《联合国气候变化框架公约》第十七次缔约方大会28日[推荐]

第一篇：《联合国气候变化框架公约》第十七次缔约方大会28日[推荐]

多国代表希望发达国家起带头作用，大会主席强调贫穷的人们在等待德班的决定

2011-11-29 03:54:00 来源: 人民日报(北京)有0人参与 手机看新闻

为期12天的《联合国气候变化框架公约》第十七次缔约方大会28日在南非德班开幕，各方在会议开幕式上呼吁坚持多边谈判原则，进行建设性的谈判，达成包容、平衡、公正、可信的结果，让各国根据自身能力做出减缓和应对气候变化的承诺。

发达国家应承担更多责任

《联合国气候变化框架公约》第十六次缔约方大会主席、墨西哥外交部长埃斯皮诺萨在会议开幕式上表示，德班会议有很多事情要做：首先是要充分执行《坎昆协议》的成果，落实新的机制；其次是要建立有关金融机制，启动“绿色气候基金”；最后也是最重要的,是在德班确定《京都议定书》的未来，继续约束性的减排机制，但这种约束性机制必须遵守“共同但有区别的责任原则”，发达国家应承担起更多的责任。她说，每个人都应该做出承诺，不要等别人，“贫穷的人们正在等待德班做出的决定，我们不能令他们失望。”

本届大会主席、南非外交与国际关系合作部长马沙巴内在大会发言中表示，德班气候变化会议是决定性的时刻，各方应该在德班找到共同的解决办法，为子孙后代找到安全的未来。她说，《京都议定书》第一承诺期将于2012年底到期，第二承诺期取决于这次会议的谈判结果。如果续签《京都议定书》第二承诺期的问题不解决，必将影响其他方面的谈判。

非洲国家期待本届会议取得重要进展，呼吁发达国家表现出更大的领导能力，在未来5年内将温室气体排放量在1990年的基础上减少40%，到2050年减少95%。国际气候公正援助行动协调人辛格对记者表示，如果发达国家不承诺续签，《京都议定书》的死亡将给谈判进程造成深深的伤害。

非洲需要更为灵活的机制

作为首次在非洲举行的气候变化会议，本次会议受到了非洲方面的高度关注。除南非总统祖马外，乍得总统代比作为中部非洲国家经济共同体代表、安哥拉副总统费尔南多作为南部非洲发展共同体代表出席会议开幕式。他们表示，非洲作为受气候变化影响最大的地区之一，需要更大的支持。

代比在开幕式上表示，乍得湖现在蓄水量不足其储水能力的1/10，而乍得湖盆地面积跨9个国家，滋养着3000万人口，水量的下降间接影响2亿人口的生存。此外，非洲的热带雨林正在急剧减少，将对世界的生态平衡产生真正的威胁。非洲尽管不应该为此负主要责任，但非洲却为此付出了最大代价。非洲需要应对气候变化和减缓气候变化影响的措施，不仅需要资金支持，还需要更为灵活的机制来实施，以保持这些国家人民的生活水平。

南非水利和环境事务部长埃德纳·莫莱瓦28日表示，非洲排放的温室气体数量最少。2007年，非洲温室气体排放量只占全球的4%，但非洲却是受全球气候变化影响最大的地区，尤其是对农业影响最大，这已给非洲造成了饥荒和冲突。与此同时，缺少饮用水、霍乱和疟疾等疾病带来的威胁正在增加，卢旺达、坦桑尼亚、肯尼亚等国气温的上升正在造成疟疾的广泛流行。她表示，非洲要走上可持续发展的道路，需要新的、清洁的技术，以避免发达国家环境失误造成的后果。

中方认为应优先续签议定书

中国代表团副团长苏伟在28日接受本报记者采访时表示，德班会议应该按照公平和“共同但有区别的责任”的原则和各自能力，按照双轨谈判机制落实巴厘路线图授权，取得全面、公平和平衡的成果，以促进《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》的全面、有效和持续实施。德班会议既要落实坎昆会议决定，也要谈判解决巴厘路线图的未决问题。苏伟认为，《京都议定书》是应对气候变化的基石，续签《京都议定书》第二承诺期是德班气候变化会议的主要优先任务。德班会议要明确建立《京都议定书》第二承诺期，议定书发达国家缔约方应在第二承诺期承担量化减排承诺，非议定书发达国家缔约方应在公约下承担可比的量化减排承诺，发展中国家缔约方按照可持续发展要求和在资金、技术、能力建设的支持下实施进一步的减缓行动。

苏伟说，对于“基础四国”而言，可持续发展和减贫是紧迫、高于一切的优先任务，这些国家采取的大规模减排行动也让经济发展付出了巨大代价。中方代表“基础四国”呼吁发达国家承担起历史责任，带头承诺大规模减排。苏伟强调，资金问题是德班会议的紧要任务之一，德班会议应该立即采取行动，启动“绿色气候基金”，加大发达国家公共资金的投入力度。

美国对议定书态度模糊

欧盟气候变化首席谈判代表朗吉·梅兹格28日在新闻发布会上说，欧盟希望德班气候变化会议能够达成协议。他说，根据近一个星期的所见所闻，欧盟相信达成协议有可能。他指出，欧盟提出的2015年执行底线是必要的，欧盟的观点正获得非洲国家和一些岛国的支持。目前气候变化正在破坏经济，许多人失去生命，欧盟呼吁各方采取进一步政治行动推动谈判进程，切实遵守《坎昆协议》和“共同但有区别的责任”原则。欧盟同时表示，希望在提供气候变化资金上树立一个榜样。

