IBM-English——全球顶级CEO演讲词

第一篇：IBM-English——全球顶级CEO演讲词

Good evening!It is a great honor for me to share this stage with the Lord Mayor, chief executive of Hannover, with Mr.Yang, and in a few minutes with Chancellor Kohl.I have been looking forward to this evening for a long time, because I have known for many years how important CeBIT is to the global Information Technology industry.So before I go any further I want to thank you very much for inviting me to participate in this important forum.Now I have given a lot of thought as to what I would say to you this evening.On the one hand, I am here as a representative of the Information Technology industry on the event that is bigger by orders of magnitude than any other technology exhibit.That is quite a statement in a industry that is good at many things, especially celebrating its own creations.On the other hand, like most of you, I have spent most of my professional life as a customer of this industry.So I know that after the splash and promises comes the harsh light of morning and often the customer is left standing alone wondering what happened, or as the head of one of our most important German customers put it, “Yours is an industry that is very good at weddings and not so good at marriages.” So tonight, while I will talk about the power and potential of Information Technology, I hope the temper of my remarks with the perspective I had when I came to IBM five years ago, the perspective of a customer.Now it is certainly easy to see why raw technology dominates these events.It is adoptive;it is breathtaking;and it is penetrating every aspect of our lives.Today there are more PCs sold annually in the world than TVs or cars.The typical luxury automobile today has 20 to 30 microprocessors in it, more computing power by far than was inside the landing-craft that took the first astronauts to the moon.Last year there were five times more E-mail messages sent than the number of pieces of paper mail delivered worldwide, 2.7 trillion E-mails.And I got more than my share.There is another way to look at what is going on.In the mid-1970s, the first super computers appeared.They were capable of about 100 million calculations per second.And they cost about one million dollars.Today the laptop computer that college students carry in their bags, packs, is twice as fast as that first super computer, and it costs less than 3000 dollars.The trend in data storage is even more impressive.In the early 80s, the standard unit of computer storage, one mega-byte, or one million bytes of information, cost about 100 dollars.Today, it is 10 cents.In two years, it will cost 2 cents.These gains are driven by continuous advances in how we pack information into smaller and smaller spaces.If the US Library of Congress could shrink its collections of 17 million books by the same factor we just discussed, it could replace 800 kilometers of shelf space with less than 40 meters of space.These advances are going to continue and accelerate the rate microprocessors, storage, communications, memory, and all the other engines that are propelling this industry or continue to lead to the products of the faster, smaller, and less expensive, just as they have for 30 years.But as we stand here today, the opening of CeBIT, we are on the threshold of a very important change and the evolution of this industry.In many ways, this industry, a very emitory industry, is about to play out in its most important dimension.That is because the technology has become so powerful and so pervasive that its future impact on people and governments and all institutions will dwarf what has happened today.I believe there are two trends that are most significant here, and bare the closest watching.The first is what we call deep computing.The term is inspired by our chess-playing super computer Deep Blue, which I believe many of you know competed with the Grand Master Gary Kasparov last year.Deep Blue is an amazing machine, capable of 200 million moves per second.But speed, while essential, is not enough.After all, Deep Blue's predecessor was quite fast, but it loss to Gary Kasparov two years ago.The difference in second time around was an infusion of knowledge, human chess knowledge, thousands and thousands of chess moves, games and outcomes, captured as mathematical algorithms.This is what led Deep Blue to mimic the workings of the human mind, and race through millions of possible chess positions and extract the best one.And it worked rather well.But Deep Blue is emblematic of a whole class of emerging computer systems that combine ultra-fast processing with sophisticated analytical software.Today we are applying these systems to challenges that are far more vital than chess.Let me talk about two important application areas, starting with simulation.Simulation is about replacing physical things with digital things, recreating reality inside these powerful computer systems.In the farmer suitacle industry, the ability to simulate the interaction of chemicals, and do it in the computer rather than in test-tubes and Petri dishes, can speed up by years the discovery and testing of new farmer suitacle.Mercedes, BMW, Fiat, Volvo, SAAM all design cars today on computers, no physical markups, no models.And aviation does so, pioneer many of these techniques, and Boeing broke new ground when it designed the 777 airplane entirely on computers.It was a very bold move, and even some of Boeing's engineers had trepidations.I had trepidations because three month after I joined IBM I went out to Boeing to see my good friend Frank SCHURZ , who was the CEO.And Frank said to me, “Since this new airplane was built on your computers, maybe you should go on the first flight.” And I said, “It is my wife's birthday.” And he said, “I did not even tell you the date yet.Coward!” Computer simulation saves time, saves money, and it gives customers a competitive advantage, and it can do more than that.Recently the US department of energy asked IBM to build a gigantic super computer to simulate nuclear weapons so that they will never have to be exploded for test purposes, ever again.The second type of deep computing is what we call data mining--some people call it business intelligence, the ability to extract inside from mountains of information, and see relationships and trends that previously were not available or invisible.Banks are looking at spending patterns and other demographic data to see which customers are more profitable over the long haul.Health-care companies are analyzing millions of patient records to find hidden indicators of disease.These tools are also helping slash the staggering cost of insurance fraud in the health-care industry, which is a hundred-billion-dollar problem in the United States alone.Insurance companies can now spot every billion practices.One company in the United States has saved 38 million dollars, having invested only 400 thousand in this technology.In one instance they found a doctor, who was sending it a bill once a week for a procedure that particularnews, weathers, sports scores, online magazines called E-zines, and short consumer information.IBM has had a different view for some time.We believe the real potential of the network world is for conducting transactions of all kinds, between parties of all kinds, an effect that seems to be what is happening.Consider that across Europe Internet sales of about one billion dollars last year are projected to reach 30 billion dollars by the year 2001.One study says that the worldwide Internet commerce activity will double, double in the next six month alone.And most of that is business to business transactions.We see the total market for Internet commerce hitting 200 billion dollars by the end of the century.And that is a conservative forecast.It is not just about buying and selling.About a year ago IBM coined the term E-business to describe all the ways that people will derive value from the Net.Transactions among employees within the business to prove how products are developed, how ideas are shared, how teams are formed, how work gets done.Transaction between a business and its suppliers, its distributors, its retailers, to increase cycle times, speed and efficiency.And the very important transactions and interactions between governments and citizens, educators and students, health-care providers and patients.It is a very exciting stuff.And the greatest changes and challenges are not in the technology.In fact, connecting to the Net is relatively easy.The big challenges are in the fundamental transformation of the way things get done in the world.That is because networks are great levelers.They dissolve barriers to entry the neutralized traditional assets like physical stores and branches.Networks dissolved the boundaries within and between companies, countries, continents and time-zones.It is not hyperbole to say that the network is quickly emerging as the largest, most dynamic, restless, sleepless marketplace of good services and ideas the world has ever seen.And naturally this comes with very profound applications.For one thing, they are all ready, time-honored processes that govern the way things work in the world, the way we buy and sell, the way we distribute things, the way we teach, and the way we interact with each other.That I will tell you that nearly every one of those conventions is being challenged by the network world.Let me cite a few examples drawing on what we and IBM have learned from helping thousands of customers in the last year come to the Net.New competitors can come out of nowhere, overnight, and not just from within your industry.One of the most contentious, fast moving, and bare knocle battles waged today is, believe it or not, in book selling.The leader in this online race is “amazon.com”.If you have not heard of them, do not feel bad.Three years ago, nobody heard of them.They did not exist.Their customers do not aware they exist physically, and they do not care.Amazon.com exists only in cyberspace.But with 2.5 million titles, it is nearly 15 times larger than the world's largest physical bookstore.It is open 24 hours a day, every day of the year.And they recently serve their one million of customer in Japan, one of 160 countries in which amazon ships books.Until recently they had the market to themselves.Now the traditional book sellers like Barns&Noble in the US, and medium firms like Burtlesman in Europe are jumping in.Can virtual companies like “amazon.com” battle against and beat these entrenched brands? Stay tuned.We do not know yet.The same kind of transformation is happening in retail banking, in car sales, in music entertainment, in insurance.And it is not just limited to the commercial world.Public sector institutions are being buffeted by the same powerful forces.In higher education, there is a university in Canada, Atherbasca University, that delivers 100 percent of its courses by what is called distant learning.No students on campus, no campus.All instruction is delivered online.And they have captured nearly 30 percent of all MBA students in Canada.Governments are using networks to transform every thing, from the way they buy goods and services, to the delivery of services to citizens.Singapore is putting 10 thousand suppliers online, reducing costs and increasing efficiency, and by the way is compared with the advantage in Asia.When the government of Verlancia in southern France, starts wiring entire villages, allowing citizens to conduct online transactions with local businesses, schedule a doctor's appointment, get information from their kids' school--you know something interesting is starting to happen.And believe me in America, when in certain stage you can register your car on the Internet and not have to go a way in line.I can assure you something important is happening.Trust me on this one.Now all of us must realize this is not a spectator's sport, when I was just sitting here watching “amazon.com”.Every institution and every entity must grab with this issue at the highest level as management.S&Base, Cacherdeck is one of the largest department stores in Europe.But they are making their first foreway into online sales.That is not an easy decision for an enterprise with huge investments and retail space, not to mention their economic model, their coop culture, rooted and traditional retail sales.Who made the decision for Cacherdeck to jump into online sales? I can assure you it was not their Web master.Increasingly, CEOs of companies, university presidents, government officials are stepping up to these issues.They are testing pilot sites, they are setting strategy, and they are answering questions like “How will this network world affect my organization?” “How are we threatened?” but more importantly, “How can I leverage this new medium for competitive advantage?” The toughest, most jocular decisions that need to be made are which browser or which server their core management and policy issues.This only escalates all these issues, only escalates as the network world marches on.We have already talked about the first milestone that is the Net connecting, say a billion people to perhaps a million E-businesses.The next milestone is what we and IBM call pervasive computing.Fifty years ago where did you find electric motors? Big factories, power plants, and they were big and expensive.Today you might find a hundred electric motors in the typical homecars, appliances, tools, doorknobs, clothes.Most significantly all of these tiny intelligent devices will be interwoven in the fabric of the computing and communications network.And what will this mean for consumers and enterprises? A quick example, think about driving down the autobahn.Your intelligent car develops an engine problem.But instead of flashing you a warning light, it sends a message directly to the manufacturer over a wireless connection to the Net.The manufacturer systems diagnose the problem, and they transmit a fix back to the electronic complex in your car.In fact, that electronic fix is transmitted to all models of that car anywhere in the world without having to notify the owners.And that is good for the driver, so also better for the car maker.Instant performance information captured and sent immediately into product development and manufacturing, continuous feedback loop, continuous improvement, resulting in better cars, good for the consumer and competitive advantage for the businesses to get there first.How can any company with tens of millions of vending machines scattered all around the world know at any point what is selling, what is not selling, how much of an item is left, or when to send a rood driver to empty the coin box.A little chip in each machine could check and report on all of those items with ease, and even better.Why could not that machine include a thermal stack that told it, it is freezing today, drop the price by 10 pfennigs.It is 35 degrees, raise the price by 15 pfennigs.Soon we will see this hyper standard network world made up of a trillion interconnected intersecting devices.And this will intersect with the data capability I spoke of early--pervasive computing meets deep computing.Companies and institutions will amass more data, more information than ever in history.And for the first time they will be able to do something productive with the turn raw data into knowledge and move that knowledge to the right people instantaneously.Personally I believe that future leadership companies and by the way future leadership institutions of all kinds will be those who know how to compete and win on the basis of knowledge--learning, adapting and improving the vital asset we know as information.Now I have covered a lot of ground here very quickly.I want to show you a brief video that illustrates some of these ideas that I have talked about.(VIDEO)

