第一篇:福建沿海电厂煤炭采购模式调研(201305新)
关于福建部分沿海火电厂 燃煤采购模式的调研报告
根据国电福建公司部署,我部在4月初组织对福建区域其他发电集团所属沿海火电厂煤炭采购管理进行了考察和调研,主要了解各集团对发电厂燃煤采购的管理模式。
本次调研的对象主要是大唐宁德电厂、华电可门电厂、华能福州电厂。
一、大唐宁德电厂煤炭采购基本情况
国内煤:由大唐国际发电股份有限公司与上游大矿签订采购合同,并由电厂与煤矿直接开票结算。北京大唐燃料作为一般供应商参与了其中部分市场煤的供应。
国外煤:大唐国际(香港)有限公司在印尼设立分公司,对国外大矿资源进行代理,与电厂采用CIF方式供货。宁德电厂也可自行采购进口煤,但必须在北京大唐燃料的平台上统一比价,并由北京大唐燃料负责与外方签约,确保在同等条件下北京大唐燃料的优先供应权。
2012年宁德电厂全年采购进口烟煤、褐煤352.5万吨,掺烧效益达到1.9亿元。
二、华电可门电厂煤炭采购基本情况
国内煤:华电煤业在福建设立了分公司,代表华电煤业与可门电厂签订燃料供应合同,统一销售给电厂,其中内贸 煤一年约100多万吨。发电用煤其余部分由电厂自主采购,以国有重点和大中型煤炭企业为供应主要渠道,市场采购为辅助渠道,中长期协议优先。
国外煤:可门电厂作为华电集团目前唯一的沿海电厂,可自行组织采购进口煤。华电国际、华电香港、华电工程以及华电福建分公司等很多单位都参与运作。
2012年可门电厂共采购煤炭520万吨,其中长协内贸煤约100多万吨,进口煤300多万吨,配煤掺烧降低成本近6000万元。
三、华能福州公司煤炭采购基本情况
国内煤:华能集团对全部沿海电厂80%以上的煤炭均由集团燃料公司供应,自主从外部采购的价格不得高于内部供应价格,且所有采购量均由集团燃料公司实施统一管理。目前,该集团只有江浙地区有50%的自主采购权。
国外煤:绝大部分由华能集团燃料公司负责与国外大矿直接签订采购合同,以CIF方式供给福州电厂,电厂负责到厂接卸管理。另一部分是电厂自主与具有进口资质国内供应商洽谈国外煤采购业务,但是合同签订前需经过集团燃料公司统一审批,价格不得高于集团燃料公司供应价,因此电厂一般只从国内贸易商处采购少量的现货。
电厂自购的市场煤(包括国内和进口),在电厂完成合同洽谈后,均由集团燃料公司出面,以电厂名义与供应商签 订合同。
2012年华能福州公司共采购煤炭570万吨,其中长协内贸煤约100多万吨,进口煤300多万吨,平均入厂标煤单价910元/吨。
调研结论:
1、可以看出实行集约采购,是各个发电集团燃料采购管理的主线。这将最大化地利用采购规模优势,降低采购成本。
2、在煤炭集约采购的大框架下,充分发挥基层企业的积极性、主动性,放权让发电企业自主采购部分更具有价格比较优势煤炭,尤其是拓展海外煤炭采购市场,更好地适应煤炭市场变化和电厂生产需求,将更加有利于资源互补,有利于优化电厂煤炭结构,以实现整体效益最大化。
借鉴各集团燃料采购管理模式,结合我区域电厂实际,目前国电福建公司成立了燃料公司,可以实现燃料的区域集约化采购和规范化管理。区域集约采购,一方面发挥了集约化采购的优势,可提高买方的市场集中度和市场议事能力,规范管理和统一调配、调剂煤炭资源,确保系统内电厂煤源的均衡配置,优化煤源结构,从而降低采购成本; 另一方面可以及时掌握电厂煤炭需求,增强采购煤种、数量,船期与生产实际需求的针对性,以保持电厂煤场合理储煤量,满足发电用煤需求。
国电福建公司燃料管理部
2013年4月
第二篇:UPS调研显示:电商越来越成为工业采购的普遍模式
Buyers prefer online ordering, place high value on post-sales support A shift is underway for distributors of industrial supplies and the e-commerce experience they provide to their customers.In 2013, more than 63 percent of industrial supply buyers said they made purchases online, with half of those purchasers spending at least 50 percent of their annual budget with suppliers who have an e-commerce platform.This preference for e-commerce purchases offers potential growth opportunities for distributors of industrial supplies by reaching buyers who are using the web to expand beyond their existing supplier base.Distributors' e-commerce websites are opening new routes for customers, with 34 percent of survey respondents claiming they made online purchases outside of their existing supplier base in the last year.UPS, a global logistics leader and TNS, a global market research expert, surveyed 1,500 industrial supplies purchasers in the U.S.to gain a deeper understanding of their perceptions in five key areas of the purchasing process: researching and selecting suppliers;the purchase transaction;suppliers' websites;shipping, delivery and returns;and post-sales service and support.The vast majority of respondents said their experience with vendors' e-commerce sites are the same(56 percent)or better(37 percent)than the consumer sites they use for personal purchases.However, that doesn't indicate complete satisfaction regarding their experience with either B2C or B2B sites.Even though industrial supply purchasers are embracing e-commerce, traditional purchasing capabilities are still important, along with best-in-class product quality, purchase visibility and delivery speed.Survey findings show B2B online purchasers still want access to traditional customer methods, such as catalogs and access to a sales representative.Post-sales support was particularly important to respondents, with 68 percent indicating they would be somewhat or much more likely to do business with a new supplier if their website featured post-sales service and support.In addition, 53 percent of buyers stated aspects of the returns process are important, such as including a pre-printed return shipping label with the original delivery.