但与此同时，作为累计温室气体排放量最大的国家，美国则一直对《京都议定书》态度模糊。美国气候变化谈判代表28日表示，美国希望看到一个对全世界所有主要经济体都有约束力的协议，温室气体排放总量占全球80%的55个国家都应该参与其中，否则美国不会签署有关强制性减排协议。

（本报德班11月28日电）

作者：裴广江 苑基荣

(本文来源：人民网-人民日报)

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第二篇：希拉里在联合国气候变化框架大会发表讲话

2009年12月17日，美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿(Hillary Rodham Clinton)在出席联合国气候变化框架大会（United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change）期间发表讲话。以下是讲话全文：

Remarks at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton

Copenhagen, Denmark December 17, 2009

在联合国气候变化框架大会发表讲话

国务卿希拉里·克林顿 丹麦,哥本哈根 2009年12月17日

Thank you all for coming this morning.I arrived in Copenhagen several hours ago.I’ve just had a briefing on the state of the negotiations.I'd like to give you a brief report on where we stand and then make an announcement.谢谢诸位今天上午来到这里。几小时前，我才抵达哥本哈根。我刚听取了有关谈判目前状况的介绍。我想简单地向诸位谈谈我们的立场，然后宣布有关行动。

First, let me thank Todd Stern and the terrific team representing the United States at this conference.Actually, they’ve been representing us ever since the beginning of the Obama Administration over this past year.首先，我感谢托德·斯特恩(Todd Stern)以及代表美国出席这次大会的优秀的代表团成员。事实上，自奥巴马政府开始执政一年来，他们始终担任我们的代表。

We appointed Todd Stern as our first-ever Special Envoy for Climate Change because we understood that this is one of the most urgent global challenges of our time, and it demands a global solution.Climate change threatens not only our environment, but our economy and our security--this is an undeniable and unforgiving fact.我们任命托德·斯特恩为我们的首位气候变化事务特使，是因为我们认识到这是我们时代面临的最紧迫的全球挑战之一，需要有全球性的对策。气候变化不仅威胁到我们的环境，还危及我们的经济与安全，这是不可否认的严酷事实。

So in addition to the robust actions that the Obama Administration has taken at home--from the historic investment in clean energy included in the Recovery Act to the new efficiency standards for cars, trucks, and appliances--we have pursued an unprecedented effort to engage partners around the world in the fight against climate change.And we produced real results.因此，奥巴马政府除了在国内积极采取行动外--从已纳入《复苏法案》（Recovery Act）的对清洁能源具有历史意义的投资，到为小汽车、卡车和电器制定新的节能标准--我们还进行了前所未有的努力，联合全球合作伙伴共同抗击气候变化。我们已取得实际的成果。

President Obama launched the Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climatewhich brought together key developed and developing countries.He also spearheaded an agreement, first among the G20 and then the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation nations, to phase out fossil fuel subsidies.奥巴马总统发起了“能源与气候问题主要经济体论坛”(Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate)，汇聚主要发达国家和发展中国家共同参与。他还以20国集团（G-20）为开端，率先为逐步取消对矿物燃料的补贴达成协议，随后又与亚太经合组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation）成员取得一致。

And after a year of diplomacy, we have come to Copenhagen ready to take the steps necessary to achieve a comprehensive and operational new agreement that will provide a foundation for long-term, sustainable economic growth.Our U.S.delegation includes not just the President of the United States, but six members of his Cabinet.经过一年的外交努力，我们来到哥本哈根，准备采取必要措施，要求达成全面的、切实可行的新协议，为长期、可持续的经济增长奠定基础。我们美国代表团不仅包括美国总统，而且还有6名内阁成员。

We have now reached the critical juncture in these negotiations.I understand that the talks have been difficult.I know that our team, along with many others, are working hard and around the clock to forge a deal.And we will continue doing all that we can do.But the time is at hand for all countries to reach for common ground and take an historic step that we can all be proud of.我们现在已进入谈判的关键阶段。我知道，谈判是艰难的。我知道，我们的谈判代表，与其他许多谈判代表一样，正为达成协议昼夜不停地工作。我们将继续竭尽全力。然而，对所有的国家来说，寻求共同点，采取值得我们大家自豪的具有历史意义的行动，现在时间已所剩无几。

There is a way forward based on a number of core elements: decisive national actions, an operational accord that internationalizes those actions, assistance for nations that are the most vulnerable and least prepared to meet the effects of climate change, and standards of transparency that provide credibility to the entire process.The world community should accept no less.推动谈判取得进展取决于一些核心因素：果断的国家行动；以切实可行的协议使这些行动国际化；为最脆弱和最缺乏准备的国家抗击气候变化的影响提供援助；维护整体进程信誉的透明度标准。国际社会不应该降低标准。

And the United States is ready to embrace this path.美国已准备好走这一条道路。

First, we have announced our intention to cut our emissions in the range of 17 percent below 2005 levels in 2020 and ultimately in line with final climate and energy legislation.In light of the President’s goals, the expected pathway in pending legislation would extend those cuts to 30 percent by 2025, 42 percent by 2030, and more than 80 percent by 2050.首先，我们已宣布到2020年将我国温室气体排放在2005年的基础上削减17%的意图，并最终使之符合最后通过的气候与能源法案。按照总统制定的目标，如果正在审议的立法按预定方案通过，到2025年减排幅度将增至30%，到2030年增至42%，2050年达80%以上。

Second, we also recognize that an agreement must provide generous financial and technological support for developing countries, particularly the poorest and most vulnerable, to help them reduce emissions and adapt to climate change.That’s why we joined an effort to mobilize fast-start funding that will ramp up to $10 billion in 2012 to support the adaptation and mitigation efforts of countries in need.第二，我们还认识到，协议必须要求向发展中国家，特别是最贫穷和最脆弱的国家提供大量财政和技术援助，帮助他们减少排放，适应气候的变化。这就是为什么我们参与推进快速启动融资项目的原因，这笔资金将在2012年达到100亿美元，支持有需要的国家适应变化，减轻受到的影响。

