2018小高考冲刺卷(四)

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第一篇:2018小高考冲刺卷(四)

小高考冲刺卷(四)

地理

本试卷满分100分,考试时间75分钟。

一、单项选择题:在下列各小题的四个选项中,只有一个选项最符合题目要求(本部分共30小题,每小题2分,共60分)。

北京时间2016年10月17日7时30分“神舟十一号”飞船在中国酒泉卫星发射中心发射成功。据此完成第1~3题。

1.“神舟十一号”飞船发射成功,伦敦时间为()A.17日22时30分B.17日15时30分 C.16日23时30分D.16日19时30分

2.太阳系八大行星中,地球的“左邻右舍”分别是()A.金星、火星B.土星、木星C.水星、金星D.水星、木星

3.“神舟十一号”飞船发射成功时,下列四城市中,白昼最长的是()A.北京B.南京C.广州D.悉尼

4.下列四个城市中,自转线速度最大的是()A.哈尔滨B.北京C.南京D.广州 “乞力马扎罗的雪”美丽、迷人。图1是美国航天局地球观测站在同一地点拍摄到的该山雪景图片,据此完成5~6题。

图1 5.图示景观变化反映的突出环境问题是()A.火山活动强烈B.臭氧层空洞加剧 C.全球气候变暖D.全球气候变干

6.应对该环境问题的根本措施是()A.推广使用无氟制冷产品B.倡导低碳生活、节能减排 C.加强跨区域水资源调配D.加强自然保护区的建设 读某地景观图(图2),完成7~8题。

图2

7.图示景观对应的自然带是()

A.温带落叶阔叶林带B.亚热带常绿阔叶林带 C.热带雨林带D.热带草原带

8.该景观自然带形成的主要原因是()

A.常年受赤道低气压带控制B.常年受副热带高气压带控制 C.受西风带及副高交替控制D.受赤道低气压带及信风带交替控制

图3为北半球三圏环流和气压带、风带位置示意图,甲、乙分别地处亚欧大陆西岸和东岸。读图完成9~11题。

图3 9.④风带的风向为()

A.东北风B.东南风C.西北风D.西南风

10.有关甲处气候特征的说法,正确的是()A.终年高温多雨B.夏季高温多雨 C.全年温和湿润D.冬季温和多雨

11.乙处与甲处纬度位置相似,但气候特征差异显著,其主要原因是乙处()A.受④、⑤带交替控制B.受季风环流影响 C.受③、④带交替控制D.位于④带背风坡

2016年9月28日4时40分前后,台风“鲇鱼”登陆福建省泉州市惠安县沿海,中心附近最大风力有12级(33米/秒)。据此完成12~13题。

12.造成此次泉州市强降水的天气系统是()

ABCD

13.与郊区相比,城市洪灾更加频发的主要原因是()A.降水时间更长B.地下水位更高C.径流汇流时间更短

D.下渗作用更大

“雅丹”源于维吾尔语,意指具有陡壁的小山。在地质学上,雅丹地貌专指经长期外力作用形成的一系列平行的垄脊和沟槽构成的景观。读雅丹景观图(图4),完成14~15题。

图4 14.构成图中雅丹地貌的岩石属于()A.变质岩B.喷出岩C.侵入岩D.沉积岩 15.塑造雅丹地貌的主要外力作用是()

A.风力堆积B.风力侵蚀C.流水侵蚀D.流水堆积

图5为黄河三角洲城市体系示意图。读图完成16~17题。

图5

16.关于图中信息的叙述,正确的是()

A.滨州市的等级比济南高,服务范围比寿光小 B.济南是黄河三角洲范围内最低等级的城市 C.滨州市与东营市之间没有明确的区域界线 D.东营市的形成与发展主要受矿产的影响

17.由于黄土高原生态环境的改善,近年来,黄河三角洲滩涂淤积速度减慢,这体现了地理环境的()

A.差异性B.整体性C.开放性D.综合性

读1995-2009年我国某省级行政区户籍人口迁移变动情况图(图6),结合所学知识,完成18~19题。

图6 18.1995-2009年,该省级行政区户籍人口()A.迁入率持续上升B.迁出率持续降低

C.机械增长率缓慢下降 D.累计净迁入量逐年增加 19.从人口迁移模式看,该省级行政区可能是()A.上海B.安徽 C.湖南 D.河南

图7为我国某城市中心区迁移示意图。读图回答20~21题。

图7 20.该地区城市化的主要表现是()A.经济水平提高 B.城市等级上升 C.交通通达度提高D.城市地域范围扩大

21.影响该城市中心区发生迁移的主要原因是()A.城市人口增长 B.交通方式变化 C.经济规模扩大D.生活方式改变

读漫画(图8)——“圣诞老人划船送礼”,回答22~23题。

图8 22.图中所示环境问题产生的主要原因可能是()A.过度开采地下水

B.大量燃烧化石燃料 C.扩大湿地面积D.大量排放污水

23.发展循环经济是应对上述环境问题、实现可持续发展的重要途径。不符合循环经济的行为是()

A.生产企业和销售企业全程实行清洁生产 B.消费者选用环保产品,减少废弃物排放 C.政府加强对产品生命周期的环境监管 D.围湖造地,增加土地面积发展房地产 图9表示某河流流域范围,读图完成24~25题。

图9 24.造成流域内Ⅰ、Ⅱ两区域差异的主要因素是()A.降水B.地形C.植被D.气温

25.要合理开发利用该河流及其流域的优势资源,下列说法不正确的是()A.Ⅰ区域内应大力发展乳畜业B.Ⅱ区域内宜发展耕作业 C.Ⅰ区河段宜开发水电D.Ⅱ区河段宜引水灌溉

