第一篇：音乐治疗本土方案系列：灾后儿童心理救助呼唤多元化音乐治疗(中英文)（范文）
灾后儿童心理救助呼唤多元化音乐治疗
Children’s Mental Relief after Earthquake Requires Diverse Music Therapy
作者：刘小天 Author: Liu Xiaotian
摘要：本文在国内首次从多元化视角论述了中国音乐治疗实践中文化背景与治疗模式的关系。通过对儿童心理救助的案例，阐述了必须尊重并遵循儿童的文化背景，家族状况、年龄特点和地域特征，同时立足并借助西方音乐和西方音乐治疗的科学理论，根据不同对象，融会贯通地制定治疗方案，才能达到相应疗效。文中论述了音乐疗法对于儿童心理救助不可多得的效应。重点描述了人文背景及年龄段对于音乐治疗的特殊要求。也阐明了针对多元化视域，因人而异采用的多元化手法音乐治疗的进程及效果。
Abstract: The paper firstly discusses the relationship between the cultural background and therapy type in Chinese music therapy practice from multi-aspect of view in China.It is presented in the paper that the children’s cultural background, family status, age feature and regional characters must be respected through the children’s mental relief case.In addition, the corresponding curative effect can be reached via setting down the proper therapy scheme with the scientific theory of western music and western music therapy, and based on different objects.The paper presents the unique effect of music therapy to children’s mental relief, and emphasizes the special requirements of humanized background and age to music therapy.Furthermore, the paper also illuminates the progress and effect of diverse music therapy that is adopted for multi aspect of view and various objects.与儿童语言沟通无奈时，音乐出现了
The Music Emerges when Language Communication with Children Fails to Work
面对突然降临的震灾，儿童心灵蒙受打击最大。稳定的空间刹那间消失，疼爱的亲人瞬间离散，熟悉的环境猛然面目全非。全国倾力援助中，家园重建会很快，但这些儿童默默承受的心灵创伤若不救助，潜隐的心理损害，在他们一生中，将远远超过灾难本身。
Facing the sudden earthquake disaster, the children’s heart suffers attack fiercely.The stable space disappears instantly, the family separates and the familiar environment becomes strange suddenly.After earthquake, the homeland can be constructed quickly with the great effort of help of the people all the country;however, if the heart hurt fails to be healed for these children in disaster-hit area, the hidden metal wound will be more serious than the disaster itself in their life.儿童生活视域窄，抗压能力弱，心理干预所必备的沟通与交流能力，表达与接受的能力，都远低于成人。晤谈的治疗的实施效果相对有限。同时，他们处于“学语期”，心理危机一般数月才达到高峰。所以，成人与儿童的语言交流沟通，很难达到治疗所需维度。尤其灾难发生两个月内，晤谈式干预治疗甚至很危险。即便儿童主动述说，也尽量谨慎维持处理。The children live in the narrow space with the weak pressure resistance skill, the communication skill required for mental intervention and ability of expression as well as acceptance for children are much lower than the adults, thus, the therapy via talking with them can reach the relatively limited effect.In the meantime, they are in language study stage and the mental crisis can be the peak within several months.Therefore, it is hard to reach the therapy effect via the language communication between the adults and children, especially within two months after earthquake.The intervention therapy via talking with children is even hazardous.It should keep cautious to children’s active narration.目前针对灾后儿童的大量温情慰问或热情鼓励，也许反而加深了对象内心残酷记忆与美好场景间的矛盾，或许强化了儿童对心灵的锁闭性防护。
At present, a lot of tender comfort or passionate encouragement given to the children suffered from the earthquake may increase the contradiction between the cruel memory of inner heart and the sound scene of the objects, or strengthen the children’s mental blocking protection
