湖南韶山导游词

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第一篇:湖南韶山导游词

好了,现在请大家注意一下,我们马上就要进入韶山了。大家看,前面有一幅对联,左联:为有牺牲多壮志,右联:敢叫日月换新天。大家都知道中国有四大火炉:长沙、南京、武汉、重庆。那么除了四大火炉外,最热的地方是哪儿呢?对,韶山!因为韶山是红太阳升起的地方嘛。

韶山旅游区位于湘潭市、韶山市。1994年被国务院确定为国家级风景名胜区。总面积214平方公里,人口9.8万,姓毛的人家占70%。韶山的整个地势是由西北向东南逐渐倾斜的,东部为丘陵和较为开阔的地带,西部山峰环绕,由于长年的封山育林,峰峦一片葱郁。韶山最高峰韶峰是南岳衡山的第71峰,第72峰是岳麓峰。韶山是一块风水宝地,关于它的传说都是美丽的。传说当年舜帝南巡,来到了湖南,来到了韶山,见此风景宜人,心情十分愉快。便令随从奏起了韶乐(当时的一种宫庭音乐),这一奏,忽然一瞬间,只见百鸟欢跃,附近的飞禽走兽都闻声而起,欢歌起舞。由于附近全是山林地带,后来人们便根据舜帝用韶乐引来百鸟的故事,这地方叫做韶山。韶山的韶拆开就是音召,正是取这个意思啦。以韶字命名的还有韶山冲、韶峰、韶河等。韶山的传说很多,除此之外,还有关乾隆的。据说,清朝乾隆曾断言,他说韶山是块风水宝地,500年内必出真命天子,此人的姓必是“反手掌乾坤”。果然不出所料,1893,诞生了我们的一代伟人毛泽东,同时也正巧验证了乾隆的话。大家可以试着写一下,把手掌的“手”字最后一笔反过来是什么字,反手掌乾坤就是毛字。

毛主席的母亲文氏是湘乡人,文氏在家中排行老七,别人都叫她文七妹。因为文氏家的祖坟在韶山,为了清明节上坟的时候有个落脚的地方,文氏的父亲就将文七妹嫁到韶山,嫁给了毛主席的父亲毛顺生。文氏比毛顺生大三岁,俗话说:“女大三,抱金砖”,在当地毛顺生家里条件还算是可以的。在文氏生下毛泽东的前一天晚上,毛顺生做了一个奇怪的梦,梦见一条飞龙翘首东望,迟迟不肯离去。在1893年12月26日一个漆黑的夜晚,电闪雷鸣,狂风大作,一代伟人诞生了。毛泽东从小接到外婆家,在外婆家的山后有一块非常像人形的巨石,人们称为石观音,他外婆便把他带到石观音面前,拜为干娘,以保佑他茁壮成长,石儿伢子由此而来了。

毛主席的父亲毛顺生是个很精明的生意人,他对父亲的做法非常反感,所以时常顶撞父亲。有一次,他父亲将其生意上的朋友,请到家中做客,叫毛泽东招待一下,但毛泽东死命不从,便逃出家门,其父亲毛顺生追出来,毛泽东便跑到池塘边威胁父亲:“如果再逼我,就跳下去”,毛顺生当时非常担心,因为两个大儿子夭折了,害怕再失去一个,只好作罢。毛主席是非常孝顺他母亲的,有一次跟父亲斗气,一连十几天没跟父亲说话,母亲见不过劝他,给他父亲跪下认错,毛泽东跪下说:“母亲,这只腿是为你而跪的。”

好了,待会儿,我们要参观的一个景点,就是毛主席铜像广场。毛主席铜像高10.1米,重3.7吨。10.1米意味着10月1号,中华人民共和国成立的日子。所以毛主席铜像是取自于开国大典上的一个形象,主席手执发言稿、身穿中山装、面带微笑。韶山冲的冲意就是山谷中的一块平地,那么毛主席铜像广场就处于韶山冲这块平地的中心部位。毛主席铜像由南京晨光制造厂制造,由我国为著名雕刻家刘开梁和程允贤先生雕刻,历时120天。毛主席铜像于1993年12月6日从南京启运,一路经江苏、安徽、湖北、江西进入湖南。当运载毛主席铜像的汽车队开到江西井岗山的时候,突然汽车熄火了。司机们反复检修也没查出什么问题。这时一位70多岁的老表说:“井岗山是毛主席最早走出深山,拿起枪杆子闹革命的地方,他老人家想在这儿住一晚看一看。”到了第二天,车子没有经过任何检修,奇迹般地可以开动了。在江西与湖南交界处的一个“人”字型山坡上,天正下着瓢泼大雨,进井岗山的路很滑,一百多辆车子都受到了不同程度的损伤,有的根本走不动,只有运载铜像的车子很顺利,安然无恙地开过了井岗山。当有记者问起司机时,司机说:“我想是得到毛主席的保佑了。”所以现在很多的司机都有在车子前面挂一个毛主席小像章,以求一路平安。

衡山导游词 ·张家界导游词 ·南岳大庙导游词 ·天心阁导游词

关于毛主席铜像还出了一连串的奇事怪事,不知大家从新闻媒介中知道了多少。在此,小x就给大家说说吧!毛主席铜像揭幕仪式于1993年12月26日毛主席诞辰100周年之际正式举行。江泽民主席亲自从北京赶到韶山为毛主席铜像揭彩。当天艳阳高照万里无云,但奇怪的是,上午10:30左右,月亮也出来了。铜像的左边是太阳,右边是月亮,太阳与月亮相互照映,照得整片天空通亮。于是形成了千载难逢、非常罕见的天文奇观――日月同辉。当时正值12月份,而满山的杜鹃花顿时也全部盛开了,以毛主席故居山后的开得最艳。大家都知道,杜鹃花一般是在每年的三至四月份期间开放,而这次则是在寒冬腊月之际,比以往的开花季节提前了几个月。难道不能说是一件有违自然规律的事情?那时舜帝南巡、乾隆预言,这些都只是传说,没有任何历史根据、凭证。而日月同辉与杜鹃花开,是人们亲眼所见,同时还有当时摄下的盛况。于是人们说:毛主席太伟大了,他能使天随人意变、花伴天意开。毛主席真神,他的光辉名字和丰功伟业将与日月同辉、与天地共存!待会儿,我们到了韶山就可以看到日月同辉和杜鹃花开的相片和实况录相。当时还不止这些奇怪的事。1993年12月26日,揭彩的那一刻,有6只彩色的大蝴蝶围着主席铜像翩翩起舞,久久不肯离去。观瞻者惊叹不已,一老人介绍说是毛主席的六位亲人:杨开慧、毛泽民、毛泽翠、毛岸英、毛楚雄、毛英建来给主席祝寿了。

各位团友,像这样的一件奇事、怪事单独的发生并不算什么,但一连串的奇事、怪事在同一时间、同一地点、同一个人身上,就不得不承认这真是太奇特了。主席毕竟是伟人,他老人家虽然离开了我们,但冥冥之中仍活在我们身边,活在我们心中。所以毛主席铜像被称为“东方的一尊神像”。

大家到韶山游览一次,肯定是要带些纪念品回去,象主席像章、主席项链、钥匙扣、毛主席集邮册等等。这些都是非常常见的、非常普通的。那么到底哪种才是最好的、最具有收藏价值的呢?我想作为导游,小x有义务、有责任为大家引导啦。在韶山最珍贵的纪念品莫过于由国家中央档案局批准、发行的毛主席铜像。这种小铜像是1999年12月10为庆祝澳门回归而发行的。(小铜像是铜像广场铜像形象缩小100倍)到目前为止,已发行了四个版本,铜像由中央档案局统一编号,从0001号到9999号,总共9999枚。为什么只发行9999而不是9998或10000尊呢?因为毛主席一生与9特别有缘。大家不妨跟小x一起回忆一下,在1949年9月9日率领解放军攻入了北京;1976年9月9日,是毛主席逝世的日子。那么还有一个9字呢,则是九五之尊的意思了,也象征着毛主席的地位是不可动摇不可替代的。毛主席铜像一经发行,第一号0001号及最后一号9999号就马上被原湖南省委书记王茂林和国家主席江泽民请去了。因为0001表示起点,毛主席出生在韶山,出生在湖南,第0001号小铜像当然要留在湖南了。现在王茂林将0001号主席铜像捐赠给了省博物馆保存了。而9999表示九五之尊,理所当然只有主席才能拥有了。如果大家细心的话,有时偶尔会在电视上看到江泽民总书记办公桌上摆着一尊毛主席小铜像,那就是第9999号小铜像了。

待会儿,大家请铜像时一定要注意以下几点:第一,毛主席小铜像是由韶山市旅游管理局在国营韶山故居商场定点发行的,其它地方的小铜像没有唯一的珍藏编号。真正的毛主席小铜像是紫铜制成的。其它的有的是玻璃铜、瓷的、石灰的。第二,大家在请毛主席小铜像时,一定要注意是“请”,而不是买。用买字就是对毛主席的不尊敬了,韶山人听见了是很不高兴的了。第三,如果大家要买一般的纪念品,在小商贩手中就可买到,他们不用交税,价格也很便宜。

等一下我们到了定点发行处会有专门的讲解员为大家讲解。好了,大家等会儿一定不要忘了,如果大家有兴趣,一定要把主席请回家了,请一尊神像,带上主席的一点灵气,保佑家人平平安安、幸福健康!

第二篇:湖南韶山导游词

湖南韶山导游词

好了,现在请大家注意一下,我们马上就要进入韶山了。大家看,前面有一幅对联,左联:为有牺牲多壮志,右联:敢叫日月换新天。大家都知道中国有四大火炉:长沙、南京、武汉、重庆。那么除了四大火炉外,最热的地方是哪儿呢?对,韶山!因为韶山是红太阳升起的地方嘛。

韶山旅游区位于湘潭市、韶山市。1994年被国务院确定为国家级风景名胜区。总面积214平方公里,人口9.8万,姓毛的人家占70%。韶山的整个地势是由西北向东南逐渐倾斜的,东部为丘陵和较为开阔的地带,西部山峰环绕,由于长年的封山育林,峰峦一片葱郁。韶山最高峰韶峰是南岳衡山的第71峰,第72峰是岳麓峰。韶山是一块风水宝地,关于它的传说都是美丽的。传说当年舜帝南巡,来到了湖南,来到了韶山,见此风景宜人,心情十分愉快。便令随从奏起了韶乐(当时的一种宫庭音乐),这一奏,忽然一瞬间,只见百鸟欢跃,附近的飞禽走兽都闻声而起,欢歌起舞。由于附近全是山林地带,后来人们便根据舜帝用韶乐引来百鸟的故事,这地方叫做韶山。韶山的韶拆开就是音召,正是取这个意思啦。以韶字命名的还有韶山冲、韶峰、韶河等。韶山的传说很多,除此之外,还有关乾隆的。据说,清朝乾隆曾断言,他说韶山是块风水宝地,500年内必出真命天子,此人的姓必是“反手掌乾坤”。果然不出所料,1893,诞生了我们的一代伟人毛泽东,同时也正巧验证了乾隆的话。大家可以试着写一下,把手掌的“手”字最后一笔反过来是什么字,反手掌乾坤就是毛字。毛主席的母亲文氏是湘乡人,文氏在家中排行老七,别人都叫她文七妹。因为文氏家的祖坟在韶山,为了清明节上坟的时候有个落脚的地方,文氏的父亲就将文七妹嫁到韶山,嫁给了毛主席的父亲毛顺生。文氏比毛顺生大三岁,俗话说:“女大三,抱金砖”,在当地毛顺生家里条件还算是可以的。在文氏生下毛泽东的前一天晚上,毛顺生做了一个奇怪的梦,梦见一条飞龙翘首东望,迟迟不肯离去。在1893年12月26日一个漆黑的夜晚,电闪雷鸣,狂风大作,一代伟人诞生了。毛泽东从小接到外婆家,在外婆家的山后有一块非常像人形的巨石,人们称为石观音,他外婆便把他带到石观音面前,拜为干娘,以保佑他茁壮成长,石

儿伢子由此而来了。

毛主席的父亲毛顺生是个很精明的生意人,他对父亲的做法非常反感,所以时常顶撞父

亲。有一次,他父亲将其生意上的朋友,请到家中做客,叫毛泽东招待一下,但毛泽东死命

不从,便逃出家门,其父亲毛顺生追出来,毛泽东便跑到池塘边威胁父亲:“如果再逼我,就跳下去”,毛顺生当时非常担心,因为两个大儿子夭折了,害怕再失去一个,只好作罢。

毛主席是非常孝顺他母亲的,有一次跟父亲斗气,一连十几天没跟父亲说话,母亲见不过劝

他,给他父亲跪下认错,毛泽东跪下说:“母亲,这只腿是为你而跪的。”

好了,待会儿,我们要参观的一个景点,就是毛主席铜像广场。毛主席铜像高10.1米,重3.7吨。10.1米意味着10月1号,中华人民共和国成立的日子。所以毛主席铜像是取自

于开国大典上的一个形象,主席手执发言稿、身穿中山装、面带微笑。韶山冲的冲意就是山

谷中的一块平地,那么毛主席铜像广场就处于韶山冲这块平地的中心部位。毛主席铜像由南

京晨光制造厂制造,由我国为著名雕刻家刘开梁和程允贤先生雕刻,历时120天。毛主席铜

像于1993年12月6日从南京启运,一路经江苏、安徽、湖北、江西进入湖南。当运载毛主

席铜像的汽车队开到江西井岗山的时候,突然汽车熄火了。司机们反复检修也没查出什么问

题。这时一位70多岁的老表说:“井岗山是毛主席最早走出深山,拿起枪杆子闹革命的地

方,他老人家想在这儿住一晚看一看。”到了第二天,车子没有经过任何检修,奇迹般地可

以开动了。在江西与湖南交界处的一个“人”字型山坡上,天正下着瓢泼大雨,进井岗山的路很滑,一百多辆车子都受到了不同程度的损伤,有的根本走不动,只有运载铜像的车子很

顺利,安然无恙地开过了井岗山。当有记者问起司机时,司机说:“我想是得到毛主席的保

佑了。”所以现在很多的司机都有在车子前面挂一个毛主席小像章,以求一路平安。

关于毛主席铜像还出了一连串的奇事怪事,不知大家从新闻媒介中知道了多少。在此,小x就给大家说说吧!毛主席铜像揭幕仪式于1993年12月26日毛主席诞辰100周年之际

正式举行。江泽民主席亲自从北京赶到韶山为毛主席铜像揭彩。当天艳阳高照万里无云,但

奇怪的是,上午10:30左右,月亮也出来了。铜像的左边是太阳,右边是月亮,太阳与月亮

相互照映,照得整片天空通亮。于是形成了千载难逢、非常罕见的天文奇观――日月同辉。

当时正值12月份,而满山的杜鹃花顿时也全部盛开了,以毛主席故居山后的开得最艳。大

家都知道,杜鹃花一般是在每年的三至四月份期间开放,而这次则是在寒冬腊月之际,比以

往的开花季节提前了几个月。难道不能说是一件有违自然规律的事情?那时舜帝南巡、乾隆

预言,这些都只是传说,没有任何历史根据、凭证。而日月同辉与杜鹃花开,是人们亲眼所

见,同时还有当时摄下的盛况。于是人们说:毛主席太伟大了,他能使天随人意变、花伴天

意开。毛主席真神,他的光辉名字和丰功伟业将与日月同辉、与天地共存!待会儿,我们到

了韶山就可以看到日月同辉和杜鹃花开的相片和实况录相。当时还不止这些奇怪的事。1993年12月26日,揭彩的那一刻,有6只彩色的大蝴蝶围着主席铜像翩翩起舞,久久不肯离去。观瞻者惊叹不已,一老人介绍说是毛主席的六位亲人:杨开慧、毛泽民、毛

泽翠、毛岸英、毛楚雄、毛英建来给主席祝寿了。

各位团友,像这样的一件奇事、怪事单独的发生并不算什么,但一连串的奇事、怪事在同一时间、同一地点、同一个人身上,就不得不承认这真是太奇特了。主席毕竟是伟人,他

老人家虽然离开了我们,但冥冥之中仍活在我们身边,活在我们心中。所以毛主席铜像被称

为“东方的一尊神像”。

待会儿,大家请铜像时一定要注意以下几点:第一,毛主席小铜像是由韶山市旅游管理

局在国营韶山故居商场定点发行的,其它地方的小铜像没有唯一的珍藏编号。真正的毛主席

小铜像是紫铜制成的。其它的有的是玻璃铜、瓷的、石灰的。第二,大家在请毛主席小铜像时,一定要注意是“请”,而不是买。用买字就是对毛主席的不尊敬了,韶山人听见了是很不高兴的了。第三,如果大家要买一般的纪念品,在小商贩手中就可买到,他们不用交税,价格也很便宜。

等一下我们到了定点发行处会有专门的讲解员为大家讲解。好了,大家等会儿一定不要忘了,如果大家有兴趣,一定要把主席请回家了,请一尊神像,带上主席的一点灵气,保佑家人平平安安、幸福健康!