读德国鲁尔区(图10)和我国鞍山钢铁工业基地图(图11),比较两地的区位特点,回答26~27题。

图10图11

26.两地发展钢铁工业,相同的区位因素是()

①接近煤炭产地 ②水陆交通便利 ③市场广阔 ④有大量廉价劳动力 A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②④

27.从20世纪80年代初开始,鞍钢工业基地效益越来越差,在整治过程中可以向鲁尔区借鉴的经验有()

①调整工业结构 ②发展第三产业 ③优化环境 ④从外区调入大量淡水 A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②④

图12 图12为我国部分地区主要土地利用类型分布示意图,读图完成28~30题。28.目前,甲、乙、丙所在区域的主要生态问题分别是()A.森林减少、湿地破坏、土地荒漠化 B.土地荒漠化、湿地破坏、森林减少 C.森林减少、土地荒漠化、湿地破坏 D.湿地破坏、土地荒漠化、森林减少

29.导致甲所在区域生态问题的主要原因是()A.过度放牧B.过度开垦

C.水资源不合理利用D.过度砍伐

30.丙所在区域农业可持续发展应采取的主要措施是()A.开辟水源,合理灌溉B.植树造林,保持水土 C.合理采伐,及时抚育D.退耕还湿,建保护区

二、判断题:判断下列各题的正确与错误,正确的填A,错误的填B(本部分共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)。

31.太阳活动最主要的标志是光球层中的太阳风。()32.岩石圈物质循环中,三大类岩石之间都可以直接相互转化。()33.海陆热力性质差异是形成东亚季风的主要原因。()34.地球内部由外到内可划分为岩石圈、地幔和地核三个圈层。()35.陆地上的水主要靠陆地内循环补给。()36.城市的等级越高,其数目越多,服务范围越大。()37.当今,水土流失和土地荒漠化都属于生态破坏中的环境问题。()38.随着运输条件和生产技术的改进,工业区位受原料产地的制约越来越小。()39.城市建筑景观和格局等往往反映出地域文化对城市的影响。()40.为了实现可持续发展,我们应当大力提倡低碳生活。()

三、综合题:(本部分4大题,共30分)。

41.地理环境各要素相互联系、相互影响,构成了一个有机整体。读图13,完成下列问题。(9分)

图13(1)在“气压带与风带模式图”中甲地相应的位置用箭头画出该风带的风向。(1分)(2)在“洋流分布模式图”中,b处洋流属于________(暖流或寒流)。g处洋流对“气候类型分布模式图”中的F处沿海地区气候的影响是_________________________。(2分)(3)D气候类型的特点是___________,成因是________________________,与之对应的同纬度地区大陆东岸G区的自然带是__________________________。(3分)(4)在“自然带分布模式图”中,沿自然带①②③④方向的变化体现了地理环境地域分异规律中的________________地域分异,其成因是___________________________。(2分)

(5)以上各地理要素的相互关系体现了地理环境的____________________特征。(1分)42.读图14,回答下列问题。(7分)

图14 某地地质剖面示意图

(1)甲处地质构造是________;丙处地质构造是__________。(2分)

(2)乙处成山的原因是__________________________________________________。(1分)(3)图中所示的水循环类型为__________,丁环节为__________。(2分)

(4)丙地河流蕴藏有丰富的水力资源,原因是_____________、_____________。(2分)43.阅读相关材料,回答下列问题。(7分)

材料一 “十二五”期间,内蒙古自治区将加强与北京市的合作,主要包括积极承接北京市产业转移;通过煤炭就地转化、发展风电等新能源,实施“西电东送”;建设绿色农畜产品基地等。

材料二 图15为我国部分地区简图。

图15

(1)在我国三大自然区中,北京位于________区,内蒙古自治区主要位于____________区。(2分)

(2)内蒙古自治区向北京市调运能源的主要原因有________________________________________________________________________。(2分)

(3)内蒙古自治区承接北京市产业转移,对当地的影响主要有____________________、____________________等。(2分)

(4)制约该地区矿产资源开发利用的主要自然因素是__。(1分)44.读下列材料,回答问题。(7分)

材料一 新中国成立以来,我国的很多地区农业生产发生了翻天覆地的变化,图16中A、B、C、D所在区域的农业均得到了快速的发展。

图16图17 基塘模式

材料二 基塘模式(如图17)是通过挖塘抬田形成基塘传统的桑基鱼塘。如今,“蔗基鱼塘”、“果基鱼塘”、“花基鱼塘”等更多形式的基塘农业不断出现。

(1)从农业地域类型来看,A是__________,其生产特点是________________________________________________________________________。(2分)

(2)从影响农业的区位因素来看,限制A地农业发展的主要区位因素是________________________________________________________________________。(1分)

(3)C地区特色农业生产模式如图17所示,分析材料二,C地区该农业生产模式所属农业地域类型是____________;该农业地域类型,澳大利亚墨累达令盆地分布最为典型,该农业地域类型的显著优点有____________________、__________________。(3分)

(4)近年来,C、D两地区城市周边的农民纷纷放弃粮食生产,改种蔬菜、花卉、瓜果等农业产品,决定其调整生产对象的首要区位因素是____________。(1分)

第二篇:2018小高考冲刺卷(三)答案(范文模版)

小高考冲刺卷(三)

