关于申请比尔及梅琳达盖茨基金会-2012 （精选合集）

第一篇：关于申请比尔及梅琳达盖茨基金会-2012

关于申请比尔及梅琳达盖茨基金会“探索大挑战”项目通知

各位老师、同学：

总金额达一亿美元的“探索大挑战”（Grand Challenges Explorations，简称“GCE”）是盖茨基金会全球发展与健康领域的项目之一。它面向全球征集并资助大胆而非传统性的研究计划，旨在探索和发现突破性的创新方案，从而帮助应对那些给发展中国家人民带来最大伤害、却很少为人所关注的重大疾病和发展问题。

本项目鼓励来自全球各个地区、各个学科、不同年龄的个人或组织提交申请，同时也欢迎非健康领域的个人、团体或企业积极参与。同时，“探索大挑战”最大程度地简化申请流程——申请者只需登录GCE官方网站，在线提交两页纸的英文申请，并不要求提供初步研究数据资料。即使在申请国际资助上没有任何经验的年轻创新者，也可以方便地申请。

探索大挑战(GCE)支持着数百个处于早期阶段的项目——包括许多此前没有机会实践的创意——以及来自广阔学科领域和世界各地的专家。方案一旦入选，即可获得盖茨基金会十万美元的资金支持，有望取得成果的项目还有机会申请第二轮一百万美元的追加资助。

第九轮申请现已启动，本轮征集主题请参阅《比尔及梅琳达盖茨基金会“探索大挑战”项目申请指南》。申请的截止时间为北京时间2012年05月16日凌晨2:30（美国太平洋时间05月15日中午11:30）。

欢迎老师与同学们踊跃申请！

如欲了解探索大挑战更多信息，欢迎访问“探索大挑战”英文官网： http://）的可衡量的进展。（本基金特别关注千年发展目标1，4，5和6号）● 创新的传播机制，将实例，数据以及信息传播给核心受众。

● 能够激励主动参与和协作解决问题的概念。例如游戏，众包项目，以及其他能够使整个领域由单向沟通转向全身心参与的项目。

● 能够使挑战及其解决手段更加人性化的革命性手段，并把提供援助和接受援助的社区联结起来。

有下列情况的项目我们不考虑资助

● 与本基金会的全球健康（http://www.xiexiebang.com/global-health/Pages/overview.aspx）与全球发展目标（http://www.xiexiebang.com/global-development/Pages/overview.aspx）不符合的项目

● 仅有方案文本，缺乏强健的行动规划支持。

● 针对具体灾害应急响应、个体捐助、以及紧急救援的项目。● 没有对解决当前传播问题具有清洗目标的基础性研究

● 纯粹的行为矫正或教育项目。（例如，培训项目，奖学金，教育项目等）● 纯粹的基础设施或能力建设措施。

● 将基金经费指定用于游说活动的项目（例如，试图影响立法或立法行动）或试图影响公职选举的。

我们如何评估申请

我们将根据下列规则来评估申请：

● 响应主题：申请书有无针对主题所涉及的问题？请注意上文所列举的我们不赞助的情况。

● 创造性：申请书是否为解决主题所涉问题提出了非传统的或者富有创意的方案？申请书是否描述了其计划与现有手段的不同之处，有否提出新的考察标准，有否预设一个衡量成功与否的合理目标？

四、本期主题——探索抗疟疾化合物的新途径

机遇：

通过对数百万有专利保护以及公共资源的化合物进行广泛的高通量筛选，研究人员已发现数千种对红内期疟原虫（Plasmodium falciparum）明确有抑制性功能的抗疟疾化合物。为了促进对抗疟疾药物的进一步开发，这些化合物的结构和相关说明已在文献和公共数据库中向公众开放。最近，抗疟疾药物基金会（MMV）从圣裘德儿童研究医院、诺华公司和葛兰素-史克公司的化学药品资料库中选取了400种化合物，建立了一个可供进一步研究使用的“疟疾信息库”（“Malaria Box”: www.xiexiebang.com/malariabox），信息库中包含有200种类药物化合物，这些可以作为研发口服药物的基础，以及200种类探针化合物，作为生物工具使用可以代表最广泛的化学多样性。

这代表着全球传染性疾病研究领域里的一个史无前例的契机：大量的化学生物信息和药物研究的早期信息可以共享，并服务于新一代抗疟疾药物的开发，这对于实现消灭疟疾的目标至关重要。

我们在寻求：

本主题的目标在于资助非传统的、革新性的途径、方法和检验手段，用于对抗疟疾化合物的分析、定性和排序，并为研发新一代疟疾药物收集更多信息。我们希望能够鼓励研究者开发和使用创新的生物、化学、计算机学和系统性的方法来筛选抗疟疾化合物，从而实现对目前公开的抗疟疾化合物信息库利用的最大化，促进化合物的选择与开发。很多征集来的方法也许能应用于更广泛的药物研发领域，我们鼓励研究者整合为实现本主题目标而应用的新工具和新方法，应用创新思维，使得这些新方法能够服务于发展中国家并满足其需求。

为了初步检验你的研究设想，访问抗疟疾化合物数据库的权限需要进行申请。抗疟疾药物基金会将向成功的申请者开放“疟疾数据包”，而对于那些确实需要分析更大规模化合物库的项目，葛兰素-史克公司将对其开放拥有13,500种化合物的克雷斯坎托斯抗疟疾化合物数据库（TCAMS）。当然，获得这些化合物数据库使用权限的研究者，也必须公开其研究结果。

