第一篇：专家解析英语四级考试历年阅读真题(十一)
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Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch.But he is in for an unwelcome surprise.The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser(锁止器), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.The idea goes like this.A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone, a micro-processor and memory, and a GPS(全球定位系统)satellite positioning receiver.If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the control centre to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted.In the UK, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves.‘The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,’ says Martyn Randall, a security expert.He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools.But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition(点火)key.In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars, often by getting bold of the owner’s keys.And key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen.The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movements via the car’s GPS unit.31.What’s the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a car?
A)To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.B)To allow the car to lock automatically when stolen.C)To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.D)To prevent car theft by sending a radio signal to the car owner.(C)
32.By saying “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed”(Lines 1-2.Para.3), Martyn Randall suggests that ________.A)it takes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing
B)self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft
C)the thief has to make use of computer technology
D)the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years old(B)
33.What is essential in making a modem car tougher to steal?
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A)A coded ignition key.B)A unique ID card.C)A special cellphone signal.D)A GPS satellite positioning receiver.(A)
34.Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations centre?
A)To leave time for the operations centre to give an alarm.B)To keep police informed of the car’s movements.C)To give the driver time to contact the operations centre.D)To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.(D)
35.What will the operations centre do first after receiving an alarm?
A)Start the tracking system.B)Contact the car owner.C)Block the car engine.D)Locate the missing car.(B)
这是一篇讲述汽车防盗系统的说明文。文章开头另辟蹊径，以场景描述开篇，叙述一个偷车贼在偷车逃跑的过程中如何受困于防盗系统。这个场景言简意赅，概括了本篇所述的防盗系统的三个要点：immobiliser(锁止器)，a control centre(控制中心)，以及其结果not be able to start it again(不可启动)。第一段以场景描述形象地向读者介绍了本篇讨论的核心内容，引起读者的阅读兴趣，随后的第二段马上以专业语言对这一系统进行描述。这种布局法显然好于开篇就直接介绍防盗[YouTheme]系统的工作原理。
接下来的一段援引一个安全专家的话介绍了英国国内汽车偷盗现象的现状：因为车上安装了一套技术装置(a set of technical fixes)，使得现在的偷车贼无法再用以前的方法轻松地偷车成功。
第四段进一步讲解了这套技术装置的原理，并指出这种技术使与车辆有关的犯罪发生率下降了31%(achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime)。第三、四这两段说明的目的是为后文新的防盗系统的出现做好铺垫——因为旧有的方法不再奏效，许多偷车贼开始使用一种更为原始的方式：getting hold of the owner’s keys(偷钥匙)，本文的所介绍的防盗系统就是为了应付这种偷盗方式而出现的——这是第五段的内容。
文章的最后两段具体说明了这种系统的工作方式。第六代说明的是汽车失窃的第一阶段：发出信号“send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen”。第七段说明第二阶段：工作人员确认失窃，并协助警方追捕盗贼。
31.What’s the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a car?
A)To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.B)To allow the car to lock automatically when stolen.C)To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.D)To prevent car theft by sending a radio signal to the car owner.(C)
题目问轿车上安装的远程锁止器的功能是什么。
文章第一次提到锁止器是在第一段第二行，纵观四个题支，其内容涉及得基本全部是第一段。把第一段的内容理解透彻之后，得出正确结论并不难。
第一段前两句是一种场景描述，意在构筑类似小说的情景。最后一个长句才是关键。前半句The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer，汽车安装了一个
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远程锁止器;and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again，一个数英里外的控制中心会发送一种无线电信号，一旦窃贼关掉引擎，就不可能再点着了。乍看之下，作者并没有说锁止器和引擎失效之间的联系，因为锁死引擎的信号是控制中心发出的，而控制中心和锁止器在这一段中并没有发生联系。要详细了解这套系统的工作方式，还要看第二段。第二段给出了具体说明：车上安装了一套设备，如果汽车被偷，就会发出手机信号告知控制中心锁死汽车的引擎控制系统，不让引擎再次启动。
A，帮助警察对偷车贼发动突然袭击。在本文的例子中，锁止器确实帮了警察这个忙(he is in for an unwelcome surprise)，但很显然帮警察发动突然袭击不是它的功能。
B，使汽车被偷时自动锁死。Automaticlly，自动地。但由第二段signal will tell the control centre to block可知，锁死汽车的是控制中心，汽车并不是自动锁死的。
C，它停止时防止偷车贼重新启动它。这句话应该就是出题者心目中的答案。不过从纯语言的角度讲，这句话也存在问题，问题就在于it指代不清。题目问的是What’s the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a car?那么完整的回答就应该是the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a car is to prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops。在这个句子中，后面的it不可能是指的car，因为car是thief的定语，不是实体。按照这句话的结构，it指的应该是锁止器，那么C的说法就错了。如果出题人能把题支改成To prevent the car thief from restarting the engine once it stops就没有问题了。
D，通过向汽车主人发送无线电信号防止汽车被偷。根据第三段的内容，无线电信号是发送给了控制中心(signal will tell the control centre to)，而不是汽车的主人。
32.By saying “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed”(Lines 1-2.Para.3), Martyn Randall suggests that ________.A)it takes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealing
B)self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theft
C)the thief has to make use of computer technology
D)the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years old(B)
题目问Randall所说的The pattern of vehicle crime has changed是指什么。
A，偷车贼偷窃汽车所费时间更长了。
B，自行准备的工具对于偷窃汽车来说已经不够用了。
C，窃贼不得不使用电脑技术。
D，窃贼已经对偷窃汽车失去兴趣超过十年了。
对于理解文中某句话的意义这类题，只能通过上下文的内容进行逻辑推理找出答案。这句话的本意是“车辆犯罪的方式已经发生了变化”。Randall说出这句话是在第三段中间部分，这一句之前的一句是In the UK, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves，意思是在英国，一套技术装置已经让偷车贼们感到生活更为艰难了。之后的二句是He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools.But only if the car is more than 10 years old，意思是一个偷车贼教会一个人用最少的工具偷车只需几分钟，但除非那车已经是十多年前的了。
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第一句实际上对这句话的理解很有帮助，因为这句话里出现了change(变化)，而第一句里有harder(更为艰难了)，是一个比较级，含有变化的意思。不过从这句还看不出这种生活的艰难具体是指什么，而后面两句显然是对此的解释。“一个偷车贼教会一个人用最少的工具偷车只需几分钟”，这里涵盖的信息的是偷车贼使用很少的工具在很短的时间就可以偷车成功，相对于前面的harder，这无疑是一种轻松的生活。“但除非那车已经是十多年前的了”，意思是偷车贼的轻松生活只有在十多年前的车上实现，暗含有现在的车已经不是那样了的意思，这里表达的也是“change”。由此可见，文Randall的这句话意思就是偷[考试[大]车贼已经不能像十多年前那样只用很少的工具很少的时间就能偷车成功。四个答案中C和D存在明显的错误。A是说时间变长，B是说工具不够用了，这二者中起关键作用的还是工具不够用，时间变长实际上是工具不够用的结果，选择B更为合理。
33.What is essential in making a modem car tougher to steal?