一、单项选择题

1.D 解析:太阳直射北半球,南京的昼长大于夜长,即昼长时间大于12小时。2.A 解析:直射点位置几乎相同的节气是以夏至日或冬至日对称的节气。3.A 解析:亚欧大陆上形成高压且高压势力强盛,故多为冬季。

4.B 解析:雷阵雨一般发生在我国夏季午后;从图中可以看出冷锋已过境,未来数日天气逐渐转暖。

5.B 解析:图中H因为城市温度高,故近地面形成热低压;甲处为乡村,形成相对冷高压,故风向由高压指向低压,在地转偏向力作用下形成西北风。

6.D 解析:等压面向高空弯曲的地方是高压;等温面向高空弯曲的地方温度较高。7.A 解析:甲地为温带海洋性气候,终年温和湿润,最低月气温大于0℃。乙地为地中海气候,年降水量在300~1000mm,主要集中在冬季。

8.C 解析:N地盛行东南风时,北半球为夏季。蒙古高压势力在冬季强盛;丁地仍为温带大陆性气候;南京昼长大于夜长。

9.C 解析:图示为冷锋。丙处为暖气团控制,甲处为冷锋过境后冷气团控制,乙处是冷锋过境时。

10.B 解析:甲处为冷气团控制,天气转晴;乙处冷锋过境,过境后天气转晴;丙处即将冷锋过境,风力增大,天气转阴。

11.B 解析:雁荡山是流纹岩古火山,故为岩浆岩;图中丁为岩浆、乙为岩浆岩、甲为变质岩、丙为沉积岩。一般来说两个箭头进、两个箭头出表示变质岩。只有岩浆才能形成岩浆岩。

12.D 解析:峡谷主要由流水侵蚀作用形成的。

13.C 解析:图中①⑤为温带森林带;②④为温带草原带;③为温带荒漠带。14.A 解析:⑤―④―③体现了从沿海向内陆的地域分异规律,以水分为基础。15.B 解析:在市中心,①利用效益最低,③利用效益最高,故①为工业用地、②为居住用地、③为商业用地。

16.C 解析:该城市空间结构以市中心为圆心形成同心圆模式。

17.B 解析:④在1990年后变化幅度较大,故为城镇人口规模;②的总趋势是下降的,故为家庭规模。

18.C 解析:②的总趋势是下降的,因为婚育观念不断改变,导致家庭人口规模也变小。19.C 解析:咖啡是热带经济作物,其分布的主导因素是热量。20.B 解析:咖啡种植为种植园农业。

21.C 解析:①地商品率高且种植业和畜牧业所占比重相似,故为混合农业。22.D 解析:②种植业比重大,畜牧业和商品率都低,为水稻种植业。

23.D 解析:从图中可以看出,净收入随距城市中心距离而发生变化的,最高点在居民区附近,故为家具制造业。

24.D 解析:市中心地租高。

25.C 解析:工业分散有利于充分利用各国先进技术。26.A 解析:组装厂为劳动力密集型企业。

27.B 解析:夏季风的强弱,导致我国南涝北旱或南旱北涝。28.B 解析:P处降水较多的季节是夏季。

29.D 解析:农业粮食估产主要是RS和GIS;地震灾情评估和城市减困房安置主要是GIS。

30.C 解析:川气东输改善输入地的能源消费结构,减轻了大气污染。

二、判断题

31.A 解析:太阳活动强烈爆发时,会干扰无线电短波通信。

32.B 解析:岩石圈位于软流层以上,不包括软流层,由坚硬的岩石组成。

33.B 解析:大气圈、水圈、岩石圈和生物圈四个圈层构成了人类赖以生存的自然地理环境。

34.B 解析:前提是在热力环流中,气温低的气压高。但是如副热带高压就是气压温,气压也高。

35.A 解析:差异性要求我们农业生产要因地制宜。36.B 解析:背斜成山、向斜成谷主要是内力作用形成的。

37.B 解析:工业文明时期的人地关系思想主要表现为人地关系最紧张。38.A 解析:影响人口迁移主要因素是经济因素,但不是决定因素。39.B 解析:西北干旱地区农业发展过程中带来的主要问题是土地荒漠化。40.B 解析:塔里木盆地中的绿洲属于非地带性现象。

三、综合题 41.(8分)(1)18日22时32分 C 快(3分)(2)广州 广州(2分)(3)黄赤交角 昼夜长短 四季(3分)解析:(1)图中A为春分日、B为夏至日、C为秋分日、D为冬至日。

(2)太阳直射北半球,北半球纬度越高,昼越短。越靠近直射点,正午太阳高度越大。(3)记住黄赤交角的意义。42.(共9分)(1)20 9(2分)(2)夏季高温多雨,冬季温和少雨(1分)(3)航速减慢(费时)能耗增加(耗能)(2分)(4)乳畜业 光热不足,不利于谷物种植;全年较湿润,利于多汁牧草生长。(2分)(5)原因:郊区较市区地价低、环境优美;郊区基础设施逐渐完善;市区与郊区的交通、通信日趋便捷。(任写二点,2分)解析:(1)当西四区的时间为12:00时,则伦敦时间为16:00。

