第一篇：安徽2012年1月自考英语试题
2012年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
英语
（二）试卷（课程代码0359）
本试卷分为两部分，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
第一部分为选择题，1页至8页，共8页。应考者必须在“答题卡”上按要求填涂，不能答在试卷上。
第二部分为非选择题，9页至10页，共2页。应考者必须在“答题纸”上答题。
PART ONE（50 POINTS）
1.Vocabulary and Structure（10 points，1 point each）
从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.All theories______from practice and in turn serve practice.A.differ
B.range
C.recover
D.originate
2.There is little______increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading.A.aim
B.use
C.value
D.meaning
3.what you say now is not______with what you said yesterday.A.insistent
B.prevalent
C.consistent
D.permanent
4.Putting prisoners in chains doesn't solve the______0f crime，such as poverty or disaffection within society.A.causes
B.victims
C.purposes
D.increases
5.Binary stars，as their name suggests，are twin stars whose position in space______ each other.A.affects
B.expects
C.perfects
D.inspects
6.All evidence relevant______the case should be gathered and analyzed.A.with
B.to
C.from
D.for
7.Come what______we'll go ahead with our plan.A.can
B.need
C.may
D.must
8.We should______primary importance to the development of economy.A.attach
B.convert
C.attribute
D.contribute
9.Examiners who are______to favorites are criticized by many people.A.indifferent
B.similar
C.equivalent
D.partial
10.Look for small ways to add activity to your day，like taking the stairs______the elevator or going on a short walk.A.in spite of
B.instead of
C.in terms of
D.in view of
II.Cloze Test（10 points，1 point each）
下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。.People produce food in many ways.Agriculture，or farming，developed j thousands of years ago.___11___about 100 years ago，most farmers in the United States Produced only enough food for their own___12___Today，modern equipment and farming methods have greatly ___13___the American farmer's productivity.In various parts of the world，people___14___many animals that supply meat and milk.Cattle，horses，goats，sheep，and pigs are important food animals.In the United States，the cow is the major source of milk products.Chickens___15___ people with both meat and eggs.Fishing is an important source of food，___16___in areas near the sea.Some countries，like Japan，consume much more fish than meat.The wealthy areas of the world consume the most food，___17___include the United States，Canada，and Europe.Many countries are able to import food if it cannot be produced at home.___18___Great Britain imports about 75percent of its meat，and grows less than half the food its people require.___19___people of the poor countries of the world usually eat only what they are able to produce themselves.In some parts of Asia，people live ___20___rice alone.11.A.In B.Until C.From D.for
12.A.needs B.reasons C.efforts D.interests
13.A.protected B.supported C.increased D.reflected
14.A.grow B.raise C.train D.store
15.A.prepare B.treat C.serve D.provide
16.A.certainly B.actually C.occasionally D.especially
17.A.these B.where C.which D.they
18.A.In addition B.For example C.Above all D.After all
19.A.However B.Therefore C.Moreover D.instead
20.A.with B.for C.on D.through
III.Reading Comprehension（30 points，2 points each）
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Lately it has become fashionable in America to question whether it is really worth it to go to college.According to a new survey released by the Pew Research Center，only 40 percent of Americans felt that colleges provided a good value for the cost.At the same time，86 percent of college graduates still felt the investment was a good one for them.There are a number of reasons for the widespread dissatisfaction with college.First，there are plenty of problems with higher education-poor quality and out-of-control costs are two of the biggest，Second，it is true that college is not for everyone.There are plenty of rewarding and important careers that do not require college.And due to the slow economy，there may in fact be more graduates than the current job market needs.Besides，anti-college sentiment is nothing new.Today，Microsoft's Bill Gates or Apple's Steve Jobs-both college dropouts-is often held up as evidence of why all that time sitting in class is better spent elsewhere.However，getting a college education is still a good idea.College graduates earn more，and are more likely to have a job in the first place.According to the statistics last year，the average weekly earnings for someone with some college but no degree were$712，compared to$1，038 for a college graduate.That is almost$17，000 over the course of a year and there is an even bigger divide for those with less education.Meanwhile，the unemployment rate was 9.2 percent for those with only some college and more than 10 percent for those with just a middle school degree，but it was 5.4 percent for college graduates.The economic gaps between college completers and those with less education are getting larger.Although most Americans surveyed by Pew feel doubtful about the value of a college degree，an overwhelming majority of parents Pew surveyed still expect their children to go to college.“It call be inferred that the increased doubt has not significantly influenced decision making，''Pew's Taylor says.”Despite the concern about rising costs and other problems，college remains a universal desire in this country.“
21.Recently many Americans question_____.A.the value of a college degree
B.the ability of college graduates
C.the quality of college education
D.the high cost of higher education
22.The passage tells US that Bill Gates was_____.A.a self-taught college student
B.a hardworking undergraduate
C.a successful college dropout
D.a successful college graduate
23.The writer seems to agree that_____.A.there is no need to go to college
B.anti-college sentiment is a new thing
C.college cannot guarantee employment
D.college education remains a wise choice
24.The unemployment rate for college graduates last Year was_____.A.5.4％
B.7.1％
C.9.2％
D.10％
25.The Pew survey implies that_____.A.the cost of college education will decrease
B.most Americans still favor college education
C.the quality of college education will improve
D.increased doubt affects parents'decision making
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.A major sociological（社会学的）theory known as symbolic interactionism（符
号互动论）offers some important clarification of how men and women are taught to fill different roles in society.The key concept in symbolic interactionism is that communication makes a big difference in behavior：people act on the basis of messages they receive from others，and how they understand those messages.This can be seen in a concept developed by sociologist Charles Horton Cooley known as the looking-glass self.By the looking-glass self，Cooley meant the self-image that each of us develops according to the messages we receive from others；we think and behave according to our understanding of those messages.If，for example，a young girl is repeatedly told that she is pretty，she will come to believe that（1）she is in fact pretty，and（2）being pretty is an important thing in her life.Similarly，if she is told that she is not good（or not expected to be good）at certain things（such as math）she will come to believe that she is not good at such things and would better off working at things she can be successful at.The likely product is a young woman who devotes a great deal of attention to her appearance，regards being pretty as a key to success in life，and who is intimidated by anything involving numbers.Since we know that young girls are given messages like these，and that young boys are given different messages，we can see a good part of how sex roles are taught.There is little or no evidence of differences in what young girls and young girls and boys can do，but the older children become，the greater the differences in the areas in which boys and girls are likely to stand out.26.Symbolic interactionism helps to explain______.A.how to make a difference in people's social behavior
B.how to make people understand different social roles
C.how men and women learn to communicate in society
D.how men and women learn to take different social roles
27.The ”looking-glass self'' concept offers a clue as to______.A.whether one can improve one's self-image
B.whether one is likely to succeed in an area
