建筑安全专业英文翻译

第一篇：建筑安全专业英文翻译

模板工程安全管理

Security Management for formwork engineering

前言：企业安全生产事故的发生原因是多方面的，主要有违反操作规程或劳动纪律；教育培训不够，缺乏安全操作知识；生产设备不符合安全要求；安全防护设施缺少或存在缺陷等，但事故的根本原因在于人的不安全行为，因此企业安全生产的关键是改善人的行为方式，最大限度地减少人的不安全行为。

Preface:There are many reasons can cause the enterprise production safety accidents, mainly including violation of rules and labor disciplines,short of education training and the safe operation knowledge, production equipment does not suit the safety requirements, lack of the security facilities and flawed, however,the basic reason of the accident depends on the person’s unsafe behavior, so the key to the enterprise’s safety production is to improve people's behavior in order to reduce the unsafe behavior.目前企业安全文化的培养和建设，从员工的行为入手，提高他们的安全意识，确立企业的安全目标，倡导共同的安全价值观、思维方式和行为规范，由此营造员工心理认同和具有团体凝聚力的良好的安全生产环境和秩序，有效地调节和控制员工的行为，达到自律的最高境界。

At present, the training and construction of the enterprise culture starts from the stuff's behavior.Their safety awareness must be improved and establish the safety goals.Promote the common safety values as well as the thinking ways and behavior norms , from above we can creat staff psychological agreement and the group attention and a good safety environment as well as the order.Staff behavior can be effectively adjusted and controlled to reach the highest state of self-discipline.企业安全文化可以分为环境文化、物质文化、行为文化、意识文化几个方面。

Enterprise safety culture can be divided into the environment culture, material culture, behavior culture, cultural awareness several aspects.文化是抽象的，必须与管理实际相结合方能发挥应有的效应；而管理的实施也应该充分考虑企业文化的定位和建设，二者的有机融合，才能真正达到企业文化的建立和管理水平提高双赢的目的。

.Culture is abstract,it must be connected with the management and realities which can play the main effects.However,the measure of the management should also take fully consider of the enterprise culture’s position and the building.Both of them organic integration can really achieve the perposes of enterprise’s culture and the management level.下面以广东奥林匹克体育场工程为例，就如何实现二者的有机结合并以此促进大型建筑企业和大型工程项目的安全生产管理作一个初步的研究。

The following is an example of Guangdong Olympic Stadium Engineering on how to achieve the two organic combinations and after that promote large construction companies and large projects have safety production management for a first study.1.制定目标，建立体系——安全环境文化

1.Making goals, establish the system-safe environment and culture

作为施工总承包单位，不仅要高标准和严格按照合同履行业主提出的“质量、工期、投资”的“三控制”要求，同时必须落实好对整个工程施工安全生产的全方位控制。

As a total construction contract company, it should not only have high standards and strict accordance with the contract which has performed “ quality, duration and investment”the “three control” requirements,at the same time the company must take charge of the full range to the whole safety production construction.为此在工程动工之际，总承包项目经理部就提出了安全生产创“六无”的高标准管理目标，即实现“无重伤、无死亡、无坍塌、无中毒、无火灾、无重大机械事故”。

So at the beginning of the occasion, the general contractor project manager comes up with the safe production to create “six no” high standards manage goals,the aim is to achieve “no serious injuries, no deaths, no collapses, no poisoned, no fires and no major machinery accidents.” 与此同时，以项目总经理为安全生产第一责任人，成立了安全生产领导机构，并设置专门的安全生产管理部门，将安全生产管理责任制层层落实，严格抓好进场参建队伍的管理，组织其建立相应的安全生产管理机构并制定有关的责任制度、教育制度、安全技术交底制度、检查制度、奖罚制度等一整套现场安全管理的规章制度，并与各参建单位签订责任书，落实安全管理考核指标，在合同上明确安全生产施工的具体责任和严格的奖惩条款，坚决杜绝“三违”行为，做到“三不”（不伤害自己、不伤害别人、不被别人伤害），由此建立横到边、纵到底，专管成线、群管成网的安全管理体系，形成全员管理格局。

At the same time, to project General Manager for safety first responsibility people, has set up safety production, and set a specifical safety management sector, put safety management

accountability layer layer implementation, strictly catch the built team of management in and out, organization its founded corresponding of safety management institutions and developed the responsibility system, education system, safety technology low-down system, check system, rewards system,and set site security management of rules and regulations, and signed responsibility with all parameter built units take change of the management assessment index, in contract clearly safety construction of every responsibility and strictly of rewards and punishments terms, firmly give up an end to “three contrary to” behavior, do “three does not”(does not hurt themselves, does not hurt others and not be hurt by others), then established cross to edge, and longitudinal what, charge into line, and group tube into network of security management system, formed full management pattern.从设立消防台帐人手，完善动火审批制度、消防检查制度、奖罚制度、巡逻制度、仓库管理、火灾扑救及事故处理制度、危险品装运和使用规定，制定突发事件的应急方案等，建立施工现场防火的管理规章制度，坚持不懈抓消防，对液化煤气瓶的运输、储存和使用时的防晒、防爆、防火等都制定了严密的措施。

From established fire station account, perfect fire approval system, fire check system, rewards system, patrol system, warehouse management, fire fighting and the accident dealing

system, dangerous goods shipping and using provides, set up burst out event of emergency programme, established construction site fire of management rules, persistent caught fire, on liquefaction gas bottle of transport, store and use of anti-Sun, explosion-proof, fire, and the tight of measures.建立“总承包项目经理部防火责任人、分项目部防火责任人、专业施工队防火责任人、防火安全员——巡（监）火员、义务消防队”五级消防管理架构，组织了专门的治安防火巡逻队，配备对讲机等必要装备，形成全员参与、全天候群防群治的消防组织网络，工地设有专职巡火员40人，夜间巡逻队员8人，义务消防队员196人。

Established “total contract project manager Department fire responsibility people，devide project Department fire responsibility people, professional construction team fire responsibility people, fire security member--patrol(prison)fire member, and obligations fire team” five level fire management schema, organizate specifical security fire patrol, equipped with radio, necessary equipment, formed full participation,wait mass prevention and of fire organization network, site has full-time patrol fire Member 40 people, night patrol member 8 people, obligations fire Member 196 people.2.确定重点，加大投入——安全物质文化

2.Make sure the key, increase investment----safety material culture

为了控制好施工环境的安全因素，按照施工总平面布置的要求，严格管理各项施工设施。

In order to control the construction of environment factors,as the requirements of General construction layout strict with management and the construction of facilities.在基础施工阶段，基坑面积大、范围广，还有6个独立深大基坑，为了确保施工安全，将所有基坑周边围蔽起来，共设立1.2m高的防护栏长达2678m，并在道路旁边的基坑装设安全警示灯，边坡每隔6m竖起1个“严禁攀爬、防止触电”的警示牌，24小时监控边坡安全。

In Foundation construction stage, pit area large, range wide,besides there are 6 a independent deep large pits, to make sure the construction security, make all pits around surrounding coverd up, total established 1.2m high of protection bar up to 2678m, and set up security warning lamp next to the road, slope each across 6m up 1 “is strictly prohibited climbing, prevent shock” warning brands, 24 hours monitoring slope security.此外，考虑到本工程底板厚、面积大，钢筋绑扎作业人员多，为了切实保证生产安全，禁止电焊机进入底板范围，确保电源电缆与钢筋脱离接触。

In addition, considering the thickness of engineered floor, large area, reinforcement binding workers, in order to ensure the production safety, prohibition of the welding machine into the floor area, make sure the power cable and the disengagement of reinforcement.在设备机具的安全性和维修管理上严格设备进场的性能检查，严抓安装就位后的安全调试，并建立设备卡及时记录使用过程的故障、维修、保养情况，以保障施工设备的正常运转。对于特殊设备如塔吊、桩机等必须取得劳动监督部门的检验合格证方准使用；对井式提升笼强制要求使用12种安全装置，经检验合格并配备劳动监督部门认可的安全员方可投入使用。

