论文野性的呼唤英文版

第一篇：论文野性的呼唤英文版

Study on the Causes of Buck’s Returning the Wild

摘要：本文运用马克思主义辩证关系原理，科学地探索了巴克回归自然的内因和外因，并对人类进行了深刻的反思。淘金热是巴克转变的一个间接原因，也是一个大背景。巴克凭着先天优势在残酷的不断变化的环境中，学得了重要的生存法则，即“适者生存”。由此发现，虽然外部环境在不断变化，但巴克凭着自己的能力掌握规律，以另一种方式生存。这表明外因在一定程度上影响了事物的发展，而事物的发展是由内因决定的。

关键字：内因;外因；生存法则；适应能力。

Abstract: On the basis of Marxist dialectic, this passage makes a study on the internal and external causes of buck’s returning to the wild, and makes a reflection of human beings as well.Prevailing phenomenon of seeking gold is an indirect cause as well as a big backdrop of the time.Buck, learning against his superior advantages, learned a critical law of existence, that is, survival of the fittest.In this sense, in spite of the various environments, Buck mastered the law against his own adaptability and led a different way of life.That indicates the external causes have an effect on the development of things, while it is the internal cause that decides the final implementation of things.Key words: external causes;internal causes;law of existence;adaptability 1.Introduction: The call of the wild, one of the representative works, written by Jack London, reveal many realities and truths that deserve ponder and study.On the ground of Marxist dialectic, we choose to the causes, internal and external, that push Buck to return to the wild.Any implementation of phenomenon is formed by the combined effect of internal and external causes, thus, to know the process and results of development in things, finding out the reasons is necessary.At the same time, thoughts should not be confined in things themselves, but touch the lessons and experience hiding in the development of things, that is, in the call of the wild, we should see the illumination from Buck’s shift of life, and make self-reflection.In this sense, reflection on human beings being the third part of this passage, apart from external causes and internal causes.2.External Causes 2.1 The Found of Yellow Metal

It is a direct reason that leads to Buck´s hardship.It is the found of gold that increase the demand for dogs of strong muscle and long hair, which can according make them pull sled protect them from frost.Also it is the found that offers Manuel, one of the gardener´s helpers an opportunity to reduce his debt, that is to sell Buck.Buck was betrayed and forced to begin his shift of life.2.2.The Big Contrast in Living Conditions

Buck had lived the sun-kissed santé clara valley，where was beautiful and peaceful.“It stood back from the road, half-hidden among the trees, through which glimpses could be caught of the wide cool veranda that ran round its four sides.The house was approached by graveled drive ways which wound about through wide spreading lawns and under the interlacing boughs of tall poplars.At the rear things were on even a more spacious scale than at the front.”.“There were great stables, where a dozen grooms and boys held forth, rows of vine-clad servants’ cottages, an endless and orderly array of outhouses , long grape arbors, green pastures, orchards, and berry patches.” And there he got well along with people, especially his little masters.“He plunged into the swimming tank or went hunting with the Judge’s sons;he escorted Mollie and Alice, the Judge’s daughters, on long twilight or early morning rambles;on wintry nights he lay at the Judge’s feet before the roaring library fire;he carried the Judge’s grandsons on his back, or rolled them in the grass, and guarded their footsteps through wild adventures down to the fountain in the stable yard, and even beyond, where the paddocks were, and the berry patches.”

Besides, he enjoyed a fine pride there, “Among the terriers, he stacked imperiously, and Toots, and Ysabel he utterly ignored for he was king-----king over all creeping, crawling, flying things of Judge Miller’s place, humans included.”

But after his leaving, he never enjoyed the happiness dignity as well as pride in high position.The snow-covered world was crude, chilly, and miserable, and Buck, as equally as other dogs, had to confronted that, and bore the pain of fresh and spirit that was beyond imagination.“Once the sled broke through , with Dave and Buck, and were half-frozen and all but drowned by the time they were dragged out.The usual fire was necessary to save them.They were coated solidly with ice, and the two men kept them on the run around the fire, sweating and thawing, so close that they were singed by the flames.”

