第一篇：2008年12月大学英语四级预测试卷(阅读理解)
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Swiss Re Tower is a typical example of green architecture in London, and what is most remarkable about this building is its energy efficiency.Thanks to its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a comparable conventional office building.Green architecture is changing the way building are designed, built and run.Green architecture, a term which only came into use in the 1990s, has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s, when architects began to question the wisdom of building enclosed glass and steel boxes that required massive heating and cooling systems.The forward looking architects began to explore designs that focused on the long term environmental impact of maintaining and operating a building.This approach has since been formalized in a number of assessment and rating systems, such as the BREEAM standard introduced in Britain in 1990, and the LEED standard developed by the United States Green Building Council starting in 2000.Going green saves money by reducing long term energy costs;a survey of 99 green buildings in America found that on average, they use 30% less energy than comparably conventional buildings.Green buildings can also have other benefits.The use of natural daylight in office buildings, for example, as well as reducing energy costs, also seems to make workers more productive.Lockheed Martin, an aerospace(航空宇宙)firm, found that absenteeism(旷工)fell by 15% after it moved 2 500 employees into a new green building in Sunnyvale, California.47.Owing to its delicate design and advanced technology, Swiss Re Tower in London uses less energy than those traditional office buildings by.48.Green architecture could date back to.49.Today, when assessing and rating architecture, the long term environmental effect in the maintenance of the building has been.50.Green architectures can reduce expenditure on the maintenance by.51.Besides the benefit of saving money, green buildings can also bring.Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.Television is often viewed as an anti intellectual medium.But truly clever people know how to use even the most unpromising material, and that is what Val Curtis and her colleagues at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine have done.They employed the mass market appeal of TV to test a long held, but unproven, hypothesis(假设): that the emotion of disgust evolved to protect people from disease.They set up their experiment in October 2007, by publicizing it on a BBC program called “Human Instincts”.Viewers were invited to visit a website and, after giving a few biographical(个人介绍的)details, to view a series of 20 pictures and rate each of them for disgustingness on a scale of one to five.They were also asked to choose, from a list of possible candidates, with whom they would least like to share a toothbrush.The results showed that in all seven pairs, the disease distinct pictures were more disgusting than their counterparts.For things like the apparent depiction of bodily fluids, or of a face that had been “enhanced” with spots, that may come as no surprise.But a crowded railway carriage was more distinguishing than an empty one, and a louse more disgusting than a wasp.These last results confirmed Dr Curtis's suspicion that disgust is not, as many disgust researchers believe, just a way of avoiding eating disease bearing materials.Rather, it extends to threats that might be contagious(传染性的).Indeed, one result of the study was to show that the young are easier to disgust than the old.Another result was that women are more easily disgusted than men.Both of these make evolutionary sense.The young have more reproductive potential than the old, so should be more careful about what they touch and eat.And women are usually burdened with bringing up the children, so have to be disgusted on their offspring's behalf, as well as their own.The results of the toothbrush study made similar sense.Strangers are more likely to carry new bacteria than acquaintances.Hence, of the available choices of toothbrush partner, a postman came off worst, and a lover best.A brush notionally belonging to a weatherman was, however, preferred to the boss's.Clearly the British feel more intimacy with the former than the later.Perhaps it might have been instructive to include a famous television personality among the choices?
52.In the first paragraph television is mentioned to.A)prove that what some intellectuals had claimed is wrong
B)show that TV is an essential part of British people's daily life
C)demonstrate that mass media is a very profitable industry
D)introduce the media through which the survey was advertised
53.The experiment is chiefly done by.A)watching the TV program called “Human Instincts” and filling out feedback forms
B)visiting different websites and making matches between pictures and numbers
C)rating various photos with numbers and selecting from a choice list
D)filling in biographical details and choosing a toothbrush
54.Which of the following is true about the result of the experiment?
A)A spotted face is more disgusting than a picture of bodily fluids.B)A full packed subway is more disgusting than a louse.C)A bleeding face is the most disgusting one.D)A wasp makes people feel better than a louse.55.The results of the experiment make evolutionary sense in that.A)old people are less likely to produce goods for the society than the young
B)people's emotion of disgust is often related to the safety of their children
C)women are more likely to bring up children independent of men's help
D)old people are more likely to be disgusted than women
56.The results of the toothbrush experiment show that.A)a boss is normally less clean and healthy than a weatherman
B)a postman is often dirtier than a lover
C)a public figure is often more popular than a boss in Britain
D)a famous television personality is the best toothbrush partner
Passage Two
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.When it comes to health, the poor are doubly cursed.Not only are they more prone to deadly infectious diseases than the rich, but they have far less access to the means of improvement.Twenty years ago, Paul Farmer, an American doctor and anthropologist(人类学者), set out to do something about this.Amid the political turmoil(混乱)and poverty of rural Haiti, he created a community based health care system called Zanmi Lasante, or Partners in Health.It not only delivers appropriate, affordable medical treatment to thousands of poor people, but goes beyond the clinic to address the social causes making them sick and keeping them from getting better.As Dr.Farmer argues, improving the health of the poor is not just a medical challenge, but a question of human rights.Tackling the inequality, racism, sexism and other forms of “structural violence” which oppress the poor is as critical as extending the drugs.Or as his Haiti patients put it, medicine without food is like washing one's hands and drying them in the dirt.Unfortunately, Dr.Farmer's powerful message is often weakened by his book's academic tone.It does, however, scream out in passages describing the human face of “structural violence”.It is these personal stories that make Dr.Farmer's anger at such “stupid deaths” so compelling.The good doctor's motives and methods are better described in Mountains Beyond Mountains.This biography by Tracy Kidder traces Dr.Farmer from his unconventional upbringing and unusual education, shuttling(来回穿梭于)between the shacks of central Haiti and the halls of Harvard Medical School, to his later work around the world.Though well written, Mr.Kidder's book also makes for uncomfortable reading.The author is clearly close to his subject, having traveled with Dr.Farmer from the green poverty of Haiti to the tubercular whiteness of Russia.Too close, perhaps.The biographer seems to be seeking his subject's approval, rather than the other way round.Mr.Kidder writes, rather disturbingly, about his fear of disappointing Dr.Farmer, his own pain at wounding him with a critical remark and his relief at the doctor's forgiveness.When Mr.Kidder's health falls, this dependence becomes all the more intense.But rather than compromise the book's equity(公正), this intimacy serves to highlight Dr.Farmer's admirable, yet ultimately irritating, character.As Mr.Kidder observes, “Farmer wasn't put on earth to make anyone feel comfortable, except those lucky enough to be his patients or those unlucky enough to need him.”
57.What makes the “Partners in Health” system unique compared with traditional hospitals?
A)It makes attempts to help the poor on a social level.B)It is aimed at treating poor people for free.C)It is designed to help the poor rise from poverty.D)It offers community help to those who are poor.58.What can be inferred from the last sentence of the second paragraph?
A)Hands should not be dried in the dirt after washing.B)Medicine is also needed for cleaning hands.C)Medicine is not a long term cure to their poor health.D)Food can cure their disease better than any medicine.59.The disadvantage of Dr.Farmer's book seems to be that.A)the plots in the book are not attractive enough
B)the way he tells the stories is not compelling enough
C)the anger he expresses at “stupid deaths” is too strong
D)the tone is not strong enough to arouse people's attention
60.Mr.Kidder's book also makes for uncomfortable reading because.A)Mr.Kidder himself has never been involved in Dr.Farmer's life
B)Mr.Kidder is afraid of making true comments on Dr.Farmer
C)Mr.Kidder's emotions prevent him from independent writing
D)Mr.Kidder is always waiting for Dr.Farmer's forgiveness
61.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.A)Dr.Farmer only helped those who are lucky enough
B)Dr.Farmer may have severely criticized the society
C)Dr.Farmer was not actually making his patients comfortable
D)Dr.Farmer's job is not to make people comfortable
Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
随着全球能源紧张和环境污染日益严重，绿色建筑逐渐成为全世界共同关注的话题。其特点为减少能源和资源消耗，并尽可能采用新技术和新材料。
47.nearly 50%
[定位]根据题干中的Swiss Re Tower可以定位到第一段第二句：Thanks to its artful design and some fancy technology, it is expected to consume up to 50% less energy than a comparable conventional office building.[精解]题目问的是得益于其精良的设计、先进的技术，Swiss Re Tower比传统办公大楼能节省多少能源。该句意为“由于其设计精良，技术先进，Swiss Re Tower有望比传统建筑节能近50%”。题干中的owing to与原文中thanks to的同义，traditional与conventional同义。by在此句中为介词，表程度相差多少的意思，后面应接数字。故答案为nearly 50%。
48.the energy crisis of the 1970s
[定位]根据题干中的green architecture可以定位到第二段Green architecture,...has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s....[精解]由该段可知：绿色建筑的来源要追溯到20世纪70年代的能源危机。题目中的could date back to是对has its origins in the energy crisis of the 1970s的同义转述，故答案为the energy crisis of the 1970s。
49.widely taken into consideration in the developed world
[定位]根据题干中提到的assessing and rating可以定位到第三段第二句：This approach has since been formalized in a number of assessment and rating systems, such as the BREEAM standard introduced in Britain in 1990, and the LEED standard developed by the United States Green Building Council starting in 2000.[精解]本题考查在一系列建筑评估体系中，建筑的维修和保养对环境的长期影响也在评估之列。根据This approach has since been formalized in a number of assessment and rating systems可知，这一原则已被成文化，而且下文举例提到了英国的BREEAM和美国的LEED standard，据此可知，这一规则已被发达国家引起重视。空格处缺少谓语动词，且位于has been之后，故答案应为widely taken into consideration in the developed world。
50.cutting long term energy costs
[定位]由题干中的green, reduce将答案定位到原文第四段第一句：Going green saves money by reducing longterm energy costs;...[精解]题目问的是绿色建筑怎样降低了成本。题干中的reduce expenditure是对saves money的同义转述，by在句中作原因状语，后应接动词的现在分词形式，即cutting longterm energy costs。
51.economic benefits
[定位]根据benefit可以定位到第五段第二句：The use of natural daylight in office buildings, for example, as well as reducing energy costs, also seems to make workers more productive.[精解]题目问的是除了节省成本，绿色建筑还有哪些优势。根据下面提到的make workers more productive可知，它还可以为企业带来经济效益，故答案为economic benefits。
Section B
Passage One
(52)电视通常被认为是不利于智力的媒介。但是真正聪明的人知道怎样利用最没有价值的东西，而这就是在伦敦卫生和热带医药学校的Val Curtis和她的同事们所做的事。(52)她们借助具有大众市场吸引力的电视来测试一个提出已久却没有被证实的假设：恶心的感觉是人们为了预防疾病而产生的。
(52)(53)他们的试验在2007年10月通过BBC一个被叫做“人类本能”的专栏节目上进行公布。他们邀请观众访问一个网站，在给出一系列个人细节信息后，(53)观众要看20张图片，并且用1-5分按照令人恶心的程度给照片打分。他们还要从一系列可能的候选人名单中选出他们最不愿意与谁共用牙刷。
测试结果显示，在所有七组图片中，疾病迹象很明显的图片比无疾病迹象的图片更令人恶心。对明显的体液外流或是有着被“放大了”的斑点的人脸的恶心就没有什么令人吃惊的了。只是一个拥挤的火车车厢比空着的要更令人恶心，而且(54)虱子比马蜂更令人恶心。
这些最终的结果证实了Curtis大夫的怀疑，即恶心不像很多研究恶心的学者认为的只是一种避免吃带有疾病的物质的方式。其实，恶心可以延伸到可能造成传染的威胁上。实际上，该研究的一个结果证实了年轻人比老年人更容易恶心。另外一个结果是女性比男性更容易恶心。这两点都有着进化方面的意义。(55)年轻人比老年人更具有繁殖能力，所以应该更注意他们接触什么和吃些什么。而妇女通常是负有养育孩子的担子，所以也必须为了后代和自身的利益去恶心。
牙刷试验的结果也有同样的道理。陌生人比熟人更容易携带新的病菌。因此，在与之共用牙刷的可选择项中，邮递员是最令人恶心的，而爱人则是最不令人恶心的。然而人们好像宁肯和天气预报员共用牙刷也不愿意和老板共用。(56)很明显，英国人对天气预报员比对老板感到亲近。或许在选项中放上一个著名电视节目主持人会更有启发意义?
