的事，奥利弗感觉到南希紧攥着他的那只手在发抖，抬眼一看，她的脸色变的煞白。后来，她冒着生命的危险偷偷给梅莱小姐和布朗罗通风报信，终于把奥利弗救了出来。梅莱和布朗罗力劝南希挣脱过去的生活，走上新生之路，但南希不忍心把情人塞克斯撇下。塞克斯在得知南希所作所为后，他只能持盗匪的道德标准，把南希视为不可饶恕的叛徒，亲手把她残酷的杀害。狄更斯在给这两个人物取名时是有很深的用意的，南希和塞克斯英文缩写是N和S，正是磁针的两极，他俩构成一对矛盾，既对立又统一，既相反又相成，永远不分离。南希离不开塞克斯，宁愿被他杀害也不肯抛弃他；而塞克斯也离不开南希，一旦失去她，他就丧魂失魄，终于在房顶跌落，脖子被自己的一条绳子的活扣套住而气绝身亡，南希的形象复杂，丰富又深刻，不但不是“扁平”的，而且达到极高的艺术成就。
这本书给我的第二个很深的感触就是主人公小奥利弗的勇敢的精神，虽然在黑暗的习艺所里饱尝了生活的艰辛，但是并没有给这么一个美好的心灵蒙上灰尘。由于饥饿他向干事提出需要一碗稀粥时，被那那些干事认为“这个孩子将来一定会被绞死。”在当学徒的时候她面对人们对于他母亲的羞辱，奋起反抗。他也许是由于初生牛犊不怕虎，竭尽全力反抗着。后来逃亡到伦敦后，纯洁的心灵让人们感到可笑。其中有一段话让我记忆尤深“那些都是老先生的，在我害热病快死掉的时候，是那位好心的先生把我带到他家里去，照看我养好了病。哦，求求你们把这些东西送回去吧，把书和钱还给他。你们要我一辈子呆在这儿都可以，我只求你们把这些东西送回去，不然他们一定以为我逃跑了的，你们可怜可怜我，把书和钱送回去吧”这是小奥利弗被抓后说的话。我不禁被他维护尊严的行为所打动，一个人活着就要有尊严。
合上这本书，我没有太多的感慨，只有一个：人活着只要不断向着梦想前进不需要顾虑太多，不要向命运低头，命运永远在我们手中。
第五篇：读书报告雾都孤儿
Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens(1812-1870), the author of Oliver Twist, was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, Eng.The defining moment of Dickens's life occurred when he was 12 years old.As a child, Dickens endured the harsh conditions of poverty.His family was imprisoned for debt.Dickens was forced to work in a factory.These experiences haunted him for the rest of his life.The misery of his childhood is a recurrent theme in his novels.Charles Dickens is the greatest representative of English critical realism.His fiction career began with short pieces reprinted as Sketches by “Boz”(1836).He exhibited a great ability to spin a story in an entertaining manner and this quality, combined with the serialization of his comic novel The Pickwick Papers(1837), made him the most popular English author of his time.The serialization of such works as Oliver Twist(1838)and The Old Curiosity Shop(1841)followed.After a trip to America, he wrote A
Christmas Carol(1843)in a few weeks.With Dombey and Son(1848), his novels began to express a heightened uneasiness about the evils of
Victorian industrial society, which intensified in the semiautobiographical David Copperfield(1850), as well as in Bleak House(1853), Little Dorrit(1857), Great Expectations(1861), and others.A Tale of Two Cities(1859)appeared in the period when he achieved great popularity for his public readings.Dickens’ novels are set in realistic environments such as in the factory or in the street.His characters represent all aspects of society from beggars, criminals and orphans to factory owners.This critically realistic description of Victorian working class life is perhaps the very essence which makes Dickens one of the greatest authors of all time.Dickens's works are characterized by an encyclopedic knowledge of London.Oliver Twist is one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens'.Its central theme is that reflecting the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century.The hero of this novel was Oliver Twist, an orphan, who was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime.He suffered enormous pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating and abuse.Oliver escapes the workhouse and runs away to London.Here he receives an education in villainy from the criminal gang of Fagin that includes the brutal thief Bill Sikes, the famous artful Dodger and Nancy, Bill whore.Oliver is rescued by the intervention of a benefactor-Mr Brownlow.But someone makes the gang kidnap the boy again.Nancy tries to help the boy out but she is known and murdered
viciously by Sikes.The story closes happily and with justice for Bumble and the cruel Monks who has hidden the truth of Oliver parentage out of malice.From this story, we can know that the hero of this novel was Oliver Twist, a kind boy.When I read the unusual experiences of the little Oliver, I was shocked.I like the poor boy.However I hated the evil Fagin and the brutal
Bill.To my relief, in all the best stories the goodness finally conquered devil.Oliver lived a happy life in the end.We are also shocked that how such a little boy who had already suffered oppressive affliction can remain pure？The resonance between me and the book is goodness.The spirit of goodness that Dickens created in the novel is really what we need in life.I think it is the most important information implied in the novel by Dickens.He believed that goodness could conquer every difficulty.As far as we can see, it is goodness that helps us all live together without precaution.Although I do not think goodness is omnipotent.I do believe that those who are kind-hearted must live more happily than those who are evil-minded.That are to say people without goodness lose easily everything.Goodness is to humans what water is to fish.Therefore, a person wants to live a very happy live just to learn from the goodness of Oliver.By reading his novels, we can both enjoy ourselves and obtain a lot of knowledge.And that is why Oliver Twist can win great popularity all the word ever since they were published.
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