第一篇:中英文开题报告
--精选公文范文--------------------------中英文开题报告
中英文开题报告
下面是一篇英语论文的开题报告,虽然不是特别好,但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法,有一定的借鉴价值。
Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies Introduction
The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science.From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence.Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies.----------------精选公文范文------------------精选公文范文--------------------------
DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective.Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community.Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation.The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.The method of DTS is basically descriptive.The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned.----------------精选公文范文------------------精选公文范文--------------------------Translation phenomena are noted down.With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice.I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS.“Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation.Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies.Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions.Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation----------------精选公文范文------------------精选公文范文--------------------------approaches.In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.2 Outline
Development and major concepts of DTS
此文共有3页
----------------精选公文范文----------------
第二篇:中英文开题报告
下面是一篇英语论文的开题报告,虽然不是特别好,但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法,有一定的借鉴价值。
Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies Introduction
The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science.From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence.Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies(DTS).DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective.Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community.Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation.The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.The method of DTS is basically descriptive.The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned.Translation phenomena are noted down.With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice.I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS.“Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation.Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies.Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions.Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.Outline
2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS
此文共有3页 上一页123下一页第三篇:开题报告
开题报告
毕业论文(设计)题目我国金融控股公司的发展研究
学院:经济与管理学院学号:姓名:
一、论文选题的目的和意义
目的:
随着我国金融业的快速发展,固有模式的商业银行、证券机构、保险公司等不能进行有效的业务交叉和产品创新,从而跟不上整个金融业的发展。而金融控股公司的出现恰好可以弥补这些不足,金融控股公司的发展在我国金融业发展、制度转型和健全上起了很大的作用。
通过对中外金融控股公司的发展研究,特别是,将我国与英美两国的金融控股公司的发展情况与历史进行了研究与对比之后,得出现阶段我国金融控股公司发展所存在的问题,认真分析国内外对于金融控股公司发展的经验与措施,找出目前制约我国金融控股公司发展的各种因素,并且结合我国的实际国情,提出自己的看法和解决方法。
意义:
论文的意义在以下两方面得到体现:从理论上来看,鉴于我国金融控股公司发展起步较晚,另外在我国分业经营体制下,金融控股公司的组建和发展对我国体制转轨和金融发展都具有良好的研究意义和价值。并且,国内学术界也十分重视研究金融控股公司的发展创新问题,以求探索和制定出符合我国金融控股公司的发展对策;从政策意义上看,本文通过剖析西方发达国家金融控股公司的创新和发展经验,对比分析我国金融控股公司的发展现状,找出差距,总结经验,吸取教训,对我国金融控股公司的进一步创新发展提出一些建设性思考,具有一定的现实意义。
二、国内外关于该论题的研究现状和发展趋势
国外学术界研究认为,多元化经营的范围经济来自于固定成本和销售成本的节约以及无形资产的共享等方面。Steinherr.A和C.Huveneers(1990)认为,金融控股公司可以将管理客户的固定成本(包括人力和物力成本)摊薄到更广泛的产品中去So Llewellyn(1996.,)认为,从成本节约的角度看,金融控股公司中的银行等金融机构可以利用己有的分支机构和其他销售渠道,以较低的边际成本销售其他金融附属产品,从而获得潜在的范围经济。Rajan(1996)认为,金融控股公司在提供广泛的金融产品和服务的同时,不仅可以获得市场优势,而且还可以提高本机构的声誉和品牌价值,金融控股公司可以利用其在一种业务上的优势来强化其在其他业务上的竞争力。
国内对金融控股公司进行专门研究的学者不多,且大量文献集中在金融体制研究领域。一些学院派的研究仅仅关注国外的理论发展,而政策和实务部门的研究更多的是对实践的总结。如何把两者结合起来,进行“中国式”的整体思考是目前面临的主要挑战。夏斌(2001)是较早对我国金融控股公司进行研究的学者,他对金融控股公司的动因、机制和经营模式以及我国研究金融控股公司的历史背景进行了较为深入的研究,较早地提出了发展金融控股公司是我国金融改革的现实选择。伍永刚(2007)认为,与西方相比,我国国内金融业还有很多需要完善的地方,在这种情况下如果过早地进行混业经营,由于缺少证券、银行、保险等业务间的防火墙,原本在保险或银行内的单一风险会因相互作用而加倍放大,从而使得控制风险更加困难。
三、论文的主攻方向、主要内容、研究方法及技术路线
论文的主攻方向是通过对中外金融控股公司发展轨迹和经验教训,为我国目前的金融控股公司发展提供相应的建议和对策。
论文的主要内容有以下几个方面:第一,研究国内外金融控股公司的现状,分析我国和国外金融控股公司的差距;第二,分析国内外金融控股公司的经验与措施,找出目前我国在这方面的发展所存在的不足之处;第三,针对目前出现的问题和制约我国金融控股公司发展的关键因素,结合我国的实际国情和现行政策,提出自己的看法和解决方法。
四、论文工作进度安排
2010年12月~2011年1月初:与指导老师进行交流,确定论文题目,查阅资料,确定基本的研究思路和方法,撰写开题报告。