52.D)。[定位]由题干定位到首段首句Television is often viewed as an antiintellectual medium.[精析]从原文首段最后一句“她们借助具有大众市场吸引力的电视来测试一个提出已久却没有被证实的假设”可推知，研究人员只不过是利用电视作为宣传他们的测试的媒体。第2段首句说“他们在BBC的节目上公布这个测试”也进一步证明了提到电视只不过是为了引出宣传该测试的媒介。故D)“介绍借以宣传测试的媒介”为正确答案。
排除干扰A)“证明一些学者的声明错误”在原文没有涉及;B)“证明电视是英国人日常生活的重要部分”并不是文章的中心所在，排除;C)“展示大众媒体是一个非常赢利的行业”在原文中没有提及;故均排除。
53.C)。[定位]由题干中的The experiment定位到第二段首句They set up their experiment in October 2007, by publicizing it on a BBC programme called “Human Instincts”.[精析]原文第二段一直在叙述试验进行的方式，主要是两件事，一是给图片定1-5的等级，二是选择你最不愿意与之共用牙刷的人。C)“为各种照片评级和进行一个选择”是对文意的概括，为正确答案。
排除干扰A)“观看名叫‘人类本能'的电视节目，并填写反馈表格”没涉及试验，而且试验里并没有填反馈表格，排除;B)“访问不同的网站然后给图片和数字配对”不是试验内容，排除;D)填写个人信息虽然正确，但是后面说“要选出一个牙刷”不是试验的内容，排除。
54.D)。[定位]由题干中的the result of the experiment定位到第三段首句The results showed that in all seven pairs...[精析]由原文“虱子比马蜂更令人恶心”可以推知D)“马蜂会比虱子让人感觉好些”符合文意。
排除干扰原文只是说对于明显的体液外流或是有着被“放大了”的斑点的人脸的恶心就没有什么令人惊奇的了，并没有在体液外流的人体和长满了斑点的脸之间进行比较，排除A);原文并没有对拥挤的火车车厢和虱子进行比较，排除B);原文并没有指明什么最令人恶心，且没有提及“流血的脸”也排除C)。
55.B)。[定位]由题干中的The results of the experiment make evolutionary sense可以定位到第四段第五句Both of these make evolutionary sense.[精析]联系定位句下文“年轻人比老年人更具有繁殖能力，所以应该更注意他们接触什么和吃些什么。而妇女通常是负有养育孩子的担子，所以也必须为了后代和自身的利益去恶心。”可以推知人们恶心其实都是和后代的安全相联系的。故B)“人们的恶心通常与孩子的安危相联系”为正确答案。
排除干扰原文reproductive potential指的是繁殖后代的能力，而非生产食物的能力，排除A);原文虽提及女性养育后代，但并未提及她们更倾向于独立于男性的帮助之外，排除C);原文并没有将老年人和女性进行对比，排除D)。
56.C)。[定位]由题干定位到末段首句The results of the toothbrush study made similar sense.[精析]联系原文可知，牙刷测试的结果也是“为了证明人们认为陌生人更容易携带新的病菌”。下文提到“很明显，英国人对天气预报员比对老板感到亲近”，由此推测C)“公众人物通常比老板更受英国人欢迎”正确。
排除干扰A)和B)的错误在于它们都说老板和邮递员本身是否干净，而试验只是说给人们的感觉，故都排除;D)的错误在于著名电视节目主持人其实根本不是测试选项之一，只是一个假设，无法判断其情况，也排除。
核心词汇及短语
acquaintance [ə'kweintəns] n.熟人
disgusting [dis'gʌstiŋ] adj.令人恶心的 depiction [di'pik ʃən] n.描写
unpromising ['ʌn'prɔmisiŋ] adj.没希望的 candidate ['kændidit] n.候选人
evolutionary [i:və'lu:ʃənəri] adj.进化的 reproductive ['ri:prə'dʌktiv] adj.生殖的 intimacy ['intiməsi] n.亲密
instructive [in'strʌktiv] adj.有启发性的
bring up养育
Passage Two
提起健康问题，穷人的处境可谓雪上加霜。他们不但比富人更容易患上致命的传染病，而且他们远远没有能力去改善这一状况。二十年以前，美国的医生和人类学家 Paul Farmer开始了解决这一问题的历程。在政治动荡、贫困严重的海地郊区，他创建了以社区为基础的医疗保健体系，被称作“Zanmi Lasante”或“健康之友”。它不仅给数以千计的穷人提供适当的可以支付得起的治疗，(57)而且还越过医疗层面，想要解决让穷人得病或很难康复的社会原因。
正如Farmer大夫所说，改善穷人的健康不是单纯的医学挑战，而是人权问题。它与不平等、种族主义、性别歧视和其他形式的“结构型暴力”等压迫穷人的现象作斗争和发放药品一样紧迫。或者就像他的海地病人的描述，(58)“提供了药品而没有食品，就像洗完了手在灰尘中晾干”。
(59)遗憾的是，Farmer大夫的强有力的信息通常被他所写的书中的学术口吻给减弱了。然而该书确实在一些描写人类面临“结构型暴力”的篇章中高声呐喊。但是还是那些他亲身经历的故事让他对“愚蠢的死亡”的愤怒表达得铿锵有力。
这位善良的医生的动机和方法在《山外有山》一书中得到了更好的描述。这本由 Tracy Kidder 撰写的传记，追溯了Farmer大夫非同寻常的成长和教育背景，文字穿梭于海地中部的棚屋、哈佛大学医学院的礼堂和他后来在全世界所做的工作之间。尽管写得不错，但是 Kidder先生的书读起来并不舒服。作者本人很明显和他所写的人物关系紧密，他和 Farmer大夫一起到过温暖而贫困的海地，也到过寒冷而易得结核病的俄罗斯。(60)可能是因为关系太亲密了，作者好像一直在寻求被描写对象的赞同。他非常苦恼地描述了他害怕让Farmer大夫失望的恐惧和用批评的字眼伤害大夫的痛苦，以及对大夫的谅解所感到的欣慰。
当Kidder先生的健康每况愈下时，对大夫的这种依赖性就更加严重。但是，这不但没有使这本书有失公正，这种亲密倒突出了Farmer大夫那令人钦佩而又令人愤怒的性格。正如Kidder先生所写：(61)“Farmer不是到这个世界上让任何人都感到舒适的，除了那些幸运地成为他的病人的人，或者那些完全不幸地需要他的人。”
57.A)。[定位]由题干中的the “Partners in Health” system定位到原文首段第四句he created a community based health care system called Zanmi Lasante, or Partners in Health。
[精析]原文首段末尾说“它不仅给大量穷人提供适当的可以支付得起的治疗，还越过医疗层面，想要解决让穷人得病或很难康复的社会原因”。由此可推测此医疗系统与传统医院相比的独特之处在于It makes attempts to help the poor on a social level.(它试图在社会层面上帮助穷人)，故A)为正确答案。
排除干扰原文并没有说免费，而是“提供恰当的可以支付得起的治疗”，排除B);联系原文，可知其目的主要是为穷人治病，进而解决让穷人得病或很难康复的社会原因，并不是为了穷人脱贫，排除C);D)中community help(社区救助)太过笼统和泛化，文中仅指有关治病的方面，也排除。
58.C)。[定位]由题干中的the last sentence of the second paragraph定位到原文第二段末句Or as his Haiti patients aptly put it, medicine without food is like washing one's hands and drying them in the dirt.[精析]原文第二段强调了一个概念，即“穷人的健康问题其实不是简单的医疗问题，还有人权问题”。药物只能治愈穷人的疾病，没有食物，即没有消灭贫穷就像把手放在灰尘中晾干，手还会脏的，即还是会生病的。据此可以推知，C)Medicine is not a longterm cure to their poor health(药物无法使他们长期保持健康)与文意相符，为正确答案。
排除干扰原文只是一个打比方的说法，并非真的说在那里晾手，排除A);原文并非指洗手也需要药物，这是对原文比喻的误解，排除B);联系原文可推知，食物是保持健康的保证，原文并没有对药物和食品的治疗功效进行比较，也排除D)。
59.D)。[定位]由题干中的The disadvantage of Dr.Farmer's book定位到原文第三段首句Unfortunately, Dr.Farmer's powerful message is often weakened by his book's academic tone.[精析]该句说明“他的强有力的信息通常被他所写的书的学术口吻给减弱了”，言下之意就是口气不够强，故D)“口气不够强，很难引起他人的注意”与文意相符，正确。
排除干扰原文并没有对他的书的情节进行评价，故A)“书中的情节不够吸引人”与原文不符，排除;原文没有对该书内容叙述的方式做出评价，故B)认为“其内容叙述方式不够吸引人”与原文不符，排除;他对“愚蠢的死亡”的愤怒表达得铿锵有力是该书的优点，与题干所问不符，故排除C)。
60.C)。[定位]由题干可以定位到原文第四段第三句Though well written, Mr.Kidders book also makes for uncomfortable reading.[精析]原文第四段最后两句说“作者好像一直在寻求描写对象的同意，他非常苦恼地描述了他害怕让Farmer大夫失望的恐惧和用批评的字眼伤害大夫的痛苦以及对大夫的谅解所感到的欣慰”。由此推测，他对大夫的情感使他不能独立地写作。故C)“Mr.Kidder的感情妨碍了他写作的独立性”正确。
排除干扰由原文“他和 Farmer大夫一起到过温暖而贫困的海地，也到过寒冷而易得结核病的俄罗斯”可推知，两者曾在一起生活过，故排除A);原文只是说Mr.Kidder在写作上考虑了Dr.Farmer的认同，并没有说他害怕做出真实的评论，故排除B);原文说道该书中已经描写了Mr.Kidder在得到Dr.Farmer的谅解后所感到的欣慰，故D)“他还一直在等后者的谅解”错误，也排除。
61.B)。[定位]由题干中的from the last paragraph可以定位到末段。
[精析]原文末段说“这种亲密倒突出了Farmer大夫那令人钦佩而又令人愤怒的性格”。Kidder先生写道，“Farmer不是到这个世界上让任何人感到舒适的”，由此推知，他对社会的种种不平等，特别是“结构型暴力”非常愤怒，因此很可能曾严厉地批评过这个社会，因此才会“让很多人感到不舒服”，故B)正确。
排除干扰原文说，能得到Farmer医治的人是幸运的，并非说只帮助那些足够幸运的人，A)与原文不符;C)错误，原文说除了那些幸运地成为他的病人的人，或那些完全不幸地需要他的人，Farmer不是到这个世界上让任何人感到舒适的，意思并非让他的病人不舒服，排除;D)忽视了其作为医生为病人治病，给人带来健康的一面，故排除。
核心词汇及短语
appropriate adj.恰当的 critical adj.关键性的 academic adj.学术的
compelling adj.令人注目的 highlight vt.强调
unconventional adj.非常规的
ultimately adv.终极地set out 开始
第二篇：大学英语四级预测作文
Topic 1: On the Popularity of Internet-based Instruction 1.现在许多大学纷纷开设网络课程 2.网络课程学习的利与弊
3.我的观点
With the rapid development of information technology, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction.Most of the universities offer online courses which have gained much popularity among students nowadays.This new way of teaching brings many advantages.Firstly, it gives much convenience and freedom to students.Students can study at any time and any place as they like, even in pajamas.Secondly, it is very economical because students are not required to come to the campus, and schools can cut the expenditure on electricity and water supply, doorkeepers’ payment, park lots maintenance and so on.But online learning has drawbacks as well.One of them is that there is no effective way to ensure that students make the required efforts.As for me, I prefer the traditional way of teaching.The face-to-face communication with teachers can give me more encouragement.As a matter of fact, the direct guidance and class interaction benefit me a lot.Topic 2: On Overseas Study 1.有人认为海外留学好处颇多 2.有人反对这种观点 3.我的看法
Like anything else, overseas study has both advantages and disadvantages.The main benefits of studying overseas are as follows.In the first place, the overseas students can benefit greatly from the higher academic level and the more advanced research facilities in some famous universities.In the second place, it’s the best way to understand a new culture and its people and language.Last but not the least, the experience will be invaluable to character building, making most students more independent, diligent and enterprising.However, the negative effects are also obvious.To begin with, if a person does not make full preparations before going abroad, he will have great difficulty adapting to the new environment.What’s more, the cultural differences will hinder the regular life in many ways.Finally, money is always a big problem.Many students have to find
In conclusion, the advantages of overseas study outweigh its disadvantages.Once they return home, the overseas students will make great contribution to our motherland.Topic 3: Going on Study or Going to Work? 1.有些人决定毕业后读研 2.有些人决定找工作 3.我的看法
Currently, the major dilemma which most students face upon graduation is whether to continue pursuing postgraduate studies or to find a job immediately.Those who decide to go to work immediately cannot wait to put what they have learned into practice.They believe that only by application can they master knowledge in the real sense.Most important of all, they can live on their own and have the feeling of accomplishment for the first time.Other people, however, believe that if a person wants to be an expert in a specialized field, four years in university is far from enough.The best way is to choose a direction and study it in depth.It is not late at all when they go to work, because they start at a much higher level.No matter which choice a student will finally make, he has to be extremely careful to look into his unique situation and consult the predecessors for their advice.He will make the right choice if he knows his goal in life and how to turn it into reality.Topic 4: Stepping Away from Online Games 1.现在有许多大学生沉溺于网络游戏
2.这一现象给大学生带来的影响 3.建议大家远离这种消遣方式
Nowadays, more and more college students are addicted to online games.Those games may be fun and exciting, but are very harmful to those addicts.In my opinion, there are many disadvantages of game addiction.Firstly, online games take up a lot of players’time for study.Many of the addicts found themselves forced to drop out of school for poor
academic performance.Secondly, addicts tend to isolate themselves from the reality.What’s worse, indulging in the virtual world for a long time, they are more liable to suffer mental problem and physical collapse.Finally, players are exposed to too much violent and unhealthy material, which is definitely harmful to their growth.In short, I cannot see any benefits from online games.Studying should be the primary concern of college students.Therefore, I do hope they can step away from online games.Topic 5: How to Eliminate Cheating on Campus? 1.当前校园中存在许多作弊现象 2.如何解决这一问题
Nowadays, instead of listening attentively in class and working hard after class, a number of students adopt all kinds of dishonest methods to get high scores in examinations.It has become such a serious problem that it has aroused the concern from the whole society.To put an end to such a serious problem, in my mind, it calls for the efforts from all sides.First of all, the university authority should make it clear that any cheating behavior in the examinations, from whispering, copying, and receiving answers via mobile phones to asking ringers for help, will be severely punished with no exception.Moreover, teachers of all subjects should go all the way to restore honesty by setting an example for the youth through speaking sincerely and behaving truthfully.Last but not least, young students, the future of our nation, should view integrity as the prerequisite to an upright and responsible citizen so as to learn to despise and fight against dishonest behaviors throughout the life.Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.Topic 6: Should Basic Living Skills Become Compulsory at
School? 1.一些人认为基本生活技能也应该成为中国学生的必修课 2.反对者则认为，学生应在家里逐步学习基本生活技能 3.提出自己的观点
In many developed countries, the teaching of basic living skills
has long been much stressed.Then some people consider this course should also be listed compulsory at school in China.They believe it’s a most useful form of education, which will benefit students for the rest of their life.However, another group of people insist the new course is unnecessary despite its well-meaning intention.In their opinions, the teaching of basic living skills is family’s responsibility, instead of school’s obligation.Moreover, the development of basic living skills is a process, not something that examinations can impart to students.For my part, I agree encouraging students to develop basic living skills is a good thing, but the unsuitable education environment in China has to be noticed.Besides, the heavy study burden on students, if more classes are added, should also be taken into account.Therefore, I don’t think it’s time to make basic living skills compulsory at school for the time being.Topic 7: Private Schools and Training Schools 1.社会上存在着各种私立学校和培训学校 2.私立学校和培训学校的利与弊
3.我的观点
With the development of the society and economy, there arise various private schools and training schools, which mainly deal with foreign languages, computers, music, sports, and so on.However, is it good to have so many private schools and training schools? As a coin has two sides, so are the private schools and training schools concerning their advantages and disadvantages.On the one hand, private schools and training schools can meet the special need of some people, and help them to improve themselves.On the other hand, they often bring the parents and family heavy economic burden because of their high fees, and put mental pressure on students because of the fierce competition.As for me, I will not choose a private school or training school just to go with the stream.First, it is not difficult for us college students to teach ourselves.Second, we should do something to lessen the burden of our family.Make reasonable choices when facing fashion.Topic 8: On College Students Occupying Seats
1.大学校园里占座是很普遍的现象 2.针对这一行为，人们持不同意见 3.我的看法
On campus, it is a common phenomenon for students to occupy seats.In the library, classrooms, and even the canteen, you can find books and pens claiming the temporary usage of the tables and seats.This issue has aroused public concern.Some people hold that it is wrong and impolite behavior which should be fought with.While others argue that students should not take the blame since colleges fail to provide sufficient teaching resources.There is probably some truth in both sides.As to me, I’m in favor of the former argument.For one thing, occupying seats inevitably worsens the problem of resource shortage.The seats will remain empty until the occupiers come.For another, taking up seats does harm to the harmonious campus atmosphere when friendship and modesty give way to improper competition.Therefore, I strongly oppose this kind of act.Topic 9: Should College Students Have a Credit Card? 1.目前，许多在校大学生都拥有一张甚至几张信用卡
2.大学生使用信用卡的范围
3.你认为大学生是否有必要持有信用卡
At present, credit cards, the once exclusive possessions of the rich, have become quite popular on campus.Some college students hold more than one credit card.They use credit cards to buy a variety of goods，such as clothes, stationery, electronic products and other expensive goods.What’s more, they also use credit cards to pay mobile phone bills and other bills.In my opinion, credit cards are not necessities for college students.With credit cards, some students tend to purchase goods on impulse.They can get temporary satisfaction this way;however, hot-headed purchase will leave a heavy financial burden on students.Worse still, if they cannot repay debts on time, their dishonest behavior will be recorded.In a world of credit, such a record is definitely unfavorable to the students.Topic 10: On Accommodation Arrangements
1.有些人认为要为学生提供“单人宿舍” 2.有些人认为“集体宿舍”更好 3.我的观点
There is still no consensus of opinion among people as to the accommodation arrangements—separate room or dormitory.Some people strongly stand by the former idea.For one thing, they believe the separate room enables student to enjoy the freedom of flexibility;for example, they can regulate the time schedule according to the personal requirements and decorate it on their own demand without interference of others.For another, they have the right to conserve their privacy once the economic condition is available.However, those insisting that students should live in dormitory rather than in separate rooms claim that the former is more practical and easy, for it will not only enhance the emotional exchange among students, but also strengthen the construction of class culture.Personally, separate room, though seemingly more convenient, will exert negative influence on students’ mental health and personal value;while dormitory can improve the above-mentioned situation through natural communications among roommates.Topic 11: My View on Smoking Bans in Schools 1.有些大学提出校园禁烟令
2.有人认为„„，而有人认为„„ 3.我的看法
