南非黑人总统曼德拉为何能赢得全世界的尊重(范文大全)

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第一篇:南非黑人总统曼德拉为何能赢得全世界的尊重

http://lishiquwen.com/news/47726.html 南非黑人总统曼德拉为何能赢得全世界的尊重

曼德拉为什么坐牢

曼德拉为什么坐牢呢?这个问题其实非常简单,曼德拉作为反白人种族主义统治的黑人运动的领导人,自然会被当时统治南非的白种人视为眼中钉,将他逮捕入狱是非常正常的事情。

曼德拉从小就对种族歧视的感到反感,他立志于建立一个种族平等的民主国家。于是他加入了南非的非国大,一个反对种族隔离制度的组织,在那里,曼德拉提出了自己抵制白人统治的主张,从此开始积极的投身到政治运动中。曼德拉建立了非国大的青年联盟并成为主席,在职期间,一直热衷于宣传反对白人种族隔离制度,导致南非当地政府两次下令禁止曼德拉参加群众集会。

1962年,南非种族隔离政权在美国中情局的帮助下,将曼德拉逮捕入狱。一开始是以煽动罪和非法越境判处了曼德拉五年的监禁。曼德拉确实是在组织群众宣传自己的理念,确实有秘密远赴亚洲参加反非自由大会,但是这些并不是罪。在监禁了曼德拉两年后,南非当局又以新的更严重的“企图以暴力推翻政府”罪名,判了曼德拉无期徒刑,就此,曼德拉开始在监狱里待了27年。曼德拉被判处无期徒刑后,就被押往罗本岛监狱,他在这里受到了非人的待遇。曼德拉在罗本岛待了18年后,又被转移到了波尔斯摩尔监狱。直到后来黑人运动不断兴起,南非当局迫于舆论压力,才终于将曼德拉释放。

曼德拉的宽容

曼德拉的宽容是非常有名的,他用他的宽容化解了整个国家的仇恨。1990年,南非当局在一片骂声中,宣布废除种族隔离制度,并且无条件释放曼德拉。2月21日,曼德拉在全球瞩目中走出了监狱,27年的与世隔绝,让他面对记者的麦克风时,显得有些窘迫。

宣布废除种族隔离制度容易,但是要彻底消除人们心中的对立和仇恨,却是一条非常艰难的道路。曼德拉的重获自由,意味着南非黑人的政治力量也达到了空前的高度。但是在黑人政治势力中,也是被分为两派的。一派自然是以曼德拉为首的正常民族解放运动分子,而另一派则是与曼德拉作对的因卡塔自由党。http://lishiquwen.com/news/47726.html 白人政府常常利用这两个党派的矛盾,让黑人内部发生冲突。只要黑人冲突越多,大家就会觉得只有白人专制才是最好的选择。于是在白人政府的暗中支持下,南非的流血冲突越来越多,一年间因为冲突牺牲的人达到了3500多。但是曼德拉没有让这种局势持续太久。作为一只声称要推翻白人专制统治的曼德拉没有选择做一名激进的革命者,而是选择了和平抗议和谈判。

曼德拉一直致力于解决黑人内部的矛盾,一边与白人政府谈判,一边消除那些黑人内心的仇恨。“将悲痛、愤怒化为动力,向前迈进,建立一个真正的民有、民治、民享的政府,这才是拯救我们国家的唯一出路。”不管是白人还是黑人,都将曼德拉的这句话听了进去,南非国内的冲突渐渐地消停了。

曼德拉的人物影响

曼德拉是全世界人民谈起南非最先想到的人物,这是因为曼德拉的人物影响力是非常强大。不只是对南非,更有对世界,曼德拉的影响范围是非常广的。在上个世纪90年代,南非这块地方竟然还实行着种族隔离制度,这让人觉得匪夷所思,因为这是当时世界内独有的。

那么南非为什么还实行着这个世界上早已经被废除了好久的制度呢?原来是因为反抗这个制度的领导人还被关在监狱里。这位领导人就是曼德拉了,他被白人政府整整关了27年。曼德拉一直主张非暴力,非暴力这条道路是俄国的托尔斯泰提出的,印度的甘地将这一条道路进行了具体实践,美国的马丁路德金也一直遵循着非暴力的原则,而曼德拉更是非暴力的忠实拥护者。