C.how one receives different social messages
D.how social messages shape one's self-image
28.The example of the young girl shows that______.A.women care more about appearance
B.women are inferior to men in numbers
C.people are liable to social expectations
D.people regard looks as a key to Success
29.The phrase “better off'（para.2）probably means——
A.more comfortable
B.more dependable
C.more respectable
D.more reasonable
30.Boys and girls are likely to stand out in different areas______.A.as they advance in age
B.as they grow in wisdom
C.as their interests diversify
D.as their capacities develop
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Since the beginning of the Internet era，it has been widely accepted that when you join an online company，whatever data you put into it belongs to you.That means you can sign up for one kind of email，import your contacts into that system，and if you later decide to switch to some other email service，you can export all your contacts from the first service into the new one.You can use Microsoft's Hotmail，then move to Yahoo Mail，then to Google's Gmail.Or you can have accounts on three services and keep all your contacts in each one.That' the way things were-until Facebook appeared.Facebook took a different approach Until recently，everything you put into Facebook could not be exported anywhere.In effect，you didn't own your data.Facebook did.Of course this is rubbish.The reality is that Facebook wants to make it difficult，if not impossible，for you to leave.Now that policy has sparked a fight between Google and Facebook.Google is angry because its users can，and often do，export their Gmail contact information into Facebook.But those people can't bring Facebook information back into Gmail.Earlier this month Google declared it would block exports of its data to Facebook.In a shameless move，Facebook broke through Google's roadblock so its users could keep pulling data from Google.Google said it was ”disappointed'' with Facebook's behavior.It also created a warning screen to tell Gmail users that if they export their information to Facebook they won't get it back.Basically，Facebook's position with major IT companies is this：if you want access to all the information we've collected，strike a deal with us.Microsoft and Yahoo have done that，and now，like magic，they can export Facebook contact information into their systems，while Google still can't.Remember the early days of the Net，when everything was going to be open and flee？ That was great until people realized that their user data could be turned into gold.Now there are billions involved，and nobody is playing nice anymore.31.Before Facebook appeared，people_______.A.had a limited number of accounts
B.enjoyed a completely free service
C.had limited access to their contacts
D.enjoyed full ownership of their data
32.It seems that Facebook's approach makes the writer rather_______.A.annoyed
B.assured
C.puzzled
D.pleased
33.Google is angry with Facebook due to the latter's refusal to_______.A.let its users use Gmail
B.offer technical support
C.share user information
D.protect user information
34.The passage indicates that Microsoft and Yahoo have_______.A.agreed to side with Google
B.accepted Facebook's terms
C.taken their own approaches
D.struck a deal with each other
35.According to the writer，the current state of the Net is_______.A.misleading
B.frustrating
C.promising
D.satisfying
2012年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
英语
（二）试卷
（课程代码0359）
PART TWO（50 POINTS）
IV.Word Spelling（10 points，1 point for two words）
将下列汉语单词译成英语。每个单词的词类、首字母及字母数目均已给出。请将完 整的单词写在答题纸上。
36.性格，品质 n.c_______
37.容忍，容许vt.t_______
38.几乎不 ad.h________
39.四月 n.A_______
40.干旱，旱灾 n，d_______
41.可靠的a.r__________
42.碰撞vi.c________
43.仪器；乐器n.i_______
44.适度的 a.m______
45.浅的 a.s_____
46.打哈欠 vi.y______
47.放射 n.r_______
48.直接地 ad.s_________
49.流利的 a.f___________
50.排除，排斥 vt.e________
51.百 num.h_______
52.急迫的 a.u_______
53.坦白地 ad.f_______
54.清白的 a.i_____
55.加强，巩固 vt.s_______
V.Word Form（10 points，1 point each）
将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。
56.Could you give me a quick__________（explain）for how it works？
57.Thomas Jefferson was a leading__________（create）of the U.S.Constitution.58.Scholars offer three related but different opinions about different opinions about the__________（mystery）origin and significance of these paintings.59.She sat by the fire and felt the__________（warm）spread through her body.60.The project is only__________（theory）workable.61.Boys are very much in the__________（minor）at the dance class.62.We took a contrary view，but we have to implement and（force]
the law passed by Congress.63.In addition to intelligence，we should develop__________（persist）in children.64.He is__________（habit）late for school；he is never on time.65.It would be completely__________（responsible）to use drugs on people that
had not been tested on animals.VI.Translation from Chinese into English（15 points，3 points each）
将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
66.今年热得很不寻常。
67.你一旦开始，就必须继续下去。
68.你需要更多的练习，这是很明显的。
69.要不是她的妈妈，她是读不完大学的。
70.最近的研究表明，白日做梦是日常生活的一部分。
VII.Translation from English into Chinese（15 points）
将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
Time is dangerous.If you don't control it，it will control you.If you don't make it work for you，it will work against you.You must become the master of time，not the servant.Study hard and play hard is an old proverb，but it still makes sense.You have plenty of time for classes，study and play if you use your time properly.It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study.The more time you waste，the easier it is to continue wasting time.Soon，doing nothing becomes a habit you can't break.It becomes a drug.When this happens，you lose your feeling of accomplishment.
第二篇：2010年安徽中考英语试题及答案
2010年安徽中考英语试题及答案
注意事项：
1．本试卷共四部分，十一大题，满分150分。考试时间为120分钟。
2．全卷共有试题卷8页，答题卷2页。请将答案填写在答题卷上。
3．考试结束后，请将试题卷和答题卷一并交回。
第二部分 英语知识运用(共三大题，满分55分)
VI.单项选择（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
31.--I need something for cutting the paper.--Oh, you want a knife? OK, I'll get ______ for you.A.it B.that C.this D.one
32.It's nice of you to ______ so much time showing me around your school.A.take B.spend C.cost D.have
33.--What time do you expect me back, Mum?
--Say, ______half an hour.A.at B.before C.in D.for
34.--Did you find the small village yesterday?
--Yes, without any difficulty, for it has ______ changed over years.A.hardly B.greatly C.clearly D.nearly
35.Bob promises to join in the football match ______ he has to help his parents on the farm.A.if B.as C.unless D.when
36.--I hope you don't mind my opening the window.--______ It's much too hot in here.A.Certainly B.Of course not
C.All right D.Never mind
37.--How can I ______ well with my lessons, Dad?
--Practice makes perfect.A.work on B.hold on C.get on D.keep on
38.There are so many kinds of computers in the shop.I really don't know ______ to choose.A.what B.which C.how D.where
39.--Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?
--Sorry, I know nothing about him.We are______.A.friends B.neighbors C.classmates D.strangers
40.--Do you often watch Man and Nature on TV?
--Sometimes.It's an interesting program, but I______ Sports News.A.prefer B.want C.enjoy D.miss
41.--Have you ever been to Shanghai, Mary?
--Yes.I _______ there for three clays with my parents last month.A.have gone B.have been C.went D.was
42.--Please bring little Tom next time you come to Anhui.--______, thank you.A.I will B.I hope so C.That's right D.My pleasure
43.--What will the weather be like tomorrow?
--It ______ be rainy, cloudy or sunny.Who knows?
A.must B.might C.shall D.should
44.--Are you going to the party?
--No, because I ______.A.have asked B.haven't asked
C.have been asked D.haven't been asked
45.The teacher asked the boy many questions, but he only answered ______ of them.A.some B.lots C.each D.few
46.--It seems that Alice never wants to do anything except draw pictures.--Right.That's what she likes to do ______.A.more B.less C.most D.least
47.--Why didn't you go to the cinema with us this afternoon?
--I ______ at the station for my uncle from Beijing.A.was waiting B.have waited C.am waiting D.will wait
48.--Dad, it's such a long way from our home to the park!
--You mean it's ______ to take a taxi?
A.popular B.necessary C.possible D.important
49.--Excuse me.May I use your eraser, please?