A)A coded ignition key.B)A unique ID card.C)A special cellphone signal.D)A GPS satellite positioning receiver.(A)
题目问使一辆现代的轿车更难被偷的根本因素是什么。
A，加密点火钥匙。
B，唯一的身份卡。
C，特殊的手机信号。
D，GPS卫星定位接收器。
第三段引用Martyn Randall的话指明了当代汽车因为某种技术装置而难于被偷的事实，第四段就是对这种技术装置的详细说明。开头的一句话就是本题所问的问题：Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key，前半句是题目本身：现在的汽车远比以前难偷;而后是单词as，表示“因为”而不是“当”，as后面就是理由：“引擎控制系统的电脑不允许汽车发动，除非它们接到一个由点火钥匙发出的唯一的身份码。”
这里没有直接提到特殊的手机信号和GPS定位系统，这二者是在第二段的介绍中出现的，它们是锁止器系统中的要素，而本段讨论的是锁止器出现之前就已经普遍存在的防盗系统，正是因为这一系统使一些偷车贼转而去偷钥匙，最终促使锁止器系统的出现。
而在点火钥匙与身份卡之间，可以判断出身份卡是由钥匙发出的，有了钥匙就有了身份卡，身份卡不能独立于钥匙而存在，这样看的话，钥匙应该是核心因素。应该选择A。
34.Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operations centre?
A)To leave time for the operations centre to give an alarm.B)To keep police informed of the car’s movements.C)To give the driver time to contact the operations centre.D)To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.(D)
题目问为什么跟踪系统要设置一个100米的最[考试[大]小行驶量，之后才向操作中心发出警报。
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可以看到倒数第二段说明了设置这个100米最小行驶量的原因：If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen.The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal。第一句是题干里所述的情况，随后的一句对原因进行了解释：一百米的最小量可以防止由GPS不准确造成的假警报。
A，给操作中心发警报留出时间。文中没有提到。不过从逻辑上讲，如果跟踪系统不发出警报，控制中心是不会知道汽车被盗的，也就永远不会发出警报，谈不上留出时间。
B，使警察随时获知汽车的行驶方位。这是全文最后一句提到的内容，是在发出警报之后的事情了。
C，给驾驶者留出时间来与操作中心联系。汽车被盗后的驾驶者显然是偷[考试[大]车贼，偷车贼会和操作中心联系什么呢?
D，预防GPS系统的可能错误。与前面的分析一致。
35.What will the operations centre do first after receiving an alarm?
A)Start the tracking system.B)Contact the car owner.C)Block the car engine.D)Locate the missing car.(B)
题目问操作中心在接收到警报后首先要做的是什么。
A，启动跟踪系统。
B，联系车主。
C，锁定汽车引擎。
D，确定丢失车辆的位置。
倒数第二段讲到车辆被偷后，跟踪系统会把被偷的信息发给操作中心(the system will send a signal to an operations centre that it has been stolen)，这就是题目所说的操作中心接到了警报。接下来的一段讲的就是操作中心的反应：Staff at the centre will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movements via the car’s GPS unit。一共两点，第一是首先联系车主确认车辆是否失踪，然后通过车上的GPS随时把车辆的位置告知警方。可见第一步是联系车主，B是正确的。
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第二篇：专家解析英语四级考试历年阅读真题(一)
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2洛基英语，中
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在线
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语
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育
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导
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2007.12阅读第一篇
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied.Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories.She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she won last year.As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them.I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher.I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories.What if she doesn’t win the contest again? That’s the strange thing about being a parent.So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.A revelation(启示)came last week when I asked her, “Don’t you want to win again?” “No,” she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”
I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously(自发地)told them.Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales.The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it.Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks.Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting(借用)my daughter’s experience.While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough a way to give her room but close enough to help if asked.All the while I will be reminding myself that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.注意：此部分试题请*考试&大在答题卡2上作答。
57.What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A)A lot of distractions compete for children’s time nowadays.B)Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activities.C)Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time.D)Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing.58.What did the author say about her own writing experience?