第三篇:湖南韶山导游词精选四篇

湖南韶山导游词

好了,现在请大家注意一下,我们马上就要进入韶山了。大家看,前面有一幅对联,左联:为有牺牲多壮志,右联:敢叫日月换新天。大家都知道中国有四大火炉:长沙、南京、武汉、重庆。那么除了四大火炉外,最热的地方是哪儿呢?对,韶山!因为韶山是红太阳升起的地方嘛。

韶山旅游区位于湘潭市、韶山市。1994年被国务院确定为国家级风景名胜区。总面积214平方公里,人口9.8万,姓毛的人家占70%。韶山的整个地势是由西北向东南逐渐倾斜的,东部为丘陵和较为开阔的地带,西部山峰环绕,由于长年的封山育林,峰峦一片葱郁。韶山最高峰韶峰是南岳衡山的第71峰,第72峰是岳麓峰。韶山是一块风水宝地,关于它的传说都是美丽的。传说当年舜帝南巡,来到了湖南,来到了韶山,见此风景宜人,心情十分愉快。便令随从奏起了韶乐(当时的一种宫庭音乐),这一奏,忽然一瞬间,只见百鸟欢跃,附近的飞禽走兽都闻声而起,欢歌起舞。由于附近全是山林地带,后来人们便根据舜帝用韶乐引来百鸟的故事,这地方叫做韶山。韶山的韶拆开就是音召,正是取这个意思啦。以韶字命名的还有韶山冲、韶峰、韶河等。韶山的传说很多,除此之外,还有关乾隆的。据说,清朝乾隆曾断言,他说韶山是块风水宝地,500年内必出真命天子,此人的姓必是“反手掌乾坤”。果然不出所料,1893,诞生了我们的一代伟人毛泽东,同时也正巧验证了乾隆的话。大家可以试着写一下,把手掌的“手”字最后一笔反过来是什么字,反手掌乾坤就是毛字。

毛主席的母亲文氏是湘乡人,文氏在家中排行老七,别人都叫她文七妹。因为文氏家的祖坟在韶山,为了清明节上坟的时候有个落脚的地方,文氏的父亲就将文七妹嫁到韶山,嫁给了毛主席的父亲毛顺生。文氏比毛顺生大三岁,俗话说:“女大三,抱金砖”,在当地毛顺生家里条件还算是可以的。在文氏生下毛泽东的前一天晚上,毛顺生做了一个奇怪的梦,梦见一条飞龙翘首东望,迟迟不肯离去。在1893年12月26日一个漆黑的夜晚,电闪雷鸣,狂风大作,一代伟人诞生了。毛泽东从小接到外婆家,在外婆家的山后有一块非常像人形的巨石,人们称为石观音,他外婆便把他带到石观音面前,拜为干娘,以保佑他茁壮成长,石儿伢子由此而来了。

毛主席的父亲毛顺生是个很精明的生意人,他对父亲的做法非常反感,所以时常顶撞父亲。有一次,他父亲将其生意上的朋友,请到家中做客,叫毛泽东招待一下,但毛泽东死命不从,便逃出家门,其父亲毛顺生追出来,毛泽东便跑到池塘边威胁父亲:“如果再逼我,就跳下去”,毛顺生当时非常担心,因为两个大儿子夭折了,害怕再失去一个,只好作罢。毛主席是非常孝顺他母亲的,有一次跟父亲斗气,一连十几天没跟父亲说话,母亲见不过劝他,给他父亲跪下认错,毛泽东跪下说:“母亲,这只腿是为你而跪的。” 好了,待会儿,我们要参观的一个景点,就是毛主席铜像广场。毛主席铜像高10.1米,重3.7吨。10.1米意味着10月1号,中华人民共和国成立的日子。所以毛主席铜像是取自于开国大典上的一个形象,主席手执发言稿、身穿中山装、面带微笑。韶山冲的冲意就是山谷中的一块平地,那么毛主席铜像广场就处于韶山冲这块平地的中心部位。毛主席铜像由南京晨光制造厂制造,由我国为著名雕刻家刘开梁和程允贤先生雕刻,历时120天。毛主席铜像于1993年12月6日从南京启运,一路经江苏、安徽、湖北、江西进入湖南。当运载毛主席铜像的汽车队开到江西井岗山的时候,突然汽车熄火了。司机们反复检修也没查出什么问题。这时一位70多岁的老表说:“井岗山是毛主席最早走出深山,拿起枪杆子闹革命的地方,他老人家想在这儿住一晚看一看。”到了第二天,车子没有经过任何检修,奇迹般地可以开动了。在江西与湖南交界处的一个“人”字型山坡上,天正下着瓢泼大雨,进井岗山的路很滑,一百多辆车子都受到了不同程度的损伤,有的根本走不动,只有运载铜像的车子很顺利,安然无恙地开过了井岗山。当有记者问起司机时,司机说:“我想是得到毛主席的保佑了。”所以现在很多的司机都有在车子前面挂一个毛主席小像章,以求一路平安。

关于毛主席铜像还出了一连串的奇事怪事,不知大家从新闻媒介中知道了多少。在此,小x就给大家说说吧!毛主席铜像揭幕仪式于1993年12月26日毛主席诞辰100周年之际正式举行。江泽民主席亲自从北京赶到韶山为毛主席铜像揭彩。当天艳阳高照万里无云,但奇怪的是,上午10:30左右,月亮也出来了。铜像的左边是太阳,右边是月亮,太阳与月亮相互照映,照得整片天空通亮。于是形成了千载难逢、非常罕见的天文奇观――日月同辉。当时正值12月份,而满山的杜鹃花顿时也全部盛开了,以毛主席故居山后的开得最艳。大家都知道,杜鹃花一般是在每年的三至四月份期间开放,而这次则是在寒冬腊月之际,比以往的开花季节提前了几个月。难道不能说是一件有违自然规律的事情?那时舜帝南巡、乾隆预言,这些都只是传说,没有任何历史根据、凭证。而日月同辉与杜鹃花开,是人们亲眼所见,同时还有当时摄下的盛况。于是人们说:毛主席太伟大了,他能使天随人意变、花伴天意开。毛主席真神,他的光辉名字和丰功伟业将与日月同辉、与天地共存!待会儿,我们到了韶山就可以看到日月同辉和杜鹃花开的相片和实况录相。当时还不止这些奇怪的事。1993年12月26日,揭彩的那一刻,有6只彩色的大蝴蝶围着主席铜像翩翩起舞,久久不肯离去。观瞻者惊叹不已,一老人介绍说是毛主席的六位亲人:杨开慧、毛泽民、毛泽翠、毛岸英、毛楚雄、毛英建来给主席祝寿了。

各位团友,像这样的一件奇事、怪事单独的发生并不算什么,但一连串的奇事、怪事在同一时间、同一地点、同一个人身上,就不得不承认这真是太奇特了。主席毕竟是伟人,他老人家虽然离开了我们,但冥冥之中仍活在我们身边,活在我们心中。所以毛主席铜像被称为“东方的一尊神像”。大家到韶山游览一次,肯定是要带些纪念品回去,象主席像章、主席项链、钥匙扣、毛主席集邮册等等。这些都是非常常见的、非常普通的。那么到底哪种才是最好的、最具有收藏价值的呢?我想作为导游,小x有义务、有责任为大家引导啦。在韶山最珍贵的纪念品莫过于由国家中央档案局批准、发行的毛主席铜像。这种小铜像是1999年12月10为庆祝澳门回归而发行的。(小铜像是铜像广场铜像形象缩小100倍)到目前为止,已发行了四个版本,铜像由中央档案局统一编号,从0001号到9999号,总共9999枚。为什么只发行9999而不是9998或10000尊呢?因为毛主席一生与9特别有缘。大家不妨跟小x一起回忆一下,在1949年9月9日率领解放军攻入了北京;1976年9月9日,是毛主席逝世的日子。那么还有一个9字呢,则是九五之尊的意思了,也象征着毛主席的地位是不可动摇不可替代的。毛主席铜像一经发行,第一号0001号及最后一号9999号就马上被原湖南省委书记王茂林和国家主席江泽民请去了。因为0001表示起点,毛主席出生在韶山,出生在湖南,第0001号小铜像当然要留在湖南了。现在王茂林将0001号主席铜像捐赠给了省博物馆保存了。而9999表示九五之尊,理所当然只有主席才能拥有了。如果大家细心的话,有时偶尔会在电视上看到江泽民总书记办公桌上摆着一尊毛主席小铜像,那就是第9999号小铜像了。

待会儿,大家请铜像时一定要注意以下几点:第一,毛主席小铜像是由韶山市旅游管理局在国营韶山故居商场定点发行的,其它地方的小铜像没有唯一的珍藏编号。真正的毛主席小铜像是紫铜制成的。其它的有的是玻璃铜、瓷的、石灰的。第二,大家在请毛主席小铜像时,一定要注意是“请”,而不是买。用买字就是对毛主席的不尊敬了,韶山人听见了是很不高兴的了。第三,如果大家要买一般的纪念品,在小商贩手中就可买到,他们不用交税,价格也很便宜。

等一下我们到了定点发行处会有专门的讲解员为大家讲解。好了,大家等会儿一定不要忘了,如果大家有兴趣,一定要把主席请回家了,请一尊神像,带上主席的一点灵气,保佑家人平平安安、幸福健康!

各位游客朋友:

大家好!欢迎来到伟人故里魅力韶山参观游览。我是大家此行的导游。我姓X,大家可以叫我小X,或者X导。

现在我们所在的这个位置就是铜像广场。我们今天的行程就从这里开始。现在大家看到的这块景观文化石叫做“中国石”。为什么叫做中国石呢,先给各位卖个关子,待会儿到了石头的背面再告诉大家。正面写了八个大字“中国出了个毛泽东”是由中国书法家协会原副主席沈鹏先生题写的。大家觉得为什么沈先生题字了却没有署名呢?当时沈先生是这样说的:“能在主席家乡题字,已经是无上光荣了。有了这样的殊荣,我不敢再奢望留名了。”可见沈先生对我们主席是相当的敬重。现在咱们一起往前面走,看到石头的背面,很像咱们的中国地图,所以把它称之为“中国石”,有一次一位广东的自驾游游客买了一张韶山地图,无意拿反了,按逆时针方向旋转180度发现,韶山地图跟我们中国大地图是极其相似的,而且毛主席家的祖居地,滴水洞的东茅塘所在韶山地图上的位置,跟北京首都在中国地图上的位置是遥相呼应的,所以就有一句这样的话说:“大中国,小中国,小小中国在韶山”。

看过大石头,大家再随我继续往前走。原来的铜像广场是1993年为了纪念毛主席诞辰100周年而建的。广场位于韶山冲的中心位置,是由主席的儿媳邵华将军亲自选址的。原来的铜像坐西北朝东南,是由我国著名的雕塑大师刘开渠和他的高徒程允贤合作设计的。大家现在看到的广场是08年扩建的。原来的广场面积只有5200平方米,扩建后的广场总面积达到了102800平方米。铜像的位置也有所偏移。将铜像向西南移位了90米,角度也有所偏移。现在的铜像是坐西朝东的。

我们现在所走的就是瞻仰大道。这条大道的设计是有一定意义的。这条道全长183米,寓意主席身高183公分。宽度为12、26米,寓意主席12月26日的诞辰日。瞻仰大道两旁对立的放着6块石头,寓意主席家为革命事业牺牲的6为亲人环绕在主席铜像周围。石头上镌刻的是毛主席生前写的一些非常杰出的诗词,如《沁园春长沙》《沁园春雪》《七律到韶山》《七律长征》《蝶恋花答李淑一》《卜算子咏梅》。

前方大家看到的毛主席铜像就是为了纪念主席诞辰一百周年的一个重点献礼工程,主席身着中山装,面露微笑,手持文稿,胸前别着主席字样的出席证。这一形象成功的再现了主席在开国大典上的伟人风采。这尊铜像是由中国美术馆馆长,著名雕刻大师刘开渠和他的得意弟子程允贤共同雕塑设计,历时120天,由南京晨光机器制造场铸造。铜像重3.7吨,高6米,基座高4.1米,通高10.1米,代表的是10月1日的国庆日。褐红色大理石基座上镌刻的“毛泽东同志”五个金色大字是由江泽民总书记于1992年题写的。这座铜像背靠韶峰,面向毛泽东同志故居,三面还环绕有56棵雪松,象征我国56个民族紧紧围绕在党中央周围,也形成了厚实壮观的背景林效果。

主席的一生可以说是具有传奇色彩的一生。那这个铜像在运送和揭幕的过程中也发生了一些具有传奇色彩的事情。1993年12月2日经南京运送至韶山,途径江西境内时,运载铜像的大卡车突然抛锚了,司机怎么检查也查不出原因,江西人就纷纷安慰说:“主席最早是在江西拿起枪杆子闹革命的,他老人家是想在这里再住一晚看一看。”第二天,果然未经任何检修,车子一点就着。主席喜欢映山红,也就是杜鹃花。杜鹃花一般是3、4月开放。而那一年韶山冲的杜鹃花却提前了几个月在12月就盛放了。乡亲们都说,是知道主席要回家,花神都夹道欢迎了。12月20日,江泽民总书记专程从北京赶往韶山为铜像揭幕,上午10点半,当幕布缓缓下落到主席手持文稿的地方时,天空中就同时出现了太阳和月亮,是日月同辉。月亮在8分钟后就自行消失了。江总书记自己亲眼见到这辆幕之后当着所有观众的面说“毛主席真的是太伟大了,他能使天随人意变,花伴人意开,主席他老人家真的是太神了,他的丰功伟绩将与日月同辉与天地共存。我们嘉宾来到韶山,一般都会入乡随俗,给主席鞠三个躬表示我们的敬意。那我们也鞠三个躬,向主席献上我们的敬意吧。

长沙-韶山-花明楼金牌沿途导游词(第6次修改版)

(上车一定要先和大家聊天,时间可以控制在10分钟之内,目的是先活跃下气氛,可以立即拉近和客人的距离,内容可以轻松幽默,如果车子在长沙市内,注意沿途讲解)

俗话说得好:“十修得同船渡,百年修得共枕眠”,用现船少了,车多了,所以是“百年修得同车行”,我们今天能坐在同一辆车里,可是百年才修来的缘分啊!能认识大家,我感到十分荣幸。那上了这个车,进了这个门,大家就是一家人,一家人不说两家话。怀着激动的心、伸出颤抖的手、拿起话筒的我就要献丑,谁不鼓掌就是嫌我丑!...(游客鼓掌)

中国有句古话,叫要活到老学到老,还有一句叫入乡随俗,那来到了咱们湖南呢,大家都知道,自古以来咱们湖南就是一个政治偏热、经济偏冷的地方,因此我们首先我们也要不忘讲讲政治,学习一下“三个代表”重要思想:第一:我谨代表热情好客的680万长沙人民对(远道而来的)各位朋友表示热烈的欢迎,第二:我谨代表湖南**旅行社全体同仁欢迎大家参加本次快乐之旅,欢迎,欢迎,热烈欢迎!第三个代表呢是我代表我本人和司机师傅表示对各位朋友最真挚的欢迎!

那我先自报家门,我呢是大家本次XX之旅的导游,我姓龚名鹏,龚是龚自珍的龚,鹏是鹏程万里的鹏。大家都可以叫我龚导,那年纪比我大的可以叫我小龚,那年纪比我小的。那就不能叫我老公了,呵呵。赏脸的可以叫我鹏哥。在整个旅途中大家有任何的问题都可以随时找我,只要您叫我一声“小龚”,或者“龚导”,我就会来到您的身边,24小时欢迎您骚扰!但是小龚有个小小的要求:在景区里面如果您有事找我千万别喊我“导游”,因为景区里面的团队非常的多,导游也是千千万万,如果您呼唤一声“导游”,那么回头率是相当高的,就不止小龚我一个人在回头看着您啊

那接下来呢,我要为大家隆重的介绍一个人,那就是为我们保驾护航的总舵手司机师傅,今天我们是非常有幸的请到。师傅。师傅连续三年被评为长沙市优秀驾驶员,(把师傅捧高,一旦有摩擦,师傅在游客面前也下不了台)有着丰富的驾驶经验,有了**师傅的保驾护航,一路上我们的行车安全问题,我们大可放心,大家只管负责欣赏两边的美景就可以了。

司机师傅走南闯北,说我们的司机师傅到了内蒙呢,是猛开,而到了吉林呢,是急开,那有没有人知道,到来了我们湖南,司机师傅是怎么开啊?(有人说“胡开”?!胡开克不行啊?还是我来揭开谜底吧,我们湖南的司机师傅呢,比较特殊,他们是“黑白两道都能开”,为什么这样说呢?那就要说到我们湖南的气候了,“春有百花秋有月,夏有凉风冬有雪”,春天百花盛开,夏天万木从荣,秋天五颜六色的叶子满天飞,冬天是雪花飘飘。这就是我们湖南的气候特征,四季分明,春夏秋三季的道路呢一般是黑色的,到了冬季一下雪,道路就变成白色了,所以我们的师傅是黑百两道都能开。

有人这样一个说:说世上的男人分为四等,一等男人家外有家,二等男人家外有花,三等男人花中寻家,四等男人下班回家。那大家看看我们师傅属于几等男人呢?开动您的大脑,好好的想一想,.....那我们司机师傅当然不能下班回家咯,因为像我们司机师傅和我们导游,一出团就是常常好几天,当然不可能下班就回家的呀。其实咱们的司机师傅就是一等一的好男人啊!大家不要乱想啊,我并不是说我们师傅花心啊。不过司机师傅确实有两个家。一个呢就是他下班回家休息的家,另一个就是此时此刻为我们遮风挡雨的旅游大巴了,它是我们司机师傅一个流动的家啊,当然师傅很爱它。在这我想说的是,大家一定要保持车内的卫生,把垃圾都扔到垃圾桶或者垃圾袋里,在大家离开我们时一定要做他个潇洒状:挥一挥衣袖,不留下一片云彩!那为中国烟草事业做出巨大贡献的男士们,为了别人,更为了您自己的健康好,在车上只能暂时的忍忍了。最后呢,请各位嘉宾伸出您热情而高贵的金掌、银掌、仙人掌,把您最热烈的掌声送给一路为我们辛苦的好男人,**师傅!也祝大家在一路玩得开心、吃得尽兴,把您的满意和微笑留下,把湖南人民的热情带回您的家乡!

(说完以上的,气氛基本活跃了致完欢迎词,简单的介绍下行程,在市内记得要介绍沿途的单个景点,然后开始说导游词)

我们现在所处的是湖南的省会长沙市市区,长沙是全国首批历史文化名城,以及全国首批优秀旅游城市。总面积1.18万平方公里,其中市区面积尽600平方公里,大小相当于半个香港,总人口超过6417367万,其中市区人口2365801多万(2008年数据)。长沙市目前共辖五区三县一市。五区分别是中间的芙蓉、南边的天心、西边的岳麓、北边的开福、东边的雨花区(分别以湖南省省花,天心阁,岳麓山,开福寺,雨花亭),三县分别是,民主革命先驱黄兴的故乡长沙县、朱镕基总理,毛主席的夫人杨开慧也是长沙县人。伟大的共产主义战士雷锋的故乡望城县,望城得名于”希望之城”、刘少奇的故乡宁乡县,一市则是谭嗣同,胡耀邦主席的故乡,浏阳市。浏阳在我国素有“花炮之乡”的美称。祖国1999年50年大庆,09年60年大庆用的烟花都是出自浏阳。08年北京奥运会的烟花也是用的浏阳花炮。据说2012年伦敦奥运会组委会正在跟浏阳接洽,浏阳的花炮也将走向世界。宁乡,长沙县,望城,浏阳也被成为长沙四小龙,都是全国百强县,特别是长沙想,位居全国百强县34位,是中南地区之首,经济年产值相当于西部地区的一个省。

长沙的雅称是什么?(可以说说其它城市的雅称,最好是客人当地的)。外地朋友来到长沙,手机都会收到一条短信,欢迎来到星城长沙,星城是长沙的雅称,有人就说是不是因为长沙的夜空星星特别多,所以叫星城呢?那当然不是咯。“星城”这个雅称是跟长沙市的得名而来有关的。在悠久的中国历史长河中,古代劳动人民创造了光辉灿烂的文化,其中有一种叫“星相学”,也就是我们现代的天文学。古代星象学家,将天空分为二十八个星宿,并且相对应的在人间各司其职。其中有一颗星叫轸星,轸星旁边就依附着一颗小星星叫长沙星,他是负责掌管人间寿命的。那“上有星像,下有星野“,长沙星对应的地方就是长沙市内的天心阁,所以古人地承星名取名叫长沙,那长沙也就被称为星城长沙。也有人开玩笑说,长沙的明星非常多,所以叫星城,因为长沙被称为中国的娱乐之都,有很多明星常来长沙表演或参加活动,可以说是星光闪耀

那坐飞机从空中俯瞰长沙,长沙就像三个盘子,一双筷子。三个盘子是指长沙的内环线,二环线,三环线。一双筷子是指南北走向的芙蓉路和东西走向的五一路

也有人把长沙的概况有趣的概括为”东邪西毒,南帝北丐”,那大家一定纳闷了,金庸小说里人人物怎么跟长沙扯上关系咯。还是听我慢慢道来:长沙地势西高东低,西边是岳麓山,东边是平地,整个地势向东边倾斜。长沙市的发展也以湘江为界,向东倾斜,所以叫东斜;西边,也就是岳麓区,有千年学府岳麓书院,现在是河西大学城,有中南大学,湖南大学,湖南师范大学等著名高等学府,历来就是读书的好地方,所以叫西读。在这插一句,其实这三所高校本来是一所学校,都属于湖南大学。湖南大学起源于岳麓书院。1903年岳麓书院改制为湖南高等学堂,1926年定名湖南大学,是国民政府教育部九所国立大学之一。解放后,李达为新中国时期湖南大学第一任校长,毛泽东主席亲笔题写了校名。此时的湖南大学绝对是中国第一流大学之一。然而1953年全国院系调整,湖南大学遭遇最惨,部分专业并入武汉大学和华中科技大,从湖大中又分出湖南师范学院、湖南工学院,也就是现在的湖南师大和中南大学。;说完东邪西毒,南帝北丐又是什么呢?南帝是因为长沙南城的房地产开发如火如荼,也有说因为湖南的省政府等机关单位都在南边,所以叫南帝;北丐则是一则玩笑话了,长沙北边有很多国企单位,1992年国企改革的时候,大批工人下岗,所以叫北丐。