--Sure.______
A.Watch out!B.Well done!C.Go ahead.D.Follow me.50.I couldn't get through the door because there was a big box ______.A.by the way B.on the way C.out of the way D.in the way
VII.完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
A group of frogs were traveling through the forests, but unluckily two of them fell into a hole.The other frogs tried to help them.When they saw how 51 the hole was, they cried to the two frogs that they could not be saved.The two frogs didn't 52 and tried their best to jump up out of the hole.The other frogs 53 saying that they were sure to die.54, one of the two frogs, who heard what the other frogs were saying, 55.Then he fell down and died.The other frog, however, 56 to jump as hard as he could, and at last made it out.When he 57 , the other frogs asked, “Didn't you hear us?” The frog, who had a poor 58, explained, “I thought you were encouraging me all the timid.”
The story teaches us a 59 : There is power(力量)of life and death in the tongue.An 60 word to those who are down can help them out while a discouraging word can kill them.51.A.small B.deep C.big D.wide
52.A.care B.refuse C.insist D.think
53.A.kept B.finished C.practiced D.stopped
54.A.Luckily B.Finally C.Suddenly D.Happily
55.A.went on B.ran away C.jumped out D.gave up
56.A.happened B.continued C.planned D.wanted
57.A.got out B.ran away C.got off D.woke up
58.A.smelling B.eyesight C.hearing D.looking
59.A.way ]3.skill C.sentence D.lesson
60.A.interesting B.exciting C.excellent D.encouraging
B
Everybody dreams.Some people think dreams can tell us about the future.Other people think dreams tell us about ourselves.It's like our 61 is talking to us.Why are dreams 62 strange and hard to understand? Some people think our brain uses 63 to talk to us.When
we fly, swim, or fall down in our dreams, it has a 64 meaning.Lots of doctors help people 65 their dreams.They find that dreams tell us about our 66 and fears.These days, many scientists 67 that dreams are very important.During the day, we have many 68, and our brain receives a lot of information.When we dream, our brain 69 information that is not important, and puts the most important information into our 70.As we learn more about the brain, we may find answers to our questions about dreams.61.A.body B.spirit C.brain D.heart
62.A.never B.seldom C.ever D.often
63.A.symbols B.examples C.numbers D.pictures
64.A.special B.serious C.similar D.great
65.A.finish B.forget C.understand D.continue
66.A.hopes B.rights C.positions D.abilities
67.A.reply B.believe C.doubt D.worry
68.A.experiences B.dreams C.mistakes D.inventions
69.A.passes on B.looks into C.throws away D.asks for
70.A.feelings B.stories C.lives D.memories
VIII.补全对话（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
根据对话内容，从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A: What's the date today?
B: It's June 16.A: 71 Then it's Dragon Boat Festival today, isn't it?
B: Yes.72
A: Did you have rice dumplings this morning?
B: Sure.7A: I didn't.B: What a pity!But I happen to have got some with me.7A: I'd love to.By the way, why do you call it Dragon Boat, Festival?
B: Because in China, people race dragon boats this day every year.A: Oh, I see.7B: You are welcome.A.We Chinese usually eat rice dumplings this day.B.I hate eating rice dumplings.C.Thank you for your rice dumpling.D.I don't think so.E.Would you like to have one?
F.Already?
G.How about you?
IX.阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Living in a foreign culture can be exciting, but it can also be confusing(令人迷惑的).A group of Americans who taught English in other countries recently discussed their experiences.They decided that miscommunications were always possible, even over something as simple as “yes” and “no”.On her first day in Micronesia, an island in the Pacific, Lisa thought people weren't paying any attention to her.The day was hot.She went into a store and asked, “Do you have cold drinks.The woman there didn't say anything.Lisa repeated the question.Still the Woman said nothing.She later learned that the woman had answered her: She had raised her eyebrows(眉毛), which in Micronesia means ”yes“.Jan remembered an experience she had in Bulgaria, a country in Europe.She went to a restaurant that was known for its cabbage.She asked the waiter, ”Do, you have cabbage today?“ He nodded his head.Jan waited, but the cabbage never came.In that country, a nod means no.Tom had a similar problem when he arrived in India.After explaining something in class, he asked his students if they understood.They answered with many different nods and shakes of the head.He thought some people had not understood, so he explained again.When he asked again, they did the same thing~ He soon found out that his students did understand.In India, people nod and shake their heads in different ways depending on where they come from.You have to know where a person is from to understand whether they mean ”yes“ or ”no“.76.These Americans teaching English in other countries found that they ______.A.should go abroad for vacations
B.needed to learn foreign languages
C.should often discuss their experiences
D.had problems with communications
77.People in Micronesia show ”yes“ by ____.A.nodding heads B.raising eyebrows
C.shaking heads D.saying ”no“
78.Tom misunderstood his class at first because
A.he did not know much about Indian culture
B.he didn't explain everything clearly enough
C.some students didn't understand his questions
D.he didn't know where the students came from
79.Which of the following is TRUE according to(根据)this passage?
A.In Bulgaria, nodding heads means no.B.Jan taught English on a Pacific island.C.Lisa was trying to buy some cabbage.D.In India, only shaking heads means ”YES“.80.The passage is mainly about _____.A.body language in foreign restaurants
B.class discussion in Indian schools
C.miscommunication in different cultures
D.English teaching in other countries
B
Once there was a piano player in a bar(酒吧).People came just to hear him play.But one night, a lady asked him to sing a song.”I don't sing,“ said the man.But the lady told the waiter, ”I'm tired of listening to the piano.I want the player to sing!
The waiter shouted across the room, “Hey, friend!If you want to get paid, sing a song!'
So he did.He had never sung in public before.Now he was singing for the very first time!Nobody had ever heard the song Mona Lisa sung so beautifully!
He had talent(天赋)he was sitting on!He may have lived the rest of his life as a no-name piano player in a no-name bar.But once he found, by accident, that he could sing well, he went on working hard and became one of the best-known singers in the US.His name was Nat King Cole.You, too, have skills and abilities.You may not feel that your talent is great, but it may be better than you think.With hard work, most skills can be improved.Besides, you may have no success at all ff you just sit on your talent.81.The lady asked the player to sing a song because _____.A.she had paid him for this B.she knew him very well
C.she wanted to have a change D.she enjoyed his singing
82.Nat King Cole succeeded because _____.A.the lady helped him a lot B.he caught the chance
C.he continued to play in the bar D.he stopped playing the piano
83.The words ”sit on“ in the passage probably mean”
A.fail to realize B.forget to use
C.try to develop D.manage to show
84.From the story we know if you have some talent, you should _____.A.hide it and wait B.ask others for help
C.pay no attention to it D.work hard to improve yourself
85.Which could be the best title(标题)for the passage?
A.Sing in the Bar B.Achieve Success in Life
C.Never Lose Heart D.Find Your Hidden Talent
C
Questionnaire
Read the questions and answer YES or NO, then you will find out how good you are.1.When you don t understand something, you ask questions.□
2.You like listening to older people talk about the post.□
3.You think that you con learn something interesting from everyone around you.□
4.You ore brave enough when you have to talk to people you don't know.□
5.You enjoy reading books about famous people.□
6.You always see and talk to different people.□
7.You are interested in learning new ways of doing things.□
8.You enjoy shying experiences with friends and learning from people of all ages.□
9.You talk o lot about yourself.□
10.Even if you ore often wrong, you make your own decisions.□
11.You hate teaching what you are good at: sports, technology, whatever.□
12.Your parents don't understand you, so you don't talk to them much.□
SCORE NOW!