A)She was constantly under pressure of writing more.B)Most of her stories had been rejected by publishers.C)She did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer.D)Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations.在线学英语 体验请申请：
59.Why did Rebecca want to enter this year’s writing contest?
A)She had won a prize in the previous contest.B)She wanted to share her stories with readers.C)She was sure of winning with her mother’s help.D)She believed she possessed real talent for writing.60.The author took great pains to refine her daughter’s stories because ________.A)she wanted to help Rebecca realize her dreams of becoming a writer
B)she was afraid Rebecca’s imagination might run wild while writing
C)she did not want to disappoint Rebecca who needed her help so much
D)she believed she had the knowledge and experience to offer guidance
61.What’s the author’s advice for parents?
A)Children should be given every chance to voice their opinions.B)Parents should keep an eye on the activities their kids engage in.C)Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience.D)A writing career, though attractive, is not for every child to pursue.这篇文章讲述了一个作家母亲指导女儿写作的故事，通过作者的亲身经历向人们揭示出当今社会的子女教育问题。这种个人化风格较强的文章在以学术性、科技类、说明性文章为主要材料来源的四级阅读题中还是比较少见的;但文章的中心思想还是借作者的个人故事向人们揭示社会问题，具有较强的实用性。
全文一共六个自然段，第一段交待了女儿忙于参加写作比赛的事实;第二段作者回顾了自身写作历程的艰辛，引出要为女儿修改作文的动机;第三、四、五段详细讲述了作者修改女儿作文的过程，作者最终的失败使其对子女教育问题有所领悟;最后一段，作者具体说明了父母应该如何帮助子女成长的观点。
这篇文章个人写作风格明显，语言平易，因而词汇量不大，句子结构也较简单，理解起来并不存在太大的问题，较少见到明显的疑难部分。
57.What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A)A lot of distractions compete for children’s time nowadays.B)Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activities.C)Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time.D)Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing.题目解析
题目问从第一段可以得知什么。第一段的大意如下：在这个网络聊天、视频游戏和电视真人秀的时代，供孩子们消遣的无聊活动当然也不会少。但我8岁的女儿丽贝卡却把空闲时间用来写短篇小说。她想要拿出一篇小说来参加一个写作大赛。在去年的上一届比赛中，她获得了优胜。
A，如今大量娱乐活动在为儿童竞争(即现在的儿童有充足的娱乐活动)。文章开篇的In this age of 词组与A中的nowadays在时间上相互呼应。there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied中的 shortage是“少”的意思，但no shortage of并不仅指有一些，而是“较为丰富”，如there is no shortage of tall buildings here，这里的高楼可不少。从这一句可以看出，供孩子们消遣娱乐的活动确实很多，可以由此推出A的结论。
B，孩子们确实在许多无聊活动中得到了乐趣。作者只是指出供孩子选择的娱乐活动很多，但没有指明孩子们是否从中得到了乐趣。从mindless(没 在线学英语 体验请申请：
头脑的, 不用脑子的)一词可以看出，作者对这些活动至少是持有怀疑态度的。另外，从文中可知作者的女儿对这些活动没有兴趣，当然也谈不上乐趣，可以作为一个反例。
C，丽贝卡太忙而不能享受空余时间。文中只说丽贝卡把空闲时间用来写小说，[考试[大]是不是真的太忙不能确定。另外写小说本身也许即是丽贝卡的享受空闲时间的方式，那样的话她也就是在完全地享受自己的空闲时间，C的叙述不对。
D，丽贝卡从网络上汲取了很多写作材料。这句话和文意相去甚远，只要理解了第一段的意思，相信排除该选项不会太难。
58.What did the author say about her own writing experience?
A)She was constantly under pressure of writing more.B)Most of her stories had been rejected by publishers.C)She did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer.D)Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations.题目问作者讲了自己的哪些写作经历。
作者介绍自己的写作经历是在文章的第二段前半部分。大意是：“作为一个作家，我享受过夺得竞赛优胜的喜悦，也品尝过失败的滋味。我知道辛辛苦苦写出来一个故事、结果却得到一张出版商的退稿信时的感受。我同样知道夺得优胜后再想保住这份荣誉的压力。”
A，她经常处在要写作更多作品的压力之下。文中只说作者在卫冕比赛优胜时有压力，而不是写作新作品时，因此A的说法不对。
B，她大部分小说都被出版商退稿了。文中说作者的稿件被退过，没有提到是否大部分都被退稿。从文章大体可以推断出作者是一个成功的作家，一个成功作家不可能大部分作品都被退稿。
C，作为作家，她对保住荣誉并不在意。从I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories一句可以看出，作者为保住荣誉承受过很大压力，C的说法与文意恰好相反。
D，她的成功之路充满痛苦和挫折。根据第二段前半部分的叙述可知，作者品尝过失败，体验过小说被退稿的感受，承受过保住荣誉的压力，恰好可以由D的说法来概括。
59.Why did Rebecca want to enter this year’s writing contest?
