【名人演讲】西奥多罗斯福：我们负有重大的责任

第一篇：【名人演讲】西奥多罗斯福：我们负有重大的责任

【名人演讲】西奥多·罗斯福：我们负有重大的责任

我们负有重大的责任 ——就职演讲

（美国）西奥多·罗斯福 1905年3月4日 同胞们：

我们以一种虔诚的态度说，世界上没有哪一个民族比我们更有理由感到欣慰了。这样说，绝无夸耀我们的力量之意，而是怀着对赐福于我们、使我们能够有条件获得如此巨大的幸福康乐的上帝的感激之情，作为一个民族，我们获得上帝的许可，在新大陆上奠下国民生活的基础。我们是时代的继承者，然而我们无需像在古老的国家里那样，承受以往文明的遗留影响所强加的惩罚。我们不必为了自己的生存而去同任何异族抗衡；然而，我们的生活要求活力和勤奋，没有这些，雄健刚毅的美德就会消失殆尽。在这种条件下，倘若我们失败了，那便是我们自己的过错；我们在过去获得的成功，我们深信未来将带给我们的成功，不应使我们目空一切，而是要深刻地长久地认识到生活为我们提供的一切，充分认识我们肩负的责任，并矢志表明；在自由政府的领导下，一个强大的民族能够繁荣昌盛，物质生活如此，精神生活必也如此。我们被赋予的很多，期望于我们的自然也很多。我们对他人负有义务，对自己也负有义务；两者都不能逃避。我们已成为一个伟大的国家，这一事实迫使我们在同世界上其他国家交往时，行为举止必须与负有这种责任的民族相称。对于其他一切国家，无论大国还是小国，我们的态度都必须热诚真挚友好。我们必须不仅用语言，而且以行动表明，我们公正、宽宏地承认他们的一切权利，用这种精神对待他们，我们热切希望能从而获得他们的善意。但是，一个国象的公正与宽宏，如同一个人的公正与宽宏一样，不是由弱者而是由强者表现出来时，才为人推崇。在我们极其审慎地避免损害别人时，我们必须同样地坚持自己不受伤害。我们希望和平，但是我们希望的是公正的和平，正义的和平。我们这样希望是因为我们认为这是正确的，而不是因为我们怯懦胆小。行事果敢正义的弱国决无理由畏惧我们，强国则永远不能挑选我们作为蛮横入侵的对象。

我们同世界上其他强国的关系是重要的，但更为重要的是我们内部之间的关系。随着国家在过去125年中所经历的财富、人口和实力的增长，就像每一个逐步壮大起来的国家所遇到的情况一样，各种问题也都不可遗免地相应增长了。实力永远意味着责任和危险。先辈们曾面临某些我们这个时代不复存在的危险。我们现在面临的则是其他危险，这些危险的出现是先人所无法预见的。现代生活既复杂又紧张，我们的社会和政治肌体的每一根纤维，都能感觉到过去半个世纪里工业的异常发展所引起的巨大变化。人们以前从来没有尝试过诸如在民主共和国的形式下管理一个大陆的事务这般庞大而艰巨的实验。创造了奇迹般的物质幸福，并将我们的活力、自立能力和个人能动性发展到很高程度的那些条件，也带来了与工业中心巨大的财富积累不可分开的烦恼与焦虑，许多事情取决于我们的实验成功与否，这不仅关系到我们自己的幸福，而且关系到人类的幸福。倘若我们失败了，就会动摇全世界自由的自治政府的事业的基础，因此，对于我们自己，对于当今世界，对于尚未出生的后代，我们负有重大责任。我们没有什么理由畏惧未来，但是有充分理由认真地面对未来，既不对自己隐瞒摆在面前的问题的严重性，也不怕以百折不挠的意志处理这些问题，正确予以解决。然而，要知道，虽然这些是新问题，虽然摆在我们面前的任务不同于摆在创建并维护这个共和国的先辈面前的任务，但是，如果要很好地履行我们的责任，那么，承担这些任务和正视这些问题所必须发扬的精神依然根本没有改变。我们知道，自治是困难的。我们知道，我们力求以组成本民族的自由人所自由表达的意愿来正确地管理自己的事务，没有哪一个民族需要像我们所需要的这样高尚的特性。但我们相信，我们会背离先人们在辉煌的过去所创立的事业。他们干了他们的工作，他们为我们留下了我们如今所享受的辉煌的遗产。我们也坚信，我们一定不会浪费这份遗产，而且要进一步充实增加，留给我们的孩子，留给孩子们的后代。为此，我们不仅必须在重大危机中，而且要在日常事务中，都表现出注重实际的智慧、勇敢、刚毅和忍耐，尤其是为了崇高理想而奉献所有力量的情操，正是由于有了这些品质，华盛顿时代缔造这个共和国的人们才得以成为一代伟人，亚伯拉罕·林肯时代维护这个共和国的人们也才得以名垂青史。