Score 2 points if you answer YES to each of tile first 8 questions, and 0 if you choose NO.Score 2 points if you answer NO to each of the last 4 questions, and 0 if you choose YES.18--24.You are friendly and open-minded.You make people feel important by listening to what they have to say.You'll probably succeed in learning al1 kinds of interesting things.Good for you!
10--16 Remember that every single person you know can teach you something.You will greatly make your life rich and colorful.0-8 About 400 years ago, a famous writer wrote, “No man is an island.” This is still mm today.Try to be more open and interested in people around you.86.If you say “YES” to all these questions, you'll get ____ points.A.12 B.16 C.20 D.24
87.When you score 22 points, you are _____.A.shy and nervous B.silent and serious
C.open and friendly D.brave and strong
88.The writer thinks you should _____.A.always see and talk to the same people
B.make your Own decision whenever you want
C.enjoy teaching what you are good at
D.talk much about yourselves when possible
89.“No man is an island.” in the text probably means that _____.A.the famous writer was very clever
B.everything is the same as 400 years ago
C.you will feel lonely if on an island
D.you can not live alone in the world
90.The questions are used to test whether you are willing to __
A.learn from others B.help other people
C.do all by yourself D.depend on others
D
http://www.xiexiebang.com/ Doctor Seuss was born in 1904.By the middle 1950s, he had become one of the best-loved and most successful children's book writers in the world.His books are very popular with young readers.They enjoy the invented words and the pictures of unusual funny animals and plants.In 1954, life magazine published(刊登)a report about school children who could not read.The report said many children's books were not interesting.Doctor Seuss strongly hoped to help children and decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read.He used words with the same ending sound, like fish and wish.He did not receive training in art.Yet, he drew the pictures for most of his books.In 1957, Dr.Seuss wrote The Cat in the Hat.He used less than 230 words to write the book and even a six-year-old should be able to read it.It was a fun story and easy to read.Children loved it.Their parents loved it, too.Today it is still one of the stories they like best.The success of The Cat in the Hat made him want to write more books for children.In 1960, he wrote a book using less than fifty words.The book is called Green Eggs and Ham.In 1984, Doctor Seuss won a Pulitzer Prize(普利策奖).He was honored for the education and enjoyment his books provided American children and their parents.He died at the age of 87, but his influence remains.Millions of his books have been sold worldwide.People say his books helped change the way American children learned to read.Yet, his books are loved by people of all ages.Doctor Seuss once said, "I do not write for children.I write for people.91.Doctor Seuss learned from the magazine that _______.A.some school children could not read
B.many children's books were interesting
C.children wanted to learn to read
D.a writer for children was wanted
92.People like his books because the books ______.A.are cheap and easy to get
B.were written in different languages
C.are easy and interesting to read
D.were written with invented words
93.He wrote the book The Cat in the Hat at the age of _____.A.50 B.53 C.56 D.87
94.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Doctor Seuss wrote Green Eggs and Ham with over 230 words.B.Doctor Seuss wrote books only for children in the United States.C.The Cat in the Hat was written only for six-year-old children.D.His books provided education and enjoyment for Americans.95.From the text we know that Doctor Seuss __________.A.won a Pulitzer Prize soon after his death
B.sold millions of his books himself worldwide
C.changed American children's way of reading
D.wrote the largest number of books in the world
X.单词拼写（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
根据首字母及汉语提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意通顺。
96.Do you think this kind of water is s_____(安全)for drinking?
97.He is writing on the blackboard with a piece of c_____(粉笔).98.Our teachers are all very s_____(严格)with us students.99.Tom i_____(邀请)all his best friends to his birthday party last Sunday.100.We have to d_____(携带)a lot of books in our school bags every day.XI.书面表达（共1小题；满分20分）
假定你叫张华，最近从报纸上得知美国某公司将在你的家乡建一座工厂，请给该公司写封电子邮件。要点如下：
●表示欢迎：有利于家乡发展等；
●感到担忧：造成环境污染等；
●希望了解有关环保措施及更多信息。
注意：1．词数80-100；
2．请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥以使行文连贯；
3．邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考答案
VI.31-35 DBCAC 36-40 BCBDA 41-45 DABDA 46-50 CABCD
VII.51-55 BAABD 56-60 BACDD 61-65 CDAAC 66-70 ABACD
VIII.71-75 FAGEC
IX.76-80 DBAAC 81-85 CBADD 86-90 BCCDA 91~95 ACBDC
X.96.safe 97.chalk 98.strict 99.invited 100.carry
XI.One possible version
Dear Sir or Madam，I am a middle school student.I have recently learned from the newspaper that you are going to build a factory here in my hometown.There is no doubt that it is good for the development of my hometown and it will provide us with more jobs.Most of us stand by the program.However, some of us are worried that the factory will make much noise and pollute the environment of the area.I would like to know whether you have any plans for the environment protection.Would you please offer us more information about it?
I'm looking forward to hearing from you.Yours faithfully, Zhang Hua
第三篇：2007年高考英语试题及参考答案(安徽卷)
Vocabulary
and are unpleasantly surprised of fina a higher price.military actions.in horror when a young man suddenly appeared with a
gun from her back.24.The young driver looked over the engine carefully it should go wrong on the way.25.Stress can be extremely damaging to your health.Exercise, reduce its effect.26.The first mobile phones were heavy andto use, but nowadays they are much easier to handle.my trust.28.Japanese banks, once competitors in the British banking market, have all but disappeared.conclusions!
office within 28 days.bring it back.the surface of the subject, it has already
sparked a nationwide debate.taxi pulled up.34.The local government has given priority to the construction of infrastructure so as to attract more forign.in the US is developing a new type of car that runs on solar energy.37.The repair cost almost doubles what I thought it would.I reallyhow much damage was done.38.She suffers from periods of deep when she locks herself away and will speak to no one for weeks.39.Hundreds of workers saton the factory floor waiting for the assembly line to start again.more information on prehistoric man?
.Phrases and Expressions
41.Some people think that most pills offer either no real improvement or, atbest, only moderate improvements.misinforming the people.the criticism, claiming he is working for the taxpayers, not special interest groups.44.I couldn’t remember a fairy story to tell the children, so I one as I went along.45.There were moments when I wondered:Did she do this ,or was it all just a game?
46.Whatever you do, don’some difficulty.47.We must make sure that we new developments in computer technology, otherwise we will soon lag behind.48.On weekends we are usually allowed toto watch TV.49.We’,and it appears there’s nothing we can do about that.50.Serious vio violence hasthe conflict over insignificant, irritating differences.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.61.After all, money is not everything.The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.毕竟金钱不是万能的，最富有的人不一定是最幸福的62.It’s no good waiting for the bus.We might as well walk home.这样等公车是没有用的，我们不妨走回家吧
63.I’m grateful for the time we spent together.Wish you a bright future.我很感谢我们在一起的时光。祝你有个美好的未来
64.If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airpor.如果我知道你要回来的话，我就会去机场接你了
65.Philip might have been injured seriously in the car accident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤
Practical Writing
Directions: Write a diary(日记)about yourself.You may write down anything as you want to say.Pay attention to the correct form of the diary.