联合国儿童基金会专家杰弗里-基尔说，大多数儿童都有与生俱来的“韧性”，虽然灾难带来创伤，但只要针对性提供艺术治疗等心理修复，儿童会很快扫除灾难的心理阴影。
Jeffrey Gere, an expert from UNCF, says that most of children have the instinctive tenacity.The mental relief such as the proper art therapy can heal the children’s mental wound quickly though they suffer in the disaster.但是，单一的愉悦稳定型的艺术疗法，如欢快乐曲、抒情儿歌、效果类似单边式鼓励语言的误区。科学审慎对待这类特殊群体，就必须严格遵循心理学和音乐治疗的专业原则，把救助方案调整到多元化视角。However, the single joviality and stable-based art therapies such as the joyous music and lyric children’s song are similar to the effect of unilateral language encouragement.It must comply with the discipline principle of psychics and music therapy, and adjust the relief scheme to the multi-aspect of view when treating these special groups scientifically and carefully.大脑科学的研究表明：音乐的波动，对儿童影响最大，因为，音乐以生物电的形式最易于影响儿童相对空白的记忆神经元，使大脑神经元上的突触数增加，轴突变粗，改善进行信息交换和加强思维能力的物质基础，短期内优化儿童的性情、心态和智力。
The cerebra science study indicates that the undulation of music influences the children mostly, because the music with form of bioelectricity can influence the relative blank memory nerve cell of children easily, increase the number of synapse on the cerebra nerve cell and enlarge the axons, improve the information exchange and strengthen the material base of ideation to optimize the children’s temper, attitude and intellect in a short period.因此，采用国际第四代心理治疗流派艾伦·艾维的多元文化咨询与治疗方案，应该是当务之急。务必细致廓清儿童的年龄特征、地域文化、家族背景等多元视域，以此为坐标，拟定个性音乐治疗方案，才可能伴随儿童步入其心灵，烛照她自己去体会、再现、表达、并接受悲哀。促动他们自我唤醒、自我激发对未来的热情。
Consequently, it is urgent to adopt the multi-cultural consultation and therapy scheme of international 4th generation of psychological therapy school with head of Alan Ivy.It must make clear the diverse view such as children’s age character, regional culture and family background, with which as the coordinates to establish the unique music therapy scheme, so the music can affect the children’s heart and help them experience, recur and accept the sadness, making them self awaken and encourage the passion to the future.多元化视角——音乐治疗的准星
Multi-aspect of View, the Goal of Music Therapy
在督导寇觉中老师指导下，我针对川陕甘儿童，遵循多元化视域，既针对儿童的文化特点，家族背景，年龄阶段。同时，也融合中国音乐单音深邃特点和西方古典音乐复调优势，搜集了82首三地儿歌、童谣。撷选出中国民乐改编的交响乐、管弦乐等乐曲，因人而异地多元化贯穿执行接触期、认同期、感受期、促动期、辅导期。
Under the instruction of teacher Kou Juezhong, aiming at the children in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu disaster-hit province and complying with the multi-aspect of view, I have searched 82 pieces of children’s songs and nursery rhyme in three provinces, which not only corresponds to the children’s culture character, family background and age feature, but also fuses the uni-phone profound Chinese music and the advantage of western classical music polyphone.The symphony adapted by China folk music and orchestral music are selected carefully to execute the acquaintance, recognition, awareness, motivation and instruction stages.一位四岁陕西宝鸡地区的女童，地震中失去了父亲，母女二人都受伤入院。初识时，她在病床上表情漠然、动作刻板，主动语言极少，甚至不与我目光对视。面对床头慰问品，她显然处于灾难过后的心理休克冷漠期。