需要额外专家支持、工具和/或科研辅助以达到其研究目标的申请者，可以在项目的第二期（定义见探索大挑战官方网站（“Grand Challenges Explorations website”: www.xiexiebang.com/Explorations/Pages/Introduction.aspx））申请和葛兰素-史克公司克雷斯坎托斯开放实验室（“GlaxoSmithKline Tres Cantos Open Lab”: www.xiexiebang.com）建立合作关系。

请注意：撰写项目申请书，请勿联系抗疟疾药物基金会和/或葛兰素-史克公司。请慎重考虑与本主题目标不符的研究活动（见下文“有以下情况的项目我们不考虑资助”部分）

我们会考虑资助的项目示例：

能够稳健高效地对抗疟疾化合物进行分析、分类和排序的新型疟疾检测流程和技术。能够对多种化合物系列进行综合特征鉴定和排序的新方法，如评估药物作用速度，协同作用，确认新的脚手架蛋白，或是确定抗疟疾药物的作用机制的新方法。

有以下情况的项目我们不考虑资助：利用药物化学方法优化抗疟疾化合物，或通过标准药物开发流程（药物分类、初始活性化合物确证或先导化合物优化）提升化合物的类药物性能。

1.Gamo et al.Thousands of chemical starting points for antimalarial lead identification.Nature.2010;465:305-10.2.Guiguemde et al.Chemical genetics of Plasmodium falciparum.Nature.2010;465:311-5.3.https://www.xiexiebang.com/malariabox and at the FAQs page www.xiexiebang.com/research-development/malaria-box-faqs 与本主题目标无显著关系的基础研究。5.The malERA Consultative Group on Drugs(2011).A Research Agenda for Malaria Eradication: Drugs.PLoS Med.2011;8.五、本期主题——减少农作物在储存运输过程中的损失

背景：

在发展中国家，不论是在田间还是市场，生物胁迫如病毒、真菌、细菌、杂草、昆虫和其他害虫和病原体都是制约农业生产力发展的一个主要因素。发展中国家从事小型农业生产的农户，无论是在收成前或丰收之后，由于缺少对抗或防范这些生物胁迫的资源，因而最容易受到它们的侵害，甚至遭受毁灭性的农作物损失。

目前，大多数农作物保护策略都包括通过基因改良提高作物抵抗害虫和病原体的能力，或者使用化学制剂驱散害虫。但是在虫害严重的区域，例如撒哈拉以南非洲的热带地区，如果新型农作物改良品种仅有单一来源的基因抗性，往往在贫困农户还没有获得这些改良品种之前或在他们刚刚拿到之后不久，它们的基因抗性就已经不再对生物胁迫起作用了。尽管有些农户的确使用化学除草剂和杀虫剂，但是却没有经过专门的训练，因而导致无效或不安全使用。

对于小型农户来说，在收获季节之后对农作物造成破坏的害虫和病原体给他们造成的打击同样是难以承受的。收货后的损失意味着家中剩余作物无法被卖出，不仅影响了农户们的生计，还迫使他们不得不自己吃完那些被污染的作物。这些限制不光直接冲击着农户家庭自身，也影响到他们所在的社区和国家的粮食安全。

挑战： 本议题的目的是为发展中国家的小型农户寻求变革性的解决方案，帮助他们应对害虫和病原体带来的危害。我们鼓励研究人员和企业家，利用生物学和工程学的新兴信息和工具促进农业发展，并通过重点研究植株、害虫、病菌、杂草、以及/或它们之间的相互作用，找到对现行方法进行革命性变革的途径。提案内无需提供初步数据，而应清晰地证明与体现该提案在创新层面的意义，以及其促成根本变革的潜质。

请注意，申请提案必须与基金会农业发展团队的目标保持一致。因此，我们所寻求的提案应该能够：

 为保护农作物免受生物胁迫提供创新与具有变革性的方案；

 在未来的十到二十年内能大力提高发展中国家小型农户的可持续生产力；  跟目前的作物保护措施相比，提供一种大幅降低成本或提高效率的可能性；  适用于以下一种或多种作物：玉米，小麦，大米，小米，高粱，木薯，红薯，山药，豆，豇豆，鹰嘴豆，花生；  针对某种或某些特定的生物胁迫；  传达一个清晰且可验证的假说。