长沙并非以经济出名,历来经济偏冷,政治偏热。而现在的长沙则跟多的跟娱乐有关,特别是电视湘军的崛起。正真让长沙弛名中外是因为长沙是一座历史文化名城和一座英雄的城市。

春秋战国时期,楚国势力不断南下,湖南境内被纳入楚国范围。楚国时代,长沙逐渐被开发,楚王在此修建城池,长沙成为楚南重镇。楚怀王时屈原就流放在长沙一带,当他听闻都城郢为秦将白起所破,悲愤绝望之下投汨罗江而亡,留下中国人的重要节日——端午节。

历史上,长沙的第一次冒头是在秦始皇统一中国之后。这位雄才大略的的皇帝将大秦帝国分为三十六郡,长沙郡赫然位列其中。为了加强岭南地区的管理,秦朝在湖南一共设了两个郡,除了长沙郡外,还有一个就是武陵郡。

不过长沙作为楚汉名城扬名立万,却是西汉时长沙国的建立。

秦始皇死后,经过楚汉争霸,双耳垂肩,双手过膝的刘邦大败西楚霸王项羽得到天下。建立了大汉王朝。刘邦一个人发财了,大家都有肉吃,,于是汉高祖刘邦大嘉封赏跟他一起打天下的谋臣将士,处了刘氏之外刘邦一共封了八个异姓王,最有名的要数楚王韩信,而这八个异姓王当中就包括长沙王吴芮,吴氏长沙国是长沙历史上最鼎盛的时期,最大的时候,还包括了江西、广东、广西的很多地方。

吴氏长沙国维持了46年,历时五代,后因长沙王五世死了没儿子而被撤封!这在大喊削藩的西汉时期,非常罕见。归根到底是因为长沙王们都非常谨慎,关键历史时期没有站错队。公元前196年,吴芮的女婿——大名鼎鼎的英布举兵反汉,次年被汉军打败,孤身入长沙,而这个时候,时任长沙王的吴臣(英布的大舅子)主动诱杀了英布,得到了刘邦的褒奖。其后历史上著名的七国之乱,长沙国也与中央保持了高度的一致,于是长沙王作为唯一的异性王就这么成了漏网之鱼,在大肆诛杀功臣的时代背景下成了西汉时期一道独特的风景。

说到吴氏的长沙国,还出了两个非常有名的相国。一位是汉惠帝时期的长沙相国利仓,他生前被封为候,没有在史册上留下什么佳话,不过在两千多年以后,却是大大的有名。马王堆古墓就是利仓一家的墓葬,那具震惊世界,保存完好的西汉女尸就是他的妻子-辛追老太太。看来,人要想出名也不太难,只要死后埋个好地方,坚持两三千年不腐烂,再被发掘出来,也就流传千古了。

汉文帝时,长沙王五世吴著虽然没有儿子而使得封地被撤,但他曾有另一个赫赫有名的太傅(相国)——贾谊。贾谊在长沙郁郁寡欢,毕竟人家是从繁华的长安而来的嘛,就好比现在把你从沿海地区调到西部去,又不告诉你是挂职锻炼,你郁不郁闷?郁闷之下,贾太傅至只好以写骚体诗作为娱乐和消遣,著名的《吊屈原赋》、《鵩鸟赋》就在这个时期写成,另外他还在在自己的家里挖了口井,据说井水清澈甘甜,自此开创了长沙人以洗冷水浴激励自己自强不息的传统。贾谊他还为自己挣了一绰号:贾长沙。

吴氏长沙国撤封后的第二年,汉景帝又封他的儿子刘发为长沙王,史称定王。不过这个长沙国与吴氏时就不可同日而语了,地盘只有十三个县。这位长沙王出生得阴差阳错,他的母亲本是景帝宠姬的一位侍女,某日文帝酒醉,而宠姬身体不适,不得以派这位侍女代为出征,糊里糊涂之下就有了刘发。刘发到了长沙,自然也与贾谊一样的郁闷,属地又小,身边又没有象贾谊这样的绝世天才,而且那时长沙的夜生活不丰富,一无酒吧,二无歌厅。于是他借着思念母亲之机,从长安运土在长沙城内筑了个台,没事上去眺望眺望母亲,顺便想想美丽的长安MM,这个台子就是被后人所熟知的定王台,现在定王台是长沙最大的书市。

这个定王除了这个定王台,几乎没给世人留下什么印象,但这位长沙王的六代孙您一定认识,他就是东汉开国之君汉光武帝--刘秀。在长沙不得志的定王是怎么也没想到自己的子孙后代出了如此杰出人物,也算大大地出了口鸟气。

东汉时长沙还出了个牛人,他就是被尊为“医圣”的张仲景,一代牛人当然有很多牛事,其中最牛的事之一就是他曾在王粲(建安七子之一)二十多岁时断定王粲四十岁脱眉,半年后即会死去。二十年后,王粲后来果然与张仲景预言的一样,脱眉而死。医生当到这个境界,岂止是圣,简直就是神了!张仲景晚年时官居长沙太守,恰逢长沙一带伤寒流行,张太守就择定每月初一、十五两天在衙门大堂上看病,开起最早的专家门诊来。据说后世人将医生在药铺里看病称为“坐堂”,就是因为张圣人的这一举动而得名。此后,张医生见“国病难医”,于是挂冠而去,整理整理伤寒病历资料,埋头搞创作,写出彪炳千秋的医学巨著--《伤寒杂病论》。后人也有仿照贾谊故事,称张仲景为张长沙。

东汉末年,豪强四起,战争连年,历史舞台上则是文人退下,武将粉墨登场。汉灵帝死前一年,浙江人孙坚被朝廷任命为长沙太守,在平定长沙四周的叛乱之后,任用良吏,治理长沙,为后来的东吴奠定了良好的基础。汉灵帝死后,董卓拥兵入洛阳,挟天子以令诸侯。各路诸侯兴兵讨伐董卓。孙坚为人刚烈,素恨董卓,于是在长沙募兵扩军,开始了“湘军”(那时还没这个说法)的第一次出省北伐的历程。所谓强将手下无弱兵,这支湘军锋镝凛凛,一往无前,数破董卓军,并终于攻入洛阳。这次讨董很有点象后世蔡锷起兵讨袁。)世人皆道,曾左练湘军名闻天下,岂不知当年的孙坚才是首练湘军的主?只是孙坚乃浙江人而不是湖南人而已。”

后来的关公战长沙,大战守将黄忠,实在是太有名,懒得啰嗦了,而长沙市至今很多地名都跟关公战长沙有关,像捞刀河,跳马乡,南、北倒脱靴等等

陶侃与长沙的不解情缘。江西人陶侃是东晋初年的名将。在高姓名阀把持朝政的晋代,一介书生,以贫贱出身,容貌迥乎于汉人,最后因军功成名,领荆州刺史,都督八州军事,几近于神话,是小人物成功典范中的典范。陶侃与长沙结缘,是白衣领职入湘平定杜弢流民之乱。此后陶侃转任广州刺使、荆州刺史,并被封为长沙郡公,长沙遂成为其食邑。他初入长沙时,曾结杉庵于麓山侧,筑陶关于湘江畔。常对人言:“大禹圣者,乃惜寸阴,至于众人,当惜分阴”,长沙至今有惜阴街、惜阴小学等名,就是为了纪念陶侃。陶侃平生最恨赌博,如果下属赌博一经发现,不但要训斥或者鞭打,连赌具都要扔到江里去。如今长沙麻将声声度长夜,号为声色之城,假使陶侃复起于地下,又当作何感慨?

陶侃晚年居于武昌,却对长沙念念不忘。他重病之际,派人将官印节传送还朝廷,然后登船赴长沙,可惜死于途中。读史至此,不由感叹,长沙又有何魅力,竟让陶公有“生不能为长沙人,死亦要为长沙鬼”的情缘? 陶侃曾孙,著名诗人陶渊明有诗赞曰:“在我中晋,业融长沙。桓桓长沙,伊勋伊德。天子畴我,专征南国。功遂辞归,临宠不惑。孰谓斯心,而可近得。肃矣我祖,慎终如始。直方二台,惠和千里。”

时间来到到了唐朝,唐王朝为了加强对湖南地区的控制,在唐代宗广得二年,也就是公元764年,设置湖南观察使。湖南之名由此而始,湖南这个叫法在历史上第一次出现。大唐开国皇帝李渊,把将长沙改名,改成潭州。潭州这个称呼持续了唐宋两个朝代。

唐安史之乱后,著名诗人杜甫买了一叶小舟逆长江出四川,逃乱到长沙也就是当时潭州。杜甫抵达潭洲不久,即逢兵变,于是南下衡州也就是衡阳,但却因水困于耒阳,挨饿五日,幸得当时耒阳县令送来牛肉白酒,方才免于饿死。不得以杜甫再次返回潭州,准备北上襄阳,然而困顿一生的诗人再也无力回天,逝于湘江一条小船上。一代诗圣,陨落三湘。(也有说杜甫其实是饿极后饱食涨死的)

杜甫在潭州虽一路奔波,但佳作不断,最脍炙人口的当属《江南逢李龟年》:“歧王宅里寻常见,崔九堂前几度闻。正是江南好风景,落花时节又逢君。”这首诗就是在长沙写的。在这里龚道还要插句嘴,当今说到江南,很多人就以为是江苏、浙江,其实大谬不然,清以前古人诗词文章中的江南是指湖北的一部分、湖南、江西等地。

杜甫曾在湘江畔租了一间临江的房子居住,房子有一个阁楼,杜甫在诗中称它为“江阁”。如今原阁自然不可再觅,长沙市在2005年建起一座四层的杜甫江阁,四周是一个面积极大的文化广场,隐然有与江南三大名楼争长短的雄风。

宋朝时国破山河,长沙这个个不平凡的城市,在漫长历史中,总是有一些光照汗青的事迹。

长沙(时称潭州)人是深恨金人的,金灭北宋之后,兵锋直指江南,公元1130年金兵从江西分兵入湘,合围潭州,苦战八日后长沙城被攻破,“金人在长沙烧杀抢掠六日,最后屠城而去”。一段国仇家恨,从此结下。

49年后,宋朝南归已18年,这一年,南宋朝廷委任著名的爱国诗人辛弃疾为湖南安抚使,时郁郁不得志的辛弃疾终于迎来了他人生中罕有的畅快时期。南宋朝廷还同意了他建立一支地方武装的建议。欣喜若狂的辛弃疾迅速将广招三相勇士,并将此军定名为“飞虎军”,这支怀着对金人刻骨仇恨的飞虎军,骁勇善战,很快就勇冠江三军,成为续岳飞岳家军之后又一支令金人闻风丧胆的军队,被金人称为“虎儿军”。后人为了纪念这支英雄的队伍,就将当年飞虎军安营扎寨的地方命名为营盘路。

无独有偶的是,七百余年后陈纳德的抗日飞虎队也曾驻扎湖南芷江,前后飞虎相辉映,也是湖南历史的一段佳话。飞虎军虽然只维持了三四十年,但对后世的影响也是深远的。相隔百余年后,成吉思汗的蒙古铁骑绕道云南(大理)攻打潭州,征战一个多月余,却无功而返。仅凭一省之力而对抗当时最精锐的侵略军而得以不败,应当说有当年辛弃疾创建飞虎军的影响。16年后,蒙古军再度攻入湖南,9月围住潭州,残酷的攻防战持续了三个多月,这对于内无兵、外无援的潭州是十分不易的。潭州城破之日,潭州兼湖南安抚使李芾,领全家十九口人集体自尽,以示忠烈,刚烈的潭州人,宁死不屈,多自尽而亡,“城无虚井,缢林木者相望”,仅岳麓书院学生殉难者就达数百人。

有时我想,湖南本属江南,却有与江南柔弱个性完全不同的血性,这种性格的形成应当就在南宋抗金、抗元时逐渐形成,也许辛弃疾创建飞虎军就是其中一点小小的火星?

到了明朝安徽和尚朱元璋又把潭州改回为长沙,这个称呼就一直沿用到现在。从明初开始,长江流域在官方的介入下开始了一股溯江而上的移民潮,这就是历史上著名的--“江西填湖广,湖广填四川”,然而值得思考的是,地处江南的湖南,自古有鱼米之乡之称,作为楚汉名城、湖湘第一都会的长沙则更是繁荣一时。理应是民富兵强而并非人烟稀少,但却出现了官府倡导的“移江西之民填湖广”的举动。这是为何?湖广土著居民应当是“荆蛮”楚人后裔,这一切的一切,都只能说明,抗金抗元,以及元末明初红巾军对元战争及其内部战争所达到的残酷程度早已超越了我们想象的极限。作为“荆蛮”楚人的后裔的湖广土著居早已所剩无几。连绵的战争,摧毁了湖广在过去岁月中积累下来的一切,使得生灵涂炭。江西人迁往湖广,几乎遍布所有府县。比如,长沙的坡子街

江西移民甚至到了湘西、贵州、云南当时被人视为畏途的苗蛮之地。龚导是张家界人,而我们龚家的祖先就是在明初从江西迁过来的。

关于江西填湖广还有一些趣闻,比如相传明初强制江西移民至湖广,由官兵捆住手以免移民逃跑,要上厕所必须喊“解手”,很多地方至今将这个称谓保持了下来,在湖南很多地方的方言中,解手就是上厕所的意思;

那湖南、湖北人之所以称江西人为老表,就是因为相互之间本为表亲;据说江西后裔的小脚趾会多生一小块指甲,各位赶快脱袜看看,究竟自己是不是被填而来的江西人后裔?

从历史的角度看,“江西填湖广、湖广填四川”,从效果上是一次史无前例的文化大融合,从此湖南已非楚人之湖南,而是天下之湖南,成了中国各处移民的聚居地。而湖南也正由于这样的文化融合开始脱胎换骨,于近代历史舞台上演了一出出波澜壮阔的戏剧。当代有的人将湖南近代人才辈出,完全归结为曾国藩创立湘军,使湖南民风士气为之一变,而不见两三百年来的文化融合之功,实在是短视之至!

关于太平军两打长沙,曾国藩出任湖南团练大臣,与左宗棠、胡林翼等人创建湘军,收拾天下人心,并最终扑灭太平天国之乱。这个故事估计大家已经是耳熟能详了,所以也就不多说了。不过,太平军攻打长沙确实犹如点燃了湖南这个火药桶,数百年蕴藏于湖南的能量注定要让中国此后百年天翻地覆。近代湖南人处处争先,其勇于任事,敢为人先的性格特点展露无遗。心忧天下,敢为人先的湖南人以绚丽的色彩走上历史的舞台。

湖南是镶嵌在我国中南大地上一颗璀璨的明珠。湖南历史悠久,地域辽阔。可以说人杰地灵,物华天宝。南邻两广,北接湖北,西连川贵,东攘江西。面积是21.8万平方公里,人口近7000万,居全国第六位。全省有十三个地级市,以及一个湘西土家族苗族自治州,省会是长沙市。

那之所以称之为湖南,是因为位于长江中下游南岸,且大部分地区处于我国第二大淡水湖洞庭湖之南,所以被称为湖南

湖南又简称“湘”,湖南境内有湘,字,沅,澧四大水系。由于湘江流域以及河谷地带历来是湖南政治,经济,文化中心,湘江也就成了湖南的母亲河,所以湖南简称湘

也有人用“三湘四水”来代表湖南全境。“三湘”是什么?“四水”又是什么呢?三湘”是指湖南的母亲河湘江的上中下三游称之为“三湘”。湘江发源于广西壮族自治区灵川县海洋山,当年秦始皇统一中国后,为了加强对岭南地区的统治,挖通一条运河,也就是著名的灵渠,灵渠是目前世界上最古老的运河。灵渠沟通了两大水系——长江和珠江水系、沟通了两大河流——湘江和漓江,因此湘江的上游与灵渠引过来的漓江水汇合后称之为“漓湘”;两条河流的名字也出自此处,本来两江相离,沟通后就在相离前加上三点水,往北流去的就叫做湘江,往南流的就叫做漓江。湘江北去,来到永州,在中游与潇水汇合后称之为“潇湘”,如今“潇湘”又泛指湖南全境,在长沙有家电影制片厂叫做潇湘电影制片厂,湖南广电集团有个电影频道叫做潇湘电影频道,长沙市民有份明天要看的报纸叫做潇湘晨报,都是以“潇湘”来命名;湘江继续往北流,来到衡阳与蒸水汇合,称之为“蒸湘”。到了近代,也有把湖南分为湘南,湘中,湘西三个地区,称之为三湘。“四水”,就是指湘、资、沅、澧四条大江称之为“四水”。

除此之外,很多书中都雅称湖南为芙蓉国。这是因为湖南气候湿润,河流密布,适合各种生物生长。自汉唐以来,湖南境内遍植荷花和木莲,荷花又被称为水芙蓉,木莲被称为木芙蓉,所以湖南有芙蓉国的美称。唐代诗人谭用之就有:“秋风万里芙蓉国,暮雨千家薜荔村”的名句,毛主席:“我欲因之梦寥廓,芙蓉国里尽朝晖”的诗句,更使这一美称名扬天下。因此湖南省的省花就是芙蓉花,而省树是广玉兰。长沙市的市花是杜鹃花,市树是香樟树。

那之前龚导我说过,湖南是人杰地灵的湖南,尤其是到了近代,湖南人才辈出。中国的历史学家们有一句话说是“中国的近代史是一部由湖南人书写的近代史”。有人也开玩笑说,在别的地方数人才是用手指头数,如果手指头不够那再加上脚趾头一定够了。那来到湖南数人才要怎么数呢?要用女人的头法数。

大家肯定会问了,导游你不是在吹牛吧!那当然不是吹牛咯,而是其它省份对湖南中肯的评价

2000多年前,伟大的诗人屈原在湖南留下了《离骚》、《九歌》、《天问》等不朽诗篇,最后投江自尽于湖南的汨罗江,以身殉国,屈原心忧天下的精神也成了湖湘文化和湖湘精神的重要源泉之一。那屈原则同英国伟大的戏剧作家莎士比亚,近代天文学的奠基人波兰的哥白尼,以及意大利文艺复兴的先驱,伟大诗人但丁,被尊为世界古代四大文化名人。

中国古代有四大发明,指南针,火药,造纸术,活字印刷术。那湖南占居其一,东汉年间,湖南耒阳人蔡伦制造出了世界第一张植物纤维纸。为人类文明的进程做出了巨大贡献。

大家都知道湖南有一所名闻天下的岳麓书院,它里面所教授的是儒家学说,儒家学说到了宋朝以后又称之为“理学“,那有没有朋友知道北宋理学创始人是谁?(提示下,<爱莲说>)湖南道县人周敦颐

另外,明末清初大哲学家船山先生---王夫之,也是湖南人。在中国近现代史上,湖南涌现了一大批杰出政治家,如提出师夷长技以制夷,被称为“近代睁眼看世界第一人”的魏源;清朝晚期的中兴名臣,湘军的创建着曾国藩;60多岁抬着棺材进新疆,收复天山南北广大地区的名族英雄左宗棠;我自横刀向天笑,去留肝胆两昆仑,被“戊戌六君子”之首的谭嗣同;辛亥革命时期的湖南三杰黄兴、宋教仁、蔡锷等。在国民党政府时期,湖南人也是人才辈出,蒋介石组建的48个军中,16个军长是湖南人,著名的“黄埔三杰(陈赓、蒋先云、贺衷寒)”,全部是湖南人。新中国历史上也有一大批领袖,比如一代伟人毛泽东、刘少奇主席、谁干横刀立马,为我彭大将----彭德怀元帅,两把菜刀闹革命的贺龙元帅,还有后来的胡耀邦主席、朱镕基总理等。湖南人除了有卓越的政治才能,更出名的是能征善战,有“无湘不成军”的说法。1955年中国人民解放军首次授衔时,十大元帅湖南有3位(彭德怀,贺龙,罗荣桓),10大将军湖南有6位(粟裕,陈赓,肖劲光,谭政,许光达,黄克诚),57位上将湖南有19位,100多位中将,湖南不是特别多,只有45位。那至于少将以及将军一下的军官则是不计其数,可以说将星闪耀。甚至远在台湾,一些政治派别的领导人像亲民党主席宋楚渝、国民党主席马英