2011年2月~3月:确定毕业论文的基本写作思路,弄清核心概念的基本意义;同时进一步查阅和参考各种文献,丰富自己的认识,为毕业论文的撰写做好充足准备。
2011年4月:撰写论文,完成初稿。
2011年5月:联系指导老师,结合指导老师意见和建议,修改完善论文。2011年6月初:论文评阅,准备进行毕业答辩。
2011年6月10日:论文答辩。
五、论文主要文献
[1]安志达.金融控股公司一一法律、制度与实务[M].机械工业出版社,2002.[2]爱德华·S·肖.经济发展中的金融深化[M].上海三联书店,1988.[3]保琳·斯基帕拉.金融市场的全球蛋糕怎么切[N].英国:金融时报,2007.7.17.[4]布拉德福德德龙.花旗的启示[J],财经,2007.11.12,vol.198.[5]Bernard shull(1999).美国银行业与商业的分离—对关键问题的审视[J].北京奥尔多投资咨询公司:奥尔多投资评论第二辑,2006.10.6.[6]彼得.德鲁克.公司治理[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1999.[7]常健.我国金融控股公司立法:一个分析框架[[J].上海财经大学学报,2004.4.[8]崔晓峰.银行产业组织理论与政策研究[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.6.[9]戈德史密斯.金融结构与金融发展[M].上海三联书店,1995.[10]龚六堂.经济学和金融学的研究方法和研究前沿[J].经济研究
[11]哈特.企业、合同与财务结构[M].上海:上海三联书店,1998.[12]韩刚.我国金融控股公司发展规范研究[D].2004.[13]黄卫华.我国金融经营体制发展趋势探索[D],西南财经大学,2005.[14]赫米斯,伦辛克.金融发展与经济增长[M].经济科学出版,2001.[15]金祖钧,徐升起.对规模经济观念的新思考[J]江西财经大学学报,2000.6.[16]刘志平.论金融控股公司的几个问题[J].金融研究,2001.4.[17]刘翠兰.美国混业经营六年实践[J].银行家,2006.4.[18]鲁明易.金融服务现代化法弱影响的实证分析—基于美国金融控股公司发展视角[J].国际金融研究,2005.3.[19]郎咸平.严管类金融控股公司[J].证券市场周刊,2004(21).[20]联合论坛.集团内部交易和风险控制原则[K].1999.[21]刘湘宁.金融控股公司将成为混业经营主要模式[N].中国证券报.2005.7.5.[22]王学军.金融控股公司发展的理论基础及启示[J].中央财经大学学报 2004.8.[23]夏斌等.金融控股公司研究[M].中国金融出版社,2001.8.[24]谢平.金融控股公司的发展与监管[M].北京:中信出版社,2004.[25]谢平,蔡浩仪等.金融经营模式及监管体制研究[M].中国金融出版社,2003.[26]张志柏.论金融控股公司[N].证券市场导报,2001.3.4-14.[27]张艳,金融业混业经营的发展途径研究[M].中国金融出版社,2003.11.1
[28]贝政新、陆军荣主编,金融控股公司论——兼析在我国的发展[M].复旦大学出版社,2003.9,vol 1.[29]安志达,金融控股公司:法律制度与实务[M].机械工业出版社,2002年.[30]叶辅靖,全能银行比较研究——兼论混业与分业经营[M].中国金融出版社,2001.8,vol 1.[31]熊波、土志强、陈柳、田晓东等,金融控股公司理论与实践[M].经济管理出版社,2002.2,vol 1.[32]王文宇著,控股公司与控股公司法[M].台北元照出版社,2001.[33]张春子著,金融控股集团组建与运营[M].机械工业出版社,2005.1,vol 1.[34]陈建华著,中国金融监管模式选择[M].中国金融出版社,2001.指导教师(签名):
年月日
第四篇:开题报告
开题报告,老师一般会给模板,还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告,你参考一下吧。
课题名称
An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese
试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异
课题来源
Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor
一、课题背景及意义(课题的立题依据及研究意义)
Research Background:
A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc.People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world.Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside.In a word, language is a mirror of culture.When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself.Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences.In our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use.In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life.Research Significance:
As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same.Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings.If we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words.The significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.二、课题研究现状及发展趋势(课题研究领域的发展现状及可能的发展方向)
Research Status:
Study of color words has long attracted linguists’ attention.The bright lights of the objective world and for humankind as a whole are the same, but the national language or in different books of different ages or different geographical dialects often be found to have different understanding about color words.This concentrated and fully prove that language is the result of human cognition to understand and express the objective world, different groups of people in cognitive understanding and expression of the world, due to the different natural environment, social life, cultural traditions.Study of color words in different languages between the similarities and differences.The same object can look at how the differences in cognitive terms showing similarities and differences between how the social and cultural differences and further expansion of the semantic differences, which for the cognitive linguistics, comparative linguistics and culture, linguistics, and on second language teaching of applied linguistics has an important significance..Research Tendency:
21st century’s color words study should stress the originality on research based on the achievements of the previous scholars, domestic or abroad.The study should keep track of the latest development of color words, making breakthrough, upgrading the research quality.三、研究内容及研究目标(对研究的内容进行说明,并阐明要达到的目标)
Research Contents:
A.Cultural Connotations of Black and Reflections in Idioms
1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Black Is Associated With the Solemn and the Dignified