And today I’d like to announce that, in the context of a strong accord in which all major economies stand behind meaningful mitigation actions and provide full transparency as to their implementation, the United States is prepared to work with other countries toward a goal of jointly mobilizing $100 billion a year by 2020 to address the climate change needs of developing countries.We expect this funding will come from a wide variety of sources, public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative sources of finance.This will include a significant focus on forestry and adaptation, particularly, again I repeat, for the poorest and most vulnerable among us.今天我宣布，在达成强有力的协议的情况下，所有的主要经济体根据协议支持采取有意义的减排行动，并为各自的执行情况提供充分的透明度，美国准备与其他国家合作，在2020 年前每年共同提供1,000亿美元，用于满足发展中国家适应气候变化的各种需要。我们预期这笔资金将来自政府与民间、双边与多边等多种广泛的渠道，其中还包括特种融资渠道。极为重要的是，我再次重申，帮助我们中间最贫穷和最脆弱的国家发展林业和适应变化。

So there should be no doubt about the commitment of the United States to reaching a successful agreement here in Copenhagen and meeting this great global challenge together.因此，美国坚持要求在哥本哈根为共同应对这项巨大的全球挑战达成一项成功的协议，对于美国的决心不应该有任何怀疑。

But ultimately this must be a common effort.We all know there are real challenges that remain in the hours left to these negotiations.And it is no secret that we have lost precious time in these past days.In the time we have left here, it can no longer be about us versus them – this group of nations pitted against that group.We all face the same challenge together.但从根本上来说，这必须是一项共同的努力。我们都知道，剩下的时间已经不多，但谈判仍然面临严峻的挑战。众所周知，在过去的日子里，我们损失了宝贵的时间。在我们剩下的时间里，不应该再有我们与他们的相互对峙– 这一组国家与那一组国家的僵持不下。我们大家都面对共同的挑战。

I have often quoted a Chinese proverb which says that when you are in a common boat, you have to cross the river peacefully together.Well, we are in a common boat.All of the major economies have an obligation to commit to meaningful mitigation actions and stand behind them in a transparent way.And all of us have an obligation to engage constructively and creatively toward a workable solution.We need to avoid negotiating approaches that undermine rather than advance progress toward our objective.我时常引用中国的一句成语,“同舟共济”。现在我们都在同一条船上。所有的主要经济体都有义务坚持有意义的减排行动，并以透明的方式做到言出必行。我们大家都有义务以建设性和创造性的方式相互交往，寻求可行的解决方案。我们应该为实现我们的目标起促进作用，避免采取不利于取得进展的方式。

I am deeply concerned about the consequences for developing countriesif we cannot secure the kind of strong operational accord I’ve described today.We know what the consequences will be for the farmer in Bangladesh or the herder in Africa or the family being battered by hurricanes in Central America.Without that accord, there won’t be the kind of joint global action from all of the major economies we all want to see, and the effects in the developing world could be catastrophic.We know what will happen.Rising seas, lost farmland, drought and so much else.Without the accord, the opportunity to mobilize significant resources to assist developing countries with mitigation and adaptation will be lost.如果我们不能达成我今天谈到的强有力的、切实可行的协议，我对发展中国家--从孟加拉国(Bangladesh)到马尔代夫(Maldives)，从加勒比(Caribbean)到西非(West Africa)和太平洋岛国(Pacific Islands)--将因此面临的后果深感忧虑。我们知道孟加拉的农民、非洲的牧民、中美洲被飓风毁于一旦的家庭将面临什么后果。没有这个协议，就没有我们都想看到的主要经济体的全球联合行动，发展中国家将受到灾难性的影响。我们知道将出现什么情形。海面上升、耕地流失、干旱连绵以及更多其它灾害。没有这个协议，动员大量资源帮助发展中国家减轻影响和适应变化的机会就会失去。

Over the next two days, we will be discussing these issues further.This problem is not going away, even when we leave Copenhagen.But neither is our resolve.We must try to overcome the obstacles that remain.We must not only seize this moment, but raise our oars together and row in the same direction toward our common destination and destiny.And the United States is ready to do our part.Thank you.今后两天，我们要进一步讨论这些问题。即使我们离开哥本哈根，问题也不会离我们而去。但是，我们的决心也不会就此消失。我们必须努力克服尚存的困难。我们不仅要抓住时机，还要一同举起我们的船桨，为了我们共同的目标和命运朝同一个方向前进。美国准备尽自己的力量。谢谢大家。

第三篇：美国国务卿希拉里在联合国气候变化框架大会发表讲话

美国国务卿希拉里在联合国气候变化框架大会发表讲话

2009年12月17日，美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿(Hillary Rodham Clinton)在出席联合国气候变化框架大会（United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change）期间发表讲话。以下是讲话全文：