曼德拉的所作所为不仅仅是南非黑人的希望,更是感动了全世界的人民。因此曼德拉在南非的反抗行动得到了全世界人民的同情和支持,使得南非种族制度解体的进程加快,黑人和白人的地位终于平等了。曼德拉也成为了南非的首位黑人总统。

曼德拉在监狱里关了那么久,常人几乎无法想象他是怎么熬过来的。27年的时间,光是在精神上就可以让一个人垮掉,但是曼德拉却满怀人世间的希望和热情,对所有的人都充满了爱,包括他的敌对势力。曼德拉认为革命是必要的,但是如果可以用非暴力的方式解决问题,就可以避免许多无谓的牺牲。曼德拉也因此影响了全世界,他不仅得到了黑人的尊重,同样还得到了白人的爱戴。

曼德拉的评价 http://lishiquwen.com/news/47726.html 曼德拉是南非黑人运动的领袖,因此关于曼德拉的评价大部分都是正面的。曼德拉是全球政治家中,唯一一个被所有国家认同的政治家。不管是英国、法国、美国、中国等世界强国,还是古巴、委内瑞拉等小强国,都给予曼德拉高度评价。

曼德拉是一位图腾式的人物,拥有非凡的个人魅力。曼德拉具有坚定的政治理想,毕竟一个政治家,如果没有理想是不行的,但是如果光有理想也是不行的,因此大家对曼德拉最客观的评价就是:曼德拉是个好领袖,但却不是一个好领导。

曼德拉可以说是南非的“国父”,他当上总统之后,并没有贪恋权力,一届任期到了之后,曼德拉就自己主动辞职,没有连任南非的总统。毕竟他作为南非黑人运动的领导人物,当选第一任总统是必然趋势。在曼德拉辞职之后,南非就进入了后曼德拉时代。这种时期不仅仅是南非,包括韩国的朴正熙、印尼的苏哈托等,他们当时退位的时候,国家都进入了这样的一段转型期。

南非也是如此,进入了这样的一段转型期。其实这段时期我们可以归结为是这些人的负面历史资产清算的过程。南非在这一时期的主要表现就是逆向歧视。许多南非的白人都移居国外,南非的经济遭受了重创。但是每个人都不是完美的,我们没理由要求曼德拉的一生没有任何错误。

第二篇:南非总统曼德拉纪念

南非前总统曼德拉逝世 享年95岁

South Africa's first black president and anti-apartheid icon Nelson Mandela has died at the age of 95.南非首位黑人前总统,反抗种族隔离政策的政治领袖纳尔逊·曼德拉逝世,享年95岁。Mr Mandela led South Africa's transition from white-minority rule in the 1990s, after 27 years in prison for his political activities.曼德拉曾经因政治活动在监狱里度过27年,1990年代他领导南非从白人少数统治过渡到了现今的民主制度。

He had been receiving intensive medical care at home for a lung infection after spending three months in hospital.曼德拉因肺部感染在医院里呆了将近三个月,之后他一直在家中休养并接受严密的医疗看护。

Announcing the news on South African national TV, President Jacob Zuma said Mr Mandela was at peace.根据南非国家电视台的新闻报道,南非总统祖马称曼德拉逝世时十分安详。“Our nation has lost its greatest son,” Mr Zuma said.南非总统祖马说,“我们的国家失去了其最伟大的儿子。”

“Although we knew that this day would come, nothing can diminish our sense of a profound and enduring loss.” “尽管我们知道这一天终究会来临,但我们仍然感到遭受了巨大和无法弥补的损失。” He said Mr Mandela would receive a full state funeral, and flags would be flown at half-mast.他称南非将为曼德拉举行国葬,全国降半旗。

A crowd has gathered outside the house where Mr Mandela died.Some are flying South African flags and wearing the shirts of the governing African National Congress, which Mr Mandela once led.人群聚集在曼德拉的宅邸门外。有些人挥舞着南非国旗,有些人穿着主持南非政府的非洲国会政党的衬衫。曼德拉曾是这一党的领袖。

The Nobel Peace Prize laureate was one of the world's most revered statesmen after preaching reconciliation despite being imprisoned for 27 years.曼德拉曾获得过诺贝尔和平奖。他在经历了27年的牢狱之灾后仍然鼓励种族和谐,因而成为全世界最受尊敬的政治领袖之一。

He had rarely been seen in public since officially retiring in 2004.He made his last public appearance in 2010, at the football World Cup in South Africa.在2004年宣布退休之后,曼德拉很少在公共场合露面。公众最后一次见到他是在2010年南非举办足球世界杯期间。

