TED演讲(中英双语) 我们都是赛博人(关键词：科技与社会)

第一篇：TED演讲(中英双语) 我们都是赛博人(关键词：科技与社会)

安博∙凯斯：我们都是赛博人

Amber Case:We are all cyborgs now 0:11我想告诉你们大家 你们其实都是半机器人，不是你们想象的那种半机器人。你们不是机器战警，也不是魔鬼终结者，但是你每次看着电脑屏幕 或者使用手机时你就是个半机器人。所以什么是半机器人的定义呢？传统的定义是一个生物体 “为了适应环境而被 加入外源成分。” 这是从1960年一篇太空旅行的文章中摘录的。因为你想，空间是很可怕的； 人类本不会去那里。但是人类很好奇，他们很可能会给他们身体里加东西 所以他们有一天可以去阿尔卑斯山 然后另一天又变成海里的一条鱼。

0:49所以让我们看看传统的人类学观点。有人到另一个国家 说：“这些人多么神奇啊，他们的工具是多么有趣他们的文化是多么奇特啊！” 然后他们写文章，也许有少数几个其他人类学家读了，我们觉得它特别有异国情调。而正在发生的是 我们突然发现了一个新的物种。我作为一个半机器人的人类学家，突然说：“噢，我们突然就成了一种新新人类。过来看看这些魅力十足的文化。过来看看这令人好奇的仪式 每个人都环绕着技术行事。他们点击着东西，关注着荧屏。”

1:24我之所以研究这个 而不是传统的人类学是有原因的。因为工具的使用 从一开始，经历了成千上万年，一切都是对人类的一种自身改造。它帮助我们超越我们自身的体能，让我们走得更远，敲打起来更有力，而这些方面也是有限的。但是现在我们看到的不是人类自身体能的延伸，而是心智的延伸。因此，我们可以更快地旅行 用不同的方式交流。另一件正在发生的事情是 我们都挟带着小Mary Poppins的魔法技术。我们可以把任何东西都装进去，而它却不会变重，然后我们又可以把任何东西都从里面取出来。你计算机里面到底有什么？ 如果你把所有信息印出来，这就好比 你会不断地接受上千磅重的信息材料。而如果你真失去了这些信息，这意味着你心里感觉失去了它，你会突然感到少了什么，只是你看不见，你有一种非常奇怪的感觉。

2:20另一件发生的事情是你拥有了第二个自我。无论你是否喜欢，你开始在网上出现，当你不在那里的时候，人们跟你网上的 第二自我交流。所以你得小心 别把朋友圈的第一道防线都开放，也就是你脸书的墙头，别让人家半夜里随便在上面涂写 因为它的效果跟现实生活是几乎等同的。所以突然我们要维护我们的第二自我。你要在电子生活里展示自己 跟你在现实生活中要做的差不多。跟你醒来，冲淋浴，穿衣服一样，你要学习怎样在你的电子生活中做这些事。问题是现在很多人 特别是青少年 要经历两个青春期。他们要经历他们主要的那个，那已经是很不容易了，他们还要经历他们的第二自我的青春期。那更难 因为在这个实实在在的网络历史中 他们的网络经历都被记录。现在每个新接触技术的人 在网上都算是网络青少年。所以这是很尴尬的 让他们做这些事情很难。

3:19所以当我还小的时候，晚上我爸爸会让我坐下对我说，“我来教你未来的时间和空间问题。” 我说：“好。”有一天他说：“两点间的最短的距离是什么？” 我说：“是直线，这个你昨天已经告诉我了。我觉得自己很聪明。” 他说：“不是，不是，这儿有一个更好的办法。” 他拿了一张纸，在一面画了A在另一面画了B 然后把纸头折叠起来，让A和B碰在一起。然后他说：“这是两点间最短的距离。” 我说：“爸爸，爸爸，你怎么做到的？” 他说：“你就这样把时间和空间弯曲了，这需要花很大的能量，这就是你要做的。” 我说：“我想要这样做。” 他说：“好啊。” 于是，之后的10，20年，我晚上去睡觉 总是想，“我要成为创造虫洞-时光隧道的人 让事物加速。我想做一个时间机器。” 我总是用录音带给未来的我 传递信息。

4:15但是当我进了大学后发现 技术不是因为它有用，所以人们 才接纳它； 技术是在人们的应用过程中被接纳的它是为人类的应用需求而产生的。所以我开始学习人类学。而当我在写关于手机的论文时，我认识到每个人的口袋里都装着虫洞-时光隧道。这虫洞-时光隧道不是通过身体接触来传递信息，它们其实是在心智上传递信息。人们按一下按钮，人们就把A和B立刻联系起来了。我想：“噢，哇，我找到了，这太棒了。”