Remarks at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton

Copenhagen, Denmark December 17, 2009

在联合国气候变化框架大会发表讲话

国务卿希拉里·克林顿

丹麦,哥本哈根 2009年12月17日 Thank you all for coming this morning.I arrived in Copenhagen several hours ago.I’ve just had a briefing on the state of the negotiations.I'd like to give you a brief report on where we stand and then make an announcement.谢谢诸位今天上午来到这里。几小时前，我才抵达哥本哈根。我刚听取了有关谈判目前状况的介绍。我想简单地向诸位谈谈我们的立场，然后宣布有关行动。First, let me thank Todd Stern and the terrific team representing the United States at this conference.Actually, they’ve been representing us ever since the beginning of the Obama Administration over this past year.首先，我感谢托德·斯特恩(Todd Stern)以及代表美国出席这次大会的优秀的代表团成员。事实上，自奥巴马政府开始执政一年来，他们始终担任我们的代表。We appointed Todd Stern as our first-ever Special Envoy for Climate Change because we understood that this is one of the most urgent global challenges of our time, and it demands a global solution.Climate change threatens not only our environment, but our economy and our security--this is an undeniable and unforgiving fact.我们任命托德·斯特恩为我们的首位气候变化事务特使，是因为我们认识到这是我们时代面临的最紧迫的全球挑战之一，需要有全球性的对策。气候变化不仅威胁到我们的环境，还危及我们的经济与安全，这是不可否认的严酷事实。So in addition to the robust actions that the Obama Administration has taken at home--from the historic investment in clean energy included in the Recovery Act to the new efficiency standards for cars, trucks, and appliances--we have pursued an unprecedented effort to engage partners around the world in the fight against climate change.And we produced real results.因此，奥巴马政府除了在国内积极采取行动外--从已纳入《复苏法案》（Recovery Act）的对清洁能源具有历史意义的投资，到为小汽车、卡车和电器制定新的节能标准--我们还进行了前所未有的努力，联合全球合作伙伴共同抗击气候变化。我们已取得实际的成果。

President Obama launched the Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate which brought together key developed and developing countries.He also spearheaded an agreement, first among the G20 and then the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation nations, to phase out fossil fuel subsidies.奥巴马总统发起了“能源与气候问题主要经济体论坛”(Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate)，汇聚主要发达国家和发展中国家共同参与。他还以20国集团（G-20）为开端，率先为逐步取消对矿物燃料的补贴达成协议，随后又与亚太经合组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation）成员取得一致。And after a year of diplomacy, we have come to Copenhagen ready to take the steps necessary to achieve a comprehensive and operational new agreement that will provide a foundation for long-term, sustainable economic growth.Our U.S.delegation includes not just the President of the United States, but six members of his Cabinet.经过一年的外交努力，我们来到哥本哈根，准备采取必要措施，要求达成全面的、切实可行的新协议，为长期、可持续的经济增长奠定基础。我们美国代表团不仅包括美国总统，而且还有6名内阁成员。

We have now reached the critical juncture in these negotiations.I understand that the talks have been difficult.I know that our team, along with many others, are working hard and around the clock to forge a deal.And we will continue doing all that we can do.But the time is at hand for all countries to reach for common ground and take an historic step that we can all be proud of.我们现在已进入谈判的关键阶段。我知道，谈判是艰难的。我知道，我们的谈判代表，与其他许多谈判代表一样，正为达成协议昼夜不停地工作。我们将继续竭尽全力。然而，对所有的国家来说，寻求共同点，采取值得我们大家自豪的具有历史意义的行动，现在时间已所剩无几。There is a way forward based on a number of core elements: decisive national actions, an operational accord that internationalizes those actions, assistance for nations that are the most vulnerable and least prepared to meet the effects of climate change, and standards of transparency that provide credibility to the entire process.The world community should accept no less.推动谈判取得进展取决于一些核心因素：果断的国家行动；以切实可行的协议使这些行动国际化；为最脆弱和最缺乏准备的国家抗击气候变化的影响提供援助；维护整体进程信誉的透明度标准。国际社会不应该降低标准。And the United States is ready to embrace this path.美国已准备好走这一条道路。

First, we have announced our intention to cut our emissions in the range of 17 percent below 2005 levels in 2020 and ultimately in line with final climate and energy legislation.In light of the President’s goals, the expected pathway in pending legislation would extend those cuts to 30 percent by 2025, 42 percent by 2030, and more than 80 percent by 2050.首先，我们已宣布到2020年将我国温室气体排放在2005年的基础上削减17%的意图，并最终使之符合最后通过的气候与能源法案。按照总统制定的目标，如果正在审议的立法按预定方案通过，到2025年减排幅度将增至30%，到2030年增至42%，2050年达80%以上。

Second, we also recognize that an agreement must provide generous financial and technological support for developing countries, particularly the poorest and most vulnerable, to help them reduce emissions and adapt to climate change.That’s why we joined an effort to mobilize fast-start funding that will ramp up to $10 billion in 2012 to support the adaptation and mitigation efforts of countries in need.第二，我们还认识到，协议必须要求向发展中国家，特别是最贫穷和最脆弱的国家提供大量财政和技术援助，帮助他们减少排放，适应气候的变化。这就是为什么我们参与推进快速启动融资项目的原因，这笔资金将在2012年达到100亿美元，支持有需要的国家适应变化，减轻受到的影响。

And today I’d like to announce that, in the context of a strong accord in which all major economies stand behind meaningful mitigation actions and provide full transparency as to their implementation, the United States is prepared to work with other countries toward a goal of jointly mobilizing $100 billion a year by 2020 to address the climate change needs of developing countries.We expect this funding will come from a wide variety of sources, public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative sources of finance.This will include a significant focus on forestry and adaptation, particularly, again I repeat, for the poorest and most vulnerable among us.今天我宣布，在达成强有力的协议的情况下，所有的主要经济体根据协议支持采取有意义的减排行动，并为各自的执行情况提供充分的透明度，美国准备与其他国家合作，在2020 年前每年共同提供1,000亿美元，用于满足发展中国家适应气候变化的各种需要。我们预期这笔资金将来自政府与民间、双边与多边等多种广泛的渠道，其中还包括特种融资渠道。极为重要的是，我再次重申，帮助我们中间最贫穷和最脆弱的国家发展林业和适应变化。

