第一篇:垃圾分类(英文)
垃圾的分类
The classification of garbage Hello,everyone!I am glad to have this chance to share some ideas about the classification of garbage with you.When walking in the campus, you usually ask yourself,“where is the garbage can?”,in order to lose rubbish in your hand.In the past, I think it is a fairly easy thing to throw rubbish.The only thing which waste my time is to find a garbage can in the nearby.Then I would throw the garbage into the trash can with giving a whistle.But now things are changing.Along with the environmental policy,I find that more and more garbage can with novel style appeare in the campus.They ordinarily consist of two parts.One used to hold the recyclable garbage, and another used to store unrecyclable garbage.So when I’m ready to throw rubbish, I need to stop and think.What type of garbage does it belong to in my hand? Recyclable? Unrecyclable? Then I must to bent down to see what is written on the barrel.Which one is recyclablebarrel? Which one is unrecyclable barrel? Because I’m nearsighted.Although this process wastes my some time, when I put the rubbish into the right position, I will arise spontaneously a sense of achievement.Because I think I have done a little useful thing for the great cause of environmental protection.But sometimes ,it is not a simple thing to make sure the type of garbage in my hand.For the same piece of paper, it belongs to different garbage classification in different situations.If it is a clean piece of paper, it belongs to recycle garbage without doubt.When I write on the paper, or fold the paper, I still can easily know it belongs to recycled garbage.But how about this?(sneeze, blowing my nose, chewing gum).Do you still insist that it is recycled rubbish? I believe that most people don’t.Specifically, this answer is not correct either.In the garbage classification, it belongs to the combustible rubbish or organic waste.For the other one example, when you want to throw away the leftover breakfast, how do you deal with it? Is it recycled? Is it unrecyclable? Or not all.Because the leftover breakfast belongs to kitchen waste.Next, let’s look at the specific classification of garbage.As we can see, the consumer, mainly produces four kinds of rubbish in our daily life.They are recyclable, unrecyclable, combustible, and kitchen waste.For the unrecyclable, the main way to deal with it is landfill.It takes up a lot of land and pollute them.However, if we adopt the right technology to it, the unrecyclable garbage can be converted to methane which is useful for us.For the recyclable garbage, they are often used to recycle, and produce recycled goods.And how about combustible rubbish? Just as its name implies, the main way to deal with it is burning.The energy of burning is used to generate electricity which provide security for the life.Next for the kitchen waste, it is very appropriate to organic compost.Organic fertilizers is a kind of environmentally friendly fertilizers.So in the end, the garbage is reused in various other ways and come back to our life.This is a very valuable cycle.For example, how to deal with waste batteries? If there is only one or a little ordinary battery, you can throw it and living garbage together.Because the battery with mercury do little harm to the environment.Recommended not to collect the battery, and not plan to thrown away when you think it.Because you may forget it.A lot of batteries have greater pollution.If you have many batteries is in need of treatment, please put it to correct position.Our school has a special garbage can to recycling battery.So now the garbage classification is not perfect, but it is very helpful to built up our consciousness of garbage classification.You might ask, “Is there a simple method which can quickly classify rubbish?” Sorry, I can’t give this method.Because garbage classification depends on each person’s value judgement.But you can give the rubbish to the garbage man in your dormitory and ask, “How much does they value?” If he take the garbage and give you some money, it means the garbage is recycled.If he gives you a glimpse and say, “go away!” It means the garbage is unrecyclable.So I support the garbage classification policy.Many people side and I are also to do so.I usually take some times to divide garbage into two parts.This part is recycled garbage.That part is unrecyclable garbage.Then I put them into correct position.But in the end, what happened? I see the garbage to be put together once again!Are you kitting me? This is a question to make me feel puzzled.It make me become negative to classify garbage.What is the practical significance of garbage classification? The new style of garbage can is not only used to enjoy.We need do more thing!Thanks!