4:43所以随着时间的推移，时间和空间 都因此被压缩联系在一起。你可以站在世界的这一头低语，而世界的另一端就能听到了。而我另外想到的是 你用的每个设备都给你一个不同类型的时间。每个网页都给你一个不同的时间轴。你因此而到处挖掘 你延伸的记忆，你把它们存在哪里了呢？ 所以现在我们都成了古生物学家挖掘我们遗失了的东西 我们将我们延伸的外部大脑揣在口袋里。这会促发某种恐慌。不行，这东西到底存在哪里？ 在信息爆炸前，我们都跟我爱露西电视里演的那样措手不及，我们跟不上信息的脚步。5:20因此 我们把这些都带到社交空间，结果我们每时每刻都在查看电话。所以我们把这个东西称为亲密环境。我们不是跟每个人时刻都联系着，但是我们在任何时候可以和任何人交流。如果你可以把你手机上的人都打印出来，那个屋子一定十分拥挤。一般而言，这些就是你能联系到的人 和你有联系的所有朋友，家人

5:43这也会随之带来一些心理影响。其实我担心的一个是 人们不再花时间停下来内心反省，人们不再放慢速度和停下来，人们时刻和屋里的所有的人在一起 在同一时间界面 要争取所有人的注意力 仿佛我们生活在研究古生物学和面对恐慌的构架中。他们并不只是坐在那里。真的，当你没有外来影响时 就保留了一段创造自我的时间 你可以用来制定长远的计划 来试着发现你自己到底是什么样一个人。而一旦你这么做了，你就能弄清楚 怎样合理地展示你的第二自我 而不是等着每件事发生，然后临阵应付 噢，我得做这个，做这个，做这个 所以这是很重要的。我很担心，特别是今天的孩子，他们没有这种停机休息时间，他们生活在不断点击的文化中，什么东西都向他们扑面而来，他们对此非常兴奋，也非常容易上瘾。

6:36你想么，世界也不会停下来。它自己也有自己外部修复设备，这些设备都在帮助我们 互相沟通和互动交流。如果你现在能看见这些 将我们联系在一起的链接，你看见的是一副英特网的地图。它上去并不是技术化的； 它其实看上去是有机化的。这是人类有史以来，我们第一次这样 链接在一起。这并不是指机器主宰了我们； 它们只是帮助我们更加人性化，帮助我们互相联系。