So there should be no doubt about the commitment of the United States to reaching a successful agreement here in Copenhagen and meeting this great global challenge together.因此，美国坚持要求在哥本哈根为共同应对这项巨大的全球挑战达成一项成功的协议，对于美国的决心不应该有任何怀疑。

But ultimately this must be a common effort.We all know there are real challenges that remain in the hours left to these negotiations.And it is no secret that we have lost precious time in these past days.In the time we have left here, it can no longer be about us versus them – this group of nations pitted against that group.We all face the same challenge together.但从根本上来说，这必须是一项共同的努力。我们都知道，剩下的时间已经不多，但谈判仍然面临严峻的挑战。众所周知，在过去的日子里，我们损失了宝贵的时间。在我们剩下的时间里，不应该再有我们与他们的相互对峙– 这一组国家与那一组国家的僵持不下。我们大家都面对共同的挑战。

I have often quoted a Chinese proverb which says that when you are in a common boat, you have to cross the river peacefully together.Well, we are in a common boat.All of the major economies have an obligation to commit to meaningful mitigation actions and stand behind them in a transparent way.And all of us have an obligation to engage constructively and creatively toward a workable solution.We need to avoid negotiating approaches that undermine rather than advance progress toward our objective.我时常引用中国的一句成语,“同舟共济”。现在我们都在同一条船上。所有的主要经济体都有义务坚持有意义的减排行动，并以透明的方式做到言出必行。我们大家都有义务以建设性和创造性的方式相互交往，寻求可行的解决方案。我们应该为实现我们的目标起促进作用，避免采取不利于取得进展的方式。I am deeply concerned about the consequences for developing countriesif we cannot secure the kind of strong operational accord I’ve described today.We know what the consequences will be for the farmer in Bangladesh or the herder in Africa or the family being battered by hurricanes in Central America.Without that accord, there won’t be the kind of joint global action from all of the major economies we all want to see, and the effects in the developing world could be catastrophic.We know what will happen.Rising seas, lost farmland, drought and so much else.Without the accord, the opportunity to mobilize significant resources to assist developing countries with mitigation and adaptation will be lost.如果我们不能达成我今天谈到的强有力的、切实可行的协议，我对发展中国家--从孟加拉国(Bangladesh)到马尔代夫(Maldives)，从加勒比(Caribbean)到西非(West Africa)和太平洋岛国(Pacific Islands)--将因此面临的后果深感忧虑。我们知道孟加拉的农民、非洲的牧民、中美洲被飓风毁于一旦的家庭将面临什么后果。没有这个协议，就没有我们都想看到的主要经济体的全球联合行动，发展中国家将受到灾难性的影响。我们知道将出现什么情形。海面上升、耕地流失、干旱连绵以及更多其它灾害。没有这个协议，动员大量资源帮助发展中国家减轻影响和适应变化的机会就会失去。

Over the next two days, we will be discussing these issues further.This problem is not going away, even when we leave Copenhagen.But neither is our resolve.We must try to overcome the obstacles that remain.We must not only seize this moment, but raise our oars together and row in the same direction toward our common destination and destiny.And the United States is ready to do our part.Thank you.今后两天，我们要进一步讨论这些问题。即使我们离开哥本哈根，问题也不会离我们而去。但是，我们的决心也不会就此消失。我们必须努力克服尚存的困难。我们不仅要抓住时机，还要一同举起我们的船桨，为了我们共同的目标和命运朝同一个方向前进。美国准备尽自己的力量。谢谢大家。

第四篇：气候变化大会联合国副秘书长讲话

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U N I T E D

N A T I O N S

N A T I O N S

U N I E S MR.SHA ZUKANG UNDER-SECRETARY-GENERAL FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL

AFFAIRS TO THE FORUM ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION

Beijing, 24-15 April 2008

Climate change has risen to the top of the policy agenda, at local, national, and international levels.The Secretary-General has called climate change one of the defining challenges of our time.At the Bali Climate Change Conference, parties launched a process of negotiations that will conclude in 2009.The UNFCCC meeting in Bangkok earlier this month adopted a detailed programme of work.We are entering into a period of intensive and very significant negotiations.气候变化已成为地方，国家和国际社会最为关注的重大政策课题。联合国秘书长潘基文先生认为气候变化是当今时代性的挑战之一。在巴厘岛气候变化大会上，缔约方发起了以2009年为终点的谈判进程。本月初在曼谷召开的联合国气候变化框架公约会议，通过了详尽的工作方案，从而进入了紧张而重要的谈判过程。

The reality of global climate change has heightened the critical importance of science and technological innovation to achieve sustainable development goals.The capacity to produce, select, adapt, and disseminate knowledge is critical for sustained economic growth and improved quality of life.The wealth of the world’s industrialized economies is built on the intensive exploitation of scientific and technological knowledge.Recently, leading developing countries have been rapidly developing their own capacities in science and technology.全球气候变化的现实突出了以科技创新推动可持续发展的重要性。它高度突出了科技创新的重要性。人类发明，创造，改进和传播知识的能力，是维持经济增长，不断改善人民生活的先决条件之一。世界发达国家的财富积累，大大受益于科技知识的积累。近年来，发展中国家的一些大国，在科技领域中也突飞猛进，加强了自己的实力。

Climate change is a complex, multi-dimensional problem.An effective and sustainable response to climate change demands the best, most up-to-date scientific assessments of the issue, made in a holistic and multi-disciplinary way.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)continues to provide the most authoritative assessment of the state of our knowledge about the physical, economic and social dimensions of climate change.气候变化是一个复杂而多样性的问题。要有效而持久地应对气候变化，首先需要对它进行最先进，最全面，多部们的评估。政府间气候变化专业委员会，对气候变化的经济，社会，和自然界影响，将继续提供最权威的评估，提高我们的认识。

