my favorite hero in ancient Greece我最喜欢的古希腊神话英雄

第一篇：my favorite hero in ancient Greece我最喜欢的古希腊神话英雄

姓名：曹梦蝶

学号：20101105106 班级：四班

The Outline of My Favorite Hero in Ancient Greece Topic :My Favorite Hero in Ancient Greece.Introduction My favorite hero in ancient Greece is Oedipus.As we all know that Oedipus is one of the most typical tragedy roles in foreign literature of ancient Greece.He is the son of the king Laius and the queen Jocasta in Thebe in ancient Greece.And the The Oedipus complex is also from this hero.I love this role and Oedipus.From my perspective, he is a strong, responsible, brave, smart upright man.That is why I appreciate him so much.Body

I.The detail plot of the Greece myth story of Oedipus.A.Artistic features.B.Central thought C.Oedipus complex.II.The detail plot of the Greece myth story of Electra.A.Electra complex.B.The comparison between Electra and Oedipus.III.The reasons why I like him.A.It is a inevitable destiny of him.B.He is smart.C.He is good and brave.D.He is a respectable and responsible father.E.He is a common man when compared with the other gods.Conclusion Because we all know that the Greece myth story is made up with many interesting and meaningful stories.And there are many gods.From this roles, we can get many useful informations.Some stories are true, so we can not ignore this aspect.Then in this way, we can find a good method to know the west culture and person.My Favorite Hero in Ancient Greece Before I entering university , I did not know what’s Greece myth.Or why the Greece is so famous.And when I was a fresh man in college, I still don’t like read the Greece myth.Until this year , I have this course of the culture of west, I start touch the knowledge of the Greece myth story.To be frank, I still do not it ,maybe because there are so many gods , and I can not remember them all.Maybe because I always think that the Greece myth story is not the real thing.They are just made up by the authors.But until I know that there is a god who killed his father and married his mother, I was totally attracted by this tragedy.Or I can say I was fascinated by him.So My favorite hero in ancient Greece is Oedipus.As we all know that Oedipus is one of the most typical tragedy roles in foreign literature of ancient Greece.He is the son of the king Laius and

the queen Jocasta in Thebe in ancient Greece.And the The Oedipus complex is also from this hero.I love this role and Oedipus.From my perspective, he is a strong, responsible, brave, smart upright man.That is why I appreciate him so much.The Plot summary is like the following.Laius is the son of the king Labradors in Thebe, because of the lack of father in his youth, and the guardian was killed by the state enemy, so all of his rights as the offspring of the king were deprived completely.Then he defected to Pelops, having a job as a tutor for his son Chrysippus.But Laius fell in love with the beautiful guy Chrysippus, and he kidnapped him, finally led the death of Chrysippus.In this way, Laius betrayed his own benefactor, so Pelops cursed him that he would be killed by his son someday.Laius became the king of Thebe.Then after he married Locasta, the oracle “he would be killed by his own son ”from Pelops confirmed again.Because he felt very fear about this oracle, so he always avoid to have sex with his wife.Although there is no express sexual performance, but this story, obviously reflect the relationship between gay for men of taboo(though in reality of Greek society common)and men from a oneness in the social system of women hate(misogyny, misogyny)psychological.In one day, after drunk, Laius had sex with his wife, so led to the birth of Oedipus.That is to say, Laius did not mean to accept this son.The newborn baby was throw into tai Rong cascade of barren hills.Obviously, his intention is to kill this unnamed son.But he did not do it by himself, but abandoned the baby to a natural environment where people can not live normally.However, Laius’ son was saved by a sheepherder, and he was named after his injured feet , that is “swollen feet”, namely Oedipus.He became the adopted son of neighbour country’s king Polybus and the queen ink los cypress who did not have child.In the palace, he was treated and raised up as the their real son.And he was designated as the heir.Gradually he began to doubt his birth.Then he came to the holy of holies Delphi temple asking Apollo oracle, and finally was told that he would “patricide marry a mother” destiny.In order to avoid the oracle's cash,Oedipus determined to return to his biological parents that their king and queen of the city had the Tos and toward the direction of Thebe city.At this time in Thebe city, in order to punish Laius’crime to Chrysippus,Greece divine divinity queen Hera brought the lion with a succubus sphinx, the whole city is in extreme panic.As well known, that sphinx requirements passerby solution “on four legs in the morning, walk with two feet to walk at noon, and on three in the evening walk foot what

animal” riddle.No one can solve riddles, she swallowed Thebe city citizens.Thebe king Laius hoped that through the oracle find a method to repel sphinx.on the way to the Delphi temple, and toward thebe city direction walking, Laius and Oedipus face-to-face.Because the narrow road can only accommodated one person through, and the two people did not know each other, the king Laius rudely command Oedipus away, finally they fought each other.Then the king Laius was dead, but Oedipus did not know that the person he killed was his father.After entered into Thebe city, Oedipus cracked sphinx riddle, made the banshee in shame himself.After saved the Thebe city, he married the queen in Thebe city.so he has fulfilled his word will “patricide marry a mother” oracle.After they got married, they had two daughters and sons.Because of Oedipus unknowingly committing action, married a mother “great sin, pestilence and famine came to thebe city.Looking for disaster indulge in willful persecution, Oedipus finally learned the truth.Also know the truth of the Russian kaas te killed himself, and, after that, Oedipus thorn blind their eyes, in Antigone traction drift under the four winds, then get beat back the monster Camino TaoLuoSi Theseus protection, finally died from the goddess of the holy land.He stood in front of the citizens and admitted that he was the murderer of father, and married his mother.He