九、等都是湖南人,其中曾任台湾亲民党主席的宋楚渝先生还跟毛主席是老乡咧,2006年5月9日他曾专程回湘潭老家祭祖。

那有人就说,湖南人是能武不能文。其实并非如此。湖南还涌现了一大批文学、艺术、教育、科技优秀人才,灿若星河,数不胜数,大家熟悉的就有如湘西凤凰古城的大文学家沈从文,大画家黄永玉、毛主席的老乡以画虾名震天下的画坛宗师齐百石、“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平等。中国“两院”院士中,湖南有41位。国歌的创作者之一田汉,中国音乐界的泰斗李谷一,以一首《小背篓》唱红大江南北的宋祖英(晋升少将军衔),张也,陈思思,汤灿。奥运冠军刘旋,熊倪,龚志超,杨霞,鲍春来,李小鹏,神奇小子龙清泉来等也都是土生土长的湖南人。

可能很多朋友会比较奇怪,论地理位置来说,湖南居于中部地区,接受西方新思维新生产方式肯定要比沿海各省要慢;论经济实力来说,充其量也只能算是中游水平。那为什么湖南会在近代会成为着中国人才的摇篮,引领中国的近代史。除了之前龚导所说的江西填湖广的文化大融合之外,龚导再说说“湖南三大怪”。

湖南有三大怪。这第一大怪是“说话像老外”。咱们湖南少数民族众多,方言也很多,让人觉得“十里不同天”,才出一个县,甚至一个乡镇,也感觉像出国一样,语言听不懂。

这第二大怪是“嘴里嚼个木头块”,大家会问,这木头块是什么啊? 这木头块就是我们湖南本土的口香糖和兴奋剂,也就是“槟榔”。湖南人有事没事都喜欢嘴里嚼个槟榔,见面时来根香烟或者递颗槟榔是湖南人的见面礼仪。槟榔原产地是在海南,可是全国最大的加工生产销售地却是在湖南湘潭。湖南人吃的槟榔是经过腌制过的,吃一颗槟榔可以提神。司机师傅开车开累,嚼颗槟榔可以提神醒脑。但小龚要提醒各位嘉宾的是,您如果是第一次吃槟榔,可千万要注意咯,别第一次就找个很大的放进嘴里就嚼,这样不到几分钟,您就会感觉到心跳加快,头晕目眩,像喝醉酒一样,这称之为”醉槟榔"。所以您第一次吃槟榔是,先切一小片慢慢嚼,适应了再嚼大的

刚说了第一大怪和第二大怪,那第三大怪是什么呢?(问:湖南人最喜欢吃什么?)这第三大怪就是“无辣不成菜”。有人说贵州人不怕辣,四川人辣不怕,湖南人怕不辣,可以说,湖南人嗜好吃辣椒到了无辣不下饭的程度。湖南人下馆子吃饭,都喜欢对老板说:“老板,来个下饭菜咯!”,各位嘉宾肯定会说,下饭菜是什么呢?下饭菜就是要够辣,够咸,够油腻,端上来的菜,闻起来香味扑鼻,看起来色泽艳丽,这样才能激发食欲,拿起筷子就大口大口的吃。那如果菜里没有辣椒,味道清淡,湖南人就会觉得索然无味,难以下咽。所以湖南人到外地去都喜欢带几罐剁辣椒和老干妈。所以就有人说,不到北京不知道自己官小,不到上海不知道自己钱少,不到张家界不知道身体好不好,这到了长沙您就知道自己胃不好了。外地游客来湖南要做好两样准备:一要准备好一副好身板,其次要准备一副好的胃口。为什么呢?首先我们湖南以山地为主,“无限风光在险峰”。尤其是人间仙境张家界,如果身板不结实,爬了一会山就累了,再美的风光也没办法欣赏咯。其次,如果没有一副好胃口,火辣辣的湘菜美食都不能动嘴,岂不扫兴!

那说到吃辣椒,咱们的毛主席,毛嗲嗲是出了名的爱吃,毛主席曾这样说过:“敢吃这种辣椒,世界上便再没有不敢做的事。当年起来造反的红军,没有不吃辣子的。大凡革命者都爱吃辣椒。”。但很多地方的人是不吃辣椒的,尤其是北方人和东南沿海一带居民甚至碰都不碰,所以他们性子缓做起事来温文尔雅。湖南人就不一样,湖南人无辣不成菜,小龚认为正是这种独特的辛辣饮食习惯造就了湖南人性格中的犟强和血性两大特色,湖南人才敢跳起脚来骂人,拿起枪来革命。用长沙话来说就是“不怕死““呷得苦”“霸得蛮”“耐得烦”

湖南人的血性令对手和敌人都感到钦佩。据说,世界上有三大最倔强的种群:一个是英国的爱尔兰人,另一个是德国的普鲁士人,再就是中国的湖南人。日本人对湖南的文化就非常感兴趣,他们在侵华战争中,以攻打湖南战役最感吃力,因为湖南人是最不容易妥协的,最硬气的。从1939年9月至1941年12月,日军三次大举进犯长沙,在第九战区司令长官薛岳将军的带领下,中国军队奋力抵抗。三次会战,日军均从长沙败退。长沙成为二战历史上坚持抗战达五年之久的英雄城市,成为中国抗战相持阶段的主要正面战场之一。值得一提的是,二战中长沙城损坏相当严重,它与斯大林格勒、广岛、长崎并称为二次世界大战中毁坏最严重的城市,尤其是“文夕大火”几乎烧光了长沙城,长沙老城剩半个天心阁。这也是问什么大家在长沙市一路看过来,没有什么老建筑了。1938年11月12日晚的“文夕大当时武汉失陷,日军通往中国南方的门户打开,蒋介石对保卫长沙缺乏信心;在岳阳失守后,密令张治中对长沙实施“焦土抗战”,1938年11月12日晚,一个好端端的长沙城被付之一炬,化为了一座废墟,史称“文夕大火”,长沙也由此并列为二战时期四大毁坏最为严重的城市之一。可是不到三个月,英勇不屈的长沙人民又在废墟上立起了一个个棚屋的新长沙,用满腔热血抗击了日寇一次次进攻,使日军在一路得手的情形中第一次承认中国人民的不可凌辱。

说了这么多,湖南人中最突出,也是最伟大的人物,当然要数共和国的伟大领袖——毛泽东同志了。今天龚导就要带领大家去参观主席小时候生活和成长的地方,在车上的讲解就到这里了,下车后龚导在为大家一一讲解,谢谢大家。

(如果行程是从长沙到韶山,就接下面的)

在这里我给大家出个谜语:大家都知道中国有四大火炉,南京,武汉,长沙,重庆。那除了这四大火炉之外,最热的地方在哪儿呢?对,就是韶山,因为韶山是红太阳升起的地方嘛。

韶山旅游区位于湘潭韶山市。1994年被国务院确定为国家级风景名胜区。总面积214平方公里,人口10万,而在这10万人口中,姓毛的人家占70%。韶山最高峰韶峰,洞庭八百里,衡岳七十二峰,那韶峰是南岳衡山的第71峰,第72峰是岳麓峰。韶山地图的形状酷似中国地图旋转180度,也就是倒立的形状。有人说韶山是中国的缩影,有人说这预示着韶山人可以扭转中国的乾坤

“韶”是上古时期一种音乐的名字。大名鼎鼎的舜帝为造福苍生,开拓疆土,辞别就爱,甘冒辛苦,渡黄河,涉长江,深入荆楚南蛮之地,南下途中舜帝与侍从宿营韶山,并在韶山建立起南巡的前沿大本营。舜帝见此风景宜人,心情十分愉快。便令随从奏起了韶乐,这一奏,只见百鸟欢跃,附近的飞禽走兽都闻声而起,欢歌起舞。后来人们便根据舜帝用韶乐引来百鸟的故事,把舜帝建行宫赏韶乐的山头叫韶山。韶山的韶拆开就是音召二字,音是音乐的音,召是召唤的召。正是取这个意思啦。以韶字命名的还有韶山冲、韶峰、韶河等。

几千年后,中国历史上又一位著名乾隆皇帝南巡至此,曾预言说,韶山是块风水宝地,500年内必出真命天子,此人的姓必是“反手掌乾坤”。果然不出所料,1893,诞生了我们的一代伟人毛泽东,同时也正巧验证了乾隆的话。大家可以试着写一下,把手掌的“手”字最后一笔反过来是什么字,反手掌乾坤就是毛字。

毛姓是华夏一个古老的姓氏,雄才大略的周武王灭掉暴君纣王建立周朝,封他的叔叔叔郑为毛伯,又称毛公。封地在今陕西岐山一带。毛伯的子孙世袭其封地,逐被称为毛氏。韶山并非毛家世代祖居,毛氏祖宗迁入韶山,从其鼻祖毛太华算起。毛太华行武出身,当年投奔朱元璋麾下,西征云南力据成吉思汗子孙的铁骑,并娶少数名族的姑娘为妻,决意埋骨边疆,永保社稷平安。后遇圣上贤明,赐其内迁至湖南湘乡,自此到今几百年,韶山毛家子孙,都把太华当做韶山毛氏开山鼻祖,尊其为第一代,到毛泽东刚好是第二十代子孙。

毛主席的母亲文氏是湘乡人,文氏在家中排行老七,别人都叫她文七妹。因为文氏家的祖坟在韶山,为了清明节上坟的时候有个落脚的地方,文氏的父亲就将文七妹嫁到韶山,嫁给了毛主席的父亲毛顺生。文氏比毛顺生大三岁,俗话说:“女大三,抱金砖”,在当地毛顺生家里条件还算是可以的。在文氏生下毛主席的前一天晚上,毛顺生做了一个奇怪的梦,梦见一条飞龙翘首东望,迟迟不肯离去。在1893年12月26日早上7点到9点之间,一代伟人诞生在上屋场的茅草屋里。按照《韶山毛氏族谱》规定的备份,毛泽东属泽字辈。毛顺生为了纪念毛家祖居地,也为了纪念主席出生的时辰,辰时是太阳升起的时候,太阳是从东边升起的,所以起名为毛泽东。毛顺生之前两个孩子,但都夭折了,所以家里十分看重毛主席。毛主席从小接到外婆家,在外婆家的山后有一块非常像人形的巨石,人们称为石观音,他外婆便把他带到石观音面前,拜为干娘,以保佑他茁壮成长,石儿伢子由此而来了。一般大家都只知道主席出生的日子是12月26日,但很少有人知道这一天是阴历十一月十九日,而阴历十一月十九日在佛教中正好是观音菩萨转世投胎的日子。而在这个世界上只有两个男人是不长胡子的,一个是观音,另一个就是毛主席。

毛泽东生于1893年12月26日,逝世于1976年9月9日。作为一代伟人,开国明君,毛泽东一生充满传奇。毛泽东是人,不是神。但其一生确充满了神奇神秘色彩!从下面几个数字,可以看出毛泽东的神奇!提起毛主席和数字,人们往往喜欢把主席和九联系在一起,在我看来,8341和28这两个数字更传奇。

首先是数字8341。毛泽东从1893年出身到1976年逝世,一共是83年。毛主席在中共真正取得领导地位是在1935年遵义会议之后,从1935年到1976年,毛泽东一共执政41年。大家都知道主席下颚有一颗志,叫做帝王志。其实青年毛泽东是没有这颗志的,这颗帝王志正是在35年遵义会议之后慢慢出现的。

武装革命时期,毛泽东配有一把步枪,步枪的编号就是8341。建国后,毛主席不再配枪,毛主席便把自己的警卫部队的番号改为8341。8341部队一直是一只神秘的部队,大家都不知道。直到后来8341部队被派到北大支左,人们才知道有这么一支部队,但人们都不敢过问。

解放后主席在北京时,常去西山,他请西山以为德高望重老道给自己算上一卦,西山老道只在纸上写下8341四个数字。主席问起含义,老道说:天机不可泄露。主席一生神机妙算,却怎么也猜不透这几个数字。预示着毛泽东在世83年,执政41年。

28就更多了,在这里就简单的说以点点

1921年毛泽东参与创建中国共产党,并参加出席了中共一大,时年28岁。

毛泽东与北大教授杨昌济的女儿杨开慧结婚时,虚岁28。而杨开慧则时二八芳龄。也就时16岁。

毛泽东在湖南第一师范学校读书期间,为了结交志同道合的朋友,曾用笔名二十八画生。二十八画即为毛泽东三字的繁体字笔画数。

秋收起义开始的二十八天后,毛泽东率起义队伍到达宁冈县的茅坪,开始了创建井冈山革命根据地的斗争。

1928年4月二十八日朱德、陈毅率南昌起义余部上井冈山与毛泽东领导的秋收起义部队会师,成立工农革命军(不久改称红军)第四军,朱德任军长毛泽东任党代表,从此井冈山革命根据地声威大振,朱毛红军威名远扬。

二十八团——红四军战斗力最强的团,以南昌起义部队为主组成,团长初由红四军参谋长王尔琢兼任,王牺牲后由其第一营营长林彪继任。

二十八岁的贺子珍1937年10月离开延安到西安后转到兰州、新疆去苏联,从此再也没能回到毛泽东身边。

二十八岁的毛岸英1950年11月25日牺牲于抗美援朝前线。

1949年开国大典上,毛泽东一反国际惯例,提议在1949年10月1日“开国大典”上54门礼炮齐鸣二十八响。这也是个谜。当年美国总统访华时,就问周总理,为什么要鸣响28下。周总理很聪明,也没有正面回答,就说你还是明天自己问主席吧。遗憾的是,第二天尼克松总统也处于种种原因,没有问毛主席这个问题。因此28响礼炮也成了一个迷。最可靠的说法是为纪念中共建国前二十八年的奋斗历程

“开国大典”鸣礼炮二十八响。为纪念中共建国前二十八年的奋斗历程,毛澤東提议在1949年10月1日“开国大典”上54门礼炮齐鸣二十八响。

毛泽东从出生到入党,一共28年,从入党到建国,一共28年,从建国到逝世一共28年。

中国人都不会忘记历史上的一九七六九月九日零时十分,天上的满月已开始渐渐西沉,心中的红日却再未能冉冉东升。毛泽东是人不是神,它不可能像人们欢呼的那样活到“万岁万万岁”

陨石地震,天人感应。伟人的辞世冥冥中却有预兆

1976年3月8日在在中国吉林市北交。发生了世界上最大石陨石雨,大量碎小陨石散落在吉林市郊区。其中最大的三块陨石都超过了100公斤,最大了陨石重达1770千克,这也是世界最大最重的石陨石。陨石雨降落时,铺天盖地,其声几百里以外清晰可闻。落地的巨响和震波,震碎了无数居民住宅的玻璃窗。场面之宏大,威力之巨猛,如同原子弹。然而,竟无一人一畜的伤亡。可谓一奇。

一九七六年七月二十八日唐山大地震,二十四万生命顷刻消失,陨石雨,地震在民间,在老百姓那里,确实引起了不少传说,不少议论: “陨石雨,可是千年不遇,天上落石头,说明要死人了。天上落下了三块大石头,就是说中国必有三个大人物要归天了,周总理、朱老总、毛主席,三个领袖都是1976年逝世。那块最大的陨石,就是象征着毛主席,那些小的陨石,就是指唐山大地中死去的那些人。”

据主席当年的贴身侍卫会议,毛泽东听到陨石雨消息的这一天下午,他不止一次地站到窗前,望着渐渐昏暗下来的天空,每次时间都很长很长。仿佛那神秘昏暗的天空上,有谁书写了只有他才读得懂的文字。

主席1919

年离开韶山,并留下 “孩儿立志出乡关,学不成名誓不还”的诗句,从出走韶山到辞世,主席曾5次回韶山,最后一次是1966年。但韶山的父老乡亲跟愿意说主席是六次回乡,最后一次是在1993年。1993年事毛泽东同志诞生一百周年,中共中央特拨专项资金铸造了毛泽东铜像。铜像由著名的雕刻大师刘开渠老先生完成,刘老再完成此作品后就追随主席而去,这也是这位大师的遗作。毛主席铜像于1993年12月6日从南京启运,一路经江苏、安徽、湖北、江西进入湖南。当运载毛主席铜像的汽车队开到江西井岗山的时候,突然汽车熄火了。司机们反复检修也没查出什么问题。这时一位70多岁的老乡说:“井岗山是毛主席最早带领大家,拿起枪杆子闹革命的地方,他老人家想在这儿住一晚看一看。”到了第二天,车子没有经过任何检修,奇迹般地可以开动了。在江西与湖南交界处的一个“人”字型山坡上,天正下着瓢泼大雨,进井岗山的路很滑,一百多辆车子都受到了不同程度的损伤,有的根本走不动,只有运载铜像的车子很顺利,安然无恙地开过了井岗山。当有记者问起司机时,司机说:“我想是得到毛主席的保佑了。”所以现在很多的司机都有在车子前面挂一个毛主席小像章,以求一路平安。的确,主席戎马一生,神奇的是身上却没有一处刀伤和枪伤,所以在中国人心中,主席是一个神,是一个保平安的平安神。所以每年都有成千上万的人不远万里来到韶山祭拜老人家,以祈求保佑平安,并且请一尊主席的铜像将其请回家以保家人平安。

12月6日,毛主席铜像行程1300多公里终于抵达韶山。人们早早的带着鞭炮、敲锣打鼓,齐聚在公路两旁,欢迎的人群长达15公里,铜像车队抵达时,沿途鞭炮齐鸣、锣鼓喧天、人们欢声雷动,200多名韶山青年自发地用100多辆摩托车组成车队,夹道护卫毛主席铜像进入韶山冲。人们留下了激动的泪水,高喊着“毛主席回来了……

毛主席铜像揭幕仪式于1993年12月26日毛主席诞辰100周年之际正式举行。江泽民主席亲自从北京赶到韶山为毛主席铜像揭彩。当天艳阳高照万里无云,但奇怪的是,上午10:30左右,月亮也出来了。铜像的左边是太阳,右边是月亮,太阳与月亮相互照映,照得整片天空通亮。于是形成了千载难逢、非常罕见的天文奇观――日月同辉。当时正值12月份,而满山的杜鹃花顿时也全部盛开了,以毛主席故居山后的开得最艳。大家都知道,杜鹃花一般是在每年的三至四月份期间开放,而这次则是在寒冬腊月之际,比以往的开花季节提前了几个月。难道不能说是一件有违自然规律的事情?那时舜帝南巡、乾隆预言,这些都只是传说,没有任何历史根据、凭证。而日月同辉与杜鹃花开,是人们亲眼所见,同时还有当时摄下的盛况。于是人们说:毛主席太伟大了,他能使天随人意变、花伴天意开。毛主席真神,他的光辉名字和丰功伟业将与日月同辉、与天地共存!待会儿,我们到了韶山毛泽东同志怀念馆就可以看到日月同辉和杜鹃花开的相片和实况录相。

当时还不止这些奇怪的事。1993年12月26日,揭彩的那一刻,有6只彩色的大蝴蝶围着主席铜像翩翩起舞,久久不肯离去。观瞻者惊叹不已,有人就说是毛主席的六位亲人:妻子杨开慧、大弟毛泽民、小弟毛泽潭、长子毛岸英、侄子毛楚雄、堂妹毛英建来给主席祝寿了。

各位朋友,像这样的一件奇事、怪事单独的发生并不算什么,但一连串的奇事、怪事在同一时间、同一地点、同一个人身上,就不得不承认这真是太奇特了。主席毕竟是伟人,他老人家虽然离开了我们,但冥冥之中仍活在我们身边,活在我们心中。所以毛主席铜像被称为“东方的一尊神像”。

每年的12月26日,成了一个纪念的日子,成了所 有的中 国人向一代伟人表示敬意的日子。人们写他,画他,歌唱他,采取各种文 艺形式,表演他一生中最精彩传奇的经 历。

伟人以逝去,离开了就不再回来,他的生命不在了,但灵魂在。他是中华民族永远的 财富,不管时 代如何发展,人民都不会忘记他。主席离开我们已经有三十多年。无论别人什么居心侮辱,诋毁毛泽东,也无法抹杀毛主席一生为人民和国家的伟大功绩,也无法掩盖毛泽东是中国历史上最伟大的伟人。翻开尘封的历史,是毛主席让积贫积弱、半封建半殖民、人称东亚病 夫的中国,从新昂首站 立起来,一跃而成为仅 次于美苏的战略强国。是毛主席让国家经济从无到有的发展和国际地位的提高,人们纯朴向上的精神面貌和良好的社会风气,“路不拾遗,夜不闭户”是那个时代最好的人民最和谐的生活景象。看看中国几千年的发展史上,有那个朝代能做到这一点。

他不但改变了历史,而且艺术地书写了历史,其人格魅力永为我民 族雄魂,其 思想遗产永远 是共和国立国之本。他是世界被压迫民族和被压迫人民革命的旗帜,也是人类正义的 化身,将带给 人类进步事业以 恒远福音。

在短短二十多年,实现中国历史上最伟大的变革,无论如何我们是 不可以苛求于前 人的。今天我们享 受到的物质成果,与其说是改革开放带来的,毋宁说毛泽东时代奠定的。人 民共和国的基石渗 透了整整一代人的奋 斗和牺牲,这里边就有给位父母辈的付出。他们生活在一个清贫的时代,但也是一个英雄的时 代,骄傲的时代!