The brilliant computer technology, which has enabled this biggest explosion in the last 20 years, is that they are getting increasingly more powerful without getting more expensive.Make a chip run over one giga-hertz was someone like breaking the sound barrier on land.We really found that we can work at it.There is anything that you cannot build.And we have solved the problem and now we are continue to increase frequency for the next 10 years.Our ability to manipulate information and our ability to do video and multimedia are critically dependent upon having larger and larger storage devices.Recently we demonstrate a laboratory world recogdencive 11.6 billion bits per square inch for a hard disk drive.We want to be having a continued advance at storage capabilities when the physical limitations prevent us from extending current devices.That is why we are investigating using hologramed information, even manipulating individual items.In the information age, up till now, the oriental culture has a disadvantage, because of the difficulty in input.To do Chinese speech recognition, we need to improve recognition algorithm.Also we need fast computers.Now both conditions are there.I am painfully slow in typing.It takes so long to master the skill of typing Chinese.“我带来我公司的最新产品。请在明天上午召开联席会议讨论销售合作的问题。”

Only in the last few years have computers become powerful enough to do on-the-fly translation of languages.You will be able to go into the World Wide Web, go to any site, anywhere in the world, and whatever language that particular site is written, and quickly browse and understand that information in your native language.It is about the same amount of time it takes for you to receive the Web page over the network.We intersect in the server.We do the translation, and we present the new page back to you.International travel is growing at between 7 and 10 percent a year.And we see the pressure is on world control authorities, and the hastle on passengers continue into grow.We try to create fast...so it appears very much like an Automatic Teller Machine.A traveler we take a credit card and put it in the kiosk, place their hand on the biometric reader, and those two things in a real time are compared with information that has been stored in a database when they enroll, and then this is what is in it.How can I make computers more fun to use, easier to use, more like interacting with humans? We have given the computer the ability to see us, and sense where we are.And now we are trying to give it ability to understand what we are trying to say.In fact, all I need to do is to talk to it and move my hands.So for example, now I am moving this object around, just by moving my hand.“Leave it there.” The computer hears me and does what I ask.Some of the really hard problems are their power, a lot of computing power.That is the deep computing.What we have learned in Deep Blue is that not only you need fast computers, deep computing power, but you need to capture human experts knowledge, and express that in terms of algorithms.The more power you have, the smarter things you can do.And that is what is starting to happen now because the computers have enough processing power to solve some really interesting and difficult problems.With such a computer you can actually simulate the physical process of what happened in the physical world.I think we will tell our kids 10 years...now, "You may not believe it, but computers used to be things that set of big boxes on top of desks.And look at...As things get smaller, faster and smarter, we are about to forget about the computer inside devices, focus on the function of the device.Computers will be everywhere, performing everyday tasks for people.We will not think them as computers any more.(END OF VIDEO)