以下是会被列入考虑的几个范例：  生物、化学和生物化学领域以外的应用方向，包括：工程，物理科学，大气科学，流行病学，计算机科学及其他

 生物防治

 新型分子或基因手段

 创新的作物管理或综合虫害管理措施  用于收获后作物保护的生物和工程解决方案；

 使更广泛的环境可持续性与农作物保护有机衔接的新战略；  其他没有在此强调的应用方向

我们不会考虑资助以下申请：

 针对目前作物保护措施既有的知识与应用所做的渐进式改进；

 不直接与发展中国家相关的提案；

 不适用于下列作物提案：玉米、小麦、大米、小米、高粱、木薯、红薯、山药、豆类、鹰嘴豆和落花生；

 对现今受管制化学品的改良，或开发新的将会被定为受管制化学品的化学配方；  维持型作物育种，例如利用既成的遗传或标准育种技术在已知的种质库里进行性状选择；

 把现有技术转移至新的系统，而未进行创新改良（譬如：把既成的植物抗逆基因插入不同的物种）；

 种子、化学品、资源投入或其他现有技术服务的交付模型；  局限于为展示或宣传现有技术提供推广服务的提案；  缺乏明确目标或创新方法的大规模筛选

 仅针对非生物性胁迫的提案（如干旱，酷热等）。

六、本期主题——设计能优化免疫接种系统的新手段

背景：

预防接种是世界上最具有成本效益的健康干预措施之一。然而，每年有大约两千五百万幼儿并未全面接种疫苗，更有至少两百四十万儿童死于疫苗可预防的疾病。

自从免疫接种计划于20世纪70年代中期在全球中低收入国家开展以来，大多数国家在其免疫规划中都一直使用相同的标准配置，包括六种疫苗：麻疹、破伤风、白喉、百日咳、肺结核和脊髓灰质炎。近十年来，由于疫苗接种对公共健康的影响愈发明显，人们对新疫苗开发越来越感兴趣，投入新疫苗开发和供应的资金大幅增加。在未来十年内，中低收入国家将有机会把许多能够拯救生命的新疫苗引入其标准免疫方案，而在某些情况下，某些国家的免疫方案中所提供疫苗数量将会增加一倍。

对抗麻疹、白喉、破伤风、百日咳及脊髓灰质炎的传统疫苗成本低廉，多在每剂$0.10美元至$0.25美元之间。由于用来发现和开发新疫苗的投资增加，同时有些制造工艺也相当复杂，新疫苗的成本显着增高，从1.00到15.00美元不等。这些增加的成本推动我们需要改变疫苗推介方式。

随着这些新疫苗的引进，许多国家也面临着新的挑战——包括疫苗的供应，以及保证其疫苗接种计划能够普及到新的目标人群。在2010年，一批价值近一百万美元的二十五万剂五价疫苗在某国家的中央仓库放置过期，因为该国用来运输这些疫苗的系统未能准备就绪。另一个国家则被迫推迟引入新疫苗的计划，因为需要将其国家存储系统扩大9倍，才能把该新疫苗加入其免疫接种计划中。因此，中低收入国家必须想办法改善其国家免疫接种计划的物流系统，解决其供应系统所面临的日益沉重的负担。

障碍

中低收入国家在疫苗物流与供应系统上所面临的主要挑战如下：

 新疫苗给中低收入国家的免疫接种计划的物流和供应系统带来多方面的挑战，有些新疫苗可能会占据供应链的冷藏空间，要求更复杂的管理措施，并且其热稳定性可能无法适应中低收入国家具有挑战性的环境。

 现有的疫苗供应系统都是在多年以前设计的，因此，不少系统效率低下，其操作也与其他健康干预的供应系统，和/或私营部门完全隔离。再者，目前也不存在能够持续地监督这些系统以引导必要的调整与改进的机制。

 从国际层面到地区层面，制造商，捐款人，以及在某种程度上甚至各个国家本身都不重视疫苗供应系统所消耗的能源，材料与工序对环境造成的影响。

 当前的信息系统设计并没有采用先进的技术，而这些先进的技术可以帮助指导免疫接种计划的管理者们设计和执行方案战略，从而保证有足够数量的疫苗，以正确的形式满足需求。

 中低收入国家目前的人力资源政策无法保证，在其各级管理机构都有足够数量的、能干、积极、有自主性的人员被授权克服目前免疫接种计划供应系统中新出现的挑战。 尽管免疫接种计划获得了巨大的成功，每五个孩子中仍然有一个孩子得不到基础疫苗的接种。

我们希望寻求到的： 本课题旨在发掘新方法，在资源贫乏的环境中优化疫苗接种计划所需的物流与供应系统的表现。鼓励申请者重新审查用于运输疫苗的系统，设计创新的解决方案优化这些系统的性能。我们所期待的申请提案是，大胆创新且明显区别于当前在调查研究阶段或已经采用的方法。在本课题下提交的解决方案，必须侧重于国家的免疫接种相关的系统的操作性，并且具备在不同环境里规模性复制的潜力。

申请提案中必须包含能够支持提议的强有力的理论基础，表明其对某个国家的情况和需求的清晰理解，提出明确的假设，以及相关计划说明如何测试或验证有关设想。所提议的设想最终必须能够转化为实际的干预措施，且适用于资源有限的情况。

我们鼓励申请人致力于解决以下领域的问题：

1.疫苗产品的特征

o 为了辅助中低收入国家、捐助者、以及采购代理机构在购买疫苗时做出明智的判断与抉择，并优化其疫苗免疫策略规划，设计一系列工具使其能够合理评估某些特定类型的疫苗产品的系统成本和效益，而不是仅仅基于产品的价格。o 成本低，用于药水瓶上的可以显示对高温的累积接触，以及其可经受的最高温度的指示器。

o 能够避免疫苗的意外冷冻，和/或能在储存与使用之时保证已被开封的多剂量疫苗药瓶维持无菌状态的，而无关于该疫苗配方的手段

2.供应系统设计

设计创新的解决方案，使卫生工作者能够轻松地将更多的疫苗送达偏远和交通不便利的地区。譬如：在外展服务中降低对冰块的需求；设计新的方法以备遇到需要长期储存疫苗的情况；利用其他可供选择的交通资源来配送疫苗；无须使用冰块或冷水袋，可以在使用地冷却重组疫苗的方法，等等。

