第一篇：作文万能句型总结和四级200高频词汇
Render vt.呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 致使, 放弃, 表演, 实施
vi.给予补偿
vi.给予补偿
n.交纳, 粉刷, 打底(墙壁的)初涂[打底];粉刷;抹灰 ； 精制油[罕](地租、房租等的)缴纳
render thanks to感谢, 报答
render good for evil以德报怨
render a bill开出帐单
render a play into English 把一个剧本译成英语
You have rendered great service.你们帮了很大的忙。render certain 确保, 保征
render down把...熬成油;把...熬成液体
render into译成(某种语言)render oneself up to投降
render up做(祷告);放弃, 交出
rend sb.with scorn用鄙视来伤某人的感情 render able
adj.renderer
n.
第二篇：大学英语四级高频词汇、短语及句型集锦
大学英语四级高频词汇、短语及句型集锦
a stack of 一堆，一摞，一叠 a wealth of 很多的
abrupt 突然的；意料之外的 absorb 吸收；吸引...的注意 academic performance 学习成绩 accuse 谴责，指控 accusation 指控，控告 advance 前进；增加 alert 警报
alternative 替代品；另类的 appear 看上去好像，似乎 Aristotle 亚里士多德 assembly 集会，集合
at hand 手头上的；需要马上处理的 at the expense of 以...为代价 attentively 专注地；热切地 attribute to 把...归因于 bacon 腊肉 bake 烘，烤
bake...into 纳入，合并
be entitled to 有权；有...的资格 be tied up with=be busy with bear sth in mind 将…牢记心间 beverage 饮料
biased 有偏见的；结果偏倚的 billion 十亿
blade 刀刃，刀片 bless 祝福；保佑 block 一块，一段 bloom 果树的花 blossom 观赏的花 boost 提升；鼓舞
box office 票房收入；售票处 branch 分支 breeze 微风 brew 酿造
brief 短暂的；简略的 bubble 气泡，泡沫
build up from nothing=start from scratch 白手起家
bullet 子弹
bump 上下颠簸；碰撞；膨胀 burglar 窃贼 cable 电缆
calligraphy=handwriting 书法
catch oneself doing sth突然意识到自己在做...categorize 分类 ceiling 天花板
champagne（法国）香槟酒
chance of a lifetime 千载难逢的机会 Chances always favor those who are fully prepared 机会总是留给有充分准备的人 chill 寒冷；寒气 chilly 寒冷的
China’s reform and opening-up 中国的改革开放
chip 剪下；剪辑；夹住，扣住 clutter 杂乱；混乱；弄乱 cognitive 认知的
collapse 倒塌；衰退；病倒；崩溃 column 专栏；圆柱 columnist 专栏作家
come into being 出现，产生，存在 come into vogue 流行起来 comforter 被子 commercial 商业的 commit 犯（罪）；致力于 commitment 承诺；忠诚 comparable 比得上的 compel 强波，使不得不 compelling 引人注目的
complement 补充物，衬托物 comprehensive 综合的 confront（+with）面对 consensus 一致同意 controversy 争议 conventional 传统的
correspond 通信；一致，相符合 council 委员会
count on 依赖，指望 counter 计算器；柜台；（棋盘游戏的）筹码 countless 无数的
cover the expenses of 支付...的费用 crack 破解（难题，密码）；破裂 cracker 薄脆饼干 anticipate 预期，预料 credit 学分
crucial 重要的；决定性的 curb 路边
curl 盘绕，缠绕 curler 卷发夹
curse 祸害；诅咒，咒骂 damp 潮湿的
dampen 抑制；使…沮丧 define 确定，界定 definitely 一定 democratic 民主的
demonstrate 证明；展示；示威 depict 描绘
depress 使沮丧，使萧条 device 装置，设备；策略 devise 遗赠；设计，发明 dialect 方言 dig 挖掘
diligent 勤奋的 diner 小餐馆
diploma 毕业/学业证书；奖状 diplomatic 外交的
1/4 direct 直接的
disguise 掩饰，假扮
display 陈列，展览；显示；炫耀 distinguished 杰出的，独特的 domesticate 驯养
dramatic 剧烈的，显著的 dried 干燥的，干涸的
dump 倾倒；抛弃，丢弃；抛售；抛卸；垃圾场；军需供应站 dustbin 垃圾桶
economic 紧急实惠的 eel 鳗鱼，鳝
eliminate 消除，排除 emission 排放 employee 雇员 employee 雇主
encounter 偶遇，邂逅；遭遇 enroll 使加入；注册，登记 entrepreneur 企业家 essence 精髓，精华
essential 必要的；本质的 estate 房地产
exceed 超过，超越 excel 擅长（+in/at）；优于，超过 excellent 极好的，优秀的
exclusive 排斥；排外的；专门的；独家新闻 excursion 远足；短途旅游 executive 总经理；行政领导；执行的（CEO）exert 发挥；运用；尽（力）；施加 exert an influence on...exploit 利用；开拓，挖掘；剥削 exposure 暴露；曝光
extend one’s sincere gratitude to 向…表达某人诚挚的感谢之情 exterior 外部的 facility 天赋，才能 fascinate 吸引 fatigue 疲劳
feasible 可行的，可能的 finance 财政，金融
first-class=leading 一流的 fleet 船队，车队，机群 flour 面粉
flow 流动（v.&n.）；流传，传播 for sale 待售的 fossil fuel 化石燃料 foster interests 培养兴趣 frontier 前沿；边界
fundamentally 根本地，基础地
generate 生育；引起，造成，导致，促进 give rise to 引起，导致 give 让步，提供
gossip 流言蜚语，谣言；闲谈 govern 治理；管理；统治；支配 grace 优雅；慈悲
grant 授予；允许，同意 grip=grasp 紧握住
guideline 指导方针，准则 timeless 永恒的
hang up 挂起（衣服）；挂断电话 harvest（庄稼）收获 hated 令人憎恨的 haul 拖拉
hinder 阻碍，妨碍；后面的 Holland 荷兰
hollow 空的；凹陷的；窟窿
humanity 人类；人性；人文学科 hut 棚屋，茅舍
identical 完全相同的，同一的 identify 确定，确认，识别 identity 身份
ignorant 愚昧无知的 illustrate 阐明；图解 illustration 插图 immense 巨大的
implicit/underlying 含蓄的，深层的 impose 强制实施，施加
in essence 本质上，大体上；其实
in terms of 就...来说；关于...；在...方面 in token of 作为...的象征 Inc（incorporation）公司 incoming 进来的 index 索引
index finger 食指 inevitable 不可避免的
infant 初学者；婴儿，幼儿，未成年 inferior（superior）次的，差的 infrastructure 基础设施；公共建设 inherit 继承
innovation 创新；新发明 install 安装
instant noodles 方便面
instant 即刻的；即食的；速溶的 integrate with 与…结合在一起
integrate 整合，合并，使一体化；整体的 integrate...into 融入
intellectual 智力的；聪明的；知识分子 interest 利益；利息
interfere（+with）干预，妨碍，打扰 interior 内部的
interpretation 阐释，说明 intervention 干预
intimate 亲密的，私人的 investigation 调查，研究
irrational consumption 非理性消费 Jesus 耶稣
join hand 携手合作 junior 大三学生
keep back 抑制；隐瞒 leaf 叶子；人生
2/4 lean toward 偏向于… leap 跳跃；腾飞 lease 租约，租契
less than 一点也不，一点也没有 limp 软的；不强壮地；（因腿受伤）跛行 literacy rate 识字率 literature 文学（作品），文献 livelihood 生计 logical 合乎逻辑的 loyal 忠诚的 lump 膨胀
luxury奢侈（的）；奢侈品 magnificent 华丽的；高贵的 maintain 维修
make time for 为...腾出时间 Mandarin 普通话 margin 边缘
matchmaking 做媒（牵线搭桥）mayor 市长
mechanic 技工，机修工；手工的 Mediterranean 地中海 merit 值得，应得；功德
migrant workers 流动工人；农民工 migrant 候鸟；移民 Millennium 千禧一代 mind-set 心态；思维模式 minimal 微小的，极少的 mobility 移动性 muscle 肌肉
mutually 相互地；彼此 nail down 确定，明确 narrative 故事，记叙文 nightmare 噩梦
Not until that time did I realize how important I am in your heart.obligation 债务；义务，责任；证券；契约；恩惠
occupation 职业，行业 ocean liner 远洋客轮 odd 奇数的；古怪的 odds 概率，可能性
on the side of 站在…的立场
One can’t make bricks without straw.巧妇难为无米之炊
outdated 过时的 outlet 出口，出路
outperform 胜过，做得比...好 outweigh 比…更重要；超出
overtake（=go beyond）赶上；超越；超车；突然袭击 pants 裤子 paper 论文 passive 被动的 paste 膏；粘贴 peasant 农民
penalty 惩罚；死刑
perceive 理解；意识的；发觉，警觉 perception 知觉，观念 perceptive 感知的 perfume 香水；香气 permanently 永远地
perspective 观点，角度；远景 phase（月亮）盈亏；阶段；时机 pinch 一小撮；掐，捏，夹 pitch 程度，强度，高度 plague 蝗/鼠灾，瘟疫 Polish 波兰（人）的 populous 人口多的 post 张贴；发布 postpone 推迟
precisely 精确地；清晰地 predator 捕食者 pregnant 怀孕
procedure 程序；进程
productive 多产的；有效率的；有创造性的 productivity 生产力 proficient 能力，水平profound 深刻的