第二篇:垃圾分类 课题总结 英文
Summary
——by zxy from Group2 Topic [The investigation into garbage classifiedrecovery in SEU] background The reason for this investigation was justbeing curiosity.We have been taught to assort the trash since when we were kids, and we can easily come up with lots of advantages to do such a thing.However, it seems that we are still mixing garbage together, no matter in my hometown or Nanjing.I have been suspecting that trash is not been assorted for a long time, and this is a good opportunity to figure it out.My partners are also behind me.So,we choose our campus to be the research area.Pre-research In our pre-research, in fact, we can already assume that we didn’t assort the trash.Evenin the whole Nanjing city, burying is still the most common way to handle the trash.People just crush and bury it, no classification, let alone recovery.interview
Theinterview proved our guess.On 12.24th, we interviewed a cleaner in our campus.My work is holding the camera.We were told that the garbage was gathered to a crusher in SEU.Every day trucks from factory would come to take those crushed trash.We also had a visit to those 3 crushers.Trash was mixed from the very beginning, no chance for classified recovery.questionnaire Thus, we made an onlinequestionnaire, trying to find out where the problems are.As a result, we found that most of students wanted to but did not know how.Case research In that case, we searched some excellent examples from Europe and America, as well as some tips to how to recycle your trash.Conclusion Frankly speaking, we find that there is still a giant step to achieve garbage classified recovery: people need to be more passionate about this, and our system of trash-recovery needs abig improvement.Our investigation is far from enough.But at least, we do hope we have made a difference, no matter how small it is.
第三篇:垃圾分类[推荐]
垃圾分类
增城市第一幼儿园
丁小红
刘秋群
活动目标:
1、学习将垃圾分类为可回收垃圾和不可回收垃圾。
2、体验环境污染带来的影响,知道乱扔垃圾会污染环境,危害健康。
3、培养幼儿初步的环保意识
重点:知道垃圾的简单分类,懂得“垃圾分类”的意义
难点:生活垃圾的分类处理
活动准备:课件 活动过程
1、教师出示课件,让幼儿感受垃圾的污染。
2、“这么多的垃圾都是从哪里来的?”引导幼儿知道生活中自己每天都会制造很多垃圾。
3、“如果每个人每天都制造许多的垃圾,会怎样?”引导幼儿讨论,了解垃圾对生活环境造成的危害。
出示课件:让幼儿看垃圾污染严重的照片,出示很脏的水和干净的水,进行比较,5、师:你们知道垃圾严重的影响我们的环境,除了老师,爸爸妈妈和小朋友一起爱护环境,还有什么方法,可以让更多的人一起参与爱护环境的大行动中呢?引导幼儿讨论要垃圾分类。