毛泽东是一个历史巨人,他可以不出他的书房迎送美国总统,他可 以把苏共总书记骂的狗血 淋头!他可以在朝鲜和越 南两次和美国交手,他可以痛击印度和苏联长期抗衡,请问 这个世界上还有谁有这样的 胆色? 毛是 一个挽民族于危难的铁血巨人!他令全世界都 为之仰视,为之胆寒和颤抖!历史 将永远铭记他的丰功伟绩!他绝对 是超越秦皇汉武、唐宗宋祖级别的历史人 物!

作为70年代,80年代,出生的人,毛泽东给过具体的什么给我们吗?我要说的是毛主席给了我们至今仍能保持正直与上进的心。76年毛主席逝世那天,所有的中国人民面对着北京的方向肃立默哀,眼泪侵头透了每个中国人的心。怀念毛泽东应是全社会全时代全民族的事情。怀念毛泽东不需要有什么理由的。一个用毕业精力致力于国家和民族大业的人何以不为后人所怀念?

有一种记忆,是时间抹不去 的,那是一个国家对自己英雄的缅怀 ;

有一种情绪,是光阴收不回的,那是一个民族对自己天才的景仰;

有一种心理,是岁月夺不走的,那是 全人类对历史性伟人的崇敬。永 远怀念您,亲爱的毛主席!

(清唱毛主席祝您万寿无疆)

(可插:奥运冠军与韶山

在林丹击败李宗伟夺得个人首个奥运会单打金牌的过程中,一个与之前所有比赛场次不相同的细微之处是,林丹在衣服佩了个***像章。现场记者都没有发现这个特殊的地方,直到电视镜头把这个像章放大,才在赛后的新闻发布会上引起了媒体的兴趣。由此,也揭开了一故事。当有记者问到这个像章的来历时,林丹表示,“我相信所有人都知道毛主席是我们中国非常伟大的领袖,其实这是一个故事„„”故事是这样的:

2004年雅典奥运会的时候国家羽毛球队在湖南集训。有一天所有人去韶山,就是去主席居住过的地方去参观,当时因为很年轻,当张宁等人都跑步上山到主席的祖坟面前买毛主席喜欢的烟和酒,去很有心意地拜祭时,那时候的林丹却在下面打牌。临走时,所有的队员都在广场上面集合,很热闹,“当时晒的我眼睛也睁不开,队友出牌比较慢,我就开一句玩笑,因为是主席一个很大的雕像,我说主席你热不热,就是这么一个简简单单的玩笑,04年雅典奥运会我第一轮就输了。”当时林丹也没太放在心上。但当有一天当所有队员调整,大家一起再次从北京赶到湖南的韶山时,也是慢慢走,李永波就说谁最快跑到山上谁就最有成绩,所以林丹就拼命跑上去,当时买了酒,在主席的墓前撒了一圈,然后很有诚意地拜了,顺便买了徽章——北京奥运会羽毛球项目的最后一场比赛中,他就戴上了,并且实现了羽毛球生涯的突破。

“在2000年的时候,孔令辉在争夺冠亚军的时候他也别着,”林丹透露说,“我今天希望主席也给自己带来一些力量,非常感谢主席,希望接下来有时间回去再好好的拜一下。”)

<讲到这,车子很快就到韶山风景区。可以叫大家欣赏四周的风景,顺便强调下注意事项。再次介绍行程>

下车后景点讲解: 韶山景区景点;

延安宝塔:大家请看左前方的山岭上有一座塔。那是在毛泽东同志纪念园内,仿照延安的延安宝塔所修建的

韶山学校:

南岸溏:

大家现在看到的池塘叫南岸溏,前面的叫荷花溏。主席一生酷爱游泳,主席63岁后曾前后8次畅游长江。1966年7月16日,73岁高龄的毛泽东在武汉横游长江历时一小时零五分,游程30华里,其壮举与世皆惊。那南岸溏就是主席小时候练习游泳的地方了。1963年郭沫若参观韶山时,就感慨说:“毛主席是少时游池塘,老年游长江!”。有一年秋收,暴雨即将来临。小毛泽东赶在雨前帮助邻居毛四阿婆收藏稻谷,自家晒着的谷子却让暴雨给冲走了不少。父亲见此生气的直嚷嚷:你到底是在哪家的锅里吃饭的?

毛泽东想,自己家的粮食年年吃不完,即使冲走了一些也碍不了大事,邻居家的粮食本来就少,冲走了必定挨饿。于是,他顶撞了父亲。父亲对儿子的强词夺理更加恼火,一边骂一边追着打儿子。毛泽东被逼急了,纵身跳进南岸池塘里,不肯上岸。后来还是亲邻好友美言相劝,他才悻悻回家。

南岸私塾:

少时毛泽东先后就读7所私塾,南岸私塾是毛泽东最早,也是就读时间最长的私塾。

故居:

故居所在的地方准确的说叫上屋场,这是一座普普通通的江南农舍,坐南朝北,土木结构,整体成凹字型,当地的老百姓习惯把这种结构称为一担柴。当年这里住着两户人家,东边13间半青瓦房为毛主席家,西边4间半茅草屋为邻居家,中间的堂屋为两家共用。1929年国民党没收了房子,将其租给当地的农民,房子受到一定的损坏。大家今天看到的样子是根据1918年的样子恢复的,1918年也是毛主席家经济条件最好的时候。中国人最爱讲个风水,可以说故居是块风水宝地,屋前有荷花塘和南岸塘,屋后的小山叫猪婆侧,猪这个字虽然听起来不雅,单在当地猪是吉祥的意思,所以应为猪代表财富的意思。所以毛泽东同志故居,前有绿水,后有青山。映照了风水学的前有照,后有靠的说法。大家看整个峡谷是个S型,整个是个太极八卦图,故居就在太极八卦图的中央。去过刘少奇故居的朋友,留心观察,发现少奇同志故居的风水和主席家的风水颇为相似,都是前有绿水,后有青山。两家的东边都是缺口,东是太阳升起的方向,象征这一个人年轻的时候,东边有缺口寓意着两个人年轻时都能走出山关,成就一番伟业。不同之处是,主席家西边环山,而少奇家不是,西边是太阳落山的方向,象征这一个人万年的时候。这就寓意着少奇同志万年没有靠山,所以万年的处境非常悲惨。

大家请看故居大门上的这块金字红木匾“毛泽东同志故居”。

1950年,毛泽东的族叔毛月秋收集了44件家具和农具,以及革命文物,在故居内陈列。完工后,大家都觉得缺快匾,那个时候老百姓最爱喊得一句口号就是伟大领袖毛主席,所以大家就在匾上写上伟大领袖毛主席的家,挂了起来。1950年1月12日,毛泽东旧居接待了第一批国际友人———苏联电影代表团。同年5月,毛泽东的长子毛岸英代表毛泽东回到韶山,参观父辈的旧居。1952年韶山乡政府自作主张对毛泽东旧居进行第一次大规模整修,本来还准备再修条路,毛泽东知道后坚决阻止。1953年,毛泽东在北京会见来自家乡的亲友时,毛月秋提起了3年前苏联摄影师参观旧居的事情,并告诉他苏联客人当时说,毛泽东像列宁一样伟大。毛泽东听后说:“列宁是伟大的,他在帝国主义时代建立了第一个社会主义国家。毛泽东还谈不上伟大,我们还是跟在苏联的后面,社会主义的万里长征刚刚迈出第一步。”毛月秋又告诉毛泽东,苏联和民主德国客人看到上屋场上挂的“中国人民伟大的领袖毛主席的家”的匾,都说好。“这个不妥,不妥。‘伟大’两字不是封的,哪里会一写伟大就伟大呢?我建议换一个门匾。”毛泽东说。

1955年,时任湘潭县委书记的华国锋同志,根据多方的调查和意见,决定把第一块匾换掉,挂起了第二块门匾“毛泽东同志故居”。

1961年在广州参加中央会议的刘少奇同志,顺道回到家乡,并参观了毛泽东同志故居,少奇同志认为,毛泽东同志故居的‘故’字有‘过去’和‘去世’两种意思。我们的毛主席身体很健康,应当把‘故’字改为‘旧’字。”国家主席提出了意见,旧居管理人员认真地把刘少奇的意思完整准确地记录下来,并逐层向上级汇报。不久,湖南省委办公厅下文同意将“毛泽东同志故居”改为“毛泽东同志旧居”。1961年,全国人大常委会副委员长郭沫若为旧居题写了“毛泽东同志旧居”的匾额。从此,“故居”改为了“旧居”,此名称一直沿用到1983年。

1983年,韶山管理局派人到北京,请邓小平题写故居和纪念馆的匾额。邓小平题写了“毛泽东同志故居”和“韶山毛泽东同志纪念馆”两块匾额。现今,故居和纪念馆用的就是这两块匾。

题写一般都会在最后署名,小平同志却没有留名,小平同志说,相对主席的伟大,我不值得一提。

后门那:大家可以摸摸乾坤卦,沾沾灵气。毛主席是反手掌乾坤,所以要两手交叉反着摸 中国出了个毛泽东石碑:

这块石碑:中国出了个毛泽东。这几个字是从毛泽东的文稿中提出来的。是毛主席的手记。主席的草书狂放不拘,飞扬洒脱,独成一体,被世人称为毛体。说道书法,湖湘大地上出现的第一位大书法家是隋唐之际的欧阳询老先生,他对中国书坛产生过重大影响,后来多为大家都是师从这位老先生。像颜真卿,柳公权。那主席最早也是师从欧阳询。主席练的第一本字帖就是欧阳询的

铜像广场:现在我们所走的叫“朝阳大道”,全长183米,象征着主席身高1米83。两边的石块上刻着主席的诗词作品。毛泽东铜像广场修建于1993年,也就是毛泽东诞辰100周年之际。2008年,也就是毛泽东诞辰115周年的时候,铜像广场得到扩建,比原来的大了近三倍。

主席铜像高6米,基座4.1米,全高10.1米,象征着中华人民共和国成立的日子,也寓意着主席是共和国的主要缔造者之一。铜像的形象取自开国大典上的一个形象。主席手执发言稿,身穿中山装,面带微笑,气宇轩昂,再现了主席在开国大典上的光辉形象。

纪念馆:1963年筹建,1964年正式对外开放,最初叫“韶山毛泽东同志旧居陈列管馆”。1982年中央批准改名为“毛泽东同志纪念馆”,1983年邓小平同志亲笔题写。现在的纪念馆是2003年改造,共有8个展厅,后面还有一个毛泽东遗物馆,共有4个展厅。纪念馆生动的反映了毛泽东同志的丰功伟绩和人格风范。

韶山学校

韶山学校坐落在毛泽东故居西侧的张家山,前临韶河,背倚青山,校舍隐现于绿树丛中。校门门楼上有毛泽东亲笔题写的“韶山学校”四个大字。校园四季花香,常年鸟语,空气清新,环境幽雅,是青少年读书求知的好场所。

学校前身是1921年在毛氏宗祠创办的毛氏族校,由毛麓钟、毛简臣两位先生创建。1952年,湖南省人民政府在张家山兴建了新校舍。同年冬,毛泽东的堂兄兼私塾老师毛宇居受韶山人民委托上北京请毛泽东题写校名。毛泽东得知家乡兴建了学校,甚为高兴。铺纸提笔,当即便准备题写。“写什么名好呢?”毛泽东旋又放下笔来问毛宇居。“请写湘潭县韶山小学吧!”毛宇居回答。毛泽东正要下笔,想了想说:“写小学不好,现在是小学,将来还要办中学,办大学,那不是又要写吗?”说完,便挥笔写了“韶山学校”四个大字。次年6月,学校从毛氏宗祠迁入新校舍,其时为完全小学。

如果去花明楼就接 有诗曰:“韶山冲连着炭子冲,风雨潇湘起二龙”,一条是赤龙毛泽东,另一条就是青龙刘少奇同志了。(如果是从韶山去花明楼)

少奇同志是中国共产党和中华人民共和国的主要领导人之一,中国杰出的革命家、政治家和理论家。

1898年11月24日生于湖南省宁乡县炭子冲。1921年到苏联莫斯科东方共产主义劳动大学学习,同年加入中国共产党。后成为我党最重要的领导人之一。1959年4月,在第二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上当选为中华人民共和国主席。少奇同志为党和人民贡献了毕生的精力。然而作为国家主席的他,可以说是一位悲剧式的伟人。大家都知道刘少奇冤案被是我党历史上最大的冤案。

1966年12月下旬,在尚未对刘少奇作任何审查的情况下,江青一伙就宣称刘少奇是打倒对象,鼓动造反派采取“倒刘”行动。在没有进行任何调查取证的情况下,毫无根据地对刘少奇冠以“反革命”、“大叛徒,大特务”的帽子。随后迅速成立刘少奇专案组,刚开始专案组费尽心机,但未找到刘少奇“自首叛变”的证据。江青,康生对此大为恼火,在毫无所得的情况下,只好不择手段从犯人嘴里掏口供。专案组将人抓来之后,采取勒令交代、长期隔离、日夜审讯、轮番批斗软硬兼施等手段,编造假情况。对办案人员也是威逼利诱,对抽调来参加专案工作的人员用又打又拉的手法不断施加压力,严密控制。当办案人员稍有不慎,或有不同的意见,轻者被他们斥为“右倾”,重者逮捕入狱。,跟可恶的是江青一伙根本不给刘少奇申诉的机会,完全剥夺刘少奇申辩、申诉的权利。

几十年艰苦的战争,年近七旬的刘少奇已浑身是病。“造反派”却故意停了他的药,强迫他改变生活习惯,每天只能睡两三个小时,有时彻夜不眠。每次看病前先开一阵批斗会,医生一边检查病情一边大骂:“中国的赫鲁晓夫!”有的用听诊器敲打,有的用注射器使劲乱捅,看病就跟上刑一样。由于长期不活动,双腿的肌肉渐渐萎缩,胳膊和腿因为常打针被扎烂了。除了身体上的,跟多的是身体上的折磨。

1967年,文革中在被隔离审查之前对家人说的最后一句话:好在历史是人民写的。1967年9月,当得知自己家人被迫赶出家门,妻子王光美被关进监狱,受尽折磨的刘少奇的精神几乎崩溃。在这场**中,刘少奇那个曾经幸福的家再也不能团圆了。4位骨肉先后惨死,6位亲人坐过监狱。

1969年10月17日,重病中的少奇同志被秘密押往河南开封,被囚禁在原国民党一个银行的地下金库。他在那里度过了生命中的最后27天。到了开封后,专案组强行将北京的医护人员调走,并给重病的少奇同志停止用药。1969年11月12日,清晨6时5分,刘少奇同志含冤去世,享年71岁,当时他的身边没有一个亲人,没有鲜花,遗体上更没有党旗。少奇同志的遗体就停放在西屋走廊上的一副担架。担架上就用白床单盖着,头上蓬乱的白发有一尺乡长,嘴和鼻子已经变形了,下颔有一片瘀血。

刘少奇的生日是十一月二十四日。还差十天,就是他的七十一岁诞辰。但他没有活到七十一岁生日

14日凌晨,专案组为了掩盖自己的罪行,用吉普车将少奇同志的遗体运往开封火葬场,由于刘少奇身高很高,吉普车放不下,一路上刘少奇的双脚就露在车外。为了阉人耳目,专案组把刘少奇当做烈性转染病人,在开封火葬场秘密火化,并冒充他儿子刘源填写了火葬申请单。在申请单上,死者职业一栏中竟然写着是无业,怏怏中华人民共和国的主席,为党和人民奋斗了一辈子,最后竟换来无业二字,这是历史的悲哀,是国人的不幸。大家可以想象,在哪个年代,连我们的国家主席都不能保全,更别说是一个普通人了。

就像刘少奇自己说了那样-----好在历史是人民写的。1978年中共十一届三中全会召开,“文化大革命”被彻底否定,为刘少奇平反昭雪的呼声开始高涨。1980年2月,刘少奇沉冤昭雪。这一天,举国下半旗致哀。国人停止了一切文艺活动。1980年5月,刘少奇的骨灰从郑州迎回北京。5月17日,刘少奇追悼大会在人民大会堂召开。在妻子和孩子的放声痛哭中,之后按照刘少奇的遗愿,刘少奇的骨灰被撒入祖国的海域。(花明楼景区景点讲解)

(下车后可告知厕所位置,进园前在景区导游图前告知游览线路,并告知集合时间地点)

刘少奇故里牌楼:

牌楼式封建社会表彰功勋,科第,德政,忠孝所建立的建筑。也有些宫观以牌坊作为山门,还有的是用来标明地名的。牌楼又叫牌坊。我们平常看的最多的可能就是贞洁牌坊,功德牌坊和忠义牌坊。古时家族中如果出现烈女,或立下大功之人都会见牌坊,将其功德昭示天下。那少奇同志一生为党,为国家,为人民。为新中国的成立和建设立下汗马功劳。

1998年,为纪念刘少奇同志诞生100周年之际特修建修建的此牌楼。整个牌楼颇具古江南建筑风格。门楣上的“刘少奇故里”五个大字是由全国书画家协会主席沈鹏先生写的。

刘少奇铜像广场:

最早是在1988年,少奇同志诞生90周年的时候修建的,当时只有不到1000平方米。现在的广场是在1998年少奇同志诞生100周年的时候,中央拨专项资金扩建的,占地8000多平方米。共有100级麻石台阶,中间有一条铺地龙直至铜像广场。刘少奇铜像:

1988年,为纪念少奇同志诞生90周年,由全国总工会捐建这尊铜像。之所以由全国总工会捐建,是因为少奇同志是我国早期工人运动的杰出领袖。对我国的工人运动作出了巨大贡献。领导了许多著名的工人运动,像著名的安源大罢工,五卅运动,省港大罢工。所以说少奇同志在我国工人心中的地位是非常高的。1927年4月,在武汉召开的中国共产党第五次全国代表大会上,少奇当选为中央委员,成为我党的领导人之一,这与他为我国早期工人运动作出的贡献是分不开的。