A 4-year girl from Baoji, Shaanxi province lost her father in the earthquake;the girl and her mother were injured in hospital.When I met her at first, she was listless with unmeaning action and few words, even she saw me reluctantly.Obviously, she was in the offish status of mentality after the disaster facing the relief items on the bed.我遵循督导的共情设计，开始和她一同唱童谣、唱儿歌、玩游戏。三次以后，她渐渐和我目光对视。我接着补充性的和她伴随音乐做分果果等游戏。我深知，对儿童过早的脱敏，往往导致情绪恶性激化。
Complying with the mutual feeling design composed by the supervisor, I began singing the nursery rhyme, children’s song and playing games with her.After three times, she gradually looked at me with her eyes.Then I played the games of dividing the fruits accompanying with the music.I knew deeply that too early desensitization for the children would cause the deteriorating emotion.下来就要谨慎进入实质性的稳定支持、回溯再现、表达宣泄、接受悲哀的过程。聚焦多元音乐手段，温暖僵化的心，软化她以悲哀支撑的心灵盔甲，释放有害液体，激活她内心世界被封冻的鲜活童趣。
Next, I entered into the process of stable support, tracing reoccurrence, expression of catharsis and acceptance of sadness prudently.Focusing on the instrument of diverse music, I began warming her heart and comforting her sadness to active the lively interest that is hampered by the disaster.首先，我选择了中央乐团合唱团舒缓轻柔的天籁童声合唱、《小白船》等几个曲目，由抒情向快乐递进，牵引她进入亲近音乐的状态。因为，自从六年前在西安阳光智障儿童学校的干预案例开始，我日益总结到，越小的儿童，越能迅速接受音乐感染，也越喜欢节奏感强的柔和音乐。经过一段音乐初始化接触，感觉她表情开始软化，情绪明显活跃，心态有所稳定，我开始搭设干预架构。
Firstly, I chose several pieces of music such as the gentle and slow chorus with natural child’s voice and “Little White Boat” sang by glee club of Central Music Performing Group, which led her into hobnobbing with the music from the lyric to the upbeat rhythm.Since the intervention case in Xi’an Sunny Mental Retarded Children’s School six years ago, I have concluded that the younger the children are, the more quickly they are edified by the music, and love the finger-popping gentle music.After a period’s of initial acquaintance of music, I found out that her expression become better, the emotion shown more active and the attitude was more stable, so I began designing the intervention framework.适度催眠后，我选用了钢琴曲集《童谣》中的《小白菜》，从乐曲呈现凄风残雨中摇曳的孤独小鸟，我暗示了失去爸爸的孤独小鸟，但绝不提及她失去亲人。紧闭的双眼间，她长长睫毛终于没能留住一颗颗不断溢出的泪珠。紧闭的幼小心灵打开了一条缝。
After the proper hypnosis, I chose the “Little Cabbage” in piano music collection “Nursery Rhyme”, with the lonely bird in the cold wind playing in the music, I hinted her that the lonely bird lost its father instead of mentioning her losing her own father.Drops of tear rushed out of the closed eye and the long eyelash, the crack shown in her childish and younger heart.下来，我继续用贺艺先生改编的陕西民歌《兰花花》管弦乐第二乐章入手。随着疗程，进而用几个乐曲片段过度到柴可夫斯基的《第六交响曲》。其间，我极度审慎地暗示她回忆一些瞬间，不料，昔日重现，她开始断断续续主动泣诉极端压抑的痛楚片段回忆：她在房屋倒塌时跑向院子，妈妈撕裂般的哭喊、找爸爸时挖的双手鲜血淋淋……村里人一片混乱，几个叔叔满身尘土在她家废墟中寻找到了爸爸……她呜咽哽塞哭述着当时的孤立无援、悲苦、恐惧。After that, I chose the second movement of orchestral music, Lanhuahua, Shaanxi folk song adapted by Mr.He Yi, with several music segment to the 6th Symphony composed by Tschaikovsky.Meanwhile, I tried to hint her to memorize some instant scene.Unfortunately, she began crying to pour the miserable scene in which she rushed to the yard when the house collapsed, her mother cried painful, and the gory hands of excavating her father.The mess occurred suddenly in her village, several uncles found her father in the ruin of house.She wept sorrowfully to pour out the isolation, sadness and terror at that time.儿童对悲哀的释放维度，比成人相对易于提升，六次治疗后，脱敏进入关键环节，我启动了重点乐曲：赵季平先生《大漠孤烟直组曲》中的第四乐章《悼歌》。继续支持她对悲哀的痛述反应，鼓励她对细节回忆，当乐章最后的四声管钟响起，她几乎泪雨滂沱。我任由她反复哭泣、重复诉说场景片段。