His fellow campaigner against apartheid, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, said he was “not only an amazing gift to humankind, he made South Africans and Africans feel good about being who we are.He made us walk tall.God be praised.” 曾与曼德拉一道抵制种族隔离政策的南非大主教德斯蒙德·图图说,曼德拉“不仅是上天赐给南非的礼物,而且也激起了南非人民和非洲人民的民族自豪感。他让我们趾高气扬充满自信。感谢上帝。”

BBC correspondents say Mr Mandela's body will be moved to a mortuary in the capital, Pretoria, and the funeral is likely to take place next Saturday.据英国广播电视台驻地记者报道,曼德拉的遗体将被暂时转移到南非行政首都比勒陀利亚的停尸间,葬礼预计将在下周六举行。

【新闻快讯】据外电报道,南非总统祖玛宣布,南非首位黑人总统、反种族隔离斗士、前总统曼德拉去世,享年95岁。祖玛在国家电视台讲话中表示,曼德拉在平静中离开,“我们的国家失去了她最伟大的儿子”。

祖马同时宣布,南非将为曼德拉举行国葬。全国将从12月6日起降半旗致哀,直至国葬结束。联合国秘书长潘基文5日发表声明,对于曼德拉的逝世表示哀悼。潘基文在声明当中高度评价了曼德拉的一生,把他称作是世界舞台上一位非凡的人物,是一位“正 义的巨人”。美国总统奥巴马5日也在白宫发表电视讲话悼念曼德拉,称“我们失去了地球上最有影响力、最勇敢、最好的一个人”

第三篇:赢得全世界尊敬的曼德拉

赢得全世界尊敬的曼德拉

昨天,2013年12月15日,南非政府为南非前总统曼德拉举行国葬。在离开故乡乌姆塔塔外出闯荡近80载后,纳尔逊.曼德拉终于落叶归根,魂归故里。来自世界几十个国家的政要出席仪式。一个国家的前领导人逝世,不仅让这个国家举国哀悼,而且也震动了全世界,这是极其罕见的。联合国为之降半旗,潘基文秘书长发表悼念讲话。世界各国的领导人都已不同方式表达哀悼。还有全世界难以计数的人们也为这位老人的离去而悲伤。那么曼德拉用什么魅力征服了这个世界,赢得全世界人民的尊敬呢?

我觉得曼德拉这个名字此时此刻已经不完全代表一个人,而是代表着一种精神和一种力量。这个名字所代表的是奋斗、坚忍、执着、宽容、平等、博爱,以及百折不挠,勇往直前的精神力量。他坚持自己的信念,“虽九死其犹未毁。”哪怕是身陷囹圄27年,依然斗志不减。如果是普通人即使能挺过牢狱里的27个春秋,出来时也早已如槁木死灰了。但曼德拉就是曼德拉,他入狱时44岁,出狱时已经71岁高龄。监狱的岁月只是改变了他的容颜,在他的脸上刻下岁月的风霜。而他的心却依然年轻,如一团火一样热烈的燃烧着。出狱后的他积极投身自己未完成的事业,为南非的自由与平等努力奋斗,终于使南非废除种族隔离制度,迎来崭新的时代。

他的出狱不仅让饱受压迫的南非黑人们为之欢呼雀跃,而且也让全世界所有爱好自由与和平的人们深受鼓舞。Beyond乐队有首脍炙人口的歌曲《光辉岁月》,也许很多人并不知道这首歌正是1988年黄家驹从非洲归来为曼德拉创作的颂歌。歌中唱到:“今天只有残留的躯壳,迎接光辉岁月,风雨中抱紧自由;一生经过彷徨的挣扎,自信可改变未来,问谁又能做到。”的确,除了曼德拉以外,谁又能做到呢?用北宋文豪苏轼的话说就是:“古之立大事者,不惟有超世之才,亦必有坚韧不拔之志。

曼德拉更让人佩服的一点就是他的宽容和博爱精神。南非的黑人长期以来一直被白人当局压迫,在南非社会中地位最低下。曼德拉本人也长期遭南非白人当局迫害和关押。但曼德拉出狱并当选南非总统后并没有打压报复过任何人,而是以德报怨,调和黑人与白人之间积压数百年的矛盾,使得不同种族,不同肤色的人们终于能平等地在这片彩色的土地上自由生活。南非也赢得了“彩虹之国”的美誉。曼德拉并不迷恋权位,仅仅当了一任总统,在身体还很健康的时候选择了退休,也没有让他的子女接班。他所做的一切的的确确都是为了他的祖国和人民,而不是为自己谋私利。因此他开创了一个没有等级制度,没有剥削压迫,只有民主和自由的新南非。他是新南非的国父,同样也是新南非的民主之父。他的奋斗历程和执政理念也为世界其他国家提供了一个很好的样板。