Equipment implements security on the management and maintenance of strict entry of equipment performance checks, strict security after installation debugging and building equipment failure, repair and maintenance of records in a timely manner using process, to guarantee the normal operation of construction equipment.For special equipment such as tower cranes, pile driver must obtain a labour supervision Department of inspection certificate must use;on the hoist cage force 12 safety devices to use, approved by the qualified and equipped with labor watchdog security staff can be put into use.在消防方面强化管理，确保防火安全。

In fire protection and strengthening management, make sure fire safety.消防投入虽然看不到直接经济效益，但总承包项目经理部充分认识到“安全就是效益”，因此对于消防工作需要投入的经费，领导高度重视，该花的钱决不省，确保按照有关消防管理条例不折不扣地配备消防器材和设施，沿体育场周边设置了1条直径100mm，长约1600m的消防水管，四周设置了配备消防水带的消防栓，合理设置消防设施，如灭火器、消防箱、消防水池、消防沙堆等；各幢临时房屋上都架设了避雷针；施工期间又根据现场的实际情况投入20多万元，增设了1套消防专用供

水系统，这样使得工地的消防设施达到较高水平，整个消防系统配置完善、消防通道畅通，特别是宿舍、仓库、脚手架、模板堆场和易燃易爆物品临时存放点等重点监控部位，消防措施得力，有效地将火险隐患消灭在萌芽之中。

Although protection fire input can’t see the directly statistics, but total contract project manager Department full awareness of “security is benefit”,thus so for fire work,it needs funding input,leaders pay high attention, the money never spend province, ensure in accordance with about fire management Ordinance compromise to equipped with fire equipment and facilities, along Stadium around set has 1 section diameter 100mm, long about 1600m of fire pipes, around set has equipped with fire water with of fire suppository, reasonable set fire facilities,such as fire extinguisher, fire box, Fire pool, fire sand,and so on all building temporary housing Shang are erection lightning rod;during the construction as well as under site of reality input more than 200,000 yuan, additional 1 set fire dedicated water system, so that makes site of fire facilities reached high level, entire fire system configuration perfect, and fire channel smooth, especially hostels, warehouse, scaffold, template yard and flammable easy explosion articles temporary store points, focus monitoring parts, fire measures effect, effective to will fire hidden eradication in sprout in.施工场地的变换以及施工阶段的变化，导致施工用电线路改动工作量巨大。

Construction site chages and transformation period changes, leading to construction of power line changes to heavy workloads.总承包项目经理部始终严格执行建设部《施工现场临时用电安全技术规范》（JCJ48-88）的要求，临时用电针对不同施工阶段和不同专业特点，均编制有专项设计方案，坚持做到三级配电，两级保护，电箱实行“一机、一闸、一保护”制，照明、动力分别设置，采用TN-S接零保护系统。在施工现场及临设范围设置防雷系统，保证雷雨季节施工作业及居住环境的防雷安全。

Total contract project manager Department always strictly implementation construction site temporary electricity security technology specification under(JCJ48-88)of requirements, temporary electricity for different construction stage and different professional features, are prepared special design programme, adhere to do three level distribution, two level protection, electric box implemented “a machine, a gate, and a protection” system, lighting, and power respectively set, used TN-S received zero protection system.钢屋盖吊装作业时，重点监督吊装施工临时用电方案的实施，合理架设用电线路。

Lightning protection system for construction site and range setting,to be sure the thunderstorm season Lightning Safety of construction work and living environment.When hoisting of steel roof, with a focus on supervision and erection of temporary

power supply scheme implemented, mainly set up electricity lines.装修期间重点对电箱少装漏电保护器进行整顿，严厉查处使用“拖板”和乱接乱拉行为，并对碘钨灯的使用做出限制。

Decoration focus on fewer boxes during installation of residual current operated protective devices for straightening out, strictly investigated and “extension” and behavior, and use limitations for tungsten lamp.3.全面防御，重点监控——安全行为文化

3.Full defense, mainly monitoring----security behavior culture

3.1 统一思想，加强教育

3.1 seek unity, strengthen education

总承包项目经理部经常组织员工学习安全生产政策和法律法规，教育干部员工深刻领会安全生产的重要性和严肃性，同时认真落实安全技术交底制度，有针对性提出各个施工阶段的安全要求，包括临时施工用电、深基坑围护、高支模、高空吊装等专项设计和安全技术方案，制定和下达雨季施工、防雷、防暑、防台风等季节性专项安全措施，保证安全教育普及到施工现场的每位员工。

Total contract project manager Department often organization staff learning safety policy and legal regulations, education cadre staff deeply understand the importance of safety and seriousness, while seriously implementation security technology low-down system, there is targeted made all construction stage

of security requirements, including temporary construction electricity, and deep pit enclosure, high support die, high lifting, special design and security technology programme, developed and order rainy season construction, and anti-mine, and

Sunstroke prevention, Typhoon, and other seasonal special security measures, to make sure security education to each employee in the construction site.进场员工必须掌握必要的安全知识和安全技术，自觉遵守工作纪律和安全操作规程，保证忙而不乱，达到“我懂安全、我要安全、从我做起、保证安全”的根本目的。

Admission staff must be equipped with the necessary knowledge and security technologies, consciously obey work discipline and safety procedures,make sure the busy and in order, a “I understand safety, I want security, starting from me, being sure security” basic purposes.在施工高峰期现场人数多达5053人，全部人员都接受过严格的安全教育和培训，各种安全教育都签名存档。

At the construction site during the peak number of 5,053 people, all personnel are trained in the rigorous security education and training, safety education of all kinds are the signature archive.所有特殊工种（电工、电梯工、焊工等）均经专业培训，并持有专业主管部门签发的上岗合格证，由于措施得当，最大限度地提高了安全系数，为防止安全事故提供了有力保障。

All special types(electrician, Elevator workers, welders, etc)are specialized training, and holds a professional induction certificate issued by the competent authorities, due to correctly measure, maximizes safety, provides a strong guarantee for preventing safety accidents.组织各参建单位开展“做一件预防事故”、“忆一次事故教训”、“当一天安全员”的活动，以社会上活生生的惨痛案例进行安全教育，时刻警醒每位员工，提高他们的忧患意识，大大提高了教育效果。

Organize all participation units “accident prevention”, “recalls a lesson”, “As security guards in a day” campaign, to living bitter case of safety education in the community, time to time wake up each staff, enhance their awareness of hardship, greatly improving the educational effects.3.2 抓好防护，严格监控

3.2 Catch protection, strictly monitoring

落实有针对性的各类专项防范措施，下大力气解决存在的薄弱环节，严防高处坠落，对于高支模、深基坑、大型机械设备、大负荷用电设施等部位，定期监测，专人负责；对于高温、高湿、台风、易燃易爆等恶劣施工环境，制定周密的应急预案，管理到位，落实到人。

Targete various special prevention measures, deal with the weaknesses, prevent high Department fall,as for high support

die, deep pit, large machinery device, large load electricity facilities, parts, regularly monitoring, have only person responsible for it,as for high temperature, high wet, typhoon, flammable easy explosion, bad construction environment, make up the emergency plans carefully, management in place, implementation to people.（1）模板、脚手架和作业平台：上层看台坡度大，悬挑跨度大，外悬挑端支模高度近40m，是安全控制的重点部位之一，严格落实高支模的安全措施，是保证看台安全施工的关键。

templates, scaffolding and work platforms: upper stand slope, cantilever span, cantilever-side formwork height near 40m outside, security control is one of the important parts, strict security measures for implementation of high-formwork are the key to guarantee the safety of stand construction.为此，重点监控、落实模板搭建和拆除的安全保证措施，加强成品保护，防止支模立柱与外脚手架立杆共用等违章行为，消除支模的安全隐患。

Therefore, focusing on monitoring, implementation of safety guarantee for template building and clearing measures, forcing the finished product protection, prevent the formwork cdumn and scaffold upright sharing violation, get ride of the security risk.（2）塔柱与钢屋盖高空作业：由于塔柱形体高大，高空作业危险性大，故施工期间24小时派专人轮值，监控塔柱施工安全。