promise 承诺；有…的可能 proportion 比例
prospect 前景，希望；景色；勘探 pull oneself together 使振作起来 pumpkin 南瓜 purple 紫色的
radical 激进的；激进分子 random 任意地，随意地 raw 生的；未经加工的 reap 收割；收获
recession（经济）萧条 recreation 娱乐 recruit 雇佣，；招聘；动员；征募 reflect on 仔细思考
regard 就...而言，关于...；认为，看作 region 地区；范围；部位 relate 讲述
relatively 相当地；相对地 remains 残留物；遗址 renewal 更新；重建 reservation 保留；预订
resort 名胜；诉诸；求助（n.）；凭借（n.）respectively 各自地，分别地，依次地 restraint 控制，抑制；安全带
retailer 零售商 proverb 谚语
retrain 再教育，再训练 retreat 撤退；隐居处 reveal 揭露
revenue 财政收入（税收）；利益
reverse 改变；推翻；反转，扭转；倒退 rosy 玫瑰色的；乐观的；愉快的
3/4 rough 粗糙的；粗鲁的；未经加工的 roughly 大致上，粗略的 run into 碰撞，撞上 rust（铁）锈
sack 麻布袋；解雇
satisfied（指人）感到满意的
satisfying=satisfactory（指物）令人感到满意的
scholar 学者
scope 视野；范围 scrape 擦伤；刮除 script 剧本；手稿 secure 保证；保护 set 布置
shed 工棚，工房，库房；流出（+tears）sheet 床单；一张；纸 shiver 颤抖，哆嗦 slope 斜面，斜坡 so-called 所谓的 solution 溶剂
sophisticated 久经世故的；精密的；尖端的 sort 整理，分类
source 源泉；根源；水源 span 持续的时间；期间 resource 资源；财力
spark a heated discussion 引起激烈的讨论 special offer 特价 split 分开，分裂 spray 喷洒
stack 堆起，摞起 staple food 主食
staple 基本的，主要的 stereotype 刻板印象 stoop 俯身，弯腰
strain 拉紧；扭伤；使过度劳累；压力 strip（+off）剥去，除去，脱去 strive 努力，奋斗 struggle 努力，奋斗
stuff 填/塞满；东西；原料；让...吃饱 stuffed toys 毛绒玩具 submit 提交
subsequent 随后的 sufficient 充分的 suggest 表明，暗示
superficial 表面的；肤浅的 surge 激增，突然上涨：（情感的）突发，涌现
sustain 延续，维持，支撑；承担；忍受 terminal 终端；致命的；晚期的；终点站 the Communist Party 共产党 therapy 治疗；疗法
There is many reasons accounting for（解释，说明）...tip 诀窍；小费；尖端 tobacco 香烟，烟草
torture 折磨，使痛苦 toss 扔，掷，抛
tremendous 巨大的；极好的 trigger（扣）扳机；触发 tube 管子
ultimately 最终；根本 uneasy 不安的 upfront 预付地
Valentine’s Day 情人节 vanish 消失，突然不见
vary from person to person 因人而异 venture 冒险（事业）verification 验证，确认
vigorous 强有力的，强健的，精力充沛的 violation 侵犯；违反
virtual（计算机）虚拟的；实际上的 virtue 优点；美德 virus 病毒
vision 视力；眼力；想象；美景 visual 视觉的，视力的 vogue 时尚（的），流行（的）voyage 航行；航程
vulnerable 易受伤害的，有弱点的 walker 助步车
whereas 然而；鉴于；反之 wire 电线，金属丝 wireless 无线电（的）
With/in regard to 就...而言，至于，关于 wrap up 拆开（包裹）
Yogi 瑜伽师（yoga 瑜伽）
4/4
第三篇：英语四级翻译常用词汇及基本句型
英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化
京剧 Peking opera
秦腔 Qin opera
功夫Kungfo
太极Tai Chi
口 技 ventriloquism
木偶戏puppet show
皮影戏 shadowplay
折子戏 opera highlights
杂技 acrobatics
相声 witty dialogue comedy
刺绣 embroidery
苏绣 Suzhou embroidery
泥人 clay figure
书法 calligraphy
中国画 traditional Chinese painting
水墨画 Chinese brush painting
中国结 Chinese knot
中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China
火药 gunpowder
印刷术printing
造纸术 paper-making
指南针 the compass
青铜器 bronze ware
瓷器 porcelain;china
唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty
景泰蓝cloisonne
秋千swing
武术 martial arts
儒家思想Confucianism
儒家文化 Confucian culture
道教 Taoism
墨家Mohism
法家 Legalism
佛教 Buddhism
孔子 Confucius
孟子 Mencius
老子 Lao Tzu
庄子 Chuang Tzu
墨子 Mo Tzu
孙子Sun Tzu
象形文字 pictographic characters
文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study(brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)
《大学》The Great Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
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《论语》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius 《孙子兵法》The Art of War 《三国演义》Three Kingdoms 《西游爷己》Journey to the West 《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes 《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers
《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror
《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals
《史记》Historical Records
《诗经》The Book of Songs
《易经》The I Ching;The Book of Changes
《礼记》The Book of Rites
《三字经》Three-character Scriptures
八股文 eight-part essay
五言绝句 five-character quatrain
七言律诗 seven-character octave
旗袍 cheongsam
中山装 Chinese tunic suit
唐装 Tang suit
风水 Fengshui;geomantic omen
阳历 Solar calendar
阴历 Lunar calendar
闰年 leap year
十二生肖zodiac
春节 the Spring Festival
元宵节 the Lantern Festival
清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day
端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival
中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day
重阳节 the Double-ninth Day
七夕节 the Double-seventh Day
春联 spring couplets
庙会 temple fair
爆竹 firecracker
年画（traditional)New Year pictures
压岁钱 New Year gift-money
舞龙dragon dance
元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings
花灯 festival lantern
灯谜 lantern riddle
舞狮 lion dance
踩高跷 stilt walking
赛龙舟 dragon boat race
胡同hutong
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山东菜 Shandong cuisine 川菜 Sichuan cuisine 粤菜 Canton cuisine 扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine 月饼 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油条 deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed buns 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck 拉面 hand-stretched noodles 馄饨 wonton(dumplings in soup)豆腐 tofu? bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 烧饼 clay oven rolls 皮蛋 100-year egg;century egg 蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg 糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks 火锅hot pot 长城 the Great Wall of China 烽火台 beacon tower 秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda 丝绸之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山"Wutai Mountain 九华山 Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei 泰山 Mount Tai 黄山 Mount Huangshan;the Yellow Mountain 故宫 the Imperial Palace 天坛 the Temple of Heaven 午门 Meridian Gate 大运河 Grand Canal 护城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall 居庸关 Juyongguan Pass 九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall 黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 苏州园林 Suzhou gardens 西湖 West Lake