was the rascal who was cursed by the gods, and was the evil of the earth.But Theban did not abandon this king they once loved and respected.They felt sympathy for him, even the Creon did not laugh at him.And he brough this person who was punished by the gods into the chamber.Heart broken king Oedipus who disobeyed her deeply moved, he put the throne to Creon, let him replaced his two young sons to reign the country.In addition, he also requested for his unhappy mother to build a tomb.He also put his daughter to the new king.As for himself, he was willing to go abroad, because he was banished to double iniquity defiled the land.And he said, he should be burned to death in Thai Rong the top of the hill, there was the place where parents abandoned him.It was his destiny to be or not to be.Finally, he once again called her daughter.Hand over their head, with their farewell.He thanked Creon for their deep friendship, and to pray for him and the people always be the protection of the gods.Artistic features: Superb structure: the locking type structure, namely in the high tide constantly return to the past, in the ”discovery“ process turn plot.Optimize the combination of circumstances, depending on the needs, set a variety of interconnectedness of foreshadowing.Robust and the idea of dramatic conflicts supplement each other.Center thought: To show the will of people and the fate of the contradiction, to show that

hero is brave, honest, kind, and dares to undertake the responsibility.Outstanding performance the accidental and inevitable complex relationship, the fate of the ”uncertainty“, ”but“.This is our destiny in western myth all point of view.Oedipus complex: Oedipus complex is also said as ”Oedipus complex“, it is a psychoanalysis terms.The founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud(Sigmund Freud)suggested that children in sexual development object selection period, began to seek outside sex objects.For children, the object is first parents, the boy to mother for selection and the girl is often in his father's selection.The child made such a choice, on the one hand, is due to its own ”eros“, is also due to the stimulation of the parents to strengthen this tendency, that is due to the mother and father son preference preference contributed to the daughter.In this situation, the boy told his mother there was a kind of special tender feelings, depending on the mother for his own possession, and the father as the property with the enemy, and want to replace the father in the status of parents relationship.Similarly, the girl think mother interference of father's tender feelings, encroached on her position should be accounted for.Therefore, there are also ”Electra complex“ When it comes to ”Electra complex“, there is another important Greek myth story I must introduce to you.Mycenae king, Greek king of kings，the son of Atreus Agamemnon troop buildup, is ready to go on a punitive expedition Troy.Before starting a game, he will be the harvest quite abundantly, boasting a way: ”even if is the goddess of hunting JianFa also just so so.“ So enraged the gods.Hunting goddess Artemis, the door for you to own daughter Phgena and sacrifice to her, will be for expedition army blowing wind.Agamemnon ignored his wife Clytemnestra's Stella and the opposition of the daughter will sacrifice.Army then to Troy.The assistance's Stella decided to revenge Agamemnon, and happened amour with Aegisthus.After ten years, Agamemnon as the Greek army commander in chief triumph, but his wife and her lover with a plot to kill the axe to wash his ten years of war and tired in the bathtub.Then slain and Agamemnon back to Trojan princess, female priests Cassandra.The assistance's Stella and her lover Aegisthus rule the country.The son of Agamemnon Orestes was secretly send to the border of Chuguo by a loyal servant of his father, and was taken in by the king of s method to.The daughter of Agamemnon Electra was imprisoned in a castle by his mother.Many years passed, Electra has grow up as a beautiful woman.In order to make her offspring have no ability to revenge, Clytemnestra's Stella and Aegisthus will marry her to a remote place a farmer, but for her sympathy and respect, her husband and her only keep a fake spouse relationship.And local farmers also always protect her.Time did not washed the her love for her father, the years of shame fanning the flames

of anger in the bottom of her heart never go out.Elektra always hopes het brother can come back for revenge for their father.Finally, in the eighth years, the divination shows that the chance of revenge is coming.In the grave yard of Agamemnon, Electra and her brother recognized each other.With the help of prince Pylade in s method to, her brother and her successfully killed her mother’s lover Aegisthus in the god of wine party.And then Electra designed a plan that let her mother assistance's Stella leave the palace(she lied to her mother that she had birth a little prince, need her to hold neonatal for her son.)and then killed their mother together with her brother.We all know that it is a kind of iniquity which against the god.And make them become fury Eumenides the victim.Fury is always follows them, and their conscience is always suffering from the contrition.Electra and her brother only can request the shelter of the gods,but even the gods’ asylum also can not make them get rid of the nemeans’ tracking.Finally, Athena presided over the court, the judge the revenge for the father and the murderers who killed their mother.The accused and the defendant not dispute.Finally decided to vote for the newspaper to determine father vendetta death mother is guilty.But the number of supporters and critics of consistent, the key is a ticket in hand of Athena.”I'm not born to mothers with the person, I am from father Zeus head jump out, so I maintain the rights of man." Athena support Electra elder

sister and younger brother's behavior, to acquit them.So after this Greek myth story, there is another complex, we called is Electra complex, which means the daughter loves her father more, so just always against her mother in the real daily in a abnormal way.When we put this two complex, it will be a little weird, because we all know that it is totally different, and we can not compare them at the same time.But compared with Electra complex, I think that Oedipus complex will be more acceptably.Why ?because from this two stories, obviously we can get the information that Oedipus married killed his father , but at that time, he did not know that the old man who against him is his father.And at the climax of the story, he married his mother incidentally, because he did not the woman is his mother, neither.This is totally a tragedy.He did not know the truth.We can say this is his inevitable fate.we all know the original sin , maybe this his original sin since he was born to this world.So we can forgive him, and he is innocent.From another aspect of this tragedy, it can be proved that this is his inevitable destiny.at the beginning of the story, their parents knows that his son Oedipus will destroy their happy family, and in order to avoid this tragedy, they abundant him.Then after Oedipus grows up in another family ,when he hear that one day he will kill his fother and his mother, he left his adopted parents(he did not know that his now parents is his real parents)and went to another country by himself.But unfortunately, he