Despite the fact that smoking is harmful to health, there are still many people addicted to such a habit.Considering its great harm to individual and its surroundings, it has been suggested by several schools to issue smoking bans.For instance, the customs like delivering, sending and lighting up cigarette are forbidden and posters on smoking bans are put up.In terms of the usefulness and practicality of such a ban, some people reckon that it will not only help to create the green campus, but also bring benefits to the formation of civilized habit.It has been proved by practice that both smoking and cigarette ends have been greatly decreased since the issue of the smoking ban.However, some people hold that there is no definite punitive measures in the ban, which can only make it a piece of worthless paper with no effect
on eradicating smoking.To wipe out smoking on campus is anything but easy, and smoking ban, though not the most effective way, is intended to control smoking, and hence, I personally believe it will better the current situation.Topic 12: Is EQ More Important than IQ? 1.许多人认为情商(Emotional Quotient)比智商(Intelligence Quotient)更重要
2.我的观点
Nowadays, many people in the society hold the idea that 20% of one’s success lies in his Intelligence Quotient, while 80% in his Emotional Quotient.People now are more and more aware of the importance of EQ.In my opinion, I fully agree with that.First of all, with a high EQ, one will get along well with his peers and companions, so they can conduct business or finish their work in a harmonious atmosphere and improve the working efficiency.Furthermore, only with high EQ can one be self-restrained and bravely overcome the difficulties encountered in work and life.In brief, a high EQ will make a person become more optimistic, confident and passionate in his work.As the saying goes, one’s character determines one’s destiny, which stresses on the importance of EQ.Therefore, while IQ indeed can’t be ignored, EQ is more vital for one to be successful.Topic 13: Does Personality Decide Destiny? 1.有人认为性格决定命运
2.也有人认为命运是自己把握的 3.我的观点
Personality is the distinctive character or quality of a person, and it is also believed by many people to be the decisive factor in one’s destiny.The famous American military school—West Point holds the idea for years that personality decides destiny, and now more and more people share this belief.Personality such as sociability, honesty, aggressiveness and stubbornness distinguishes one man from another, deciding his way of dealing with everything.A conservative man would never take the lead in any pioneering path, so we hardly find him in the list of great revolutionists.On the other hand, some people don’t think the above statement valid because they believe that the key to one’s fate is held by no one but himself.Personality is not innate or unchangeable.Harebrained person could also become a great mathematician because he knows his own weak point and would remind himself to be more careful.Where there is a will, there is a way.We are the only master of our own destiny.Finally, I cannot entirely agree with the idea that personality decides destiny;I believe personality might have some influence on destiny, but it cannot decide it.All in all, we hold our fate in our own hands.Topic 14: The Importance of Financial Management 1.个人理财在现代生活中非常重要
2.很多大学生因没有正确的理财观念而产生了许多问题 3.对于大学生理财的建议
Financial management was once regarded as a profound and complicated study, and it was far away from the life of ordinary people.But now, people of all walks of life talk about savings, stock, fund, house property and so on, since the good private financial management can help us not only to spend our money wisely, but also to make greater fortunes on it.Unfortunately, many undergraduates don’t know how to manage their money, wasting a lot of it.Some of them have no plan for their daily expense, so whenever their wallet is full, they can empty it in the next few hours.Other students, on the contrary, know financial management and investment very well.These students are crazy about stocks and funds, but their actions are more like speculation than investment, so failures and liabilities are their usual result.To these undergraduates, my suggestion is to take some courses on personal financial management and to know what the scientific financial management is.The united efforts from parents, schools and society are also important to cultivate the right financial concept of the younger generation.1.目前网络上有各种各样的免费电子书 2.免费看电子书的利与弊 3.我的看法
One of the prominent developments related to the evolution of information technology is the emergence of free e-books online, which are beginning to crop up across the whole Internet.Those e-books do not only involve various fields but are updated at unprecedented speed.Therefore, it is now even not exaggerating to say free e-book is one of the biggest boons for modern human bestowed by information age.However, whether e-book is a boon or a bane is still a topic in dispute.People showing preference for e-books hold that those intangible resources will provide us with information and knowledge without taking space or costing money;what is more, those e-books can be easily accessed through the Internet, not limited by location;Despite all those merits, there are still people arguing that than p-books;besides, there are infringement problems as for free e-books online.As far as I am concerned, free e-books online are the products of information technology and conform to the fast-paced lifestyle, but as for the books with collection value, it is better for us to choose p-books.Topic 16: Is the Ban on Abusive Language Online Helpful? 1.目前网络粗话非常盛行
2.禁止网络粗话是否有用，人们观点不一 3.我的看法
The Internet has offered us a free stage for communication, on which we can chat, post, comment and write;however, with the ever more chances to speak and access to vent emotional rages online, some vicious habits have also been nourished.People abuse others undisguisedly or even intentionally and the Internet is congested with foul language.Consequently, it is proposed that the ban on abusive language online should be implemented.As for the function of the ban, people’s opinions vary.Some people are of the opinion that it is helpful to prohibit the spread of abusive language so that the civilized Internet can be established and the quality of Internet users could be improved.By contrast, other people hold that the abusive language can only be eradicated by
-discipline and self-consciousness, which indicates that the ban will make no difference.In conclusion, the eradication of abusive language online, in my opinion, is in dependence on both the bans and self-discipline, only in this way can we achieve the desired effect.Topic 17： Is It Feasible to Build a College in Every County? 1.一些人认为在每个县城都开办大学是可行的 2.有些人则认为这一观点不现实 3.我的观点
Nowadays, someone proposes that it is possible to build a college in every county.The current local human and financial resources as well as the effective demand all provide convenience for the practice.However, this proposal has hit a brick wall.Opponents indicate that either the limited financial resources or the uneven regional development makes the proposal of building up a college in every Chinese county only a dream.Besides, those who have taken aim at this proposal contend there is more to setting up a college than simply building a campus.Qualified teachers and a support system are essential, too.It really sounds a fashionable idea to set up colleges in all counties across China, but in my opinion, this is an improper and unrealistic suggestion.Financial support, administrative restrictions and college operation patterns are all the bottlenecks.Thus, it is infeasible to build a college in every county yet.Topic 18： Should Urban Parks Charge an Entrance Fee? 1.有人认为市区公园应该免费开放
2.也有人认为免费开放市区公园会带来很多问题
3.我的观点
The question whether urban parks should charge an entrance fee or not has been a source of controversy for a long time.Supporters claim that urban parks, supposed to be places where people have leisure and entertainment, are public establishments that have been created with taxpayers’ money and thus should be free.On the other hand, opponents maintain that, considering China’s large population and lack of a sense of civic duty, once the parks
are free of charge, they will not be properly managed and will inevitably be damaged.For instance, the problem of parks’ bearing capacity, security and service quality issues will be obvious.So it’s not the time to open urban parks for free.When considering opinions of both sides, I am inclined to the latter view.It’s certain that free entry to urban parks should proceed with economic development, as it needs financial support.Hence, the current economic level in China reflects that free entry to parks can only be realized gradually.Topic 19： Live a Low-carbon Life 1.低碳生活日渐成为热门话题 2.低碳生活的意义 3.如何做到低碳生活
As more and more people are concerned about climate and environment issues, low-carbon life has become an increasingly hot topic.Actually, low-carbon life is not only a fashionable term, but also a strategic choice concerning the future of human beings.Effectively reducing the carbon emission, low-carbon life constitutes energy conservation and environment protection means, which is helpful to slow down the pace of global warming and environmental worsening, bringing benefit to the future generations.Then how to live a low-carbon life? Everyone can interpret it in their own way in every detail of daily life, but public awareness and passion for saving energy is the key to the success of this campaign.Furthermore, energy-saving habits should also be advocated and promoted, for example,substituting a bicycle for a car, using recyclable bags for shopping, climbing the stairs instead of taking the elevator and so on.It’s certain that if enough people live a low-carbon life, everyday and everywhere, it could change history.Topic 20： Starting Career in a Big City or a Small Town？
1.很多大学生毕业后留在大城市工作
2.也有人选择到小城镇开始自己的职业生涯 3.结合实际情况谈谈自己的想法
Want to be a small fish in a big pond or the other way round? Every graduate faces this question when starting career.A large
number of them will choose to stay in a big city, which means more opportunities, more space for career development and naturally higher salary.But in recent years, some other graduates intend to start their careers in small towns, where they will bear lower stress and face less fierce competition.In addition, they can be a big fish in a small pond.They can easily get the employer’s attention and may win promotion earlier.As far as I am concerned, I prefer to start career in a metropolis, for I believe that a good start is half the battle.Staying in a big city, I can learn more, experience more and obtain more.1.一些人认为乘客也应该为醉驾司机的行为承担责任
2.但多数人则认为让乘客为醉驾司机的行为负责没有法律依据 3.我的看法
Some people are of the opinion that passengers sharing a car with a drunk driver but not preventing drunk driving should also be punished, for passengers, a part of the transportation activity, are undoubtedly liable for ensuring public safety.If someone knowingly rides in a car with a drunk driver, they are aiding a crime.Hence, it is necessary and rational to impose certain punishment on passengers for drunk driver.However, a majority of others are opposed to a penalty for passengers.For a citizen to be penalized, he or she must have violated the law.As far as passengers go, they share a car with a drunk driver, but are not driving themselves, nor have they encouraged anyone to drive under the influence.Therefore, to punish them is legally groundless.In my point of view, although the proposal reflects the urgency and determination to crack down on drunk driving, penalizing passengers seems to go too far.Topic 22： Should New Graduates Lower Job Expectations? 1.面对严峻的就业形势，很多人认为新毕业的大学生应该降低他们对自己职业的期望值
2.但另一些人持反对意见 3.我的看法
Nowadays, most graduates are faced with a tight job market, so many people think that new graduates should lower their job expectations.After all, it is more practical for them to accept a Furthermore, whatever jobs new graduates get, they can obtain valuable working experience, giving them confidence for more demanding jobs in future.However, some others argue that new graduates lose their grounds if they lower job expectations.They believe that a good beginning is half the battle.In this sense, new graduates should start their investment in education should not be aimed at a low return.Personally, I side with the former opinion.It is an indisputable reality that today’s university students are losing their shine, so degrees and diplomas cannot guarantee a new graduate’s success any longer.Lowering job expectations demonstrates a more positive approach to job hunting taken by new graduates.Topic 23： Should Chinese Take a Backseat to English in
Higher Education? 1.有人认为大学教育中英语比汉语更受重视有现实的原因
2.但多数人认为大学教育中汉语不应该为英语让步，而应该加大汉语教学的比重
3.我的观点
There is a strange “tradition” in China’s higher education, which sees English language courses being compulsory while Chinese is optional.Supporters for this practice hold that Chinese, the students’ mother tongue, should and can be achieved at the early ages.Furthermore, given the strained job market in China, it’s reasonable for university students to turn to English.However, most people advocate giving Chinese a bigger role in higher education.They believe that Chinese, as a knowledge reserve, provides students with more access to Chinese culture and Chinese learning and will breed more knowledgeable and well-educated students.So the mother tongue should be cherished in higher education.As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the latter view.Chinese is the legacy of the whole nation that
represents profound culture and national spirit.Chinese learning, as an indispensable part through one’s whole life, will be of great help in tradition cultivation.Therefore, no matter which stage of education we are in, we should attach great importance to Chinese.Topic 24： Unemployment upon Graduation 1.许多大学生毕业后找不到工作 2.产生这一现象的原因 3.解决这一问题的方法
The recent years have witnessed an unfavorable social phenomenon—more and more college students become unemployed as soon as they graduate.After serious thinking, we can find three possible reasons accounting for this trend.First of all, the expansion of universities provides chances for more students to receive higher education, while the job market cannot develop at the same speed.What’s more, the situation gets even worse with those students who uniformly chose the “hot” majors such as economics and accounting.In the third place, many students think too highly of themselves—they will not choose to work at all if they are not satisfied with the job.They may think the pay is not satisfactory or the job is not decent at all.The solutions to this problem seem more than clear on this occasion.The government should help create more job opportunities;university authorities should be extremely careful in expanding enrollment, taking the job market into consideration.Students also should think twice before making the decision.2012年6月四级英语作文预测
预测作文1.Protect Non-Material Cultural Heritage 1.保护非物质文化遗产很重要 2.非物质文化遗产指的是…… 3.为保护非物质文化遗产我们应该…… 【范文】
Protect Non-Material Cultural Heritage