（2）Towers and steel roof aerial work: because the Tower body large, high risk, it sent 24 hour shifts during the construction period, monitoring of Tower column construction safety.钢结构屋盖高空安装作业采取在看台搭设满堂红操作平台的做法，为了加大安全系数，将钢管立杆与4层楼面钢筋混凝土立柱拉结在一起，加强棚架安全性能；在中间设置隔离层，加强走梯和通道的安全监控，采取悬挑铺平网保护，临边和靠近立杆的电箱以及其它设施加设防护棚，在棚架平台的周边设置1.2m高围护栏杆，并拉挂安全网，同时在使用中注重棚架的维护和检查。

Steel housing cover high installed job take in stands erection full red operation platform of practices, to increased safety factor, will pipe state rod and 4 layer building surface reinforced concrete column pull knot in together, strengthening scaffolding security performance;in middle set isolation layer, strengthening go ladder and channel of security monitoring, take hanging pick paved the network protection, p edge and near State rod of electric box and other facilities plus set protection shed, in scaffolding platform of around set 1.2m high enclosure railing, and pull hanging security network, In use at the same time focus on maintenance and inspection of scaffolding.在钢屋盖结构杆件焊接施工中，动火点多达6500多处，给消防管理工作带来了很大的压力。

Rod welding in the construction of steel roof structure, fire up to more than 6,500 points, brought a great deal of pressure to fire management work.为此，在焊接点部位专门设置了专用水箱，配置了相应的消防器材，加强了专人监控和检查。

To this end, the site has been specially set up a dedicated tank at the welding point, configure the appropriate fire-fighting equipment, strengthened the special monitoring and checking.（3）结构施工阶段，高空、立体、交叉作业施工繁多，安全防护主要以“三宝、四口、五临边”为重点，对28个梯口、96个进出口、36个洞口、35个井口和预留管道口、井式提升笼的进出料口等进行严格围蔽保护。

（3）Structures in the construction phase, high altitude, stereo, cross many construction, safety protection mainly in “three, four, five” focus on the import and export of 28 lifts, 96, 35, 36 hole well head pipes and reserved port, hoist cage in and out of the strictly enclosed protection material.对拆除排栅后形成的四周临边进行重点维护，同时及时加强围护施工过程中形成的新“口子”和临边等。

After demolition and drainage grid form around edges to focus on maintaining, at the same time strengthening enclosure

construction in a timely manner in the course of the new “find” and limb.（4）在污水处理池、渠箱、管沟和地下车道等施工中，针对“面窄沟深”的·特点，严抓“三宝”，执行安全标准，杜绝麻痹思想，统一使用钢管设置标准化防护栏杆，拉挂合格安全网，设置警示安全牌。

(4)in wastewater treatment, drainage tank, trench and underground in such construction as driveway against “narrow trenches deep” · characteristics, strict “three treasures”, implementation of security standards, put an end to vigilance, reunification uses steel tubes set standard protective railings, Hung qualified safety nets, set alert security.（5）施工现场烟民众多，为确保消防安全，在安全区域开设专门的吸烟点，配有专用水桶，严禁在非吸烟点吸烟，并严格奖罚制度。

(5)the construction site many smokers, to ensure fire safety, in the security zone set up special smoking point, with a dedicated bucket, is forbidden to smoke in non-smoking point, and strict punishment system.（6）进行钢筋取样时，必须先把作业模板淋湿，并配有灭火器及专人监控，作业完毕经检查符合消防安全要求后才能离开。

(6)for steel sample must be wet job templates, and are equipped with fire extinguishers and hand control, after the job is complete by checking compliance with fire safety requirements before we leave.3.3 加强检查，落实整改

3.3 strengthening checks, implementing rectification and reform

结合工地的实际特点，制定相关的防护措施，重点抓好安全防护和落实安全生产责任制，对重点部位实行重点检查、危险部位反复检查，着重查制度、查违章、查隐患，不断检查、督促、整改和落实，严查密检，确保人人、时时处于安全的良好状况，预防事故的发生。一旦发现问题，则一查到底，按章处罚并勒令整改，决不手软和姑息。

Combined the site characteristics, develop protection measures, focus on safety and the implementation of responsibility system for production safety, key checks imposed on key parts, hazardous site repeatedly checking, investigation system-oriented, investigate violations, examining risks, constant inspection，supervision，rectification

and implementation, a thorough investigation of the secret, and ensure the security of all, always in good condition, to prevent accidents from happening.Once problems are detected, investigated, punished and ordered to reorganize, not soft and palliative care.整改指令书明确规定整改的完成时间，并且按照IS09002的模式封闭，即整改指令书发出后，被要求整改单位要签署整改完成情况和时间，由安全管理部门核实整改情况后确认，才能将整改指令书归档存查。

Rectification and reform instruction book clearly defines the completion time for rectification and reform, and according to the IS09002 mode of closed, that is, after the issue of rectification and reform instruction book, were signed to reorganize by requiring the modification to completion and time, confirmed by the safety authorities after verifying the rectification, to rectification and reform instruction book archive file for reference.由于人员多，素质不一，总承包项目经理部特别重视狠抓个人防护问题，自始至终强制性要求按规范佩戴安全帽、高空作业必须系安全带等，对违反者一经发现立刻予以制止，耐心教育并严格按章处理，促使广大员工自觉使用防护措施。

Due to large numbers of varying quality, general contract project manager Department attached particular importance to pay close attention to personal protection, from beginning to end mandatory specifications must be wearing a safety helmet, aerial work, such as seat belts, for violations of those found to stop it immediately, patient education and in strict accordance with chapter, prompted the General staffs and consciously use of protective measures.3.4 积极活动，广泛宣传

3.4 Active activity wide publicity

积极开展安全生产周和“安康杯”活动。安全生产周是本工程现场强化安全活动的主要形式之一，每年都紧紧围绕这一主题开展内容丰富的活动，采取悬挂标语横幅、出宣传专刊、张贴宣传挂图等有效措施，广泛进行宣传教育，同时认真组织专项安全检查，成立“安康杯”安全竞赛活动领导机构，制定活动方案和安全保证措施，组织安全知识竞赛活动、安全大检查及专项安全检查，将安全生产意识，贯彻到每个员工日常的施工作业中。

Actively carry out safety production week, and “Ankang Cup”.Safety week is this engineering site strengthening security activities of main form one, annual are tightly around this a theme carried out content rich of activities, take hanging slogans banner, and out publicity special issue, and posted publicity charts, effective measures, widely for publicity education, while seriously organization special security checks, established “Ankang Cup” security race activities led institutions, developed activities programme and security guarantee measures, organization security knowledge race activities, and security large check and the special security checks, will safety consciousness, Daily construction jobs into each employee.在消防安全方面，充分利用实物、图片、录像等进行宣传教育，强化日常的安全防火教育。

In terms of fire safety, making full use of real objects and pictures, videos and other publicity and education, strengthening the day-to-day security and fire prevention education.在“安全生产活动周”和“119”宣传周活动中，邀请消防局的消防专家开设消防知识讲座，订做大型消防宣传标语，购买宣传挂图及消防宣传教育片等，进行广泛的宣传教育。

“Safety action week” and “119” awareness week activities, inviting fire station fire experts Forum of open fire, made a large fire propaganda slogans, buy publicity posters and propaganda and education of fire, and carry out extensive publicity and education.对传媒新闻报道保持高度警觉，社会上重大火灾事故见报当天就召集各参建单位有关管理人员开紧急会议，布置相应的工作，组织专项检查，及时将有关报道和评论组织学习，充分利用案例提高参建人员的消防意识，及时吸取社会上火灾事故的教训。

Remain alert to news media coverage, major fires in the community press day is called the participation units of management opened an emergency meeting, layout work, organize special inspection, organizational learning reports and comments in a timely manner, full use of the case raise participation consciousness of officers of the fire services, draw lessons from fires in the community in a timely manner.4.全员管理，成效显著——安全意识文化