still meets his real parents.However at the end of the myth story, after he knows that he did killed his father and married his mother, he felt painful ,and thought he is a flagrance man, he sabed his eyes.This end is not pleasing for me, maybe for everyone.He is innocent, it is not necessary for him to hurt himself just because of his tragedy which caused by his inevitable fate.I like him not only just because of his fealty for his parents and his guilty, but also for his brave and smart.When he faced with the challenge from Sphinx,(which kind of animal have four legs when in morning, and have two legs in noon, but have three legs in evening ?), he successfully handle.So from this section, we can clearly guess how clever he is.After all, in the history, no one can get the right answers.Another reasons that I like him is his goodness and brave.Many people had been died from the riddle of Sphinx.Maybe he did not know what’s the right answer, but in order to save all the country’s residents, he just had a try.And finally , he used his braveness saved all the people.He is really something.The only pity is that just because of his this success, he married his mother.Then as a father ,I think he is the most perfect in the world.After his wife, or his mother suicide , he just stabbed his eyes.Then he has no ability to take care of his children.When some parents confronted with this dilemma, maybe they just solubly abandon them.But he did not.He put

his children entrusted to take care of others.From this section , we can know that he is a responsible father.Maybe someone will say ,if he is really a responsible father, then he should n’t had hurt himself.But he can not get rid of his guilty.What he can do is to hurt himself to escape his guilty.So we should be kind to him ,and just forgive his so-called sin.Finally , when compared with other gods, I was deeply attracted by his common.we all know that all the gods which from the Greek myth story have all kinds of power.Such as the god of fire, or the gods of wine, and the like.But Oedipus is just a common people.He has no special power to protect himself or make himself became a great man.He just used his Intelligence to conquer the Sphinx, to save a country.As a student, we should learn more about the Greece myth story.From this course , I do learn a lot.Not only just about Oedipus complex, or Oedipus, but also many thing others.For example, how to be a upright person? How to help others in a right way? How to be a great resident? How to face our own original sin? How to be a brave person who are not afraid of facing challenges? How to correctly analysis a person from all aspects? Because we all know that the Greece myth story is made up with many interesting and meaningful stories.And there are many gods.From this roles, we can get many useful informations.Some stories are true, so we can not ignore this aspect.Then in this way, we can find a good method to

know the west culture and person.

第二篇：古希腊神话范文

月桂树——希腊神话中的花草树木

顽皮的小爱神厄洛斯(罗马名丘比特)由于遭到阿波罗的嘲笑，决心向阿波罗展示一下自己的弓箭的威力。他在空中飞来飞去，笑嘻嘻地取出一支铅头小箭向珀涅俄斯河的仙女达芙妮（Daphne）射去；然后，他又取出一支金箭，射中了阿波罗。铅箭令人厌恶爱情，金箭却能使人燃起爱火。阿波罗热烈地爱上了达佛妮，而与此同时，达芙妮却以爱情为耻，并请求父亲河神珀涅俄斯答应她以处女终身。

阿波罗望见达芙妮，立即向她飞奔过去，而达芙妮却惊慌地逃开。太阳神一边追逐，一边喃喃地向她倾诉着自己的爱慕之情，但这只能让达佛妮更加恐惧。就这样，一个追，一个逃，越过了许多山川和田野。渐渐地，达佛妮没有力气了，她觉得自己透不过气来——阿波罗的脚步声就在耳畔，她甚至可以感觉到他的呼吸。达佛妮绝望地向父亲求助:“请帮助我,父亲！大地啊,裂开了吞我进去吧！”话音刚落，她就开始变得僵硬：身体成为树干，金发伸展成为树叶，双臂变成树枝，能奔善跑的双足如今生出了根须，她的头遮蔽在浓荫之中，遗存的只有她的美与洁净。

达佛妮虽然成了树，阿波罗仍然很喜欢她，他拥抱着树干，树叶沙沙地颤抖着。“你将成为我的树，”他说，“你将终年长青，成为胜利者的荣冠。”从此，阿波罗将月桂树尊为他的圣树，他的发上，琴上和箭袋上总是饰以桂树的枝叶。古希腊神话中的爱情故事——皮拉莫斯和笛丝贝

从前深红色的桑葚本是雪白的,变色的经过很特别,也很悲惨,起因是一对年轻恋人的死亡． 皮拉莫斯和笛丝贝,一个是东方的最美的少年,一个是东方最美的少女,住在塞米拉米丝女王的城市巴比伦,两家比邻而居,共邻一到墙,他们并肩长大,自然相亲相爱.可是双方家长不准他们结婚.爱的火焰是禁不了的,阻力愈大烧得愈旺,而且爱情永远找得到出路,两颗燃烧的心不可能永远分隔．

两家共用的墙有个小裂缝,以前没有人发觉,可是情人没有看不见的事．两个年轻人发现了，就隔着小洞说悄悄话，挡在他们中间的墙壁反而成为沟通的媒介．他们说：”如果不是你挡着，我们可以接触、相吻，不过你至少让我们谈谈话，使情话传入爱人的耳朵，我们不敢忘恩负义．”他们就这样交谈，晚上分手前各在墙上一吻，可惜传不到对方的唇边．每天早晨曙光驱走了星辰，太阳晒干了草地上的白霜，他们总会留到缝隙边站着，时而说炙热的情话，时而悲叹命苦，但永远是柔声细语的．有一天他们实在忍不住了，决定当晚溜出城外，到空旷的乡间，无拘无束在一起．他们约好在一个很名的地方－－－－尼纳斯蓦地的一棵树下相会．那是一棵高高的桑树，长满了雪白的桑葚果，附近有青溪潺潺流动．他们很喜欢着办法，巴不得白天快点过去．