作为一个政治人物,能够有这样博大的胸怀,能不迷恋权位无疑是极其难得的。如果你不知道曼德拉有多伟大,那么你不妨看一看印尼前总统苏哈托、伊拉克前总统萨达姆、利比亚前总统卡扎菲、还有埃及前总统穆巴拉克这些政治人物的下场,他们视权位如生命,在总统宝座上一坐就是几十年,为保住自己权力地位不惜大开杀戒,最终只能落得被推翻的甚至丧命的结局。而如朝鲜的金氏家族,叙利亚的阿萨德家族都是子承父业,搞起封建社会的“家天下”那一套,结果叙利亚政局风雨飘摇,朝鲜也长期处于贫困落后的局面。一个国家没有了民主的精神,只有领导人一家独大是注定不会有好结果的。

所以曼德拉无论在哪个方面说都无愧于“一代伟人”的称号。所谓的“伟人”并不是这个人有多高的地位,而是他所做的事都是有益于国家与人民的,都能代表一种精神与力量。拿这个标准去衡量,在当今世界里,真正的伟人是屈指可数的。曼德拉的逝世让世界失去了一位真正的伟人,但他的精神是不朽的,这样的精神会超越种族,超越国别,超越时空,永远激励后人。从这个意义上说,曼德拉并没有走,也许就活在我们每一个人的心中。

第四篇:1994年南非总统尼尔森曼德拉就职演讲

1994年南非总统尼尔森曼德拉就职演讲

“ Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate.Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure.We ask ourselves, Who am I to be ?Brilliant, gorgeous, talented, fabulous? Actually, who are you not to be? We were born to make manifest the glory of God that is within us.And as we let our own light shine, we unconsciously give other people permission to do the same.”

from Nelson Mandela Inauguration Speech, 1994

我们最深的恐惧不是能力不够,我们最深的恐惧是能力超越了界限。扪心自问,我们想成为什么样的人?智者,天才,名人,伟人,事实上,哪一样你不能做到呢?我们生来就是为了证明上帝赋予了我们荣光,而我们让自己发出光芒,在不知不觉中,也感染了他人。(此版本为CCTV6播放的中文配音版本的对应台词)

我们最恐惧的不是我们做不到,我们最恐惧的是我们的能力无法估量,我们扪心自问,我是不是聪明的慷慨的,才华横溢和出类拔萃的?事实上你为什么不能这样呢?我们生来就是为了证明,上帝的光芒在我们身上,而我们让自己发出光芒,我们不知不觉中也赋予别人这样做的权利。

第五篇:奥巴马总统在南非前总统曼德拉追悼会上的悼辞

Barack Obama:Remarks at Memorial Service for Former South African President Nelson Mandela

巴拉克•奥巴马在在南非前总统曼德拉追悼会上的悼辞

Delivered December 10, 2013, First National Bank Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa 2013年12月10日发表于南非约翰内斯堡国家第一银行运动场

张少军译、校

Thank you.(Applause.)Thank you so much.Thank you.To Graça Machel and the Mandela family;to President Zuma and members of the government;to heads of states and government, past and present;distinguished guests--it is a singular honor to be with you today, to celebrate a life like no other.To the people of South Africa--(applause)--people of every race and walk of life--the world thanks you for sharing Nelson Mandela with us.His struggle was your struggle.His triumph was your triumph.Your dignity and your hope found expression in his life.And your freedom, your democracy is his cherished legacy.谢谢你们!非常感谢你们!谢谢各位!格拉萨•马歇尔(莫桑比克前总统马歇尔遗孀、曼德拉的最后一任妻子)、曼德拉家族成员、祖马总统和政府成员、各国或各政府的前任或现任首脑、尊敬的各位嘉宾:今天能和你们一起来纪念一位非凡的人是一种难得的荣誉。南非人民——各种族各行业的南非人:世界感谢你们和我们一起分享曼德拉。他的奋斗就是你们的奋斗。他的凯旋就是你们的凯旋。你们的尊严与希望在他的生命中找到了最好的表达,你们的自由与民主政体是他最宝贵的遗产。