【摘自：网络】

第二篇：西奥多·罗斯福 The Man with the Muck-rake（小编推荐）

Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt

The Man with the Muck-rake

delivered 14 April 1906

演讲者简介：西奥多·罗斯福(英文：Theodore Roosevelt，又译狄奥多·罗斯福，人称老罗斯福，昵称泰迪(Teddy)，1858年10月27日-1919年1月6日)，美国军事家、政治家，第26任总统。

关于耙粪记者的相关背景介绍：

所谓“耙粪记者/耙粪运动”(muckraker)，也称黑幕揭发记者/运动，是指美国19世纪末20世纪初掀起的一股新闻报道浪潮，一些记者和报刊致力于深入调查报道黑幕，揭发丑闻，对社会阴暗面进行揭示。其名称源于西奥多·罗斯福总统的一次演讲。此演讲中，罗斯福将20世纪初一批致力于揭丑、暴露、煽情等报道的记者，比作英国作家约翰·班扬小说《天路历程》中的一个反派人物，他从不仰望天空，只是手拿粪耙，埋头打扫地上的秽物。但是被批评的揭丑记者却不以为然，反而欣然接受这个称号。后来，人们便将这种新闻及报道这些新闻的记者和报刊称为耙粪运动、耙粪记者、耙粪报刊等，就如同人们将赫斯特报刊的煽情报道成为黄色新闻一样。