最后太阳沉入大海里，黑夜降临了．笛丝贝摸黑溜出门，悄悄走到墓地，皮拉莫斯还没有来，她静静的等着，爱情使她勇气十足．突然间，她在月光下看见一头母狮子，刚杀过生，下巴血淋淋的，正要到溪边来喝水，它在不远处，笛丝贝及时逃命，但奔逃间不斗篷弄丢了，母狮子回巢途中撞见了斗篷，用嘴叼起来扯得破破烂烂，这才消失在林中．几分钟后，皮拉莫斯露面，正好看见这一幕：沾血的破斗篷摆在他面前，土中的兽迹清晰可见．结论只有一个：他以为一切都明明白白，笛丝贝死了．他让娇弱的情人独自来到危险的地方，却没有先来保护她．他说：”是我害死你的．”他由泥土中捡起斗篷一吻再吻，然后拿到桑树下，他说：”现在你也饮我的血吧．”他拔出剑来，刺入身体，鲜血溅到到桑葚，把它们染成了深红．笛丝贝虽然怕狮子，却更怕失信于情郎，他又大胆走回了约会的地点－－－果实白花花的桑

树下，结果找不着．那边有棵树，枝上长的不是白果实．她瞪眼一瞧，树下有东西在蠕动，她吓了一跳，隔着阴影偷看，这才看出是什么．原来是皮拉莫斯倒在血泊里奄奄一息，她跑过去，伸手搂住他，吻他冰冷的嘴唇，求他看看她，跟他讲话．她嚷到：”是我，你最亲爱的笛丝贝．”他听见了她的名字，张开眼睛看一眼，就闭眼死去了．

她看到他手中滑落的佩剑和沾满了鲜血的破斗篷，一切都明白了．她说：”你爱我，才会自杀，我也有勇气，我也能爱．只有死亡能拆散我们，现在它没有那个能力了．”她沾着爱人鲜血的佩剑刺进了自己心窝．

最后众神和小情人的父母动了恻隐之心．深红色的桑葚是这对恋人的永恒纪念，两个死也不肯分开的人骨灰在同一个罐子里．

古希腊神话中的月亮女神阿蒂米斯（Artemis）。她是太阳神阿波罗的妹妹，非常漂亮，同时也是个很厉害的弓箭手，掌管着狩猎，身边常伴着她心爱的弓箭和猎犬。每天她驾着银色的马车在夜空中奔驰，代表了夜间的一起——寒冷、寂寞、以及亡灵的道路。她还是未婚少女的守护神——她自己也是终身未婚，这里面还有个悲伤的故事。

海王波赛冬有个儿子，名叫 奥列翁（Orion），他非常喜欢射箭，是个很好的猎手，还喜欢在海面上狂奔。月亮女神很喜欢奥列翁，他们相识了，并且彼此相爱，经常一起在丛林中狩猎，在海面上狂奔。女神的哥哥阿波罗很讨厌奥列翁，也不喜欢她妹妹与奥列翁的这段感情，于是决意要除掉奥列翁。某天，奥列翁正在海面上飞奔的时候，阿波罗用金色的光罩住奥列翁把他隐藏起来，使任何人都看不出奥列翁的本来面目，然后就去怂恿喜欢射箭的妹妹月亮女神把远处的金色物体当作靶子。月亮女神当然不知道这是哥哥的阴谋，射出一支箭，正中奥列翁的头部。后来她知道了自己射死的是心上人奥列翁，于是陷入绝望之中，日夜哭泣。为了永远珍藏对奥列翁的爱情，她请求宙斯把奥列翁升到天上，希望自己乘坐银马车在天空奔跑中随时可以看到。宙斯接受了她的请求，把奥列翁变为天上的星座——猎户座。女神发誓，终身不嫁，她要永远在夜空中陪伴着奥列翁。

月亮女神阿蒂米斯（Artemis）非常喜欢橡树，狩猎时一直带着她的橡树木杖。人们又把她奉为橡树女神。在古希腊，人们祭祀月亮女神的时候，就要点燃橡木火把，后来变成供奉甜饼并点燃蜡烛，最后演变成为了庆祝孩子生日的方式——晚上在蛋糕上插蜡烛，吹灭并许愿，月亮女神会保佑愿望能够实现。直到今天，人们依然用这种方式庆祝生日维纳斯是罗马神话中的爱与美神，也是象征丰饶多产的女神。古希腊神话中称为阿佛洛狄忒。传说她在大海的泡沫中诞生，在三位时光女神和三位美惠女神的陪伴下，来到奥林匹斯山，众神被其美丽容貌所吸引，纷纷向她求爱。宙斯在遭其拒绝后，遂把她嫁给了丑陋而瘸腿的火神赫斐斯塔司，但她却爱上了战神阿瑞斯，并生下小爱神厄洛斯。后曾帮助特洛伊王子帕里斯拐走斯巴达国王墨涅拉俄的妻子、全希腊最美的女人海伦。引起希腊人远征特洛伊的十年战争。

第三篇：古希腊神话（本站推荐）

The Homework of Ancient Greece Culture

1.天神宙斯(Zeus):He is in charge of heaven and the king of the gods.2.天后赫拉(Hera):She is in charge of the goddess of marriage and birth and marriage

protector.3.海神波塞冬(Poseidon)：He is in charge of the sea and the protector of horses.4.冥王哈得斯(Hades)：He is in charge of the underworld and wealth management.5.农神得墨忒耳(Demeter)：She is in charge of the goddess of Agriculture.6.战神阿瑞斯(Ares)：He likes fight and is the god of war.7.智慧女神雅典娜(Athene)：She taught the Greeks spinning, weaving, shipbuilding,metallurgy and ironmaking skills and is the protector of agriculture,horticulture,law and

order.8.太阳神阿波罗(Apollo)：He is the light of god and in charge of music, art, medicine and

fable.9.月亮女神阿耳忒弥斯(Artemis)：She is the moon godness , the godness of hunting and in