A)She had won a prize in the previous contest.B)She wanted to share her stories with readers.C)She was sure of winning with her mother’s help.D)She believed she possessed real talent for writing.题目问丽贝卡想要参加今年的写作比赛的原因。
A，她在上一届比赛中获得了优胜。言下之意是她是为了卫冕而参加比赛，但文中的对话“Don’t you want to win again?” “No,”显示，丽贝卡对能否夺冠并不在意。因此A的说法站不住脚。
B，她想和读者分享她的故事。文中有一句话——she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.”意思是她想告诉人们一个上小学一年级的天使的故事，也即想与人们(至少是读到它的人)分享这个故事，这与B的说法是一致的。
C，她自信在妈妈的帮助下可以获得优胜。这一点与文意不符。首先，在线学英语 体验请申请：
从对A的分析可知，她并不在意是否获得优胜;其次，从文中大体可知她早已决定参加比赛，妈妈的帮助应该是后来的事情，那么在决定参加比赛时她就不一定考虑过妈妈的帮助。
D，她相信自己具备真正的写作才能。文章没有任何一处地方提及类似内容，也就无从判断是否如此，因此不能选D。
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第三篇：专家解析英语四级考试历年阅读真题(二十八)
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Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children.But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children “I’m sorry I got angry with you, but...” what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset”;this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.Saying “I’m useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness, Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become a ware of the complexities of saying sorry.A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology.A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology.A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not.36.If a mother adds “but” to an apology, ________.A)she doesn’t feel that she should have apologized
B)she does not realize that the child has been hurt
C)the child may find the apology easier to accept
D)the child may feel that he owes her an apology(D)
37.According to the author, saying “I’m sorry you’re upset” most probably means “________”.A)You have good reason to get upset
B)I’m aware you’re upset, but I’m not to blame
C)I apologize for hurting your feelings
D)I’m at fault for making you upset(B)
38.It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because ________.A)it gets one into the habit of making empty promises
B)it may make the other person feel guilty 在线学英语 体验请申请：
C)it is vague and ineffective
D)it is hurtful and insulting(C)
39.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry ________.A)the complexities involved should be ignored
B)their ages should be taken into account
C)parents need to set them a good example
D)parents should be patient and tolerant(B)
40.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is ________.A)a social issue calling for immediate attention
B)not necessary among family members
C)a sign of social progress D)not as simple as it seems(D)
本文的材料主要内容是告诫父母们如何教导孩子向人道歉，具有很强的社会实用性，也因为这一功能，文章的遣词造句较为平易，使用谆谆教诲的口吻，可使人把阅读的注意力放在告诫的内容上。
全文材料一共6段，按照告诫的内容可分为两大部分。第一部分是一至五段，讲的是父母应该如何言传身教，在需要的时候真诚地向孩子道歉，从而起到榜样作用。最后一段讲述父母们应该使孩子们明白在何种情境下需要道歉。
第一段指出父母在教导孩子如何道歉时应当首先给孩子做出榜样(you must be good at saying it yourself)，点出本文的主要内容，而后以it can be quite tricky作为详细讲述如何做出榜样的总起句。后面的二到四段分别列举了三种不适宜的道歉方式，第一种是在sorry后面接but解释道歉的原因，这会降低道歉的效果(“but” can render the apology ineffective);第二种是I’m sorry you’re upset，暗含对方主动给了别人进行烦扰的机(at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done);第三种是道歉过于空泛(general)，这种方式往往不会对孩子形成具体的指导(does not commit a person to any specific improvement)。
第五段分析了父母们采用上述道歉方式的心理原因：shows weakness，即认为道歉是示弱的表现。随后作者提出了解决方案：should see it as a sign of strength，即把道歉视为一种力量的表现。
最后一段讨论了另外一个话题——告诉孩子在什么情境下需要道歉。对此，作者以三岁、六岁和十二岁小孩为例具体进行了解释。
36.If a mother adds “but” to an apology, ________.A)she doesn’t feel that she should have apologized
B)she does not realize that the child has been hurt
C)the child may find the apology easier to accept
D)the child may feel that he owes her an apology(D)
题目问如果一个母亲在道歉之后又说了“but”，将会怎样。在道歉后说but也就是解释道歉的理由。
A，说明她觉得不应该道歉。
B，说明她没有意识到孩子已经受到了伤害。
C，那么孩子或许会觉得道歉更容易接受。
D，那么孩子或许会觉得他也应该向母亲道歉。
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本题考查对第二段的理解。第二段首先指出在道歉之后说but的直接结果：what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective，but后面的话可能会使道歉无法产生效果。而后作者对出现这一结果的原因做了解释，以“我今天过得不好”、“你吵闹的声音让我头疼”这二句为例，说明这些话会让孩子认为“he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology”，意思是他也应该为引来父母的道歉而表示道歉。四个选项中含有这个意思的是D。
37.According to the author, saying “I’m sorry you’re upset” most probably means “________”.A)You have good reason to get upset
B)I’m aware you’re upset, but I’m not to blame
C)I apologize for hurting your feelings
D)I’m at fault for making you upset(B)
本题问根据作者的观点，I’m sorry you’re upset最可能的意思是什么。
A，你有很好的烦恼的理由。
B，我知道你很烦恼，但这不应责怪我。
C，我为伤害了你的感情道歉。
D，使你烦恼是我的错。
这个句子出现在第三段：Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset”;this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done。这里一共两个句子，第一句举出“表面道歉实际没有道歉”的另一个例子，即I’m sorry you’re upset。第二句分析了这句话暗含的意思。前半句you are somehow at fault for基本呈现出了主谓宾结构，“你是有错的，因为„„”for后面是“你也有错考试&大”的原因。原因是Allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done，直译过来是“允许你自己变得烦恼，被其他人的所作所为”，与全句联系起来的意思是“因为别人做了某事，你就变得烦恼，对此你自己是有责任的”，言下之意是换个人面对这种事就不会烦恼，你烦恼只能是你的错。
C和D的说法都认为错误在到道歉人的一方，可以首先排除。B的说法与上面的分析一致，而A的意思在本句中是无法体现的。
38.It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because ________.A)it gets one into the habit of making empty promises
B)it may make the other person feel guilty
C)it is vague and ineffective
D)it is hurtful and insulting(C)
本题问道歉过于空泛并不是明智之举，原因是什么。
A，这会使人养成空做承诺的习惯。
B，这会使对方感到内疚。
C，这种道歉意思含混，没有效果。
D，这种道歉具有伤害性和侮辱性。
文章第四段谈到了这个问题。第四段的段意分为两个部分，第一部分是个结构复杂的长句，用两个which引导的从句举出空泛道歉的两种例子。第一个例子是并不说明自己的哪一行为带有伤害或侮辱对方的意思(由此可知D的理解是错误的);第二个例子是只笼统说自己再也不会这样了，也就是不具体指出到底不会 在线学英语 体验请申请：