1988年.时任国家主席的杨尚昆同志亲自为铜像揭幕。整个铜像加底座高7.1米,有两层意义:第一,7月1号是党的生日,象征着刘少奇同志为党的事业奉献了毕生的精力。第二,象征着刘少奇享年71岁。少奇同志手持香烟,沉思远望,再现了少奇同志作为国家主席忧国忧民,日理万机的形象。,炭子冲: 少奇同志的故居所处的位置叫做炭子冲。为什么叫炭子冲呢?明清时期这一带山林茂密,当地农民在耕作之余经常上山伐木烧炭。由于称呼烧炭工为炭子。所以这里就被叫做炭子冲。

刘少奇故居讲解:

1898年11月24日,就在这寻常的小山冲里,诞生了一位在中国现代史上写下了非凡篇章的伟人刘少奇。大家看到的这一坐东朝西、土木结构的普通四合院始建于1871年,共有房屋21间半,其中瓦房16半、茅屋5间。经过一个多世经的风雨沧桑,可它依然基本保持着120多年前的原始风貌。

请大家抬头看,槽门上的门匾“刘少奇同志故居”是1982年冬邓小平同志亲笔题写。大家走进故居,可以看到这个院子里有“刘少奇同志旧居”的门匾,这块门匾是1959年故居开放时悬挂在槽门上的。在这块门匾的后面还有一个感人的故事,那是在文化大革命开始的时候,刘少奇同志受到了无情的打击,他的故居很快被封闭,这块门匾连同许多的陈列物均被打的打、砸的砸,有的便堆放在公社的杂屋里,也准备予以销毁。这时,公社的炊事员怀着对刘少奇同志的敬仰之情,冒着风险偷偷地把这块门匾从杂物中拣了出来。为了保护好门匾,炊事员灵机一动,把它翻过来作为切菜的案板使用,就这样,这块门匾经过五位炊事员的巧妙保护终于得以保存下来。1980年2月,主席家乡人又欢天喜地将这块门匾悬挂在故居的门楣上。

我们前面提到故居共有大小房屋21间半,那半间就是指这正堂屋,因为与一夏姓的邻居共用,故称半间。大家看到这里的摆设颇具江南特色,请看,门檐上有一本老黄历,请问大家这本老黄历是干什么的?这本老黄历是房屋修建安放的,一来记载时间,二来表示吉利。正是从这本历书上,我们才知道这房屋的确切时间是同治十年,即公元1871年。堂屋的正中供着一个神龛,内置列祖列宗的神牌和各种神佛的神位。旧时的江南农村,都有在节日盛典烧香的习俗,少奇同志的父母都是勤劳俭朴的农民,也不例外常常在神龛前默默祈祷,祈求人寿年丰,全家安康。可以想象,在少奇同志18岁即离乡远行、浪迹天涯的那些日子里,他的慈母曾经多少次在此烧香跪拜,为儿子的安危和事业而祷告。

大家往右走,我们便来到了少奇同志的二哥刘云庭的卧室。少奇同志共有兄妹六人,三位兄长,两位姐姐,少奇同志最小。二哥刘云庭曾参加过湖南新军,见多识广,思想进步,给青少年时代的少奇同志以极大的思想启蒙。1919年五四运动爆发时,家人得知少奇同志在长沙带头“闹事”参与**,便制造了一场包办婚姻把少奇骗入了洞房,想以此捆住少奇同志。少奇同志极力反对,新婚夜决定抗婚远征,二哥见他志向远大,便暗中资助他远走高飞,从此,少奇同志便义无反顾地投身到了伟大的无产阶级革命事业中,1949年二哥去世后,少奇同志亲撰挽词说:“你是我幼年时期学习和活动的第一个帮助者。”这是1938年,刘云庭送两个孩子去延安锻炼时与少奇同志的合影。

接下来我们参观的是刘少奇同志的卧室,他在这里度过了难忘的童年和青少年时代。1961年春夏之交,身为国家主席的少奇同志回乡调查时,省委和县委要为他安排条件较好的招待所,他都坚决拒绝了,他说:“我是回乡搞农村调查的,住在招待所的高楼大厦里与群众疏远了,住在自己家里,乡亲们来去自由,顶好。”整整七天六晚,少奇同志在临时搭起的床铺和儿时常抚的旧书桌旁,思考着国家大事。这个小屋就是和她订婚的女子住的,不到几年这个命苦的女人就在这间小屋中郁郁而死。

靠南角的这间房子是少奇同志的大哥刘墨钦的卧室。刘墨钦忠厚老实,是父亲死后家庭的主要支撑者。

接下来,我们便来到了少奇同志父母的卧室。照片上这位慈祥的妇女就是少奇同志的母亲鲁氏。江总书记参观时曾仔细地端详着画像说:“少奇同志很像他母亲哟。”鲁氏是一位善良贤惠、精明能于的家庭妇女,少奇同志的父亲刘寿生于1910年即46岁时去世后,母亲便承担起抚养6个子女的重担。少奇同志非常尊敬他的母亲。作为一位致力于救世济民的革命家,他很难尽到为人之子的孝道。1925年,少奇同志回长沙时,曾把母亲接去治病,并补做60大寿,还专门请人为母亲画了这张像。这像片陪伴着少奇同志南征北战,度完他整个非凡的人生。少奇同志母亲于1931年病逝,终年66岁。而此时少奇同志正在上海的白色恐怖中进行着艰苦卓绝的地下斗争。

这间横堂屋就是农家的客厅了。它的一面与天井相连,所以光线特别亮堂。1961年少奇同志回乡调查时,乡亲们纷纷来到这里座谈、聊天、侃家常。在少奇同志面前,乡亲们痛快淋漓地说出了许多心里话座谈会上,少奇同志取下蓝布帽、露出满头银发,恭敬恭敬地向大家鞠了一躬,诚恳地说:“我将近40年没有回家了,现在回来了,看到乡亲们生活很苦,我感到对不起大家。是我们的工作没做好„„”在基层干部座谈会上,他语重心长地说:“现在,人民受了这么多苦,要为他们分忧啊,不然,要我们共产党人干什么?”在这里,他深深地了解到当时农村生活极端困难的原因的确如乡亲们所说的是“三分天灾,七分人祸;”就在这里,他做出了解散食堂、顶住“五风”这一重大决策,也就在这里,少奇主席办理了一桩私事:他回乡时,当地政府就修缮故居和创办经念馆的事向他请示,他坚决予以拒绝;同时他看到公共食堂拆掉了一些民房,好几个村的村民无屋可住,他把这些村民召集在一起,说要把房子分给他们住,村民们摇头摆手决不接受。少奇主席恳切地说:“拜托大家,帮我守屋好不好?”主席诚心诚意,村民无法推辞,于是六户村民分别往进了刘少奇旧居。这就是为什么旧居在“文化大革命”中居然能基本完好地保存下来的原因。这样,也就找到了我们开头说到的那一个谜底。现在大家看到的这组照片就是1961年少奇同志回乡时的真实写照。

与横堂屋相联的是少奇同志的三哥刘作衡的卧室。刘作衡曾做过湖南政府的参议员。这一间是饭厅,1961年回乡时,少奇同志和王光美同志说:“你了不起哟,以前我家来了客人,母亲和小孩子都只能在厨房里吃呢,现在是妇女半边天了„„”

这间十分敞亮的房子是碓屋,这是贮存粮食的板仑,这里有春米的推子、碓子,还有风车。这是个斛桶,类似北方的斗,是一种量具,一桶30斤。青少年时期的少奇同志非常同情劳动人民的疾苦,他用这个斛桶量米邻居时,总是堆得高高的,遇到贫困的邻居买米时,他还偷偷地把钱埋在米里边。乡亲们这九伢子心肠太好了(少奇同志在叔伯兄弟中排行第九)。1961年,王光美随少奇同志回乡时,曾饶有兴趣地在这个斛桶旁留影。

这里有一间僻静的小屋,窗外是一个鸟语花香的小院子。青少年时代的少奇同志常在这里读书学习,由于他酷爱读书博闻强记,被当地一博学之士誉为“小书柜”,所以少奇同志就有了个“刘九书柜”的雅号。1917年,少奇同志考入湖南陆军讲武堂,决心投笔从戎,报效国家。寒暑假便在这里学习,在窗外的院子里练棒习武。

书房的两边是杂屋。刘家田土不少,农具十分齐备,称得旧一个古色古香的农具展览馆了。那是犁耙、水车,这些农具上也许还留有少奇同志的手纹吧。那边是猪栏,等会大家在门口还可以看到牛栏。

迂回曲折地转一圈后,我们又和碓屋隔井相望了。这中间隔着的是个小天井,小天井是用来采光和排水的。

少奇同志家里人口多,厨房也就很宽敞,锅灶俱全。这边还有一间专门放腌菜的杂屋,旧时没有冰箱,旺季的蔬菜经过盐浸处理就能保质到淡季时食用,而现在腌菜已成为特殊的风味小吃了。隔壁还有个小小的烤火屋。这个叫梭筒钩,别的地方见不到的稀罕物,它利用杠杆原理,下端可以挂水壶、饭碗等,根据火力的大小还可以上下调整。参观者对此大都格外好奇。江总书记曾亲自试了一试,还称赞它是劳动人民智慧的结晶呢。大家往上看,梭筒钩上方横着一根竹竿,农家通常用它悬挂鱼肉,下面的火气一薰,鱼肉黄灿灿、香喷喷的。这边有菜罐、酒罐,刘家人很好客,一壶米酒、一杯好菜,把客人招待得舒舒畅畅的,现在我们宁乡的农家也都还有这个习俗。嗨,这里还有一个草鞋马,茶余饭后,可以围在火炉边编草鞋,当时的草鞋用途还蛮大的呢。少奇同志就成长在这样一个勤劳、俭朴而又较为殷实的普通农家里。

A、接待欧美团队的欧美国家的客人一般都会付给小费,不过由于没有具体的规定,所以这种小费的数量不等,可能很高,也可能根本不给(因为部分客人对旅游费用中所谓的导游服务费理解为已付小费)。至于佣金这部分,欧美团队很多都要求不安排购物,即使同意安排,以他们的兴趣爱好并不喜欢购物商家出售的商品。B、接待日韩团队的日本和韩国团队在前几年是非常受导游欢迎的客人,可以获取不错的收入。不过在中国政府同日本和韩国签定旅游双边协定以后,其中规定,两国之间的公民在到对方国家旅游的时候可以不付小费。因此,经常都发生客人不付小费的情况,不过就其购买能力来说,综合看来还算中等。而且这两种语言成都比较缺,所以旅行社都付给导游出团补贴。C、接待台湾新加坡马来西亚团队的这几个地方深受中国文化影响,多数客人都是华裔,因此交流上比较容易,而且行程上都规定了小费(三个地方的小费不同,总的说来,马来团最高,台湾团最低),而且客人经常会因为导游服务优质,所以另付额外小费。不过购物嘛就不怎么了,前两年,马来、新加坡团还不错,这两年一年不如一年,台湾团更是早就不行了。并且都需给旅行社交纳不等的人头费,从10元到50元都有。疯狂的石头(649168873)23:21:45 D、广东团队算国内中消费能力不错的,不过近两年直线下滑,加上高额的人头费,和挑剔的客人,让很多导游非常反感。无小费,不过部分客人会给。E、华东地区团队总体来说各方面都不错,不过客人维权意识很强,对服务挑剔,老年团尤其明显。消费能力总体一般。无小费,不过部分客人会给。F、东北团队(包括山东)购买能力虽然不是特别出色,但是一般每店不空,适合中稳式的操作,加上客人性格直爽,容易相处,是很多导游喜欢的客人。无小费。G、西北团队购买能力差,无小费,客人少出游,经常闹笑话。H、西南团队一般来说购买能力差,不过经常有部分客人消费能力相当好。无小费。客人容易闹笑话。疯狂的石头(649168873)23:22:40 没事多多学习加油!

张家界市区以前不叫张家界,叫大庸,是古庸国所在地。史书记载:“庸,国名。《左传》文公十六年(公元前611年),楚灭庸。”故有“大庸,古庸国是也”的说法。早在原始社会晚期,先民就已开始在澧水两岸繁衍生息。到了尧舜时代,“舜放欢兜于崇山,以变南蛮”,于是中国历史上便有了“南蛮”一说。那座与天门山并肩而立的大山,就是崇山。秦朝建立后,秦始皇把天下划成三十六郡,大庸划归黔中郡,黔中郡郡治在今沅陵县;后来,汉高祖刘邦又把大庸划给了武陵郡(今常德市),改充县;三国吴永安六年(263年),嵩梁山--就是现在的天门山,发生了一场大山崩,崩掉了半边山,也崩出了一个世界奇观--一个巨大的穿山门洞。吴王孙休认为是吉祥之兆,下旨将嵩梁山改名为天门山,并特地把武陵郡分出一部置天门郡,分管四个县,以提升天门山的政治地位。在以后长达一千七百二十余年的历史长河中,大庸几度兴废,先后历经了三十余次建置改制。上世纪八十年代初,由于在大庸县北部大山中,发现了一片奇特罕见的砂岩峰林自然奇观,世界为之轰动。于是就有了政府的一系列大动作:

1982年9月,建立中国第一个国家森林公园,填补了中国没有国家公园的空白; 1985年2月,原中共中央总书记胡耀邦为武陵源题字; 1985年5月,国务院批准撤大庸县建大庸市(县级);

1988年5月,国务院批准将大庸市升为地级市,辖永定区、武陵源区、慈利县和桑植县; 1988年8月,武陵源被列入国家第二批40处重点风景名胜区之内; 1992年12月24日,武陵源被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》; 1994年4月,国务院批准将大庸市更名为张家界市;

1995年3月,国家主席江泽民亲临视察,并为张家界未来的发展定位:“把张家界建设成为国内外知名的旅游胜地”

第四篇:韶山导游词

韶山导游词

好了,现在请大家注意一下,我们马上就要进入韶山了。大家看,前面有一幅对联,左联:为有牺牲多壮志,右联:敢叫日月换新天。大家都知道中国有四大火炉:长沙、南京、武汉、重庆。那么除了四大火炉外,最热的地方是哪儿呢?对,韶山!因为韶山是红太阳升起的地方嘛。

韶山旅游区位于湘潭市、韶山市。1994年被国务院确定为国家级风景名胜区。总面积214平方公里,人口9.8万,姓毛的人家占70%。韶山的整个地势是由西北向东南逐渐倾斜的,东部为丘陵和较为开阔的地带,西部山峰环绕,由于长年的封山育林,峰峦一片葱郁。韶山最高峰韶峰是南岳衡山的第71峰,第72峰是岳麓峰。韶山是一块风水宝地,关于它的传说都是美丽的。传说当年舜帝南巡,来到了湖南,来到了韶山,见此风景宜人,心情十分愉快。便令随从奏起了韶乐(当时的一种宫庭音乐),这一奏,忽然一瞬间,只见百鸟欢跃,附近的飞禽走兽都闻声而起,欢歌起舞。由于附近全是山林地带,后来人们便根据舜帝用韶乐引来百鸟的故事,这地方叫做韶山。韶山的韶拆开就是音召,正是取这个意思啦。以韶字命名的还有韶山冲、韶峰、韶河等。韶山的传说很多,除此之外,还有关乾隆的。据说,清朝乾隆曾断言,他说韶山是块风水宝地,500年内必出真命天子,此人的姓必是“反手掌乾坤”。果然不出所料,1893,诞生了我们的一代伟人毛泽东,同时也正巧验证了乾隆的话。大家可以试着写一下,把手掌的“手”字最后一笔反过来是什么字,反手掌乾坤就是毛字。

毛主席的母亲文氏是湘乡人,文氏在家中排行老七,别人都叫她文七妹。因为文氏家的祖坟在韶山,为了清明节上坟的时候有个落脚的地方,文氏的父亲就将文七妹嫁到韶山,嫁给了毛主席的父亲毛顺生。文氏比毛顺生大三岁,俗话说:“女大三,抱金砖”,在当地毛顺生家里条件还算是可以的。在文氏生下毛泽东的前一天晚上,毛顺生做了一个奇怪的梦,梦见一条飞龙翘首东望,迟迟不肯离去。在1893年12月26日一个漆黑的夜晚,电闪雷鸣,狂风大作,一代伟人诞生了。毛泽东从小接到外婆家,在外婆家的山后有一块非常像人形的巨石,人们称为石观音,他外婆便把他带到石观音面前,拜为干娘,以保佑他茁壮成长,石儿伢子由此而来了。

好了,待会儿,我们要参观的一个景点,就是毛主席铜像广场。毛主席铜像高10.1米,重3.7吨。10.1米意味着10月1号,中华人民共和国成立的日子。所以毛主席铜像是取自于开国大典上的一个形象,主席手执发言稿、身穿中山装、面带微笑。韶山冲的冲意就是山谷中的一块平地,那么毛主席铜像广场就处于韶山冲这块平地的中心部位。毛主席铜像由南京晨光制造厂制造,由我国为著名雕刻家刘开梁和程允贤先生雕刻,历时120天。毛主席铜像于1993年12月6日从南京启运,一路经江苏、安徽、湖北、江西进入湖南。当运载毛主席铜像的汽车队开到江西井岗山的时候,突然汽车熄火了。司机们反复检修也没查出什么问题。这时一位70多岁的老表说:“井岗山是毛主席最早走出深山,拿起枪杆子闹革命的地方,他老人家想在这儿住一晚看一看。”到了第二天,车子没有经过任何检修,奇迹般地可以开动了。在江西与湖南交界处的一个“人”字型山坡上,天正下着瓢泼大雨,进井岗山的路很滑,一百多辆车子都受到了不同程度的损伤,有的根本走不动,只有运载铜像的车子很顺利,安然无恙地开过了井岗山。当有记者问起司机时,司机说:“我想是得到毛主席的保佑了。”所以现在很多的司机都有在车子前面挂一个毛主席小像章,以求一路平安。

第五篇:韶山英文导游词

湖南-韶山英文导游词

更新日期:2009-7-22 16:30:07 点击: 3355 次

[字体:增大 缩小]

Good morning, Ladies and Gentlemen!