Climate change is as much an opportunity as it is a threat.The High-level Event held on 24 September 2007 at the United Nations in New York has sent a strong message that all countries are committed to addressing climate change.Global awareness has grown tremendously and there is readiness to act.The High-level Event also reaffirmed common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities in combating climate change.气候变化即是一项挑战，同时也是一个机遇。去年9月24日潘基文秘书长在纽约联合国总部召开一次高级别会议。会议鲜明地指出，世界各国有决心应对气候变化。全球对气候变化的认识已大幅提高，各界人士积极性高涨，跃跃欲试。高级别会议还再次重申了在应对气候变化方面共同但有区别的责任和各自的能力。

Cleaner technologies, including cleaner energy technologies, have an important role to play in addressing climate change.According to the IPCC, a range of stabilization scenarios can be achieved with a portfolio of technologies some of which are already available.Others are expected to be ready for broader application in coming decades.在应对气候变化过程中，清洁技术，包括清洁能源技术，可发挥重要的作用。政府间气候变化专业委员会评估表明，通过技术创新和利用，包括现有技术的利用，二氧化碳的浓度可以稳定下来。未来10年内将会诞生新技术，得到更广泛的运用。

What we do not have, however, is the luxury of time, as the window of opportunity for reducing emissions and combating climate change is closing rapidly.Mitigation and adaptation action in this and the coming decades is crucial to stabilizing greenhouse gases at a level generally considered safe by IPCC scientists.Therefore we must accelerate the deployment, and enhance the accessibility, of existing clean technologies.We must redouble our efforts to diffuse and transfer proven technologies, for instance, in the area of energy efficiency.At the same time, we should continue to advance the frontiers of innovation and discovery.This will require sustained investment in energy research and development(R&D).At present, compared to other sectors, global public spending and private spending on energy R&D remains low.但我们不能应此就袖手旁观，错失良机。我们要把握目前减少排放，应对气候变化的机遇，抓紧行动，争取在今后10至15年内，把二氧化碳的浓度稳定在政府间气候变化专业委员会认为安全的水平。当务之急，是尽快获得并运用现有的清洁技术。已检验成功的清洁技术，比如能提高能源效率的技术，我们应加倍努力来促进这些技术的推广和转让。与此同时，我们应继续开拓发明创造与技术革新的新边缘，不断加强能源研究与开发的投入。目前，与其他部门相比，全球能源研究与开发的总投入，不论是公营，还是私营部门，都处于低落状态。

Technology innovation is an ongoing process.Fifteen years ago, few could have predicted the way in which cell phones and other telecommunications technologies have developed.Now, we need to accelerate the transition to a sustainable low-carbon energy economy.Scientists, researchers and entrepreneurs need to again rise to the occasion, and to play their part in this transition process.技术革新，是一个不断更新的过程。15年前，谁能预见信息技术，如手机等，会如此突飞猛进。今天，我们要不断加快迈向低碳能源经济的转型。我们需要科学家，研究人才，企业家，携手并进，为低碳能源经济的转型而发愤图强。

The production and dissemination of scientific and technological knowledge thrives in the right environment.Experience and economic theory teach us that public support for R&D is a necessity.Incentives can foster private sector investment in R&D.科技知识的萌发传播，需要恰当的土壤。经济理论和实际经验告诉我们，国家对科技研究与发展的支持，不可缺少；私营部门对科技研究与发展的投入，需要鼓励和奖励。

Equally critical is international technology cooperation and focussed partnerships, both to broaden the scope and to accelerate the pace of innovation.There remain untapped potentials for cooperation between developed and developing countries, as well as for South-South cooperation.Indigenous knowledge and practice can be an important source of innovation, especially when facilitated through cross-fertilization of ideas.加强国际技术合作和明确的伙伴关系，同样不可缺少，由此而扩大技术革新的范畴，加快技术革新的步伐。发达与发展中国家之间的合作潜力，南 南合作的潜力，都有待开发。各国本土产生的知识与经验，也是科技革新的肥沃土壤，通过交流，相互补充而萌发，茁壮成长。

The energy sector is the central front in the battle to mitigate GHG emissions.The International Energy Agency(IEA)estimates that the world will need to invest about US$20 trillion in new energy infrastructure between now and 2030.The shift in the pattern of investment towards clean technologies should begin early and should be sustained over time.如果减少温室气体排放是一场大战，能源则是主战场。据国际能源机构估计，从目前到2030年，世界能源基础设施的新投资，将超出2万亿美元。我们应早起步，改变能源投资方向，转向清洁能源，并确保投资不断。

Overseas it is often noted that, on average, China builds a coal-fired power plant every ten days, with consequences for carbon dioxide emissions.Less well known is the fact that China is rapidly becoming a major global producer of wind energy, with about half of the domestic market supplied by equipment from domestic firms.In fact, renewable energy already accounts for nearly 10 per cent of total energy supply in China today, and its contribution is expected to increase to 15 per cent by 2020.Encouraging developments are taking place in other developing countries, too, as they develop to become technology providers and innovators.国外经常报道，中国每十天就新建一家煤炭发电厂，增加二氧化碳的排放。但鲜为人知的事实是，中国正快速成为世界生产风能的大国，中国的风能市场，半数以上的设备是自产。可再生能源已占中国能源供应的百分之十，到2020年预计可达百分之十五。其他发展中国家近年来也有可喜的进展，逐渐成为技术创新国和输出国。

However, developing countries continue to confront barriers to access to clean and climate-friendly technology.International technology cooperation and partnerships can help to overcome these barriers and accelerate the transfer, deployment and diffusion of climate mitigation and adaptation technology.然而，发展中国家在获得应对气候变化的清洁技术方面，继续面临重重障碍。加强国际技术合作，推动伙伴关系，将有助于克服这些障碍，从而加快减排与应对技术的使用，传播和转让。