怎么样了(由此可知A的理解是错误的)。第四段的第二部分道出空泛的道歉之所以考试&大不明智是因为它does not commit a person to any specific improvement，即“并不能使人做出具体的改进”，也就是说道歉过于空泛，使人不知道该在哪里改进，也就谈不上改进。C的说法含有这个意思。
39.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry ________.A)the complexities involved should be ignored
B)their ages should be taken into account
C)parents need to set them a good example
D)parents should be patient and tolerant(B)
本题问从最后一段可以得知，在教育孩子道歉的问题上如何如何。
A，相关复杂性应该被忽略。
B，应该把他们的年龄考虑进去。
C，父母们需要给他们树立榜样。
D，父母们应该有耐心，多容忍。
最后一段讲的是如何告诉孩子识别应当道歉的情境。最后一段第一句话对此做了提示：children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry，意思是孩子们需要帮助来明白道歉的复杂性。但这一句的意义表达并不十分清晰，通过后来作者所举的三个例子，可知这句话的意思是孩子在分辨什么情况下该道歉什么情况下不需道歉的时候需要帮助。这样就排除了A，而C的说法是考试&大前5段的内容，D的说法在第四段里没有相关内容。第四段以三个年龄的孩子为例进行论述，这就说明应当把年龄问题加以考虑，B的说法正确。
40.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is ________.A)a social issue calling for immediate attention
B)not necessary among family members
C)a sign of social progress
D)not as simple as it seems(D)
本题问从这篇材料可以推断出，适宜的道歉方式是„„
A，一个急需关注的社会问题。本文讨论的是父母该如何指导孩子道歉，主要论述道歉技巧问题，没有把道歉方式上升到社会问题，“急需关注”的社会问题就更谈不上了。
B，在家庭成员之间不是必需的。文中举出了很多例子来说明父母应以正确的方式来向[YouTheme]孩子道歉，可见在作者看来家庭成员之间合适的道歉绝对不能说是可有可无的。
C，社会进步的表现。文章没有提到适宜的道歉方式与社会进步有什么关系。
D，并不像看上去那么简单。前五段一开始[YouTheme]指出父母向孩子道歉时应该讲究技巧，所用的词是tricky，而后用了数段具体讲述应当如何讲究技巧，可见适宜的道歉方式并不简单。而父母们往往做不好这一点，即是因为它看似简单，所以D的说法是正确的。
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第四篇：专家解析英语四级考试历年阅读真题(二十六)
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In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain school District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement.“We’re worried about our teachers and principals, and we really don’t want to lose them because of this,” one parent sail.“If we can help ease their financial burden, we will.“
Teachers are grateful, but know it may be years before the district is solvent(有综合能力的).They feel really good about the parent support, but they realize it’s impossible for then to solve this problem.The 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month.“It’s extraordinary.Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level,” said State Treasurer Mike Coffman.Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeing yp a $9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll(工资单)to be met for 2,700 teachers and staff in time for the holidays.District officials also took $1.7 million from student-activity accounts its 38 schools.At Coffman’s request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the district’s finances.Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools.In Frederick, students’ parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs.Some $36,000 has been raised in donations from Safeway.A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgave the district’s $10,750 bill for renting the driver educating cars.IBM contributed 4,500 packs of paper.“We employ thousands of people in this community,” said Mitch Carson, a hospital chief executive, who helped raise funds.“We have children in the school, and we see how they could be affected.”
At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum(论坛)。“Rumors about what’s happening to the district are moving at lighting speed,” said a student.“We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.”
26.What has happened to the Vrain School District?
A)A huge financial problem has arisen.B)Many schools there are mismanaged.C)Lots of teachers in the district are planning to quit.D)Many administrative personnel have been laid off.(A)
27.How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage?
A)They felt somewhat helpless about it.在线学英语 体验请申请：
B)They accused those responsible for it.C)They pooled their efforts to help solve it.D)They demanded a through investigation.(C)
28.In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman, the educational budget shortage is ________.A)unavoidable
B)unthinkable
C)insolvable
D)irreversible(B)
29.Why did Coffman request an investigation?
A)To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.B)To find out the extent of the consequences of the case.C)To make sure that the school principals were innocent.D)To stop the voters approving the $212 million bong issue.(A)
30.Three high school students started a website in order to ________.A)attract greater public attention to their needs
B)appeal to the public for contributions and donations
C)expose officials who neglected their duties D)keep people properly informed of the crisis(D)这篇短文讲述的是学校资金短缺事件。全文共十个小段，第一段从丹佛某社区发起运动说起，交代了事件基本信息：1380万美元的预算短缺，而后引用某位学生父母对学校表示物质支持的原话(we can help ease their financial burden, we will)。这个段落有这样一个特点，即事件本身只是在句中附带提到，叙述的重点在于社区对与此事相关的学校、教师的支持。这也暗示了后文的叙述方向不会是对资金短缺事件的原委的叙述，而是各方对此事的反应。从全文来看，包括社区、教师、官方、企业以及学生的反应。
接下来的第二段叙述了教师们对社区支持的反应(grateful)，而后用教师们的想法传达出资金短缺事件的解决难度(impossible for then to solve this problem，社区支持不可能解决问题)。
下一段进一步透露出事件的其他信息：发现时间(last month)，并交代了州官员的反应：惊诧(Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level)。下三小段继续叙述官方的进一步行动：为教师工资提供贷款(9.8 million loan that enabled the payroll)，从学生活动资金帐户中提出170万美元(officials also took $1.7 million)，调查该地区财务(begun investigating the district’s finances)。
最后的四段分别交代了学生父母、企业和学生们的反应。父母们为学校购买日常教学器具(buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities)，企业捐助，如一家雪佛兰经销商捐助一万美元，同时免除校车租金(A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgave the district’s $10,750 bill)，IBM捐助了实物(4,500 packs of paper)。之后的一段简单解释了募捐的原因。最后一段是学生们的行动：建立网站随时发布该事件的进展情况(We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.)。
26.What has happened to the Vrain School District?