Over a century ago Washington laid the corner stone of the Capitol in what was then little more than a tract of wooded wilderness here beside the potomac.We now find it necessary to provide by great additional buildings for the business of the government.This growth in the need for the housing of the government is but a proof and example of the way in which the nation has grown and the sphere of action of the national government has grown.We now administer the affairs of a nation in which the extraordinary growth of population has been outstripped by the growth of wealth in complex interests.The material problems that face us today are not such as they were in Washington's time, but the underlying facts of human nature are the same now as they were then.Under altered external form we war with the same tendencies toward evil that were evident in Washington's time, and are helped by the same tendencies for good.It is about some of these that I wish to say a word today.In Bunyan's “pilgrim's progress” you may recall the description of the Man with the Muck Rake, the man who could look no way but downward, with the muck rake in his hand;who was offered a celestial crown for his muck rake, but who would neither look up nor regard the crown he was offered, but continued to rake to himself the filth of the floor.In “pilgrim's progress” the Man with the Muck Rake is set forth as the example of him whose vision is fixed on carnal instead of spiritual things.Yet he also typifies the man who in this life consistently refuses to see aught that is lofty, and fixes his eyes with solemn intentness only on that which is vile and debasing.Now, it is very necessary that we should not flinch from seeing what is vile and debasing.There is filth on the floor, and it must be scraped up with the muck rake;and there are times and places where this service is the most needed of all the services that can be performed.But the man who never does anything else, who never thinks or speaks or writes, save of his feats with the muck rake, speedily becomes, not a help but one of the most potent forces for evil.There are in the body politic, economic and social, many and grave evils, and there is urgent necessity for the sternest war upon them.There should be relentless exposure of and attack upon every evil man, whether politician or business man, every evil practice, whether in politics, business, or social life.I hail as a benefactor every writer or speaker, every man who, on the platform or in a book, magazine, or newspaper, with merciless severity makes such attack, provided always that he in his turn remembers that the attack is of use only if it is absolutely truthful.The liar is no whit better than the thief, and if his mendacity takes the form of slander he may be worse than most thieves.It puts a premium upon knavery untruthfully to attack an honest man, or even with hysterical exaggeration to assail a bad man with untruth.An epidemic of indiscriminate assault upon character does no good, but very great harm.The soul of every scoundrel is gladdened whenever an honest man is assailed, or even when a scoundrel is untruthfully assailed.Now, it is easy to twist out of shape what I have just said, easy to affect to misunderstand it, and if it is slurred over in repetition not difficult really to misunderstand it.Some persons are sincerely incapable of understanding that to denounce mud slinging does not mean the endorsement of whitewashing;and both the interested individuals who need whitewashing and those others who practice mud slinging like to encourage such confusion of ideas.One of the chief counts against those who make indiscriminate assault upon men in business or men in public life is that they invite a reaction which is sure to tell powerfully in favor of the unscrupulous scoundrel who really ought to be attacked, who ought to be exposed, who ought, if possible, to be put in the penitentiary.If Aristides is praised overmuch as just, people get tired of hearing it;and over-censure of the unjust finally and from similar reasons results in their favor.Any excess is almost sure to invite a reaction;and, unfortunately, the reactions instead of taking the form of punishment of those guilty of the excess, is apt to take the form either of punishment of the unoffending or of giving immunity, and even strength, to offenders.The effort to make financial or political profit out of the destruction of character can only result in public calamity.Gross and reckless assaults on character, whether on the stump or in newspaper, magazine, or book, create a morbid and vicious public sentiment, and at the same time act as a profound deterrent to able men of normal sensitiveness and tend to prevent them from entering the public service at any price.As an instance in point, I may mention that one serious difficulty encountered in getting the right type of men to dig the panama canal is the certainty that they will be exposed, both without, and, I am sorry to say, sometimes within, Congress, to utterly reckless assaults on their character and capacity.At the risk of repetition let me say again that my plea is not for immunity to, but for the most unsparing exposure of, the politician who betrays his trust, of the big business man who makes or spends his fortune in illegitimate or corrupt ways.There should be a resolute effort to hunt every such man out of the position he has disgraced.Expose the crime, and hunt down the criminal;but remember that even in the case of crime, if it is attacked in sensational, lurid, and untruthful fashion, the attack may do more damage to the public mind than the crime itself.It is because I feel that there should be no rest in the endless war against the forces of evil that I ask the war be conducted with sanity as well as with resolution.The men with the muck rakes are often indispensable to the well being of society;but only if they know when to stop raking the muck, and to look upward to the celestial crown above them, to the crown of worthy endeavor.There are beautiful things above and round about them;and if they gradually grow to feel that the whole world is nothing but muck, their power of usefulness is gone.If the whole picture is painted black there remains no hue whereby to single out the rascals for distinction from their fellows.Such painting finally induces a kind of moral color blindness;and people affected by it come to the conclusion that no man is really black, and no man really white, but they are all gray.In other words, they neither believe in the truth of the attack, nor in the honesty of the man who is attacked;they grow as suspicious of the accusation as of the offense;it becomes well nigh hopeless to stir them either to wrath against wrongdoing or to enthusiasm for what is right;and such a mental attitude in the public gives hope to every knave, and is the despair of honest men.To assail the great and admitted evils of our political and industrial life with such crude and sweeping generalizations as to include decent men in the general condemnation means the searing of the public con science.There results a general attitude either of cynical belief in and indifference to public corruption or else of a distrustful inability to discriminate between the good and the bad.Either attitude is fraught with untold damage to the country as a whole.The fool who has not sense to discriminate between what is good and what is bad is well nigh as dangerous as the man who does discriminate and yet chooses the bad.There is nothing more distressing to every good patriot, to every good American, than the hard, scoffing spirit which treats the allegation of dishonesty in a public man as a cause for laughter.Such laughter is worse than the crackling of thorns under a pot, for it denotes not merely the vacant mind, but the heart in which high emotions have been choked before they could grow to fruition.There is any amount of good in the world, and there never was a time when loftier and more disinterested work for the betterment of mankind was being done than now.The forces that tend for evil are great and terrible, but the forces of truth and love and courage and honesty and generosity and sympathy are also stronger than ever before.It is a foolish and timid, no less than a wicked thing, to blink the fact that the forces of evil are strong, but it is even worse to fail to take into account the strength of the forces that tell for good.Hysterical sensationalism is the poorest weapon wherewith to fight for lasting righteousness.The men who with stern sobriety and truth assail the many evils of our time, whether in the public press, or in magazines, or in books, are the leaders and allies of all engaged in the work for social and political betterment.But if they give good reason for distrust of what they say, if they chill the ardor of those who demand truth as a primary virtue, they thereby betray the good cause and play into the hands of the very men against whom they are nominally at war.In his Ecclesiastical polity that fine old Elizabethan divine, Bishop Hooker, wrote:

He that goeth about to persuade a multitude that they are not so well governed as they ought to be shall never want attentive and favorable hearers, because they know the manifold defects whereunto every kind of regimen is subject, but the secret lets and difficulties, which in public proceedings are innumerable and inevitable, they have not ordinarily the judgment to consider.

第三篇：统西奥多·罗斯福(Theodore Roosevelt)著名演讲The Strenuous Life勤奋的生活

The Strenuous Life.（勤奋的生活）

Gentlemen，先生们：

1.In speaking to you, men of the greatest city of the West, men of the State which gave to the country Lincoln and Grant, men who preeminently and distinctly embody all that is most American in the American character, I wish to preach not the doctrine of ignoble ease but the doctrine of the strenuous life;the life of toil and effort;of labor and strife;to preach that highest form of success which comes not to the man who desires mere easy peace but to the man who does not shrink from danger, from hardship, of from bitter toil, and who out of these wins the splendid ultimate triumph.1、在向你们——西部最大城市的公民，为国家培育了林肯和格兰特的国家的公民，最能体现美国精神的公民—讲话时，我想谈的不是贪图安逸的人生哲学，而是要向你们宣讲勤奋生活论——即过勤奋苦干的生活，过忙碌奋斗的生活。我想说，成功的最高境界不属于满足安逸的人们，而是属于那些在艰难险阻面前从不畏惧终获辉煌的人们。

2.The timid man, the lazy man, the man who distrusts his country, the overcivilized man, who has lost the great fighting, masterful virtues, the ignorant man and the man of dull mind, whose soul is incapable of feeling the mighty lift that thrills “stem men with empires in their brains”—all these, of course, shrink from seeing the nation undertake its new duties;shrink from seeing us build a navy and army adequate to our needs;shrink from seeing us do our share of the world's work by bringing order out of chaos in the great, fair tropic islands from which the valor of our soldiers and sailors has driven the Spanish flag.These are the men who fear the strenuous life, who fear the only national life which is really worth leading.They believe in that cloistered life which saps the hardy virtues in a nation, as it saps them in the individual;or else they are wedded to that base spirit of gain and greed which recognizes in commercialism the be-all and end-all of national life, instead of realizing that, though an indispensable element, it is after all but one of the many elements that go to make up true national greatness.No country can long endure if its foundations are not laid deep in the material prosperity which comes from hard unsparing effort in the fields of industrial activity;but neither was any nation ever yet truly great if it relied upon material prosperity alone.All honor must be paid to the architects of our material prosperity;to the great captains of industry who have built our factories and our railroads;to the strong men who toil for wealth with brain or hand;for great is the debt of the nation to these and their kind.But our debt is yet greater to the men whose highest type is to be found in a statesman like Lincoln, a soldier like Grant.They showed by their lives that they recognized the law of work, the law of strife;they toiled to win a competence for themselves and those dependent upon them;but they recognized that there were yet other and even loftier duties—duties to the nation and duties to the race.2、凡怯懦、懒惰、不相信祖国的人，谨小慎微丧失坚强斗志的“文明过头”的人、混沌无知的人、思想僵化的人、不能像刚毅有抱负的人那样被鼓舞振奋的人——总之，当看到国家有新的责任要承担，当看到祖国正在建立足以满足需要的海陆军，当看到英勇的士兵和水手在美丽的热带岛屿上驱逐西班牙势力，承担起应尽的世界责任，恢复当地秩序——当看到这一切时，所有这些人都退缩了。就是这样一些人，他们害怕过勤奋的生活，害怕过真正值得过的国民的生活。他们相信与世隔绝的生活，任由这种生活在侵蚀他们个人吃苦耐劳品德的同时，也侵蚀了一个民族的吃苦耐劳精神。若不然，他们就沉迷于惟利是图、贪得无厌的卑污泥潭而不能自拔，认为国家应一切以商业利益为根本。但他们却不明白，商业利益固然是不可或缺的因素，然而毕竟只是造就真正伟大国家的许多因素之一。诚然，如果一个国家不是深深扎根于其工业活动领域的艰苦努力所带来的繁荣的物质基础之中，那么这个国家也不可能长久地生存下去。但是，如果仅仅依赖于物质财富，任何国家也永远不会成为真正伟大的国家。我们应该向那些创造了物质财富的人们致敬，向那些创建了工厂和铁路的实业巨头们致敬，向那些用勤劳和智慧换取财富的强者们致敬；国家很感激他们以及和他们一样的人。但是，我们更感激另外一些人，他们的最佳楷模就是林肯那样的政治家和格兰特那样的军人。他们的生活轨迹表明，他们清楚工作和斗争的法则，他们含辛茹苦，使自己和依赖他们生活的人们过上了富足的生活，而且他们懂得还有更崇高的责任—对国家和民族的责任。