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九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 布达拉宫Potala Palace 鼓楼 drum tower 四合院 quadrangle;courtyard complex 孔庙 Confucius Temple 乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha 十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛Lama 英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会
多元文化论 cultural pluralism
文化适应 acculturation
社会保障 social security
班车 shuttle bus
相定迁户 a relocated unit or household
大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age
独生子女 the only child in a family
单亲 single parent
福利彩票 welfare lotteries
家政服务 household management service
民工 migrant laborers
名人 celebrity
农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers
青春期 puberty
全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign
全国人口普查 nationwide census
社会保险 social insurance
暂住证 temporary residence permit/card
青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency
性骚扰 sexual harassment
走私 smuggling
*性别歧视 gender/sexual discrimination
年龄歧视 age discrimination
工作歧视 job discrimination
享乐主义hedonism
文盲 illiteracy
贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor
盗版 pirated/illegal copies
一国两制 One Country, Two Systems
三个代表 the Three Represents Theory
两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences(NPC and CPPCC)
南南合作 South-South Cooperation
南北对话 North-South Dialog
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人大常委会 People’s Congress Standing Committee 法制观念 awareness of law 法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system 改革开放 reform and opening-up 公务员 civil servants 官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work 和谐并存 harmonious coexistence 计划生育 family planning 计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning 4青才申文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization 居委会 neighborhood committee 科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展 sustainable development 廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency 两岸关系 cross-straits relations 两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations 领 土完整 territorial integrity 民族精神 national spirit 普选制 general election system 求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences 人大代表NPC member 物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization 小康社会 a well-off society 小康水平a well-off standard 一个中国原则 the one-China principle 与时俱进 keep pace with the times 综合国力 overall national strength 共同愿望common desire “走出去”（战略）going global 不结盟 non-alignment 单边主义 unilateralism 多边政策 multilateralism 多极世界 multipolar world 人 口 老龄化 aging of population 人口出生率birth rate 社区月服务 community service 道德法庭 court of ethics 盗用公款embezzlement 成人夜校 night school for adults 在职进修班 on-job training courses 政治思想教育 political and ideological education 毕业生分酉己 graduate placement;assignment of graduate 充电 update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town 大学社区 college community
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高等教育 higher education 高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of(liberal)arts 理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院 teachers’ college;normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities 高考(university/college)entrance examination 高校扩招 the college expansion plan 教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 课外活动 extracurricular activities 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program;syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学分 credit 启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange 人才战 competition for talented people 商务英语证书 Business English Certificate(BEC)适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade;enrollment rate 英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国经济
总需求 aggregate demand
总供给 aggregate supply
企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture
企业形象 corporate image(Cl);enterprise image
跨国公司 cross-national corporation
创业精神 enterprising spirit;pioneering spirit
外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise
猎头公司head-hunter
假日经济 holiday economy
人力资本human capital
航空和航天工业aerospace industry
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飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业 electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry 娱乐业 entertainment industry 信息产业 information industry 知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业 light industry 博彩业 lottery industry 制造业 manufacturing industry 垄断行业 monopoly industries 市场多元化 market diversification 市场经济 market economy 市场监管 market supervision 购买力 purchasing power 熊市 bear market 牛市 bull market 城镇化 urbanization 房地产 real estate 首付 down-payment 业主 home owner 个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 经济全球化 economic globalization 经济特区 special economic zones(SEZ)经济增长 economic growth 泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff 纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy 货币投放量 the size of money supply 流动性过剩excess liquidity 经济过热 overheated economy 通货膨胀inflation 抑制通货膨胀curb inflation 注入流动性 to inject liquidity 贴现率 discount rate 存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio(RRR)公开市场业务 open market operation(OMO)逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement;reverse repo 引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level 稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy 微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy 硬着陆 hard landing 软着陆 soft landing 二十国集团 Group of Twenty(G2O)财政部长 Finance Minister 全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year