4.staff management, effective----safety culture

经过上述努力，该项目在整个工程施工的978天中，未发生过一起重大安全事故，实现了“六无”安全管理目标，先后近500次接受国家、省、市各级领导的视察、检查以及国内外建筑同行的参观并得到高度评价。

Through these efforts, 978 days of the construction of the project in the project as a whole, has not been a major accident, that “six free” safety management objectives, has nearly 500 national, provincial and municipal leaders at all levels of inspections, checks, and building counterparts at home and abroad to visit and were highly evaluated.工程还荣获了国家优质工程“鲁班”奖，全国建筑业新技术应用金牌示范工程、广东省科技进步一等奖等20多个奖项以及被省、市评为安全生产文明施工优良样板工地、安全生产最佳样板工地，项目总经理连续3年被评为广州市安全生产标兵。

Engineering has also won the national quality engineering “Luban Award”, national demonstration project of gold in the application of new technologies in the construction industry, Guangdong Provincial Science and technology progress Prize, more than 20 awards and appraised by provincial and municipal excellent model site safety culture construction, safety in the best model sites, project 3 years in a row was named General Manager of Guangzhou production model.同时经过本工程安全生产管理实践，广大员工的安全生产意识大大提高，生产行为更为规范，更加自觉，形成

了一个良好的安全生产管理氛围，为今后类似大型工程施工的安全生产管理提供了有益的借鉴。

At the same time through the engineering safety management practice, greatly enhance the safety awareness of general staff, conduct more standard, more consciously, form a good atmosphere of safety production management, similar to the construction of major projects for the future management of safe production provide a useful reference.

第二篇：机械专业英文翻译

Design of machine and machine elements Machine design Machine design is the art of planning or devising new or improved machines to accomplish specific purposes.In general, a machine will consist of a combination of several different mechanical elements properly designed and arranged to work together, as a whole.During the initial planning of a machine, fundamental decisions must be made concerning loading, type of kinematic elements to be used, and correct utilization of the properties of engineering materials.Economic considerations are usually of prime importance when the design of new machinery is undertaken.In general, the lowest over-all costs are designed.Consideration should be given not only to the cost of design, manufacture the necessary safety features and be of pleasing external appearance.The objective is to produce a machine which is not only sufficiently rugged to function properly for a reasonable life, but is at the same time cheap enough to be economically feasible.The engineer in charge of the design of a machine should not only have adequate technical training, but must be a man of sound judgment and wide experience, qualities which are usually acquired only after considerable time has been spent in actual professional work.Design of machine elements

The principles of design are, of course, universal.The same theory or equations may be applied to a very small part, as in an instrument, or, to a larger but similar part used in a piece of heavy equipment.In no ease, however, should mathematical calculations be looked upon as absolute and final.They are all subject to the accuracy of the various assumptions, which must necessarily be made in engineering work.Sometimes only a portion of the total number of parts in a machine are designed on the basis of analytic calculations.The form and size of the remaining parts are designed on the basis of analytic calculations.On the other hand, if the machine is very expensive, or if weight is a factor, as in airplanes, design computations may then be made for almost all the parts.The purpose of the design calculations is, of course, to attempt to predict the stress or deformation in the part in order that it may sagely carry the loads, which will be imposed on it, and that it may last for the expected life of the machine.All calculations are, of course, dependent on the physical properties of the construction materials as determined by laboratory tests.A rational method of design attempts to take the results of relatively simple and fundamental tests such as tension, compression, torsion, and fatigue and apply them to all the complicated and involved situations encountered in present-day machinery.In addition, it has been amply proved that such details as surface condition, fillets, notches, manufacturing tolerances, and heat treatment have a market effect on the strength and useful life of a machine part.The design and drafting departments must specify completely all such particulars, must specify completely all such particulars, and thus exercise the necessary close control over the finished product.As mentioned above, machine design is a vast field of engineering technology.As such, it begins with the conception of an idea and follows through the various phases of design analysis, manufacturing, marketing and consumerism.The following is a list of the major areas of consideration in the general field of machine design: ① Initial design conception;

② Strength analysis;③ Materials selection;④ Appearance;⑤ Manufacturing;⑥ Safety;⑦ Environment effects;⑨ Reliability and life;

Strength is a measure of the ability to resist, without fails, forces which cause stresses and strains.The forces may be;① Gradually applied;② Suddenly applied;2

③ Applied under impact;④ Applied with continuous direction reversals;⑤ Applied at low or elevated temperatures.If a critical part of a machine fails, the whole machine must be shut down until a repair is made.Thus, when designing a new machine, it is extremely important that critical parts be made strong enough to prevent failure.The designer should determine as precisely as possible the nature, magnitude, direction and point of application of all forces.Machine design is mot, however, an exact science and it is, therefore, rarely possible to determine exactly all the applied forces.In addition, different samples of a specified material will exhibit somewhat different abilities to resist loads, temperatures and other environment conditions.In spite of this, design calculations based on appropriate assumptions are invaluable in the proper design of machine.Moreover, it is absolutely essential that a design engineer knows how and why parts fail so that reliable machines which require minimum maintenance can be designed.Sometimes, a failure can be serious, such as when a tire blows out on an automobile traveling at high speeds.On the other hand, a failure may be no more than a nuisance.An example is the loosening of the radiator hose in the automobile cooling system.The consequence of this latter failure is usually the loss of some radiator coolant, a condition which is readily detected and corrected.The type of load a part absorbs is just as significant as the magnitude.Generally speaking, dynamic loads with direction reversals cause greater difficulties than static loads and, therefore, fatigue strength must be considered.Another concern is whether the material is ductile or brittle.For example, brittle materials are considered to be unacceptable where fatigue is involved.In general, the design engineer must consider all possible modes of failure, which include the following: ① Stress;② Deformation;3

③ Wear;④ Corrosion;⑤ Vibration;⑥ Environmental damage;⑦ Loosening of fastening devices.The part sizes and shapes selected must also take into account many dimensional factors which produce external load effects such as geometric discontinuities, residual stresses due to forming of desired contours, and the application of interference fit joint.Selected from” design of machine elements”, 6th edition, m.f.sports, prentice-hall, inc., 1985 and “machine design”, Anthony Esposito, charles e., Merrill publishing company, 1975.Quality assurance and control

Product quality is of paramount importance in manufacturing.If quality is allowed deteriorate, then a manufacturer will soon find sales dropping off followed by a possible business failure.Customers expect quality in the products they buy, and if a manufacturer expects to establish and maintain a name in the business, quality control and assurance functions must be established and maintained before, throughout, and after the production process.Generally speaking, quality assurance encompasses all activities aimed at maintaining quality, including quality control.Quality assurance can be divided into three major areas.These include the following: ①Source and receiving inspection before manufacturing;②In-process quality control during manufacturing;③Quality assurance after manufacturing.Quality control after manufacture includes warranties and product service extended to the users of the product.Source and receiving inspection before manufacturing

Quality assurance often begins ling before any actual manufacturing takes place.This may be done through source inspections conducted at the plants that

supply materials, discrete parts, or subassemblies to manufacturer.The manufacturer’s source inspector travels to the supplier factory and inspects raw material or premanufactured parts and assemblies.Source inspections present an opportunity for the manufacturer to sort out and reject raw materials or parts before they are shipped to the manufacturer’s production facility.The responsibility of the source inspector is to check materials and parts against design specifications and to reject the item if specifications are not met.Source inspections may include many of the same inspections that will be used during production.Included in these are: ①Visual inspection;②Metallurgical testing;③Dimensional inspection;④Destructive and nondestructive inspection;⑤Performance inspection.Visual inspections

Visual inspections examine a product or material for such specifications as color, texture, surface finish, or overall appearance of an assembly to determine if there are any obvious deletions of major parts or hardware.Metallurgical testing

Metallurgical testing is often an important part of source inspection, especially if the primary raw material for manufacturing is stock metal such as bar stock or structural materials.Metals testing can involve all the major types of inspections including visual, chemical, spectrographic, and mechanical, which include hardness, tensile, shear, compression, and spectr5ographic analysis for alloy content.Metallurgical testing can be either destructive or nondestructive.Dimensional inspection