Now I started out this evening saying I hope to represent the voice of the customer.And as we project the benefit of this network world, the hundreds of millions of people may be even a billion.It is clear that the Information Technology industry has a lot of work to do.We have got to make this technology easier to use, and more natural.And that video you saw some of the things we and others are doing and working on ease of use today.We have got our rich agreement on standards, standards for communications, for security, for software development.And I am asking you as customers to keep the heat on this industry.The demand that we deliver open standards, everybody's software running on everybody's hardware over everybody's network.There is another set of issues that extend beyond the Information Technology industryit has to be global, agreements to these critical policy issues are going to take this issue of cooperation to a new level.We are going to have to have a global public policy.First, people must have inexpensive access to the telecommunication services they need to participate, meaning governments have to encourage competition, and end monopoly structures.And the news from Europe is very encouraging recently here.It is also clear that the discriminatory tax policies can stifle this very nascent, early forming economic engine.We have to insure that electronic business is taxed the same way as the physical business world, no more, no less.And the OECD has taken on this work, and we hardly support their efforts.We also support the move to keep the Internet a tariff free zone.This will be a big fight, but that is one we have to win together.Next, security.The domains of customers for strong encryption, and governments legitimate concerns about their ability to provide public safety and enforced laws do not have to be neutrally exclusive.IBM is working with the US government, with the European Union, and governments around the world to support an unrestricted market for encryption products that can inter-operate globally.We are not anywhere near for along on this we need to be, but I am confident we will get there.We have to get there, there is too much of stake.Finally, privacy.How can we continue to strike the balance, the right balance between respect for the individuals privacy and the benefits on the other hand of information flow in a connected world.The solution here must start with the private sector, not government.And a reinformation of a few proven principles by all businesses that consumers get fare notice about information that is used, that is theirs, and the opportunity control, and confirm its use.And a number of companies are moving in this direction.IBM has recently adopted a global privacy policy for managing information online and it is posted on all of our web sites around the world.With global agreement and cooperation and understanding, the Information Technology industry, government and our customers will go forward.I believe and insure that this global market place grows boldly, safely, and delivers on a real promise.That is important to every one.As we look ahead to the next millennium, I do not think there is any question any longer about the profound power of this technology.In an incredibly short span of time, it is developed to the point where it can, we can talk about it in the same context as any of the other great technologies had transformed our world.We are watching, we are participating in the emergence of something much bigger than the new computing model, much different than just a new channel for human interaction.Information Technology, and specifically network technology, represents the most powerful tool we have ever had for change.It is a new engine for economic growth, a new medium that will redefine the nature of relationships among governments and institutions and businesses of all kinds, and the people they serve now, and they might serve tomorrow.This powerful tool is here for all of us today.Each of us will have to decide how will it exploited, and how soon.But in any case, the nations, the government agencies, the public sector and commercial institutions, that do theirs most effectively will create enormous competitive advantage into the 21 century.Thank you very much, and I hope you have the most successful CeBIT ever.

第二篇：关于全球变暖的演讲词

这是一副标志性地球图像，几十年前如果你向你的地理老师提问：“南美洲和非洲可以拼到一起吗?”你的地理老师肯定会说：“当然不行，这是我听过的最荒谬的问题。”那个老师代表了当时对这个问题的科学定义“陆地太庞大，很显然不会动。”事实上以我们现在的认识，它们的确移动过，而且有一段时间是拼在一起的。

这个假说反映了一个问题，引出了一个著名的真理：让我们陷入困境的不是无知，而是看似正确的谬误论断，这一真理有很重要的意义,因为在现今的大众中就充斥着关于全球变暖的谬论，比如：地球太大了，我们不会对地球的环境造成不可弥补的破坏，这样的说法是大错特错。

说它错了，是因为地球生态圈最脆弱的部分就是大气层，因为它太薄了，拿一个大号的表面涂了油漆的地球仪，那层油漆和地球仪的比例就是大气层和地球的比例，它是如此的薄以至于我们可以改变其组成成分，这就是全球变暖的基本科学依据，这个我无须赘言，各位已经很清楚了，大家也看过很多与全球变暖有关的数据，在现实世界中我们也可以找到印证。左边的是30多年前的赤道雪山乞力马扎罗山，而右边的是近照。

这是美国冰河国家公园，因全球变暖这里的冰川预计还有15年就会消失。这是哥伦比亚冰川逐年的变化，每一年它都在缩小

喜马拉雅山脉也面对着严峻的问题，这是1978年与2004年的对比 左边的是30年前的阿根廷（接下一张）和今日的景象。种种的现象，包含了一个重要的信息，这是全球性的变暖 我们都知道二氧化碳含量与温度是有联系的，其中一点十分明确：二氧化碳越多，气温越高，因为它会将更多来自太阳的热量困在地表，那让我们看看40万年以来地球的二氧化碳含量变化，请将这一点牢记在心中：二氧化碳含量从未超过300，这里是现在的二氧化碳含量，远超我们所能统计到的历史水平，看看这已经把自然的起伏抛得老远，不过各位请注意，在50年以内，真的，50年以内，曲线还会继续爬升，会超出这个表格，50年以内就会到这里，恐怕有人会说:”这又如何？看起来不错嘛。”我在重申一遍，在温度曲线上，如果最低端代表半米的积雪，上升到这么高会是怎样的景象？那些我们现在习以为常的东西，我们后代甚至没机会看到。所以说这不是一个政治问题而是道德问题，要是你我听之任之，就是极端不道德的行为。

丘吉尔曾说过继续拖延，折衷和自我安慰式的权宜之计的时代已接近尾声，取而代之的是我们将开始生活在其后果之中，过去几代人，几个世纪埋下的祸根已经给今天的我们留下恶果 海洋吸收大量二氧化碳导致酸化，导致珊瑚、浮游生物、钙化生物减少，最终导致生物多样性锐减

一些令人不安的传染病也传播得越来越广 一些疾病死灰复燃

现在物种灭绝的速度超过自然速度的1000倍以上

冰川和冰盖的消融以及海洋本身的热胀冷缩导致海平面上升，让我们看看温度升高2-4度后的伦敦，乘船出行似乎成了唯一的选择

在上海这座汇集大量人口的城市，经历2摄氏度的升温后还能看到绿地和道路，等到升温4摄氏度时，只有那些高楼大厦还矗立在水平面之上。4摄氏度的升温将直接导致1.45亿的中国人流离失所。想象一下成百上千的难民因为环境变化而迁移，再想象若变成上亿人，会有什么影响？

看到这有人会说：“就算承认这一问题的存在，我们也无能为力了。”很多人从拒绝承认径直走入绝望的阴影中却不知道停下脚步，着手解决问题，这是我最后想谈的，目前人类已知的能有效解决这一问题的方法，我们需要做大量的工作。

如果我们能使用更节能的家电，采用别的节能设备，拥有更多续航里程的汽车，还有更多别的交通工具节能，使用可再生能源，碳固存技术和其它的方法，这些都加起来，我们很快就可以降低排放水平。

每个人都在引起全球变暖，但我们可以选择改变这一现状，我们可以选择将我们个人二氧化碳排放降低到0，解药就在你我手中，我们只需要做出决定使其生效，这个问题最终落实到一点，我们，作为中国人，有没有能力完成这一伟大义举就算前方路途坎坷，我们有没有能力站起来立于人类历史之上，过去的一切证明我们有这个能力，我们获得了战争的胜利，建立了一个国家，港澳回归，神舟飞天，实现太空行走，举办了一届世界惊叹的奥运会，拥有了第一艘航母，九三阅兵，我们曾成功解决一大环境问题臭氧层空洞，这一曾被称为不可能解决的问题，因为它需要全世界联手解决，但我们成功了。只要我们齐心协力，我们就能解决这一问题。

这是NASA“朱诺”号航天器在前往木星的漫长旅途中向家乡张望时的照片，看见那个稍大的蓝色点了吗？那就是承载着数千年人类文明，以及数十亿年生命历程的地球，人类历史的一切都在这个小点上，所有的成功失败，所有的战争饥荒，这是我们唯一的家园，如今它面临危机危及到我们生存和人类文明的未来，我坚信这是一个道德问题，是时候解决着手它了，人类要站起来，保护我们的未来。

第三篇：全球60家顶级新材料实验室

全球60家顶级新材料实验室

引言实验室是科学的摇篮，是科学研究的基地，往往代表了世界前沿基础研究的最高水平，诞生了一大批诺贝尔奖获得者和具有划时代意义的科技创新成果。当前，美国、欧洲、日本等发达国家和地区都把发展新材料作为科技发展战略的重要组成部分，其中美国在新材料研究领域科研机构一共有210所科研机构，中国实验室共有128所，而欧日韩有123所。本文对美、欧（德、英、法、西班牙、芬兰、瑞典、挪威、荷兰等）、亚太（日、中、韩、新加坡）、俄罗斯等地的知名材料实验室进行了大梳理，以飨读者。