Adaptation to the adverse impacts of climate change is a looming reality for most countries, China included.Adaptation technologies, such as in the area of biotechnology and efficient use of water, will need to be vigorously pursued.应对气候变化的不利影响，对大多数国家而言，包括中国，已是迫在眉睫。我们要大力推广应对技术，包括有关的生物技术，并不断提高水资源的效用。

The Secretary-General has called on the entire UN system to better coordinate its support for Member States in the area of climate change.The UN Department that I lead – the Department of Economic and Social Affairs – supports the Secretary-General in his initiatives on climate change and has a particular focus on international technology cooperation.潘基文秘书长要求整个联合国系统组织密切合作，协调支持各成员国应对气候变化。我所领导的经社部，充分支持秘书长的各项倡议，把工作重点放在国际技术合作方面。

China’s capabilities in the field of science and technology are widely recognized.I hope that this Forum can contribute to ensuring that the collective talents and capabilities of all those present are harnessed for the purposes of climate change mitigation and adaptation.中国近年在科技领域的发展，举世瞩目。我相信，本论坛群英聚会，各抒己见，定能为气候变化的减排和应对，献智献策。

Thank you.

第五篇：美国国务卿克林顿在出席联合国气候变化框架大会期间发表讲话

美国国务卿克林顿在出席联合国气候变化框架大会期间发表讲话，宣布在达成协议的前提下，美国准备与其他国家合作，在2020年前每年共同提供1,000亿美元，用于满足发展中国家适应气候变化的各种需要。以下是演讲稿中英文对照版本：

Thank you all for coming this morning.I arrived in Copenhagen several hours ago.I’ve just had a briefing on the state of the negotiations.I'd like to give you a brief report on where we stand and then make an announcement.谢谢诸位今天上午来到这里。几小时前，我才抵达哥本哈根。我刚听取了有关谈判目前状况的介绍。我想简单地向诸位谈谈我们的立场，然后宣布有关行动。First, let me thank Todd Stern and the terrific team representing the United States at this conference.Actually, they’ve been representing us ever since the beginning of the Obama Administration over this past year.首先，我感谢托德·斯特恩(Todd Stern)以及代表美国出席这次大会的优秀的代表团成员。事实上，自奥巴马政府开始执政一年来，他们始终担任我们的代表。We appointed Todd Stern as our first-ever Special Envoy for Climate Change because we understood that this is one of the most urgent global challenges of our time, and it demands a global solution.Climate change threatens not only our environment, but our economy and our security--this is an undeniable and unforgiving fact.我们任命托德·斯特恩为我们的首位气候变化事务特使，是因为我们认识到这是我们时代面临的最紧迫的全球挑战之一，需要有全球性的对策。气候变化不仅威胁到我们的环境，还危及我们的经济与安全，这是不可否认的严酷事实。So in addition to the robust actions that the Obama Administration has taken at home--from the historic investment in clean energy included in the Recovery Act to the new efficiency standards for cars, trucks, and appliances--we have pursued an unprecedented effort to engage partners around the world in the fight against climate change.And we produced real results.因此，奥巴马政府除了在国内积极采取行动外--从已纳入《复苏法案》（Recovery Act）的对清洁能源具有历史意义的投资，到为小汽车、卡车和电器制定新的节能标准--我们还进行了前所未有的努力，联合全球合作伙伴共同抗击气候变化。我们已取得实际的成果。President Obama launched the Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate which brought together key developed and developing countries.He also spearheaded an agreement, first among the G20 and then the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation nations, to phase out fossil fuel subsidies.奥巴马总统发起了“能源与气候问题主要经济体论坛”(Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate)，汇聚主要发达国家和发展中国家共同参与。他还以20国集团（G-20）为开端，率先为逐步取消对矿物燃料的补贴达成协议，随后又与亚太经合组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation）成员取得一致。And after a year of diplomacy, we have come to Copenhagen ready to take the steps necessary to achieve a comprehensive and operational new agreement that will provide a foundation for long-term, sustainable economic growth.Our U.S.delegation includes not just the President of the United States, but six members of his Cabinet.经过一年的外交努力，我们来到哥本哈根，准备采取必要措施，要求达成全面的、切实可行的新协议，为长期、可持续的经济增长奠定基础。我们美国代表团不仅包括美国总统，而且还有6名内阁成员。

We have now reached the critical juncture in these negotiations.I understand that the talks have been difficult.I know that our team, along with many others, are working hard and around the clock to forge a deal.And we will continue doing all that we can do.But the time is at hand for all countries to reach for common ground and take an historic step that we can all be proud of.我们现在已进入谈判的关键阶段。我知道，谈判是艰难的。我知道，我们的谈判代表，与其他许多谈判代表一样，正为达成协议昼夜不停地工作。我们将继续竭尽全力。然而，对所有的国家来说，寻求共同点，采取值得我们大家自豪的具有历史意义的行动，现在时间已所剩无几。

There is a way forward based on a number of core elements: decisive national actions, an operational accord that internationalizes those actions, assistance for nations that are the most vulnerable and least prepared to meet the effects of climate change, and standards of transparency that provide credibility to the entire process.The world community should accept no less.推动谈判取得进展取决于一些核心因素：果断的国家行动；以切实可行的协议使这些行动国际化；为最脆弱和最缺乏准备的国家抗击气候变化的影响提供援助；维护整体进程信誉的透明度标准。国际社会不应该降低标准。And the United States is ready to embrace this path.美国已准备好走这一条道路。