o 在国内示范试点，证明通过疫苗免疫计划的供应系统与其他健康预防或私营领域的供应系统之间的协同合作，能够取得更富成效的结果。

o 将全球定位信息软件工具集成于供应系统设计中，以优化物流运输的路径和输送航线，并减少对环境的影响。

3.对环境造成的影响

o 设计一个试验性提案，展示如何在设计供应系统和选择新技术时，能减少对环境的影响同时保证成本效益。

o 试点试验要求使用对环境能够安全处理医学废品，尤其是注射器废品

以及对环境安全负责的新技术或手段。

4.信息系统

o 演示一种新颖，低成本的解决方案，能满足低收入国家对于中低层级别疫苗供应系统的基本运营信息需求（请注意：基于或完全依赖SMS平台来寄发提示或者通知的提案将不会被纳入考虑）o 展示低成本专用设备（即：盈利机构在销售网点使用的条码阅读设备）的优点，将这类设备在在低收入环境中使用，可以满足基本物流管理数据的需求。

5.人力资源

o 开发创新工具和手段，辅助国家工作人员改善他们在疫苗供应系统方面的表现

6.公众对疫苗接种的接受度

o 设计创新、可负担及可持续的方法，以增加理解和扩展领域，帮助公众接受免疫接种。

o 设计创新方法，能够在低收入地区化解对疫苗接种的误解与不准确讯息。

对以下提案我们将不予考虑： o 申请提案无法直接解决上述任何领域的问题；

o 申请提案没有清晰明确的目标或目标的质量、效率以及/或有效性无法确切地评估；

o 临床前或临床研究：关于疫苗管理或运输设备的提案；旨在提高疫苗的稳定性或配方的提案；提案涉及动物实验或人类受试者的临床试验；

o 仅对目前的方法或传统的解决方案进行量变的提高。譬如：基于或完全依赖SMS平台来寄发提示或者通知的提案。

o 不适用于中低收入国家的方法；

o 申请提案中的新的解决方案不具备被广泛使用或规模性扩展的潜力;o 申请提案中没有描述或概括对下游供应系统的影响;o 申请提案仅适用于个别厂家的产品或涉及特定产品的改善措施。

七、本期主题——在全球健康的重点领域探索新方案

机会：

我们的全球健康项目旨在创造和改善特定的预防、诊断和治疗手段，从而应对那些感染母婴和儿童的传染性疾病和症状，使其不再对这些人群的健康和营养造成危害。我们主要通过三个方法达到这个目的：1)发现、填补相关领域的知识空白，在通向健康方案的关键道路上扫除前进的障碍；2）建立新的技术平台，用它来加快研究、拉近目标，或者开发能在资源贫乏的环境中使用的产品；3）通过投资富有改革性的创意，解决全球性的健康难题。我们的所有投资都出于一个需要，那就是设计出能在发展中国家孕育、推广和持续的方案，并将这些方案付诸实践。

我们寻找的是：  能在全球健康的重点领域发挥作用的方案，这些领域包括疟疾、艾滋病、结核、肺炎、肠道疾病和痢疾、脊髓灰质炎、母婴健康、及/或计划生育；

  对现有技术的颠覆或者改进；

低成本方案，亦即为人均日生活费用低于1美元的人群设计的方案，要求在低收入和中等收入国家可执行并有扩展空间。；  包含清晰、可验证的科学计划的项目，它们必须（i）基于可验证的假说，（ii）附带一份计划，阐明测试或者验证的方法，（iii）在一期研究中取得明确且可以合理解释的数据，我们将基于此考核是否给予二期研究的拨款。

我们强烈建议申请人采取下面的一种或几种方向：  与以往任何探索大挑战的主题（比如促进疫苗功效的营养、诱导黏膜免疫系统保护新生儿的新方法等）形成交叉；

 利用发达国家重点赞助下产生的知识或技术，将其应用于我们的全球健康重点领域；

 运用跨学科方法从事全球健康领域中受到忽视的技术学科的研究。

下列情况，不予赞助：    您的创意或方案不符合上述的盖茨基金会的全球健康重点领域和战略方向； 您的创意没有一个表达清晰、能够验证的假说为基础；

您的方向仅仅是对传统方案的改进（例如：针对疫苗研发、供应方面的现有研究，即便是对现有技术及工具的拓展、改进和整合）；

  您所开展的是基础研究，且该研究对解决全球健康问题没有明确的目标； 您的研究是基于传统的小分子方法和生物治疗方法的变化（比如对新化学个体的筛选、鉴定验证、或对药物疗效的测试），且得出的药物治疗方法不适用于疟疾或结核疾病。

  您的项目仅限于行为改变/教育目的（比如培训项目、奖学金项目、教育项目等）； 您的项目仅限于基础设施建设或能力建设举措；   您的方法包含不可接受的下游安全风险（比如对产品开发构成障碍）； 您的研究针对本轮挑战赛的其他主题。

For more specific information about the foundation’s strategies in the priority Global Health areas, see:

欲了解盖茨基金会全球健康重点领域战略的详细信息，请访问下面的网址：

http://www.xiexiebang.com/global-health/Pages/global-health-strategies.aspx

八、往届中国获奖者

2011年

· 宁靖（石家庄经济学院）：研究利用风力和太阳能驱动设备处理粪便污水系统，为欠发达地区的居民提供一种廉价、稳固、易组装的新型马桶。

· 张勇（中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病研究所）：研究中国VDPVs基因和抗原对溫度的敏感性和进化速率，以治疗早期发现的脊髓灰质炎。