A)A huge financial problem has arisen.在线学英语 体验请申请：
B)Many schools there are mismanaged.C)Lots of teachers in the district are planning to quit.D)Many administrative personnel have been laid off.(A)
题目问Vrain校区发生了什么事情。从第一段可知，Vrain校区发生了资金短缺($13.8 million budget shortage)，而通读全篇后可知，这一难题的影响非常严重。
A，发生了严重的财务困难。资金短缺(budget shortage)也就是财务困难，可以选A。
B，那里许多学校管理不善。此选项考查对the Vrain school District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement一句的理解。前半句的理解应该不成问题，意思是该校区力图解决一个1380万的预算缺口。后面的blamed on mismanagement是理解的关键，blamed是个被动语态，这里省略了is，而这个句子的完整形式应该是个which引导的从句：shortage which is blamed on mismanagement。Blamed sth on sth 是把某事物的错误归因于另一事物，在句中就是“预算短缺的原因被归咎于管理不善”。这样的话，管理不善的对象就是预算而不是学校。
C，该校区的许多教师计划离职。文中引用了一位学生家长的话：we really don’t want to lose them because of this，表达了人们对预算短缺可能导致教师离去的后果。但文中没有指出教师是否计划(planning)离职，或者是否有“很多”(many)教师有此想法。
D，许多管理人员遭到解雇。文中没有相关叙述。
27.How did the residents in the Vrain School District respond to the budget shortage?
A)They felt somewhat helpless about it.B)They accused those responsible for it.C)They pooled their efforts to help solve it.D)They demanded a through investigation.(C)
题目问这个校区的居民对预算短缺如何反应。
A，他们对此事有些爱莫能助。
B，他们谴责此事的罪魁祸首们。
C，他们为解决此事共同出力。
D，他们要求彻查此事。
文章开头一句话即是叙述居民们如何努力帮助教师与学校官员们：residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators。Pitch in词组是努力投入的意思，可见居民们对此事十分重视，力争帮助学校走出难关。C的叙述符合这个意思，而A的叙述与C的意思恰好相反，可以排除。至于B，从全篇来看，对居民们的描写均为始终是如何帮助学校，没有提到谴责谁的问题，也没有要求彻查此事——要求调查此事的是Coffman(At Coffman’s request——在Coffman的要求下——the District Attorney has begun investigating the district’s finances)，而他是一位官员，不是该地居民。
28.In the view of State Treasurer Mike Coffman, the educational budget shortage is ________.A)unavoidable
B)unthinkable 在线学英语 体验请申请：
C)insolvable
D)irreversible(B)
题目问在Mike Coffman看来，教育预算短缺是„„
A，不可避免的。
B，不可想象的。
C，无法解决的。
D，不能取消的。
文章讲到Coffman的地方一共三处，第一次是引用了他对预算短缺事件的评论：It’s extraordinary.Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level。意思是“这太不寻常了。谁也想不到会发生这样的事，这种程度的事”。第二次是他拟定了一份紧急贷款方案(Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan)，第三次是他要求调查地区财政(At Coffman’s request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the district’s finances)。
从本题的题意及四个选项来看，应该考查的是对第一处——也就是他的发言的理解。Coffman的发言首先指出此事的extraordinary，不同寻常;而后表示了惊讶——谁也想不到会发生这样的事，这种程度的事。他对此事的态度大体上是“不可思议”。这样A和D明显不对，B的说法正确，至于C，引言中无法体现出来，而结合后面二处的描写，也没有发现“无法解决”的迹象，反倒是紧急贷款和调查财政等雷厉风行的行事态度显示出解决此事的决心。因为C的说法也不正确。
29.Why did Coffman request an investigation?
A)To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem.B)To find out the extent of the consequences of the case.C)To make sure that the school principals were innocent.D)To stop the voters approving the $212 million bong issue.(A)
题目问Coffman为什么要求展开调查。
文中讲述Coffman要求调查此案是在第六段，除此外再无段落出现相关叙述，因此只要完全理解这一段的意思就可以做出正确的解答。
At Coffman’s request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the district’s finances.Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools.这一段共2句话。第一句指出Coffman要求调查地区财务。第二句是一个长句，主结构是Coffman says „„这样一个主谓宾结构。宾语从句中依然嵌套一个宾语从句he wants to know whether„„后面内容的意思是“是否地区官员掩盖了预算短缺问题，直到十一月投票发生以后„„”后半句是一个非限制性定语从句，when指代的是十一月投票，意思是在十一月投票中，“投票者通过了二亿一千二百万美元的学校公债事项。”这样，Coffman所怀疑的就是地区官员有可能在十一月投票中掩盖了预算短缺问题，以使公债事项得以通过。
A，看是否有故意掩盖问题的行为。这一说法与文意一致。
B，看一看此事的后果严重到什么程度。这个说法没有着落点。
C，确定学校官员是无辜的。文章没有提到类似的内容。
D，阻止选民通过二亿一千二百万美元的公债事项。理解文意可知，这 在线学英语 体验请申请：
一公债事项早在十一月投票就已经通过，现在不可能再去阻止。
30.Three high school students started a website in order to ________.A)attract greater public attention to their needs
B)appeal to the public for contributions and donations
C)expose officials who neglected their duties
D)keep people properly informed of the crisis(D)
题目问三家高中的学生开设了一家网站，其目的是什么。
A，吸引更多的公共关注，以为己用。
B，呼吁公众捐献物资。
C，揭露玩忽职守的官员们。
D，使人们随时得知此次危机事件的真实进展。
文章提到学生建设网站之事是在最后一段。At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum(论坛)。“Rumors about what’s happening to the district are moving at lighting speed,” said a student.“We wanted to know the truth, and spread that around instead.”