Today, we will go and visit Shaoshan, the hometown of Chairman Mao.Shaoshan is a small mountain village about 100km southwest of Changsha, the capital of Hunan province, with some fairly beautiful scenery and a once typically Hunan village atmosphere, Shaoshan has been irreparably changed by history.On the 26th December 1893, a baby was born in a little house in this village, to a relatively wealthy peasant couple.The child was to grow up to become China's Great Helmsman, Chairman Mao Zedong, and it was in this region that he spent his childhood and youth, attending school and helping his father with his work.As the hometown of the great man of the generation, now Shaoshan is one of the important tourist zones in Hunan province.The major tourist sites including the Former residence of Chairman Mao, Memorial Hall of Mao Zedong, Water-dripping Cave and Steles Forest of Mao's Poems,and so on.The former residence of Chairman Mao is the most interesting site.Entered through a courtyard, the house is of a sunny yellow, mud brick walls, with a nicely thatched roof, and is found on a wooded hillside, above some lush paddy fields.There are 13 and one half rooms in the Former residence, which include one and half central room, a kitchen, a dining room, three family bedrooms and a guest room.Within the rooms are various personal effects of Mao and his parents, as well as photos from Mao's life.This is the central room, used by two families: Mao's family and their neighbor.So we said that there is only one half of the central room belongs to Mao's family.And this is there kitchen, where Chairman Mao often helped his mother doing some housework in his childhood.Go through the kitchen was Chairman Mao's parent's bedroom, there are two photos of Chairman Mao's parents on the inner wall, and it was in this room where Chairman Mao was born.The Dripping Water Cave, about 3 km northwest of the village, is a very popular destination, possibly because of the fact that Mao allegedly spent 11 days here in the early days of the Cultural Revolution Years(1966-76), contemplating the unknown.湖南韶山-毛泽东故居英文导游词

更新日期:2009-7-22 16:37:02 点击: 1299 次

[字体:增大 缩小] Shaoshan(Hometown of Mao)

Shaoshan,a mountain village about 100km southwest of Changsha,with some fairly beautiful scenery and a once typically Hunan village atmosphere,has been irreparably changed by history.On the 26th December 1893,a baby was born in a little house in this village,to a relatively wealthy peasant couple.The child was to grow up to become China’s Great Helmsman,Chairman Mao Zedong,and it was in this region that he spent his childhood and youth,attending school and helping his father with his work.The tourist attractions in the village are highly propagandorial,but then this is all part and parcel of the Mao image.Loudspeakers will great you on arrival with revolutionary songs and speeches,the village is guarded by sleepily bored soldiers and the history is only partially represented at best.The revolutionary tourist attractions include the Former Residence of Mao Zedong(Mao zedong guju),the Ancestral Temple of the Mao Family,now Comrade Mao’s Museum(Mao zedong tongzhi jinianguan),Stone Steles covered with Mao’s poems,and a Revolutionary Martyr’s Cemetery.The former residence is the most interesting.Entered through a courtyard,the house is of a sunny yellow,mud brick walls,with a nicely thatched roof,and is found on a wooded hillside,above some lush paddy fields.You can visit all of the 13 rooms inside,that include a kitchen,a dining room,three family bedrooms,a guest room and an ancestral hall.Within the rooms are various personal effects of Mao and his parents,as well as photos from Mao’s life.If the propaganda gets too much,the area around the village is of the beautifully simple Hunan countryside,with small peasant houses scattered about the stepped paddyfields and bamboo groves.The Dripping Water Cave(Dishui dong),about 3km northwest of the village,is a very popular destination,possibly because of the fact that Mao allegedly spent 11 days here in the early days of the Cultural Revolution Years(1966-76),contemplating the unknown.Even nicer however,is the ascent to Shao Hill Peak(Shaoshan feng),the conical hill just to the northwest of the village.From the summit(reached on foot [1-2hrs.] or by cable car [RMB20]),you will have some good views over the village and Hunanese countryside.Mao Zedong(help·info)(December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976;Mao Tse-tung in Wade-Giles)was the chairman of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China from 1943 and the chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from 1945 until his death in 1976.Under his leadership, the Chinese Communist Party(CCP)became the ruling party of Mainland China after victory over Chinese Nationalists, the Kuomintang, in the Chinese Civil War.On October 1, 1949, Mao declared the formation of the People's Republic of China at Tiananmen Square.From the 1950s until his death, Mao initiated various economic and political

campaigns, such as the Anti-Rightist Campaign, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, which resulted in the deaths of tens of millions of people.His knowledge of these deaths is disputed.Introduction

Mao created a mostly unified China free of foreign domination for the first time since the Opium Wars.With Zhu De, Mao co-founded the People's Liberation Army as the Red Army on August 1, 1927 after Chiang Kai-Shek began leading a series of purges against the communists.After gaining power, Mao initiated a transformation of the economic and social system through a process of collectivisation culminating in The Great Leap Forward of 1958-62, which has subsequently been recognised as an economic disaster for China.The changes in social and agricultural policies which he ordered during this period, known in China as Three Years of Natural Disasters, caused the massive famine of 1959–1961.Mao created a totalitarian one-party-state, contributed to the Sino-Soviet Split, and initiated the Cultural Revolution, which purged, tortured, and publicly humiliated millions.These millions included many of those fellow Communists who had forced Mao to end the policies that contributed to the famine of 1959–1961.During the Cultural Revolution, Mao encouraged the wholesale destruction of a large part of China's cultural heritage.Mao Zedong is sometimes referred to as Chairman Mao in the West and in China simply as the Chairman.At the height of his personality cult, Mao was commonly known in China as the “Four Greats”: “Great Teacher, Great Leader, Great Supreme Commander, Great Helmsman”.Mao was an avid reader, particularly of Chinese history and it has been argued that his skill at outmaneuvering his political opponents as well as his belief in the overriding importance of unifying and revolutionizing China, regardless of the sacrifices imposed on his people, owed much to his understanding of Chinese imperial history.His political writings were influential in the development of Marxist thought and he also wrote poetry which retains some popularity in China.Chairman Mao

Mao Zedong(December 26, 1893 – September 9, 1976)(also Mao Tse-Tung in Wade-Giles transliteration)was a Chinese Marxist theorist, soldier, poet, and statesman who led China's communist revolution after decades of foreign occupation and civil war in the 20th century.Following the Communist Party of China’s military victory over the Kuomintang in the Chinese Civil War, Mao announced the establishment of the People’s Republic of China on October 1, 1949, in the culturally-significant Tiananmen Square in Beijing.Mao pursued the ideal of strong and prosperous China, endeavoring to build a modern, industrialized nation.However, the disastrous results of Mao's most significant socio-political programs—including the Anti-Rightist Campaign, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution—crippled China's development, leading to economic hardship, social turmoil and widespread starvation.This led to the deaths of tens of millions of Chinese people.Until his death, Mao maintained control of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China through both political acumen and a cult of personality, the latter resulting in such sobriquets as Grand Helmsman and Saviour of China.Early Life The eldest child of a moderate family, Mao Zedong was born on December 26, 1893, in a village called Shaoshan in Xiangtan county(湘潭縣), Hunan province, and thus spoke Xiang rather than Mandarin.His ancestors had migrated from Jiangxi province during the Ming Dynasty, married indigenous women, and had settled there as farmers for generations.During the 1911 Revolution, Mao served for months in a local regiment in Hunan.However, having felt unaccustomed to a life of military service, he returned to school in Changsha, where he realized the importance of both health and knowledge.Having graduated from the First Provincial Normal School of Hunan in 1918, Mao traveled with Professor Yang Changji, his high school teacher, also his future father-in-law, to Beijing during the May Fourth Movement in 1919.Professor Yang held a faculty position at National Peking University.Because of Yang's recommendation, Mao worked as an assistant librarian at the University with Li Dazhao as curator of the library.At the same time, Mao registered as a part-time student at Beijing University and audited many lectures and seminars by some famous intellectuals, such as Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, and Qian Xuantong, etc.Over his stay in Beijing, he read as much as possible, which introduced him for the first time to Communist theories.In the meantime, he married Yang Kaihui, Professor Yang Changji's daughter and also his fellow student, despite an existing marriage arranged by his father at home.Mao had never acknowledged this marriage.Later, Mao turned down an opportunity to study in France because of poverty.Later he claimed that it was because he firmly believed that China's problems could be studied and resolved only within China.As distinct from his contemporaries, Mao

went the opposite direction, studying the peasant majority of China's population where he began his life as a professional revolutionist.On July 23, 1921, Mao, at the age of 27, attended the first session of the National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Shanghai.Two years later, he was elected one of the five commissars of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China during the third session of the Congress.Mao stayed for a while in Shanghai, an important city that the CPC emphasised for the Revolution.But after the Party had encountered major difficulties in organizing labor union movements, and relations with its nationalist ally, the Kuomintang had become poor, Mao was disillusioned at the revolution there and moved back to his home village of Shaoshan.During his stay at home, Mao rekindled his interest in the revolution, having been informed of the 1925 uprisings in Shanghai and Guangzhou.He then went to Guangdong, the base of the Kuomintang, as a return of his political ambitions.During his stay there, Mao took part in the preparations for the second session of the National Congress of Kuomintang.In early 1927, Mao returned to Hunan where, in an urgent meeting held by the Communist Party of China, he made a report based upon his investigations and study of the recent peasant uprisings in the wake of the Northern Expedition.This report is considered the initial and decisive step toward the successful application of Mao's revolutionary theories in China.Political Ideas It was in Beijing, before he was married to Yang Kaihui, that Mao was introduced to Marxism.“There were three books that left great impressions on my mind”, Mao recollected, “They helped build up my solid faith in Marxism”.Among the three important books was Manifesto of the Communist Party.Nevertheless, it was a gradual process for Mao to become a Marxist.During 1920 in Hunan, Mao contributed several essays to the newspapers advocating the autonomy of Hunan Province as he firmly believed that the provincial autonomy was a prelude to the success of local prosperity, which, in turn, would add to the existence of a stronger and more prosperous China in the world.In 1920, Mao had developed his theory of violent revolution, which he adopted from the experience of the Russian revolutions, and which could probably be attributed to his early reading experience of Outlaws of the Marsh, one of the four masterpieces of Chinese ancient literature.Mao's theory of violent revolution seeks to subvert the alliance of imperialism and feudalism in China.As a rather strategic communist, Mao had not ignored those Chinese nationalists, who he thought to be both economically

and politically vulnerable.Mao concluded that the violent revolution he favored could by no means be steered by the nationalists.And that such violent revolution should be conducted by the proletariat with the help from the Chinese nationalists, and certainly under the supervision of a communist party.In the 1920s, Mao helped to conduct many labor struggles based upon his study, propagation, and organization of the contemporary labor movements.However, these struggles were subdued by the government.And Mao fled Changsha after he was labeled radical activist there.Later, Mao recollected the failures over which he pondered seriously and carefully.Mao finally realized that Chinese labor workers were not able to lead the revolution because they made up just a relatively small portion of China's population, and that unarmed labor struggles could not resolve the problems.Mao began to depend on Chinese peasants who later became staunch supporters of his theory of violent revolution, which eventually distinguished Mao from all his predecessors and contemporaries.Mao himself was from a peasant family and with his natural relationship with the farmers and peasants at home, he developed his reputation among them.And most importantly, he introduced them to marxism, certainly with his own adjustments and modifications.War and Revolution In 1927 Mao conducted the famous Autumn Harvest Uprising in Changsha, Hunan, as commander-in-chief.The army led by Mao, entitled Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants, was defeated and scattered after some fierce battles.Afterwards the exhausted troops were forced to leave Hunan for Sanwan, Jiangxi, where Mao re-organized the scattered soldiers, rearranging them from a military division into a smaller regiment.And Mao ordered that each company must have a party branch office with a commissar as its leader who would give political instructions based upon superior mandates.This military rearrangement in Sanwan, Jiangxi initiated the CPC's absolute control over its military force and has been considered to have the most fundamental and profound impact upon the Chinese revolution.Later on, they moved to Jinggang Mountains, Jiangxi.On the Jinggang mountains, Mao persuaded two local

insurgent leaders who pledged their allegiance to him.And there Mao rejoined his army with that of Zhu De.Thus he created the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of China, Red Army in short.(the Fourth Front of Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of China).From 1931 to 1934, Mao helped establish the Soviet Republic of China and was elected Chairman of this small republic among the mountainous areas in Jiangxi.Here, Mao was married to He Zizhen.His wife Yang Kaihui, who

sacrificed for the revolution, had been arrested and executed in 1930, just three years after their departure.In Jiangxi, Mao's authoritative domination, especially that of the military force was challenged by the Jiangxi branch of the CPC and military officers.Mao's opponents, among whom the most prominent was Li Wenlin, the founder of the CPC's branch and Red Army in Jiangxi, were against Mao's land policies and proposals to reform the local party branch and army leadership.Mao reacted first by accusing the opponents of opportunism and kulakism and then set off a series of systematic suppressions of them.Later the suppressions were turned into bloody physical elimination.The estimated number of the victims amounted to several thousands.Through the so-called revolutionary terrorism, or red terrorism, Mao's authority and domination in Jiangxi was secured and reassured.However, this had left unforgettable scars on Mao's mind.Mao, with the help of Zhu De, built a modest but effective army, undertook experiments in rural reform and government, and provided refuge for Communists fleeing the rightist purges in the cities.Mao's methods are normally referred to as Guerrilla warfare;but he himself made a distinction between guerrilla warfare(youji zhan)and Mobile Warfare(yundong zhan).Mao's Guerrilla Warfare and Mobile Warfare was based upon the fact of the poor armament and military training of the red army which consisted mainly of impoverished peasants, who, however, were all encouraged by revolutionary passions and aspiring after a communist utopia.Around 1930, there had been more than ten regions, usually entitled “soviet areas”, under control of the CPC.And the number of Red Army soldiers ran to no less than a hundred thousand.The prosperity of “soviet areas” startled and worried Chiang Kai-shek, chairman of the Kuomintang government, who waged five waves of besieging campaigns against the “central soviet area”.More than one million Kuomintang soldiers were involved in these five campaigns, four out of which were defeated by the red army led by Mao.Under increasing pressures from the KMT encirclement campaigns, there was a struggle for power within the Communist leadership.Mao was removed from his important positions and replaced by individuals(including Zhou Enlai)who appeared loyal to the orthodox line advocated by Moscow and represented within the CPC by a group known as the 28 Bolsheviks.Chiang Kai-shek, who had earlier assumed nominal control of China due in part to the Northern Expedition, was determined to eliminate the Communists.By October 1934, he had them surrounded, prompting them to engage in the “Long March,” a retreat from Jiangxi in the southeast to Shaanxi in the northwest of China.It was during this

9,600 kilometer(5,965 mile), year-long journey that Mao emerged as the top Communist leader, aided by the Zunyi Conference and the defection of Zhou Enlai to Mao's side.At this Conference, Mao entered the Standing Committee of the Politburo of the Communist Party of China.From his base in Yan'an, Mao led the Communist resistance against the Japanese in the Second Sino-Japanese War(1937-1945).Mao further consolidated power over the Communist Party in 1942 by launching the Cheng Feng, or “Rectification” campaign against rival CPC members such as Wang Ming, Wang Shiwei, and Ding Ling.Also while in Yan'an, Mao divorced He Zizhen and married the actress Lan Ping, who would become known as Jiang Qing.During the Sino-Japanese War, Mao Zedong's strategies were opposed by both Chiang Kai-shek and the United States.The US regarded Chiang as an important ally, able to help shorten the war by engaging the Japanese occupiers in China.Chiang, in contrast, sought to build the ROC army for the certain conflict with Mao's communist forces after the end of World War II.This fact was not understood well in the US, and precious lend-lease armaments continued to be allocated to the Kuomintang.In turn, Mao spent part of the war(as to whether it was most or only a little is disputed)fighting the Kuomintang for control of certain parts of China.Both the Communists and Nationalists have been criticised for fighting amongst themselves rather than allying against the Japanese Imperial Army.In 1944, the Americans sent a special diplomatic envoy, called the Dixie Mission, to the Communist Party of China.According to Edwin Moise, in Modern China: A History 2nd Edition:

Most of the Americans were favourably impressed.The CPC seemed less corrupt, more unified, and more vigorous in its resistance to Japan than the Guomindang.United States fliers shot down over North China...confirmed to their superiors that the CPC was both strong and popular over a broad area.In the end, the contacts with the USA developed with the CPC led to very little.Then again, modern commentators have refuted such claims.Amongst others, Willy Lam stated that during the war with Japan:

The great majority of casualties sustained by Chinese soldiers were borne by KMT, not Communist divisions.Mao and other guerrilla leaders decided at the time to conserve their strength for the “larger struggle” of taking over all of China once the Japanese Imperial Army was decimated by the U.S.-led Allied Forces.After the end of World War II, the US continued to support Chiang Kai-shek, now

openly against the Communist Red Army(led by Mao Zedong)in the civil war for control of China.The US support was part of its view to contain and defeat “world communism.” Likewise, the Soviet Union gave quasi-covert support to Mao(acting as a concerned neighbor more than a military ally, to avoid open conflict with the US)and gave large supplies of arms to the Communist Party of China, although newer Chinese records indicate the Soviet “supplies” were not as large as previously believed, and consistently fell short of the promised amount of aid.On January 21 1949, Kuomintang forces suffered massive losses against Mao's Red Army.In the early morning of December 10 1949, Red Army troops laid siege to Chengdu, the last KMT-occupied city in mainland China, and Chiang Kai-shek evacuated from the mainland to Taiwan(Formosa)that same day.Leadership of China The People's Republic of China was established on October 1, 1949.It was the culmination of over two decades of civil and international war.From 1954 to 1959, Mao was the Chairman of the PRC.During this period, Mao was called Chairman Mao(毛主席)or the Great Leader Chairman Mao(伟大领袖毛主席).The Communist Party assumed control of all media in the country and used it to promote the image of Mao and the Party.The Nationalists under General Chiang Kai-Shek were vilified as were countries such as the United States of America and Japan.The Chinese people were exhorted to devote themselves to build and strengthen their country.In his speech declaring the foundation of the PRC, Mao announced: “The Chinese people have stood up!”

Almost every Chinese had a book called the Quotations From Chairman Mao Tse-Tung(《毛主席语录》),which was regarded as a source of infallible truth in discussions or arguments at schools or the workplace.He took up residence in Zhongnanhai, a compound next to the Forbidden City in Beijing, and there he ordered the construction of an indoor swimming pool and other buildings.Mao often did his work either in bed or by the side of the pool, preferring not to wear formal clothes unless absolutely necessary, according to Dr.Li Zhisui, his personal physician.(Li's book, The Private Life of Chairman Mao, is regarded as controversial especially by those sympathetic to Mao.)