· 范彬（中国科学院）：研究真空源分离与废物资源利用的低成本分散式生活卫生系统，设计“真空厕所”，节水节电，废物回收。

中科院研究员靠污水处理技术获全球公益奖项，《公益时报》2011.5.24。

· 陈宏翔（武汉协和医院）：开发一种X线敏感荧光材料的稀土纳米颗粒，连接针对HIV病毒的靶向单链抗体，对AIDS进行X射线激发的间接光动力学治疗。

武汉协和医院探索用X线消灭HIV 获盖茨基金会资助，《中新网》2011.5.4

2010年

· 唐劲天（清华大学）：应用热疗方法进行血吸虫病的防治，使血吸虫被杀死在人体的皮肤和腹腔中。

清华科研团队获盖茨基金会“探索大挑战”计划资助，《科学网》，2010.12.17 盖茨征集奇思妙想——记清华大学获奖团队，《北京科技报》2010.12.6

· 王国治（中国药品生物制品检定所）：研究一种简单独特的筛选耐药结核病的方法。

· 刘畅和孔晓红（南开大学）：通过分子生物学技术制作HIV的干扰病毒，干扰HIV在病人体内的复制，从而延长艾滋病病人的生命。获盖茨基金资助 南大讲师刘畅 ：十万美金只是让我起步，《每日新报》，2010.5.22 南开教师大胆构想获盖茨十万美金资助，《中国青年报》，2010.5.13

· 党宏月（中国石油大学）：研究肺炎早期感染是否产生特征生物标识物分子，并研制一种呼吸传感器装置，用以捕捉和分析这些标志性化合物，从而作为资源匮乏环境条件下的一种肺炎诊断方法。

2009年

· 谭光宏（海南医学院热带病重点实验室）：计划通过对免疫加强型减毒孢子的研究，更好地开发有效的热带病疫苗。

十万美元验证一个新点子，《健康报》，2009.6.19

· 陈扬超（香港中文大学）：拟建立一种针对流感病毒在家禽鸡只中侵入及复制的慢病毒载体，并利用该载体对鸡只进行基因改造，以减少禽流感的发病率，最终减低人类感染禽流感的机会。

香港中文大学抗禽流感研究获颁10万美元资助，《中新网》，2009.5.6

2008年

· 高谦（复旦大学上海医学院）：领导本科生杨顺遥和研究生王川，致力于研究MicroRNA在潜伏感染到活动性结核病中的作用。

两页纸换来十万美金，《中国青年报》，2008.11.5

Global hunts for off-beat research，《中国日报》，2009.4.3 · 陈志伟（香港大学艾滋病研究）：致力于研究一种新型的艾滋疫苗，利用它阻断经性接触传播的艾滋病毒。这项计划的概念验证将在恒河猴艾滋动物模型上进行。

Chinese scientists win Gates grants，《中国日报》，2008.10.28

第二篇：梅琳达 盖茨2013杜克大学毕业典礼演讲视频

梅琳达·盖茨2013杜克大学毕业典礼演讲

梅琳达·盖茨（Melinda French Gates，1964~），毕业于美国杜克大学计算机系，后获得MBA学位，然后如愿进入了自己曾经实习过的微软公司，很快崭露头角，取得了骄人的业绩，成为一名管理人员。在嫁给比尔·盖茨之前，梅琳达已经在微软做出了骄人的业绩。她担任一个部门的主管，手下有一百多名员工。在嫁给盖茨之后，梅琳达便做起了专职的太太。几年来，她为盖茨生下一双儿女，还管理着盖茨豪宅的日常工作。梅琳达把家里收拾得十分温馨，还建了一个家庭图书馆。梅琳达和盖茨一起建立了美国有史以来最大的基金会——盖茨基金会，并担任主席。

人际关系是一切（演讲稿）

梅琳达·盖茨在杜克大学2013届毕业典礼上的演讲，身为杜克大学的校友，梅琳达在母校发表了毕业典礼演讲，并鼓励2013届毕业生去认识“所有人的无限尊严”。

她这次演讲的主题是联系。她认为互联网的发展能够为全世界之间人的联系提供一个非常好的平台，能让人把与自己生活在不同环境中的人，理解为和自己本质上一样的人，建立起直接沟通的桥梁。比起抽象的概念，这种具体联系，能让人更愿意去帮助那些同自己一样，但生活条件更糟糕的人。这样一来人类才有可能真正实现马丁·路德·金所说的所有人情同手足的世界。