Few areas of quality control are as important in manufactured products as dimensional requirements.Dimensions are as important in source inspection as they are in the manufacturing process.This is especially critical if the source supplies parts for an assembly.Dimensions are inspected at the source factory

using standard measuring tools plus special fit, form, and function gages that may required.Meeting dimensional specifications is critical to interchangeability of manufactured parts and to the successful assembly of many parts into complex assemblies such as autos, ships, aircraft, and other multipart products.Destructive and nondestructive inspection

In some cases it may be necessary for the source inspections to call for destructive or nondestructive tests on raw materials or p0arts and assemblies.This is particularly true when large amounts of stock raw materials are involved.For example it may be necessary to inspect castings for flaws by radiographic, magnetic particle, or dye penetrant techniques before they are shipped to the manufacturer for final machining.Specifications calling for burn-in time for electronics or endurance run tests for mechanical components are further examples of nondestructive tests.It is sometimes necessary to test material and parts to destruction, but because of the costs and time involved destructive testing is avoided whenever possible.Examples include pressure tests to determine if safety factors are adequate in the design.Destructive tests are probably more frequent in the testing of prototype designs than in routine inspection of raw material or parts.Once design specifications are known to be met in regard to the strength of materials, it is often not necessary to test further parts to destruction unless they are genuinely suspect.Performance inspection

Performance inspections involve checking the function of assemblies, especially those of complex mechanical systems, prior to installation in other products.Examples include electronic equipment subcomponents, aircraft and auto engines, pumps, valves, and other mechanical systems requiring performance evaluation prior to their shipment and final installation.Selected form “modern materials and manufacturing process”

Electro-hydraulic drum brakes Application

The YWW series electro-hydraulic brake is a normally closed brake, suitable for horizontal mounting.It is mainly used in portal cranes, bucket stacker/reclaimers’slewing mechanism.The YKW series electro-hydraulic brake is a normally opened brake, suitable for horizontal mounting, employing a thruster as actuator.with the foot controlling switch the operator can release or close the brake.It is mainly used for deceleration braking of portal cranes’slewing mechanism.In a non-operating state the machinery can be braked by a manual close device.The RKW series brake is a normally opened brake, which is operated by foot driven hydraulic pump, suitable for horizontal mounting.Mainly used in the slewing mechanism of middle and small portal cranes.When needed, the brake is activated by a manual closed device.Main design features Interlocking shoes balancing devices(patented technology)constantly equalizes the clearance of brake shoes on both sides and made adjustment unnecessary, thus avoiding one side of the brake lining sticking to the brake wheel.The brake is equipped with a shoed autoaligning device.Main hinge points are equipped with self-lubricating bearing, making high efficiency of transmission, long service life.Lubricating is unnecessary during operation.Adjustable bracket ensure the brake works well.The brake spring is arranged inside a square tube and a surveyor’s rod is placed on one side.It is easy to read braking torque value and avoid measuring and computing.Brake lining is of card whole-piece shaping structure, easy to replace.Brake linings of various materials such as half-metal(non-asbestos)hard and half-hard, soft(including asbestos)substance are available for customers to choose.All adopt the company’s new types of thruster as corollary equipment which work accurately and have long life.Hydraulic Power Transmission The Two Types Of Power Transmission

In hydraulic power transmission the apparatus(pump)used for conversion of the mechanical(or electrical,thermal)energy to hydraulic energy is arranged on the input of the kinematic chain ,and the apparatus(motor)used for conversion of the hydraulic energy to mechanical energy is arranged on the output(fig.2-1)

The theoretical design of the energy converters depends on the component of the bernouilli equation to be used for hydraulic power transmission.In systerms where, mainly, hydrostatic pressure is utilized, displacement(hydrostatic)pumps and motors are used, while in those where the hydrodynamic pressure is utilized is utilized gor power transmission hydrodynamic energy converters(e.g.centrifugal pumps)are used.The specific characteristic of the energy converters is the weight required for transmission of unit power.It can be demonstrated that the use of hydrostatic energy converters for the low and medium powers, and of hydrodynamic energy converters of high power are more favorite(fig.2-2).This is the main reason why hydrostatic energy converters are used in industrial apparatus.transformation of the energy in hydraulic transmission.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.driving motor(electric, diesel engine);mechanical energy;pump;

hydraulic energy;

hydraulic motor;mechanical energy;

load variation of the mass per unit power in hydrostatic and hydrodynamic energy converters

1、hydrostatic;2.hydrodynamic Only displacement energy converters are dealt with in the following.The

elements performing converters provide one or several size.Expansion of the working chambers in a pump is produced by the external energy admitted, and in the motor by the hydraulic energy.Inflow of the fluid occurs during expansion of the working chamber, while the outflow(displacement)is realized during contraction.Such devices are usually called displacement energy converters.The Hydrostatic Power

In order to have a fluid of volume V1 flowing in a vessel at pressure work spent on compression W1 and transfer of the process, let us imagine a piston mechanism(fig.2-3(a))which may be connected with the aid of valves Z0 and Z1 to the external medium under pressure P0 and reservoir of pressure p1.in the upper position of the piston(x=x0)with Z0 open the cylinder chamber is filled with fluid of volume V0 and pressure P0.now shut the value Z0 and start the piston moving downwards.If Z1 is shut the fluid volume in position X=X1 of the piston decreases from V0 to V1, while the pressure rises to P1.the external work required for actuation of the piston(assuming isothermal change)is W1=-∫0x0(P-P0)Adx=-∫v1v0(P-P0)dv

Select from Hydraulic Power Transmission

机器和机器零件的设计

机器设计

机器设计为了特定的目的而发明或改进机器的一种艺术。一般来讲，机器时有多种不同的合理设计并有序装配在一起的部件构成的，在最初的机器设计阶段，必须基本明确负载、元件的运动情况、工程材料的合理使用性能。负责新机器的设计最初的最重要的是经济性考虑。一般来说，选择总成本最低的设计方案，不仅要考虑设计、制造、销售、安装的成本。还要考虑服务的费用，机械要保证必要的安全性能和美观的外形。

制造机器的目标不仅要追求保证只用功能的合理寿命，还要保证足够便宜以同时保证其经济的可行性。负责设计机器的工程师，不仅要经过专业的培训，而且必须是一个准确判断而又有丰富经验的人，具有一种有足够时间从事专门的实际工作的素质。

机器零件的设计

相同的理论或方程可应用在一个一起的非常小的零件上，也可用在一个复杂的设备的大型相似件上，既然如此，毫无疑问，数学计算是绝对的和最终的。他们都符合不同的设想，这必须由工程量决定。有时，一台机器的零件全部计算仅仅是设计的一部分。零件的结构和尺寸通常根据实际考虑。另一方面，如果机器和昂贵，或者质量很重要，例如飞机，那麽每一个零件都要设计计算。

当然，设计计算的目的是试图预测零件的应力和变形，以保证其安全的带动负载，这是必要的，并且其也许影响到机器的最终寿命。当然，所有的计算依赖于这些结构材料通过试验测定的物理性能。国际上的设计方法试图通过从一些相对简单的而基本的实验中得到一些结果，这些试验，例如结构复杂的及现代机械设计到的电压、转矩和疲劳强度。

另外，可以充分证明，一些细节，如表面粗糙度、圆角、开槽、制造公差和热处理都对机械零件的强度及使用寿命有影响。设计和构建布局要完全详细地说明每一个细节，并且对最终产品进行必要的测试。

综上所述，机械设计是一个非常宽的工程技术领域。例如，从设计理念到设计分析的每一个阶段，制造，市场，销售。以下是机械设计的一般领域应考虑的主要方面的清单：

①最初的设计理念

②受力分析

③材料的选择

④外形

⑤制造

⑥安全性

⑦环境影响

⑧可靠性及寿命

在没有破坏的情况下，强度是抵抗引起应力和应变的一种量度。这些力可能是：

①渐变力

②瞬时力

③冲击力

④不断变化的力

⑤温差

如果一个机器的关键件损坏，整个机器必须关闭，直到修理好为止。设计一台新机器时，关键件具有足够的抵抗破坏的能力是非常重要的。设计者应尽可能准确地确定所有的性质、大小、方向及作用点。机器设计不是这样，但精确的科学是这样，因此很难准确地确定所有力。另外，一种特殊材料的不同样本会显现出不同的性能，像抗负载、温度和其他外部条件。尽管如此，在机械设计中给予合理综合的设计计算是非常有用的。