As we all know, non-material culture heritage, also called intangible culture, plays an important role in maintaining the continuity of the nation‟s civilization and sustainable development.But due to the development of globalization and other reasons, more and more non-material culture heritage are on the verge of distinction.So its protection has become an urgent and important task at present.What is non-material culture heritage exactly? It refers to various manifestations of traditional culture handed down from generation to generation and closely related to people‟s life, including various practices ,performances, festivals, traditional knowledge and skills, the related instruments, artifacts and culture places.For example, paper-cutting and Dragon Boat Festival have been regarded as non-material culture heritage not only by our country but also by the United Nations.Then how can we protect the intangible culture? First of all, we can introduce special programs and columns on TV or in the newspapers and magazines to arouse people‟s awareness of its preservation.Second, we should have a rational attitude towards the acceptance of foreign culture.Last but not least, we can enforce laws to intensify the protection of non-material culture heritage.预测作文2.On Graffiti 1.校园“涂鸦”现象随处可见 2.人们对此看法不同 3.我的看法
Useful words and expressions: 涂鸦：graffiti 恶意破坏：vandalism 【范文】
On Graffiti Nowadays it is very common to see graffiti on campus, such as the graffiti on desks.Sometimes you can even see graffiti on students‟ uniforms.Some of these graffiti are just cartoons and advertisements which do no harm students.But a lot of them contain unhealthy information which has a bad effect on students.This phenomenon has attracted the public‟s attentions.Some say it is not only a way for students to release pressure, but also an expression of art.But others consider it as a form of vandalism and also a reflection of the problems in the school culture.In my opinion, we can turn graffiti into a meaningful activity if students and the school make joint effort.First，student should have a correct understanding of graffiti and find a proper way to relax themselves.Second, the school ought to give students right guidance and professional advice, such as organizing some contests, which can provide space for them to show their skills and creativity.预测作文3.Suspend Schooling to Work 目前有些大一学生申请休学一年到校外打工 出现这种现象的原因是… 你对此的看法 【范文】
Suspend Schooling to Work Currently, some university students are applying to suspend their schooling to work for one year or so.In some colleges, the number is surprisingly big.Here is an example: according to a news report, up to there percent of an art college‟s students have suspended schooling to work.Students suspend their schooling to work for various reasons.Some students hope to better understand the need of the society through full-time working and then set more clear-cut objectives back in their study.Some intend to gain useful work experience which may land them an ideal job after graduation.Still, there are students who have to work to pay the tuition and accommodations due to financial problem of the family.Personally, I think it is a good try to suspend schooling to work for a year or so.We can easily see its benefits to both the students and the society no matter what reason mentioned above.Therefore, while emphasizing the issue of safety, college and universities should allow or encourage students to spend more time working and experiencing the society.预测作文4.Registering Online with Real Names 目前网络游戏等领域开始实行网络实名制 对于网络实名制，有人赞成，也有人反对 你的看法 【范文】
Registering Online with Real Names Online games in China will have to begin registering with their real names due to the new government regulations.Netizens may no longer post their comments on websites anonymously either.Because authorities will implement the real-name registration in communication sectors of cyberspace, such as bulletin board system, also known as BBS in short.The new regulations have provoked different reactions from the public.Some people say that they will benefit the healthy and orderly development of China‟s Internet, e.g.protecting minors from Internet addiction and helping prevent
irresponsible expression online.Others, however ,oppose the regulations.They are concerned about web users‟ private information and personal safety.Personally, I think we should tread online real-name registration separately.For example, it‟s necessary to use your real name on games shopping websites.but online forums are designed to encourage web user to express their views freely.if required to use real names on bulletin boards, web user may not feel free to express their real thoughts.预测作文5.Create a Conservation-Oriented Campus 1.建设节约型十分重要 2.原因是……
3.为了建设节约型校园我们应该…… 【范文】
Create a Conservation-Oriented Campus Nowadays, conservation-oriented society has become a household term to all of us.it is our government‟s strategy to maintain the sustainable development of society.Thus, the building of a conservation-oriented campus, which is a part of this plan, has a great significance.The creation of conservation-oriented campus can not only benefit the development of students but also the improvement of schools.On the one hand ,students can form the good habit of thriftiness which can have a good influence on their future life.On the other hand ,schools can use the savings to introduce more advanced facilities or recruit more talents which can help improve the quality of teaching.Then how can we build the conservation-oriented campus? Here are several measures we can take.First, we can organize some programs to let students be aware of the necessity and meaning of this proposal.Second, we can do some small things in our daily life, such as turning off the lights in classroom when it is unnecessary, taking care of the teaching facilities, which all contribute to the construction of conservation of conservation-oriented campus.预测作文6.Killing Time Indoors 1.现在有不少人业余时间喜欢 “宅”在家里 2.人们对这种做法有不同看法 3.我的看法
【范文】
Killing Time Indoors Nowadays a growing number of people, especially the 20s or 30s, tend to stay indoors for most of their spare time, especially on holidays, some spend the majority of the time online chatting blogging, shopping, dating or playing computer games.some sit with their eyes glued to the television screen, day and night.People‟s opinions vary when it comes to this way of killing time.a great number of people maintain that staying indoors is cheap, comfortable, and most importantly, very safe.Others, however, frown upon staying indoors for too long.they are worried that lack of physical exercise and face-to-face communication with others will do harm to people‟s body and mind.Personally, I don‟t think staying indoors for most of the day should be advocated.Instead, people in all ages, their physical conditions permitting, should be encouraged to more time outdoors.The brilliant sunshine, the pleasant green space, the interactions with other people, etc.are all good for people‟s health, both physically and psychologically.预测作文7.Restrict Mobile Phone in Library 1 现在有不少人在图书馆的阅览区里使用手机 2 这一现象可能带来的影响 3 我的看法 【范文】
Restrict Mobile Phone in Library As the number of students who have mobile phones increases, problems which are caused by its popularity on campus also rise.One of the problems that have aroused people‟s attention is the use of mobile phone in library‟s reading room.And this phenomenon becomes so common that you can see someone using it whenever you go to the library.There is no doubt that this behavior will have no good effect.On the one hand ,students who use it can not concentrate on their own studies when they constantly send or receive messages.On the other hand ,with the ringing of the phones and people‟s talking ,students around them can be distracted from their reading as well.Therefore, the proper way of using mobile phones in the library must be emphasized.First, use phone‟s silent of vibration setting to avoid the disturbance of other students.Second, if you do need to make a call or send messages, you‟d better go out of the room or at least try to reduce the volume of your sound and your phone‟s sound.预测作文8.Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble? 有人遇到困难时向同学、朋友求助 2 有人则向老师、家长求助 3 以你自己为例 【范文】
Whom Do You Turn to When in Trouble? Just as the saying goes: life is not all roses, all of us will need someone else‟s help to deal with problems that we encounter in our life.Here comes the question: whom will you turn to for help? Some say they will ask their classmates or friends for help, because they are peers, thus they can understand each other easily.However, others have different choices when in trouble.They are inclined to tell their teachers and parents the difficulties they are faced with.In their opinion, teachers and parents who are much older than them can give them a hand with their rich experience.As for me, close friends are always the people who come to my mind firstly when I‟m intrigued by something that can not be solved by myself.If we can not figure out a solution by our joint effort ,I will go to my teachers or parents for help.With their suggestions or instructions ,I can finally find the best way to cope with my troubles.预测作文9.Should People Keep Bizarre Pets? 1 现在越来越多的人饲养另类宠物 2 人们对这一现象有不同看法 3 你的看法 【范文】
Should People Keep Bizarre Pets? Bizarre trends tend to surface here and there when you least expect them.Who would have thought that people would start a new bizarre trend of keeping unsightly and dangerous animals such as lizards, spiders and snakes as their pets ?Well ,that‟s the newest craze now in China.People have different opinions about this trend.Some think that it is natural –everyone likes a pet, whether it is the “ normal ”kind ,such as a dog ,cat and rabbit or the strange ,bizarre type.Other ,however ,oppose keeping bizarre pets.They are afraid that some pets such as snakes and crocodiles can be dangerous and put the owner or neighbors at risk.In my opinion, generally people do have the right to choose and own pets that touch their hearts.However, there are still animals that are illegal to be kept as private pets, especially those dangerous and endangered species that belong in the
wild.So, before attempting to keep these animals, people should check with the local officials.预测作文10.Should We Help Strangers? 1 有人认为帮助陌生人是一种美德 2 有人却认为帮助陌生人会给自己带来危害 3 我认为、、、、、、【范文】
Should We Help Strangers? Helping strangers has always been considered as a treasured virtue of human kind.We need help from others throughout our life, whenever we travel to other places or stay at home.On the other hand, helping others can make us happy.We feel great joy when we are trusted, needed and able to give a hand.However ,some people are cautious when it comes to helping strangers.They say that helping others involves risks of getting hurt or cheated.Lending a hand to a stranger often puts us in a vulnerable position for it means trusting a hand to a stranger often puts us in a vulnerable position for it means trusting someone we do not even know.Moreover ,there are times when we have physical limitations-e.g.we can‟t swim but a girl is drowning.If we are blind to that limitation ,giving a hand would conversely take our life.In my opinion, we should still offer what we can do to help needed strangers.Meanwhile, we should beware of getting cheated and use common sense to tell whether the strangers are real needed people or just professional cheats.Detecting anything unusual, we should defend ourselves or turn to the police.预测作文
11、Should Chinese Athletes Serve Overseas
1、有些中国运动员取得其他国家国籍，代表他国参赛
2、对于这一现象，有人赞成，有人反对
3、你的看法 【范文】
Should Chinese Athletes Serve Overseas Nowadays it is not rare that some Chinese athletes, top athletes especially, settle abroad and acquire foreign nationality.When taking part in international games, they represent and play for the immigrated countries instead of their motherland China.To this phenomenon, people have different opinion.Some people condemn these athletes for being unpatriotic.After all, they say, it costed China lots of time and
energy to train them to the top athletes.Others, however, see it in a different way.They maintain that sports should go beyond national boundaries and as long as we can appreciate athletes‟ excellent performance, nationality really doesn‟t count.In my opinion, it is just natural for Chinese athletes to represent other countries in international games, and, it has nothing to do with being patriotic or not.For one thing, everyone enjoys the right to choose nationality.For another, as today‟s world goes global, international exchange of athletes is evitable in the process.Athletes going global are just following the trends of historical development.预测作文12.Text Message on TV Shows
1、目前各类电视节目广泛使用短信参与方式
2、人们对此有不同的看法
3、我认为……
【范文】
Text Message on TV Shows At present, text messages are widely used in various TV shows,。From serious news programs to different kinds of entertainment programs, we can always see some interactive sessions which all include the use of text messages, such as text-message voting.Is it good or bad? Some people hold the view that it provides a convenient and relatively cheap way of audience to participate in the program.While others think it is nothing but a method which takes advantage of the public‟s curiosity and their hope of winning awards to lure them into sending lots of messages that costs them a large amount of money.As far as I‟m concerned, text message is a effective medium for the audience to interact with the TV shows, which can arouse people‟s for watching the programs, and bring benefits to the TV station as well.But when we are enjoying the merit of it , we should also take the contents and objectives of the programs using text messages consideration to ensure the quality of the TV shows.预测作文13.Low-carbon Lifestyle
1、目前低碳生活成为一种流行
2、地毯生活指的是、、、3、作为大学生我们该怎么做 【范文】
Low-carbon Lifestyle
Every since, the World Climate Conference was held in Copenhagen, the term “low-carbon lifestyle” has become a buzzword in our daily life.Everyone ,old or young ,is taking about it and exerting himself to achieve the low-carbon goal of low-carbon lifestyle.What on earth is low-carbon lifestyle? Low-carbon lifestyle means to lower the emission of carbon, especially carbon dioxide, by reducing the energy we use in our daily life.For common people like us, this is an attitude rather than a capacity.Low-carbon lifestyle calls for the active participation of all the people in the process of saving electricity and gas, as well as recycling the useful materials.As collage students, we should contribute to the revolution of low-carbon lifestyle by all means.Firstly, we should avoid using disposable products to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.Secondly, taking public transport rather than driving is another effective way.Last but not least, both we and the earth will benefit enormously if we eat green food instead of junk food.预测作文14.The Real-name Train Ticket System Launched
1、有些地方开始实行火车票实名制，目的是、、、2、也会带来问题
3、你的看法
The Real-name Train Ticket System Launched In some southern cities, railway station offices and authorized agencies have begun selling name-based railway tickets.Requiring a valid form of identification, the real-name system said to be effective in curbing scalping, especially during the Chinese New Year travel peak.Though the aim of introducing real-name train ticket is fully justified, it has brought about some problems.One problem is the leaking of personal information.Buyers‟ names and ID numbers printed on the tickets may be used to make false certificates or for other purpose once the tickets fall into the wrong hands.Another is that the complicated system and check-in process add to the already heavy workload of the railway workers.In my view, the name-based train ticket system is bold try to ensure passengers‟ security and an effective weapon against notorious scalping, Since it is new-born and needs time to perfect itself, we should treat fairly the current problems it brings.I believe that with people‟s awareness of privacy protection enhanced, and with the development of technology, the problem will soon be things of the past.预测作文15.On Vegetarian 1,近年来越来越多的人成为素食主义者 2.人们对素食的看法不一