关于垃圾分类,老师还要告诉你们一些垃圾分类的小诀窍,请小朋友观看课件让我们一起来学一些垃圾分类的办法吧。
6、小结:我们在生活中要爱护环境,讲究卫生,要从自身做起,从身边的小事做起,减少垃圾的产生,并让更多的人一起参与爱护环境的行动中来。
第四篇:浅析垃圾分类
浅析垃圾分类
房地产09-2班 梁圆圆 3090852229 摘要:本文通过对传统的三种垃圾处理方法的分析,引出了垃圾需要分类处理,并指出了垃圾分类的目的、好处等等,呼吁人们要对垃圾分类给予一定的重视,好好保护环境的重要性。
关键词:垃圾 垃圾分类 处理
一、传统的垃圾处理方法
(一)填埋处理
填埋是大量消纳城市生活垃圾的有效方法,也是所有垃圾处理工艺剩余物的最终处理方法,目前,我国普遍采用直接填埋法。所谓直接填埋法是将垃圾填入已预备好的坑中盖上压实,使其发生生物、物理、化学变化,分解有机物,达到减量化和无害化的目的。但是,我国许多城市的垃圾仍有大多采取露天堆放,没有任何防护措施。每一个垃圾堆放场都成了一个污染源,蚊蝇孽生,老鼠成灾,臭气漫天,大量垃圾污水由地表渗入地下,对城市环境和地下水源造成严重污染。随着城市垃圾量的增加,靠近城市的适用的填埋场地愈来愈少,开辟远距离填埋场地又大大提高了垃圾排放费用,这样高昂的费用甚至无法承受。
(二)焚烧处理
焚烧法是将垃圾置于高温炉中,使其中可燃成分充分氧化的一种方法,产生的热量用于发电和供暖。焚烧处理的优点是减量效果好(焚烧后的残渣体积减少90%以上,重量减少80%以上),处理彻底。但是,由于垃圾含有某些金属,焚烧具有很高的毒性,产生二次环境危害。焚烧处理要求垃圾的热值大于3.35MJ/kg,否则,必须添加助燃剂,这将使运行费用增高到一般城市难以承受的地步。
(三)堆肥处理
将生活垃圾堆积成堆,保温至70℃储存、发酵,借助垃圾中微生物分解的能力,将有机物分解成无机养分。经过堆肥处理后,生活垃圾变成卫生的、无味的腐殖质。既解决垃圾的出路,又可达到再资源化的目的,但是生活垃圾堆肥量大,养分含量低,长期使用易造成土壤板结和地下水质变坏,所以,堆肥的规模不宜太大。
二、垃圾分类的概况和我国我国垃圾分类现状的原因分析
垃圾分类(Refuse sorting),是将垃圾按可回收再使用和不可回收再使用的分类法为垃圾分类。人类每日会产生大量的垃圾,大量的垃圾未经分类回收再使用并任意弃置会造成环境污染。
在我国曾经在垃圾分类这一领域曾今做了各类尝试和努力,例如通过媒体进行垃圾分类知识以及意义的宣传,有关部门走进社区进行直接性的号召,以及政府制定一系列相关的法律法规等,但至今收效甚微。相关人士指出,与发达国家相比,我国没有形成相应的垃圾分类配套法规,推动垃圾分类的强制性动力不够。同时,全社会尚未养成自觉将垃圾分类的习惯,仅靠社会宣传动员的手段来推动垃圾分类是远远不够的。
(一)居民缺乏垃圾分类意识
据调查,近八成的居民表示,平日扔垃圾时没有分类扔放的意识和想法,居民对于垃圾桶分类标识关注度较低,往分类垃圾桶内扔垃圾很少注意扔得对不对,仅仅是寻求方便,甚至部分人认为将垃圾放入垃圾桶就已经很环保了,以至于几乎所有的分类垃圾桶内的垃圾都是混装的。
与此同时,居民对于可回收、不可回收垃圾概念模糊,仅仅认为,可用的,用来卖钱的就是可回收垃圾,又对于垃圾分类的意义不了解。何况分类垃圾桶早已被环卫工或拾荒者多次光顾,大多可用于回收的垃圾已经被拾走,最终环卫部门在统一收垃圾时仍是将所有垃圾一齐倒入拉机车,居民认为在源头进行垃圾分类的效果不大,逐渐失去了垃圾分类的动力。
(二)垃圾分类缺乏强制性约束
我国的垃圾分类工作在立法层面上既没有约束机制,又没有鼓励机制,是一大问题。政府等相关国家机构现阶段仅仅采用宣传的手段是不足以从根本上推动垃圾分类工作的,在日本,如果居民没有进行垃圾分类,环卫工人不会收你的垃圾,即使你丢进垃圾桶,也会被送回门口。
(三)垃圾处理的基础设备及资金投入的匮乏
由于人力物力有限,环卫处采取的也就是单一的垃圾车。相关机构人员表示,如果要实现真正分类,就要在投放分类垃圾桶之后,调派不同的车辆运输不同的垃圾。经粗略测算,分类运输至少要增加几千台车,对交通的压力巨大。而到了处理环节,我国几乎没有各类可回收垃圾的专项处理设备。因此,分了类的垃圾最终还是被混合运走。
一次环保产品展示会上,一套德国产的废旧电器无害化处理的生产线展示了垃圾处理的先进性,一边放进废旧设备的同时,另一边就会分解出金、银、铜等可利用的现成资源,但这样的设备标价却要1000多万元。对于发展中国家而言,资金和问题是垃圾分类急需解决的首要问题之一。系列相关的法律法规等,但至今收效甚微。
三、垃圾分类的好处
进行垃圾分类收集可以减少垃圾处理量和处理设备,降低处理成本,减少土地资源的消耗,具有社会、经济、生态三方面的效益。垃圾分类处理的优点如下:
(一)减少占地
生活垃圾中有些物质不易降解,使土地受到严重侵蚀。垃圾分类,去掉能回收的、不易降解的物质,减少垃圾数量达60%以上。
(二)减少环境污染
废弃的电池含有金属汞、镉等有毒的物质,会对人类产生严重的危害;土壤中的废塑料会导致农作物减产;抛弃的废塑料被动物误食,导致动物死亡的事故时有发生。因此回收利用可以减少危害。?