第一句叙述了学生们建设网站的事实，第二句引用了学生们的原话，解释了建设网站的原因。前一句意思是“关于这个地区发生了什么的谣言传得向闪电一样快”，后一句的意思是“我们想去了解真相，然后把真相传播出去。”注意后一句里面使用的时态：wanted用的是一般过去时，表示这一想法是建设网站之初的想法，而不是现在的想法，这样就可推断出这一想法就是建站的目的。四个选项中只有D符合这个意思。
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Passage Two
I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again.There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men.I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting.What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom.But while earning my Ph.D.at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me.My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender(性别)politics.So were my failures.Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus(相对于)right brain, or nature versus nurture(培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore.It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues.Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City.Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women.You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45.I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children.And I don’t dismiss those concerns.Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories.Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments.And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science.And that’s a sight worth talking about.62.Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?
A)She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.B)She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.C)She is not good at telling stories of the kind.D)She finds space research more important
63.From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author’s failures to ________.A)the very fact that she is a woman
B)her involvement in gender politics
C)her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist
D)the burden she bears in a male-dominated society
64.What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D.and post-doctoral research?
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A)Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.B)Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.C)People’s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists.D)Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.65.Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?
A)Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.B)Her students’ performance has brought back her confidence.C)Her female students can do just as well as male students.D)More female students are pursuing science than before.66.What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?
A)Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.B)Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.C)Women can balance a career in science and having a family.D)Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.这是一篇与性别歧视有关的文章，讲的是女性应该如何面对性别歧视的问题。作者以第一人称的形式，以亲身的经历来说明女性在面对性别歧视时应该采取不屑一顾的态度。
全文一共四个大段，开篇为I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again，以“again”一词造成悬疑，引起读者对原因的探究，而后整个第一段叙述了相对于这一again的上一次作者面对性别问题时的态度;并解释了原因是兴趣不在于此(I never found them interesting)。
第二段开始初步为“again”释疑，叙述了作者从最初对性别问题的超然态度(it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom)转变为积极捍卫女性利益态度(I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind)的过程。
第三段进一步为“again”释疑，叙述作者重又悟出应回归超然态度的心理经历。从Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory这一问一答可以看出，虽然多年过去，但作者用以对付性别问题这一心理重担的利器依然是兴趣(don’t study sociology or political theory)。
最后一段叙述了作者重归超然态度后如何教导学生正确地面对性别问题。在有些学生因性别问题(如何在科学研究和生儿育女间的愿望之间做出选择)而忧虑时，作者以身言教(heavily pregnant doing physics experiments)，告诉学生们应该忘记性别问题。作者的表率起了作用，像她们的老师一样，学生们把精力完全放在了兴趣上面(45 women driven by a love of science)。
文章的内容虽然涉及了社会问题，但切入角度是主观第一人称，语言修辞上更为接近散文(essay)的风格，所以相对于议论文、说明文较容易理解。
62.Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?
A)She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.B)She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.C)She is not good at telling stories of the kind.D)She finds space research more important.这道题某权威机构给的答案是B，She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination，我认为这个结论有待商榷。
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题目问作者为什么不想再一次谈论作为一个女科学家的感受。四个选项的意思是：
A，工作在一个男性主导的领域里让她感到不快乐。
B，她对性别歧视问题感到厌倦了。
C，她不善于讲述此类故事。
D，她发现太空研究更为重要。
文章第一段就讲述了作者不愿再评论自己作为女科学家的事实。这一段的意思是这样的：
我不想再一次谈论我作为女性科学家的事情。在我的人生中，有那么一段时间，人们总是问我，在一个被男性主导的领域中工作都会发生什么故事。我从来都不善于给他们讲述那些故事，因为，说真的，我觉得那些故事一点意思也没有。让我觉得有意思的是宇宙的起源，时空的形状，和黑洞的本质。
结合全文来看，第二段叙述作者曾经陷入女性主义的炽热情绪当中，而后作者用了10年时间回归了对性别问题的超然态度(It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19)，这也是题目中使用again的原因。第二段最后一句：I don’t study sociology or political theory，我不是研究社会学或者政治理论的，体现出作者把性别问题归于学术或政治问题，而女性作为当事人不应参与其中的态度。
显然，文中没有提到她在男性主导的领域中工作高兴与否，对于性别歧视问题，作者只是因对问题本身兴趣不大，而不善于讲述。作者的态度显而易见，她对性别问题表示了不屑一顾，也就不存在B所说的厌烦了的问题。这样ABC都可以排除，D说她发现太空研究更为重要，与第一段最后一句话意思相符。
63.From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author’s failures to ________.A)the very fact that she is a woman
B)her involvement in gender politics
C)her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist
D)the burden she bears in a male-dominated society
题目问从第二段可以推断出人们把作者的失败归于什么。
A，她是一个女人的事实。
B，她参与了性别政治。
C，她作为女天体物理学家的过于自信。
D，在男性主导的社会中她身负重担。
第二段讲的是作者对性别问题的态度由不在乎转变为热情关注的过程。19岁时完全超脱(it did not bother me in the least)，麻省理工求学及之后研究时开始受到干扰(the issue started to bother me)，这种干扰就是作者所有的成就：工作、研究论文、获奖，都受到性别偏见这副有色眼镜的过滤(viewed through the lens of gender politics)，而后作者写了一句So were my failures，so在这里是代指，指代viewed through the lens of gender politics，即my failures were also viewed through the lens of gender politics，意思就是人们是从性别政治的角度看待她的失败，也就是认为她的失败是由性别偏见引起的。这样的话，符合这个意思的只有A。
B所说的她参与了性别政治是个迷惑选项。参与性别政治是指为女性利益奔走呼号，第二段末尾也确实提到了作者的女性主义热情，但这是性别歧视发生之后才可以进行的，否则，如果没有发生歧视，奋力捍卫女性的利益的缘由就
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不存在了。而作者的失败，如果是因性别问题而起的话，则是早于失败之前就已经发生作用了。因此从逻辑上讲，作者自己的失败应该是先于参与捍卫女性利益发生的，后者不可能成为前者发生的原因。
64.What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D.and post-doctoral research?