Expression of the sadness for a child is prone to rise comparing with the adults.After six times’ therapy, the desensitization goes to the crucial link.I played the key music, namely the forth movement “Mourning Music” in the “Straight Plume of Smoke Group Music” composed by Zhao Jiping, to support the painful response to the sadness continuously and encourage her recollection of the details.When the tubular bell at the end of movement played, she cried more painfully to pour the miserable scene repeatedly with drops of tear.此时，我和她保持适当的心理距离，不强求她勇敢或镇静，只盼望她用音乐和另一个世界的爸爸沟通,接受乐曲对幼小灵魂一泻千里的洗礼。同时，我也密切注视着她情绪的细微波动，设置了调控防御，准备了抚慰柔情类音乐，以备随时介入，避免她滑向凄楚绝望或过分依赖。At that time, we kept the proper psychological distance instead of encouraging her braveness or calmness, the only hope is that she can communicate with her deceased father via the music in the heaven and accept the music therapy for the babyish spirit.I watched her gentle undulated emotion and prepared the gentle music for intervention, avoiding the desperation or too much dependence.我明白，这不是软弱，我欣慰看到，一双柔嫩的小手，开始对自己的心理黑洞探底。I knew it was not the frailty, and I was glad to see the tender hands begin the exploration of the wounded heart.治疗进入实质阶段后，由于多年钢琴学习钻研，我深感民族乐曲多属缺乏和声的单声音乐，很难胜任对人心灵干预的深度、强度和调谐力。而西方多声音乐的和声，则立体化了旋律，细分化了层次，客观化了二次创造，最易达成作者与听众行为共振。所以，我国民族音乐的魅力，能给人沁入心灵的陶醉，而很少给人付诸行为的震撼或冲动。若实施多元化音乐治疗方案，必须根植民族文化认知和价值体系基础，对民族性素材给予世界化表现技法的改良性发掘和再现。于是，我采用《沃尔塔瓦河》的同时，撷选了《和平颂》、《春光灿烂》《睡莲》等片段，帮她纵深拓宽疏泄渠道，激化意识流淌中的积极元素，提振她从认可丧失阶段向适应丧失阶段缓缓过度，从回避或试图绕过灾难的恐惧中自然的走出来。
When the music therapy went to the essential stage, I felt the monaural music lack of stereo in the national music due to several years’ study of piano, which is incompetent to affect the heart in terms of depth, strength and tune.Instead, the western stereo music synthesizes the cantus, separates the level and realizes the second creation, which is easy to reach the resonance between the composer and the listener.Therefore, China national music has the charm to infiltrate into the inner heart instead of encouraging the people for convulsion or action.If the diverse music therapy scheme is adopted, it should be based on the national cultural recognition and value system to develop and recur the expression skill for the national materials.So I played pieces of the music such as “Ode to the Peace”, “Sunny Spring” and “Pond Lily” while playing the “Vltava”, with which I helped her open the heart, activate the happy emotion and encourage to adapt the reality from knowing that her father was killed in the earthquake, and come out the disaster naturally, instead of avoiding or attempting to escape from the terrible disaster.平静下来后，她小脸上开始泛出不易察觉的微笑。和我过家家游戏时，也间或有了撒娇。护士反映，儿童夜间不再出现以往的惊叫了。因为毕竟面对的是一颗幼小而柔弱的心，我始终小心翼翼的尝试、呵护都如履薄冰，此刻，揪着的心才放了下来。
The smile began showing on the childish face after calming down.She played the games with me, sometimes showing childish.The nurse told met that children’s screaming phenomena in the evening disappeared.I tried to care for the young heart prudently and finally I relaxed.立足民族、地域、年龄多元文化背景的音乐干预