此外，显而易见的是一个知道零件是如何和为什麽破坏的设计师可以设计出需要很少维修的可靠机器。有时，一次失败是严重的，例如高速行驶的汽车的轮胎爆裂。另一方面，失败未必是麻烦。例如，汽车的冷却系统的散热器皮带管松开。这种破坏的后果通常是损失一些散热片，可以探测并改正过来。零件负载类型是一个重要的标志。一般而言，变化的动负载比静负载会引起更大的差异。因此，疲劳强度必须符合。另一个关心的方面是这种材料是否直或易碎。例如有疲劳破坏的地方不易使用易碎的材料。一般的，设计师要靠考虑所有破坏情况，其包括以下方面：

①应力

②应变

③外形

④腐蚀

⑤震动

⑥外部环境破坏

⑦紧固件的松脱

零件的尺寸和外形的选择也有很多因素。外部负荷的影响，如几何间断，由于轮廓而产生的残余应力和组合件干涉。

质量保证与控制

产品质量是生产中最重要的。如果放任质量恶化下去，生产者会很快发现销售量锐减，可能从而会导致产业的失败。用户期望他们买的产品质量性能好，而且如果制造商想建立并维持其信誉，必须在产品制造前制造过程中及制造过程后进行质量控制和质量保证。一般来说，质量保证包括所有的活动，其包括质量建立和质量控制。质量保证可以被分为三个主要领域，他们如下所述： ①制造之前的原材料的检查 ②在制造加工过程中的质量控制 ③制造之后的质量保证

生产制造后的质量控制包括保证书和面对产品用户的服务。生产制造之前的原材料检验

质量保证常常在实际生产制造之前就开始了。这些都是生产者在供应原材料、散件或配件的车间里进行检验。生产制造公司的原材料检验员到供应厂并且检查原材料及于制造的另配件。原材料检验为生产者提供了一次机会，那就是在原料及散件被运到生产车间之前先进行挑选淘汰。原料检察员的责任是去检查原料和零件是否达到设计规格并且淘汰那些未达到特殊指标的原料。原料检验有很多于检查产品相同的检验。其如下所述： ①目测 ②冶金测试 ③尺寸测试

④损伤检验 ⑤性能检验目测

目测检验一种产品或原料的某些特征，如颜色、纹理、表面光洁度或部件的总体外观，从而判断其是否具有明显的缺损。冶金测试

冶金测试常常是原料间严厉的一个很重要的部分，尤其是像棒料、建筑材料毛坯一些原材料。金属测试包含所有主要的检验类型，其中有目测，化学检验，光谱检验和机械性能检验，其包括硬度、伸缩性能、剪切性能、压缩性能和合成 12

成分的光谱分析。冶金测试既可用于成品件也可用于预制件。尺寸检验

质量控制的一些领域是重要的生产件的要求尺寸。尺寸在检验过程中，像其在生产过程中一样重要。如果这些零件是为总成供应的，那尺寸尤其严格。一些尺寸在生产车间用标准测量工具进行检验，像特种接头、造型和需求的功能标准度量。符合尺寸规格对所制造多部件的互换性和对多部件成功组装成复杂的装置，如汽车、轮船、飞机和其他多部件产品都地极其重要的。损伤检验

在一些情况下，对原材料或零部件采取损伤测试的原始测验是很必要的。特别是涉及到大批的原材料时。例如，在被运到生产车间作最终机器之前，对铸件进行X-射线、电磁离子、染色渗透剂技术的探伤是很必要的，又对机器总成的电子或持久运作测试而确定的规格，是无损测试的又一例证。有时，对材料及零件的测试是很必要的，但由于无损测试的花费和成本及时间不是任何时候都允许的。

例如，有压力测试决定在设计中其是否安全。损伤测试经常用于设计样机的测试，而不是原材料或零件的常规检验。一旦设计达到了所希望的材料强度，通常对零件做进一步的损伤测试是不必要的，除非他们确实存在疑点。

性能测试

性能测试在零部件被其他产品被安装之前，检查部件的功能，尤其是那些机械构造复杂的部件。例如电子设备零件，飞机和汽车发动机，泵、阀及其他需要在装运和最后安装前进行性能测验的机械系统。

选自《现代材料和制造工艺》

汽车起重机的不同类型

根据汽车吊的使用情况，像：工作的范围，工作的自然情况。他们的构造装备体现着不同的理念。

1、工作范围（不同的设计）

当起重机工作在一个小范围内（仓库，码头，戏台等）告诉是没有必要的。根据这种应用，我们的装置最高速为35km/h。

驱动装置布置在后面，集成了车辆和起重机的控制，这种类型称为：单驱起重机。当起重机在大场地内工作时，有几个较远的工作点，高速轴就是必要的了。随之而来的，布置在车辆后端的单驱动是不可能的。由于这个原因，提供两个驱动是必要的，相对的允许像传统卡车那样驱动车辆。这种类型的起重机，在构造上必须装备一个特殊的变速箱，对起重机允许像传统车辆那样的前进和后退。我们这种类型的起重机装备了一个特殊的变速箱，可以提供一个前进速度和一个后退速度，一般其最大运输速度为：55/60km/h，这种类型称为双驱起重机。

2、地面情况

当起重机操作困难时，在平整的路面上（体育场，码头，仓库等）起构造是传统概念的单驱动的运输工具。

如果起重机离开路面移动到恶劣路况下（脏且沙软的路面）不平的，其构造根据“全工况路面”的限定标准而建立，其要求实现：

双驱甚至是三驱；两种速度范围，有一个特别慢的值；不同驱动轴的转换系统；轴端的特殊轴承；特殊的制动；提供低压的大尺寸的轮胎，在软地面上运转；独立的大车轮；悬空的地面监视和清晰的构造是非常重要的；安装及驾驶服务

所有的主要点是绝对必要的对于在无路的情况下的各种类型的车辆，有一个良好的运行。

当然起重机不得不在各种路况下工作，为此其装备了双驱。

（附图见英文资料）

液力传动

动力传动的两种类型

在液力传动中，用来将机械能（电能、化学能）转化成液力能的装置（泵）被布置在传动链的输入端，而用来将液力能转化成机械能的装置（马达）被布置在输出端。（图2-1）

这种能量转化的理论上的设计依据是液力传动的各部分的伯努里方程。

在系统中，流体静压力主要用来替代泵和马达，而在某些方面，流体动力是作为液力能转化后的力传动而被利用的（如离心泵）这种能量转换的特征取决于单位力的传动。他能说明这种微小力的液体静压力能转换和高压力的液体动力能转换更受人们的欢迎。（图2-2）者是液力转换被应用于工业器械的主要原因。液力传动的能量转换

1、原动机（电机、内燃机）

2、机械能

3、泵

4、液力能

5、液压马达

6、机械能

7、负载在流体静力能和流体动力能中单位里的质量变化

替代能量转换仅应用以下几方面，在液体静压力转换中相关的替代执行元件提供一个或数个工作室，他们恒定或尺寸可变。

泵的工作室在外部能量进入时伸长，马达是靠液力能，工作是伸长时液体流入，而收缩时实现流体流出。这些装置通常被称为能量转换装置。液体充满一个体积为V1的容器，在压力P1下所作的功W是压缩功W1和改变液体的功W2组成的。

为了分析这个过程，让我们假设一个活塞机构（图2-3（a）），它是有两个阀Z0、Z1和贮液器连接而成，表面压力为P0，贮

液器内部压力为 P1，活塞处于上部的X=X0处，Z0打开，液体充满体积为V0的汽缸，压力为 P0，现在关闭阀Z0，并且开始向下移动活塞，如果 Z1关闭，当活塞下降到 X=X1处时，液体体积由V0变为V1，此时压力升至P1，驱动活塞所作的外部功是（假设热量改变）