It is hard to eulogize any man--to capture in words not just the facts and the dates that make a life, but the essential truth of a person--their private joys and sorrows;the quiet moments and unique qualities that illuminate someone’s soul.How much harder to do so for a giant of history, who moved a nation toward justice, and in the process moved billions around the world.颂扬一个人其实很难——光凭言语,不仅要捕捉那些造就一个生命的事实与岁月,更要描绘一个人的本质精神,描绘那能够揭示某人灵魂的他那私密的欢乐与悲哀,他那安静的时刻与独特的品质;而要颂扬一位历史巨人,一位鼓舞一个国家走向正义并在这过程中鼓舞了全球几十亿人民的巨人,更是难上加难。Born during World War I, far from the corridors of power, a boy raised herding cattle and tutored by the elders of his Thembu tribe, Madiba would emerge as the last great liberator of the 20th century.Like Gandhi, he would lead a resistance movement--a movement that at its start had little prospect for success.Like Dr.King, he would give potent voice to the claims of the oppressed and the moral necessity of racial justice.He would endure a brutal imprisonment that began in the time of Kennedy and Khrushchev, and reached the final days of the Cold War.Emerging from prison, without the force of arms, he would--like Abraham Lincoln--hold his country together when it threatened to break apart.And like America’s Founding Fathers, he would erect a constitutional order to preserve freedom for future generations--a commitment to democracy and rule of law ratified not only by his election, but by his willingness to step down from power after only one term.出生于第一次世界大战期间,远离权力的中心,在放牧牲口中长大,在坦布部落长者的教导下成人,马迪巴(部落长者给曼德拉的荣誉头衔,后来成了曼德拉的同义词)将成为20世纪最后一位伟大的解放者。如同甘地,他将领导一个反抗运动——一个开始时几乎看不到成功前景的运动;如同马丁•路德•金博士,他为被压迫者为种族平等的道德必要性发出有力的声音;他将忍受残酷的监禁,从肯尼迪与赫鲁晓夫的时代开始,直到冷战的结束;出狱后,放弃武力,如同亚伯拉罕•林肯,他将把他面临分裂威胁的国家团结在一起;如同美国的开国领袖们,他将建立宪政秩序为未来的世世代代保有自由——不仅通过选举执政,而且通过一届总统任期后的自愿放弃权力,来信守他对民主和法治的承诺。

Given the sweep of his life, the scope of his accomplishments, the adoration that he so rightly earned, it’s tempting I think to remember Nelson Mandela as an icon, smiling and serene, detached from the tawdry affairs of lesser men.But Madibahimself strongly resisted such a lifeless portrait.(Applause.)Instead, Madiba insisted on sharing with us his doubts and his fears;his miscalculations along with his victories.“I am not a saint,” he said, “unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.”

鉴于他旋风般的一生、他生平成就的高度、他理应赢得的爱戴,我想,建一座平静微笑的、区别于一般人俗艳浮夸的雕像来纪念纳尔逊•曼德拉,应该是一个诱人的想法。然而曼德拉本人强烈反对这样一种毫无生气的雕像。反之,曼德拉坚持与我们一起分享他的怀疑与畏惧,以及伴随着胜利的他的失误。“我不是圣人,”他说,“除非你们认为圣人就是一个不断努力的罪犯。”

It was precisely because he could admit to imperfection--because he could be so full of good humor, even mischief, despite the heavy burdens he carried--that we loved him so.He was not a bust made of marble;he was a man of flesh and blood--a son and a husband, a father and a friend.And that’s why we learned so much from him, and that’s why we can learn from him still.For nothing he achieved was inevitable.In the arc of his life, we see a man who earned his place in history through struggle and shrewdness, and persistence and faith.He tells us what is possible not just in the pages of history books, but in our own lives as well.正因为他能够承认自身的不完美,他是那样充满幽默感,所以他即便身负重任依然是那样淘气——而我们也喜欢他这样。他不是大理石雕制的半身像,他是一个有血有肉的人——一个儿子、一个丈夫、一个父亲、一位朋友。这就是为什么,我们从他身上学到如此之多;这就是为什么,我们依然要向他学习。他所取得的成功,没有一样是必然发生的。在他生命的轨迹中,我们认识到一个人是如何凭借奋斗、机敏、坚持与信念来赢得自己在历史上的地位。他告诉我们,那些关于何事具有可能性的知识,不单写在历史课本上,也写在我们的生活实践中。