美国

美国在新材料研究领域科研机构一共有210所科研机构，主要有橡树岭国家实验室、阿贡国家实验室、埃姆斯实验室等17个科研实力全球名列前茅的国家实验室

1、橡树岭国家实验室

（Oak Ridge National Laboratory，简称ORNL）

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据理财周报材料科学实验室数据表明，橡树岭国家实验室的科研触角主要伸向纳米与生物材料、无机非金属材料以及新型金属材料三大类别。

橡树岭国家实验室(简称ORNL)是美国能源部所属最大的科学和能源研究实验室。

ORNL主要从事6个方面的研究，包括中子科学、能源、高性能计算、复杂生物系统、先进材料和国家安全。

2、阿贡国家实验室

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（ArgonneNational Laboratory，简称ANL）

在美国，阿贡国家实验室和橡树岭国家实验室同属于美国国家能源部，和橡树岭的地位不分伯仲。

阿贡国家实验室是美国最老和最大的科学与工程研究实验室之一。

3、美国航空航天局

（NASA）

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位于特拉华州的NASA主要涉足新型金属材料以及高性能复合材料。

今年9月，NASA选择了来自美国5个州的六家公司参与政府-行业合作，以推进复合材料的研究和认证，该项目是NASA航空研究任务理事会的集成系统研究计划的一部分。

4、布鲁克海文国家实验室

（BrookhavenNational Laboratory，简称BNL）

隶属美国能源部，由石溪大学和BATTELLE成立的公司布鲁克海文科学学会负责管理。

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开创了核技术、高能物理、化学和生命科学、纳米技术等多个领域的研究，取得多项令世界瞩目的重大成果，并数次获诺贝尔奖。BNL已成为世界著名的大型综合性科学研究基地。

5、加州大学伯克利分校的劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室（Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory，简称LBNL）

劳伦斯伯克利实验室是1939年诺贝尔物理学奖得主欧内斯特·奥兰多·劳伦斯先生于1931年建立的，是美国乃至世界核物理学的圣地。

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劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室现在研究的领域非常宽泛，下设18个研究所和研究中心，涵盖了高能物理、地球科学、环境科学、计算机科学、能源科学、材料科学等多个学科。

劳伦斯伯克利实验室建立以来，共培养了5位诺贝尔物理学奖得主和4位诺贝尔化学奖得主。

6、美国纽约州康乃尔大学物理系的基本粒子物理实验室（Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics，简称LEPP）

美国纽约州康乃尔大学(CornellUniversity)物理系的基本粒子物理实验室(LaboratoryforElementary-ParticlePhysics，简称LEPP)是世界上著名的加速器物理研究中心之一，它位于纽约州中部芬格湖畔(FingerLakes)风景优美的伊萨卡市(Ithaca)。

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LEPP主要从事实验物理和理论物理以及加速器物理的研究，拥有F.R.Newman以及R.R.Wilson两个实验室。

7、费米国家实验室（Fermilab）

费米国家实验室（Fermilab）原名为国家加速器实验室，根据美国总统林登 B.约翰逊1967年11月21日签署的法案，由美国原子能委员会负责管理。为纪念费米该实验室于1974年5月11日重新命名为费米国家实验室。

1969年10月3日主环为200 GeV的质子加速器破土动工。1972年3月1日第一个能量为200 GeV的束流通过主环，使费米实验室产生了世界上最高能量的粒子。后来费米实验室又开始建造的质子—反质子对撞机Tevatron，其低温冷却系统在1983年投入运行时为加速器历

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史上历来建造的最大的低温系统。后续Tevatron能量倍增器先后第一次产生了能量为512 GeV，800 GeV，900 GeV的束流。

8、贝尔实验室（BellLaboratories）

贝尔实验室原名贝尔电话实验室，始建于1925年，总部在美国纽约（后迁至新泽西州的墨里黑尔）。它是一个在全球享有极高声誉的研究开发机构，主要宗旨是进行通讯科学的研究。

除了无线电电子学以外，贝尔实验室在固体物理学、天体物理学、量子物理学和核物理学等方面都有很高水平。贝尔实验室自成立以来，8 / 46

共获专利26000多项（平均每天一项），其中重大科研成果50多项。在这里每年都要发表上千篇学术论文，造就了一大批优秀科学家。

几十年来获得诺贝尔物理奖的先后有：发明电子衍射的戴维森，发明晶体管的肖克利、巴丁和布拉坦，发明激光器的汤斯和肖洛，理论物理学家安德逊，射电天文学家彭齐亚斯和威尔逊。

9、IBM研究实验室（IBM Research）

IBM研究实验室也叫IBM研究部，它专门从事基础科学研究，并探索与产品有关的技术，其特点是将这两者结合在一起。

研究部下属四个研究中心：位于美国纽约的Thomas J.Watson研究中心；位于美国加州的Almaden研究中心；瑞士Zurich研究中心；日本东京研究中心。

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IBM研究中心史上诞生了两届诺贝尔物理奖得主：一是发明扫描隧道显微镜的宾尼格（G.K.Ginnig）与罗勒尔（H.Rohrer），二是发现金属氧化物的高温超导电性的柏诺兹（J.G.Bednorz）和缪勒（K.A.Müller）。

10、美国标准与技术研究院

（NIST）

属于美国商务部的非监管机构。NIST总部位于马里兰州的盖瑟斯堡，约有350个附属研究中心。目前，NIST共有6个实验室，分别为工程实验室、信息科技实验室、材料测量实验室、物理测量实验室、纳米科技中心、NIST中子研究中心。

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11、艾米斯实验室（AmesLaboratory）

实验室进行研究纳入国家关注的各个领域，包括合成新材料的研究，能源资源，高速电脑设计和环境清理和恢复。材料方向的研究内容有新机械、磁性和超导方面稀土元素的实验和理论研究。

12、劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室

（LLNL）

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劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家实验室（LLNL）主要开展火炸药、火工品与药剂及其它高新技术含能材料的研究工作，随着实验室在国防科学技术领域地位的不断巩固与上升，除了从事军事领域的科学研究外，实验室还开展能源与环境、生物科学与生物技术以及基础应用研究，并致力与众多学会社团建立广泛的合作伙伴关系。

材料方向的研究内容有金属与合金、陶瓷、激光材料、合金超塑性等。

13、西北太平洋国家实验室

(PNNL)

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西北太平洋国家实验室(PNNL)于20世纪80年代末开始从事整个基础科学研究，优势研究领域包括能源、环境、计算机、核能、放射化学等，特别是基础分子科学和计算机科学。材料方向的研究内容有金属和合金应力腐蚀裂纹、陶瓷材料高温腐蚀疲劳、陶瓷材料辐射效应。

14、洛斯拉莫斯国家实验室

（LosAlamos National Laboratory，LANL）

洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室是世界上最大的科学和技术研究机构之一，它在国家安全、太空探索、可再生能源、医药、纳米技术和超级计算机等多个学科领域开展研究。材料方向的研究内容有电子材料、微结构发展理论、使表面硬度、抗腐蚀性和耐磨性提高的等离子体浸没离子注入技术。

15、桑迪亚国家实验室（SandiaNational Laboratories）

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主要从事核武器系统中非核部分的研究开发，如设计电气系统保险、解除保险、引爆、发射系统等；并从事材料、组件及仪器技术的研究和长期开发工作，以提高核武器的效力、安全性、耐受性和可靠性等性能；并承担能源开发与改进方面的工作。