Music Intervention based on Multi-cultural Background of Nation, Region and Age
中国音乐治疗研究所主任高天先生说：“若及时把消极情绪充分宣泄出去，再严重的创伤也会逐渐治愈……当消极情绪发泄到一定程度，人内心深处的积极力量就会抬头”。
Mr.Gao Tian, the director of China Music Therapy Institute, says “if the negative emotion is abreacted thoroughly in time, can any serious wound be gradually healed.When the negative emotion is abreacted in a certain degree, the positive emotion in the inner heart will show”.确认她情绪疏导效果显后，我谨慎着手促动她对悲哀的渐次接受。
I motivated her to accept the sorrow carefully after confirming of the evident therapy effect for her emotion.鉴于儿童阅历和阅读面的局限，我在和她一起做音乐游戏《小老鼠》、《找朋友》时，讲述了一些儿童在灾难中失去双亲的实例，一步步暗示，地震和很多灾难，都是很难避免的自然现象。同时，我开始注入了何占豪的交响诗《龙华塔》。同步监听观察，当梦幻般竖琴导引下，乐曲进入第二主题，二胡如凄如述地奏出对逝者的回忆时，她已经泪如泉涌。当再现部清越的竖琴又把思绪从深度回忆慢慢带回现实化解悲痛时，我让她休息。
In light of the limit of experience and reading for the children, I told her the example that some children also lost her parents in the disaster when we played the music games such as “Mini Mouse” and “Seeking for Friend”, and hinted her that earthquake and many disasters are the natural phenomena that cannot be avoided.Then I played the “Longhua Tower”, the symphonic poem composed by He Zhanhao.With the guide of gentle harp, the music went to the second theme, the dismal Erhu music seemed to make her recall her deceased father, she cried heartrendingly.When the music played with harp led her scatter the sadness in the reality from the deep memories gradually, she rested.此时的状态，正如中国音乐治疗学会会长张鸿懿先生的精确表述：“音乐治疗像一把钥匙，打开了孤独儿童紧闭的心扉。内心世界通过音乐治疗找到了释放、发泄和表达的特定的渠道”。
The situation at this time is as if the accurate statement by Mr.Zhang Hongyi, the president of China Academy of Music Therapy, “the music therapy seems to be a key to a child’s closed heart.Her or his inner heart can be opened, abreacted and expressed via the music therapy”.许多深刻的成长，是由伤口开始的。我开始激化她自身的对决潜力。当她聆听赵季平先生交响乐《太阳鸟》片段时，随着管弦乐组以高音区密集的和弦，奏出清亮明朗的翱翔弧线……尤其进行到《孔雀精灵》，随着鼓乐撞击开紧闭的阴霾，绽放出飞向天籁间清新的灿烂时……看她紧绷着的小脸上，木然克制渐渐松展，绽露出松快的惬意。当天，我给她讲故事讲到：瓦缸破成了一堆碎片，他还扭回头去一片片捡回来，你说他是不是个傻瓜呀？她笑着说：“大傻瓜”！《太阳鸟》呼唤太阳照亮了两颗心，我们头一次不约而同的哈哈大笑。Much deep experience during growing up begins the wound.I began motivating her own potential to challenge the sadness.When she listened to the “Sunbird”, a symphony composed by Mr.Zhao Jiping, with the concentrated chord in alt played with the orchestral instrument, the haze in her inner heart disappeared gradually, especially when the Peacock Eidolon was playing, her closed heart opened little by little and the relieved smile shown on her tightened face.On that day, I told her the story, I told her that when the jar was broken into the fragment, and a boy collected the fragment one by one, and asked if he was a fool.She smiled and admitted the fool boy.The “Sunbird” music gives the sunshine to the two hearts and we laughed happily at the same time…
使人潦倒的，往往不是灾难，而是人面对灾难的心态。我开始评估她内心对厄运的接受程度，残而不废的萌芽，怎样自己认可厄运、接受丧失、激发希望、自我修复？
It is the attitudes towards the disaster that always makes people disappear instead of the disaster itself.I began assessing her acceptance capacity for the doom, and how does the young girl accepts the misfortune, inspires the hope and self encourages?