1.2 Black Is Associated With Profit
1.3 Black Is Associated With the Black People
2.Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Black Is Associated With the Death
2.2 Black Is Associated With the Evil and Unfortunate
2.3 Black Is Associated With the Shame and Disgraceful
2.4 Black Is Associated With Anger
B.Cultural Connotations of White and Reflections in Idioms
1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 White Is Associated With the Pure and Lucky
1.2 White Is Associated With Integrity and Honesty
2.Negative Connotations and Reflections in Idioms
2.1 White Is Associated With Death and Poor
2.2 White Is Associated With Worthless and Timid
C.Cultural Connotations of Red and Reflections in Idioms
1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Red Is Associated With Honor and Love
2.Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Red is Associated with the Obscenity
2.2 Red Is Associated With Revolution and Socialism.2.3 Red Is Associated With Danger and Loss
D.Cultural Connotations of Yellow and Reflections in Idioms
1.Positive Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
1.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Noble
1.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Joy and Missing
2.Negative Connotations and Their Reflections in Idioms
2.1 Yellow Is Associated With the Vulgar and Exaggerative
2.2 Yellow Is Associated With the Coward and Disease
Research Objectives:
I write this thesis in order to make English learners have a better understanding of the cultural meaning of color words and enhance communication skills, avoid conflict in Western culture.四、预计的研究难点(课题研究过程中可能遇到的理论难题或技术难点)
With the changing society, people have a view of things may have diametrically opposite point of view, how is the color of the word has become more authoritative to be a problem;how to get people to attach importance to the implied meaning of color words which may lead to cultural conflict is also a problem.As the color words in real life, the widely used, it is difficult in a paper summarizing, so how to form the color words of the formation of an effective system is a difficult.Possible problems also contain:(1)Limited availability of helpful data, especially the books or articles written by the native scholars;(2)Difficulty in the presentation of insightful ideas and the attainment in originality due to lack of the knowledge related.五、创新点(选题、观点、理论、材料、方法等创新点)
The English language is developing constantly, keeping absorbing more color words.What is new in my thesis is that I try to focus my study on color words in modern English, making the research keep pace with the times, with the latest development in loanwords.六、进度计划(根据研究内容及研究目标所预计的进度安排)
1.Nov.16th —
Nov.22nd , 2008 Subject selecting & topic narrowing
2.Nov.23rd —
Dec.20th , 2008
Data gathering
3.Dec.21st —
Jan.10th , 2009
Opening report & detailed outline
4.Jan.11th
—
Feb.8th, 2009
Literature review
5.Feb.9th
—
Mar.14th, 2009
First draft
6.Mar.15th —
Apr.10th, 2009
Second draft
7.Apr.11th —
Apr.20th, 2009
Final version
8.Apr.27th —
May 14th, 2009
Printing
9.May 17th —
May 25th, 2009
Thesis debate
七、资料来源(指能够支持“课题背景”、“课题研究现状及发展趋势”所论述内容的主要文献资料)
[1] Baugh, A.C.& Thomas Cable.A History of the English Language [M].Peking: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[2] Eckersley, C.E.Brighter English [M].London: Longman, 1979.[3] Gill, R.Mastering English Literature [M].London: Mac Millan Education, 1985.[4] Hornby, A.S.Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English [Z].London: Oxford University, 1974.[5] Knowles, G.A Cultural History of the English Language [M].U.S.A.: A Hodder Arnold Publication, 1997.[6] Lott, B.A Course in English Language and Literature [M].U.S.A.: Edward Arnold, 1989.[7] Lyons, J.Language and Linguistics [M].London: Longman, 1981.[8] Wales, K.Northern English: A Social and Cultural History [M].London: Cambridge University Press, 2006.[9] Wu Weizen.History and Anthology of English Literature [M].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2001.[10] Yang Yanhua & Zhang Shufan.Modern English Lexicology [M].Peking: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2007.[11] 陈永烨.“英汉颜色词所表现的中西文化差异” [J].《辽宁工程技术大学学报》,2005,(7).