梅琳达·盖茨2013杜克大学毕业典礼英语演讲稿：

President Brodhead, Trustees, members of the Duke University Community, thank you for inviting me to come back to my alma mater for this important occasion.I am grateful for the honorary degree, and moved by the opportunity to address the graduating seniors.To the Class of 2013: Let me start by saying congratulations......and by reminding you to thank your mothers and wish them a happy Mothers' Day......and by admitting that I'm still bitter about the Louisville game.I was a student here in 1986 when Coach K took the team to the finals for the first time.We lost to Louisville then, too, so you and I share that particular agony.However, you had the good fortune to be here on campus when Duke won its fourth national championship.I never got to see us cut down the nets, but I did see us beat UNC, in Chapel Hill, when Michael Jordan was the star of the team.The fact that Michael Jordan recently turned 50 years old tells you how long it's been since I was a student.No matter how much time passes, though, I always feel connected to Duke.I love visiting my favorite landmarks, especially the Duke Gardens, where I used to go when I was stressed out before exams and needed to clear my head.I went yesterday, because I wanted to make sure I was centered before giving this speech.There's also my feeling of deep connection to the community my classmates created during our four years, and to the lifelong friends I made here--in short, to the people.I doubt there is a word that captures the combination of experiences and places and people that we summarize under the label “Duke.” The best one I can think of is “connected.” And this is a word I'd like to talk about for a few minutes on your Commencement Day.In August, 1982, I left my home in Dallas, Texas, to come here to Durham.To mark this rite of passage, my parents gave me a terrific present: the cutting-edge Olympus B12 portable typewriter, with a carrying case included.One of its best features was how light it was: Amazingly, the whole bundle weighed just 12 pounds!

It was during my time at Duke that the personal computer displaced the typewriter as the technology of choice on campus.Those of us in the computer science department actually resented the change.There were so few computers available, and all of a sudden the humanities majors were hogging our machines to write their papers.We had to do our programming in the middle of the night, usually in the creepy basement of the old biological science building.We'd set up contests--who programmed the fastest or made the fewest mistakes--kind of like a prehistoric hack-a-thon.The punishment for the losers was a trip to the biology lab at the end of the hall, where they had to touch the scariest mutant frog specimens.CONNECTION, AN INTRODUCTION

The personal computer--and later, after I'd graduated and taken a job at Microsoft, the Internet--started a communications revolution.My kids are a few years younger than you, but raising them has proved to me that the way you communicate is the single biggest difference between you now and me a generation ago.One popular way of describing this aspect of your lives is to say that you're “connected.” Some pundits have even started to refer to you as Generation C.One recent report overdid the c-thing by saying you are “connected, communicating, content-centric, community-oriented, always clicking.” It went on to say that, for these reasons alone, you will “transform the world as we know it.”

Of course, all the hype about how connected you are has contributed to a counter-narrative--that, in fact, your generation is increasingly disconnected from the things that matter.The arguments go something like this: Instead of spending time with friends, you spend it alone, collecting friend requests.Rather than savoring your food, you take pictures of it and post them on Facebook.I want to encourage you to reject the cynics who say technology is flattening your experience of the world.Please don't let anyone make you believe you are somehow shallow because you like to update your status on a regular basis.The people who say technology has disconnected you from others are wrong.So are the people who say technology automatically connects you to others.Technology is just a tool.It's a powerful tool, but it's just a tool.Deep human connection is very different.It's not a tool.It's not a means to an end.It is the end--the purpose and the result of a meaningful life--and it will inspire the most amazing acts of love, generosity, and humanity.In his famous speech “Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution,” Martin Luther King Jr.said, “Through our scientific and technological genius, we have made of this world a neighborhood and yet we have not had the ethical commitment to make of it a brotherhood.”

With 50 years of hindsight, I think it's fair to say Dr.King was premature in calling the world a neighborhood.Back then, Americans lumped whole continents into something they referred to as the Third World, as if the people on the other side of the planet were an undifferentiated mass whose defining feature was that they were not like us.But as a result of the ongoing communications revolution, your world really can be a neighborhood.So the ethical commitment Dr.King spoke of is yours to live up to.What does it mean to make of this world a brotherhood and a sisterhood? That probably sounds like a lot to ask of you as individuals, or even as a graduating class.I'm pretty sure none of you will respond to the annoying question “What are you going to do after graduation?” by saying “I plan to have the ethical commitment to make of this world a brotherhood.”

But you can change the way you think about other people.You can choose to see their humanity first--the one big thing that makes them the same as you, instead of the many things that make them different from you.It is not just a matter of caring about people.I assume you already do that.It's much harder to see all people, including people whose experiences are very different from yours, as three-dimensional human beings who want and need the same things you do.But if you can really believe that all 7 billion people on the planet are equal to you in spirit, then you will take action to make the world more equal for everyone.PAUL FARMER, TESTAMENT TO CONNECTION

Paul Farmer, the Duke graduate I admire most, is a testament to the deep human connection I'm talking about.As many of you know, Paul, who's here today, is a doctor and global health innovator.For years, he traveled back and forth from Boston, where he is a professor of medicine, to Haiti, where he ran a health clinic giving the highest quality care to the poorest people in the world.Now, he lives mostly in Rwanda, where he's working on changing the country's entire health care system.I first met Paul in 2003, when I went to see him in Haiti.It took us forever to walk the 100 yards from our vehicle to the clinic because he introduced me to every single person we met along the way.I am not exaggerating.Every single person.As we moved along, he introduced each person to me by first and last name, wished their families well, and asked for an update about their lives.He hugged people when he greeted them and looked them in the eyes throughout each conversation.If you believe love plays a role in healing, there was healing happening at every step of that journey.When we finally reached the waiting area outside the clinic, I saw a lovely garden with a canopy of flowering vines.Paul told me he built it himself, for two reasons.First, he said, it gets hot, and he wants to his patients to be cool in the shade while they wait.Second, he wants them to see what he sees, the beauty of the world, before they have to go into the clinic for treatment.The next day, I visited a different clinic in Haiti.The clinic was there for the same reason as Paul's--to provide poor people with the medical care they desperately need but cannot afford.The doctors worked there for all the right reasons.But I noticed that the patients were waiting outside in the scorching sun.Inside, it felt like the doctors considered themselves health providers, and the patients were recipients.There was no sense, as there was in Paul's clinic, of an equal partnership with the community.Experiencing those two clinics one right after the other showed me that Paul made a moral choice to do the hard work of deep connection.He took the time to do the little things: provide shade, remember surnames, and make eye contact.These small acts were born of a big idea--the boundless dignity of all people.