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经济活力 economic vitality 大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package 结构改革 structural reform 硬资产 hard assets 软资产 soft assets 有形资产 tangible assets 经济走廊 economic corridor 整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order 反垄断 antitrust;anti-monopoly 定价浮动 price fluctuations 谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit 债务审计audit of debt 地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability 公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system 债务管理 debt management 信用支持 credit support 英语四级翻译中的基本句型：
1.否定句型
1)部分否定: all/ every/ both/ always etc.+ not
2)完全否定: no/ none/ nobody/ nothing/ nowhere/ neither/ never etc.+ 谓语
3)双重否定:
S + cannot + refrain from/ help + doing;忍不住…, 控制/ 抑制不住….S + cannot + but/ choose but/ help but + do;不得不, 只好….There be no + S + but <是关系代词> + 谓语.Eg.There is no rule but has its exceptions.2.判断句型:
1)强调判断句: S + be + no/ none + other than + 表语----
不是别的…, 正是 ….;
Nothing but/ other than …;
It is ….that ….2)正反判断句: not A but B;not that… but that ….;
not … because …., but because ….3)比较判断句: more A than B;less B than A;A rather than B;not so much A as B
Eg.It wasn’t so much the clothes as the man himself who impressed us immediately.立刻给我们以深刻印象的与其说是衣服还不如说是这人本身.3.倍数表示句型
1)S + be/ v.+ 倍数 + that of 被比较的对象;
+ n.+ as + adj./ adv./ n.+ as..;
+ 比较级 + than …
Eg.☆ China is twenty times the size of Japan.☆ This year our factory has turned out three times as many bicycles as it did 10 years ago.☆ The floor space of the new building is twice that of the old one.第8页，共10页
☆ The yield of wheat in 1996 was four times greater than that of 1966.☆ Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need.4.比较句型:
☆ as ….as…;more/ less than….No more/ less than ….;
☆
Would rather / sooner do A than do B
5.程度句型:
☆ so/ such … + that – clause;
☆ so/ such … as to do …;
☆ too ….to do …
6.倒装让步句型: as 表示 “虽然, 尽管” 时, 用倒装结构.☆ 表语 + as + S + be, + 主句;
☆ 副词/ 动词 + as + S , + 主句
Eg.☆ Child/ Young as he is, he knows much bout the world.☆ Try as we might, we could not accomplish it.7.作形式主语的常见句型:
☆ It is adj./ vi./ n./ done that ……
Eg.It’s possible/ It turns out/ It’s a pity/ It’s said that …..虚拟语气：
在英语四级汉译英考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：
（一）：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子
(1).与现在的事实相反：[If---+ were/did---,---+ would do---]
If I were you , I would marry him.如果我是你,就会嫁给他。
(2).与过去的事实相反：[If---+ had done---,---+would have done---]
If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。
(3).与将来的事实可能相反：[If---+ should do---,---+ would do---]
If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ?
如果明天下雨,你怎么办?
（二）用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中
从句谓语形式为：“---(should)+ do sth”(在美语中should常省去)。
类似用法的动词有： insist(坚持), suggest(建议), order(命令), propose(建议), demand(要求), command(命令), advise(建议), desire(要求请求), request(请求), require(需要、要求), ask(要求), prefer(宁愿), recommend(推荐), arrange(安排), advocate(拥护、提倡),maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。
（三）用在“It + be + important(,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等)+ that---”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中
（四）用在It is time that---结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。
It is time(that)we went to bed.咱们该睡觉了。
注意: time 前可加about(表示“大约”)或high(表示“强调”)等。
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第四篇：四级高频词汇总结
四级高频词汇总结
社会热点
civil service examinations公务员考试
shanzhai culture“山寨”文化
self-employment自主创业
juvenile delinquency青少年犯罪
grateful感恩
information security信息安全
shortage of power缺电
shopping by media媒体购物
job-hopping跳槽
housing problem住房问题
pay attention to social morality讲究社会公德
fake diplomas假文凭
child abuse虐待儿童
cause alarm and attention引起警惕和关注
aging of population人口老龄化
rush into the city冲进城市
to pay by installments分期付款
unemployment失业
pose a threat to构成威胁
traffic light交通灯
residential area住宅区
slums贫民区 文化教育
diploma文凭
first-rate facilities一流的设施
pre-school education学前教育
educational system教育体制
dropout student失学儿童
expand your horizons开阔视野
compulsory education义务教育
eliminate illiteracy扫盲
integrate with other people与人交往
interpersonal skill人际交往能力
education for all-round development素质教育
educational expert教育专家
impart knowledge and educate people教书育人
rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation科教兴国
teach students according to their aptitude因材施教
be exposed to new ideas/experience接触各种新思想/新体验
broaden one’s outlook/expand one’s mental horizons开阔眼界
give full play to one’s ability充分发挥能力 校园生活
Part-time job兼职工作
economic burden经济负担
working experience工作经历
competition and cooperation竞争与合作
tuition学费
course arrangement课程安排
extracurricular activities课外活动
distance education远程教育
required course/compulsory course必修课
take an examination参加考试
live outside campus住在校外
food services饮食
application form申请表
withdraw/draw cash取钱
instructor辅导老师
student union学生会
undergraduate本科生
postgraduate研究生
credit学分
degree学位 体育健康
lung cancer肺癌
smoking-related diseases抽烟引起的疾病
lose weight减肥
go on a diet节食
under the weather生病、不舒服
flight-headed头昏眼花
drowsy昏昏欲睡
flu流感
epidemics瘟疫
rampant猖獗的
contract infections得传染病
pick up the habit养成这种习惯
physical and mental condition身体与精神状态
overweight/fat肥胖的
mentally unhealthy精神不健全的 be good for/do good to对??有益处
good living habits良好的生活习惯
take regular exercise进行有规律的运动
unhealthy eating habit不健康的饮食习惯
junk food垃圾食品