3.I preach to you, then, my countrymen, that our country calls not for the life of ease, but for the life of strenuous endeavor.The twentieth century looms before us big with the fate of many nations.If we stand idly by, if we seek merely swollen, slothful ease, and ignoble peace, if we shrink from the hard contests where men must win at hazard of their lives and at the risk of all they hold dear, then the bolder and stronger peoples will pass us by and will win for themselves the domination of the world.Let us therefore boldly face the life of strife, resolute to do our duty well and manfully;resolute to uphold righteousness by deed and by word;resolute to be both honest and brave, to serve high ideals, yet to use practical methods.Above all, let us shrink from no strife, moral or physical, within or without the nation, provided we are certain that the strife is justified;for it is only through strife, through hard and dangerous endeavor, that we shall ultimately win the goal of true national greatness.3、所以同胞们，我要讲的是，我们的国家要求我们不能好逸恶劳，而只能过刻苦勤奋的生活。迫在眉睫的20世纪将决定许多国家的命运。假如我们只是一味地袖手旁观、贪图享乐、苟且偷安，假如我们面临激烈的竞争考验时不是冒着牺牲个人生命和失去亲人的危险去赢得胜利，而是落荒而逃的话，那么，更勇敢坚强的民族就会超越我们，得以统领世界。因此，让我们勇敢地面对充满斗争考验的生活，下定决心卓越而果断地履行我们的职责；下定决心无论在语言还是行动上都坚持正义；下定决心诚实勇敢地以切实可行的方法为崇高的理想服务。最重要的是，无论是精神还是物质的斗争，无论是国内还是国外的斗争，只要我们确定正义在手，我们就绝不能逃避退缩。因为只有通过斗争，通过艰苦和充满危险的努力，我们才能最终达到目标—成为真正伟大的国家。

第四篇：罗斯福就职演讲

罗斯福全名：富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福(Franklin D.Roosevelt)(1882—1945)18岁时考入哈佛大学，攻读政治，历史和新闻专业，又在哥伦比亚大学攻读法律。后来从政，先后任过纽约州参议员和州长。中年时，他因患 脊髓灰质炎(Poliomyelitis、Polio)，双腿瘫痪，只能以轮椅代步。他任美国总统期间，实行新政，维护了美国资本主义制度，领导美国参加世界人民反法西斯战争，并取得胜利。

President Hoover, Mr Chief Justice, my friends: this is a day of national consecration.And I am certain that on this day my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the presidency, I will address them with a candour and a decision which the present situation of our people impels.This is pre-eminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly.Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today.This great nation will endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfnarrowly nationalistic.It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in and parts of the United States of Americabroad executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.For the trust reposed in me, I will return the courage and the devotion that befit the time.I can do no less.We face the arduous days that lie before us in the warm courage of national unity;with the clear consciousness of seeking old and precious moral values;with the clean satisfaction that comes from the stern performance of duty by old and young alike.We aim at the assurance of a rounded, a permanent national life.We do not distrust the future of essential democracy.The people of the United States have not failed.In their need they have registered a mandate that they want direct, vigorous action.They have asked for discipline and direction under leadership.They have made me the present instrument of their wishes.In the spirit of the gift I take it.In this dedication-in this dedication of a nation, we humbly ask the blessing of God.May He protect each and every one of us.May He guide me in the days to come.