charge of the brightness.10.爱美之神阿佛洛狄忒(Aphrodite):She is the symbol of love and the beauty of a woman.11.神使赫耳墨斯(Hermes)：He is the messenger and interpretation of Zeus and other gods and

in charge of animal husbandry, business, tourism and sports.12.火神赫淮斯托斯(Hephaestus)：He is the god of fire and a blacksmith and has made a lot of

the weapons, tools and art.1)An Apple of Discord 争斗之源；不和之因；祸根

2)The Heel of Achilles 唯一弱点；薄弱环节；要害

3)The Trojan Horse木马计；暗藏的危险；奸细

4)A Penelope's Web故意拖延的策略，永远做不完的任务

5)Rest on One's Laurels 吃老本，坐享清福

6)The Augean Stables肮脏的地方，藏垢纳碎之所

7)A Procrustean Bed 普洛克路斯贰斯的床，削足适履

8)Swan Song 最后的杰作，绝笔

9)Under the Rose 秘密地；私下地；暗中

10)Between Scylla And Charybdis进退两难

Clash of the Titans

Content Summary

Perseus raised as a fisherman, but is actually a demi-god.His father was Zeus.Zeus' brother Hades was the one who killed his family, and Perseus wants to kill him.So Perseus leads a band of soldiers on a quest to defeat the Kraken.Finally, Perseus defeated the Kraken monster and Hades and rescued the city of Argo.The impressions after seeing the movie

Perseus is really a hero.At the same time, his buddies are brave and not afraid of death.Moreover, somebody dedicated his life to helping Perseus.This spirit is honorable and in our daily life, we need this spirit;especially ,when we face natural disasters.Also, we know Zeus has many wives and children.As a man, I want to tell everybody loving your only boyfriend or girlfriend.If you love him or her, please deeply.

第四篇：古希腊神话研究

研究性学习开题报告

课题题目：古希腊神话研究

指导教师：李冬梅老师（语文）

课题组成员：吴佳熙、傅天祺、顾远凌

主导课程：语文

相关课程：历史

课题组成员分工：

李冬梅老师——理论指导

吴佳熙——查找古希腊神话基本背景、概要内容

傅天祺——搜集古希腊神话故事的具体材料

顾远凌——理清古希腊神话中新旧神谱中诸神关系

课题提出背景：

希腊神话源于古老的爱琴文明，他们是西洋文明的始祖，具有卓越的天性和不凡的想像力。在那原始时代，他们对自然现象，对人的生死，都感到神秘和难解，于是他们不断地幻想、不断地沉思。在他们想像中，宇宙万物都拥有生命。然而在多利亚人入侵爱琴文明后，因为所生活的希腊半岛人口过剩，他们不得不向外寻拓生活空间。这时候他们崇拜英雄豪杰，因而产生了许多人神交织的民族英雄故事。这些众人所创造的人、神、物的故事，经由时间的淬链，就被史家统称为「希腊神话」

课题研究的目的与意义：

古希腊文明是世界上最早发源的文明，希腊神话是其代表。神话并非现实生活的科学反映，而是由于远古时代生产力的水平很低，人们不能科学地解释世界、自然现象和原始社会文化生活的起源和变化。古代希腊是最早进入文明时代的民族，古希腊文学是欧洲文学的真正开端，是西方文学的最早源头，是整个人类文化的最原始状态。古希腊文学中蕴涵着原始形态的“人”的观念，它经由古罗马文学对后来的西方文学，甚至是对整个西方的文化都产生了深远的影响。了解古希腊文学中的人文精神有助于我们更深刻地理解古希腊文学，为学习后世的欧洲文学乃至西方文学拉开完美的序幕。

开题可行性分析:

希腊神话以其天马行空的想象和引人入胜的故事情节深深激发了本组成员的兴趣，再加上现代科技（网络）和便捷的资料来源，使我们毫不犹豫的选择了这一课题。外加上老师悉心的教导与家长全力的支持，更减少了这次学习的困难，增加了可行性。

课题研究内容：古希腊神话与人文主义

开题时间：2010.11.1

结题时间：2011.2.25

课题具体研究步骤：

11月1日至20日：选定研究课题，撰写开题报告

11月21日至12月30日：搜集相关资料

1月1日至2月1日：深入课题，正式开始研究

2月8日至15日：结题，撰写研究报告

2月20日至25日：交流展示成果，反思总结失误与收获

研究方法：问卷调查法，文献研究法，访谈法

预期成果：

1.成功撰写研究论文

2.完成问卷调查统计图表

3.通过自主的研究性学习，扩宽知识面，积累写作素材，提高人文素养

成果表达形式：文字、图片、统计表格

古希腊民族在发展过程中曾几经变迁，他们的神话观念也在这种变迁中不断发生变化。这种变化的基本特点是由自然崇拜转向人性崇拜。人们所熟悉的这一时期的希腊神话的基本特点是人按照自己的形象创造神，赋予神以人性，甚至人的社会关系。神和人的基本区别在于神强大，常生不死，生活闲逸快乐；人类弱小，会死，生存艰辛，不得不经常求助于神明，但也常常诅咒神明作恶。古希腊人崇拜神，但同时赞美人，赞美人的勇敢和进取精神。古希腊人批评骄傲、残忍、虚荣、贪婪、暴戾、固执等人的性格弱点，并且认为往往正是这些性格弱点造成人生悲剧。古希腊人崇拜神，但并不赋予神明过分的崇高性，也不把神明作为道德衡量的标准，而是把他们作为人生的折射今日所知的希腊神话或传说大多来源于古希腊文学神话谈到诸神与世界的起源、诸神争夺最高地位及最后