stay/keep healthy/fit保持健康
build up one’s body/improve one’s health强身健体 生态环境
population growth人口增长
global warming全球变暖
depletion of the ozone layer臭氧层变薄
air pollution空气污染
water pollution水污染
noise pollution噪音污染
endangered species濒临灭绝的物种
renewable resources可再生资源
protect forest resources保护森林资源
environmental racism环境歧视
energy production能源制造
ecological balance生态平衡
exert a disastrous effect on产生灾难性的影响
petroleum石油
pursue one’s short-term interest追求眼前利益
solar energy太阳能
habitat destruction and species extinction居住环境破坏与物种灭绝
for the future generations/for our descendants 为了子孙后代
raw materials原料 网络科技
cyber culture计算机文化
online love affairs网恋
net bar网吧
shopping online网上购物
cyber chat网上聊天
virtual net虚拟网络
net partner网友
surf on the Internet网上冲浪
net citizen网民
cyberspace网络空间
cyber college网络大学
convenient and effective方便有效
e-bank电子银行
kill time打发时间
information security信息安全
the popularity of computer电脑的普及
be addicted to对??上瘾
campus network校园网络
release one’s pressure减轻压力
e-mail电子邮箱 社会道德
reform vt。/n。改革，改造
【考】welfare reform福利改革
【例】They reformed the voting system他们改革了投票制度【派】reformer n。改革者reformism n。改革主义 demonstrate vt。展示，论证;vi。举行示威游行【考】demonstrate against游行反对…【派】demonstration n。示威 inspect vt。检查，视察
【考】inspect sth/sb for检查，察看【派】inspector n。检查员inspection n。检查 interfere vi。干涉，介入
【考】interfere in/with干扰，妨碍
appease vt平息
【例】There was a clever attempt to appease the people。这是平息人们怒火的好方法。
reconcile vt使协调，使和解【考】reconcile to使顺从于 commit vt犯(错误、罪行)，使承诺，把…托付【考】commit suicide自杀commit oneself使承担义务 be committed to sth。致力于…
verify vt核实，查对
【例】Bill’s statement was verified by several witnesses 吉姆被裁定有罪，同时也被免去了军衔。strip vt剥夺，脱去…的衣服
【例】Jim was found guilty and stripped of his rank。比尔的陈述得到了几位目击者的证实。investigate vt。调查，研究
【例】Police were investigating the cause of an explosion 警方正在调查一起爆炸事件的起因。
【派】investigation n。调查 depend vi。依靠的，依赖的 【考】depend on sb。依靠，依赖
【派】dependent a。依靠的be dependent on sb。依赖某人
resist vt。抵制
【例】Many people resist change。很多人不喜欢变化。【派】resistant a。抵制的;resistance n。抵制 contemporary a当代的n当代人
【例】contemporary literature当代文学 moral a道德的
【例】moral sense道德观moral standard道德标准【派】morality n。道德moralism n。道德教育 native a出生的，当地的 【考】native speaker说母语的人
realistic a现实的，实际可行的
【例】Is that a realistic target?这是一个现实的目标吗? responsible a有责任的 【考】be responsible for sth对某事负责 wicked a邪恶的 【例】The criminal denied that he had done anything wicked 罪犯否认他做过邪恶的勾当。helpless a无助的
【例】the helpless victim无助的受害者 ethic n伦理，道德标准
【例】professional ethics职业道德
guideline n指导原则
guidelines of the employment雇佣的指导方针 rumor n谣言
【例】rumor has it that……有谣言声称 immigrant n移民
【例】illegal immigrants非法移民 individual n个人a个人的 【例】the welfare of individual个人的福利
【派】individualism n。个体主义individuality n。个性 consequence n后果，结果
【考】negative consequence不良后果 commercial consequence商业后果
【派】consequent a。随之发生的consequently ad。因此 status n地位，身份【例】social status社会地位 population n人口
【例】the density of population人口的密度 crime n犯罪
【例】commit crime犯罪
abuse n虐待，滥用
【例】drug abuse吸毒，child abuse虐待孩童【派】abusive a。辱骂的 gang n一帮，一伙
【例】a gang of robbers一群强盗【派】gangster黑帮 文化艺术
civilizevt.使文明;使开化
派：civilization n.文明，文化
inspirevt.鼓舞，激起;给…以灵感
考：inspire sb.with sth./inspire sth.in sb.激起某人的…,使某人产生…
派：inspiring a.鼓舞人心的;inspiration灵感;inspired a.受灵感启示的 compose vt.组成，构成;创作，为…谱曲;使平静
考：be composed of由…组成;composeoneself to do sth.静下心来做某事
派：composition n.作品;composite a.混合的n.合成物
drawvt.画，描绘;拖vi.(向某方向)移动n.平局;抽签
考：draw near临近，来临;draw on利用;临近draw in(汽车或火车)到站;draw up起草;(使)停住;
represent vt.作为…的代表;表示;描绘
派：representation n.表现;代表;representational a.表象的;representative n.代表a.(of)有代表性的
convert vt.(使)转变，(使)转化;(使)改变信仰(或态度等)
派：conversion n.转变;皈依
preach vt.宣讲(教义)，布道;竭力鼓吹vi.布道，说教
modify vi.修改，更改;(语法上)修饰
派：modification n.更改，修正
concrete a.实在的，具体的，混凝土制的n.混凝土
例：concrete evidence具体的证据
relevant a.有关的，切题的 考：be relevant to与…有关
派：relevance n.有关，相关;irrelevant a.不相关的;不切题的 original a.起初的;新颖的;原版的n.原件，原作
派：originality n.创意，新奇
profound a.深度的，深远的;知识渊博的，见解深刻的;深奥的 派：profoundly ad.深度地
remarkable a.值得注意的，引人注目的;异常的，非凡的 派：remarkably ad.显著地
abstract a.抽象的;抽象派的n.摘要;抽象派艺术作品vt.摘要考：in the abstract抽象地，在理论上派：abstracted a.抽象的;abstraction n.抽象概念，抽象化状态
supplement n.增补(物);增刊vt.增补，补充
派：supplementary a.增补的supplementationn.增补，补充
symbol n.符号
派：symbolize v.象征;symbolic a.象征的;符号的
orchestra n.管弦乐队
派：orchestral a.管弦乐的;orchestrationn.管弦乐编曲
rhythm n.节奏，韵律
派：rhythmical a.有韵律的，有节奏的
tune n.曲调，曲子;vt.为(乐器)调音;调整，调解
考：in tune(with)(与...)一致;out of tune调不准，走调，不协调;tune in(to)收看，收听
architect n.建筑师，设计师，缔造者
派：architecture n.建筑，建筑学;architectural a.建筑上的 religion n.宗教;宗教信仰
例：the Islamic religion伊斯兰教
派：religious a.宗教的，虔诚的 belief n.相信，信任;信念;想法
考：in the belief that希望;beyondbelief难以相信;shake one’s belief改变某人的想法;have great belief in sb.非常信任某人
balcony n.阳台
bolt n.螺栓，插销vt.栓vi.逃跑
考：nuts and bolts具体细节a bolt from/out of the blue晴天霹雳，意外事件
conjunction n.结合，联合;连(接)词
考：in conjunction with与…共同
tone n.腔调，语气;音调;色调vt.增强
考：tone down(使)缓和，柔和;tone up增强
sketch n.草图;梗概;素描v.素描
考：sketch out简要地叙述
派：sketching n.草图
pursuit n.追求，追赶 [常pl.](花时间和精力的)事，消遣
考：in hot pursuits穷追不舍
literature n.文学;文献，图书资料
例：romantic literature浪漫主义文学
gallery n.美术馆，画廊;(议会等的)旁听席
例：an art gallery一间艺术画廊;the publicgallery旁听席
人类情感
overcome vt战胜，克服
例：overcome difficulties克服困难
annoy vt使烦恼，使恼怒
派：annoying a 令人恼人的;annoyance n 烦恼;
annoyed a 颇为生气的 despair vi 绝望;n 绝望
考：despair of绝望;sb be in despair某人处于绝望中
frustrate vt使沮丧，使灰心
派：frustration n 挫折;frustrating a 令人沮丧的 embarrass vt使窘迫，使尴尬
派：embarrassed a(某人)尴尬的;
embarrassment n 沮丧;embarrassing a(某事)令人尴尬的 envy vt嫉妒，羡慕n 羡慕，嫉妒
neglect vt忽视，忽略n 疏忽，忽视 考：neglect of duty玩忽职守 oppress vt压迫，压制
派：oppressed a 压抑的，受压迫的;oppression n 压迫 admire vt钦佩，赞赏，羡慕