3.我的看法 【范文】
On Vegetarian In recent years, more and more people are becoming vegetarian.Some of them choose not to eat meat or fish for health or religious reasons.Some do so because they want to avoid cruelty to animals.People have very different opinions about vegetarians.Some maintain that going vegetarians benefits not only people′s health but also the environment, since human beings are not born to eat meat or fish and vegetarians produce much less carbon.Others, however, argue that a diet consisting completely of vegetables, fruits, grains and nuts fails to provide essential nutrients such as vitamins and fat for people.In this case, it‟s more likely that a vegetarian will suffer form malnutrition.Both sides give their reasonable explanation.Nonetheless, whether to be vegetarian, in my opinion, it still depends.For overweight adults, vegetarianism would be a good choice for both their health and body shape, so then should give it a try.However, for underweight people or children who need different types of food necessary for healthy growing, vegetarianism is not recommended.预测作文16.Should We Resume The Traditional Chinese Characters? 1.有人提出恢复使用繁体字 2.有人对此反对 3.我的看法 【范文】
Should We Resume The Traditional Chinese Characters? With the increasing exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan or Hong Kong, a problem has attracted people′s attention: different Chinese characters used in different parts seem to stand in the way of the exchanges.So some people propose to resume the traditional Chinese characters.Besides, they say, learning traditional characters helps people know better about our traditional culture.Others, however, oppose the proposal.Firstly, they argue that traditional Chinese characters are much more complicated than the simplified ones.If we bring back the traditional ones, it will add to the difficulty of both writing and reading.Secondly, for foreigners, simplified characters are much easier to learn, which may help popularize Chinese culture.Personally speaking, I don′t see anything wise in the restoring of the traditional Chinese characters.It is obvious that bringing them back will cost a lot of time and energy, because nearly all the mainlanders will have to start form the scratch.In
addition, foreign exchange will be affected with foreigners frightened away by the complicated characters.预测作文17.Principals Recommending Students to PKU 1.北大开始实行校长推荐制 2.对此有人赞成，有人反对 3.我的看法 【范文】
Principal Recommending Students to PKU Peking University released a name list of 39 high school principals who have the right to recommend outstanding students to the university.According to the university, the recommended students could be given offers without taking the national college entrance examination.As a reform measure of enrollment, the recommendation policy has attracted widespread attention across the county.Some believe it is a new flexible method to recruit all kinds of talent and will supplement the present college entrance examination.Many people, however, are worried that the policy might impair equality in education.They maintain that while an effective supervisory system over the new practice is absence, there will probably be damage to equality and fairness in education.Personally speaking, I‟m afraid that Peking University‟s recommendation policy might lead to greater education inequality.The policy is supposed to make the recruitment system more flexible, but when only 39 school headmasters have the right to recommend excellent students, is it really a flexible way of recruiting? This policy is nothing but an extra opportunity for these schools.预测作文18.On Professional Ethics of Doctors 1.目前许多医生的职业道德遭到人们的质疑 2.原因是…
3.你认为应该如何解决这一问题 【范文】
On professional Ethics of Doctors Recently professional ethics of many doctors have been questioned.According to a survey on professional ethics violating, doctors were ranked first.Many doctors are
reported to treat patients lightly and take bribes from patients or medicine manufacturers.There are two factors contributing to this phenomenon.One factor is how doctors are paid.Since most doctors are paid according to the quantities rather than qualities of medical services they perform, many of them tend to see more patients at the expense of quality.The other factor is how people see doctors‟ taking bribes.Doctors‟ performances concern patients‟ health and life, and most patients or their families assume that doctors would try their best in the medical treatment if they take bribes, so many doctors take bribes for granted.How should we solve these problems? First, I think it is necessary to carry out reforms in the playing system and encourage doctors to perform high-quality medical services.Second, we should change the attitudes of both patients and doctors and make it very clear that treating and saving people are doctors‟ duty instead of privilege.预测作文19.Should We Trace and Reclaim Cultural Relics Lost Overseas?
1、有人赞同到海外追回流失的文物
2、有人则反对
3、我的看法 【范文】
Should We Trace and Reclaim Cultural Relics Lost Overseas? The loss of China‟s cultural relics is a serious problem and also a historical issue.Some people now firmly support tracing and reclaiming cultural relics lost overseas.In terms of the significance or value ,they insist ,the lost relics are historically ,scientifically and artistically important.Besides ,it is just natural that historically ,scientifically and artistically important.Besides ,it is just natural that the owner gets back what belong to him.Other ,however ,oppose the recovery.Since many lost cultural relics are put up for auction ,it is the traffickers ,speculators and overseas auction houses that benefit most from the reclaiming.Worse still ,the huge profit from cultural relics would stir up more smuggling and illegal digging for cultural relics.In a way ,tracing and reclaiming the lost cultural relics would set up a vicious circle.Personally speaking, I think we should maintain a sensible attitude when it comes to reclaiming cultural relics lost overseas.If our cultural relics are under high-level preservation and available to the whole mankind to the greatest extent, there is no need to reclaim them.After all, just as the international heritage concept advocates, cultural relics belong to all humanity.预测作文20.Should Enterprises Hold an Annual Meeting?
1、许多单位都喜欢在年底开年会
2、有人却不赞成这么做
3、我的看法 【范文】
Should Enterprises Hold an Annual Meeting? Many companies tend to hold an annual meeting at the end of the year in recent years.The organizers believe both the company and the employees will benefit a lot from it.An annual meeting ,if held successfully ,can help create a harmonious working atmosphere in the company.Some people ,however ,are against this practice.They regard it a big waste of money to rent the meeting hall ,to pay for the hostess ,to eat in luxurious restaurants and so on.Besides ,it would contribute to a considerable portion of the financial expenditure of the company.In consequence ,it would inevitably lower the amount of money that goes to the employees.In my view, the advantages of holding the annual meeting outweigh its disadvantages.Firstly, the employees can be refreshed after a whole year‟s hard working.Secondly, the conference gives colleagues valuable chances to get a further understanding of each other.Moreover, a good annual meeting can help create a sense of belonging in the heart of the staff.预测作文21.Should Universities Lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities?
1、近年来很多大学生降低标准招收名人学生，有人对此反对
2、也有人认为这很合理
3、你的看法 【范文】
Should Universities Lower Admission Requirements for Celebrities? Nowadays, it is not rare to learn that some universities have lowered their admission requirements for celebrity students.Some people object strongly to this admission pattern, holding that it damages the basic rule of fairness in education.In addition, they argue that it would be an insult to college education if a person academically unqualified was admitted.For other ,however ,this practice is reasonable.For one thing ,they say ,since a celebrity has made significant contributions to the society ,it is understandable that a university lowers its admission requirements to reward the individual.For another ,celebrity students can be positive role models for their fellow school mates.many of the celebrities are self-assured ,hardworking ,and persevering and their stories of success can stimulate fellow students to follow their examples.In my view ,it is a wise move for universities to lower their admission requirements for renowned people.On the part of universities ,it will enhance the universities/ reputation.In a word ,bending the rule for the celebrities benefits the
favored individual ,the student body ,and the university ,so we see no reason to deny it.预测作文22.Dose Technology Widen the Gap between the Poor and Rich? 1 有人认为科技扩大了贫富分化 2 有人认为科技缩小了贫富分化 3 你的看法 【范文】
Dose Technology Widen the Gap between the Poor and Rich? People‟s opinions vary greatly when it comes to whether technology widens or narrows the gap between the poor and rich.Some people think that technologies are widening the gap.The reason lies in the face that poor people are less likely to access the advanced technologies, especially considering the high cost.Others, however, argue that technologies are indeed bridging the gap.Firstly, they say, the availability to the range of technology is making people‟s life more efficient, thus ensuring them more time to do some other things, such as a part-time job.Secondly, in the so-called information age when advanced technologies are vital, once people have a sound knowledge of the technology, they can easily find a well-paid job.Personally, I tend to regard technology more as a blessing than a curse.Due to the highly developing technology, most people are given much more chances to be successful.For example, tanks to the popularization of the Internet, everyone can have access to the up-to-date information in both business field and scientific researches, which is vital for their further development.预测作文23.Spam Massage 1.目前垃圾短信泛滥 2.这种现象产生的原因 3.如何解决这个问题 【范文】
Spam Message With the increasing use of cell phones, spam message has become a heated issue.According to a survey, on average, people receive about 40 pieces of spam message per month.Spam message may disturb, confuse, or even threaten people at any time.Generally, there are two reasons for the spam epidemic.On one hand, due to the fact that text message is a comparatively cheap channel, many companies take advantage of it to advertise their products or services.Whether people are willing to receive the message is neglected.On the other hand, operators holding lots of information on cell phone users sell the information and make money out of it.To solve the problem of spam message, relative authorities and professionals should make joint efforts.The government should set up laws to severely punish the illegal advertisers and those who disclose users‟ information.Cell phone researchers and developers should upgrade the products and enable them to delete the spam automatically.Should people act together, they will be free from the spam message.预测作文24.Celebtities as Products’ Spokespersons 1.现在明星为产品代言的现象很普遍 2.明星代言存在的一些问题 3.我的看法 【范文】
Celebrities as Products’ Spokespersons
In the contemporary society, it is very common for celebrities, or the so-called superstars, to be spokespersons for a wide variety of products.On the Internet, television, newspapers, magazines and even on the walls of some buildings, you may find celebrities in the advertising posters.There are some problems existing in celebrities‟ in celebrities‟ endorsing endorsing products.Firstly, some stars may know nothing about the products but still accept the invitation as their spokesmen.To these stars, “look before leap” is just a saying.Secondly, for the sake of money, some stars advertise for items with low quality, even for fake commodities.They never care about consumers' interests.In my view, as spokespersons, celebrities represent the products.They should understand that the products they are endorsing concern their images and consumers' interests.Therefore, before endorsing products, they should learn about the products as much as possible.Only by doing so can they be trusted by their fans and protect the safety and legal rights of general public.预测作文25.TV Talent Show 1.有人赞成电视选秀节目 2.有人则反对 3.我的观点
【范文】
TV Talent Show An army of people today are fond of the TV talent show.they believe that show.They believe that the TV talent show can change their fate.At least, they say, the program office the opportunity to show and develop one's talents.On the contrary, a number of people hold negative attitude to TV talent shows.They maintain that the TV talent show today is like a river that has risen to its flood level.It misleads the youth and makes them believe that they can make a fortune or become famous overnight.As a result, a great many students can't calm down to study during the show's season.For my party, I believe that the TV talent show is like a double-edged sword and it is import for us to face it properly.For one thing, the TV studios are supposed to offer more stimulating and favorable shows.For another, the media ought to give people proper guidance and refrain from exaggerating the effects of the show.预测作文26.On Lottery 1.现在买票的人数越来越多 2.彩票的利与弊 3.我的看法 【范文】
On Lottery Lured by the big bucks, an increasing number of people in china purchase the lottery nowadays.Take Guangdong Province for example.The lottery sales in the province reach billions of RMB every year.Government-launched lotteries benefit the country.For example, welfare lottery has provided impetus to China's welfare development.Statistics showed that from 1987 to 1997, governments at all levels invested 1.41 billion yuan into urban welfare facilities, while welfare lotteries provided to it 4.1 billion yuan during the same period.However, lottery has its cons as well.The lottery would promote people‟s “get rich quick” fantasies and induce some people to spend so much money on it that they end in bankruptcy.In my view, people should play the lottery now that it is good for the country‟s development.But they should play it with a recreational, relaxed and normal attitude.They should buy it rationally, taking into account their own financial means.预测作文27.Dialects in Movies and TV Series 1.目前许多影视剧中都有地方方言
2.人们对此看法不同 3.我的看法 【范文】
Dialects in Movies and TV Series Nowadays in many movies or TV series dialects could be found without difficulty.Maybe it‟s the influence of some superstars who speak dialects that has led to such popularity of dialects.Is the prevalence of dialects a good phenomenon? Different people see it quite differently.Some people say it‟s ridiculous for movie characters to talk in dialects, which may turn out spoiling the aesthetic beauty of the movies as a whole of art, for some words of dialects are usually vulgar and full of curses.Others, however, consider it a good way to encourage cultural diversity for dialects to appear in movies and TV programs, which thereby become more dynamic and entertaining.As for me, dialects should be used with care.I have seen some movies crammed in so many abusive dialects that they simply become annoying arguments between mobs.So dialects could be good, but not always.预测作文28.Should Parents Read Their Children’s Diaries? 1.有人认为家长看孩子的日记无可厚非 2.有人认为家长不应该看孩子的日记 3.我认为…… 【范文】
Should Parents Read Their Children’s Diaries?