(三)变废为宝
中国每年使用塑料快餐盒达40亿个,方便面碗5—7亿个,一次性筷子数十亿个,这些占生活垃圾的8—15%。1吨废塑料可回炼600公斤的柴油。回收1500吨废纸,可免于砍伐用于生产1200吨纸的林木。一吨易拉罐熔化后能结成一吨很好的铝块,可少采20吨铝矿。生产垃圾中有30%—40%可以回收利用,应珍惜这个小本大利的资源。大家也可以利用易拉罐制作笔盒,既环保,又节约资源。
四、对垃圾分类的建议
垃圾分类回收由个部分组成:分类投放,由市民完成,清运回收,由专职技术和行政人员这些专职人员可能是政府环卫部门,也可能是政府和企业要使市民的分类投放成为习惯和时尚,必须保证清运回收渠道的畅通。建立清运回收体系可以两条腿走路,一是由政府部门来做。这就需要改进目前的清运系统。
(一)建立分类车或分类收集制度。比如生物垃圾可以用专车每日收集,其他垃圾可分日定时定点来拖,如周一专门收废纸,周三收废塑料,周五收废玻璃。
(二)建立回收中心,环卫部门与回收部门接轨,环卫部门分类收集后不是垃到送填埋场,而是到回收站分类打包,这是一种可带来利润的市政投入,如运用目前的新技术可使生物垃圾在24小时内还原为优质肥料,半年就可收回购买这个回收设备的成本,既不用另找堆放地,也有一笔可观的收入。
(三)设立固定或流动的收购站,并提供收购清运车的进城证等便利条件,把建立垃圾回收渠道作为城市环境综合整治的重要部分。
另一条腿,委托民间的企业来直接进行清运回收。与常规产业不同,回收产业具有货源采集成本高和微利的特点,回收产业的生长,即使是在传统市场经济社会里,也在很大程度上掺和了政府行为,例如税收、贷款等多方面的优惠。处于转形时期的中国,整个市场发育的条件都是政府给予的,做为回收产业赖以生长的市场条件,更需政府在下述几个方面给予扶植:
(一)委托收费,如授权物业管理公司向社会区居民征收垃圾费,用于清运回收政府的职能在于制定规则和监督管理,一方面规定收费标准并确认市民的付费责任,一方面检查和约束回收企业的经营是否符合有关法规。
(二)政策倾斜,在税收、贷款等多方面给予优惠。
(三)创造市场。提供使用再生品,扶植再生品市场。很多时候,庞大的政府消费本身就是这样的市场,如克林顿政府规定,政府用纸的60%必须是再生纸,很快扶植了美国的再生纸行业。
五、结论
垃圾分类不同于其他环保问题,如水污染控制、大气污染治理那样受技术、资金和经济发展水平的制约过去中国的经济技术远比现在落后,却建立了当时世界上最先进的。而文化是一种历史,一种积淀,一种潜力,只要我们教育、法及政策到位,这种潜力就能被燃发出来。目前美国的回收严格说来只有30%,日本不到40%,中国完全有理由发挥文化传统的优势,尽快建立垃圾分类体系,在环保的这一个具体的领域,走到世界的最前面。这与其说是为了尊严与荣誉,不如说是为了生存和可持续的发展。
垃圾分类是一个长期的工作,随着中国的经济发展和各项社会体制的健全,我相信在不久的将来中国会是国际上著名的“生态国家”。
第五篇:垃圾分类从我做起
垃圾分类 从我做起
绿色生活,首先要减少垃圾。以前我很少注意这一个问题,总觉得这是大人们做的事,跟我们小学生无关,直到今天,老师对我们说起这个问题,我才意识到这是一个值得大家重视的问题,因为美好的生活环境不是靠你,也不是靠我,而是要靠大家一起来创造的,作为一名小学生,我觉得更应该起到带头作用。
记得有一次,我把一张废纸丢在道路旁,弟弟立刻愤怒地说:“你为什么要乱丢垃圾?”我不以为然的说:“地球那么大,丢一张废纸会污染地球?”“如果全世界的人类都像你一样,地球很快就会变成垃圾场了。”弟弟的一番话,把我说得目瞪口呆。是呀,如果每个人都象我那样想的话,后果真是不堪设想。看来,创造美好生活环境是要从每一个人、每一件事做起的。
每天上学、放学,我都要经过一条林荫小道,但是,郁郁葱葱的树阴下,却是垃圾一大堆,有塑料袋、有废纸、有牛奶盒……天上,地下两种风景形成鲜明的对比。我猜想:一定是一些人买东西或吃东西时贪图方便随地丢的,而在不远的路旁一块醒目的木牌上写着:请不要乱丢垃圾,前方十米有垃圾桶。看完以后我不得不惊叹起来:十米!十米!只要走大约十六步就有垃圾桶,地上竟然有各种各样的垃圾,难道走十六步远的路程对那些人是那么困难吗?难道那些人把垃圾丢下时不觉得可耻吗?我决定以后发现丢垃圾的人,就要阻止他们,并向他们宣传丢垃圾是可耻的,告诉他们美好的生活环境是要靠大家一起努力创造的。报纸上经常有报道,外国许多商店的塑料袋已经改为既环保又可以反复使用的纸袋,还有许多食客已经坚决不用一次性的筷子和饭盒了。看来,我们还需加倍努力!
让我们行动起来,减少垃圾,从我做起。