由宙斯胜利的斗争、诸神的爱情与争吵、神的冒险与力量对凡世的影响，包括与暴风或季节等自然现象和崇拜地点与仪式的关系。希腊神话和传说中的故事有特洛伊战争、奥德修斯的游历、伊阿宋（Ι?ζων）寻找金羊毛、海格力斯（Ηρακλ??）的功绩、忒修斯（Θηζε??）的冒险和俄狄浦斯（Οιδ?που?）的悲剧。在那原始时代，他们对自然现象，对人的生死，都感到神秘和难解，于是他们不断地幻想、不断地沉思。在他们想像中，宇宙万物都拥有生命这时候他们崇拜英雄豪杰，因而产生了许多人神交织的民族英雄故事。希腊神话包括神的故事和英雄传说两个部分。神的故事涉及宇宙和人类的起源、神的产生及其谱系等内容。相传古希腊有奥林匹斯十二大神：宙斯——众神之主，赫拉——天后，波塞冬——海神，哈得斯——冥王，雅典娜——智慧女神，阿波罗——太阳神，阿尔忒弥斯——助产、狩猎与月亮女神，阿佛洛狄忒——美与爱女神，阿瑞斯——战神，赫菲斯托斯——火与工匠之神，赫尔墨斯——诸神的传令官，德墨忒尔——农事和丰产女神，狄俄尼索斯——酒神（经炉灶女神赫斯提让位）。他们掌管自然和生活的各种现象与事物，组成以宙斯为中心的奥林匹斯神统体系。英雄传说起源于对祖先的崇拜。这类传说中的主人公大都是神与人的后代，半神半人的英雄。他们体力过人，英勇非凡，体现了人类征服自然的豪迈气概和顽强意志，成为古代人民集体力量和智慧的化身。最著名的传说有赫拉克勒斯的十二件大功。，既有人的体态美，也有人的七情六欲，懂得喜怒哀乐，参与人的活动。神与人的区别仅仅在于前者永生，无死亡期；后者生命有限，有生老病死。神话以故事的形式表现了缘远古人民对自然，社会现象的认识和愿望，是”通过人民的幻想用一种不自觉的艺术方式加工过的自然和社会形式本身”．神话通常以神为主人公，他们包括各种自然神和神话了的英雄人物．神化的情节一般表现为变化，神力和法术．神话的意义通常显示表达了先民征服自然，变革社会的愿望．只有当人类何以凭借语言来表达自己的感情，表达对社会的领悟的时候，神话才有可能产生．原始社会生产力水平十分低下，面对难以捉摸和控制的自然界，人们不由自主的会产生一种神秘和敬畏的感情，而一些特殊的灾害性的自然现象，如地震，洪水，还有人类的生老病死等等，尤其能引起恐慌．人们由次幻想出世上存在着超自然的神灵和魔力，并对之加以膜拜，自然就在一定程度上被神话了．神话也就由此产

生．神话对于原始人类来说是非常重要的．首先，人们讲述神话，为的是保持社会习俗及社会制度的合理性．神话在维持人们的社会性上有重大的意义．其次，由于生产力低下，尤其面临着令人敬畏的自然界，个人必须把自己融入氏族之中才能生存．神话是把个人和集体联系为一体的一条强有力的精神纽带．再次，先民们在神秘而变换莫测的日常劳动和生活中，积累了相当多而强烈的情绪，神话故事可以使难以理解的现实呈现出种种戏剧性的属性，人们在对世界假想性的把握中宣泄了种种令人不安的情绪斯芬克斯之迷象征着难解之迷奥吉亚斯牛圈象征世界上最肮脏的地方,还有一个什么铁床,象征死板的教条不好意思记不得名字,回去给你查下木马计象征隐藏在内部的敌人潘多拉的宝盒象征一切灾难的来源

希腊文化是西方文明的起源地，而她的神话又伴随着希腊这个民族一步步进入文明时代，如果说爱琴海是希腊文明的摇篮，希腊神话就是摇篮上的吊灯，照亮她，伴她成长。古代希腊神话更富有意义的是近现

西方文化正是在神话和文学艺术互相推移促进的情况下发展起来的。从文艺复兴时期开始，希腊神话在欧洲引起广泛的注意和浓厚的兴趣。诗人文学家都纷纷用神话故事为创作素材。仅以英国文学为例，莎士比亚曾运用希腊神话作题材写了悲剧<<特洛伊罗斯与克瑞西达>>和长诗<<维纳斯与阿多尼斯>>。弥尔顿的<<科玛斯>>诗篇不长，却提到了三十多个希腊神话人物与故事。十九世纪英美浪漫主义诗人对绚丽多彩的希腊罗马神话更是赞口不绝。

浪漫主义诗人深受希腊神话的影响，喜欢运用神话材料写诗。雪莱的<<阿波罗颂>>、<<潘之歌>>，济慈的<<致普绪刻>>至今仍是脍灸人口的歌颂神话人物的美丽诗歌。然而，诗人引用神话典故，往往不仅仅是为了神话本身的瑰丽，而是借以寄托诗人的思想感情。他们往往借景抒情，取譬言志，抒发忧愤，针砭时弊。济慈以凡人恩底弥翁和月亮女神恋爱故事为题材的<<恩底弥翁>>表达他对至善至美的爱情与幸福的追求。雪莱的<<阿多尼斯>>借维纳斯的情人阿多尼斯为野猪残杀的神话表达他对济慈的悼念。希腊神话所描述的古人不屈服於命运的顽强意志，以及神和英雄们以超人的力量

和大自然进行的不屈不挠的斗争，都激动了浪漫主义诗人，启发了他们的遐想；浪漫诗人的诗歌又赋予古老的神话以新的生命。雪莱、拜伦、朗费罗等诗人都曾作诗讴歌为人类偷取火种的普罗米修斯。在拜伦笔下，普罗米修斯确实凛凛有生气，成为反抗压迫坚忍不拔的意志和力量的化身。雪莱的诗剧<<解放了的普罗米修斯>>塑造了这位不屈的斗士的新形象，全剧情绪振奋，调子昂扬，色彩鲜明，充分表现了诗人对革命的向往，富有强烈的时代气息。