Should parents read their children‟s diaries? Some say, “Yes, they should”.If the child seemed to be having a problem and write it down in the diary, then if parents read it, it may help parents to know what they can do to give a hand.It could help a problem getting completely out of hand.However, some people insist that parents should not read their children‟s diary.Children should be allowed a certain amount of privacy as adults do.If parents have a question about what‟s going on with their children, it‟s their responsibility to open the channels of communication in different ways than to invade their privacy.I feel that it is unwise to read children‟s diaries, no matter what the circumstances are.Many teens keep diaries for the reason that they have „someone‟ to talk to, confide in and vent their frustrations without causing any problems with friends and family.If parents feel their children are in trouble, don‟t invade their privacy---that will only make things worse.Instead, talk with them.预测作文29.Don’t Rely Too Much on Computers
1.现在许多人越来越依赖电脑 2.过分依赖电脑带来写白字等问题 3.我的看法 【范文】
Don’t Rely Too Much on Computers
Do we relay too much on computers? Yes, we do.Almost everything we do and every aspect of our life is affected by modern technology with computers above all.We use computers in business, public services, education and entertainment.However, overreliance on computer may give rise to some problems.One is that people are more likely to make spelling mistakes when they have to handwrite something.Another is that people are so dependent on computers that they have lost the ability to think for themselves.If “the computer says XYZ”, then XYZ must be true.If you want to make someone believe you like an idiot, just tell him “that‟s what the computer said”.In my opinion, computers make our lives easier but we should never rely on them completely.These machines should be used as a tool to aid work rather than the only tool.Otherwise, chaos can occur when suddenly our computers crash or what is worse, refuse to take our orders.预测作文30.My Opinion on Blog 1.目前越来越多人开起了博客 2.也会带来一些问题 3.我的看法 【范文】
My Opinion on Blog With the improvement of blog services and the influence of some “star bloggers”, most of whom are celebrities, blog is becoming an important way for people to express themselves and communicate with others.Now, more and more people start to use blog services.However, blogs might give rise to some problems as well.Some bloggers would express their thoughts and ideas by writing them down in the blogs rather than communicate with their friends or family members.Day by day, blogs tend to draw people away from real life.What‟s worse, lack of face-to-face communication with others might isolate bloggers from the society, which would do harm to their mental health.In my view, blog is a good platform for people to show their personal experiences and communicate with others.However, bloggers should adjust the time
and avoid spending the whole day on blogging.After all, sitting in front of the cold screen for long does no good to their health, physically and mentally.
第三篇：2010年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷
2010年12月大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷(1)Part I Writing(30 minutes)
Directions： For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition one topic： City Problems.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese：
1.越来越多的人涌入大城市，有些问题随之产生
2.比较明显的大问题有„„
3.我对这种现象的想法
City Problems
Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions： In this part，you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7，mark
Y(for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N(for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG(for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10，complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Scientists Weigh Options for Rebuilding New Orleans
As experts ponder how best to rebuild the devastated(毁坏)city，one question is whether to wall off—or work with—the water.Even before the death toll from Hurricane Katrina is tallied，scientists are cautiously beginning to discuss the future of New Orleans.Few seem to doubt that this vital heart of U.S.commerce and culture will be restored，but exactly how to rebuild the city and its defenses to avoid a repeat catastrophe is an open question.Plans for improving its levees an nd restoring the barrier of wetlands around New Orleans have been on the table since 1998，but federal dollars needed to implement them never arrived.After the tragedy，that‘s bound to change，says John Day，an ecologist at Louisiana State University(LSU)in Baton Rouge.And if there is an upside to the disaster，he says，it’s that ‘now we’ve got a clean slate to start from.“
Many are looking for guidance to the Netherlands，a country that，just like bowl-shaped New Orleans，sits mostly below sea level，keeping the water at bay with a construction of amazing scale and complexity.Others，pointing to Venice‘s long-standing adaptations，say it’s best to let water flow through the city，depositing sediment to offset geologic subsidence—a model that would require a radical rethinking of architecture.Another idea is to let nature help by restoring the wetland buffers between sea and city.But before the options can be weighed，several unknowns will have to be addressed.One is precisely how the current defenses failed.To answer that，LSU coastal scientists Paul Kemp and Hassan Mashriqui are picking their way through the destroyed city and surrounding region，reconstructing the size of water surges by measuring telltale marks left on the sides of buildings and highway structures.They are feeding these data into a simulation of the wind and water around New Orleans during its ordeal.”We can‘t say for sure until this job is done，“ says Day，”but the e merging picture is exactly what we’ve predicted for years.“ Namely，several canals—including the MRGO，which was built to speed shipping in the 1960s—have the combined effect of funneling surges from the Gulf of Mexico right to the city‘s eastern levees and the lake system to the north.Those surges are to blame for the flooding.”One of the first things we’ll see done is the complete backfilling of the MRGO canal，“ predicts Day，”which could take a couple of years.“
The levees，which have been provisionally repaired，will be shored up further in the months to come，although their long-term fate is unclear.Better levees would probably have prevented most of the flooding in the city center.To provide further protection，a mobile dam system，much like a storm surge barrier in the Netherlands，could be used to close off the mouth of Lake Pontchartrain.But most experts agree that these are short-term fixes.The basic problem for New Orleans and the Louisiana coastline is that the entire Mississippi River delta is subsiding and eroding，plunging the city deeper below sea level and removing a thick cushion of wetlands that once buffered the coastline from wind and waves.Part of the subsidence is geologic and unavoidable，but the rest stems from the levees that have hemmed in the Mississippi all the way to its mouth for nearly a century to prevent floods and facilitate shipping.As a result，river sediment is no longer spread across the delta but dumped into th e Gulf of Mexico.Without a constant stream of fresh sediment，the barrier islands and marshes are disappearing rapidly，with a quarter，roughly the size of Rhode Island，already gone.After years of political wrangling，a broad group pulled together by the Louisiana government in 1998 proposed a massive $14 billion plan to save the Louisiana coasts，called Coast 2050(now modified into a plan called the Louisiana Coastal Area project)。Wetland restoration was a key component.”It‘s one of the best and cheapest hurricane defenses，“ says Day，who chaired its scientific advisory committee.Although the plan was never given more than token funding，a team led by Day has been conducting a pilot study since 2000，diverting part of the Mississippi into the wetlands downstream of the city.”The results are as good as we could have hoped，“ he says，with land levels rising at about 1 centimeter per year—enough to offset rising sea levels，says Day.Even if the wetlands were restored and new levees were built，the combination of geologic subsidence and rising sea levels will likely sink New Orleans another meter by 2100.The problem might be solved by another ambitious plan，says Roel Boumans，a coastal scientist at the University of Vermont in Burlington who did his ph.D.at LSU： shoring up the lowest land with a slurry of sediment piped in from the river.The majority of the buildings in the flooded areas will have to be razed anyway，he says，”so why not take this opportunity to fix the root of the problem?“ The river could deposit enough sediment to raise the bottom of the New Orleans bowl to sea level ”in 50 to 60 years，“ he estimates.In the meantime，people could live in these areas Venice-style，with buildings built on stilts.Boumans even takes it a step further： ”You would have to raise everything about 30 centimeters once every 30 years，so why not make the job easier by making houses that can float.“
Whether that is technically or politically feasible—Day，for one，calls it ”not likely“ —remains to be seen，especially because until now，the poorest residents lived in the lowest parts of the city.Any decision on how best to protect the city in the future will be tied to how many people will live there，and where.”there may be a large contingent of residents and businesses who choose not to return，“ says Bill Good，an environmental scientist at LSU and manager of the Louisiana Geological Survey’s Coastal Processes section.It is also not yet clear how decisions about the reconstruction will be made，says Good，”Since there is no precedent of comparable magnitude.“ Every level of government is sure to be involved，and ”the process is likely to be ad hoc.“
Even with the inevitable mingling of science and politics，we still have ”a unique chance to back out of some bad decisions，“ says Good，who grew up in New Orleans.”I hope that we don‘t let this once-in-history opportunity slip through our fingers i n the rush to rebuild the city
1.T
he passage gives a general description of the suggestions to reconstruct New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.2.Two examples to deal with water are Netherlands and Venice.3.The canals have nothing to do with the flooding.4.The levees will be shored up further with clear long-term fate.5.The basic problem for New Orleans is the subsidence of Mississippi River delta.6.The key component of Coast 2050 is wetland restoration.7.The plan of Coast 2050 will get billions of federal funding.8.New Orleans will likely sink ________________ by 2100.9.Another ambitious plan is to shoring up the lowest land with a slurry of sediment ________________.10.How decisions about the reconstruction will be made is also ________________.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)
Section A
Directions： In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation，one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause，you must read the four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C] and [D]，and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.[A] The man doesn’t want to see Mr.Williams.[B] Mr.Jones is in an inferior position to Mr.Williams.[C] Mr.Jones used to be in charge.[D] Mr.Williams doesn‘t want to see the man.12.[A] They need to make more efforts.[C]The others have done the greater part of it.[B] She felt a bit annoyed.[D] They’ve finished more than half of it.13.[A] She felt very sorry.[C] She was in a hurry.[B] She felt a bit annoyed.[D] She was surprised.14.[A] The knife belongs to him.[C] The man once borrowed Bob‘s knife.[B] Bob should mind his own business.[D] Bob’s knife isn‘t as good as that of the man.15.[A] He’ll miss the meeting that afternoon.[C] He won‘t miss the meeting.[B] He can’t have an appointment with the host.[D] He is a hardworking man.16.[A] Because she didn‘t fulfill her promise.[B] Because her mother would be very angry.[C] Because she can’t finish the job ahead of schedule.[D]Because she would be the last to finish the job.17.[A] He always talks on the phone for that long if it‘s toll free.[B] They had so much free time to talk on the phone for that long.[C] They talked on the phone for too long.[D] He wants to know what they talked about.18.[A] At a restaurant.[C] In the office.[B] At the cinema.[D] At a department store.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.[A] He is a teacher of English in Cambridge.[C] He is a consultant to a Scottish company.<
[B] He is a specialist in computer science.[D] He is a British tourist to China.20.[A] 22℃ [C] 25℃
[B] 23℃ [D] 34℃
21.[A] With an English family.[C] With a language teacher.[B] In a flat near the college.[D] In a student dormitory.22.[A] Certain things cannot be learned from books.[B] Foreign students had better live on campus.[C] Choice of where to live varies from person to person.[D] British families usually welcome foreign students.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.[A] Ways to determine the age of a fossil.[C] A comparison of two shellfish fossils.[B] The identity of a fossil the woman found.[D] Plans for a field trip to look for fossils.24.[A] He has never seen a fossil that old.[C] It is probably a recent specimen.[B] It could be many millions of years old.[D] He will ask the lab how old it is.25.[A] Take it to class.[C] Take it to the lab.[B] Put it in her collection.[D] Leave it with her professor.Section B