[12] 戴炜栋,何兆熊.《新编简明英语语言学教程》[A].上海:上海外语出版社,2002.[13] 邓炎昌,刘润清.《语言与文化》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1991.
[14] 蒋栋元.“论颜色及颜色词的文化差异” [J]. 《四川外语学院学报》,2002,(3).
[15] 唐振华.“英汉颜色词的翻译” [J].《中国科技翻译》,1997,(2).
第五篇:开题报告
婚前财产公证问题探讨
一、婚前财产公证的研究背景
婚前财产公证,是婚前财产约定协议公证的简称,指公证机关对将要结婚的男女双方就各自婚前财产和债务的范围、权利的归属问题所达成的协议的真实性、合法性给予证明的活动。
近年来,随着社会经济的繁荣和发展,人民法律意识的加强,由于婚姻财产引起的法律纠纷问题日趋上升,如何认定婚前财产的范围和产权归属成为司法实践中最棘手的问题之
一、也是婚姻纠纷中双方经常争议的焦点。婚前财产公证这一新兴的名词也越来越多的出现在我们眼前,成为一个前沿的话题。一方面,它对于保障夫妻婚后家庭生活的和谐起到重要作用;另一方面,由于传统观念的影响,人们真正接受它仍需时日。
二、婚前财产公证的意义(一)
对婚前财产的认识
对婚前财产公证的理解,首先要必须了解什么是个人财产。《婚姻法》第18条对夫妻个人财产做了明确规定,具体范围包括:一是一方的婚前财产;二是一方因身体受到伤害获得的医疗费、残疾人生活补助费等费用;三遗嘱或赠与合同中确定只归夫或妻一方的财产;四是一方专用的生活用品;五是其他应当归一方的财产。其他应当归一方财产的,应包括夫妻一方从事职业、工作和业余学习、兴趣、爱好等专用的财产;一方具有人身性质的补助金、福利财产、人身保险费、医疗费、伤残费、保健费等;一方在社会贡献中所得的荣誉奖品、奖章等;双方约定为个人所有的财产。
(二)对我国婚前财产公证概况的了解
婚前财产公证的基础首先应为夫妻财产制度。从建国到现在我国《婚姻法》历经了以下几个阶段:
1、1950年4月13日颁布第一部《中华人民共和国婚姻法》;
2、1980年9月10日颁布现行《中华人民共和国婚姻法》,并废除1950年《婚姻法》;
3、2001年4月28日通过《婚姻法》(修正案)。然而在这之中都涉及了夫妻财产的规定。
婚前财产公证包括两种形式:第一种是未婚夫妻在结婚登记前达成协议,办理公证;第二种是夫妻双方在婚姻关系存续期间达成协议,办理公证。(三)
婚前财产公证的现实意义
婚前财产公证在国外早已普遍,在我国的大城市也越来越被更多的年轻人尤其是再婚者所接受。在中国传统文化中,婚前谈财产公证很多人放不下面子,难以接受,然而夫妻、家庭一旦出现问题,财产也是最难以解决的问题。其实,婚前财产公证如果运用得当,不但不会伤害感情,反而会对夫妻今后的共同生活免除许多后顾之忧,对现实生活将会产生重大的帮助作用。
三、自己的见解
公众如何看待婚前财产公证?受调查者态度尚存矛盾。就现今社会一部分人认为“婚前财产不属于夫妻共有,婚前财产公证清楚是应该的”;同时也有人觉得“未来世事难料,这么做是以防万一”。但由于中国传统文化的影响也有人提出质疑:“还没结婚怎么就开始互相不信任了?”,还有人把公证看作“对感情的亵渎”。
在现今社会相信离婚率将会不断增高,但在离婚案中财产纠纷是必不可少的问题。所以,婚前财产公证是适应我国社会和家庭出现的多种新经济形式的需要的。随着我国社会主义市场经济的发展,公民所拥有的个人财产日益增多,夫妻间相应产生采用多种形式处理双方财产关系的要求。