材料方向的研究内容有陶瓷涂料溶胶-凝胶化学、纳米晶材料发展以及金属、玻璃和陶瓷材料表面的胶粘合润湿。

16、美国加州纳米研究中心

（CNSI）

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美国加州纳米技术研究院（CNSI）是加州大学洛杉矶分校和位置的综合研究机构，材料方向主要研究内容有纳米科学和纳米技术发现的迅速商业化研究。CNSI开展的工作代表了纳米系统相关的研究四个目标领域包括能源，环境，健康，医学，信息技术。

17、美国制造

(原国家增材制造创新机构（NAMII）)

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该机构旨在促进增材制造创新机构更好的引领和统一整个增材制造领域的发展。材料方向主要研究内容有新型金属材料，增材/3D打印材料、开发梯度及可定制材料。

欧盟

作为世界经济发展、科技、教育等各领域水平最高的大洲之一，世界绝大部分发达国家都位于欧洲。而在材料科学研究领域，西欧的英国、中欧的德国和瑞士处于世界级第一梯队, 根据西方最近综合评定，剑桥、牛津和帝国理工学院是英国高校中三大最强材料系，同样也属于世界级研究所, 地处欧洲大陆中央的德国，在材料科学研究中也是执一方牛耳。在这里有顶尖的研究所像德国马普学会、佛朗霍夫协会、海姆霍茨大研究中心联合会、莱布尼茨研究联合会。另外法国，瑞典，意大利等在材料科学领域均有杰出成就，而德国朗盛集团、西门子、英国罗罗公司、空中客车公司、德国莱茵金属公司、大众汽车集团等一系列欧洲企业也自有实验室，在材料技术研究及工业应用上多有投入，这也让其产品因优良性能享誉全球。德国

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欧洲作为工业重点，金属材料的基础研究一直走在产业发展的前面，多个欧洲国家都在本国最著名的研究机构设立专门的金属材料研究中心。

1、马克斯·普朗克科学促进学会

（International Max Planck Research School)

马克斯·普朗克学会，全名为马克斯·普朗克科学促进协会（Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V.，简称MPG），前身是1911年成立的威廉皇家学会。马普协会主要从事自然科学和人文科学的基础研究，分别设:生物医学部，化学、物理、技术学部和人文科学学部等机构，拥有80个研究所。其中德国马普钢铁研究所是世界知名的钢铁、材料及腐蚀科学研究机构。

2、弗劳恩霍夫协会

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（Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft）

弗劳恩霍夫协会是德国弗劳恩霍夫应用研究促进协会的简称。它成立于1949年3月，是德国也是欧洲最大的应用科学研究机构，属于德国校外三大研究组织之一（与德国科学基金会和马克斯—普朗克学会并列）。其目标是通过为来自工业、服务业和公共管理领域的客户提供公共及私人企业特定用途的应用性研究，以其有效的研发服务帮助德国和欧洲的产业通过创新保持竞争力。弗劳恩霍夫协会的研究所侧重于应用技术研究，其研究成果非常受工商界的重视。弗劳恩霍夫协会在近几年已经改变其发展战略，以需求驱动技术发展。

3、亥姆霍兹联合会（Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft）

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全称“德国亥姆霍兹国家研究中心联合会”（Helmholtz-GemeinschaftDeutscher Forschungszentren）是德国最大的科学研究机构，由17个各自独立的自然科学、工程学、生物学和医学研究中心组成，员工总数有约31,000人，年经费超过30亿欧元。该机构着眼于德国中长期国家科技任务，在能源、地球与环境、生命科学、关键技术、物质结构以及航空航天与交通6大领域从事以未来应用为目的的前瞻性研究

4、莱布尼茨研究联合会（Leibniz-Gemeinschaft）

一家德国各专业方向研究机构的联合会，学会成员包括84家大学外的研究机构（2013年），总部位于德国首都柏林。研究领域涵盖自然科学、工程科学、环境科学、经济科学、社会科学、地球科学和人文科学，基础科学研究与应用相结合，与高等院校、工业界及其它国内外研究机构合作紧密。

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5、联邦德国航空航天研究试验院

（Deutsche Forschungs-und Versuchsanstalt fr Luft-und

Raumfahrt）

总部设在科隆，建于1969年，属于德国政府研技部。DLR下设科隆的材料研究所、斯图加特的设计研究所以及结构研究所，研究领域包括金属材料、陶瓷材料以及各类复合材料等。英国

1、曼彻斯特材料科学研究中心

（Manchester Materials Science Center）

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它是由曼彻斯特大学冶金系和曼彻斯特科技大学材料与高分子科学系共同组建的，是全英材料科学研究规模最大中心之一。曼彻斯特材料科学研究中心的主要研究项目包括金属与合金，在欧洲乃至全球材料科学的研究方面占有重要位置。

2、英国国家物理实验室

（NPL，National Physical Laboratory）

创建于1900年，坐落在英国伦敦特丁顿的Bushy Park，它是英国国家测量基准研究中心，也是英国最大的应用物理研究组织。1981年分6个部：即电气科学、材料应用、力学与光学计量、数值分析与计算机科学、量子计量、辐射科学与声学。英国国家物理实验室共有科技人员约1000人，1969年最高达1800人。

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先进材料事业部（Advanced MaterialsThe Materials Division，NPL）

主要研究领域：

1、多功能材料，纳米材料，燃料电池，电子互连，有机电子，有机太阳能电池和催化

2、航空航天和风力涡轮机的复合材料

3、涂料及表面工程材料

4、应用于电力工程，石油、天然气开采以及日益恶劣的环境中材料的寿命预测

3、帝国理工学院

（Imperial College London）

在复合材料研究领域，帝国理工学院是首屈一指的，甚至在全世界也是声名赫赫。根据《泰晤士报》的大学排名，帝国理工学院在全英综合排名第三，世界排名也稳居前十位。该校复合材料中心成立于1983年，下设航空航天学院，学院共有八个部门：航空、化工、化学、土木工程、机械工程、材料、数学和物理。

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4、英国国家复合材料中心

（NCC）

成立于2011年的英国国家复合材料中心是英国高值弹射中心的七项研究与技术设施之一，旨在为英国航空和汽车等产业开发复合高级材料。历经三年发展，英国商业、创新与技能部通过英国创新署和高值弹射中心投入资金2800万英镑对该中心进行增扩。新增设施包括欧洲最大的开放式复合材料高速制造机等。

NCC由英国布里斯托尔大学拥有并托管，由大学、韦斯特兰公司、空中客车公司、罗尔斯罗伊斯公司、吉凯恩、Umeco和维斯塔斯组成的督导委员会进行经营，从事大规模的复合材料研发和生产。法国

1、法国国家科研中心工程与系统研究所

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（Institute for Engineering and Systems Sciences，INSIS）

法国国家科研中心成立于1939年，是法国最大的科学技术研究机构，也是欧洲最大的基础研究机构之一，目前隶属于法国国民教育、研究与技术部。法国国家科研中心的主要任务是从事自然科学、人文科学和社会科学等各个领域的基础研究和应用研究，此外还承担如下任务：科研成果推广和人才培养，跟踪和分析国内外科技形势及发展动向，参与政府的科技政策和科研计划的制订工作，为全国科技界提供大型科研设备。

工程与系统研究所是其下属研究机构。该所的目标是针对知识生产和人类需求制定科学方法，开发出更安全，更智能更高效更环保的系统。因此强调跨学科研究领域的增加,促进所内各研究部门的协调合作以及与外界其他学术研究机构开展各类合作。

2、法国国家科研中心化学研究所

（Le Centre national de la recherche scientifique，Institut

de chimie，CNRS, INC）

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化学研究所是其下属研究机构。该研究所的使命是研究并发展新的化合物，了解其化学反应,并在原子水平上研究、阐明、预测化合物的结构和性质。

其他

1、芬兰国家技术研究中心

(VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland，VTT)