Following the consolidation of power, Mao launched a phase of rapid collectivization, lasting until around 1958.The CPC introduced price controls as well as a Chinese character simplification aimed at increasing literacy.Land was taken from landlords and more wealthy peasants and given to poorer peasants.Large scale industrialization projects were also undertaken.Programs pursued during this time include the Hundred Flowers Campaign, in which Mao indicated his supposed willingness to consider different opinions about how

China should be governed.Given the freedom to express themselves, liberal and intellectual Chinese began opposing the Communist Party and questioning its leadership.This was initially tolerated and even encouraged.However, after a few months, Mao's government reversed its policy and persecuted those, totalling perhaps 500,000, who criticized, and were merely alleged to have criticized, the Party in what is called the Anti-Rightist Movement.Authors such as Jung Chang have alleged that the Hundred Flowers Campaign was merely a ruse to root out “dangerous” thinking.Others such as Dr Li Zhisui have suggested that Mao had initially seen the policy as a way of weakening those within his party who opposed him, but was surprised by the extent of criticism and the fact that it began to be directed at his own leadership.It was only then that he used it as a method of identifying and subsequently persecuting those critical of his regime.The Hundred Flowers movement led to the condemnation, silencing, and death of many intellectuals, also linked to Mao's Anti-Rightist Movement, with death tolls possibly in the millions.Great Leap Forward In January 1958, Mao launched the second Five Year Plan known as the Great Leap Forward, a plan intended as an alternative model for economic growth to the Soviet model focusing on heavy industry that was advocated by others in the party.Under this economic program, the relatively small agricultural collectives which had been formed to date were rapidly merged into far larger people's communes, and many of the peasants ordered to work on massive infrastructure projects and the small-scale production of iron and steel.All private food production was banned;livestock and farm implements were brought under collective ownership.Under the Great Leap Forward, Mao and other party leaders ordered the implementation of a variety of unproven and unscientific new agricultural techniques by the new communes.Combined with the diversion of labour to steel production and infrastructure projects and the reduced personal incentives under a commune system this led to an approximately 15% drop in grain production in 1959 followed by further 10% reduction in 1960 and no recovery in 1961.In an effort to win favour with their superiors and avoid being purged, each layer in the party hierarchy exaggerated the amount of grain produced under them and based on the fabricated success, party cadres were ordered to requisition a disproportionately high amount of the true harvest for state use primarily in the cities and urban areas but also for export.The net result, which was compounded in some areas by drought and in others by floods, was that the rural peasants were not left enough to eat and many millions starved to death in what is thought to be the largest famine in human history.This famine was a direct cause of the death of tens of millions of Chinese peasants between 1959 and 1962.Further, many children who became emaciated and malnourished during years of hardship and struggle for surivival, died shortly after the Great Leap Forward came to an end in 1962(Spence, 553).The extent of Mao's knowledge as to the severity of the

situation has been disputed.According to some, most notably Dr.Li Zhisui, Mao was not aware of anything more than a mild food and general supply shortage until late 1959.“But I do not think that when he spoke on July 2, 1959, he knew how bad the disaster had become, and he believed the party was doing everything it could to manage the situation”

Jung Chang and Jon Halliday, in Mao: the Unknown Story, provide ample documentary evidence that Mao knew of the vast suffering and that he was dismissive of it, blaming bad weather or other officials for the famine.“Although slaughter was not his purpose with the Leap, he [Mao] was more than ready for myriad deaths to result, and hinted to his top echelon that they should not be too shocked if they happened(438-439).-Whatever the case, the Great Leap Forward led to millions of deaths in China.Mao lost esteem among many of the top party cadres and was eventually forced to abandon the policy in 1962, also losing some political power to moderate leaders.However, he was able to use his propaganda base to mitigate the damage caused by the failure of the programme, implying that he was only partly to blame.As a result, he was able to remain Secretary of the Communist Party.The Great Leap Forward was a disaster for China.Although the steel quotas were officially reached, almost all of it made in the countryside was useless lumps of iron, as it had been made from assorted scrap metal in home made furnaces with no reliable source of fuel such as coal.According to Zhang Rongmei, a geometry teacher in rural Shanghai during the Great Leap Forward:

We took all the furniture, pots, and pans we had in our house, and all our neighbors did likewise.We put all everything in a big fire and melted down all the metal.Moreover, most of the dams, canals and other infrastructure projects, which millions of peasants and prisoners had been forced to toil on and in many cases die for, proved useless as they had been built without the input of trained engineers, whom Mao had rejected on ideological grounds.In the Party Congress at Lushan in July/August 1959, several leaders expressed concern that the Great Leap Forward was not as successful as planned.The most direct of these was Minister of Defence Peng Dehuai.Mao orchestrated a denouncement of Peng and his supporters, stifling criticism of the Great Leap policies.There is a great deal of controversy over the number of deaths by starvation during the Great Leap Forward.Until the mid 1980s, when official census figures were

finally published by the Chinese Government, little was known about the scale of the disaster in the Chinese countryside, as the handful of Western observers allowed access during this time had been restricted to model villages where they were deceived into believing that Great Leap Forward had been a great success.There was also an assumption that the flow of individual reports of starvation that had been reaching the West, primarily through Hong Kong and Taiwan, must be localised or exaggerated as China was continuing to claim record harvests and was a net exporter of grain through the period.Censuses were carried out in China in 1953, 1964 and 1982.The first attempt to analyse this data in order to estimate the number of famine deaths was carried out by American demographer Dr Judith Banister and published in 1984.Given the lengthy gaps between the censuses and doubts over the reliability of the data, an accurate figure is difficult to ascertain.Nevertheless, Banister concluded that the official data implied that around 15 million excess deaths incurred in China during 1958-61 and that based on her modelling of Chinese demographics during the period and taking account of assumed underreporting during the famine years, the figure was around 30 million.Various other sources have put the figure between 20 and 43 million.On the international front, the period was dominated by the further isolation of China, due to start of the Sino-Soviet split which resulted in Khrushchev withdrawing all Soviet technical experts and aid from the country.The split was triggered by border disputes, and arguments over the control and direction of world communism, and other disputes pertaining to foreign policy.Most of the problems regarding communist unity resulted from the death of Stalin and his replacement by Khrushchev.Stalin had established himself as the successor of ”correct“ Marxist thought well before Mao controlled the Communist Party of China, and therefore Mao never challenged the suitability of any Stalinist doctrine(at least while Stalin was alive).Upon the death of Stalin, Mao believed(perhaps because of seniority)that the leadership of the ”correct“ Marxist doctrine would fall to him.The resulting tension between Khrushchev(at the head of a politically/militarily superior government), and Mao(believing he had a superior understanding of Marxist ideology)eroded the previous patron-client relationship between the USSR and CPC.Partly-surrounded by hostile American military bases(reaching from South Korea, Japan, Okinawa, and Taiwan), China was now confronted with a new Soviet threat from the north and west.Both the internal crisis and the external threat called for extraordinary statesmanship from Mao, but as China entered the new decade the statesmen of the People's Republic were in hostile confrontation with each other.The Great Leap policies were effectively given up following a Politburo meeting in January 1961 and Mao took a more backseat role whilst more moderate leaders such as Liu Shaoqi, who had become State President in 1959 and Deng Xiaoping rescued the economy by disbanding the people's communes, introducing elements of private control of peasant smallholdings and importing grain from Canada and Australia to

mitigate the worst effects of famine.Cultural Revolution

Following these events, other members of the Communist Party, including Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, decided that Mao should be removed from actual power and only remain in a largely ceremonial and symbolic role.They attempted to marginalize Mao, and by 1959, Liu Shaoqi became State President, but Mao remained Chairman.Liu and others began to look at the situation much more realistically, somewhat abandoning the idealism Mao wished for.Facing the prospect of losing his place on the political stage, Mao responded to Liu and Deng's movements by launching the Cultural Revolution in 1966.According to Jung Chang and Jon Halliday, in Mao: the Unknown Story, Mao was bitter that his Great Leap Forward programme had been stopped by Liu and other party leaders, and he was determined to exact revenge.The Cultural Revolution allowed Mao to circumvent the Communist hierarchy by giving power directly to the Red Guards, groups of young people, often teenagers, who set up their own tribunals.The Revolution led to the destruction of much of China's cultural heritage and the imprisonment of a huge number of Chinese intellectuals, as well as creating general economic and social chaos in the country.Millions of lives were ruined during this period, which is depicted by such Chinese films as To Live and Farewell My Concubine.It was during this period that Mao chose Lin Biao to become his successor.Mao and Lin Biao formed an alliance leading up to the Cultural Revolution in order for the purges to succeed.Mao need Lin's clout for his plan to work.In return, Lin was made Mao's successor.Somewhat later, it is unclear whether Lin was planning a military coup or an assassination attempt;he died trying to flee China, probably anticipating his arrest, in a suspicious plane crash over Mongolia.It was declared that Lin was planning to depose Mao, and he was posthumously expelled from the CPC.At this time, Mao lost trust in many of the top CPC figures.In 1969, Mao declared the Cultural Revolution to be over, although the official history of the People's Republic of China marks the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976 with Mao's death.In the last years of his life, Mao was faced with declining health due to either Parkinson's disease or, according to Li Zhisui, motor neurone disease, as well as lung ailments due to smoking and heart trouble.Mao remained passive as various factions within the Communist Party mobilized for the power struggle anticipated after his death.When Mao could not swim any longer, the indoor swimming pool he had at Zhongnanhai was converted into a giant reception hall, according to Li Zhisui.Death Mao Zedong died at the age of 82, on September 9, 1976 at 10 minutes past midnight in Beijing.Mao had been in poor health for several years and had declined visibly for some months prior to his death.His body lay in state at the Great Hall of the People.A memorial service was held in Tiananmen Square on September 18, 1976.There was a three minute silence observed during this service.His body was later placed into the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong, although he wished to be cremated and had been one of the first high-ranking officials to sign the ”Proposal that all Central Leaders be Cremated after Death“ in November 1956.As anticipated after Mao’s death, there was a power struggle for control of China.On one side were the leftists led by the Gang of Four, who wanted to continue the policy of revolutionary mass mobilization.On the other side were the rightists, which consisted of two groups.One was the restorationists led by Hua Guofeng who advocated a return to central planning along the Soviet model.The other was the reformers, led by Deng Xiaoping, who wanted to overhaul the Chinese economy based on market-oriented policies and to de-emphasize the role of Maoist ideology in determining economic and political policy.Eventually, the moderates won control of the government.Deng Xiaoping defeated Hua Guofeng in a bloodless power struggle shortly afterwards.Cult of Mao

One of the reasons Mao is most remembered is the Cult of Mao, the personality cult that was created around him.Mao presented himself as an enemy of landowners, businessmen, and Western and American imperialism, as well as an ally of impoverished peasants, farmers and workers.Some argue that personality cults go against the basic ideas of Marxism.Stalin, however, circumvented this and began cultivating a cult of personality around himself and Lenin, even though Lenin expressly wished that no monuments be created after his death.Mao said the following about cults at the 1958 Party congress in Chengdu, where he expressed support for the idea of personality cults—even ones like Stalin's:

There are two kinds of personality cults.One is a healthy personality cult, that is, to worship men like Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin.Because they hold the truth in their hands.The other is a false personality cult, i.e.not analysed and blind worship.In 1962, Mao proposed the Socialist Education Movement(SEM)in an attempt to ”protect“ the peasants against the temptations of feudalism and the sprouts of capitalism that he saw re-emerging in the countryside(due to Liu's economic reforms).Large quantities of politicised art were produced and circulated—with Mao at the centre.Numerous posters and musical compositions referred to Mao as ”A red sun in the centre of our hearts“(我们心中的红太阳)and a ”Savior of the people“(人民的大救星).The Cult of Mao proved vital in starting the Cultural Revolution.China's youth had mostly been brought up during the Communist era, and they had been told to love Mao.Thus they were his greatest supporters.Their feelings for him were so strong that many followed his urge to challenge all established authority.In October 1966, Mao's Quotations From Chairman Mao Tse-Tung, which was known as the Little Red Book was published.Party members were encouraged to carry a copy with them and possession was almost mandatory as a criterion for membership.Over the years, Mao's image became displayed almost everywhere, present in homes, offices and shops.His quotations were typographically emphasised by putting them in boldface or red type in even the most obscure writings.Legacy Mao's legacy has produced a large amount of controversy.Many Chinese mainlanders continue to regard Mao Zedong as a great revolutionary leader, although they also believe that he made serious mistakes in his later life.According to Deng Xiaoping, Mao was ”seventy-percent right and thirty-percent wrong“, and his ”contributions are primary and his mistakes secondary.“ Some, including members of the Communist Party of China, hold Mao responsible for pulling China away from its biggest ally, the USSR, in the Sino-Soviet Split, while others admire his break with what Mao considered to be ”capitalist-roaders.“ The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution were also considered to be major disasters in his policy by his critics and even many of his supporters.Mao has also been blamed for not encouraging birth control and for creating a demographic bump, which later Chinese leaders responded to with the one child policy.Supporters of Mao credit him with advancing the social and economic development of Chinese society.They point out that before 1949, for instance, the illiteracy rate in Mainland China was 80 percent, and life expectancy was a meager 35 years.At his death, illiteracy had declined to less than seven percent, and average life expectancy had increased to more than 70 years(alternative statistics also quote improvements, though not nearly as dramatic).In addition to these increases, the total population of China increased 57% to 700 million, from the constant 400 million mark during the span between the Opium War and the Chinese Civil War.Supporters also state that, under Mao's regime, China ended its ”Century of Humiliation“ from Western imperialism and regained its status as a major world power.They also state their belief that Mao also industrialized China to a considerable extent and ensured China's sovereignty during his rule.Some of Mao's supporters view the Kuomintang as having been corrupt and credit Mao with driving them off the Chinese mainland to Taiwan.They also argue that the Maoist era improved women's rights by abolishing

prostitution, a phenomenon that was to return after Deng Xiaoping and post-Maoist CPC leaders increased liberalization of the economy.Indeed, Mao once famously remarked that ”Women hold up half the heavens“.A popular slogan during the Cultural Revolution was, ”Break the chains, unleash the fury of women as a mighty force for revolution!“ Skeptics observe that similar gains in literacy and life expectancy occurred after 1949 in the small neighboring island country of Taiwan, which was ruled by Mao's opponents, namely Chiang Kai-Shek and the Kuomintang, even though they themselves perpetrated substantial repression in their own right.The regime that took over in Taiwan was composed of the same people ruling the Mainland for over 20 years when life expectancy was so low, yet life expectancy there also increased.However, the United States helped Taiwan with aid and infrastructure, along with Japan and other countries.Another comparison has been between India and China, where India was initially ahead of China in some health measures before Mao took over, but Communist-ruled China surpassed capitalist India in virtually every measure of economic and social development, a position supported by a study that Indian economist Amartya Sen wrote.Though it is worth noting that China did not have the same kind of ethnic and social problems that India did, such as the caste system.Mao believed that ”socialism [was] the only way out for China“ because the United States and other Western countries would not allow China to develop using theories such as Imperialism, as described by Lenin.The United States placed a trade embargo on China as a result of its involvement in the Korean War, lasting until Richard Nixon decided that developing relations with China would be useful in also dealing with the Soviet Union.Some people claim that while the Tigers(South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore)obtained favorable trade terms from the United States, most Third World capitalist countries did not, and they saw nothing like the economic growth of the Tigers.The other side of this debate argue that the disparity in per capita income between Taiwan and the mainland today demonstrates that Mao's statement may have been a self-fullfilling proposition.There is more consensus on Mao's role as a military strategist and tactician during the Chinese Civil War and the Korean War.Even among those who find Mao's ideology to be either unworkable or abhorrent, many acknowledge that Mao was a brilliant political and military strategist-Mao's military writings continue to have a large amount of influence both among those who seek to create an insurgency and those who seek to crush one.The ideology of Maoism has influenced many communists around the world, including third world revolutionary movements such as Cambodia's Khmer Rouge, Peru's Shining Path, the revolutionary movement in Nepal, and also claims influence of the Revolutionary Communist Party, USA.China has moved sharply away from Maoism since Mao's death, and most people outside of China who describe themselves as Maoist regard the Deng Xiaoping reforms to be a betrayal of Mao's legacy.Many in mainland China regard Mao as a revolutionary hero in the first half of his life but hold that he was corrupt after gaining power.However, most Chinese liberals eschew Mao's authoritarian tactics.Contemporary views about him in the PRC are affected by bans on some works that criticise Mao(including this article).The controversial Mao: the Unknown Story, by Jung Chang and Jon Halliday, provides a far less flattering picture of Mao than previous historical works do.Chang's book notes that Mao fabricated many myths about his background and youth to enhance his image as a true ”people's hero.“ It likewise contends that details relevant to key events in the Long March(in particular the 1935 Battle of Luding Bridge)were falsified.Open academic discussion of Mao's life is restricted by the official ”70% good, 30% bad“ verdict.As the Chinese government instituted free market economic reform in the early 21st century, it put less emphasis on studying Mao.For example, there was little state recognition of the 25th anniversary of Mao's death.This was a clear contrast with 1993, when the state organized numerous events and seminars commemorating Mao's 100th birthday.Nevertheless, unlike the denunciations of Stalin and ”Stalinism“ by Khrushchev during the Soviet era in Russia, the Chinese government has never officially repudiated the tactics of Mao.Critics of the government who uphold Mao's critique of the current rulers of China as betraying the core principals of socialism are also suppressed by the Chinese government.In the mid-1990s, Mao Zedong's picture began to appear on all new renminbi currency from the People’s Republic of China.This was officially instituted as an anti-counterfeiting measure as Mao's face is widely recognized in contrast to the generic figures that appear in older currency.On March 13, 2006, a story in the People's Daily reported that a proposal had been made to replace Mao's portrait on currency with that of Sun Yat-sen and Deng Xiaoping.Genealogy Mao Zedong had several wives which contributed to a large family.These were:

1.Luo Yixiu(罗一秀, 1889-1910)of Shaoshan: married 1907 to 1910

2.Ma Daiwei(马代伟,1895-1947)of Xi'an;”the unpopular wife“, no children, married from 1912-1920, believed to have died of cancer

3.Yang Kaihui(杨开慧, 1901-1930)of Changsha: married 1921 to 1927, executed by the Kuomintang in 1930

4.He Zizhen(贺子珍, 1910-1984)of Jiangxi: married May 1928 to 1939

5.Jiang Qing:(江青, 1914-1991), married 1939 to Mao's death

His ancestors were:

• Wen Qimei(文七妹, 1867-1919), mother

• Mao Yichang(毛贻昌, 1870-1920), father, courtesy name Mao Shunsheng(毛顺生)

• Mao Enpu(毛恩普), paternal grandfather

He had several siblings:

• Mao Zemin(毛泽民, 1895-1943), younger brother

• Mao Zetan(毛泽覃, 1905-1935), younger brother

• Mao Zehong, sister(executed by the Kuomintang in 1930)

Mao Zedong's parents altogether had six sons and two daughters.Two of the sons and both daughters died young, leaving the three brothers Mao Zedong, Mao Zemin, and Mao Zetan.Like all three of Mao Zedong's wives, Mao Zemin and Mao Zetan were communists.Like Yang Kaihui, both Zemin and Zetan were killed in warfare during Mao Zedong's lifetime.Note that the character ze(泽)appears in all of the siblings' given names.This is a common Chinese naming convention.He had several children:

• Mao Anying(毛岸英): son to Yang, married to Liu Siqi(刘思齐), who was born Liu Songlin(刘松林), killed in action during the Korean War

• Mao Anqing(毛岸青): son to Yang, married to Shao Hua(邵华), son Mao Xinyu(毛新宇)

• Li Min(李敏): daughter to He, married to Kong Linghua(孔令华), son Kong Ji'ning(孔继宁), daughter Kong Dongmei(孔冬梅)

• Li Na(李讷): daughter to Jiang(whose birth given name was Li), married to Wang Jingqing(王景清), son Wang Xiaozhi(王效芝)

Sources suggest that Mao did have other children during his revolutionary days;in most of these cases the children were left with peasant families because it was difficult to take care of the children while focusing on revolution.Two English researchers who retraced the entire Long March route in 2002-2003 located a woman who they believe might well be a missing child abandoned by Mao to peasants in

1935 Ed Jocelyn and Andrew McEwen hope a member of the Mao family will respond to requests for a DNA test.Writings

Mao is the attributed author of Quotations From Chairman Mao Tse-Tung, known in the West as the ”Little Red Book“ and in Cultural-revolution China as the ”Red Treasure Book"(紅寶書): this is a collection of short extracts from his speeches and articles, edited by Lin Biao and ordered topically.Mao wrote several other philosophical treatises, both before and after he assumed power.These include:

• On Practice(《实践论》);1937

• On Contradiction(《矛盾论》);1937

• On Protracted War(《论持久战》);1938

• On New Democracy(《新民主主义论》);1940

• Talks at the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art(《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》);1942

• On the Correct Handling of the Contradictions Among the People(《正确处理人民内部矛盾问题》);1957

• In Memory of Norman Bethune(《纪念白求恩》)

• The Foolish Old Man Who Removed the Mountains(《愚公移山》)

• Serve the People(《为人民服务》)

Mao was furthermore a skilled calligrapher with a highly personal style, and his calligraphy is still much visible in Mainland China.Poetry

Mao also wrote poetry, mainly in the classical ci and shi forms.His poems are all in the traditional Chinese verse style.Though Mao may not be one of the best Chinese poets, his poems are generally considered well written and of high literary quality.As did most Chinese intellectuals of his generation, Mao received rigorous education in Chinese classical literature, and thus his skill in poetry is of little surprise.His style was deeply influenced by the great Tang Dynasty poets Li Bai and Li He.He is considered to be a romantic poet, in constrast to the realist poets represented by Du Fu.Many of Mao's poems are still very popular in China.They are frequently quoted in popular culture, literature and daily conversations.Some of his most well-known poems are: Changsha(1925), The Double Ninth(1929.10), Loushan Pass(1935), The Long March(1935), Snow(1936.02), The PLA Captures Nanjing(1949.04), Reply to Li Shuyi(1957.05.11), and Ode to the Plum Blossom(1961.12).The general consensus is that his pre-1949 works are better.

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