Directions： In this section，you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question，you must ch oose the best answer from the four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C] and [D]。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.[A] She didn’t want to be a typist.[C] She was not enthusiastic about typing.[B] She was not energetic enough to do the job.[D] She never went to a university.27.[A] Because nobody wanted to hire her as a pilot.[B] Because she wanted to prove that a woman could fly an airplane.[C] Her parents didn‘t want to hire a pilot.[D] She did not have enough money to hire a pilot.28.[A] Vienna.[C] India.[B] Baghdad.[D] Australia.Passage Two
Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.[A] Reading magazine articles.[C] Writing research papers.[B] Reviewing book reports.[D] Selecting information sources.30.[A] Gathering non-relevant materials.[C] Sharing notes with someone else.[B] Stealing another person’s ideas.[D] Handing in assignments late.31.[A] In the student‘s own words.[C] In short phrases.[B] In direct quotations.[D] In shorthand.32.[A] It should be assimilated thoroughly.[C] It should be paraphrased by the author.[B] It should be enclosed in quotation marks.[D] It should be authorized by the source.Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33.[A] Seasonal variations in nature.[B] How intelligence changes with the change of seasons.[C] How we can improve our intelligence.[D] Why summer is the best season for vacation.34.[A] Summer.[C] Fall.[B] Winter.[D] Spring.35.[A] All people are less intelligent in summer than in the other seasons of the year.[B] Heat has no effect on people’s mental abilities.[C] People living near the equator are the most intelligent.[D] Both climate and temperature exert impact on people‘s intelligence.Section C
Directions： In this section，you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard.For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blank，you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.Building after building under water.(36)________ in shelters.Thousands of others unsure where to go.(37)________ for help.Anarchy.Bodies in streets.This is what one of America’s historic cities was(38)________ to this week by a powerful storm，Katrina.Officials want everyone still left in New Orleans，Louisiana，to leave for now.The(39)________ of New Orleans says thousands may be dead.(40)________ Katrina also caused death and(41)________ in parts of Mississippi and Alabama along the Gulf of Mexico.Federal officials reported Friday that more than one million five hundred thousand homes and businesses(42)________ without electric power.New Orleans is famous for its wild Mardi Gras(43)________ and night life in the French Quarter.(44)________________________.New Orleans has depended on levees，dams made of earth，to control floods from the Mississippi River and Lake Pontchartrain.Katrina struck on Monday.New Orleans avoided a direct hit.But two of the levees failed the next day.Most of the city was flooded.Helicopters dropped huge sandbags to fill the breaks.(45)________________________.America faces one of the worst natural events in its history.President Bush says the recovery will take years.(46)________________________.The Bush administration is expected to ask for more in the weeks to come.Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions： In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.You may
not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Blue is the world‘s favorite color.It is also the color most often 47 with intellect and authority.Most uniforms are blue.In Greek and Roman mythology，blue is the color of sky gods.In the Old Testament，God is 48 by deep blue.Blue and turquoise(青绿色)are represented by the Islamic religion.It is the 49 color in the mosques of the world.Blue symbolizes truth，peace and cooperation.It is the color of the flag of the United Nations and of Europe.As the coolest color of the spectrum，it is the hue most likely to have a receding effect.As in the skies and water that 50 us，blue is seen as a peaceful and 51 color.Blue light has seen to 52 blood pressure by calming the nervous system hence relaxing the body and mind.Blue creates large airy spaces.It makes rooms bigger.The wrong shade of blue can be uncomfortable.It can also be cold and sterile(枯燥的)unless 53 with warmer colors.Light and soft blue makes us feel quiet and protected from the bustle(喧闹)and 54 of the day.Blue bedrooms are restful.Blue bath rooms are appropriately watery.Blue 55 depth with greens and reds.Dark blue represents the night making us calm.Its apparently calming effect makes it the perfect tone for the quieter 56 of your living space.[A] represented [I] activity
[B] engage [J] zones
[C] refreshing [K] foolish
[D] surround [L] line
[E] curved [M] acquires
[F] dominant [N] associated
[G]lower [O] rash
[H] balanced
Section B
Directions： There are 2 passages in the section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C]，and [D]。You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage One
Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Most shoplifters(商店扒手)agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard-working thief.With the shops so crowded and the staff so busy，it does not require any extraordinary talent to help you to take one or two little things and escape unnoticed.It is known，in the business，as ”hoisting“。
But the hoisting game is not what it used to be.Even at the height of the sales，shoplifters today never know if they are being watched by one of those evil little balls that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods.As if that was not trouble enough for them，they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court.Selfridges was the first big London store to install closed-circuit videotape equipment to watch its sales floors.In October last year the store won its first court case for shoplifting using a evidence a videotape clearly showing a couple stealing dresses.It was an important test case which encouraged other stores to install similar equipment.When the balls，called sputniks，first make an appearance in shops，it was widely believed that their only function was to frighten shoplifters.Their somewhat ridiculous appearances，the curious holes and red lights going on and off，certainly make the theory believable.It did not take long，however，for serious shoplifters to start showing suitable respect.Soon after the equipment was in operation at Selfridges，store detective Brian Chadwick was sitting in the control room watching a woman secretly putting bottles of perfume into her bag.”As she turned to go，“ Chadwick recalled，”she suddenly looked up at the ’sputnik‘ and stopped.She could not possibly have seen that the camera was trained on her because it is completely hidden，but she must have had a feeling that I was looking at her.“
”For a moment she paused，but then she returned to counter and started putting everything back.When she had finished，she opened her bag towards the camera to show it was empty and hurried out of the store.“
57.January i s a good month for shoplifters because ________.[A] they don’t need to wait for staff to serve them
[B] they don‘t need any previous experience as thieves
[C] there are so many people in the store
[D] January sales offer wonderful opportunities for them
58.The sputniks hanging from the ceiling are intended ________.[A] to watch the most desirable goods [C] to frighten shoplifters by their appearance
[B] to make films that can be used as evidence [D] to be used as evidence against shoplifters
59.The case last October was important because ________。
[A] the store got the dresses back
[B] the equipment was able to frighten shoplifters
[C] other shops found out about the equipment
[D] the kind of evidence supplied was accepted by court
60.The woman stealing perfume ________.[A] guessed what the sputniks were for [C] could see the camera filming her
[B] was frightened by its shape [D] knew that the detective had seen her
61.The woman’s action before leaving the store shows that she ________.[A] was sorry for what she had done
[B] was afraid she would be arrested
[C]decided she didn‘t want what she had picked up
[D] wanted to prove she had not intended to steal anything
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.The largest shark known to us，Mega lodon，is extinct.Or is it? Carcharodon Megalodon，commonly known as Megalodon，is believed to have lived between 1 million and 5 million years ago and thought to have been 52 feet long.It is(or was)a shark that had a jaw 7 or more feet wide.Fairly recently，there has been some speculation about whether it is extinct or just out of reach.But few people believe that Megalodon has found a home deep in the ocean.There are many known ”Living Fossils“： Coelacanth，Sea Cucumbers，Sea Urchins，Lobsters，Sea Stars.The common ones like lobsters and sea urchins are not really looked on as anything amazing.They’ve been around for thousands of years or more，and are easily accessible to us.What if they weren‘t accessible and yet still existed? We would label them extinct.The discovery of a live Coelacanth，a fish long believed extinct，challenged some scientists’ long-held beliefs on extinction.There have been recent discoveries of incredibly large squid，and deep-sea fish never before seen by scientists.In the 1960s the U.S.Navy set up underwater microphones around the world to track Soviet submarines.The network，known as the Sound Surveillance System，still lies deep below the ocean‘s surface in a layer of water known as the ”deep sound channel“。The temperature and pressure of the channel allow sound waves to travel undisturbed.NOAA’s Acoustic Monitoring Project has been using the Sound Surveillance System to listen for changes in ocean structure lik e ocean currents or volcanic activity.Most of the sounds recorded are common and of no concern.One sound，identified in 1977 by U.S.Navy ”spy“ sensors，was odd.It was obviously a marine animal but the call was more powerful than any of the calls made by any other reported sea creature.It was too big for a whale.Could it be a deep-sea monster? One possibility was a giant squid，but no one is sure.It was named ”Bloop“。Could it be Megalodon? If Megalodon is still alive down in the bottom of the ocean，we may some day soon discover it.Then what? Deep sea diving will never be the same，that‘s for sure!
62.The following is commonly known EXCEPT ________.[A] Megalodon，the largest shark，is extinct
[B] Megalodon is not extinct but just out of reach
[C] Megalodon was 52 feet long and had a jaw 7 or more feet wide
[D] Megalodon lived between several million years ago.63.What makes scientists doubt about the belief that Megalodon is extinct?
[A] The discovery of many ”Living Fossils“。[C] The discovery of a live Coelacanth.[B] The discovery of the fossils of lobsters.[D] The discovery of the fossils of sea urchins.64.What was special in their recorded sounds?
[A] To listen for changes in ocean structure.[B] To listen for changes of ocean currents or volcanic activity.[C] To Make sure whether there was a giant squid deep in the ocean.[D] To follow the track of the Soviet warships under water.65.What was special in their recorded sounds?
[A] A strange，powerful animal sound was heard.[C] A sea monster’s sound was heard.[B] A big whale‘s sound was heard.[D] A giant squid’s sound was heard.66.What can be concluded from the passage?
[A] Scientists‘ discoveries always change peop le’s belief.[B] There are too many secrets to be discovered.[C] Megalodon may be still alive deep in the ocean.[D] ”Deep sound channel“ allows sound waves to travel undisturbed.Part V Cloze(15 minutes)
Directions： There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Before the 20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States.Trains were used only for long-distance transportation.Today the car is the most popular 67 of transportation in all of the United States.It has completely 68 the horse as a means of everyday transportation.Americans use their car for 69 90 percent of all personal 70。
Most Americans are able to 71 cars.The average price of a 72 made car was，500 in 1950，740 in 1960 and up 73 750 in 1975.During this period American ear manufacture rs set about 74 their products and work efficiency.Meanwhile，the yearly income of the 75 family increased from 1950 to 1975 76 than the price of cars.For this reason，77 a new car takes a smaller 78 of a family‘s total earnings today.In 1951 79 it took 8.1 months of an average family’s 80 to buy a new car.In 1962，a new car 81 8.3 of a family‘s annual earnings.By 1975 itonly took 4.75 82 income.In addition，the 1975 cars were technically 83 to models from previous years.The 84 of the automobile extends throughout the economy 85 the car is so important to Americans.Americans spend more money 86 their cars running than on any other item.67.[A] kinds [B] means [C] mean [D] types
68.[A] denied [B] reproduced [C] replaced [D] ridiculed
69.[A] hardly [B] nearly [C] certainly [D] somehow
70.[A] trip [B] works [C] business [D] travel
71.[A] buy [B] sell [C] race [D] see
72.[A] quickly [B] regularly [C] rapidly [D] recently
73.[A] on [B] to [C] in [D] about
74.[A] raising [B] making [C] reducing [D] improving
75.[A] unusual [B] interested [C] average [D] big
76.[A] slowest [B] equal [C] faster [D] less
77.[A] bringing [B] obtaining [C] having [D] purchasing
78.[A] part [B] half [C] number [D] side
79.[A] clearly [B] proportionally [C] obviously [D] suddenly
80.[A] income [B] work [C] plants [D] debts 1.[A] used [B] spent [C] cost [D] needed
82.[A] months [B] dollar [C] family [D] year
83.[A] famous [B] quick [C] superior [D] inferior
84.[A] running [B] notice [C] influence [D] discussion
85.[A] then [B] so [C] as [D] which
86.[A] starting [B] leaving [C] keeping [D] repairing
Part VI Translation(5 minutes)
Directions： Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.The chairman requested ________________________(所有书面资料都要储存在电脑硬盘上)。
88.________________________(如果我是你)，I would have accepted such an offer given by the manager.89.Do you mind ________________________(推迟这次会议到本季度末)?