“Sales representatives and other methods are still in demand, but the study shows B2B and B2C purchasing habits are becoming more similar,” said Brian Littlefield, industrial distribution director at UPS.“The findings underscore the need for industrial suppliers' e-commerce sites to offer a positive customer experience, much like B2C companies.With more than a decade of experience in the online retail space, UPS is particularly well-positioned to assist our industrial supply customers with implementing a competitive range of services, as they look to enhance their customers' online purchasing experience.” Visibility in online purchases and shipping When evaluating purchasing decisions, buyers of industrial supplies identified several benefits to purchasing online.Of those surveyed, 67 percent think the ability to make an online purchase is very or extremely important.When asked about the benefits of making purchases online: 64 percent cited knowing shipping costs prior to making an order 63 percent selected the ability to see real-time product availability 63 percent said the ability to view purchase history, as well as the ability to see the estimated delivery date when ordering How can industrial suppliers be more competitive online? UPS can help industrial supply distributors with a complete portfolio of services to effectively compete and make their online presence comparable to leading online sites.The company offers specialized solutions to help suppliers manage services that are the backbone of great e-commerce sites, including: Contract logistics, including inventory management Shipping, visibility and returns solutions Online service and support solutions For more information on the survey findings and to download a white paper of the complete survey results, click here.Survey Methodology: TNS conducted this online survey with 1,501 industrial supplies purchasers in the U.S.during December 2013.
第三篇:2020构建新型网络新业态新消费模式调研报告供参考
2020构建新型网络新业态新消费模式调研报告供参考
近年来,我国以网络购物、移动支付、线上线下融合等新业态新模式为特征的新型消费迅速发展,特别是新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,传统接触式线下消费受影响,新型消费发挥了重要作用,有效保障了居民日常生活需要,推动了国内消费恢复,促进了经济企稳回升。
一、市新型消费发展现状
(一)新型消费多元化发展。
一是传统零售店积极尝试直播电商销售,尤其是个别品牌女装店的快手、抖音直播销售发展较快。二是线上消费领域进一步拓展,从原有的实物消费、居民消费加速向服务消费、生产领域延伸,特别是疫情期间,线上线下加速融合,城区大型超市、果蔬零售企业也通过“线上下单、线下配送”的方式,实现全程不到店购物。三是行业新型融合经营模式颇受青睐,如“新天地首秀娱乐”将特色餐饮与娱乐有机融为一体,为夜经济发展营造了亮点。(二)新型消费短板问题明显。
比如基础设施不足带来的服务供给短板,适应新型消费线上线下融合的供应链体系尚不健全,人才短缺问题更加凸显,监管不适应、标准体系建设滞后,以及无序竞争、夸大宣传、价格隐蔽和隐私泄露等情况仍然存在,这些都可能影响新业态新模式乃至新型消费的持续健康发展。二、新型消费发展思路
(一)引领和促进新型消费上台阶。
人流量是形成消费中心的关键因素,将人流转化为客流和商流,必须从城市战略上进行布局。就而言,一方面,必须结合新型消费体系建设,优化商贸服务业和商业网点设施进行布局,依托城市商业街区提档升级,打造集购物、休闲、娱乐、餐饮为一体的城市商业中心街区。另一方面,大力挖掘、提升和推广一批新型消费的龙头企业,发展体验消费、文旅消费、夜间消费等,通过这些龙头企业的连锁化布局和示范带动,形成新型消费的氛围和格局,从而为新型消费体系建设提供更丰富的模式、场景和“打卡地”。(二)推进和完善新型消费基础设施建设。
新型消费离不开互联网、物联网、大数据、人工智能等新技术的有效应用——无论是线上线下融合的深度和广度,还是消费新业态新模式的培育与普及,以及与新商贸、新消费相关的信息网络基础设施。例如,电商直播、远程会展、在线定制、跨境交易、在线诊断、视频谈判等新商贸活动,对网络的大容量、低时延、高速度、超清晰等要求就十分严格。在大力发展数字经济与人工智能的过程中,应结合新商贸和新消费,重点布局一批与5G、大数据等相关的新基建项目。(三)促进新型消费与文化旅游深度融合。
在新型消费体系下,传统的“吃、穿、住、行”所占的比重将越来越低,并被赋予新的内涵。在这一趋势下,消费、商贸与旅游等深度融合,就成为必然,传统的观光式旅游也逐步被更丰富的个性内容所取代。一是将电商直播与文化旅游、康养运动等融合,打造一批重点消费新场景;二是拓展以美食、美景等为对象的旅游消费领域。以“年画节”为主题,大力推动以“吸引省内外消费者到过中国年”为内容的年味消费节,打造具有省内标杆性的新型消费品牌。三、加快推进新型消费发展的建议
(一)加快新型消费基础设施和服务保障能力建设。
主要包括加强信息网络基础设施建设,完善商贸流通基础设施网络,规划建设新型消费网络节点等。(二)加大新型消费政策支持力度。
加快出台产业发展促进政策措施,强化财政奖补资金对新型消费发展的支持。