派：admirable a 令人羡慕;admiration n 赞赏，钦佩 restrain vt阻止，控制;抑制，遏止
考：restrain sbfromdoingsth抑制某人做某事 relieve vt使轻松，使宽慰;缓解，减轻
例：relieve pain缓解疼痛;relieveanxiety缓解焦虑 complain vt抱怨，诉苦
考：complain about(of)sb /sth抱怨… 派：complaint n 埋怨
insult vt侮辱，辱骂n 侮辱，凌辱 conscious a 意识到的，自觉的 考：be conscious of意识到
派：consciousness n 知觉;意识unconscious a 无意识的 subconscious a 下意识的self-consciousnessn自我，自觉 intense a 激烈的，紧张的
例：intense competition激烈的竞争 intense feelings激烈的情感
派：intensity n 强度;intensive a 密集的 eager a 热切的，渴望的
考：eager to do sth渴望做某事 optimistic a 乐观(主义)的
考：be optimistic about sth对…乐观 positive a 确实的，明确的，积极的 考：positive effect积极作用 negative a 负面的，消极的
panic n 恐慌，慌乱vi 使恐慌，使惊慌失措
例：The crowd paniced at the sound of the explosion 爆炸声一响，人群便惊慌起来 jealous a 嫉妒的，猜忌的 考：be jealous of sth对…嫉妒
upset vt使心烦意乱;a 心烦的，苦恼的;n不安 考：sth upset sb某事使某人心烦意乱 sb be upsetaboutsth某人对某事苦恼 派：upsetting a 令人心烦意乱的 sympathetic a 同情的，体谅的 考：be sympathetic to/with同情
派：sympathize v体谅;sympathy n 同情 concern n 关切的事;关心;关系
例：be concerned about/with/to对…很关心 hatred n 憎恶，憎恨
affection n 喜爱，感情，爱慕之情
派：affectionate a 爱的，挚爱的 passion n 激情，热情，酷爱
派：passionate a 激情的
preference n 喜爱，偏爱，优先(权)
派：prefer vt倾向于
stress n 压力，紧张
派：stressful a 紧张的 gratitude n 感激，感谢
派：grateful a 感激的 医学药物
disable vt。使无能力;使残废 transplant vt。移植
【记】trans(转移)+plant(种植)=移植【派】transplantation n。移植 prescribe v。开处方【派】prescription n。处方 diagnose vt。诊断、判断【派】diagnosis n。诊断
soothe vt。安慰、使平静、减轻、缓和
【例】This medicine should smooth your sore throat。这种药会减轻你的喉痛。
alleviate vt。减轻、缓和、缓解 【例】alleviate pain缓解疼痛 expire vi。断气、(期限)终止
【例】My driving licence expires next month。我的驾照下个月到期。chronic a。慢性的 【考】chronic diseases慢性疾病 dizzy a。头晕目眩的 resistant a。有抵抗力的、抵抗的【派】resistance n。抵抗、阻力 immune a。免疫的，不受影响的 【派】be immune to免于，不受影响的
be immune from免除的 disorder n。混乱、失调
【例】economic disorder经济
【记】dis(否定前缀)+ order(秩序)discomfort n。不适 syndrome n。综合症【考】AIDS艾滋病
(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)handicap n。缺陷、障碍【派】handicapped a。有缺陷的【派】disabled a。伤残的
strain n。拉紧、过劳、扭伤vt。拉伤、使紧张vi。尽力 【派】restrained vt。抑制，遏制;管制，surgeon n。外科医生
【派】surgery n。外科、外科手术 physician n。内科医生
pregnancy n。怀孕、怀孕期【派】 pregnant a。怀孕的 remedy n。治疗法、补救办法 bacteria n。细菌
stress n。压力
【派】stressful a。有压力的 absent-minded n。心不在焉的医生给她注射以减轻疼痛。bandage n。绷带 stroke n。中风
pharmacy n。药房、药店、药剂学、配药 capsule n。胶囊、航天舱、密封舱【例】a space capsule太空舱 pill n。药片【例】take pills服药 tablet n。药片
scar n。伤疤、创伤v。留下伤痕
工作职业
employ vt。雇佣;使用
【考】in the employ of受雇于【派】employer n。雇主;employee n。雇员
employment n。雇佣，工作unemployment n。失业 qualify vt。(使)胜任，(使)具有资格
【考】qualify for sth。使具有…的资格
【派】qualification n。资格，条件;qualified a。有资格的 assign vt。指派，选派;分配，布置(作业)【派】assignment作业
undertake vt。承担，着手做;保证，同意 【考】undertake sth。从事…
【派】undertaking n。事业，任务
occupy vt。使忙碌，使从事;占领，占用
【派】occupation n。职业;occupant n。居住者;occupancy n。占有 exert vt。用力;运用，发挥，施加
【考】exert oneself努力，尽力;exert all one’s strength尽某人全力【派】exertion n。努力;发挥，行使 alter vt。改变;修改衣服
【派】alternation n。改变，变更;unaltered a。未被改变的，不变的;alternative n。替换物，选择
resign vi。辞职vt。辞去，放弃;使顺从 【考】resign from辞职resign to使顺从
equal a。胜任的，合格的;平等的vt。等于 【考】be equal to相等的;胜任的，合适的 【派】equally ad。相等地;equality n。同等，平等 inferior a。劣等的;下级的n。下级，下属
【考】be inferior to sth。/sb。比…差，不如…
【派】inferiority n。下级;自卑感 capable a。有能力的【考】be capable of能够 brilliant a。卓越的;光辉的
【派】brilliantly ad。辉煌地，灿烂地
auxiliary a。辅助的，补助的;附属的;备用的 【例】the auxiliary generator备用发电机
vacant a。空着的;(职位、工作等)空缺的;(神情)茫然的 【派】vacancy n。空处，空缺 enterprise n。企业，事业【考】joint enterprise合资企业
【例】with enterprise and creativity事业心和创造力 hunt n。/v。寻找;打猎;追捕
【派】hunter n。猎人job-hunter找工作的人
【考】hunt down对…穷追到底;go hunting打猎;hunt for寻找 interview n。面试 candidate n。候选人
resume n。简历;摘要v。(中断后)重新开始，恢复 【派】resumption n。重新开始
ability n。本事，能力;才能
【考】to the best of one’s ability尽某人最大努力;the ability to do sth。从事(某事)的能力 grasp n。/vt。理解，领会;抓紧，抓牢【考】within sb。’s grasp为某人所能及的【例】grasp opportunities抓住机会
commitment n。承诺，保证;献身;承担的义务 【例】the commitment of the staff员工的义务
grind n。苦差事vt。磨;压迫vi。磨擦得吱吱作响
【考】grind for an exam用功准备考试;grind out生拼硬凑地写出 grind away at English studies刻苦攻读英语;【派】grinder磨工
strain n。过度劳累，极度紧张;扭伤vt。扭伤;拉紧vi。尽力 【考】mental strain精神紧张
interval n。间隔，间距;幕间(或工间)休息
【考】at intervals不时;相隔一定距离
subordinate n。部属，下级a。下级的，次要的vt。使处于次要地位，使从属于【考】be subordinate to次要的，从属的 deputy n。副职，副手;代表，代理人【考】deputy mayor副市长
freelance n。自由职业者，独立行动的人a。自由职业者的 prospect n。前途，(成功等的)可能性v。勘探，勘察 【考】prospect for勘探，勘察
【派】prospective a。未来的prospector n。勘探者，采矿者
allowance n。津贴，补贴，零用钱
【考】make allowance(s)for考虑到，顾及;体谅;原谅 seal n。印，图章;封印，封条;海豹vt。(密)封【考】seal off封闭，封锁;break the seal拆封【派】sealed密封的 deadline n。最后期限 天灾人祸
emerge vi.浮现;(问题)发生，暴露 【考】emerge from浮现【例】 emerging market新兴市场
【派】emergence n.形成，出现;emergency n.紧急情况 collapse vi.倒塌;崩溃，突然失败;
【例】 The roof collapsed suddenly.屋顶突然塌了。
infect vt.传染;影响
【例】get infected受感染
【派】infection n.感染
wreckvt.毁坏;使…失事;n.失事，残害;精神身体垮掉的人 【例】a plane wreck飞机失事
【派】wreckage n.残骸
spread vt.展开;散布，蔓延;涂;n.传播，蔓延 【考】spread out散开伸张，延伸
【例】the rapid spread of cholera霍乱的迅速蔓延 claim vt.声称，索取，提出要求;(灾难)使死亡n.索赔【考】lay claim to声称对…由权利;claim for要求【例】Wenchuan Earthquake has claimed 60,000 people.汶川地震夺走60,000人的生命.survive vi.幸存;逃出
【例】 The miners survived in the mine accident 矿工在矿井事故中幸存下来.【派】survival n.存活survivor n.幸存者 injure vt.伤害，损伤
【例】He was badly/severely injured.他受重伤 do sb/oneself an injury使受伤害【派】injury n.伤害
transmit vt.传播，发射;传送，传染
【例】 The disease is transmitted among people.疾病在人群中蔓延.【派】transmission n.传播 rescue vt.n.营救，救援
【考】come to one’s rescue拯救…
【例】 Survivors were rescued by helicopter.生还者被直升机营救.donate vt.捐赠，赠送
【例】 to donate money/blood捐款/鲜血【派】 donation n.donator n.捐赠人 accidental a.意外的，偶然的