7:09最成功的技术帮我们扫清障碍 帮我们生活得更好。真的，最终机器使我们人类比起技术化来说，变得更人性化，因为我们一直互相合作共同创造。所以这是我想研究的一个要点： 事物是美好的，这还是要归于人类之间的联系； 只是用了不同的方法。我们只是增强了我们人类的特性 以及我们不管地理位置的约束互相联系在一起的能力。这就是我研究半机器人类学的原因。7:36谢谢。7:38(掌声)0:11 I would like to tell you all that you are all actually cyborgs, but not the cyborgs that you think.You're not RoboCop, and you're not Terminator, but you're cyborgs every time you look at a computer screen or use one of your cell phone devices.So what's a good definition for cyborg? Well, traditional definition is “an organism to which exogenous components have been added for the purpose of adapting to new environments.” That came from a 1960 paper on space travel, because, if you think about it, space is pretty awkward.People aren't supposed to be there.But humans are curious, and they like to add things to their bodies so they can go to the Alps one day and then become a fish in the sea the next.0:49So let's look at the concept of traditional anthropology.Somebody goes to another country, says, “How fascinating these people are, how interesting their tools are, how curious their culture is.” And then they write a paper, and maybe a few other anthropologists read it, and we think it's very exotic.Well, what's happening is that we've suddenly found a new species.I, as a cyborg anthropologist, have suddenly said, “Oh, wow.Now suddenly we're a new form of Homo sapiens, and look at these fascinating cultures, and look at these curious rituals that everybody's doing around this technology.They're clicking on things and staring at screens.” 1:24Now there's a reason why I study this, versus traditional anthropology.And the reason is that tool use,in the beginning--for thousands and thousands of years, everything has been a physical modification of self.It has helped us to extend our physical selves, go faster, hit things harder, and there's been a limit on that.But now what we're looking at is not an extension of the physical self, but an extension of the mental self, and because of that, we're able to travel faster, communicate differently.And the other thing that happens is that we're all carrying around little Mary Poppins technology.We can put anything we want into it, and it doesn't get heavier, and then we can take anything out.What does the inside of your computer actually look like? Well, if you print it out, it looks like a thousand pounds of material that you're carrying around all the time.And if you actually lose that information, it means that you suddenly have this loss in your mind, that you suddenly feel like something's missing, except you aren't able to see it, so it feels like a very strange emotion.2:20The other thing that happens is that you have a second self.Whether you like it or not, you're starting to show up online, and people are interacting with your second self when you're not there.And so you have to be careful about leaving your front lawn open, which is basically your Facebook wall, so that people don't write on it in the middle of the night--because it's very much the equivalent.And suddenly we have to start to maintain our second self.You have to present yourself in digital life in a similar way that you would in your analog life.So, in the same way that you wake up, take a shower and get dressed, you have to learn to do that for your digital self.And the problem is that a lot of people now,especially adolescents, have to go through two adolescences.They have to go through their primary one, that's already awkward, and then they go through their second self's adolescence, and that's even more awkward because there's an actual history of what they've gone through online.And anybody coming in new to technology is an adolescent online right now, and so it's very awkward, and it's very difficult for them to do those things.3:19So when I was little, my dad would sit me down at night and he would say, “I'm going to teach you about time and space in the future.” And I said, “Great.” And he said one day, “What's the shortest distance between two points?” And I said, “Well, that's a straight line.You told me that yesterday.” I thought I was very clever.He said, “No, no, no.Here's a better way.” He took a piece of paper, drew A and B on one side and the other and folded them together so where A and B touched.And he said, “That is the shortest distance between two points.” And I said, “Dad, dad, dad, how do you do that?” He said, “Well, you just bend time and space, it takes an awful lot of energy, and that's just how you do it.”And I said, “I want to do that.” And he said, “Well, okay.” And so, when I went to sleep for the next 10 or 20 years, I was thinking at night, “I want to be the first person to create a wormhole, to make things accelerate faster.And I want to make a time machine.” I was always sending messages to my future self using tape recorders.4:15But then what I realized when I went to college is that technology doesn't just get adopted because it works.It gets adopted because people use it and it's made for humans.So I started studying anthropology.And when I was writing my thesis on cell phones, I realized that everyone was carrying around wormholes in their pockets.They weren't physically transporting themselves;they were mentally transporting themselves.They would click on a button, and they would be connected as A to B immediately.And I thought, “Oh, wow.I found it.This is great.” 4:43So over time, time and space have compressed because of this.You can stand on one side of the world, whisper something and be heard on the other.One of the other ideas that comes around is that you have a different type of time on every single device that you use.Every single browser tab gives you a different type of time.And because of that, you start to dig around for your external memories--where did you leave them? So now we're all these paleontologists that are digging for things that we've lost on our external brains that we're carrying around in our pockets.And that incites a sort of panic architecture--“Oh no, where's this thing?” We're all “I Love Lucy” on a great assembly line of information, and we can't keep up.5:20And so what happens is, when we bring all that into the social space, we end up checking our phones all the time.So we have this thing called ambient intimacy.It's not that we're always connected to everybody, but at anytime we can connect to anyone we want.And if you were able to print out everybody in your cell phone, the room would be very crowded.These are the people that you have access to right now, in general--all of these people, all of your friends and family that you can connect to.5:43And so there are some psychological effects that happen with this.One I'm really worried about is that people aren't taking time for mental reflection anymore, and that they aren't slowing down and stopping, being around all those people in the room all the time that are trying to compete for their attention on the simultaneous time interfaces, paleontology and panic architecture.They're not just sitting there.And really, when you have no external input, that is a time when there is a creation of self,when you can do long-term planning, when you can try and figure out who you really are.And then, once you do that, you can figure out how to present your second self in a legitimate way, instead of just dealing with everything as it comes in--and oh, I have to do this, and I have to do this, and I have to do this.And so this is very important.I'm really worried that, especially kids today, they're not going to be dealing with this down-time, that they have an instantaneous button-clicking culture, and that everything comes to them, and that they become very excited about it and very addicted to it.6:36So if you think about it, the world hasn't stopped either.It has its own external prosthetic devices, and these devices are helping us all to communicate and interact with each other.But when you actually visualize it, all the connections that we're doing right now--this is an image of the mapping of the Internet--it doesn't look technological.It actually looks very organic.This is the first time in the entire history of humanity that we've connected in this way.And it's not that machines are taking over.It's that they're helping us to be more human, helping us to connect with each other.7:09The most successful technology gets out of the way and helps us live our lives.And really, it ends up being more human than technology, because we're co-creating each other all the time.And so this is the important point that I like to study: that things are beautiful, that it's still a human connection--it's just done in a different way.We're just increasing our humanness and our ability to connect with each other, regardless of geography.So that's why I study cyborg anthropology.7:36Thank you.7:38(Applause)