第四篇：事业单位准考证打印-安徽自考准考证打印
事业单位准考证打印-安徽自考准考
证打印
2016年安徽六安霍邱县事业单位招考准考证打印
华图网校：
2016年安徽六安霍邱县事业单位招考准考证打印
2016年安徽六安霍邱县事业单位招聘399人公告、报名注意事项、职位表考等最新资讯请点击：
行测、申论在线做题、搜题“神器”---
一、准考证领取
报考人员于6月22日至6月23日到原报名处，即霍邱县公共就业和社会保障服务中心二楼(东湖路100号)领
取笔试准考证。
二、笔试
1、公共基础类科目：
(1)应聘管理岗位的人员考《公共基础知识(一)》，该科目满分为120分。主要内容：政治、经济、法律、人文、管理、国情省情等常识、判断推理、言语理解与表达、写作;
(2)应聘专业技术岗位的人员(含教师类)考《公共基础知识(二)》，该科目满分为120分。主要内容：政治、经济、法律、人文、自然、科技、国情省情等常识、判断推理、资料分析、英语、写作。
2、专业测试类科目：
(1)应聘教师类岗位的人员考《教师岗位知识测试》，该科目满分为120分。主要内容：教育学综合知识、心理学综合知识、教育法规、教师道德修养等。
(2)应聘计生、卫生专业技术类岗位的人员考相应《专业知识测试》(具体见《一览表》)，该类科目满分均为120
分。主要内容：招聘岗位所需的相应专业知识，考试命题参照普通高校相应层次、相应专业现行通用教材。
华图网校：
(3)报考畜牧兽医专业技术岗位的人员考《畜牧兽医专业知识》。该科目满分为120分。主要内容：招聘岗位所需的专业知识，考试命题参照普通高校相应层次、相应专业现行通用教材。
(4)应聘其他事业单位的人员(含卫生、畜牧类管理岗位)的人员考《职业能力测试》，该科目满分为120分。
3、笔试时间、地点：
笔试时间：2016年6月28日上午。
8：00-10：00 《职业能力测试》、《教师岗位知识测试》、《专业知识测试》
10：30-12：00 《公共基础知识(一)》
《公共基础知识(二)》
笔试地点：设在霍邱县城关镇，具体考点考场见准考证。
4、笔试合成成绩：
报考教师类招聘岗位的按《公共基础知识(二)》和《教师岗位知识测试》笔试分数4:6的比例先行计算笔试合成成绩排序;报考专业技术类招聘岗位的按《公共基础知识(二)》和《专业知识测试》笔试分数4:6的比例先行计算笔试合成成绩排序;报考管理类岗位的按《公共基础知识(一)》和《职业能力测试》笔试分数4:6的比例先行计算笔试合成成绩排序。
为确保新进人员素质，设定合成后的笔试合成成绩最低合格分数线为60分(报考书法、体育类专业及农村幼儿园教师岗位的为50分)，对合成后的笔试合成成绩达不到最低合格分数线者不得进入下一环节。
华图网校：
5、加分政策：
报考非服务基层项目岗位的“服务基层项目人员”于笔试结束后3个工作日内携带相关证件(证书、证明材料)到霍邱县人社局事业单位人事管理股(县人社
局大楼五楼506房间)申请加分，逾期不再受理。其中，大学生“村官”应提供由省级主管部门出具的服务证书原件和复印件;“特岗教师”应提供由省级教育主管部门出具的农村义务教育阶段学校教师特设岗位计划教师服务证书原件和复印件;“三支一扶”人员应提供由全国“三支一扶”工作协调管理办公室监制、省级“三支一扶”工作协调管理机构出具的高校毕业生“三支一扶”服务证书原件和复印件;大学生服务西部志愿者应提供由共青团中央统一制作的服务证和大学生志愿服务西部计划鉴定表原件和复印件。对经审核符合加分条件的人员，由霍邱县人社局在霍邱网、霍邱县人力资源和社会保障局网、霍邱教育网、霍邱县卫生局网等网站公示3天。对公示无异议的考生，按规定程序给予每门笔试成绩加2分(笔试成绩合成前)。2016上半年安徽教师资格证笔试准考证打印时间
2016上半年安徽教师资格证笔试准考证打印
2016上半年安徽教师资格证准考证打印入口(未开通)
2016上半年安徽教师资格证笔试公告预计在2016年12月底发布，网上报名时间为1月中下旬，笔试时间3月中旬。中公安徽教师资格网为广大考生及时整理2016上半年安徽教师资格证准考证打印入口，详情如下：
2016上半年安徽省教师资格证考试资讯汇总(笔试+面试)
更多安徽教师考试信息请收藏安徽教师招考网 安徽教师资格考试网
2016年安徽教师资格证考试每日一练48期(视频版)
【精选试题】
影响学前儿童游戏的个体因素主要有哪些?
【视频解析】
【每日一练】
1.“宽著期限，紧著课程”是()的语言。
A.孔子 B.韩愈 C.朱熹 D.王夫子
2.“将符号所代表的新知识与学习者认知结构中已有的适当观念，建立起非人为的和实质性的联系”的学习方式属于()。
A.接受学习B.意义学习C.发现学习D.机械学习
3.可以用来回答事物“是什么”、“为什么”和“怎么样”的问题，可用来区别和辨别事物的一类知识，在知识的类别中具体指的是()。
A.感性知识 B.理性知识 C.陈述性知识 D.程序性知识
4.个体遇到挫折时，表现出与年龄，身份不相符的幼稚行为，这种心理防御机制称为()。
A.否认 B.压抑 C.转移 D.退行
5.在教“鸟”概念时，用麻雀、燕子说明“前肢为翼，无齿有喙”是鸟概念的本质特征，这是适当地运用了()。
A.命题 B.案例 C.反例 D.正例
6.我们从电话簿上查到一个电话号码，就能根据记忆去拨号，但事过之
后就记不得这个号码了，这种记忆类型是()。
A.感觉记忆 B.长时记忆 C.短时记忆 D.动作记忆
7.“儿童是一张白纸，成人可以在上面随意图画。”这个观点反应的是儿童发展的()。
A.内生论 B.外铄论 C.主体论 D.差异论中公教育提供
8.“从社会发展需要出发办教育，注重培养合格的公民”所体现的教育目的论是()。
A.个人本位论 B.宗教本位论 C.社会本位论 D.兴趣本位论
9.人的全面发展是指()。
A.达到三好标准 B.各门学科全部优良
C.兴趣和特长的发展 D.德智体美劳五育的全面发展
10.下列选项中，说明了语义记忆和情景记忆的区别是()
A.记住“psychology”的中文意思和
记住“psychology”这个单词怎么拼写
B.记得自己五年级的班主任名字和记得怎样选择聊天软件
C.记住“孺子”的意思和记得前年校庆晚会上教师合唱节目
D.记得怎样使用PPT制作多媒体和记得曾经教过哪些学生
参考答案：2016年安徽教师资格证考试每日一练48期答案(视频版)
更多安徽教师资格证考试题库请收藏中公教师资格题库安徽2016下半年事业单位统考准考证打印时间
安徽2016下半年事业单位统考准考证打印时间
链接：http:///anhui/20160911/47407_
各位考生：
2016下半年安徽事业单位招聘考试公告【统考】陆续发布，本次采用网络报名的方式进行报名，报名网站为安徽省人事考试网。考生于10月9日8：00至10月11日直接从安徽省人事考试