Not only did torture him, but also, worse, the merciless humankind who offered no adequate food, while drove the dogs to continuously proceed for miles and miles.At best, like Francois, who rubbed Buck’s soft feet and make moccasins for Buck.At least, like Mercede, who plus the weight of the sled without considering the dogs.“Again Hal’s whip fell upon the dogs.They threw themselves against the breastbands, dug their feet into the packed snow, got down low to it, and put forth all their strength.The sled held as thought it were an anchor.After two efforts, they stood still, panting.The whip was wrestling savagely.”

Furthermore Buck had to cope with the clashes occurred among huskies or between them and the invaders against their weak condition.As time went by death was not the acquaintance.“Buck staggered over against the sled, exhausted, sobbing for breath, helpless.This was Spitz’s opportunity.He sprang upon Buck, and twice his teeth sank into his unresisting foe and ripped and tore the flesh to the bone.” All the said facts gradually dig Buck’s nature out, and make him a beast step by step.2.3 The Death of Thornton

The Death of Thornton is the most direct reason of Buck’s backing to the wild.Thornton saved buck, and buck was more than grateful for him, but loved him.Buck was content to adore at a distance.He would lie by the hour, eager, alert, at Thornton’s feet, looking up to his face，upon it studying it, following with keenest interest each fleeting expression, every moment or change of feature.Or, as chance might have it, he would lie farther away, to the side or rear, watching the outlines of the man and the occasional movements of his body.Thornton was the very master in his ideal.And it was Buck’s love for Thornton that left the wild suspended.despite his beast impulse was in summit.“ But as often as he gained the soft unbroken earth and the green shade, the love for John Thornton drew him back to the fire again.” “Thornton alone held him.The rest of mankind was as nothing.” Therefore, when Thornton died, Buck despaired to death, and entered into the wild without any nostalgia.3．Internal Causes

3.1.The Strain of Buck

Buck’s ancestors were wolves，known as fierce savage and crude，while in Buck’s gene，those features had been hid since his ancestors were trained by human beings.At the beginning，not only did he hatred men，but trust in them。“Buck had accept the rope with quiet dignity。To between，it was unwonted performance，but he had learned to trust in men he knew。”But that was transient，those characteristics were just hid not polished or wiped out，the subsequent series of challenge would make him recall the beast nature。”“Not only did he learn by experience，but instincts long dead become alive again.In vague ways he remembered back to the youth of thr breed，to the time the wild dogs ranged in packs through the primeval forest，and killed their meat as they ran it clown。”“He was ranging at the head of the pack，running· the wild thing down，the living meat，to kill with his own teeth and wash his muzzle to the eyes in warm blood。”

Besides the beast nature was gradually renovated，the gene of beast never stopped manipulating Buck’s behaviors。Buck was not so much alike as a house-dog，he went out to exerciseand built up his body，not like the common pets，as the apanese pug and Mexican hairless who even did not put nose out of the door。“But he had saved himself by not becoming a mere pampered house-dog。Hunting and kinder outdoor delights had kept down the far and hardened his muscles ”

3.2．The Adaptability of Buck

The constant change of environment around Buck required a brilliant adaptability because in different environment，one had to scrupulously cope with different people and dogs。Fortunately，he possessed that。