第三篇：梅琳达 盖茨2013杜克大学毕业典礼演讲视频

梅琳达 盖茨2013杜克大学毕业典礼演讲视频：

人际关系是一切（演讲稿）

梅琳达·盖茨在杜克大学2013届毕业典礼上的演讲，身为杜克大学的校友，梅琳达在母校发表了毕业典礼演讲，并鼓励2013届毕业生去认识“所有人的无限尊严”。

梅琳达·盖茨2013杜克大学毕业典礼英语演讲稿：

President Brodhead, Trustees, members of the Duke University Community, thank you for inviting me to come back to my alma mater for this important occasion.I am grateful for the honorary degree, and moved by the opportunity to address the graduating seniors.To the Class of 2013: Let me start by saying congratulations......and by reminding you to thank your mothers and wish them a happy Mothers' Day......and by admitting that I'm still bitter about the Louisville game.I was a student here in 1986 when Coach K took the team to the finals for the first time.We lost to Louisville then, too, so you and I share that particular agony.However, you had the good fortune to be here on campus when Duke won its fourth national championship.I never got to see us cut down the nets, but I did see us beat UNC, in Chapel Hill, when Michael Jordan was the star of the team.The fact that Michael Jordan recently turned 50 years old tells you how long it's been since I was a student.No matter how much time passes, though, I always feel connected to Duke.I love visiting my favorite landmarks, especially the Duke Gardens, where I used to go when I was stressed out before exams and needed to clear my head.I went yesterday, because I wanted to make sure I was centered before giving this speech.There's also my feeling of deep connection to the community my classmates created during our four years, and to the lifelong friends I made here--in short, to the people.I doubt there is a word that captures the combination of experiences and places and people that we summarize under the label “Duke.” The best one I can think of is “connected.” And this is a word I'd like to talk about for a few minutes on your Commencement Day.In August, 1982, I left my home in Dallas, Texas, to come here to Durham.To mark this rite of passage, my parents gave me a terrific present: the cutting-edge Olympus B12 portable typewriter, with a carrying case included.One of its best features was how light it was: Amazingly, the whole bundle weighed just 12 pounds!

It was during my time at Duke that the personal computer displaced the typewriter as the technology of choice on campus.Those of us in the computer science department actually resented the change.There were so few computers available, and all of a sudden the humanities majors were hogging our machines to write their papers.We had to do our programming in the middle of the night, usually in the creepy basement of the old biological science building.We'd set up contests--who programmed the fastest or made the fewest mistakes--kind of like a prehistoric hack-a-thon.The punishment for the losers was a trip to the biology lab at the end of the hall, where they had to touch the scariest mutant frog specimens.CONNECTION, AN INTRODUCTION

The personal computer--and later, after I'd graduated and taken a job at Microsoft, the Internet--started a communications revolution.My kids are a few years younger than you, but raising them has proved to me that the way you communicate is the single biggest difference between you now and me a generation ago.One popular way of describing this aspect of your lives is to say that you're “connected.” Some pundits have even started to refer to you as Generation C.One recent report overdid the c-thing by saying you are “connected, communicating, content-centric, community-oriented, always clicking.” It went on to say that, for these reasons alone, you will “transform the world as we know it.”

Of course, all the hype about how connected you are has contributed to a counter-narrative--that, in fact, your generation is increasingly disconnected from the things that matter.The arguments go something like this: Instead of spending time with friends, you spend it alone, collecting friend requests.Rather than savoring your food, you take pictures of it and post them on Facebook.I want to encourage you to reject the cynics who say technology is flattening your experience of the world.Please don't let anyone make you believe you are somehow shallow because you like to update your status on a regular basis.The people who say technology has disconnected you from others are wrong.So are the people who say technology automatically connects you to others.Technology is just a tool.It's a powerful tool, but it's just a tool.Deep human connection is very different.It's not a tool.It's not a means to an end.It is the end--the purpose and the result of a meaningful life--and it will inspire the most amazing acts of love, generosity, and humanity.In his famous speech “Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution,” Martin Luther King Jr.said, “Through our scientific and technological genius, we have made of this world a neighborhood and yet we have not had the ethical commitment to make of it a brotherhood.”

With 50 years of hindsight, I think it's fair to say Dr.King was premature in calling the world a neighborhood.Back then, Americans lumped whole continents into something they referred to as the Third World, as if the people on the other side of the planet were an undifferentiated mass whose defining feature was that they were not like us.But as a result of the ongoing communications revolution, your world really can be a neighborhood.So the ethical commitment Dr.King spoke of is yours to live up to.What does it mean to make of this world a brotherhood and a sisterhood? That probably sounds like a lot to ask of you as individuals, or even as a graduating class.I'm pretty sure none of you will respond to the annoying question “What are you going to do after graduation?” by saying “I plan to have the ethical commitment to make of this world a brotherhood.”