我日益感到，只要立足文化背景、年龄特色的和中西音乐结合的多元视域，对儿童的音乐治疗，不难获得理想的利导效果，年龄越小，利导补偿和激发的作用就越大。
I gradually feel that it is easy to obtain the ideal effect with the music therapy for the children based on the cultural background, age feature and multi-aspect of view combining with Chinese and western music.The younger, the more effect for compensation and inspiring can be realized.接着，我通过借用舒缓、轻柔类管弦乐组曲《华夏童谣》，对她持续植入稳定化的积极资源，对前面疗效确认并固化。如果说教育的终极目的是用同情的目光看待世界，那么我相信，针对性的多元化聆听天籁组曲，就能使儿童恢复童真的目光重审这个世界。
Next, I stabilized her positive emotion and strengthened the therapy effect via the “Huaxia Nursery Rhyme”, relaxed and gentle orchestral group music.If the final purpose for education is to look on the world with the commiserative view, I believe that listening to the natural group music purposefully will help the children to view the world with the childish eye.我赠送给她一个MP3播放器，给她录入了奥立佛、渡边淳一等专注东方元素作曲家的心理调谐曲目。期待《小树有风》、《新的太阳》、《雾霭鎏蓝》等以世界节奏为主，适合儿童聆听，既有明朗向往，也不乏孩童纯真，并伴随慈祥关爱的女声、东方醇厚温暖特色的乐曲，润物无声地滋润她的心灵。唤醒这颗萌芽，自己伸向新的阳光、伸向蓝色的天空。
I gave her a MP3 player and recorded the psychological tune music composed by Eastern composer such as Oliver and Junichi Watanabe.I hope the music such as “The Swing Sapling in Wind”, “New Sun” and “Coming Up for Air” can be listened by children, which contains the pursuit of bright future as well as the naivete of children.With the kindly girl’s vice and profound oriental music, her inner heart can be comforted silently, awakening her to pursue the bright future.此刻，我聆听着昂越振奋的《太阳鸟》，感奋的泪光中，只想用高建群先生那句名言为她祈福：用自己的激情点燃自己生命的一把火，去迎接生命的挑战。
At this time, I listen to the inspiring Sunbird respectively, and want to pray her with the saying of Mr.Gao Jianqun, “igniting the hope with enthusiasm and facing the challenge of life”.（刊载于国家级刊物《音乐天地》国际标准刊号ISSN1003-4218国内统一刊号CN61-1039/J）(The paper is published in “Music Space”, the national level magazine with International Standard Serial Number of ISSN1003-4218 and domestic uniform publication numberof CN61-1039/J)
第二篇：音乐治疗案例10(团体方案——非指导性音乐想象)
团体方案——体验非指导性音乐想象
一、方案理念：
请大家体验非指导性音乐想象。探索内心深层的、潜意识的材料或者记忆，寻找症状或问题的根源。非指导性音乐想象属于“问题取向”治疗思路的技术。
二、方案目标：
通过“主动想象”的方法，鼓励小组成员探索音乐音象的含义，帮助理解自己内部的心理世界。
三、活动时间：3小时，团体治疗形式：8-12人
四、方案内容：(音乐：
1、冥想音乐；
2、励志音乐：刘欢-从头再来；汪峰-飞得更高等)
1、音乐放松，使小组成员感到舒服；
2、确定本次活动的焦点；
3、选择适当的音乐（可由治疗师与小组成员共同决定）；
4、选择合适的渐进式放松训练的指导语；
5、观察小组成员的身体动作和面部表情的变化，来掌握其音乐想象的体验；
6、在音乐结束后，治疗师等待约30秒，并说：“音乐已经结束了，让自己保持刚才的想象，然后逐渐让这些意象消失。”然后让小组成员回到现实中来；
7、请小组成员在讨论中对想象体验进行总结。可以使用开放式提问，如：“感觉怎么样？”或者请小组成员通过绘画将自己的音乐想象呈现出来。
点击咨询 