And his adaptability was demonstrated by the several lessons he acquired。Firstly，the law of club，Buck was a civilized dog with dignity，never treated by others with rude actions。He instinctively resisted，but beaten by the club hold by the person in red。After several failures，he realized“That club was a revelation。It was his introduction to the region of primitive law。”。Secondly，the law of fang。This lesson told him to be left alone or he would be tore up，clashes and curly was the typical example of the law。Thirdly，dig a hole for himself。Unlike the judge Miller’s place，the snow-covered world was merciless，he was not allowed into the men’s camp。so digging a hole was the only way to have a rest。“The day had been long and arduous，and he slept soundly and comfortably。”Forthly，eating quickly。This lesson protecting his poor portion from being robbed，even making him rot other’s food，was very important to him。“He never had enough，and suffered from perpetual hunger pangs。Yet the other dogs，because they weighted less and were to keep in good condition。”The last but not least，was stealing。“This first theft marked Buck as fit to survive in the hostile Northland environment。It marked his adaptability，his capacity to adjust himself to changing conditions，the lack of which would have meant swift and terrible death。

When he became sofisticated by using those lessons，his desire being larger and larger as his beast nature being more and more clear，so that he killed Spize and replaced him，as a dog leader，even agitated the violence among dogs with clever means。His adaptability made Buck close to a real beast，step by step。

4.Reflection on Human Beings

By studying the experience of Buck, we find there are many aspects deserved to learn.Following are the illuminations that we got from Buck: Firstly, success is formed in the difficulties.The change of environment brought troubles Buck, but meanwhile forged him into a successful beast.Secondly, never loosing alert, when we living in peace.Buck is clever.He exercises to keep weight, which increases his advantages, at least over wrestling.Thirdly, adaptability is necessary.Environment surrounding us is probably to change at any time, thus, we need to adjust ourselves to the new conditions.There is certain laws existing in the development of things, so if we are able to master the law as buck did, we can survive.A famous saying by Darvine that the fittest will survive is the very explanation.Last but not least, compete against wisdom and bravery.What stressed here is that Buck is a dog, so in the world he lived battles and killing were inevitable.While human being is civilized, therefore, the means used by people should also be civilized, not bloody.If violence occupies the whole process of competition for survival, there would be no difference between men and beast.Reference: The Call of the Wild/White Fang, 清华大学出版社