But you can change the way you think about other people.You can choose to see their humanity first--the one big thing that makes them the same as you, instead of the many things that make them different from you.It is not just a matter of caring about people.I assume you already do that.It's much harder to see all people, including people whose experiences are very different from yours, as three-dimensional human beings who want and need the same things you do.But if you can really believe that all 7 billion people on the planet are equal to you in spirit, then you will take action to make the world more equal for everyone.PAUL FARMER, TESTAMENT TO CONNECTION

Paul Farmer, the Duke graduate I admire most, is a testament to the deep human connection I'm talking about.As many of you know, Paul, who's here today, is a doctor and global health innovator.For years, he travelled back and forth from Boston, where he is a professor of medicine, to Haiti, where he ran a health clinic giving the highest quality care to the poorest people in the world.Now, he lives mostly in Rwanda, where he's working on changing the country's entire health care system.I first met Paul in 2003, when I went to see him in Haiti.It took us forever to walk the 100 yards from our vehicle to the clinic because he introduced me to every single person we met along the way.I am not exaggerating.Every single person.As we moved along, he introduced each person to me by first and last name, wished their families well, and asked for an update about their lives.He hugged people when he greeted them and looked them in the eyes throughout each conversation.If you believe love plays a role in healing, there was healing happening at every step of that journey.When we finally reached the waiting area outside the clinic, I saw a lovely garden with a canopy of flowering vines.Paul told me he built it himself, for two reasons.First, he said, it gets hot, and he wants to his patients to be cool in the shade while they wait.Second, he wants them to see what he sees, the beauty of the world, before they have to go into the clinic for treatment.The next day, I visited a different clinic in Haiti.The clinic was there for the same reason as Paul's--to provide poor people with the medical care they desperately need but cannot afford.The doctors worked there for all the right reasons.But I noticed that the patients were waiting outside in the scorching sun.Inside, it felt like the doctors considered themselves health providers, and the patients were recipients.There was no sense, as there was in Paul's clinic, of an equal partnership with the community.Experiencing those two clinics one right after the other showed me that Paul made a moral choice to do the hard work of deep connection.He took the time to do the little things: provide shade, remember surnames, and make eye contact.These small acts were born of a big idea--the boundless dignity of all people.

第四篇：比尔·盖茨名言

比尔·盖茨名言

1、也许，人的生命是一场正在焚烧的“火灾”，一个人所能去做的，也必须去做的，就是竭尽全力要从这场“火灾”中去抢救点儿什么东西出来。

2、找些东西来花费时间和精力琢磨，无论做什么，都要执着。无论做什么，都

要投入，做一个完全的沉迷者。

3、在任何事情上绝不屈居第二。集中精力干好一件事，决不轻易放手。决心就

是，不干则罢，要干就干最好。没有干不成的事，不在乎别人怎么想。

4、一个人如果不能控制自己的感情，也不能靠别人帮助来完成。实在控制不了，干脆顺其自然好了。

5、当你听到或者看到不少退学人士在事业上取得成功时，可能会以为创业应该

优于学业。但是，我却不这样认为，除非那人有一个非做不可的构思，否则的话还是首先完成大学学业比较重要。

6、世界上有许多做事有成的人，并不一定是因为他比你会做，而仅仅是因为他

比你敢做。

7、鲍尔默的天赋之一就是激励才能，他的管理秘诀就是激情管理。

8、有矛盾和分歧，才有争论和探索，才有事业的进步与发展。

9、公司要想更好的发展，只有依靠软件，而不是股票，任何时候，都不应该被

股票所带来的财富迷失了方向。

10、在一个大公司里，往往由于人员不断增多，人们之间缺乏温情和人文关怀，从而造成人们心理涣散。

11、要有宽敞的工作场所，足够的办公大楼和充裕的休息设施。

12、归属感，让他们明白，一切都是他们自己的。生活简朴，允许员工给自己发

邮件，告诫他们，千万不要自以为是，要养成谦逊和冷静的作风。

13、毫不留情地对竞争对手施以重压，然后又叫对方无法吭声，绝对地赢得对方，这是比尔·盖茨在商场上的一贯作风。

第五篇：比尔·盖茨的建议

比尔〃盖茨的建议

1、人生是不公平的，习惯去接受它吧!

2、这个世界并不在乎你的自尊，而是期望你先作出成绩，再去强调自己的感觉。

3、你不会一离开学校就有百万年薪，你不会马上就是可以发号施令的副总裁，这两者你都必须经过努力得来。

4.如果你觉得老师很凶，等你有了老板你就知道了，老板是没有任期保障的。5.在快餐店送汉堡包并不是作践自己,你的祖父母对此另有理解——机会。6.如果你一事无成，不是父母的错。所以不要怨天尤人，要学会从错误中学习。

7.再你出生前，父母并不是像现在这般无趣。他们变成这样，是因为忙着支付你的开销，帮你洗衣服，听你自吹自擂。所以在你拯救被你的父辈破坏的热带雨林之前，先整理好自己的房间。

8.学校里成绩的高低好坏，对人生来说还言之过早。

9.人生不是学期制，人生没有寒暑假。没有哪个雇主有兴趣帮助你寻找自我，请用自己的闲暇来做这件事吧。

10、电视里演的人生不是真实的，真实的人生中每个人都要离开咖啡厅去上班。

11、对书呆子好一点，因为你将来很可能要为他们中的一个人工作。