不只是文学，在艺术方面，希腊神话入画的故事不胜枚举。文艺复兴时期米开朗琪罗、拉斐尔、达芬奇等大师运用神话主题作的画已经成为不朽巨作和人类文化的宝贵财富。在心理学方面，弗洛伊德借用误犯杀父娶母罪的俄狄浦斯王的故事创造了俄狄浦斯情结一词，在精神分析中指以本能冲动为核心的一种欲望。在文艺理论方面，二十世纪中叶涌现出一批以诺思罗普弗赖伊为首的文艺理论家，认为一切文学类型以及所有作品的每个情节布局，包括表面看来极其复杂和十分真实的作品，无不重复某些神话原型人物和神话的基本公式。希腊神话还大大丰富了英语语言。有些词汇，如chaotic（混乱的）、hypnotic（催眠的）、martial（军事的）、tantalize（逗弄）等，追根溯源，都来自希腊神话。希腊神话在西方社会流传极广，影响深远，渗透到了生活的各个方面。甚至连科技发展计划的命名都有取诸神话故事的，如我们常听说的 三叉戟飞机、阿波罗计划、波塞冬号潜水艇等等。有些神话中的人名、地名和典故早已进入日常生活，成为妇孺皆知的常用语了，例如，特洛伊的木马、潘多拉的盒子，不和的苹果，阿喀琉斯的脚跟等等。

值得注意的是，古代罗马人仰慕希腊文化，古希腊文明没落的时候正式罗马崛起的时候，罗马人几乎全盘接受了希腊的众神，只是在性格上有些不同（因为罗马和希腊两个民族的性格的不同造成的）。希腊的神话也就由着这个大一统的古代大帝国罗马传到了西方的各地，并深刻的影响了西方以及世界的文化，丰富的资料和参证。

希腊罗马神话是世界文化遗产，通过罗马文学输入欧洲，经过文艺复兴时期，对欧洲文艺的发展起了重要的影响。神话丰富了文学艺术，卓越的文学艺术又反过来给古代神话以新的生命。西方文化正是在神话和文学艺术互相推移促进的情况下发展起来的。

第五篇：古希腊神话词汇

希腊神话与英语词汇 来源：

一 源于希腊神仙名讳的英语单词

1、Flora：古希腊罗马神话中的花神。她嫁给了西风之神Zephyr，丈夫送给她一座满是奇花异草的园子。春天时，Flora和丈夫Zephyr手挽 手在园子里漫步，他们一路走过的地方百花齐放。Flora在现代英语里指代“植物”。衍生词:flower，flour，flourish，floral，florist。

2、Muses(缪斯)：希腊神话中掌管艺术的诸神。共九位，分别是历史、抒情诗、喜剧(牧歌、田园诗)、悲剧、歌舞、爱情诗、颂歌、天文、史诗。Muses的艺术衍生出单词music，Muses收藏艺术品的地方就是museum。艺术带来的快乐便是amuse，amusement。

3、Pan(潘)：牧神和森林之神，受打扰时会大声吼叫。衍生词panic(惊慌，恐慌)。

4、Titan(泰坦)：曾统治世界的巨人族的一员。Titan在现代英语里指代高大强壮的人，重要人物。衍生词titanic意指巨大的，极大的。“泰 坦尼克号”即以此命名。

5、Zephyrus(泽费罗斯)：西风之神。衍生词zephyr(西风，和风，微风)。

6、Atlas：希腊神话中Titans(泰坦)巨神之一，因背叛Zeus(宙斯)被罚在世界的西边尽头以双肩扛天。16世纪地理学家麦卡脱把Atlas擎天 图作为一本地图册的卷首插图。后人争相效仿，atlas从此有了地图、地图集、身负重担的人的含义。其他衍生词：Atlantic。

7、Ceres：庄稼保护神。古罗马遭受大旱，教士们求助女巫占卜，占卜的结果是要立一位新的女神Ceres，向她供奉，这样她就会给大地带来雨水。此 后，Ceres就变成了庄稼的保护神。cereal从拉丁语变化而来，意即“of Ceres”属于谷物女神的。衍生词：cereals(谷类，早餐麦片)。

8、Cronos：宙斯的父亲。害怕子女反抗自己，曾吞食自己的后代。就像无情的时间，吞噬一切。因此字根“chron”意指“time”。衍生 词：chronic(耗费时间的，慢性的)：chronology(年代学，年表)。

9、Eros(厄洛斯)：爱神。是一位生有双翼的美少年，相当于罗马神话中的Cupid(丘比特)。不管是Eros还是Cupid，成天无所事事，在天上飞来飞去练习射箭，搞得大家人心 惶惶。所以他们衍生出的单词都含贬义:erotic色情的：cupidity贪心，贪婪。

10、Hygeia：希腊健康女神，其形象为年轻女子，身着白色长衣(白大褂)，头戴祭司冠，用饭碗喂着一条蛇。衍生词：hy-giene。

11、Morpheus：希腊神话中的梦神。梦神是睡神Hypnos的儿子，掌管人们的梦境。衍生词：morphine(吗啡)，marijuana(大麻)，两者都是opium(鸦片)的提取物。morphine有麻醉镇定的作用。

二 源于希腊神话的英语习语

1、Pandora’s box(潘朵拉的盒子)：普罗米修斯(Prometheus)为人类盗来了天火，激怒了宙斯(Zeus)。Zeus决定惩罚人类，于是他命令火神造出一个美貌的女人 Pandora，让她去勾引Prometheus的弟弟埃比米修斯(Epimetheus)。结果Epimetheus上当，接近了 Pandora，Pandora于是就将手中的盒子打开，放出了里面的罪恶、灾难、疾病、不幸，只留下了“希望”在盒子里。于是Pandora’s box就成了“灾难的根源”的代名词。

