村上春树2009年2月22日接受“耶路撒冷文学奖”时的演讲稿《永远在蛋这一边》

第一篇：村上春树2009年2月22日接受“耶路撒冷文学奖”时的演讲稿《永远在蛋这一边》

本文是村上春树2009年2月22日接受“耶路撒冷文学奖”时的演讲稿。译自以色列《Haaretz》报。

今天我作为一个小说家来到耶路撒冷，也就是说，作为一个职业撒谎者。

当然，并不只有小说家才撒谎。政治家也做这个，我们都知道。外交官和军人有时也说他们自己的那种谎，二手车销售员、肉贩和建筑商也是。但小说家的谎言与其他人的不同，因为没有人会批评小说家说谎不道德。甚至，他说的谎言越好、越大、制造谎言的方式越有独创性，他就越有可能受到公众和评论家的表扬。为什么会这样呢？

我的回答会是这样：即，通过讲述精巧的谎言——也就是说，通过编造看起来是真实的虚构故事——小说家能够把一种真实带到新的地方，赋予它新的见解。在多数情况下，要以原初的形态领会一个事实并准确描绘它，几乎是不可能的。因此我们把事实从它的藏身之处诱出，将之转移到虚构之地，用虚构的形式取而代之，以试图抓住它的尾巴。然而，为了完成这点，我们必须首先厘清在我们之中真实在哪儿。要编造优秀的谎言，这是一种重要的资质。

不过，今天我不打算撒谎。我会努力尽可能地诚实。一年里有几天我不说谎，今天碰巧就是其中之一。

所以让我告诉你们一个事实。很多人建议我不要来这儿领取耶路撒冷奖。有些人甚至警告我，如果我来，他们就会策划抵制我的书。

此中的原因，当然是肆虐于加沙地区的激烈战争。联合国报道，有超过一千多人在被封锁的加沙城内失去了生命，其中不少是手无寸铁的公民——孩子和老人。

收到获奖通知后，我多次问自己，是否要在像这样的时候到以色列来，接受一个文学奖是不是合适，这是否会造成一种印象，让人以为我支持冲突的某一方，以为我赞同某国决意释放其压倒性军事力量的政策。当然，我不愿予人这种印象。我不赞同任何战争，我不支持任何国家。当然，我也不想看见我的书遭到抵制。

然而最终，经过仔细考虑，我下定决心来到这里。我如此决定的原因之一是，有太多人建议我不要来。或许，就像许多其他小说家，对于人们要我做的事，我倾向于反其道而行之。如果人们告诉我——尤其当他们警告我——“别去那儿，”“别做那个，”我就倾向于想去那儿，想做那个。你们或许可以说，这是我作为小说家的天性。小说家是异类。他们不能真正相信任何他们没有亲眼看过、亲手接触过的东西。

而那就是我为什么在这儿。我宁愿来这儿，而非呆在远处。我宁愿亲眼来看，而非不去观看。我宁愿向你们演讲，而非什么都不说。

这并不是说我来这儿，是来传达政治讯息的。当然，做出是非判断是小说家最重要的职责之一。

然而，把这些判断传达给他人的方式，要留给每个作家来决定。我自己宁愿把它们转化为故事——趋向于超现实的故事。因此今天我不打算站在你们面前，传达直接的政治讯息。

但请你们允许我发表一条非常私人的讯息。这是我写小说时一直记在心里的东西。我从未郑重其事到把它写在纸上，贴到墙上：而宁愿，把它刻在我内心的墙上，它大约如此：

“在一堵坚硬的高墙和一只撞向它的蛋之间，我会永远站在蛋这一边。”

对，不管墙有多么正确，蛋有多么错，我都会站在蛋这一边。其他人会不得不决定，什么是对，什么是错；也许时间或历史会决定。如果有一个小说家，不管出于何种理由，所写的作品站在墙那边，那么这样的作品会有什么价值呢？

这个隐喻的涵义是什么？有些情况下，它实在太简单明白了。轰炸机、坦克、火箭和白磷炮弹是那坚硬的高墙。蛋是那些被碾碎、被烧焦、被射杀的手无寸铁的平民。这是该隐喻的涵义之一。可这不是全部。它有更深刻的涵义。这样来想。我们每个人，或多或少，都是一个蛋。我们每个人都是一个独特的、无法取代的灵魂，被包裹在一个脆弱的壳里。我是如此，你们每一个人也是。而我们每个人，多多少少都面对着一堵坚硬的高墙。这堵墙有个名字：它叫体制（The System）。体制应该保护我们，但有时，它不再受任何人所控，然后它开始杀害我们，及令我们杀害他人——无情地，高效地，系统地。

我写小说只有一个理由，那就是使个人灵魂的尊严显现，并用光芒照耀它。故事的用意是敲响警钟，使一道光线对准体制，以防止它使我们的灵魂陷于它的网络而贬低灵魂。我完全相信，小说家的任务是通过写作故事来不断试图厘清每个个体灵魂的独特性——生与死的故事，爱的故事，使人哭泣、使人害怕得发抖和捧腹大笑的故事。这就是为什么我们日复一日，以极其严肃的态度编造着虚构故事的原因。

我的父亲去年去世，享年九十。他是位退休教师，兼佛教僧人。读研究院时，他应征入伍，被派去中国打仗。我是战后出生的孩子，经常看见他每日早餐前，在家里的佛坛前长时间虔诚地祈祷。有一次，我问他为什么这样做，他告诉我他是在为那些在战争中死去的人们祈祷。