W1=-∫X1X0(P-P0)Adx=-∫V1V0(P-P0)dv

制动器的应用

YWW系列电力液压块式制动器是一种常闭、卧式安装的制动器，主要用于门座式起重机、斗轮堆取料机以及中大型塔式起重机回转机构的制动。

YKW系列电力液压块式制动器是一种常开、卧式安装的制动器，推动器为闭合（上闸）驱动装置，它通过脚踏开关控制，司机在司机室内可随意空。主要用于门座式起重机和塔式起重机等回转机构的减速制动。当需要在机构断电时（非工作状态）进行制动，可通过增设手动闭合（上闸）来实现。

RKW系列制动器为常开式、液压驱动、卧式安装的制动器。通过脚踏式液压泵进行控制，可实现随意制动。主要用于中小型门座式起重机和塔式起重机的回转机构。带有手动闭合（上闸）装置，在非工作状态下有需要时，可通过其进行维持制动。主要设计特点

联锁式退距均等装置，专利技术，在使用过程中可始终保持两侧瓦块制动衬浮贴制动轮的现象；设有瓦块自动随位装置。

主要摆动铰点均设有自动润滑轴承，传动效率高，寿命长，在使用过程中无需润滑。

设有可调式支撑装置，确保制动器工作灵活自如。

制动弹簧在方管内布置）（仅YWW产品）并在一侧设有标尺，用户可十分方便的读出制动力距值，免去测量和计算的麻烦。

制动衬垫为卡装式整体结构，更换十分方便，快捷，备有半金属（无石棉）硬质和半硬质，软质（含石棉）等不同材质的制动衬垫供用户选择。全部采用本公司新型推动器配套，动作灵敏，寿命长。

第三篇：大学专业英文翻译

建筑系：Architecture

土木工程：Civil Engineering

流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering

制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering 化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment 电气工程 Electrical Engineering

电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus 电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation 高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology 电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives

电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering 电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology 物理电子学 Physical Electronics 电路与系统 Circuits and Systems

微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics 电磁场与微波技术 Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology 信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering 通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems 信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing 控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering

控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering

检测技术与自动化装置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment 系统工程 Systems Engineering

模式识别与智能系统 Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems 导航、制导与控制 Navigation, Guidance and Control 计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology 计算机软件与理论 Computer Software and Theory 计算机系统结构 Computer Systems Organization 计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology 建筑学 Architecture

建筑历史与理论 Architectural History and Theory 建筑设计及其理论 Architectural Design and Theory

城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计）Urban Planning and Design(including Landscape Planning and Design)

建筑技术科学 Building Technology Science 土木工程 Civil Engineering

岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering 结构工程 Structural Engineering 市政工程 Municipal Engineering

供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering

防灾减灾工程及防护工程 Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering

桥梁与隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering 水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering

水文学及水资源 Hydrology and Water Resources 水力学及河流动力学 Hydraulics and River Dynamics 水工结构工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering

水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering

港口、海岸及近海工程 Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering 测绘科学与技术 Surveying and Mapping

大地测量学与测量工程 Geodesy and Survey Engineering 摄影测量与遥感 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

地图制图学与地理信息工程 Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering 化学工程与技术 Chemical Engineering and Technology 化学工程 Chemical Engineering 化学工艺 Chemical Technology 生物化工 Biochemical Engineering 应用化学 Applied Chemistry 工业催化 Industrial Catalysis

地质资源与地质工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering 矿产普查与勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration 地球探测与信息技术 Geodetection and Information Technology 地质工程 Geological Engineering 矿业工程 Mineral Engineering 采矿工程 Mining Engineering

矿物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering

安全技术及工程 Safety Technology and Engineering 石油与天然气工程 Oil and Natural Gas Engineering 油气井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering

油气田开发工程 Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering

油气储运工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering 纺织科学与工程 Textile Science and Engineering 纺织工程 Textile Engineering

纺织材料与纺织品设计 Textile Material and Textiles Design

纺织化学与染整工程 Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering 服装设计与工程 Clothing Design and Engineering

轻工技术与工程 The Light Industry Technology and Engineering 制浆造纸工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering 制糖工程 Sugar Engineering

发酵工程 Fermentation Engineering

皮革化学与工程 Leather Chemistry and Engineering

交通运输工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering 道路与铁道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering

交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering & Control 交通运输规划与管理 Transportation Planning and Management 载运工具运用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering

船舶与海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering 船舶与海洋结构物设计制造 Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure

轮机工程 Marine Engine Engineering

水声工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering

航空宇航科学与技术 Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology 飞行器设计 Flight Vehicle Design

航空宇航推进理论与工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering 航空宇航器制造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle 人机与环境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering 兵器科学与技术 Armament Science and Technology

武器系统与运用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering 兵器发射理论与技术 Armament Launch Theory and Technology

火炮、自动武器与弹药工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering 军事化学与烟火技术 Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics 核科学与技术 Nuclear Science and Technology

核能科学与工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering 核燃料循环与材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials 核技术及应用 Nuclear Technology and Applications

辐射防护及环境保护 Radiation and Environmental Protection 农业工程 Agricultural Engineering

农业机械化工程 Agricultural Mechanization Engineering 农业水土工程 Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering

农业生物环境与能源工程 Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering 农业电气化与自动化 Agricultural Electrification and Automation 林业工程 Forestry Engineering 森林工程 Forest Engineering

木材科学与技术 Wood Science and Technology

林产化学加工工程 Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products 环境科学与工程 Environmental Science and Engineering 环境科学 Environmental Science 环境工程 Environmental Engineering 生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering

食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering 食品科学 Food Science

粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering 农产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products 水产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products 农学 Agriculture 作物学 Crop Science

作物栽培学与耕作学 Crop Cultivation and Farming System 作物遗传育种学 Crop Genetics and Breeding 园艺学 Horticulture 果树学 Pomology 蔬菜学 Olericulture 茶学 Tea Science

农业资源利用学 Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources 土壤学 Soil Science

植物营养学 Plant Nutrition 植物保护学 Plant Protection 植物病理学 Plant Pathology

农业昆虫与害虫防治 Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control 农药学 Pesticide Science 畜牧学 Animal Science

动物遗传育种与繁殖 Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Science

动物营养与饲料科学 Animal Nutrition and Feed Science 草业科学 Practaculture Science

特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等）The Rearing of Special-type Economic Animals(including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学 Veterinary Medicine

基础兽医学 Basic Veterinary Medicine

预防兽医学 Preventive Veterinary Medicine 临床兽医学 Clinical Veterinary Medicine 林学 Forestry

林木遗传育种学 Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding 森林培育学 Silviculture

森林保护学 Forest Protection 森林经理学 Forest Management

野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization 园林植物与观赏园艺 Ornamental Plants and Horticulture

水土保持与荒漠化防治 Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating 水产学 Fisheries Science

水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science 捕捞学 Fishing Science

渔业资源学 Science of Fisheries Resources 医学 Medicine

基础医学 Basic Medicine

人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology 免疫学 Immunology

病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms

病理学与病理生理学 Pathology and Pathophysiology 法医学 Forensic Medicine 放射医学 Radiation Medicine

航空航天与航海医学 Aerospace and Nautical medicine 临床医学 Clinical Medicine

内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学）Internal medicine(including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)

儿科学 Pediatrics 老年医学 Geriatrics 神经病学 Neurology

精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health 皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology 影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine 临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 护理学 Nursing

外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学）Surgery(General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology 眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty 耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology 肿瘤学 Oncology

康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy 运动医学 Sports Medicine 麻醉学 Anesthesiology

急诊医学 Emergency Medicine 口腔医学 Stomatology

口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology 口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology

公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine 流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics

劳动卫生与环境卫生学 Occupational and Environmental Health 营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene

儿少卫生与妇幼保健学 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health 卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology

军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine 中医学 Chinese Medicine

中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine

仪器科学与光电工程学院 School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering

1、测控技术与仪器 Measurement & Control Technology and Instrument

2、光信息科学与技术 Optic Information Science & Technology

机械与汽车工程学院 School of Machinery and Automobile Engineering

3、车辆工程 Vehicles Engineering

4、工业工程 Industrial Engineering

5、工业设计 Industry Design

6、过程装备与控制工程 Process Equipment & Control Engineering

7、机械设计制造及其自动化 Machine Design & Manufacture & Its Automation

8、交通工程 Transportation Engineering

9、热能与动力工程 Thermal Energy & Power Engineering

材料科学与工程学院 School of Material Science and Engineering

10、金属材料工程 Metal Materials Engineering

11、材料物理 Materials Physics

12、无机非金属材料工程 Inorganic Non-metallic Materials Engineering

13、材料成型及控制工程 Material Forming & Control Engineering

电气与自动化工程学院 School of Electric Engineering and Automation

14、电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and Automation

15、生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering

16、自动化 Automation

计算机与信息学院 School of Computer and Information

17、计算机科学与技术 Computer Science & Technology

18、电子信息工程 Electronic Information Engineering

19、电子信息科学与技术 Electronic Information Science & Technology 20、通信工程 Communications Engineering

21、信息安全Information Security

化学工程学院 School of Chemical Engineering

22、高分子材料与工程 Macromolecule Material and Engineering

23、化学工程与工艺 Chemical Engineering and Technics

24、制药工程 Pharmacy Engineering

25、应用化学 Applied Chemistry

土木建筑工程学院 School of Civil Engineering

26、给排水工程 Water Supply & Drainage Engineering

27、工程力学 Engineering Mechanics

28、水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering

29、土木工程 Civil Engineering 30、建筑环境与设备工程 Architectural Environment & Equipment Engineering 建筑与艺术学院 School of Architecture and Arts

31、城市规划 Urban Planning

32、建筑学 Architecture

33、艺术设计 Artistic Design

资源与环境学院 School of Resources and Environment

34、地理信息系统 Geographic Information System

35、环境工程 Environment Engineering

36、勘查技术与工程 Exploration Technology & Engineering

37、资源勘查工程 Resources Exploration Engineering

理学院 School of Sciences

38、电子科学与技术 Electronic Science & Technology

39、数学与应用数学 Applied Mathematics 40、微电子学 Microelectronics

41、信息与计算科学 Science of Information & Computation

42、应用物理学 Applied Physics

管理学院 School of Management

43、电子商务 Electronic Commerce

44、会计学 Accounting

45、工商管理 Business Management

46、劳动与社会保障 Labour and Social Security

47、信息管理与信息系统 Information Management & System

48、旅游管理 Tourism Management

49、市场营销 Marketing

人文经济学院 School of Humanities and Economics

50、财政学 Finance

51、广告学 Advertisement

52、国际经济与贸易 International Economy & Trade

53、经济学 Economics

54、思想政治教育 Education in Ideology and Politics

55、英语 English

56、法学 Law

57、社会工作 Social Work

生物与食品工程学院 School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering

58、生物工程 Bioengineering

59、生物技术 Biotechnology 60、食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering

第四篇：计算机专业课程名称英文翻译

计算机专业课程名称英文翻译

（计算机科学与技术（教师教育）专业的课程名称和英文名称）中国现代史纲要 Outline of Moderm Chinese History 5 大学英语 College English 6 大学体育 College PE 7 心理学 Psychology 8 教育学 Pedagogy 9 现代教育技术 Modern Technology 10 教师口语 Teachers' Oral Skill 11 形势与政策 Current Situation and Policy 12 大学生就业与指导 Career Guidance 13 学科教学法 Course Teaching Methodology 14 生理与心理健康教育15 环境与可持续发展 Environment and Sustainable Development 16 文献检索 Literature Retrieval 17 大学体育 College PE 18 大学语文 College Chinese 19 高等数学 Higher Mathematics 20 计算机导论 Introduction to ComputerScience 21 程序设计基础 Programming Foundations

Health and Physiology Education 22 程序设计基础实验 Experimentation of ProgrammingFoundations 23 线性代数 Linear Algebra 24 大学物理 College Physics 25 大学物理实验 Experimentation of CollegePhysics 26 电路与电子技术 Circuits and Electronics 27 电工与电子技术实验 Experimentation of Circuits andElectronics 28 数字逻辑电路 Digital Logic Circuit 29 数字逻辑电路 Experimentation of DigitalLogic Circuit 30 离散数学 Discrete Mathematics 31 数据结构 Data Structures 32 数据结构实验 Experimentation of DataStructures 33 计算机组成与系统结构Architecture 34 操作系统 Operating System 35 操作系统实验 Experimentation of Operating System 36 计算机网络 Computer Network 37 计算机网络实验 Experimentation of Computer Network 38 面向对象程序设计 Object-Oriented Programming 39 面向对象程序设计实验Programming 40 汇编语言程序设计 Assembly Language

of Object-Oriented Computer Organization and Experimentation 41 汇编语言程序设计实验 Experimentation of Assembly Language 42 概率与数理统计 Probability and Statistics 43 JAVA语言 Java Language 45 JAVA语言实验 Experimentation of Java Language 46 数据库原理 Databases Principles 47 数据库原理实验 Experimentation of Databases Pninciples 48 专业英语 Discipline English 49 人工智能导论 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence 50 算法设计与分析 Design and Analysis Of Algorithms 51 微机系统与接口 Microcomputer System and Interface 52 编译原理 Compiling Principles 53 编译原理实验 Experimentation of Compiling 54 数学建模 Mathematics Modeling 55 软件工程 Software Engineering

计算机专业课程名称英文翻译下（2）

（计算机科学与技术（教师教育）专业的课程名称和英文名称）56 软件工程实验 Experimentation of Software Engineering 57 嵌入式系统 Embedded System 58 嵌入式系统实验 Experimentation of Embedded System 59 多媒体技术 Multimedia Technology 60 Experimentation of Multimedia Technology 61 信息系统分析与设计 Object-Oriented Analysis and Design 62 UNIX操作系统分析 UNIX System Analysis 63 UNIX/Linux操作系统分析 Experimentation of UNIX/Linux SystemAnalysis 64 单片机原理 Principles of Single-ChipComputer 65 信息安全与保密概论 Introduction to Security andm Cryptography 66 Web应用技术 Applications of Web 67 高级数据库应用技术Advanced Application of Database Technology 68 组网技术 Technology ofBuildingNetwork 69 组网技术实验 Technology of Building Network 70 计算机图形学 Computer Graphics 71 嵌入式接口技术 Embedded Interface 72 嵌入式接口技术实验Experimentation of Embedded Interface 73 数字图像处理 Digital Images Processing 74 数字图像处理实验 Digital Images Processing 75 网络应用软件开发 Network Application Development

XML原理与应用 XML Principle and Application 77 XML原理与应用实验 Experimentation ofXML Principle

andApplication 78 计算机系统维护 Maintenance of Computer System 79 计算机系统维护实验 Experimentation of Computer

Maintenance 80 网络管理技术 Network Management Technology 81 网络管理技术实验 Experimentation of NetworkManagement 82 数据仓库与数据挖掘 Data Storage and Data Digging 83 项目管理 Project Management 84 软件开发实例 Cases of Sotiware Development 85 企业资源规划(ERP)Enterprise Resource Planning 86 新技术 New Technology 87 科研创作指导 Supervision in Science ResearchCreation 88 电子商务概论 Introduction of ElectronicBusiness 89 计算机辅助教学 Computer Aided Teaching

另：

计算机导论 Introduction to ComputerScience 程序设计基础 Foundations ofProgramming 电路与电子技术 Circuits and Electronics 数字逻辑电路 Digital Logic Circuit 离散数学 Discrete Mathematics 数据结构 Data Structures 计算机组成与系统结构 Computer Organization and Architecture 操作系统 Operating System 计算机网络 Computer Network 面向对象程序设计 Object-Oriented Progjamming 数据库原理 Databases Principles