First, we have announced our intention to cut our emissions in the range of 17 percent below 2005 levels in 2020 and ultimately in line with final climate and energy legislation.In light of the President’s goals, the expected pathway in pending legislation would extend those cuts to 30 percent by 2025, 42 percent by 2030, and more than 80 percent by 2050.首先，我们已宣布到2020年将我国温室气体排放在2005年的基础上削减17%的意图，并最终使之符合最后通过的气候与能源法案。按照总统制定的目标，如果正在审议的立法按预定方案通过，到2025年减排幅度将增至30%，到2030年增至42%，2050年达80%以上。

Second, we also recognize that an agreement must provide generous financial and technological support for developing countries, particularly the poorest and most vulnerable, to help them reduce emissions and adapt to climate change.That’s why we joined an effort to mobilize fast-start funding that will ramp up to $10 billion in 2012 to support the adaptation and mitigation efforts of countries in need.第二，我们还认识到，协议必须要求向发展中国家，特别是最贫穷和最脆弱的国家提供大量财政和技术援助，帮助他们减少排放，适应气候的变化。这就是为什么我们参与推进快速启动融资项目的原因，这笔资金将在2012年达到100亿美元，支持有需要的国家适应变化，减轻受到的影响。

And today I’d like to announce that, in the context of a strong accord in which all major economies stand behind meaningful mitigation actions and provide full transparency as to their implementation, the United States is prepared to work with other countries toward a goal of jointly mobilizing $100 billion a year by 2020 to address the climate change needs of developing countries.We expect this funding will come from a wide variety of sources, public and private, bilateral and multilateral, including alternative sources of finance.This will include a significant focus on forestry and adaptation, particularly, again I repeat, for the poorest and most vulnerable among us.今天我宣布，在达成强有力的协议的情况下，所有的主要经济体根据协议支持采取有意义的减排行动，并为各自的执行情况提供充分的透明度，美国准备与其他国家合作，在2020 年前每年共同提供1,000亿美元，用于满足发展中国家适应气候变化的各种需要。我们预期这笔资金将来自政府与民间、双边与多边等多种广泛的渠道，其中还包括特种融资渠道。极为重要的是，我再次重申，帮助我们中间最贫穷和最脆弱的国家发展林业和适应变化。So there should be no doubt about the commitment of the United States to reaching a successful agreement here in Copenhagen and meeting this great global challenge together.因此，美国坚持要求在哥本哈根为共同应对这项巨大的全球挑战达成一项成功的协议，对于美国的决心不应该有任何怀疑。

But ultimately this must be a common effort.We all know there are real challenges that remain in the hours left to these negotiations.And it is no secret that we have lost precious time in these past days.In the time we have left here, it can no longer be about us versus them – this group of nations pitted against that group.We all face the same challenge together.但从根本上来说，这必须是一项共同的努力。我们都知道，剩下的时间已经不多，但谈判仍然面临严峻的挑战。众所周知，在过去的日子里，我们损失了宝贵的时间。在我们剩下的时间里，不应该再有我们与他们的相互对峙– 这一组国家与那一组国家的僵持不下。我们大家都面对共同的挑战。

I have often quoted a Chinese proverb which says that when you are in a common boat, you have to cross the river peacefully together.Well, we are in a common boat.All of the major economies have an obligation to commit to meaningful mitigation actions and stand behind them in a transparent way.And all of us have an obligation to engage constructively and creatively toward a workable solution.We need to avoid negotiating approaches that undermine rather than advance progress toward our objective.我时常引用中国的一句成语,“同舟共济”。现在我们都在同一条船上。所有的主要经济体都有义务坚持有意义的减排行动，并以透明的方式做到言出必行。我们大家都有义务以建设性和创造性的方式相互交往，寻求可行的解决方案。我们应该为实现我们的目标起促进作用，避免采取不利于取得进展的方式。I am deeply concerned about the consequences for developing countriesif we cannot secure the kind of strong operational accord I’ve described today.We know what the consequences will be for the farmer in Bangladesh or the herder in Africa or the family being battered by hurricanes in Central America.Without that accord, there won’t be the kind of joint global action from all of the major economies we all want to see, and the effects in the developing world could be catastrophic.We know what will happen.Rising seas, lost farmland, drought and so much else.Without the accord, the opportunity to mobilize significant resources to assist developing countries with mitigation and adaptation will be lost.如果我们不能达成我今天谈到的强有力的、切实可行的协议，我对发展中国家--从孟加拉国(Bangladesh)到马尔代夫(Maldives)，从加勒比(Caribbean)到西非(West Africa)和太平洋岛国(Pacific Islands)--将因此面临的后果深感忧虑。我们知道孟加拉的农民、非洲的牧民、中美洲被飓风毁于一旦的家庭将面临什么后果。没有这个协议，就没有我们都想看到的主要经济体的全球联合行动，发展中国家将受到灾难性的影响。我们知道将出现什么情形。海面上升、耕地流失、干旱连绵以及更多其它灾害。没有这个协议，动员大量资源帮助发展中国家减轻影响和适应变化的机会就会失去。

Over the next two days, we will be discussing these issues further.This problem is not going away, even when we leave Copenhagen.But neither is our resolve.We must try to overcome the obstacles that remain.We must not only seize this moment, but raise our oars together and row in the same direction toward our common destination and destiny.And the United States is ready to do our part.Thank you.今后两天，我们要进一步讨论这些问题。即使我们离开哥本哈根，问题也不会离我们而去。但是，我们的决心也不会就此消失。我们必须努力克服尚存的困难。我们不仅要抓住时机，还要一同举起我们的船桨，为了我们共同的目标和命运朝同一个方向前进。美国准备尽自己的力量。谢谢大家。