他说，他为所有死去的人祈祷，无论敌友。我凝视着他跪在祭坛前的背影，似乎感到死亡的阴影笼罩着他。

我的父亲死了，他带走了他的记忆，我永远不可能了解的记忆。但潜藏在他周围的死亡气息却留在了我自身的记忆里。这是少数几样我从他那儿承继下去的东西之一，其中最重要的之一。

今天我只希望向你们传达一件事。我们都是人类，都是超越国籍、种族、宗教的个体，都是脆弱的蛋，面对着一堵叫作“体制”的坚硬的墙。显然，我们没有获胜的希望。这堵墙太高，太强——也太冷。假如我们有任何赢的希望，那一定来自我们对于自身及他人灵魂绝对的独特性和不可替代性的信任，来自于我们灵魂聚集一处获得的温暖。

花点时间想一想这个吧。我们每个人都拥有一个真实的、活着的灵魂。体制没有这种东西。我们一定不能让体制来利用我们。我们一定不能让体制完全失去控制。体制没有造就我们，我们造就了体制。

那就是所有我要对你们说的话。

我很荣幸获得耶路撒冷奖。我很荣幸我的书正被世界上许多地方的人们阅读着。我也很高兴今天有这机会向你们演讲。

（完）

Always on the side of the egg

By Haruki Murakami I have come to Jerusalem today as a novelist, which is to say as a professional spinner of lies.Of course, novelists are not the only ones who tell lies.Politicians do it, too, as we all know.Diplomats and military men tell their own kinds of lies on occasion, as do used car salesmen, butchers and builders.The lies of novelists differ from others, however, in that no one criticizes the novelist as immoral for telling them.Indeed, the bigger and better his lies and the more ingeniously he creates them, the more he is likely to be praised by the public and the critics.Why should that be?

My answer would be this: Namely, that by telling skillful liesthe novelist can bring a truth out to a new location and shine a new light on it.In most cases, it is virtually impossible to grasp a truth in its original form and depict it accurately.This is why we try to grab its tail by luring the truth from its hiding place, transferring it to a fictional location, and replacing it with a fictional form.In order to accomplish this, however, we first have to clarify where the truth lies within us.This is an important qualification for making up good lies.Today, however, I have no intention of lying.I will try to be as honest as I can.There are a few days in the year when I do not engage in telling lies, and today happens to be one of them.So let me tell you the truth.A fair number of people advised me not to come here to accept the Jerusalem Prize.Some even warned me they would instigate a boycott of my books if I came.The reason for this, of course, was the fierce battle that was raging in Gaza.The UN reported that more than a thousand people had lost their lives in the blockaded Gaza City, many of them unarmed citizensand especially if they are warning mestories that tend toward the surreal.Which is why I do not intend to stand before you today delivering a direct political message.Please do, however, allow me to deliver one very personal message.It is something that I always keep in mind while I am writing fiction.I have never gone so far as to write it on a piece of paper and paste it to the wall: Rather, it is carved into the wall of my mind, and it goes

something like this:

“Between a high, solid wall and an egg that breaks against it, I will always stand on the side of the egg.”

Yes, no matter how right the wall may be and how wrong the egg, I will stand with the egg.Someone else will have to decide what is right and what is wrong;perhaps time or history will decide.If there were a novelist who, for whatever reason, wrote works standing with the wall, of what value would such works be?

What is the meaning of this metaphor? In some cases, it is all too simple and clear.Bombers and tanks and rockets and white phosphorus shells are that high, solid wall.The eggs are the unarmed civilians who are crushed and burned and shot by them.This is one meaning of the metaphor.This is not all, though.It carries a deeper meaning.Think of it this way.Each of us is, more or less, an egg.Each of us is a unique, irreplaceable soul enclosed in a fragile shell.This is true of me, and it is true of each of you.And each of us, to a greater or lesser degree, is confronting a high, solid wall.The wall has a name: It is The System.The System is supposed to protect us, but sometimes it takes on a life of its own, and then it begins to kill us and cause us to kill othersstories of life and death, stories of love, stories that make people cry and quake with fear and shake with laughter.This is why we go on, day after day, concocting fictions with utter seriousness.My father died last year at the age of 90.He was a retired teacher and a part-time Buddhist priest.When he was in graduate school, he was drafted into the army and sent to fight in China.As a child born after the war, I used to see him every morning before breakfast offering up long, deeply-felt prayers at the Buddhist altar in our house.One time I asked him why he did this, and he told me he was praying for the people who had died in the war.He was praying for all the people who died, he said, both ally and enemy alike.Staring at his back as he knelt at the altar, I seemed to feel the shadow of death hovering around him.My father died, and with him he took his memories, memories that I can never know.But the presence of death that lurked about him remains in my own memory.It is one of the few things I carry on from him, and one of the most important.I have only one thing I hope to convey to you today.We are all human beings, individuals transcending nationality and race and religion, fragile eggs faced with a solid wall called The System.To all appearances, we have no hope of winning.The wall is too high, too strong-and too cold.If we have any hope of victory at all, it will have to come from our believing in the utter uniqueness and irreplaceability of our own and others' souls and from the warmth we gain by joining souls together.Take a moment to think about this.Each of us possesses a tangible, living soul.The System has no such thing.We must not allow The System to exploit us.We must not allow The System to take on a life of its own.The System did not make us: We made The System.That is all I have to say to you.I am grateful to have been awarded the Jerusalem Prize.I am grateful that my books are being read by people in many parts of the world.And I am glad to have had the opportunity to speak to you here today.