网下载打印准考证，按准考证上指定的时间、地点，携带准考证和本人有效身份证参加笔试。
为方便考生报名，安徽中公教育为大家提供快捷报名入口，有意向报考的同学可以收藏此页面，准考证打印入口将于10月9日8点开通。
2016下半年安徽事业单位招聘考试准考证打印入口
网上报名：9月18日9:00至9月22日16:00
资格审查：9月24日18:00前
网上缴费：9月24日18:00前
取消职位改报：9月26日10:00至16:00
准考证打印：10月09日8:00至10月11日
考试时间、地点
统考公共科目笔试时间为 2016年10月12日上午 9:00-11:30;
统考专业科目笔试时间为 2016年10月12日下午 14:00-16:00。
相关练习：
4、下列有关股指期货的说法错误的是()
A股指期货是指以某种股票指数为基础资产的标准化合约
B股指期货买卖双方交易的是一定时期后的股票价格水平
C目前我国股指期货的标的是沪深300股指期货合约
D股指期货是一种金融衍生品
5、下列有关股指期货的说法错误的是()
A股指期货是一种基础性风险管理工具
B股指期货最基本的功能是套期保值规避风险
C利用股指期货只能规避股市的非系统性风险，对系统性风险无能为力 D股指期货也是一种投资工具，极具投机性
热点二：通货膨胀
通货膨胀方面的考点比较多，如通
货膨胀的含义，衡量指标，类型及成因等。考生应重点掌握通货膨胀的含义。
6、下列有关通货膨胀的叙述正确的是()
A通货膨胀主要发生在纸币流通条件下，金属货币流通条件下也可能发生 B在通货膨胀时，商品的物价水平会持续上涨，劳务价格的水平不会上涨 C季节性物价上涨也是通货膨胀
D在通货膨胀时，货币会贬值
【答案】4B 5C 6D2016年安徽阜阳市直事业单位招考准考证打印
2016年安徽阜阳市直事业单位招考准考证打印
2016年安徽阜阳市市直事业单位招聘人员公告、报名注意事项、职位表考等最新资讯请点击：http:///news/20160605/
行测、申论在线做题、搜题“神器”---砖题库：http:///
一、准考证打印
考生于 7月 9日 9： 00开始直
接从阜阳人事考试网下载打印准考证，按准考证上指定的时间、地点，携带准考证和本人有效身份证参加笔试。
二、笔试
(一)笔试科目和内容
为增加考试科学性，满足各招聘单位需求，2016市直事业单位公开招聘统考笔试采取“ 1+X”的考试模式，“ 1”为公共科目，即综合知识;“ X”为申论等 5个专业科目(专业科目目录见附件 2)。
综合知识的主要内容：语文基础知识、计算机基础知识、公文处理、职业能力测试。
专业科目考试的主要内容：招聘岗位所需的主要专业基础知识等。
(二)笔试时间和地点
笔试时间：
2016 年 7月 12日上午 8:00-9:30 《综合知识》 月 12日上午 10:00-12:00 《专业基础知识》
笔试地点：考点设在阜阳市(具体
地点见笔试准考证)。
(三)笔试成绩
上述考试科目满分均为 120分。综合知识占 40%、专业基础知识占 60%，两项合成后为笔试总成绩。
笔试结束后于 7月 25日在阜阳人事考试网 /阜阳人事人才网公布笔试成绩。
试卷命制及阅卷评分工作由市委组织部、市人社局统一组织实施。
为确保新进人员基本素质，设定笔试统考最低控制合格分数线。统考笔试成绩达到 60分，报考艺术及体育类专业岗位的应聘人员，笔试成绩须达到 50分，方可进入下一轮程序。
(四)加分政策
“服务基层项目”人员，按规定执行加分政策。上述人员于 2016年 7月 16日 8： 00-17： 30(上班时间)，携带相关证书到市人力资源和社会保障局事业单位人事管理科(阜王路 185号，劳动大楼四楼，联系电话： 0558-2273009)申报
加分事宜。大学生“村官”应提供由省级组织部门出具的大学生村官服务证书原件和复印件;“特岗教师”应提供由省级教育主管部门出具的农村义务教育阶段学校教师特设岗位计划教师服务证书原件和复印件;“三支一扶”人员应提供由全国“三支一扶”工作协调管理办公室监制、省级“三支一扶”工作协调管理机构出具的高校毕业生“三支一扶”服务证书原件和复印件;大学生服务西部志愿者应提供由共青团中央统一制作的服务证和大学生志愿服务西部计划鉴定表原件和复印件。对经审核符合加分条件的人员，由市委组织部、市人力资源和社会保障局在相关网站向社会公示 5天，公示无异议的，按规定程序将其统考公共科目笔试成绩、专业科目笔试成绩各增加 2分。
三、资格复审
报考阜阳商校、阜阳农机培训班、阜阳工业经济学校、阜阳农校、阜阳农业干部学校、阜阳卫校、阜阳技师学院、阜阳市一职高等招聘人员的，按照应聘
人员统考笔试成绩从高分到低分顺序，根据本单位招聘岗位数量，按照 3： 1比例确定各招聘岗位参加面试的人员名单，并进行资格复审。最后一名如有数名考生笔试成绩相同的，一并确定为参加面试人选。
报考市直其他事业单位的，根据笔试总成绩从高分到低分顺序，笔试总成绩相同的以专业基础知识成绩排序，按照 1： 1比例确定各招聘岗位资格复审人员名单。
资格复审依据招聘公告规定的报考资格条件和应聘人员网上报名时提供的照片与信息，对照市考试院提供的《考场座次表》上的考生照片与信息。凡与报考资格条件要求不符或不能按规定提供证件材料的，取消其复审资格。由此出现人选缺额的，依笔试成绩从高分到低分，依次等额递补。
参加资格复审的人员，请在规定的时间内到所报考单位主管局人事科进行资格复审。资格复审时，报考人员应提
供以下证件、材料：
(1)属全日制 2016年应届毕业生的，须提供本人有效居民身份证原件、学生证原件、报名资格审查表和所在学校盖章的毕业生就业推荐表等材料。
(2)属社会人员的，须提供本人有效居民身份证原件、学历(学位)证书、招聘岗位规定要求的相关证书(证件)原件和报名资格审查表等材料。其中属在编正式工作人员的，需按人事管理权限提供单位和主管部门同意报考的证明。
上述人员中，属已修完教学计划规定全部课程、各科成绩合格、2016年毕业但尚未取得毕业证书的非全日制学历教育的人员，可凭学校或省、市负责自学考试、成人教育等工作的教育主管部门出具的该学历层次、毕业时间以及
“ 2016年毕业，已修完教学计划规定全部课程，各科成绩合格，毕业证书待发”的书面证明和各科“成绩单”，及有关证件材料办理报考资格复审。
资格复审合格的报考人员，由主管
局在资格审查表上盖章同意，资格复审不合格的取消其资格，在规定时间内，按笔试成绩从高分到低分等额递补。2016下半年安徽事业单位统考准考证打印时间
2016下半年安徽事业单位统考准考证打印时间
链接：http:///anhui/20160911/47407_
各位考生：