第五篇：罗斯福就职演讲

罗斯福就职演讲

胡佛总统，首席法官先生，朋友们： 今天，对我们的国家来说，是一个神圣的日子．我肯定，同胞们都期待我在 就任总统时，会像我国目前形势所要求的那样，坦率而果断地向他们讲话．现在 正是坦白、勇敢地说出实话，说出全部实话的最好时刻．我们不必畏首畏尾，不 老老实实面对我国今天的情况．这个伟大的国家会一如既往地坚持下去，它会复 兴和繁荣起来．因此，让我首先表明我的坚定信念：我们唯一不得不害怕的就是 害怕本身--一种莫名其妙、丧失理智的、毫无根据的恐惧，它把人转退为进所需 的种种努力化为泡影．凡在我国生活阴云密布的时刻，坦率而有活力的领导都得 到过人民的理解和支持，从而为胜利准备了必不可少的条件．我相信，在目前危 急时刻，大家会再次给予同样的支持． 我和你们都要以这种精神，来面对我们共同的困难．感谢上帝，这些困难只 是物质方面的．价值难以想象地贬缩了；课税增加了；我们的支付能力下降了； 各级政府面临着严重的收入短缺；交换手段在贸易过程中遭到了冻结；工业企业 枯萎的落叶到处可见； 农场主的产品找不到销路； 千家万户多年的积蓄付之东流． 更重要的是，大批失业公民正面临严峻的生存问题，还有大批公民正以艰辛 的劳动换取微薄的报酬．只有愚蠢的乐天派会否认当前这些阴暗的现实． 但是，我们的苦恼决不是因为缺乏物资．我们没有遭到什么蝗虫的灾害．我 们的先辈曾以信念和无畏一次次转危为安，比起他们经历过的险阻，我们仍大可 感到欣慰．大自然仍在给予我们恩惠，人类的努力已使之倍增．富足的情景近在 咫尺，但就在我们见到这种 情景的时候，宽裕的生活却悄然离去．这主要是因 为主宰人类物资交换的统治者们失败了，他们固执己见而又无能为力，因而已经 认定失败了，并撒手不管了．贪得无厌的货币兑换商的种种行径．将受到舆论法 庭的起诉，将受到人类心灵理智的唾弃． 是的，他们是努力过，然而他们用的是一种完全过时的方法．面对信贷的失 败，他们只是提议借出更多的钱．没有了当诱饵引诱 人民追随他们的错误领导 的金钱，他们只得求助于讲道，含泪祈求人民重新给予他们信心．他们只知自我 追求者们的处世规则．他们没有眼光，而没有眼光的人是要灭亡的． 如今，货币兑换商已从我们文明庙宇的高处落荒而逃．我们要以千古不变的 真理来重建这座庙宇． 衡量这重建的尺度是我们体现比金钱利益更高尚的社会价 值的程度． 幸福并不在于单纯地占有金钱；幸福还在于取得成就后的喜悦，在于创造努 力时
的激情．务必不能再忘记劳动带来的喜悦和激励，而去疯狂地追逐那转瞬即
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逝的利润．如果这些暗淡的时日能使我们认识到，我们真正的天命不是要别人侍 奉，而是为自己和同胞们服务，那么，我们付出的代价就完全是值得的． 认识到把物质财富当作成功的标准是错误的，我们就会抛弃以地位尊严和个 人收益为唯一标准，来衡量公职和高级政治地位的错误信念；我们必须制止银行 界和企业界的一种行为，它常常使神圣的委托混同于无情和自私的不正当行 为．难怪信心在减弱，信心，只有靠诚实、信誉、忠心维护和无私履行职责．而 没有这些，就不可能有信心． 但是，复兴不仅仅只要改变伦理观念．这个国家要求行动起来，现在就行动 起来． 我们最大、最基本的任务是让人民投入工作．只要我信行之以智慧和勇气，这个问题就可以解决．这可以部分由政府直接征募完成，就象对待临战的紧要关 头一样，但同时，在有了人手的情况下，我们还急需能刺激并重组巨大自然资源 的工程． 我们齐心协力，但必须坦白地承认工业中心的人口失衡，我们必须在全国范 围内重新分配，使土地在最适合的人手中发表挥更大作用． 明确地为提高农产品价值并以此购买城市产品所做的努力，会有助于任务的 完成．避免许多小家庭业、农场业被取消赎取抵押品的权利的悲剧也有助于任务 的完成． 联邦、各地政府立即行动回应要求降价的呼声，州、有助于任务的完成． 将 现在常常是分散不经济、不平等的救济活动统一起来有助于任务的完成．对所有 公共交通运输，通讯及其他涉及公众生活的设施作全国性的计划及监督有助于任 务的完成．许多事情都有助于任务完成，但这些决不包括空谈．我们必须行动，立即行动． 最后，为了重新开始工作，我们需要两手防御，来抗御旧秩序恶魔卷土从来； 一定要有严格监督银行业、信贷及投资的机制：一定要杜绝投机；一定要有充足 而健康的货币供应． 以上这些，朋友们，就是施政方针．我要在特别会议上敦促新国会给予详细 实施方案，并且，我要向 18 个州请求立即的援助． 通过行动，我们将予以我们自己一个有秩序的国家大厦，使收入大于支出． 我 们的国际贸易，虽然很重要，但现在在时间和必要性上，次于对本国健康经济的 建立．我建议，作为可行的策略、首要事务先行．虽然我将不遗余力通过国际经 济重新协调所来恢复国际贸易，但我认为国内的紧急情况无法等待这重新协调的 完成． 指导这一特别的全国性复苏的基本思想并非狭隘的国家主义． 我首先考虑的 是坚持美国这一整体