Mandela showed us the power of action;of taking risks on behalf of our ideals.Perhaps Madiba was right that he inherited, “a proud rebelliousness, a stubborn sense of fairness” from his father.And we know he shared with millions of black and colored South Africans the anger born of, “a thousand slights, a thousand indignities, a thousand unremembered moments…a desire to fight the system that imprisoned my people,” he said.曼德拉向我们显示了行动的力量以及为理想而甘冒风险的力量。也许曼德拉是对的,当他说到他从父亲那里继承了“一种生气勃勃的叛逆精神,一种不屈不挠的正义感”。当他说到他与数百万黑人及南非有色人种共同的愤怒——一种产生于无数侮辱、无数轻蔑、无数被遗忘时刻的愤怒,一种反抗那禁锢了我的人民的制度的愿望。”(我怀疑原文此处有错:And we know与he said应删去一处)

But like other early giants of the ANC--the Sisulus and Tambos--Madiba disciplined his anger and channeled his desire to fight into organization, and platforms, and strategies for action, so men and women could stand up for their God-given dignity.Moreover, he accepted the consequences of his actions, knowing that standing up to powerful interests and injustice carries a price.“I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination.I’ve cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”(Applause.)但是像“非国大”的早期领导人西苏禄与坦博一样,马迪巴压抑他的怒火,把他战斗的渴望导入组织、论坛以及行动策略的研究,以便人们能够挺身而出,维护他们与生俱来的尊严。更重要的是,他承担行动的后果,知道挺身而出反对强大的利益集团与社会不公必然付出代价。“我反对白人专政也反对黑人专政。我珍视民主与自由社会的理想——在那里,所有人和谐共处、机会平等。这是一个我希望能活着实现的理想;然而如果必要,我也准备为之牺牲。”

Mandela taught us the power of action, but he also taught us the power of ideas;the importance of reason and arguments;the need to study not only those who you agree with, but also those who you don’t agree with.He understood that ideas cannot be contained by prison walls, or extinguished by a sniper’s bullet.He turned his trial into an indictment of apartheid because of his eloquence and his passion, but also because of his training as an advocate.He used decades in prison to sharpen his arguments, but also to spread his thirst for knowledge to others in the movement.And he learned the language and the customs of his oppressor so that one day he might better convey to them how their own freedom depend upon his.(Applause.)曼德拉告诉我们行动的力量,也告诉我们理想的力量。他告诉我们推理与辩论的重要,也告诉我们学习的必要——不仅向那些与我们志同道合的人学习,也向那些与我们意见不同的人学习。他懂得,监狱的大墙关不住信念,狙击手的子弹杀不死信念。他能够把对自己的审判转变成对种族隔离政策的控诉,不仅因为他的雄辩与激情,也得益于他作为一个演说家的训练。他用被监禁的几十年时间来磨砺淬炼他的辩论技巧,他还把自己对知识的渴望传递给运动中的其他人。他学习他的压迫者的语言与习惯,以便有一天能够更好地告诉他们,压迫者自身的自由其实奠基于他的自由之上。Mandela demonstrated that action and ideas are not enough.No matter how right, they must be chiseled into law and institutions.He was practical, testing his beliefs against the hard surface of circumstance and history.On core principles he was unyielding, which is why he could rebuff offers of unconditional release, reminding the Apartheid regime that “prisoners cannot enter into contracts.”

曼德拉证明,仅有行动与想法是不够的。不管有多么正确,它们必须形成法律与制度。他是一个注重实践的人,他总是让自己的信仰接受现实与历史的检验。他在核心原则上是绝不动摇的,这就是为什么他能拒绝“无条件释放”的提议,提醒种族隔离政权“囚犯不能订立契约”。

But as he showed in painstaking negotiations to transfer power and draft new laws, he was not afraid to compromise for the sake of a larger goal.And because he was not only a leader of a movement but a skillful politician, the Constitution that emerged was worthy of this multiracial democracy, true to his vision of laws that protect minority as well as majority rights, and the precious freedoms of every South African.然而正如他在权力移交和法律起草的艰苦谈判中所显示的那样,他从不害怕为了更远大的目标而退让妥协。而也正因为他不仅是一个群众运动的领导者,更是一位精明干练的政治家;所以后来形成的南非《宪法》不仅与南非多民族民主政体相称,也符合曼德拉关于法律的愿景——法律要像保护多数人的权利一样保护少数人的权利,保护每一个南非人宝贵的自由。