2016下半年安徽事业单位招聘考试公告【统考】陆续发布，本次采用网络报名的方式进行报名，报名网站为安徽省人事考试网。考生于10月9日8：00至10月11日直接从安徽省人事考试网下载打印准考证，按准考证上指定的时间、地点，携带准考证和本人有效身份证参加笔试。
为方便考生报名，安徽中公教育为大家提供快捷报名入口，有意向报考的同学可以收藏此页面，准考证打印入口将于10月9日8点开通。
2016下半年安徽事业单位招聘考试准考证打印入口
网上报名：9月18日9:00至9月22日16:00
资格审查：9月24日18:00前
网上缴费：9月24日18:00前
取消职位改报：9月26日10:00至16:00
准考证打印：10月09日8:00至10月11日
考试时间、地点
统考公共科目笔试时间为 2016年10月12日上午 9:00-11:30;
统考专业科目笔试时间为 2016年10月12日下午 14:00-16:00。
相关练习：
4、下列有关股指期货的说法错误的是()
A股指期货是指以某种股票指数为基础资产的标准化合约
B股指期货买卖双方交易的是一定时期后的股票价格水平
C目前我国股指期货的标的是沪深300股指期货合约
D股指期货是一种金融衍生品
5、下列有关股指期货的说法错误的是()
A股指期货是一种基础性风险管理工具
B股指期货最基本的功能是套期保值规避风险
C利用股指期货只能规避股市的非系统性风险，对系统性风险无能为力 D股指期货也是一种投资工具，极具投机性
热点二：通货膨胀
通货膨胀方面的考点比较多，如通货膨胀的含义，衡量指标，类型及成因等。考生应重点掌握通货膨胀的含义。
6、下列有关通货膨胀的叙述正确的是()
A通货膨胀主要发生在纸币流通条件下，金属货币流通条件下也可能发生 B在通货膨胀时，商品的物价水平会
持续上涨，劳务价格的水平不会上涨 C季节性物价上涨也是通货膨胀
D在通货膨胀时，货币会贬值
【答案】4B 5C 6D
第五篇：安徽师范大学自考教育学专业毕业论文
安徽师范大学自考教育学专业毕业论文
浅析转化后进生的策略
作 者: 李 春 霞 学 校：安 徽 师 范 大 学 专 业： 教 育 学 指导教师： 李 宜 江 答辩日期：2007年10月5日-6日 成 绩：
论文提纲
一、后进生的四种类型及其特点 ㈠学习暂时性困难的后进生
㈡智力水平、能力水平不足的后进生 ㈢学习动力不足的后进生 ㈣整体性较差的后进生
二、后进生产生的原因 ㈠后进生产生的内因
1、自身的体质原因
2、自身的心理原因
3、自身的学习动机原因 ㈡后进生产生的外因
1、学校方面的原因
2、社会方面的 原因
3、家庭方面的原因
三、转化后进生的策略
㈠对后进生有正确的态度、有效的方法（爱、严、细、耐心是做好后进生转化工作的四要素）
㈡优化后进生的心理环境和学习环境，关注后进生的心理健康 ㈢创设后进生转化条件，促其转化
㈣转化后进生，要循序渐进，持之以恒
浅析转化后进生的策略
李春霞
安徽省宿州市技工学校 234000
摘要：在职业类学校里，学生的组成比较复杂，他们之中有要学一技之长的、有在外打工多年的、有父母无法管教的、有不想升入高中的等等，真正想学习的学生不太多，按照我们通常的教育理论来说，他们大多数都属于学习的兴趣、态度、方法、习惯欠佳，学习困难较多的学生，即后进生。在职业教育飞速发展的今天，如何做好职业类学校后进生的转化工作，已经变得尤其重要。关键词：转化 后进生 策略 一位教育学家曾这样说过：“如果对待后进生热情而不冷淡，亲切而不疏远，帮助而不嫌弃，那么很多后进生就会转变自己的不良心境，形成良好的心态，并逐步进入合格或先进的行列。”那么什么样的学生是后进生呢？后进生一般指的是与先进状态、中间状态的学生相比较而言，那些知识能力低下，学习的兴趣、态度、方法、习惯欠佳，学习困难较多的学生。对这类学生如果教育得法,就可能发使后进生变先进.素质教育要求我们大面积提高教学质量，面向全体学生,不留死角，就必须做好后进生的转化工作，,因此转化后进生必须引起每一位教育工作者的高度重视,尤其是工作在教育第一线的班主任,他们如何对待、关注这一群体，对后进生的转化工作尤其重要。本文试图从后进生的类型及其特点、产生的根源、转化后进生的策略这三个方面阐述教育工作者如何做好后进生的 转化工作。
一、后进生的四种类型及其特点
㈠第一类后进生是学习暂时性困难的学生
这类后进生的能力及个性特征正常，各方面的能力均属中等水平，其成绩差的原因主要是非智力因素造成的，他们通常比较调皮、贪玩、精力不集中、意志力较差，任性、情绪低沉，常常受外界不良诱惑所支配，情绪变化的幅度较大。如：家庭经济条件不稳定，家长的教育比较粗暴、家庭的结构突然改变、意外重大事故的影响、周围的人际关系紧张、或父母的期望值过高，这些都会导致学生的学习积极性受到抑制，难以取得较好的学习效果。
㈡第二类后进生是智力能力水平不足的学生
这类后进生的思维能力、语言表达能力、理解能力都比较低，但是他们的学习习惯较好，意志较强，学习比较勤奋，但由于智力水平不足，学习进步较慢，时间一久，会渐渐地消磨掉他们的学习兴趣，以致学习很难保持稳定。
㈢第三类后进生是学习动力水平不足的学生
学生基础知识差，信心不足，看问题粗枝大叶，是非观念比较模糊，理解能力低，以致在学习上没有计划，一切学习过程都在盲目、被动的状态下进行，很难取得良好的学习效果。
㈣第四类后进生是整体性较差的学生
这类学生学习差，纪律差，往往被学校认为是“害群之马”经常受到老师和同学的歧视。
二、后进生产生的原因
㈠后进生产生的内因
⒈自身的体质原因：学生体质差，身体健康状况不好，精神不振，以致学习起来精力不充沛。
⒉自身的心理原因：由于长期处于后进状态，思维僵化，不活跃，平时功夫下得不少，但学习成绩不理想，感觉自己在同学老师面前抬不起头，心情长期压抑苦闷，导致学习滑坡。
㈡后进生产生的外因
1、学校方面的原因
学校教育思想不端正，重视智育，轻视德育，后进生往往成了学校被遗忘的角落，没人管，没人问。很多老师对优等生表现出过多的热情和喜爱，冷落、歧视后进生甚至在言语、行为上表现出挖苦、打击的痕迹，使后进生在心理上产生严重的失落感和自卑感，进而后进生之间组合成小团体，抽烟、喝酒、打架斗殴，久而久之，他们就失去了对学习的欲望。
2、社会方面的 原因
改革开放以来，一些不健康的境外电影、电视、录象、报刊及腐朽的生活方式大量涌入，不可避免对学生的心灵造成各种侵害。社会上的各种不良风气与给学校的德育教育形成很大的反差，学生很容易迷失自己。
4、家庭方面的原因
⑴近年来，学生中独生子女较多，家庭环境及学习条件都比较优越，家长的注意力侧重于子女的健康和智力的培养、开发上，很少注意到对孩子的良好心理、品德的培养与塑造，使他们在潜移默化中认为学与不学无关紧要，对学习没有热情。
⑵生长在贫困及偏远地区的学生，家庭环境较差，生活极其困难，甚至于不能解决温饱问题，导致家长无心送子女上学。