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该研究所是北欧地区最大的综合研究机构，主要研究方向包括数字信息系统、能源和纸业、建筑业和通讯业等。VTT建立于1942年，作为该国创新体系的重要组成部分，该所的职责是以新技术的形式，帮助芬兰的高科技公司解决在发展过程中遇到的问题。

主要材料相关研究领域：

1、应用材料（功能性纤维产品、新材料、新兴能源技术材料、发电站材料和设备如燃料电池和氢燃料技术）、智能印刷）

2、生物和化学过程（与健康有关的生物技术、信息技术，如生物信号和医学图像处理、分子诊断和免疫技术、生物处理的可再生天然材料等）

3、能源（可再生能源、生物能源、风能、燃料电池、核能和核废料处理、交通运输能源效率、替代燃料、电动汽车尾气排放控制技术等）

2、挪威科技工业研究院

（SINTEF）

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挪威科技工业研究院（SINTEF）成立于1950年，是斯堪的纳维亚最大的独立研究机构。宗旨是通过运用知识、研究和创新创造价值，致力于创造更多的新公司以及工作岗位。价值观为忠诚、慷慨、勇敢、团结。

主要材料相关研究领域：

1、能源研究（主要集中于电力生产以及能源转换，传输，分配和使用，此外还涉及生物能源，天然气技术，制冷工程技术等）

2、材料与化学（应用力学和腐蚀、生物技术、能源转换与材料、海洋环保技术、冶金、过程化学、工艺技术、合成与性能）

3、荷兰应用科学研究组织

（The Netherlands Organization For Applied Scientific

Research，TNO）

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1930 年荷兰国会通过了TNO 议案以此来规范荷兰的应用科学研究活动1932 年依法成立了TNO 修订更新后的TNO 议案于1986 年5 月开始生效TNO 作为一个合同研究组织在作为知识源泉的基础研究和可商业化知识的实际应用的创新过程中起桥梁作用。

主要研究领域：产业创新（高技术设备和材料、大面积电子印刷、高科技半导体、海洋系统/海洋微生物腐蚀、生物基材料、化学工艺工程强化）

4、巴塞罗那材料科学研究所

(Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona,ICMAB)

所在地：西班牙

主要研究领域：

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1、信息科学和电子材料（磁性纳米材料和新型功能氧化物、半导体和电子，光电和磁功能高分子材料）

2、能源与环境材料（超导材料和电力应用、化学和电化学产生的能量收集，储存，燃料的使用，传感和催化材料）

3、用于药物传递、治疗、诊断和传感的生物材料（包括对外界刺激敏感或有反应的生物相容性智能材料、微/纳米颗粒材料的制备、纳米生物传感器）

4、材料科学和纳米技术（纳米材料和属性的理论，模拟和建模、自下而上的策略组装和功能分子和/或无机（纳米）材料的制备、先进材料的散射和显微镜方法）

5、伊比利亚固际纳米技术实验室

（The International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory）

所在地：西班牙

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2010年正式开始科研活动，是欧洲第一家也是唯一一家专门研究纳米以及纳米技术的国际研究组织，由葡萄牙和西班牙两个国家共同成立国际伊比利亚纳米技术实验室的INL是创建一个政府间组织，以推动在纳米技术和纳米科学的跨学科研究。目标是成为欧洲的科学领域的一个重要组成部分。

6、SP瑞典国家技术研究所

（SPTechnical Research Institute of Sweden）

瑞典SP技术研究院的功能与构架很容易使我们联想到国内所倡导的构建“产、学、研”相结合的基地的指导思想，研究院吸纳了大量来自高等院校的能源等相关领域的教授、博士、硕士生从事兼职（半日制）的技术开发，使该研究院定位在科研－市场（包括业务部门）的成果转化的“桥梁”作用。这种运行机制加速了科研成果向市场的转化，使科研成果体现出自身巨大的社会经济价值，并可以在转化应用

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过程中找到新市场、新需求，新的生长点、支撑点，同时也推进了科研与技术的发展。

7、瑞典金属研究所

成立于1921年，是瑞典历史最悠久的工业研究所。该研究所在新材料工艺设计和机械结构性能研究方面拥有独特优势，与全球钢铁、金属、电力等行业企业有着广泛的合作。并且早在2005年就与宝钢进行合作研究。荷兰也有类似的金属研究所。

亚太

近年来，全球新材料需求的增长向亚洲转移，众多应用领域对性能卓越的材料需求越来越大。

日本是新材料生产的主要国家，日本政府高度重视新材料技术的发展，把开发新材料列为国家高新技术的第二大目标。韩国新材料科技发展战略目标是继美国、日本、德国之后，成为世界产业第4强国，并在2025年构想中列出了为建立产业竞争力开发必须的材料技术清单。

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中国紧跟发达国家的步伐，先后出台了“新材料产业十二五发展规划”，“关键材料升级换代工程实施方案”，推动中国制造2025的战略目标。“工业4.0”提升为国家战略以及新材料“十三五”规划渐行渐近，新材料发展将明显提速。材料科学的发展离不开科研工作者们孜孜不倦的追求，更离不开材料实验室无数个日日夜夜的努力，下面小编带领大家走进材料知名实验室吧。日本

1.国立材料研究所

（NIMS）

简介:国立材料研究所是日本最大的研究所之一。1966年，国立无机材料研究所（NIRIM）在日本东京丰岛成立。1972年搬迁至筑波，作为早期筑波学园都市的一部分。这次搬迁被视为日本第一次研究所转移。2001年,NRIM和NIRIM合并成立国立材料研究所（NIMS）。

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主要材料研究内容：主要进行材料的合成，表征和应用的研究，包括金属，半导体，超导体，陶瓷，有机材料，和纳米材料等等，涵盖了电子，光学，涂料，燃料电池，催化剂，生物技术等范围的应用，同时发展了电子显微镜，高能离子束，强磁场等技术。

2.日本国家高级产业科学技术研究院

（AIST）

简介：日本产业技术综合研究所（The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology，简称“AIST”）成立于1882年，是日本最大的国立研发机构之一，承担着生命科学、通信、电子技术、纳米科技、制造等产业技术及创新所需关键技术的重要科研任务，对日本的经济发展起到了重要的推动作用。

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主要材料研究内容：电子信息材料，纳米技术材料，能源材料等。

3.日本精细陶瓷研究中心

（JFCC）

简介：日本精细陶瓷研究中心成立于1985年，作为日本通商产业省（现经济产业省）的一部分，主要从事各种材料包括精细陶瓷的研究测试及评估。

主要材料研究内容：精密陶瓷，结构材料，功能材料，纳米材料等。

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4.日本科学技术振兴机构

（JapanScience and TechnologyAgency）

简介：日本科学技术振兴机构（Japan Science and TechnologyAgency，简称“JST”）是根据《独立行政法人科学技术振兴机构法》而成立的独立行政法人单位，隶属于日本文部科学省。前身是日本科学技术振兴事业团。作为实施《日本科学技术基本计划》的核心机构，JST担负着日本实现“科学技术创新立国”的重任。

主要材料研究内容：纳米材料

5.日本东北大学金属材料研究所

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简介：始建于1916年４月。当时称为东北帝国理科大学临时理化研究所第二部，它是日本的大学附属研究所中历史最长的一个。1919年，该研究所成为东北帝国大学附属研究所，并改称金属材料研究所。

主要材料研究内容：不限于钢铁，包括多种无机化合物材料磁性材料、铝合金、碳化硅和石墨的复合纤维以及非晶态合金。

6.日本纤维高分子材料研究所

日本通商产业省工业技术院直属的国立科研机构，创建于1918年，位于茨城县筑波郡，有科研人员107人。初称绢丝试验所，设在横滨市。1937年改为纤维工业验所，开始从事人造纤维的研究，1948年隶属于国立业技术院。