90.________________________(考虑到各种各样的因素)，our subjects should be rearranged to meet the requirements of the curriculum.91.________________________(理完发之后)，Professor Smith went straightly to the laboratory to proceed with his experiments.t
第四篇：大学英语四级试卷-德国
德国（必须由本人亲自递交资料）
个人旅游：
1.有效护照，在签证到期后至少仍有三个月有效期，近期护照照片3张.2.空白公文纸4张，要加盖单位的公章，并经领导人签字。退休人员提供退休证复印件。
3.申请人经济状况证明（如近3至6个月的由银行出具的工资对账单、存折；存款证明不可以）
4.单位营业执照复印件，需要有当年有效年检和单位的公章
5.身份证正反面复印件。
6.全家户口本复印件，如果夫妻不再同一个户口本上，需要同时提供配偶的全家户口本复印件以及结婚证复印件。如果有车房产，提供车产证和房产证
商务签证：
1有效护照，在签证到期后至少仍有三个月有效期，近期护照照片3张.2空白公文纸4张，要加盖单位的公章，并经领导人签字。退休人员提供退休证复印件。3 申请人经济状况证明（如近3至6个月的由银行出具的工资对账单、存折；存款证明不可以，定期银行对账单以及信用卡对账单均不可以）
4.单位营业执照复印件，需要有当年有效年检和单位的公章
5.身份证正反面复印件。
6.全家户口本复印件，如果夫妻不再同一个户口本上，需要同时提供配偶的全家户口本复印件以及结婚证复印件。
7德国业务伙伴邀请信的原件（须注明预计逗留时间期限、逗留目的及时间安排和旅行计划、以及这次旅行的经费由谁承担）
8参加博览会、展览会者（直接预订或通过展览会组织者）需要提供：参展邀请函、账单、付费证明、展台确认、展台计划、在德整个逗留期的旅馆预订。
探亲签证：除个人旅游所需的资料以外，还需提供以下资料：
1.居住在德国的亲属提供的邀请信
2.居住在德国的邀请人的经济担保（须由德方邀请人居住地的外国人管理局出具）
第五篇：大学英语四级阅读理解新探
大学英语四级阅读理解新探.txt我爸说过的最让我感动的一句话：“孩子，好好学习吧，爸以前玩麻将都玩儿10块的，现在为了供你念书，改玩儿1块的了。” 本文由236075795贡献
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○ 考试研究
周刊
大学英语四级阅读理解新探
郝栓虎
(五家渠市石河子大学 商学院, 新疆 五家渠 摘 要: 笔者通过对往年大学英语四级考试成绩的分析 后发现, 凡是四级考试中阅读理解的命题和测试题型均有一 定的内在规律, 若能对其中的规律和解题方法有一定了解, 就 会对考生有所裨益.我将从把握文章体裁和脉络, 题型设计规 律及解决方法, 阅读方法等方面作简要的分析.关键词: 文章体裁 规律及解决方法 阅读方法 阅读是增长知识获取信息的主要途径 , 阅读能力是英语 教学的重点.近年来, 大学英语四六级考试注重对学生阅读理 解能力的考核已成为一大趋势.阅读理解能力影响并制约听, 说, , 能力的形成和发展, 同时该部分得分的高低也影响 读 写 整个考试的成败.所以如何提高四级考试阅读理解的得分就 是广大考生最担心的, 也是我们教学过程中应该注意的问题.一, 识别文体, 并统览全篇, 摘录要点 随着信息时代的到来, 阅读内容更趋于信息化, 代化, 时 突破了单一的故事, 寓言等题材, 内容涉及新闻, 广告, 科普, 医 疗, 教育等, 文章的体裁也从记叙扩大到产品说明, 逻辑推理及 实际应用等文体.不同的文体阅读的要求与方法不尽相同.记 地点, 人物和事件的起因, 叙文阅读主要抓四大要素, 即时间, 发展和结果, 以及人物之间的关系, 表现, 从中分析他们思想品 质, 性格特征等;议论文是阐明作者对人或事的好坏的立场观 点, 因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据, 理清论证 思路, 再进行逻辑推理得出结论;应用文是最贴近日常生活的 广告, 便条, 申请书, 个人简历, 形式多样, 题 文体, 它包括通知, 材各异, 如图示, 表格, 地址, 网址等, 对这类文体的阅读应简明 扼要地抓住所需信息, 理解文章内容.阅读理解是对整个文章 的目的, 意图, 观点, 立场, 态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解, 而 不是断章取义的一孔之见, 所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要 的, 这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节.二, 阅读理解问题的命题规律及解题方法 —掌握所读材料的主旨和大意 2.1 主旨题—— 主旨类试题主要测试考生对整篇文章或文章某一段落的理 标题, 中心思想等.解能力, 要求考生找出或归纳出文章的主题, 一篇短文通常包括表明中心思想的主题句以及与中心思想有关 或为其提供论据的一个或多个支持性句子.主题思想是作者在 文章中要表达的中心内容.段落中心思想常常由主题句来表达.主题句常常出现在段首或段尾处.同样,一篇文章的中心思想也 常常在开始段或结尾段点出.因此,在阅读中,要对文章的开始段 和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意.解答这类题时, 要学 会识别文章中最基本,最具有概括力的信息, 这种信息应能归纳 和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性;要学会排除那些过宽或过 窄, 以偏概全, 主次颠倒等不恰当的选项, 从而选出正确答案.—识别重要细节 2.2 细节题—— 在文章中 , 作者总是要通过许多具 体 内 容(details)来 说 明 , 解释, 证明, 或分析文章的主题思想.在通读全文, 掌握了文章 主题思想的基础上 , 读 者 还 应 该 能 抓 住 阐 述 和 发 展 主 题 思 想 的主要事实 , 或者按要求 找 出 特 定 细 节.在近年 来 的 考 试 中 , 细节题中所占的份量越来越重.在 2000 年 1 月全真题中, 此类 题就达 12 题, 占据了整个阅读理解的 40%.一般来说 , 阅读理解 测试中要求找出主要 事 实 或 特 定 细 节 的 问 题 , 在 文 章 中 均 可 找到回答.但是 , 需要注意的是 , 这些问题的表述常常不是采用 文章中的原话 , 而是使用同义的词语来进行提问.因此 , 在回答 此类问题时 , 首先要认真审题 , 看清问题提问的究竟是什么.然 831300)后 , 根据所涉及到的问题 , 快 速 扫 视 到 文 章 中 相 应 的 部 分 , 找 到 两 与答题内容相关的关键 词 或 短 语 , 再 细 读 一 , 遍.在 确 信 理 解了原文的基础上 , 来 确 定 正 确 答 案 , 切 勿 脱 离 文 中 内 容 而 根 据自己的主观想象或其它来源的知识来选择答案.2.3 推断题 推断题就是根据文章中的相关信息进行推论, 通过概括得 出结论.推理性问题与细节性问题相似, 也是对文章具体内容 的判断.但推理不但要求掌握文章所表达的字面含义, 还要掌 握一定的逻辑判断能力及写作技巧知识, 从文章表面推出更深 层含义, 这部分往往出题分量大, 难度大.出错也最多, 归根结 底还是对文章内容没有做到真正的理解和掌握.Inference类问 题主要包括 Significance和 CommunicationTechniques两大类.(1)Significance 文字表面往往没有明显反映作者的全部意图, 有些含义 需要读者从字里行间去体会, 靠自己的逻辑推理能力去判断, 从上下文的联贯及文中有关部分的暗示去明析作者隐含的意 思.这类问题的命题方式有: 1)The writer implies but not directly states that 2)It can be inferred from the passage that 3)The author strongly suggests that 4)It can be concluded from the passage that(2)Communication Techniques 文章中的每一句话都有它的作用和目的, 都是为作者的 写作而服务的.有的是下层意思的铺垫, 有的是上句话的结 果, 互相衬托, 互相联系.四级阅读中常常就技巧性问题提问, 测试读者对文章是否正确理解.这类题的命题方式有: 1)The fact...is mentioned by the author to show.2)The author achieves his purpose by depending mainly upon 3)The writer talks about...in order io.4)In discussing...,the author.推论要求读者根据作者字面表达的意思, 推断出作者的 言外之意.然而做结论则是根据文中所引述论证的事实, 按照 作者的思路, 做出一个合情合理, 符合逻辑的结论.在四级阅读 理解考试中, 有时会问到作者的观点和态度.考生需通过字里 反对什么, 从而总结出答案.行间的阅读, 理解作者赞成什么, 在判断文章的结论时, 要特别注意查证得出的结论是否符合原 文作者的意图.所得出的结论必须建立在文章提供的事实的基 础上, 切不可根据自己的主观臆断, 毫无根据地下结论.—推测词义或语义 2.4 词义题—— 词义题主要测试考生在阅读中理解词和词组以及某些习惯 用法意义的能力.阅读文章中的生词主要有两类.一类是单词本 身并不见得是生词, 重要的是要求考生能根据该词使用的语境 正确判断出该词的词义, 这类词多为多义词, 考生须具备根据单 词使用的不同语境判断其具体意义的能力.另一类则为纯粹的 生词, 考生须根据上下文正确理解词义.对于这类问题, 考生应 研究生词所处的语境, 用整个句子所要表达的意思来分析词义;剖析生词与上下文中的其他同义词,近义词或反义词是否有某 种联系等等.有些生词我们可以借助构词法猜测其含意.对于有 些不熟悉的单词 ,了解其大概意思就行了 ,并不总是要求读者了 解其确切的定义.因篇幅有限, 在此只略举几个例子说明.Example : Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances,for in-stance,washing-machines,refrigerators and color televisions.6 论坛 2007 年 第 7 期
○ 考试研究
大学英语四, 六级考试改革背景下如何加强词汇教学
李芦生
(华中师范大学, 湖北 武汉 430079;景德镇陶瓷学院, 江西 景德镇 333001)摘 要: 长期以来, “ 重结构, 轻词汇” 重形式, 轻意义“ 或” 的外语教学倾向严重影响了外语教学尤其是大学公共外语教 学, 即词汇学习基本上处于一种自发状态, 学生词汇学习量增 而 长慢, 词汇量小, 严重影响语言交际能力.很多学生单靠枯 大 燥乏味的死记硬背记忆词汇, 事倍功半, 效率不高.学英语 四, 六级考试改革正如火如荼地进行着并进一步深化.2006 年 12 月, 四级考试改革将全面启动, 届时试卷中存在了近20 年的 词汇部分将正式落下帷幕.新四级考试对考生词汇量的要求 越来越高.本文笔者结合近几年的教学实践的心得体会和当 前大学英语四,六级考试改革的形势 , 针对怎样搞好词汇教 学, 帮助学生有效学习, 记忆单词, 迅速扩大词汇量, 促进语言 交际能力的提高, 谈谈自己的看法.六级考试改革 关键词: 词汇教学 技巧 四, 引言 语音, 语法和词汇是构成语言的三要素, 其中词汇又是最 重要的因素.词汇是语音和语法的载体, 是构成语言大厦的建 没 筑材料, 没有词汇, 任何语言都是不可想象的.有足够的词 汇, 就不能有效地进行听, 读, 译, 就无法有效地用英语 说, 写, 进 行 交 际.弗(River, 1988)认 为 掌 握 足 够 的 词 汇 是 成 功 运 用 里 而 外语的关键, 没有词汇就不能运用所学的结构和功能意念.在实际教学中, 很多老师往往过多地注重了语法和句型的讲 解和操练, 忽略了词汇的教学, 认为单词学习是学生自己的 事, 让学生课后自己去背, 致使词汇教学成了薄弱环节, 学生 的词汇知识匮乏, 词汇记忆效率极低, 甚至对词汇的基本义都
掌握不准确, 全面, 换个场合或换个搭配就不懂了.说时 不 听 常常因为不知道单词而“ 卡壳” 阅读时遇到生词就一筹莫展,;不能运用词汇知识去辨认,猜测, 往往查老半天词典也弄不 懂, 既影响阅读速度, 又影响理解;写作时, 由于不知道常用词 的用法特点和习惯搭配, 写出的东西便是满纸的中文式英文.事实上, 词汇量的大小代表了一个人英语水平的高低, 代表了 他的外语能力的强弱.英语学习者把英语当作工具来学习和 因 掌握, 通过英语来学习其他专业知识或完成某项具体工作.此, 改善和加强词汇教学, 尤其是加强构词知识的教学, 应是 英语教学的一个重要内容.一, 词汇教学的重要性和必要性 六级改革的需要 1.大学英语四, 自从 2004 年初教育部高教司组织制定并在全国部分高校 开始试点《 大学英语课程教学要求(试行)》 以下简称《 教学要(随后教 求》 以来, 大学英语教学改革如火如荼地开展起来了.)育部出台了《 大学英语四六级考试改革方案》 调整了四, 六级 , 考试的题型结构和分值.对《 革方案》 台后的大学英语 面 改 出 词 教 学 面 临 着 新 形 势,有 的 教 师 认 为 “ 汇 测 试 要 取 消 了 ” “ , 词 汇教学不重要也没必要了” 等.者以为, 词汇测试并没有 等 笔 取 消,而 是 改 为 “ 章 语 境 中 的 词 汇 理 解 测 试 ” 由 此 可 以 看 篇.出, 词汇测试对词汇教学提出了更高的要求;而且, 掌握词汇 的重要性主要体现在听说读写译各项语言技能上而不是单纯 地应付考试, 在这种意义上, 词汇教学依然任重而道远.2.语言交际的需要 经常有学生问: “ 老师, 为什么我和别人说英语时总是用那
如 不 知 道 appliances 的 意 思 , 从 文 中 的 举 例 washing-ma-chines(洗衣机),refrigerators(冰箱),color televisions(彩电)可以 猜出该词的意思为” 家用电器“.三, 学会正确的阅读方法 阅读速度是衡量阅读能力的重要方面.很多学生之所以读 不快, 是因为没有掌握好正确的阅读方法.常见的不良阅读习惯 有: ” 指读“即为了” 集中注意力“用手指或笔尖指着文章逐词阅 , , 读.一遇到生词, 阅读即停顿下来, 无法在通篇理解的基础上继 续进行阅读;” 回读“ 即在阅读中遇到生词或不熟悉短语时, 返 , 译 回句首甚至段首重读;如果遇到长句时, 常常反复多次;以及” 短语乃至句子的翻译, 通 读“即在阅读过程中, 不断地进行词, , 过译成母语来达到理解.有了这些不良阅读习惯, 要以较快的速 度从大量材料中捕捉有关信息, 的确是十分困难的.因此, 我们 必须养成良好的阅读习惯并根据不同的阅读目的, 采用不同的 方法.一般来说, 阅读方法有快读, 查读和细读三种.1)快读(Skimming)快读的目的是用浏览全文的方法了解文章的大意和主题 思想, 并对文章的结构有个总的概念.为了更好地抓住全文的 中心思想, 在快读时要留心文章中某些反复出现的词语, 这些 往往与文章的主题有关.快读时, 还应特别注意文章的开始段 和结束段以及文章中每一段的段首句和结尾句 , 因为它们往 往是对文章内容最好的概括.2)查读(Scanning)查读的目的主要是为了寻找文章中某些特定的信息.在 一目数行地寻视与答题内容相关的 查读时, 目光要自上而下, 词 句 , 与 此 无 关的 内 容 要 很 快 掠 过.当 回 答 有 关 who,when, where 等文章细节问题的时候, 用此 方 法 我 们 一 般 都 可 很 快 找
一查即得” 到答案, 可以说“.3 细读(Reading for full understanding)找到文章中的有关范围以后, 即在此范围内逐句阅读, 特 较 别对关键词, 要仔细琢磨, 以便对其有较深刻, 准确的理 句 解和掌握.在细读中, 对没有学过的生词, 可根据上下文或自 己的背景知识等来推测其意义, 对难以看懂的长句, 可借助语 法手段, 对其加以分析, 以达到透彻的理解.需要指出的是, 在一篇文章的阅读过程中, 我们要根据不 同的要求采用不同的阅读方法.四, 结论 总之, 世上凡事都有其自身的规律, 只要能发挥主观能动 性发现并利用这些规律, 就会对我们的生活中的问题有所裨 益.大学英语四级考试中的阅读理解部分也是一样, 只要考生平时多注意积累, 归纳, 训练等, 找到适合自己的解题方法, 一 这句话.定会取得成功的.请牢记” pains,no gains." No 参考文献: [ 1 ] 程 晓 堂 , 郑 敏.英 语 学习策 略 [ M] 北 京 : 外 语 教 学 与 研 究出版社, 2002.[ 2 ] 张 勇 先.大 学 英 语 阅 读 教 程(全 新 版)1-4 [ K] 上 海 : 上 海外语教育出版社, 2004.[ 3 ] 祝英华, 国凯 文 , 陈 幼平.大 学 英 语 四 级 考 试 星 火 英 语 点评历年真题[ M] 北京: 中国社会出版社, 2005.[ 4 ] 刘 龙 根 , 崔 敏.大 学 体 验 英 语 快 速 阅 读 教 程 [ K] 1--4 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2006.7 1
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