第二篇：野性的呼唤英文读后感

Goethe said, “Reading good books is like a conversation with the man of noble.”Only if will you learn something about the writer,Jack London,you can follow the idea of his book, The Call of the Wild.Jack London was a very famous realistic writer.He was also a strong sailor and a war correspondent.He was born in 1876,San Francisco, California.It is believed that he is the illegitimate son of an astrologer whose name was William Chaney.His family was poor----no fixed occupations, and no fixed residence.So Jack had to take some time off to work and support his family.Jack’s extensive life experiences is very difficult.When he was 20, Jack entered the University of California.But he dropped out of school after only one semester because he didn’t have enough money to pay the tuition fee.In 1897, he went to Alaska to join the Gold Rush.Although didn’t getting much gold, he found lots of ideas for his books and stories.Then he went back home and began to write.In 1900, he put out of his first novel----The Son of the Wolf,shocking the literary circle.From then on, with many of his new short novels published he began to have a place in the American literature world.Later Jack became the best-selling, highest paid and most popular American author of his time.Fifty-one of his books and hundreds of his articles had been published.His most notable books include The Call of the Wild which was published in 1903, belongs to the type which is about the life of the polar region.It is the book that we are talking about.His writings have been translated into many languages and to many of his works were widely read among the world.Most of his works are full of positive emotions including energetic, enjoying, enthusiastic, exhilarated and brave, and full of hardworking.As his writings were warmly welcomed and he became rich and famous when he was under thirty.But Jack London was not a happy man.In poor health.He took his own life in 1916.He was then only forty years old.Now let’s back to this book.It is a novel about a dog named Buck, a St.Bernard and Scotland shepherd dog hybrids.The difference is that Buck was the dog who didn’t live in human’s mythology nor as friend with men in human’s social.He was a dog living in a frozen and snow-covered land.He was a dog who shocks readers’ mind.Buck lived in a judge’s family in the southern,enjoying a rich life,accepting people's respect.But all his life changed after people found gold in the north.Burk faced his first rude treatment.He was sold to a guy in the red sweater.Then he was beaten and be in dead faint once again.After many times fell down he knew that there would have no way out to freedom in front of these people.I think the violence he faced was the key to his wild,to learn the low of jungle.If the key was the violence,the main body of the lesson was the life Buck leaved with his friends.It made the wild hidden in Buck gradually awake.Burk was soldagain.This time he joined in a sledding team.He got lots of ways of being while living with his new partners.Dog Parker taught him how to steal food to fill the stomach.In fact no one want to steal if one can make end one’s meet.From Dog Beeley he learned how to find water on the snow-land.Now I have to refer to a Dog Pitts who was the leader of the sledding team.It rememberd Buck the slaying skills.Buck was an enemy of Pitts,so he was offen defied by Pitts.At first,Buck forbore.On the one hand,he was learning how to live in the snow-land,learning how to slay.On the other hand,his red-bloody was resurrected by the Dog Pitts.Finally he beat Pitts.Once the wild rose,the call from the wild attracted Buck day and night.The call of the wild is spine-chilling,but Buck echoed happlily and excitedly.During a hunting Buck found it’s interesting when he killed others.Finally,he became the King of the Wolf after he fought with many a wolf in the forest.The way to success of Buck is like a man’s transformation.He finally became a king of the wild from a cute puppy dog is because of his loyalty, patience and ambition.The Loyalty.Loyalty is dogs first advantage,Buck is no exception.Because of his loyalty he could live to meet his the most anticipated master.The loyalty to his master gave him a way to improve himself,so he could be a king dog finally.The patience.Buck had a great patience.It made him change the role and help him quickly adapt to the new environment.He patient all the violence.Finally he defeated the last king-dog.The ambition.Maybe the ambition is not a commendatory term,but there will not be a more appropriate word to describe him.With his ambition,Buck didn’t reconciled to be a third-class dog.So he won,though he paid the bloody price,to be the king-dog.He was driven to be the best by his ambition.Maybe the the intensity of competition and social cruelty is the wild of human beings in modern world.It is wild that brings the desire to conquer all the world.Like Buck,when all the things in the world told him there are only 2things—to conquer and be conquered, the indomitable spirit from the heart was recalled cause he knew that it was the way of being.In today's competitive world the line that separates a hit from a flop is thin.Man can never stop to have a little hesitate.We can only valiantly accepted the challenge,then conquer it.But the wild is not only bloodiness,it also brings deep friendship.When Buck’s last master John died,he cried into the air,sadly and loyalty.The love between Buck and John is the other side of the wild.What I want to say is life and the world is complex,the complexity is because of its wild—the original ingredient of the world.It brings the world to life and push it to the hell.It is WILD.It has loyal,it has cunning;it has love,it has enmity;it brings life,it destroys one’s life.Let it go,it is the real life,beautiful and flossy.It will live on and never leave.That is the WILD.

第三篇：野性的呼唤英文读后感

The call of the wild

It tells a story about a gigantic dog who was called Buck.It was stolen from a rich and comfortable home by the man who was in debt.Then buck was forced to learn to survive as an Alaskan sled dog(阿拉斯加雪橇犬).Buck encountered his true owner John Thornton who is very friendly and kindhearted after a long terrify life.Finally, John’s incidental death break Buck’s last tie to the man and drives him into the call of the wild.In this story, Buck and John simply adopt themselves to answer the call of the wild.Buck will eventually leave John one day even if the incidental death does not happen to John.Buck just wanted to help his master finish the gold-rush-trip when the wild comes to his mild.‘From then on, night and day, never put a halt, in desperation, he burst into long stretch of fight, did not to stay him(John)’.Buck wished to remember John’ image forever.I could not hold my tears bursting.Can a real man devote himself to loyalty and friendship in such a way? On the other hand, John Thornton is not only a dog-lover but also a brave and venturous man.He is so straightforward and simple that makes him an accommodating man.Once he firmly roots a goal into his heart, it seems that nothing could prevent him from accomplishing it except death.I do not know whether the persistence is the most vital element to make a man successful, but what I know is that you are not far away from success once you occupy it.It is Jack London who let us into the animated wild from the hustle-and-bustle and from desperate city.There, I merely cannot deny the attraction of Buck’s bark, which enlightens me to pursue another lost half of the nature in mankind, and to dig out a true meaning of life.What is the essence of human beings? What is the civilization to us? Do we need to look back at where we came from? Is it good or bad for us to speak out what we think and to do what the consciences demand us to? It is thought-provoking.