2、the sword of Damocles(达摩克利斯之剑)[3]：Damocles是叙拉古王朝的一位大臣，非常羡慕帝王的荣华富贵。一天，国王让他坐在王位上，在 Damocles的头上用一根头发悬一把利剑，告诉他王权的危险就象那把剑一样，随时可能降临。因此the sword of Damocles就成了“富贵中隐藏的危险”的同义语，也可以指形势危急，千钧一发。

3、Damon and Pythias[3] ：Damon和Pythias是好朋友。Pythias出事被判了死刑，为了使他能够回家探视亲人，Damo留在牢中作人质，如果Pythias不按时返 回，就处死Damon。当期限满，临处刑之际，Pythias及时赶回。国王深受感动，将二人全部释放，因此，Damon and Pythias意思就是“生死之交”。

4、Penelop’s web：源自史诗《奥德赛》(Odyssey)[4]。泊涅罗珀(Penelop)是奥底修斯(Odysseus)的妻子，以忠贞而著称。特洛伊战争持续 了十年，Odysseus在返家的途中又耽搁了十年。在这漫长的二十年中，许多王公贵族向Penelop求婚，她都托辞说必须等织完布后才能予以考虑，一 到晚上，她又将白天织好的布再拆开。因此Penelop’s web就成了一项永远也完不成的工作。

5、apple of discord[5]：意思是“不和的根源、发生纠纷的事端”。佩琉斯和忒提斯举行婚礼时忘记了邀请不和女神厄里斯(Eris)。这位女神大为恼火，留下 一个刻有“献给最美者”的金苹果，引起了雅典娜、赫拉和阿芙罗狄忒的纷争。此事导致漫长的特洛伊战争(Trojan War)。

6、Judgment of Paris[5]：意思是“不爱江山爱美人”。Eri不请自来到众神的聚会，离开时留下金苹果。三位女神为了争夺金苹果不分高下，决定让Zeus决定，宙 斯无法在自己的妻子、智慧女神和爱与美的女神之间抉择。为难之际，Zeu拨开云雾向人间看去，看到了Troy的二王子Paris正在牧羊于是将决定权交给 了Paris。三个女神分别以“最大的疆土”，“最智慧的头脑”和“最美丽的女人”作为诱惑，而最终Paris放弃了江山选择了Venus，获得了最美丽 的女人海伦。

7、Helen of Troy：由于是Helen导致特洛伊城的沦陷，“Helen of Troy”就成了“红颜祸水，倾国尤物”的代名词。

8、The Trojan horse[4]：意思是“用以使敌方或对手上当误以为于自己有益的破坏性的事物或人”。在特洛伊战争中，希腊人为了攻打特洛伊城，造了一匹巨大的木马，其中藏有希腊士兵。他们故意装出弃木马逃走的样子，特洛伊人将木马作为战利品请进城。半夜，士兵们从木马内爬出，将城中的人杀死。特洛伊城陷落。The Trojan Horse经过不断引用已成为一个广泛流传的成语，常用来比喻the hidden danger(暗藏的危险)； the covert

wreckers(内奸)：to engage in underhandactivities等意义。

9、Stables of Augeas(奥革阿斯的牛圈)：意思是“最肮脏的地方：积累成堆难以解决的问题”。厄利斯国王奥革阿斯有牛数千头，牛圈三十年未扫。赫剌克勒斯(Heracles)用一天时间将其打扫干净。

10、Achilles’heel:希腊勇士，人与神的结晶。出生之后被母亲倒提着在冥河中浸过，除了足跟之外，全身刀枪不入。最终在特洛伊战争中死于 Paris箭下。Achilles’heel意指“金无足赤，人无完人”，特指唯一致命弱点、缺点。

11、Swan song[3]：字面译做“天鹅之歌”，源于希腊成语Kykneion asma。在古希腊神话中，天鹅是阿波罗的神鸟，故常用来比喻文艺。传说天鹅平素不唱歌，而在它死前，必引颈长鸣，高歌一曲，其歌声哀婉动听，感人肺腑。这是它一生中唯一的，也是最后的一次唱歌。因此，现代英语中这个习语比喻某诗人、作家、作曲家临终前的一部杰作，或者是某个演员、歌唱家的最后一次表演。早在公元前6世纪，古希腊寓言作家伊索(Aisopos)的寓言故事中，就有“天鹅临死才唱歌”的说法。在英国，乔叟、莎士比亚等伟大诗人、剧作家，都使 用过这个成语典故。如:莎翁的著名悲剧《奥赛罗》(Othello)中塑造的爱米莉娅形象，她在生死关头站出来揭穿其丈夫的罪行。她临死时把自己比做天 鹅，一生只唱最后一次歌[6]。

12、Under the rose：直译“在玫瑰花底下”。源自古罗马神话故事。爱神丘比特(Cupid)是爱与美之神维纳斯(venus红杏出墙和战神玛斯(Mars)所生的儿 子。为了维护其母的声誉，丘比特给沉默之神哈伯克拉底(Harpocrates)送了一束玫瑰花，请他守口如瓶，不要把维纳斯的风流韵事传播出去。哈伯克 拉底接受了玫瑰花就缄默不语了，成为名副其实的“沉默之神”。由于这个神话传说，古罗马人把玫瑰花当作沉默或严守秘密的象征，并在日常生活中相尚成风。人 们去串门做客，当看到主人家的桌子上方画有玫瑰，客人就了解在这桌上所谈的一切均不应外传。Under the rose于是有了“秘密地，私下地，暗中”的意义。