(2)拉沃拉耶最冷月气温在0度以上且雨热同期,则为亚热带季风性(湿润)气候,其气候特征是夏季高温多雨,冬季温和少雨。

(3)洋流为巴西暖流,自北向南流。

(4)英国地处温带海洋性气候的乳畜业,故自然原因是光热不足,不利于谷物种植;全年较湿润,利于多汁牧草生长。

(5)郊区城市化现象的原因是郊区较市区地价低、环境优美;郊区基础设施逐渐完善;市区与郊区的交通、通信日趋便捷。

43.(7分)(1)有利:增加就业机会;促进经济发展;促进产业结构升级(任写一点,1分)不利:可能造成环境污染。(1分)(2)交通运输 甲(2分)(3)水旱灾害多发(1分)(4)人为原因:植被破坏,水土流失加剧;围湖造田,湖泊萎缩。(任写一点,1分)措施:以水土保持为中心,营造防护林;严禁沿湖围垦,退耕还湖;搞好分洪工程等。(任写一点,1分)解析:(1)产业转移对转出区和转入区的意义要记牢。(2)大型机车制造厂建在甲处原因有交通便利,水源充足。(3)江汉平原地处我国季风气候区,因旱涝灾害,故水利工程量大。

(4)鄱阳湖面积不断萎缩的人为原因是植被破坏,水土流失加剧,河床淤积;围湖造田。44.(共6分)(1)南暖北寒 南北温差大(2分)(2)亚洲(西伯利亚、蒙古)高压(反气旋)寒冷干燥(2分)(3)有利:夏季高温多雨,雨热同期,有利于作物生长。(1分)不利:旱涝灾害频发;冬季寒潮使作物易受冻害。(任写一点,1分)解析:第(1)问,影响气温的主要因素是太阳高度角和昼夜长短,冬季北方太阳高度角小,夜较长,故地表获得的太阳辐射较少。第(2)问,东北地区为温带季风气候区,故冬季寒冷干燥。第(3)问,影响要答有利和不利影响,这个要记得。

第三篇:2018小高考冲刺卷(二)

小高考冲刺卷(二)

地理

本试卷满分100分,考试时间75分钟。

一、单项选择题:在下列各小题的四个选项中,只有一个选项最符合题目要求(本部分共30小题,每小题2分,共60分)。

图1

2016年10月17日7时30分,我国在酒泉成功发射“神舟十一号”载人飞船。结合图1,回答1~2题。

1.“神舟十一号”发射时()

A.莫斯科(东三区)日当正午

B.纽约(西五区)繁星闪烁 C.伦敦(零时区)夜幕深沉

D.东京(东九区)夕阳西下

2.酒泉与其他三大航天基地相比()

A.气候海洋性特征明显

B.气候大陆性特征明显 C.正午太阳高度最大

D.植被覆盖率最高

图2

读图2,回答3~4题。

3.天体甲可能为()

A.木星或土星

B.天王星或海王星 C.水星或金星

D.月球或火星

4.天体甲不可能存在生命的主要原因是()

A.没有固体外壳

B.温度过高,表面无液态水 C.体积太大,表面压强过高

D.公转速度太慢 读某区域某时刻海平面等压线图(图3),回答5~6题。

图3

5.此时北京的天气特征是()

A.干热

B.干冷

C.湿冷

D.湿热

6.①、②两地气候相比()

A.都具有明显的大陆性

B.都具有明显的海洋性 C.形成原因完全相同

D.①地的降水变率小于②地 读汾河谷地景观图(图4),回答7~8题。

图4 7.图中谷地形成的主要原因是()

A.河流侵蚀作用

B.冰川侵蚀作用 C.断层发育,地势下沉

D.风力侵蚀作用

8.汾河谷地两岸黄土台地广泛分布,其黄土可能来源于()A.东部湿润地区

B.青藏高寒地区 C.西北干旱地区

D.北方半湿润地区 读福建省豪山植被垂直分布示意图(图5),回答9~10题。

图5

9.海拔800米以下缺乏原生植被的原因是()

A.土壤贫瘠

B.人类活动

C.地形限制

D.气候异常 10.该山地从山麓到山顶均以亚热带植被为主的原因是()

A.纬度位置

B.降水变化

C.温度差异

D.海拔高度

《人民日报》2015年9月25日消息,世界最大的电子产品代工企业富士康近期与印度马哈拉施特拉邦政府签署协议,承诺将在未来5年投资50亿美元建设工厂。有观点认为,这是新的世界低成本制造基地正在崛起的迹象。据此回答11~12题。

11.印度打造世界低成本制造基地的主要优势在于()

A.环境容量

B.科技

C.资源

D.劳动力 12.与印度具有相同优势的国家有()

A.巴西

B.越南

C.日本

D.法国

截至2015年7月,河北省签约三大海上风电项目,均落户唐山。海上风电场接近用电需求量大的大中型城市,可以实现用电就近消化,降低输送成本。这些海上风电项目,将在未来为京津冀地区送入“绿电”。据此回答13~14题。

13.与陆上风电场相比,海上风电场的优点主要是()

①不占用耕地 ②不受地形地貌影响 ③技术要求不高 ④风速更大,风电机组单机容量更大

A.①②③

B.①②④

C.①③④

D.②③④ 14.河北省加快海上风电项目建设的意义有()

①提升大气环境质量 ②调整能源结构 ③转变经济发展方式 ④从根本上解决能源短缺问题

A.①②③

B.①②④

C.①③④

D.②③④ 城市休闲商务区(英文简称RBD)作为城市重要的游憩空间,是为外来游客和城市居民提供休闲消费的场所。结合图6,回答15~16题。

图6 北京城市RBD与主要公路交通干道的关系

15.建设城市休闲商务区的积极意义表现在()

①凸显城市特色,提供城市竞争力 ②改善城市产业结构 ③提升城市人口总量 ④完善城市内部设施

A.①②③

B.①③④

C.①②④

D.②③④ 16.城市休闲商务区()