体中各部分的相互依赖性--这是对美国式的开拓精神的古老 而永恒的证明的体现． 这才是复苏之路，是即时之路，是保证复苏功效持久之路．
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在国际政策方面，我将使美国采取睦邻友好的政策．做一个决心自重，因此 而尊重邻国的国家．做一个履行义务，尊重与他国协约的国家． 如果我对人民的心情的了解正确的话，我想我们已认识到了我们从未认识的 问题，我们是互相依存的，我们不可以只索取，我们还必须奉献．我们前进时，必须象一支训练有素的忠诚的军队，愿意为共同的原则而献身，因为，没有这些 原则，就无法取得进步，领导就不可能得力．我们都已做好准备，并愿意为此原 则献出生命和财产，因为这将使志在建设更美好社会的领导成为可能．我倡议，为了更伟大的目标，我们所有的人，以一致的职责紧紧团结起来．这是神圣的义 务，非战乱，不停止． 有了这样的誓言，我将毫不犹豫地承担领导伟大人民大军的任务，致力于对 我们普遍问题的强攻．这样的行动，这样的目标，在我们从祖先手中接过的政府 中是可行的．我们的宪法如此简单，实在．它随时可以应付特殊情况，只需对重 点和安排加以修改而不丧失中心思想，正因为如此，我们的宪法体制已自证为是 最有适应性的政治体制．它已应付过巨大的国土扩张、外战、内乱及国际关系所 带来的压力． 而我们还希望行使法律的人士做到充分的平等，能充分地担负前所未有的任 务．但现在前所未有的对紧急行动的需要要求国民暂时丢弃平常生活节奏，紧迫 起来． 让我们正视面前的严峻岁月，怀着举国一致给我们带来的热情和勇气，怀着 寻求传统的、珍贵的道德观念的明确意识，怀着老老少少都能通过克尽职守而得 到的问心无愧的满足．我们的目标是要保证国民生活的圆满和长治久安． 我们并不怀疑基本民主制度的未来．合众国人民并没有失败．他们在困难中 表达了自己的委托，即要求采取直接而有力的行动．他们要求有领导的纪律和方 向．他们现在选择了我作为实现他们的愿望的工具．我接受这份厚赠．

在此举国奉献之际，我们谦卑地请求上帝赐福．愿上帝保信我们大家和每一 个人，愿上帝在未来的日子里指引我．

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