第四篇：野性的呼唤 英文读后感

1.London's classic tale of survival, about a gentle California dog's gradual transformation into a fierce arctic predator, calls for a robust, masculine reading.Because it is told from the dog's point of view, it also demands a narrator who can communicate the nuances of both animal and human emotion.2.At the beginning of this century, many new writers emerged with the introduction of many new ideas.Among them, Jack London was the most popular one.His most famous novel is the call of the wild.Although it is a story about a dog, Buck, it vividly depicts the life in the primitive North where people rushed for gold and fortune.Buck, used to belong to a judge, was kidnapped and sold to North.Then he became a member of a dog-team pulling a sled.In the days of pulling a snow-sled, he learned to conform to the law of nature and obey the master.Finally, he found a basic instinct hidden inside him, which enabled himself to survive the tough environment.This is the call of the wild.When you read the story, you will feel that Buck is a man instead of a dog, struggling with his fortune and conforming to the law of nature.Though short, it is really a thrilling story.What you never forget is the tough life in the nature, the brave and crafty dog.Maybe the wild is calling you to go ahead.While writing for only 16 years throughout his life, London produced an amazing body of work among which, White Fang, Martin Eden, the Valley of the Moon are representative.3.My Call of the Wild

------Enlightenment of The Call of the Wild

“ He sings a song of the younger world, which is thesong of the pack.”(Chapter VII

The Sounding of the Wild)When the last sentence vanished from my eyes, I can stillperceive an echo of a song-a wild song, which knocks upmy dizzy mind that always

cheerfully sink into the so-calledcivilized world without questioning.Wild, is no longer asymbol of the law of jungle but a headspring where streamsout love, passion, bravery, loyalty, friendship, venture, competition and tolerance all these virtues can easily befound in the Call of the Wild.Jack London(1876-1916)is a worldwide renowned novelist.His stories successfully

reflect the contradictory views ofman’s nature and destiny in and against the wild, and his“fight to survive” notion has gained him and hisworks timeless popularity, particularly, the Call of the Wild.It tells a story of a gigantic dog, named Buck, who is stolen from a rich and comfortable home and forced to learn to survive as an Alaskan sled dog.Buck, at first, is too savage for the company of man until he coincidently encounters his beloved master-kindhearted John Thornton.Finally, John’s incidental death breaks Buck’s last tie to the man and drives him intohis long-desired wild with his pack.In the story, Buck and John simply adopt themselves to answer the call of the wild.When it comes to Buck’s mind that oneday he will eventually leave John-his master, all he wants to do is just to help him finish the gold-rush-trip.He “from then on, night and day, never put a halt, in desperation, he burst into long stretch of flight, did not to stay him(John)…”(Chapter VII The Sounding of The Wild)Buck wished to remember John’s image forever, he “for two days and nights never left camp, never let Thornton out of his sight.He

followed him about at his work, watched him while saw him into blankets at night and out of them in the morning…”(Chapter VII)When I read these words I just could not hold my tears bursting.Can a real man devote himself to loyalty and friendship in such a way? On the other hand, John Thornton is not only a dog-lover but also a brave andventurous man.He is so straightforward and simple that makes him an accommodating man.Once he firmly roots a goal into his heart, it seems that nothing could prevent him from accomplishing it except death.I do not know whether the persistence is the most vital element to make a man successful, but whatI know is that you are not far away from success once you occupy it.It is Jack London who plunges me into the animated wild from the hustle-and-bustle and from desperate city.There, I merely cannot deny the attraction of Buck’s bark, which enlightens me to pursue another lost half of the nature in mankind, and to dig out a true meaning of life.Dare we