A)Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.B)Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.C)People’s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists.D)Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.题目问作者在攻读哲学博士和进行博士后研究时要同什么进行不断地斗争。
四个选项中，A说是缺少在太空科学领域成功的信心。文章提到了作者失去信心的问题，It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19，但这个信心是作者在面对世人对女性偏见时有信心不予理睬，而不是科研领域的信心。
B说是来自她的圈内圈外的不公平指责。世人戴着性别的有色眼镜看她(was viewed through the lens of gender politics)，但这也仅仅是一种态度罢了，还没到指责、责难的地步。所以B的说法不能算对。
C说是人们对女性科学家的固有态度。文中第二段从But while earning my Ph.D.at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me这句开始，讲述了作者面对世人成见时如何挺身而出、为女性仗义执言。这也就是C 所表达的意思。
D说是对自然与培育的广泛误解。根据第二段，nature versus nurture的问题*考试&大是作者与人争论的话题之一，是诸多对女性的成见之一，文中具体举出的例子就另有left brain versus right brain。而作者要斗争的是所有遭受的成见，D所说的这其中一种成见不可能是题目所说的整个时期内一直都要斗争的对象。
65.Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?
A)Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.B)Her students’ performance has brought back her confidence.C)Her female students can do just as well as male students.D)More female students are pursuing science than before.题干问作者谈到她的班级时为何流露出满意之情。
与题目相关的原文是这样的：Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City.Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women.You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45，汉译为：我现在在纽约一所女子大学Barnard做研究和教书，最近有人问我，我的班级里45名学生中有多少个女生。你想象不到我能够回答“45个”时的满意之情。
从前文的叙述可以知道，作者一直需要面对的问题是在男性主导的领域女性太少的问题。19岁时，她是班里唯一的女生(the only woman in the classroom)，做研究后，人们总是问她在一个男性主导的领域里工作的情形(the only woman in the classroom work in a field dominated by men)。可见，在作者研究的领域里，女生是很少的，而现在班里45人全部是女生，作者很有可能是为在自己研究的领
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域里出现了这么多的女性而感到满意。在这里作者使用了Be able to answer而不直接用answer，暗含以前是不可能说出这样的数字的。这个词组的选用也暗示了作者是在为数字的由少到多而满意。
A，女生不再为性别问题而烦恼。最后一段有一句话：I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children，意思是作者知道有些学生还是为科研与家庭之间如何平衡而忧虑。这一叙述与A不符。
B，她的学生的表现使她重拾信心。文中没有提到她的学生表现如何。
C，她的女学生能与男学生做得一样好。文中没有类似的叙述。
D，追求科学研究的女生比以前多了。这一描述符合上文的分析。
66.What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?
A)Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.B)Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.C)Women can balance a career in science and having a family.D)Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.题目问作者展示给学生们的图景意味着什么。
文章的最后一段讲到了作者曾给学生展示过一个怀孕教师坚持做物理试验的图景。相关原文是：I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments，身怀六甲的物理教授依然在做物理实验。而这一行为的前因后果在第四段中也描述得很清楚。在这句话之前，作者给出了原因： I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children，一些学生担心不能很好地处理科研与生育孩子之间的平衡。作者为了消除学生们的担忧，便展示了这个图景。而在这句话之后，作者给出了结果：in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science，45个学生完全投入到科学之爱中。从这些前因后果可以看出，作者之所以展示这一图景，就是为了打消学生对于生育孩子会否影响科学研究的忧虑。
A，女生们无须为教授的怀孕担忧。这一图景的直接信号是要告诉女生们无须为教授担心，而传达的意义则是无须为她们自己生育孩子担心，而题目问的是“意味”着什么，因此A的说法不对。
B，女性在通往学术成功的道路上会遇到更多的障碍。教授展示此图景[考试[大]的目的就是为了告诉学生们怀孕并不会对科研造成什么障碍，所以B不对。
C，女性可以在科研和拥有家庭之间很好地平衡。符合前面的分析。
D，现在的女性在追求科研生涯时遇到的问题较以前少。应该说怀孕问题确实是一个问题，只是作者的观点在于不把这一问题看做是障碍而已。D的说法不对。
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