①主要分布在城市边缘地区 ②一般与其他功能区混杂在一起,功能更广泛 ③夜间人口密度较低 ④所在区域地价不高

A.①②

B.②③

C.①③

D.③④

成都快速路网规划为“三环十六射”,力争在“十二五”期间建成。读“三环十六射” 示意图(图7),回答17~18题。

图7

17.图中二环路的主要作用是()

A.加强城区与外界的联系

B.形成快速进出城的道路条件 C.保证市内交通畅通

D.缓解城西方向的交通压力 18.“三环十六射”的建成()

A.将促使城市中心商务区向外迁移,以减轻城市交通压力 B.将加快市区人口向郊外迁移,从而完成逆城市化 C.将推动城市化进程,大幅度提升城市化水平

D.将完善成都城区路网体系,提升整个路网的承载能力

读2012年山西省与全国三大产业结构比重比较图(图8),回答19~20题。

图8 2012年山西省与全国三大产业结构比重比较图

19.山西省第二产业比重明显高于全国平均水平的主要原因是()

A.历史悠久,生产水平高

B.能源丰富,煤炭工业规模大 C.位置优越,第二产业发展速度快

D.政策优惠,工业优先发展 20.山西省的三产结构()

A.相对合理

B.与市场需求关系不大 C.利于第一、三产业的发展壮大

D.易对环境造成破坏

图9 以色列是世所罕见的自然条件恶劣的国家,但其农业不但满足了国内95%左右的需要,还大量出口农产品,并向世界上60多个国家输出农用物资设备和传授农业生产技术。结合图9,回答21~22题。

21.影响以色列农业发展的恶劣自然条件表现在()

A.气候湿热、旱涝频发

B.热量不足、冻土广布 C.风沙肆虐、台风连连

D.土壤贫瘠、水源奇缺 22.以色列发展现代农业农业的决定性因素是()

A.交通

B.光照

C.技术

D.市场 读我国某省区产业开发模式图(图10),回答23~24题。

图10 23.该省区可能是()

A.江苏

B.河南

C.山东

D.贵州 24.该省区产业开发模式存在的问题主要是()

A.露天采矿导致土地荒漠化

B.生产规模大,环境压力大 C.能耗高,环境污染严重

D.生产联系过于密切,成本高

读陕北中北部黄土丘陵区植物群落地形垂直变化示意图(图11),回答25~26题。

图11 25.图示区域典型的环境特征是()

A.植被茂盛,土壤肥沃

B.降水丰沛,河流纵横 C.地形崎岖,生物多样

D.气候干旱,地表破碎 26.该区域以大面积以草本植被为主的自然原因是()

A.温度差异

B.水分差异

C.光照差异

D.土质差异 读亚马孙河水系图(图12),回答27~28题。

图12

27.亚马孙河具有非常优越的航运条件,原因是()①水量丰沛,河宽水深 ②经济腹地宽广 ③全年无结冰期 ④干支流间可以直接通航 A.①②③

B.①②④

C.①③④

D.②③④ 28.亚马孙河流域水能资源集中在支流上,原因是()

①干流生态环境脆弱,不宜开发 ②干流河道宽阔,水面平缓 ③支流从山地或高原进入平原,落差大,水流急 ④支流开发成本低于干流,技术要求低

A.①②

B.②③

C.①④

D.②④

我国最大的淡水湖——鄱阳湖沙漠化面积近60万亩,并每年以3至5米的速度向外蔓延,这些星罗棋布的沙堆被当地称为“江南伤疤”。结合图13回答29~30题。

图13 29.鄱阳湖沙漠化的原因包括()

①围湖造田 ②水土流失 ③气候变化 ④人口迁移

A.①②③

B.①②④

C.②③④

D.①③④ 30.能够有效治理鄱阳湖土地沙化的措施是()①退耕还湖,扩大水面 ②植树造林,提高植被覆盖率

③停止沿湖地区所有经济开发活动,建立湿地保护区

④加大湖区水利工程建设力度,进行人工干预

A.①②

B.①③

C.①④

D.②③

二、判断题:判断下列各题的正确与错误,正确的填A,错误的填B(本部分共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)。

31.地幔与地核的分界面叫作莫霍界面。()32.温室气体大量吸收太阳辐射导致全球气候变暖。()33.除南极洲外,各大洲均分布有夏季湿热、冬季干冷的地中海气候。()34.在海洋生物作用下形成碳酸钙沉淀,这是减缓大气中二氧化碳增加的主要途径。()35.产品不便于长途运输或产品运输成本较高的企业一般应接近原料产地。()36.影响季风区水稻生产的主要气象灾害是台风与寒潮。()37.RS技术可用于资源普查、农业估产和环境监测。()38.最快捷、最灵活的运输方式是空运。()39.原油冶炼排放的二氧化硫是造成我国酸雨影响范围大、危害严重的主要原因。()40.某区域的可持续发展就是指因地制宜促进其生态、经济与社会的持续发展。()

三、综合题:(本部分4大题,共30分)。

41.根据图文材料,回答下列问题。(7分)

图14

据新华社斯德哥尔摩2016年8月29日电,第26届“世界水周”论坛29日在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩开幕,为期5天的论坛围绕“用于实现可持续增长目标的水资源”这一主题,探讨如何应对水资源短缺所带来的各项挑战。

(1)上图中①、②地区水资源紧缺的主要原因不同,请从A、B中选择正确答案填空(填字母)。

①地区________,②地区________。(2分)