【例】accidental damage意外损伤
【派】accident n.事故，意外;accidentally ad.意外地 miserable a.痛苦的，悲惨的，可怜的【例】 a miserable cold重感冒【派】misery n.痛苦
fatal a.致命的，灾难性的;重大的 【例】 fatal mistake重大的过失
vulnerable a.易受伤的，脆弱的;难防御的
【例】 vulnerable financial system脆弱的金融体系
voluntary a.自愿，主动地
【例】 voluntary contribution自愿捐款
【派】 volunteer n./vi.志愿者volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事 disaster n.灾难，大祸;彻底失败
【例】 Oil spill is a disaster.漏油是大灾难.【派】disastrous a.灾难性的 famine n.饥荒
【例】 The famine triggered wars.饥荒引起了很多战争.destruction n.破坏，毁灭
【例】 The Amazon reforest will be damaged to destruction.亚马逊丛林将会被破坏殆尽.【派】destructive a.破坏性的，毁灭性的 refugee n.难民
【例】 a refugee camp难民营
strap n.带，皮带vt.用带扣住;用绷带包扎【例】
to strap the wound包扎伤口 foundation n.基础;基金会;建立
【例】 educational foundations教育基金会 welfare n.福利;福利救济
【例】 social welfare社会福利
flame n.火焰【例】 burst into flame猛烈的燃烧 【派】flaming a.燃烧的 drought n.干旱，旱灾
【例】 to combat the drought抗旱
collision n.碰撞;冲突
【例】 accidental collision意外碰撞 charity n.救济金，施舍;慈善(团体)【考】 out of charity处于仁慈之心【例】 a charity perfomance义演【派】 charitable a.仁爱的,慈爱的 shelter n.遮蔽处;保护vt.庇护;躲避【例】 a homeless shelter收容所【派】sheltered a.遮蔽的，受庇护的 hazard n.危害vt.冒风险，试着做【例】 hazard one’s life冒生命危险【派】hazardous a.危险的，冒险的
第五篇：英语四级作文经典句型总结
英语四级作文经典句型总结
一至七条为图表句型.2(…to level off(vi.)
一(上升增长 eg.After a steady decline for a whole decade, the …rate shows signs of leveling off.1(…add up to… 增加了 注意: eg.The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14%)in 1994.修饰起伏或稳定状态的副词有: almost fairly 可以用于表达起伏，稳定状态的句子中的词组或句型: 2(to jump to / to soar to…… 一跃达到/ 猛增到…
eg.The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.the general situation was not worsening show indications of improvement 3(…an increase of about…percent as compared with…… 与…相比大约增加了…
eg.In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.it can be predicted that…
4(…to experience an increase/incline …有了增长 eg.The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.eg.The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in … eg.Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.二(下降，减少 五(成正比，反比 1(… 1(…to sink/drop/reduce to… 减少到… be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与…成正比/反比
eg.The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.eg.Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.2(…to experience a decrease/decline …有了减少 六(占百分之几，几分之几
eg.Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease.注意: 1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之…
修饰上升/减少的副词有: eg.Women comprise more than 50% of the U.S.population.rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升/减少的最后状态的词有: eg.Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10% 2(…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的1/2,1/3,1/4 三(起伏 eg.Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.1(…to go up and down …起伏不定 3(…account for…percent 占百分之几 eg.The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.eg.……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of…
七(2(There be ups and downs …有起有伏 倍数
A be …times as much/many as B eg.Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in(某方面).1(四(稳定 eg.The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.1(…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持稳定，几乎不变 2(A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的两倍，一半，三倍
eg.The rate of …remained steady(fairly level/almost unchanged)during the four years from 1963 to 1967.eg.The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year.1 附一 圆盘比例型图表 例: 一个圆盘显示了大学生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的开销，它们各自占的 7.enhance the awareness of people that…
比例依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描叙这个圆盘图。8.The first nut for us to crack is… 我们首先要解决的是……。[比The first thing we should do is … 句型 高级的多，精彩的多，生动的多] 描述: 9.……as soon as possible [常见句型] The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total.Clothes and entertainment each 10.sth.be of the utmost importance [ be of n.结构，比sth.be much important好] takes up 10%.5% goes to transportation and 3% books.All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items.十(方式，比较
总结写作模式: 1.(Just)as …, so… 正如… [ 比较句型 ] …pie chart consists of…segments, the largest one representing…,which accounts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to….All the eg.Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of gases.rest…, …of all,……..2.in much the same way/manner that… 正如…, 和…一样
八.原因结果 eg.The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do.1….(结果)…, owing to(原因)[owing to 为分词结构] 十一.让步 2….(结果)…, attributable to(原因)[attributable to为形容词短语] 1.now that …… 既然…… [让步从句] 3… eg.Now that the decision has been made, we must try our best to carry it out..(结果)lie in the fact that(原因)[ 同位语从句 ] 2.unless…not… [ 让步从句] 4….(结果)result from(原因)[句型一般] 5.It is precisely because(原因)…that(导致结果)… [强调结构] eg.It is a vicious cycle and unless you consider these social, economic and environmental problems in one context, you are not serious about 6.…, as a result, …(导致结果)… [as a result做插入语] meeting the challenges.[注意例句中的consider sth.in one context句型:把什么事情放在一起加以综合考虑] 7.(原因)be responsible for(结果)[常见句型] 十二.强调句 8.(原因)，which in turn(结果)1.only [既是强调句,又是倒装句] eg.They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic.eg.Only in this way can you hope to improve the present situation.九(采取措施，提出建议 2.It is …that… 1.My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows.In the first place,….Secondly,….Finally,… [常见句型] eg.It is because he was too careless that he failed in the exam.2.If we let the situation go as it is, ….By that time, ….如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么……。3.nothing but 只不过;只有…