主要材料研究内容：合成纤维、人造纤维、天然纤维。韩国

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1、韩国科学技术研究院

（KIST）

简介：始建于1966年，从成立之日起，KIST就一直是带领韩国科学技术复兴和发展的领导性机构之一，在韩国科技发展中发挥主导作用，特别是在能源，环境，卫生，安全，材料等领域，通过融合技术、与大学和工业界分享有价值的研究成果来加强国家在科学技术方面的力量。该研究院除有6个研究部门还有兴奋剂控制中心和先进分析中心。

主要材料研究内容：材料多学科融合（材料纳米结构、光电转换系统、仿真建模）、纳米技术、生物技术等

2、韩国材料研究所

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（KIMS）

简介：2007年成为KIMM（韩国机械和材料研究院）的下属研究所，职责为全面促进研发，测试和评估，并提供有关材料技术的技术支持，以促进技术创新和工业发展。它的愿景是在2015年成为成为一个全面发展的研究机构，2020年成为全球材料领域的领导者。

主要材料研究内容：有色金属合金、高温材料、轻材料、特殊合金、粉末技术、功能纳米粉末、工程陶瓷、功能陶瓷、电化学、复合材料、功能涂料等。

3、韩国机械和材料研究院

（KIMM）

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简介：成立于1976年，通过发展新技术、扩散研究成果并进行可靠性评估和测试来促进韩国发展并成为新技术产业化的基地。主要 主要材料研究内容：先进制造系统、极端机械工程、纳米收敛机电系统、环境和能源系统研究等。

4、韩国NOAH高分子材料研究所

简介：研究所所在热转印领域开发实力十分雄厚，其技术成果和产品在欧美等地区都有销售，一直是烫金行业高端技术的合作伙伴，和德国KURZ、美国皇冠等均有合作关系，被韩国知识经济部评为韩国第五大知识经济输出机构。新加坡

1、新加坡科技研究局

（A*STAR）

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简介：A*STAR是新加坡贸工部下属的自治研究机构。她的前身，新加坡科学技术局成立于1991年。目标是打造世界一流的科学研究和人才，为新加坡知识经济服务。

主要材料研究内容：负责新技术的研发推广，以及技术更新。包括前端先进科技，涉足电子，半导体，通讯，生物等等领域，2.新加坡材料工程研究所

（IMRE）

简介：该研究所是新加坡A*STAR下属的一个研究所，其使命是创造材料知识，发展人才资本，并通过创新研究改进技术。它的愿景是成为一个领先的致力于推动新加坡进步的材料科学和工程的研究所，一个人才选择的组织。

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主要材料研究内容：材料分析与表征、应用材料设计、具有可扩展性的图案和制造技术、固态照明、纳米复合材料、有机光伏。

3.新加坡制造技术研究所

(SIMTech)

简介：该研究所是新加坡A*STAR下属的一个研究所，其使命是开发高附加值的制造技术和人力资本，以加强新加坡制造业的竞争力。通过生产、应用和商业化先进制造科学和技术来创造智力资本，通过提供开展面向工业的应用驱动研究的机会来培养研究型科学家和工程师，通过与工业界开展合作项目、分享专业技术研究和基础设施来增进新加坡产业资本。

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主要材料研究内容：电子，半导体，精密机械，航空航天，汽车，船舶，医疗科技等领域 中国

1.中科院金属所

简介：中科院金属所主要的六大科研机构全面覆盖新型金属材料，包括沈阳材料科学国家(联合)实验室、金属腐蚀与防护国家重点实验室、沈阳先进材料研究发展中心、材料环境腐蚀研究中心、国家金属腐蚀控制工程技术研究中心、高性能均质合金国家工程研究中心。

2.中科院化学所

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简介：中科院化学研究所主要学科方向为高分子科学、物理化学、有机化学、分析化学，在分子与纳米科学前沿、有机高分子材料、化学生物学、能源与绿色化学领域都有研究。

3.中科院长春应用化学研究所

简介：中科院长春应化所的科研机构设置构造也可以看出，它的学科方向主要集中在高分子化学与物理、无机化学、分析化学、有机化学和物理化学。长春应化所最值得关注的科研项目是交流LED项目，现已实现产业化。

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俄罗斯

俄罗斯新材料的研发方向可分为结构材料和功能材料两个方面。新材料研发的专业机构和企业近百家，涉及领域包括高分子材料、复合材料、金属材料、陶瓷材料、高纯度材料、生物材料、超导材料、纳米材料等。

1、俄罗斯中央黑色冶金研究院

俄罗斯中央黑色冶金研究院是根据国家国防委员会的命令于1944年成立的。经过70多年 的努力，研究院已成为一个强大的综合研究实体，其科研成果在很大程度上决定了当今冶金技术领域的面貌。研究院现有博士45名、副博士300多名，可有效解 决冶金各基础学科发展中最重要的问题。研究人员共获得2500多项发明，出售了60个许可证，有100多名科学家荣获列宁奖和国家科技奖励。Uglov Vladimir在致辞中对两家单位的合作给予充分肯定。

2、俄罗斯科学院

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俄罗斯科学院于1724年在圣彼得堡成立，是俄罗斯联邦的最高学术机构，是主导全国自然科学和社会科学基础研究的中心，俄罗斯科学院历史悠久规模庞大研究实力雄厚，长期以来在自然科学技术科学社会科学和人文科学的基础研究中取得了众多世界一流的成果

3、全俄航空材料研究所

航空材料研究院是俄罗斯的国家级科研机构，主要科研活动包括：航空航天材料和基础原料的研究；新材料的探索研究、基础研究和新材料测试，以及航空发动机、飞机、飞艇和航空仪表生产工艺研究；航空航天材料在飞机及其发动机、航天器和运载工具上的应用研究；制定航空航天材料标准。

4、国家航空技术研究所

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俄罗斯国家航空技术研究所（NIAT）的前身为成立于1920年的前苏联国家劳动力资源研究所，是全世界第一个为提高劳动生产率而专业门成立的研究所，从事生产组织改进，员工培训和制造业装备设计，研究所的附属工厂专用生产装备。它从1930年开始全力专注于航空工业，于1944年正式更名为航空技术研究所（简称NIAT）。

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第四篇：2008年IBM全球CEO调查报告

未来的企业有何特征？为了回答这个问题，我们对全球超过1000位CEO进行了访谈。我们将这些对话与IBM的统计数据和财务分析整合起来，向您展示有关企业未来的独特观点。

CEO们力争迅速调整自己企业的市场定位，以便能抓住所看到的发展机遇。通过与他们探讨计划和挑战，我们得出以下几条值得关注的结论：

大多数企业都受到变革冲击，许多企业为跟上变革而不断努力。80%的CEO都认为巨大的变革正在迫近，然而预期的变革与掌控变革的能力之间存在巨大的差距，这道鸿沟较2006年的上一次“全球CEO调查”扩大了近三倍。

客户的要求越来越高，但CEO们并不认为这是威胁，而是能够使企业独具特色的契机。CEO需要花费更多的精力来吸引并留住日益富足、见多识广而且具有很强社群意识的客户。

几乎所有的CEO都在调整企业的业务模式-2/3的CEO正在实施大规模的创新。超过40%的CEO正在改变企业运营模式，以提高其协作性。

许多CEO都在积极推动全球业务设计，深化改革业务能力并开展更广泛的合作。CEO们已不再局限于全球化的概念，各种规模的企业都在进行重新配置。

以便能抓住全球整合的商机。财务业绩出众的企业的举措更为大刀阔斧。这些企业提前实施了更多变革，而且掌控变革的能力也更强。这些企业的业务设计更为全球化，合作更为广泛，业务模式创新的形式也更为彻底。

www.xiexiebang.com【xiexiebang.com范文网】

第五篇：《全球顶级CEO的演讲》--Informix-English--【汉魅Huntmine—学习资料、课程讲座分享】

IWUC 1998, The New Informix By Bob Finocchio President, CEO and Chairman

Ladies and Gentleman，Good morning!