A.常年受副热带高压带控制,降水稀少,气候干旱 B.深居内陆,远离海洋,降水稀少,气候干旱

(2)8月29日,太阳直射点接近上图中的________(填字母)点附近。此时,北半球昼夜分布状况是____________________________。(2分)

(3)解决水资源紧缺的措施有哪些?(3分)

________________________________________________________________________ 42.法国是当今世界重要的农业国之一,结合材料回答问题。(7分)

材料一 法国是世界上最大的甜菜生产国。1994年甜菜种植面积为43.6万公顷,产量为2 900万吨,占欧洲甜菜总产量的21.2%,占世界总产量的11.2%。

图15 材料二 罗讷河是一条孕育葡萄酒的河流,罗讷河谷地是法国最早的葡萄酒产地。罗讷河谷产区的葡萄酒丰富多彩,其红葡萄酒以口感浓郁、略带辛辣为主要特征。尤其南部鹅卵石地貌区,共有格纳希Grenache、希拉Syrah等13种法定葡萄品种。

(1)法国甜菜产区主要分布区在北部的自然因素___________________________。(3分)(2)解释罗讷河谷地南部成为主要葡萄酒产地的条件。(2分)

________________________________________________________________________(3)中国大面积引种甜菜始于1906年,先在东北试种。请简述其原因。(2分)

________________________________________________________________________ 43.阅读材料,完成下列问题。(7分)

材料 世界某区域某时天气形势图及D河流干流水电梯级开发示意图(图16)。

图16(1)此时A地盛行______风,未来几天将受______(填天气系统)影响。(2分)

(2)B、C海域都有世界著名渔场,其形成的共同原因是______________

。(1分)(3)D河流实施水电梯级开发的有利条件是多个河段________。当地凭借廉价的电力,吸引了大量__________________工业。(2分)

(4)19世纪中叶,A地和E城市成为钢铁工业基地的共同的优势资源是________。如今,为实现区域的可持续发展,两地大力发展________与第三产业,以促进经济结构多元化。(2分)

44.读黄土高原位置(图17)及其生态地理分区方案图(图18),回答问题。(9分)

图17

图18(1)图中ⅠC1应该为何种类型的生态地理分区?________,其成因是_________。(2分)

(2)黄土高原生态地理分区方案体现了________地域分异规律,形成基础是_____________________________________________________________________。(2分)

(3)黄土高原拥有巨厚的黄土层,请分析其形成过程。(2分)

________________________________________________________________________(4)黄土高原水土流失严重,请从地理环境的整体性角度加以分析说明。(3分)

第四篇:2018小高考冲刺卷(六)答案

小高考冲刺卷(六)

一、单项选择题

1.D 解析:观察日地距离可知:A为冬至,B为春分,C为夏至,D为秋分。2.D 解析:河外星系是与银河系同一级别的天体系统,太阳系和地月系位于银河系中。3.B 解析:花岗岩属于岩浆岩,岩浆岩只能由岩浆转化而来,由此推断:图3中丁为岩浆,乙为岩浆岩。

4.A 解析:岩浆侵入岩石圈形成花岗岩,地壳运动使花岗岩抬升隆起为山地,外力风化、侵蚀形成花岗岩石柱。火山喷发形成喷出型岩浆岩。

5.D 解析:有云的白天,云层反射太阳辐射,气温不会太高;夜晚,云层增强了大气逆辐射,气温不会太低,气温日较差小。

6.C 解析:冬季北方地区燃煤和汽车尾气排放大量粉尘和悬浮颗粒物,是造成雾霾的主要原因。建筑扬尘的颗粒物较大,易沉降;沙尘暴发生时伴有大风,可吹散雾霾。

7.D 解析:断层处易发生地震,与地形无关;山地不能避免台风、暴雨的侵袭;平原向山坡过渡的地带地势较高,能避开洪水威胁。

8.D 解析:南方低山丘陵地区主要的生态环境问题是植被破坏造成的水土流失,栽培果树既能增加农民收入,又能提高植被覆盖率,涵养水源、保持水土。陡坡修建梯田易造成水土流失,A错;扩大水产养殖规模不能改善生态环境,B错;山区旅游业强度过大也会造成生态环境破坏,C错。

9.C 解析:根据全球气压带风带的分布规律可知,③图为南半球,风带1为东南信风,风带2为盛行西风,气压带为副热带高气压带。

10.C 解析:受副热带高气压带的常年控制,形成全年炎热干燥的热带沙漠气候。11.C 解析:从山麓到山顶的自然带变化体现了垂直地域分异规律。12.A 解析:天山北坡为迎风坡,受北冰洋水汽影响,降水多。

13.A 解析:西藏地处青藏高原,平均海拔4 000米左右,空气稀薄,大气对太阳辐射的削弱少。

14.A 解析:当太阳能热水器的集热板和地面夹角与当地的正午太阳高度角互余时,热水器的工作效率最高。根据拉萨的地理纬度可推知,6月22日的正午太阳高度约为83°26′,则角α为6°34′。

15.C 解析:自然增长率=出生率-死亡率。自然增长率大于零则人口一直在增加;自然增长率小于零则人口为负增长,人口减少。江苏省出生率大于死亡率,人口一直在增加,没有出现负增长,A错、C对。广西人口自然增长率并不是逐年递增,B错;广西的人口增长特点是低出生率、低死亡率和低自然增长率,D错。

16.C 解析:江苏省是我国东部沿海经济发达地区,人口死亡率高是人口老龄化所致。17.A 解析:珠江三角洲地区是经济发达地区,二、三产业比重高而第一产业比重低。等边三角坐标图的判读方法:先沿三条边数值增大的方向画出三个箭头;在图中某点作与外围三个箭头平行的箭头,三个箭头所指的数值就是所对应产业的百分比。其中甲的三次产业比重分别是5%、50%、45%,故A正确。