And finally, Mandela understood the ties that bind the human spirit.There is a word in South Africa – Ubuntu--(applause)--a word that captures Mandela’s greatest gift: his recognition that we are all bound together in ways that are invisible to the eye;that there is a oneness to humanity;that we achieve ourselves by sharing ourselves with others, and caring for those around us.说到底,曼德拉意识到那维系人类精神的纽带。南非有一个词叫“乌班图”(Ubuntu,意为“人道对待他人”),这个词其实就体现了曼德拉最伟大的天赋——他承认有一条看不见的纽带把人类联系在一起,他认识到人性是统一的——我们只有和其他人分享自我并关心周围的人,我们才能最终实现与完成自我。We can never know how much of this sense was innate in him, or how much was shaped in a dark and solitary cell.But we remember the gestures, large and small--introducing his jailers as honored guests at his inauguration;taking a pitch in a Springbok uniform;turning his family’s heartbreak into a call to confront HIV/AIDS--that revealed the depth of his empathy and his understanding.He not only embodied Ubuntu, he taught millions to find that truth within themselves.我们永远不会知道这种意识有多少得自天赋,有多少成型于黑暗与孤独的牢狱;但我们都记得他那大大小小的种种姿态——他在总统就职典礼上像介绍贵宾一样介绍他的看守;他穿上跳羚队的球衣为橄榄球比赛(它在南非被视为白人运动,足球则被视为黑人运动)开球;他将痛失亲人的悲伤化为防治艾滋病的呼吁——这显示了他怜悯与理解所达到的深度。他不仅将“乌班图”具体化,还教导千百万人寻求他们内心深处的良知。

It took a man like Madiba to free not just the prisoner, but the jailer as well--(applause)--to show that you must trust others so that they may trust you;to teach that reconciliation is not a matter of ignoring a cruel past, but a means of confronting it with inclusion and generosity and truth.He changed laws, but he also changed hearts.正是出于“乌图班”精神,像“马迪巴”这样的人才能让囚犯和看守同获自由——它昭示你必须信任别人,别人才可能信任你的道理;它告诫人们,和解并不是无视那悲惨的过去,而是以包容、慷慨和真诚来面对它。他不仅改变了法律,而且教化了人心。

For the people of South Africa, for those he inspired around the globe, Madiba’s passing is rightly a time of mourning, and a time to celebrate a heroic life.But I believe it should also prompt in each of us a time for self-reflection.With honesty, regardless of our station or our circumstance, we must ask: How well have I applied his lessons in my own life? It’s a question I ask myself, as a man and as a President.对于南非人民,对于被他所激励的全世界人民,“马迪巴”的辞世的确是一个悲恸的时刻,一个赞美他英勇一生的时刻。但我相信,它还应当是一个促使我们每个人反省的时刻。不论我们的身分地位或生活处境,我们都必须坦诚自问:在自己的生活中,在践行他的教诲方面我做得有多好?这就是我向自己提出的问题——作为一个普通人,也作为一位总统。

We know that, like South Africa, the United States had to overcome centuries of racial subjugation.As was true here, it took sacrifice--the sacrifice of countless people, known and unknown, to see the dawn of a new day.Michelle and I are beneficiaries of that struggle.(Applause.)But in America, and in South Africa, and in countries all around the globe, we cannot allow our progress to cloud the fact that our work is not yet done.我们都知道,像南非一样,美国也必须克服那延续了几个世纪的种族压迫。像南非一样,它必以牺牲为代价——为了新世纪曙光的照临,无数知名与不知名的人作出了牺牲。米歇尔和我是他们奋斗的受益者。然而,在美国、在南非、在全世界所有国家,我们都不能因为已有的进步而无视我们的工作尚未完成这一事实。

The struggles that follow the victory of formal equality or universal franchise may not be as filled with drama and moral clarity as those that came before, but they are no less important.For around the world today, we still see children suffering from hunger and disease.We still see run-down schools.We still see young people without prospects for the future.Around the world today, men and women are still imprisoned for their political beliefs, and are still persecuted for what they look like, and how they worship, and who they love.That is happening today.(Applause.)在追求形式平等或普遍的公民权利方面取得胜利之后,斗争可能不像过去那样充满戏剧性,道义上也不像过去那样泾渭分明,但其重要性依然不减半分。因为,今天,在世界各地,我们依然看到忍受饥饿和病痛的孩子,依然看到破败不堪的学校,依然看到找不到未来的青年。今天,在世界各地,人们依然由于其政治信仰而被监禁,依然由于他们的外貌、宗教和性爱选择而受迫害。这种情况,今天依然在持续发生。