I feel greatly honoured to have this opportunity here today to introduce a new panorama of Informix to you.I'd like to thank you again for your attendance.Now I would like to introduce the agenda for my speech.This speech will include three parts, namely, an introduction of the current state of the company, our products and goal for future development as well as some significant announcements in relation to future schedule.As everyone knows, Informix has got rid of difficulties, and we are pleased to see that the company has been making profit.Let's first look at the state of the company.I'd like to give you a brief understanding of our company from the three aspects:

* Financial

Over the past few years, we have achieved great success in relation to our financial position.Various policies were adopted which enabled us to make great profit.These included:

* Restatement and restructuring * Conservative revenue recognition * Significant cost reduction without mortgaging the future * Sufficient liquidity

The above can be clearly illustrated by the following two diagrams:

Diagram 1: From diagram 1 we can clearly see that for the year 1997, the revenue of the company was on the increase and the net income had achieved its surplus in Quarter 4 of 1997 comparatively speaking with the past three quarters of that year.Diagram 2: Diagram 2 is a comparison between quarter 1 of 1998 and 1997.From the diagram we can see that the revenue for the 1st quarter of 1998 of the company is higher than that of 1997.In addition, the net income for quarter 1 of 1998 had reached a balance while that for 1997 was only a negative.* People

We had reinforced the managerial level of the company which brought about a new outlook in the past few years.Some recruitment was made to the various bases of the company throughout the world.Our new players are:

CFO

Jean-Yves Dexmier VP North America

Wes Raffel General Counsel

Gary Lloyd CIO

Tama Olver VP Europe, Middle East, Africa

Accepted, TBA

All made great contribution to the great progress of our company.Of course, some of our experienced personnel were retained by the company:

CTO

Mike Stonebraker VP Asia Pacific

Bill James

Thanks to their efforts that brought us to the way to the success.I'm proud of them.* Controls and processes

Adjustment to the control systems of the company was made with a view to standardizing the operation of the company and improving the working efficiency as well as giving further supervision strength.Some specific methods are as follows:

* Having new reporting relationships and organizations to reduce the cost and improve the efficiency * Appointed KPMG as independent auditors * Outsourced internal audit to Arthur Andersen & Company * Significant systems work underway.A new Informix appears, still we have more work to do…

In light of correct policy of New Informix and methods adopted, Informix had turned on a new look, which are reflected by the following four aspects and we are still looking for a greater prospect of New Informix:

Under the New Informix program，* We deployed 3500+ energized and committed people, including:

~1000 in development ~2000 in the field ~124 offices worldwide Our R&D power were strengthened, products quality got improved, and the market share is increasing greatly.Our products sales worldwide.* We continue keep the database technology leader position on our way to greater success * And continue focus on and winning in the growing segments of the database market * One more exciting news is that our financial foundation restored

Next, I'd like to focus on our products and goal for future development.The world we are facing today is an information world and one of the main challenge for enterprise IT is Information Explosion.DBMSs must evolve from four aspects, they must have more and more users, more and more data, multiple distributed locations and new types of data.Then why more and more customers choose Informix to keep a competitive edge in the field? The reason lies in Informix's:

1.Superior Technology: We provide our customer more CHOICES

Our leading Technology is widely recognized for its scalability, extensibility and manageability;Open integration with leading tools and middleware Products on UNIX, NT & Linux, we are the first in the world to support Linux.Our support of Linux brought a heat wave of developing products on Linux.2.Partnerships: brings our customer more FLEXIBILITY

New distribution channels developed New ISV/developer program Industry focused solutions

3.Customer Care: provide faster and more effective RESPONSIVENESS

We could give fast and effective responsiveness for we have New executive management team High value-added consulting practice Focus on training Best-in-class service offerings

In order to get a better understanding of the company, we must get to know what business we are in.In one word, database powered solutions are our business!This is an extensive concept, which means Informix is able to deliver comprehensive database products and technology.This is clearly shown in the following diagram.What's more, we should not forget some of the milestones Informix have made which contributed much to the information world.These are the recordings(7/97-Today): * Product line simplification(11/97)* Data Director for Web(12/97)* MetaCube 4.0(1/98)* Record 1TB TPC-D on Sun Enterprise Cluster(2/98)* Data Director for Visual Basic 3.0(2/98)* Universal Java Strategy(3/98)* Informix Dynamic Server 7.3(4/98)* Advanced Decision Support Option 8.21(4/98)* Record 300GB TPC-D on Sun(4/98)* Record Baan Benchmark on 64-bit HP(4/98)* Data Warehouse FastStart Program(4/98)* NT Developers Program(6/98)* Dynamic 4GL(6/98)* Extended Parallel Option 8.21(7/98)

Informix has its leading edge in the high-performance OLTP which are reflected by the following advantages:

* Informix Dynamic Server 7.3-RAS---Most tested, resilient server delivered to date!* Unprecedented reliability * Enterprise manageability for true 365(24 availability * Extend application investments Dynamic 4GL Open integration with leading tools

The advantages of this OLTP were further proved in 1998 from following aspects:

* Proven success in delivering high-performance OLTP solutions in 1998:

* Alaska Airlines: flight operation on NT * Chase Cardmember Services: credit card processing and customer service * Kroger: in-store systems and warehouse distribution center

Now let's turn to the other two significant contributions Informix has made, that is, delivering enterprise data warehousing/data mart solutions and enabling dynamic Web/ Content management solutions.As for delivering enterprise data warehousing / data mart solutions, the following has been provided:

* Informix Dynamic Server with Advanced Decision Support Option-It provides more FAST data access, and the capability of analysis and management * Unmatched optimized scalability from smallest data mart to multi-terabyte data warehouse, UNIX and NT * Best-in-class consulting expertise * Integrated web-delivered ROLAP analysis-Seamless Web analysis/server-based performance * Superior price/performance-Best TPC-D benchmarks in the business * Industry leading performance for successful data warehouse implementations in 1998: * Telecom Italia-call traffic analysis and marketing * Wegmans Foodcategory management and analysis

As for enabling dynamic Web / Content management solutions, the following achievements were made: * Bring the database discipline to the webNatively integrate Java components inside the database to manage dynamic content * Solving real business problems today: * The BBCuniversal data refinery * Samsung Electronicsweb-based advertising

Finally, I'd like to make some significant announcements.First of all, I'd like to say that Informix has the capacity to help you to reach a high performance developer environmentChairman, IIUG Linux Committee * Carlton DoePresident, IIUG * Marco Greco, Bert Barbe, and the rest of the IIUG

To learn more about Informix on Linux:

* Two track sessions: * Informix on Linux: Tools for the new enterprise * Informix SE on Linux * LINUX PAVILION: Caldera, S.u.S.E., Red Hat, and more…

1.Informix SE and ESQL/C on Linux:

* Informix scales the enterprises * Single-user database for development or deployment * Windows 95/98/NT * Same architecture and AP1 as Informix Dynamic Server * Small footprint

2.IDS-personal Edition:

* Speeds time-to-market for enterprise analytical applications * Automates transfer of OLTP data * Packaged solution

3.Informix Decision Frontier Solution Suite

Now that you've got a general idea on Informix, I believe it is the time for me to give a brief introduction to our goal of future development.In the future, Informix shall take continuous effort towards:

* Insanely fast OLTP * Awesome end-to-end decision support solutions * Absolute E-Commerce * Harmonious legacy system migration

Recalling the past, we are proud that we have achieved great success, we have superior technology, quality products, powerful sales channel and strong partnership with world leading corporations;looking further into the future, we have the confidence that we will keep the leading position with the four factors as technology, products, market and partners.Thank you very much!