imagine that Londonintentionally employs Buck to set us a model with perfectcharacters(count barbarity out)? The answer is affirmed.We, as animals, are from the wild but shedding off more and more wild signs, which demonstrate us as the “uncivilized”.However, who can fully guarantee that we have not overlookedsome essential wild-endowed virtues? Especially, nowadays, it seems more crucial for us to stop looking at the post-industrialized world and to ponder for a while.When cheats, betrayals, lies, lusts and crimes stuff a materialized society, whether Londonuses this novel to help himself escape the reality or warn the earthy people, to us, modern man, is all the same.It appears horrible that in modern society many people are enthusiasticallytalking about how to build up “special relations”to the authority, deceiving and lying to each other.To themlife is a mask-wearing process rather than a hard work.Every time, you browse WebPages, scandals in politics, business, the entertainment circle and even on campus crowd into youreyes.Oh, what is the essence of human beings? What is thecivilization to us? Do we need to look back at where we came from? Is it good or bad for us to speak out what we thinkand to do what the consciences demand us to? Are we wastingtalents given by the mighty nature? Be an honest, straightforward, warmhearted, emotional and responsible man or be a shrewd, cold hearted and astute hypocrite? While embracing the “civilized” rubbish, we are losing those good virtues, which are the callsof the wild.Once we lose them, we are to lose ourselves,and we will get nowhere.I wish this dreadful thought is totally a fallacy, but, now, it is chilling me hard.One day when I happen to stand on the top of a grand mountain to observe a boundless prairie enveloped by the sapphire firmament and combed by gusts of the rhythmical west wind, a morning sun sprinkles me her warmth and brilliance in a graceful way, however, at that moment, I am afraid that I cannot appreciate these beauties, I am a lost “ civilized man” then.Please, please do not let come true while we are still able to answer the call of the wild.

第五篇：野性的呼唤英文读后感

Rules of Living

The call of the wild is a story about a dog.However, the story also vividly describes the life in the primitive North where people rushed for gold and fortune.Buck, a dog which was belonging to a judge, was kidnapped and sold to North.Then he became a member of a dog-team pulling a sled.In the days of pulling the snow-sled, he learned the rules of living—obedient to the law of nature and obeys the master.Only in this way, Buck can live.And finally, he found a basic instinct hidden inside him, which enabled himself to survive the difficult environment.At the end of the story, Buck returned to the embrace of nature.This is all about The call of the wild.The competition which exists in the human society and the spirit what people have is a reflection of ancient wild.It brings a desire to conquer all things.Just like Buck, before he joins the team, he never thought about that he will be in a crowd of dogs and struggling to survive.But Buck is very brave in the tough days and never gives up.When he found he must be faced the rules of living, the unyielding wild in the deep of himself was quickly wake up.Well, in today's competitive society, the outcome just in a moment, It caused people can not have hesitation when we face to the every crisis, only to accept bravely, and eventually conquered crisis.So, I think Buck’s spirit is very worth for us to admiring, no matter how difficult the crisis or how bad the environment which we must be face to.But nowadays, many young people have rarely attack, frustration or achievements.They want to avoid all the things what they must be face to them in their future life.However, on their own road of growth, young people will encounter setbacks and difficulties inevitably.They also should overcome their shortcomings and give play to strong points with the indomitable will.And only in this way, young people will safety living in this competitive society, and never give up when they have any problems.In a word, we always want to know that in our life there will be happiness and safeness.And finally we will like Buck, experienced numerous setbacks, stride across the hardest problem and return to the hug of nature.We must believe our own ability all the time.