And so we, too, must act on behalf of justice.We, too, must act on behalf of peace.There are too many people who happily embrace Madiba’s legacy of racial reconciliation, but passionately resist even modest reforms that would challenge chronic poverty and growing inequality.There are too many leaders who claim solidarity with Madiba’s struggle for freedom, but do not tolerate dissent from their own people.(Applause.)And there are too many of us on the sidelines, comfortable in complacency or cynicism when our voices must be heard.因此,我们也必须为正义而行动,我们也必须为和平而行动。有太多的人欣然拥抱“马迪巴”的种族和解遗产,却热衷于抵制最温和的改革——那旨在减少旷日持久的贫困和日益扩大的贫富差距的改革;有太多的领导人声称支持“马迪巴”争取自由的斗争,却不能容忍本国人民有任何异议;我们中间有太多人,在必须发出声音的时候袖手旁观,悠然自得于自己的安逸或犬儒。

The questions we face today--how to promote equality and justice;how to uphold freedom and human rights;how to end conflict and sectarian war--these things do not have easy answers.But there were no easy answers in front of that child born in World War I.Nelson Mandela reminds us that it always seems impossible until it is done.South Africa shows that is true.South Africa shows we can change, that we can choose a world defined not by our differences, but by our common hopes.We can choose a world defined not by conflict, but by peace and justice and opportunity.我们今天面临的问题——如何促进平等和正义、如何支持自由和人权、如何制止冲突和宗派战争——这些问题都没有简单的答案;但是,在那个出生于一次世界大战期间的孩子面前也没有。纳尔逊·曼德拉提醒我们,一项事业在它成功之前看起来总是希望渺茫。南非证明他说得对。南非证明,我们能够变革,我们能够选择一个不是由我们的差异而是由我们的共同希望所定义的世界。我们能够选择一个不是由冲突而是由和平、正义和机会所定义的世界。

We will never see the likes of Nelson Mandela again.But let me say to the young people of Africa and the young people around the world--you, too, can make his life’s work your own.Over 30 years ago, while still a student, I learned of Nelson Mandela and the struggles taking place in this beautiful land, and it stirred something in me.It woke me up to my responsibilities to others and to myself, and it set me on an improbable journey that finds me here today.And while I will always fall short of Madiba’s example, he makes me want to be a better man.(Applause.)He speaks to what’s best inside us.我们不会再看到像纳尔逊·曼德拉一样的人。但是,请允许我对非洲的年轻人和全世界的年轻人说,你们一样能够把他毕生的事业当作自己的事业。三十多年前,当我还是一名学生时,我了解到纳尔逊·曼德拉以及在这片美丽的土地上进行的斗争,它搅动了我内心的某种情愫。它唤醒了我对他人和自己的责任,它使我踏上了一个似乎毫无希望的旅程,正是它让我今天站在这里。尽管我永远不能企及“马迪巴”典范的高度;然而是他让我努力成为一个更好的人。他表达了我们内心最好的自己。

After this great liberator is laid to rest, and when we have returned to our cities and villages and rejoined our daily routines, let us search for his strength.Let us search for his largeness of spirit somewhere inside of ourselves.And when the night grows dark, when injustice weighs heavy on our hearts, when our best-laid plans seem beyond our reach, let us think of Madiba and the words that brought him comfort within the four walls of his cell: “It matters not how strait the gate, how charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul.”

在这位伟大的解放者长眠之后,当我们返回各自的城市与村庄返回我们庸常的工作生活之时,让我们去探寻他的力量,让我们从内心深处去发掘他博大宽厚的精神。当夜色渐浓,当非正义沉重地压在我们的心头,当我们精心打造的计划看来不能实现,让我们想想“马迪巴”以及他身陷囹圄时给他安慰的诗句:“不管监狱之门如何狭窄,不管罪名刑罚如何深重,我是我命运的主宰:我是我灵魂的船长。”

What a magnificent soul it was.We will miss him deeply.May God bless the memory of Nelson Mandela.May God bless the people of South Africa.(Applause.)这是多么高贵的灵魂。我们将深深地怀念他。愿上帝保佑我们对纳尔逊•曼德拉的记忆。愿上帝保佑南非人民。

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