⑶一些父母由于工作较忙，教育子女机会不多，把教育全部依赖于学校，在课外他们很容易受社会上坏风气、坏朋友的诱惑，沾染不良的品德和行为习惯，对学习无兴趣。
三、转化后进生的策略
㈠对后进生有正确的态度、有效的方法
爱、严、细、耐心是做好后进生转化工作的四要素
1、爱”字出发。爱心，是班主任做好后进生转化工作的重要前提。社会心理学研究表明，人际关系中有一种互相回报的倾向，假如你对一个人表现出爱，他也会以爱回报你，反之，你轻视一个人，他也会对你报以敌意，班主任与后进生的关系也是如此。作为一个班主任，必须从“爱”字出发，让爱唤醒后进生的心扉，达到理解的双向交流，使他们时时处处感受到被爱的幸福与自豪，成为改错争先的动力，从而激起学生较强的学习积极性、进取心。
2、“严”字要求。教育工作者对后进生要“有原则，不迁就，不放纵，不溺爱，关心爱护与严格要求相统一。”教师对学生的要求，必须从学生的实际出发，而不应当想当然，许多以“这是为学生好”为理由作出的决定，往往是脱离学生实际，甚至可能是违背他们的身心发展规律的，严格要求学生就要避免这种情况的出现。[]成有信.教育学原理[M]，广东高等教育出版社，2003：292.3、“细心”是基础。教育工作者要广泛深入到后进生的学习和生活中去，对他们的一言一行要进行细微的观察，及时了解他们的思想动态，掌握第一手材料，这为 我们做好后进生的转化工作提供了重要的基础。
4、耐心是保障。很多后进生经常“明知故犯”、“屡教不改”、“知行不 一”，面对这种情况，如果教育工作者企图靠简单的说教，就想达到教育目的，那是根本不可能的，必须要有极大的耐心，做学生的知心朋友，设身处地的将心比心，对他们的点滴进步要及时的给予鼓励和表扬，对存在的问题给予帮助，经过日积月累，就会有较好的转变效果。
㈡优化后进生的心理环境和学习环境，关注后进生的心理健康
解决后进生的心理问题是促进其转化的关键。班主任要从以下几个方面优化后进生的心理环境和学习环境，关注后进生的心理健康
1、后进生本身的心态转化。后进生由于长期处于老师的批评、家长的训斥、同学的埋怨包围之中，自卑感强，性格孤僻，心态消极，对事物缺乏兴趣和热情，怀疑自己的能力，遇到困难听天由命。作为班主任这个时候要听取他们的愤愤之言，体谅他们的难处，及时的挖掘他们身上的闪光点，帮助他们 解除焦虑和紧张情绪，积极引导他们总结经验教训，克服不良的心理定势，帮助他们增强心理自控能力，激励他们自信、自尊、自强。
2、帮助后进生创建良好的家庭环境。班主任要把后进生的良好转变及时的与家长进行沟通，（对家长公正的介绍学生的在校情况，肯定他们的优点，谈缺点时语言婉转，避免家长觉得自己的孩子一无是处，不可救药，）积极促进父母与子女间的交流，让家长重拾对子女的期望，3、帮助后进生建立良好的伙伴关系，给其提供一个良好的学习环境。班主任在对班级的日常管理中，要教育其他同学对后进生曾经拥有的过 失不要盯住不放，努力发现后进生的优点，扬其长，避其短，不失时机的多给他们一些公正的鼓励和表扬，增进同学间的相互了解，使后进生能体验到班集体和学校的温暖，在良好的伙伴关系中产生学习的动力。
㈢创设后进生转化条件，促其转化
1、积建立良好的师生关系。在教学管理过程中，教师要运用各种手段（如主题班会、黑板报表扬、校园广播电台宣扬、口头赞颂等）和方法加大鼓励力度，尽量避免因批评过多而带来的负面影响，坚决杜绝与后进生产生对立情绪，要对他们的缺点设计坡度，让他们逐步纠正不良行为。只有这样后进生才敢于与教师沟通，让后进生对教师有了尊敬、感激和信任，彼此双方才会有共同语言，他们才能诚心的向教师倾吐自己的心声，接受教育，改正自己的缺点，才能有良好的教育效果。
2、培养后进生积极的学习兴趣。后进生在接受新知识、消化、巩固旧知识等方面都存在教大的差异，要想培养他们的学习兴趣，教师必须要考虑后进生的心理因素和学习所能接受的程度，采用形式多样的教学方法，激发他们的学习欲望。要有意识的创造各种机会，让后进生展示他们的才华。实践证明，不少后进生的组织能力和实际操作能力并不差，教师就要利用讨论、教具、电教、现场操作等多种手段，把抽象变为有趣，就能有效的激发后进生的学习兴趣。
3、发挥集体的力量。后进生是班集体中的一个特殊的群体，教师要注意引导班集体的力量来关心和帮助后进生，教育学生互相关心，不能嫌弃、冷遇后进生，积极开展“一帮一”合作学习，“在合作学习中，差生能在优 生的帮助下坚持完成作业，不仅在坚持完成作业的过程中逐步弥补知识的缺陷，而且能模仿并掌握优生的良好的学习方法和思维技巧，同时能逐渐增强自信心和学习兴趣。”[张大均主编，教育心理学，人民教育出版社，407页，]让他们在正确的舆论导向和充满热情的关怀中，克服自卑，去掉不良习惯，使其自觉成为集体中的一分子。
4、阻止社会中不良因素对后进生的影响和毒害。在目前的社会环境中，要禁止后进生进入电子游戏机房、录像室、舞厅等游乐场所，尽可能的避免让后进生接触各种不良网站。这就需要教师掌握社会新信息，引导后进生明辨是非，关注他们的业余生活，积极的引导他们参加有益的社会活动，㈣转化后进生，要循序渐进，持之以恒
后进生的形成是一个漫长的过程，转化他们难度较大。他们即使取得一些进步，也不会持久，有时甚至朝不保夕。班主任在做好后进生的转化工作中，应做到不急噪、不急于求成，尽量在疏导上下功夫，对他们要耐心点拨和诱导，在进步的过程中可能出现各种各样的反复，有时是很大的反复，班主任要有充分的思想准备，要戒骄戒躁、不厌其烦的纠正他们的缺点和毛病，循序渐进的做后进生的工作，不能因为其没有达到自己预期的目标而放弃努力。对于后进生来说，班主任要因人制宜，对症下药，若目标太高，则会使人产生挫折感，进而失去自信心。所以要由基础定起点，由现实定目标。只有把起点放在他们努力一下就可以达到的水平上，才能使他们产生成功的欲望，享受其成功的快乐。于是，达到一个目标，受到一次鼓舞，心理上得到一次满足，就会产生一个新的信念。这样一次次达到预定目标，一次次获得胜利，后进生感到还有希望，就会慢慢找回曾经拥有 的自信心，始终处于积极向上的状态。
综上所述，在后进生的转化过程中，教育的实践告诉我们，只要我们不抛弃后进生，后进生是不会自我抛弃的。教育工作者一定要摸清后进生形成的原因，了解他们之间的差异，本着“一把钥匙开一把锁”的原则，对他们多一点尊重与理解，多一点关怀与指导，积极主动的作好后进生的转化工作，为教育教学工作的正常开展作出应有的贡献。
参考文献：
[] 成有信.教育学原理[M]，广东高等教育出版社，2003：292. [2] [张大均主编，教育心理学[M]，人民教育出版社，2001，407页，]
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