到那个时候，……。[比较好的句型] eg.If what we have been striving for is nothing but pleasure-seeking, our nation will be deprived of the right to rise.(这里nothing but 可以去掉,不
3.More and more people are realizing the importance of…[进行时态，more and more比many好] 影响句意,但有了nothing but,就强调了后面的名词)4.Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do …[ 被动语态，due attention 和be paid to 搭配] 十三.假设
5.If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果(我们怎么怎么做)，那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。[条件句，反问句] 1.Supposing……, it is likely that….假设…, 那么很可能… [假设, 虚拟语态] 6.It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智)for sb.to do sth.[It is …for …to do…句型] eg.Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc.from an 2 advertisement.3.more than you can… 远超过你…
十四.反问 eg.The situation is very abominable more than you can stand.环境非常恶劣,你无法忍受.1.What else can …? …………还能做什么呢? 十八.论相互关系 eg.What else can the poor parents do but obey? 这些可怜的家长除了听从外还能做什么呢? 1.A have much(nothing)to do with B 2.How could ……? 怎能….2.A be closely related to B
eg.How could I put the English books aside to read pastime books? 3.A be directly bound up with B 十五.比较 4.a definite link between …and…
1.A is to B what X is to Y.A对于B 就象X对于Y 十九.直陈观点 eg.Food is to man what oil is to machines.1.more than…can 简直不,无法,难以…
2.……more…, less… eg.The beauty of the city is more than I can describe.eg.The closer to Christmas, the crazier they get;they become more agitated, less patient.2.beyond description 无法描述
eg.The beauty of the city is beyond description.十六.否定 3.There is no point(use)in doing… …是没有任何意义的.1.双重否定 not uncommon = common平常的,普通的 4.The first nut for us to crack is … 我们首先要解决的问题是…
not unusual = usual平常的，通常的 5.short-sighted policy 眼光短浅的政策
not inevitable=evitable 可以避免的 6.while ……with one hand, ……with the other.当(我们)一方面…., 而另一方面…
(尽量把要强调的普通的形容词改成双重否定, 为文章多增加亮点)eg.While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.2.by no means 并没有;当然不 7.far from 远离,远远不,非但不 3.no longer/more 不再 eg.Far from taking exception(take exception:反对), no one is even mildly surprised.eg.I am no longer that ignorant girl.8.be bound to 十七.程度 eg.Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education.1.all the more 更加 9.(or)vice-versa 反之亦然
eg.That makes London all the more fascinating, doesn't it? 10.sth.be measured in terms of … sth.用…来衡量
eg.It is all the more surprising therefore that… eg.“success” is measured in terms of freedom from insecurity.2.more than 做副词, 意为 “多过…”, “比…以上”, “比…更” 11….(现象)…, upon which views vary from person to person.eg.I am more than happy to hear from you.12.A be more essential to B.对B来说, A是尤为关键重要的.3 13.Distinguished scientific accomplishment is a matter of opportunity and of continuous and concentrated effort over long years.(很优美的句子,值 1.They are taken prisoners by fame and their achievements turn into a bar to further advance.得借鉴)2.True and deep love of life is the spring from which flow courage, confidence and power.14.from the …point of view 从…角度来看 二十二.副词 eg.From the health point of view 从健康的角度来看 1.admittedly 应当承认: Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures.15.……must be rooted out in order to ….…必须根除以…
eg.Moral corruption must be rooted out in order to preserve the integrity of the state.为了使国家健康发展,必须根除腐败.2.simply 简而言之: 16.…represent only the tip of the iceberg.…….只是冰山一角 The answer is simply money.eg.The most famous stars represent only the tip of the iceberg.3.discreetly 小心谨慎地: 17.The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and point out discreetly that…
social development of humanity.科技的快速发展带给世界生产力和人类经济和社会的发展一个强劲的推动力(2001年****的七.一讲话).4.conceivably 可以想象地: 18.….stand tall and aim far, broaden one's vision and give full play to one's intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of reform, opening-up and Smoking may, conceivably, be harmful.the modernization drive.站的高看的远,开扩自己的视野,在改革开放和现代化建设的大舞台上充分发挥个人才智(2001年****的七.一讲话).(句 5.surely 肯定地:)中很多的词组都是作文中可以运用到的,比如改革开放:reform(and)opening-up等 This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine.19….demonstrate the value of one's life and work hard to achieve feats that will live up to the expectations of the people and the times.证实自己 6.eagerly 渴望地 的人生价值,努力的工作取得成就,而不辜负人民和时代的期望.(出处同上 7.increasingly 不断增长地
20.When asked about…, the overwhelming majority of people say that ….But other people think of … as…./ But I think quite differently.(对报 While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other.刊上某一问题(已有不同的人发表了不同的观点)发表自己的观点)8.honestly: 诚实地: 21.It is generally believed/accepted/held that… 通常认为….the government is honestly concerned about the welfare of its people政府真心实意地关心它的人民的福利 It is no denying the fact that….无可否认… 9.certainly: 当然地 23……… , so…that… As individuals we are certainly weak, but if …作为个人,我们当然是弱小的,但是如果…
eg.The river is very clear, so clear that you can see the fishes coming and going in it.结束语
eg.Everything is covered with a thick layer of dust, so poisonous that all the grass, trees, vegetables and flowers gradually die.这份句型总结,只是包含了大部分的句型结构.对任何人的写作都有一定的帮助.但是请不要完全依赖这份总结.(更多更好的短语,句型需要
.辨证分析 二十自己在阅读中不断积累总结.1.Just as the popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”.From one side,….from the other side,….正如一个谚语所说的, “每个硬币都有两
面(事物都是一分为二的)”.从一方面看……… 从另一方面来看……… 二十一.比喻,拟人 4
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