18.A 解析:珠江三角洲地区是我国改革开放的最前沿,利用临近港澳和东南亚的区位优势,接受产业转移,引进先进技术、设备和管理经验,促进了工业化和城市化发展。

19.C 解析:上海市经济发达,水陆交通便利,技术先进,人口众多,市场广阔;城市化水平高,第一产业劳动力就业比重小。

20.A 解析:绿岛农业区位于崇明岛,崇明岛是我国第三大岛,地形平坦,耕地广阔,适合大规模生产,与上海市区有长江分隔,环境污染小,农产品品质高。

21.A 解析:在影响现代交通运输发展的各个因素中,自然条件是基础因素,社会经济发展是决定因素,科学技术是保障因素;连淮扬镇铁路是客运专线,矿产资源的开发对其影响不大。

22.D 解析:交通运输的发展会影响沿线城市的空间形态,但不会造成根本改变,A错;连淮扬镇铁路是客运专线铁路,不能解决能源问题,B错;连淮扬镇客运专线铁路的建设可以推动沿线地区城市化的发展,不能使全省的城市化保存一致,C错;连淮扬镇客运专线铁路连接了苏南、苏中和苏北,加强了区域联系。

23.D 解析:相对于欧盟国家,我国的经济发展水平较低,科技水平低,企业劳动效率低,工人工资不高,生产成本低;玩具制作企业的规模小。

24.B 解析:由于欧盟《玩具安全指令》导致广东玩具企业成本增加一到二成,利润空间降低;加大科技创新,提高产品的附加值可以创造更多的利润。

25.C 解析:甲是黄河上游,乙是长江上游,没有丰富的石油资源,A错;山区不适合发展种植业,B错;都流经一、二级阶梯的交界处,落差大,水能资源丰富,C正确;河流上游水流湍急,不适合发展航运,D错。

26.D 解析:沙尘暴主要发生在北方地区,A错;石漠化发生在我国南方低山丘陵区和西南云贵高原地区,B错;土壤次生盐碱化主要发生在气候较干旱的华北和西北地区,C错;长江、黄河的中下游地区都是我国人口稠密、城市集中、经济发达的地区,河流污染是主要的环境问题。

27.D 解析:从事制造业的人口比重可以反映出产业结构是否合理,人均收入可以反映区域经济发展水平。由此推断:甲为经济相对发达地区,有较充足的资金和较先进的技术。

28.A 解析:乙地区经济相对欠发达,产业转移能够加快产业结构调整,推动经济发展,A正确;对产业转移的移出地,“腾笼换鸟”,为经济发展提供新的发展空间,B错;对移入地,产业转移有利于增加就业岗位,但未必能形成新的制造业基地,C、D错。

29.B 解析:化工厂、炼油厂既污染大气,也污染水源,A错;电镀厂、皮革厂主要污染水源,B正确;发电厂、酿造厂主要有大气污染,C错;造纸厂污染水源,水泥厂污染大气,D错。

30.C 解析:①位于冬季风的上风,不适合布局有大气污染的工厂,A错;②靠近农田和绿地,不适合布局有固体废弃物污染的工厂,位于河流上游,不适合布局污染水源的工厂,B错误;③远离市区、农田和绿地,位于河流下游,在与盛行风向垂直的郊外,对市区的环境影响小,C正确;④靠近市中心,不适合布局有污染的工业,D错误。

二、判断题 31.A

32.B 解析:太阳辐射是大气的根本热源,地面是大气主要的直接热源。33.B 解析:影响城市空间形态的主要是交通运输线路的布局。34.B 解析:热带沙漠气候对应的自然带是热带荒漠带。35.A

36.A

37.B 解析:工业集聚有利于共用基础设施,从而减少生产建设投资。38.A 39.A

40.A

三、综合题 41.(8分)(1)高压中心 反气旋(2分)(2)N N(2分)(3)图略 M>N>N′>M′ 西北(3分)(4)B(1分)42.(8分)(1)地中海 副热带高气压带和西风带的交替控制(2分)(2)温带落叶阔叶林带 太阳辐射 水分(3分)(3)北(西北)(1分)(4)气候湿冷,有利于多汁牧草生长;西欧地区人口稠密、城市集中,市场需求量大。(2分)43.(7分)(1)61% 29%(2分)(2)经济城市化水平英国 中国(3分)(3)二 三(2分)44.(7分)(1)流水沉积 长江三角洲(2分)(2)亚热带常绿阔叶林 小麦 旱地(3分)(3)缓解能源紧张;改善空气质量;调整能源结构等。(任答两点,2分)

第五篇:高考英语冲刺卷

上海英语高考冲刺题

After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town

So I decided to leave home for New York,(25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job.(26)______(earn)some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter.I believe that(27)______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already(28)______(exhaust)shoulder.On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success.As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies.Mother had just said that(29)______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city.Perhaps(30)______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind.I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it.Apparently, I had difficulty(31)______(adapt)myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight.After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town.Not until I returned(32)______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine(自动售货机)is a new village

Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies.However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop.Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is(33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on theproject.The machine(34)______(equip)with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr.Fox said he hoped his invention,(35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by(36)______.The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine.Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far(37)______(appropriate)In recent years,the commercial pressure from supermarket chains(38)______ force village shops across the country to close.In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed,(39)______(urge)the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr.Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution(40)______these villages without a local shop.A.alertB.classifyC.commit D.delicatelyE.gentleF.impose G.labels H.moderation I.relieve J.signals K.simply

Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully.However, you don't have time to

carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket.Since you really__42__

yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't

it? This is where a

“choice architect” can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all yourself.Choice architects are

people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions.For example, the person

who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on,and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to__44__healthier lifestyles through lawsfor example, smoking bans.Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things.In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice.This idea combines freedom to choose with__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called “traffic light system” to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy.This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package.A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy;yellow indicates that thecustomer should be__49__;and red means that the food is

high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__.The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decided what to choose.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip.About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why;how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers,and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural.Instead he suggests that language evolved among women.We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates(灵长类动物)like monkeys.By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same.Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided;on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness.Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal(有声的)grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.51.A.claim B.description C.gossipD.language

52.A.occasionally B.habituallyC.independently D.originally

53.A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural

54.A.admirers B.mastersC.users D.wasters

55.A.vital B.sensitiveC.ideal D.difficult

56.A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens

57.A.for instance B.in addition C.on the contraryD.as a result

58.A.motivation B.appearanceC.emotion D.behaviour

59.A.attackB.contact C.inspectionD.assistance

60.A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.confesses

61.A.prospectB.responsibilityC.leadership D.protection

62.A.measure B.show C.maintain D.ease

63.A.saved B.extendedC.consumed D.gained

64.A.commonB.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful

65.A.indirectB.dailyC.physical D.secret

A

Most people agree that honesty is a good thing.But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals.Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals.For example, a bird called

the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.When a predator(猎食动物)gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest.How? It pretends to have a broken wing.The predator follows the “hurt” adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat.Scrub jays are also thieves.They watch where others bury their food and steal it.But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them.So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work.How? They don't make nests.Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly.Then they lay their eggs and fly away.When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky.After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other.When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again.But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too.When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out.Then other chimps come running.But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food.That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying “You can't fool Mother Nature.”But maybe can't trust her, either.66.A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A.getting closer to its young

B.driving away the adult predator

C.leaving its young in another nest

D.pretending to be injured

67.By “Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky”(paragraph 5), the author means______.A.chimps are ready to attack others

B.chimps are sometimes dishonest

C.chimps are jealous of the winners

D.chimps can be selfish too

68.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B.The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C.Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D.Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A.Do animals lie?

B.Does Mother Nature fool animals?

C.How do animals learn to lie?

D.How does honesty help animals survive

B

Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year.How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:really recommend it to everyone.“

A habit is a 3-step process.First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically.Then there's a routine.And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior.It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it: Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick.a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym.That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected.Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day.The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all.Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward.Which is the whole point, right?

70.Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE8HABIT LOOP?

A.Pick a new cue.B.Form a new habit.C.Choose a new reward.D.Design a new resolution.71.According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A.changing the routine

B.trying it for a week

C.adjusting your goal

D.writing it down

72.What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?

A.To test out different kinds of cues.B.To do something as a habit even without rewards.C.To work out the best New Year's resolution.D.To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73.“This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an

English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour.” What is the cue in this resolution?A.The Harry Potterposter.B.Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C.An English newspaper.D.Watching TV for half an hour

C

If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A

few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks

to an unusual virtual reality虚拟现实)device.Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona.She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man.“As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants,” she said.“That's the picture I remember best.”The set-up is relatively simple.Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top.The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner.If she moves her arm, you see it.If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along.Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised(同步的)movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better.Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias(偏见)that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them.Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward.Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again.This time, the participants' bias scores were lower.The idea is that once you've “put yourself in another's shoes” you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result.“At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other

in their arms,” says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project.“It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience.I would really, really recommend it to everyone

74.The word ”swapping“(paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to______.A.building

B.exchanging

C.controlling

D.transplanting

75.We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A.our feelings are related to our bodily experience

B.we can learn to take control of other people's bodies

C.participants will live more passionately after the experiment

D.The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes

76.In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a

dark skinned digital character, ______.A.they fought strongly against racism

B.they scored lower on the test for racism

C.they changed their behaviour dramatically

D.they were more biased against those unlike them

77.It can be concluded from the passage that______.A.technology helps people realize their dreams

B.our biases could be eliminated through experiments

C.virtual reality helps promote understanding among people

D.our points of view about others need changing constantly

The fewest possible words

More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility(CSR).CSR is made up of three broad layers.The most basic is traditional corporate charity work.Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects.But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough.In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior.Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management.Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks.They talk to non-governmental organisations(NGOs)and to governments, create codes of conduct(行为准则)and devote themselves to more transparency(透明)in their operations.Increasingly, too.they, along with heir competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game.The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value.If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage.That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear.The idea of ”doing well by doing good“ has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executivesCan you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream.Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities.Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful.Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue(美德):it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statementsin NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)

78.Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79.Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80.With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81.According to the passage, ”good business"(paragraph 6)means that corporations ________while making profits

我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。

(accustomed)

将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。

(be up to)

没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。

(than)

家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏,以免遭遇不测。

(for fear)

虽然现代社会物资丰富,给予消费者更多的选择,但也使不少人变成购物狂。

(turn)

学校英语报正在酝酿改版,拟从现有的三个栏目(健康、娱乐、文化)中去除一个,并 从三个备选栏目(时尚、职业规划、读者反馈)中挑选一个纳入该报。假设你是该校学生程 飞,给校报编辑写一封电子邮件,表达你的观点。邮件须包括以下内容:

1.你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由; 2.你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由。

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