linux学习笔记(中级班)

第一篇：linux学习笔记(中级班)

Linux笔记（中级）

文件处理命令： ls list 命令所在路径：/bin/ls 选项：

-a 显示所有文件，包括隐藏-l 显示详细信息-d 查看目录属性

用户不同，拥有的命令也不同： Root：/sbin / usr/sbin All user: /bin /usr/bin 缩写：bin-binary usr-user sbin-super binary 命令：pwd 愿意：print working directory 创建空文件：touch 目录创建命令：mkdir 英文：make directory 复制命令：cp Cp –R 源 目的

移动和改名文件：mv Mv 源 目的 删除文件：rm 删除目录： rm –r 删除空目录：rmdir

软链接 ln –s 硬链接 ln Linux系统并不认字母，只认识数字，所以引出来i节点

ls –I 显示文件的i节点，设计到系统内核，每个文件都有一个i节点 硬链接不能跨文件系统 Ls –ld 显示目录权限

权限管理命令：chmod 更改文件UGO的权限，rwx权限

文件的

读命令：cat more head tail 写命令：echo vi X类：命令 脚本 目录的

读命令：ls

创建还删除权限：mv rm touch mkdir X类：cd

权限管理命令

改变所有者Chown 用户 文件或目录 改变所有组 chgrp 组名 文件或目录

修改文件或目录创建的默认权限Umask –S查看默认权限

Umask显示的0022 0特殊权限为 022ugo掩码显示方式，实际为777-022=755 Linux权限规则:缺省创建的文件，不能授予可执行的X权限。Umask 022（数字必须是掩码）这样才能修改默认权限

文件搜索命令：which whereis（只能查找命令）命令所在路径：/bin/which Find 可以查找文件、目录和命令 Find 搜索路径 搜索关键词

-name 根据文件名进行查找

-size 根据文件大小查找，大小用block数据块表示512字节=0.5KB 大于 + 小于 –

-user 根据文件所有者查找

根据时间查找：ctime、atime、mtime（以天为单位）

Cmin、amin、mmin（以分钟为单位）

C-change 改变（表示文件的属性修改过）

a-access访问(表示文件被看过，访问过)b-m-modify修改（表示文件的内容被修改过）

-时间之内，+超过多久时间（find /etc –mmin-120）Find应用的连接符：-a and 逻辑与 –o or 逻辑或 连接符-exec不需要询问，-ok是有询问的

{}find查询的结果 转义符，使符号命令使用本身的含义（例如rm时有提示，rm 就没提示了

-type 文件类型 f：二进制 l：软连接文件 d：目录

Find /etc –name init*-a –type l 根据i节点删除文件

Find –inum i节点数值

Find 目录 –inum 数值 –exec rm {};

Locate命令(linux独有的命令)根据文件数据库查找，对于新建立的文件查找不到

需要updatedb来配合locate来查找文件或目录，适合查找系统文件或命令 Grep文件中搜索指定的字串

Grep 指定字串 源文件

Grep ftp /etc/services 帮助命令：man 英文：manual 可以获得帮助信息（man 命令或配置文件）

只能查看配置文件的帮助

Man 1 词（命令）

man 5 词（配置文件）获得命令干什么用的：whatis 命令 Help 查看shell内置命令的帮助

压缩解压命令：gzip 英文：gun zip Gzip 选项（文件）压缩后为.GZ格式

只能压缩文件，不能压缩目录 不保留源文件

解压缩：gunzip 或gzip –d Tar 可以打包文件和目录

-c 产生打包文件.tar-v 显示详细信息

-f 指定压缩后的文件名

-z 打包同时压缩 Tar –zcvf dirl.tar.gz dirl File 文件名（可以判定这个文件为什么类型的文件）

-x 解包.tar文件 Tar –zxvf dirl.tar.gz 压缩命令：zip Zip –r ；压缩目录 Zip 文件 ；压缩文件

压缩名称：bzip2（压缩比非常高）Bzip2 –k ；可以保留原文件 格式：.bz2 解压：bunzip2-k 压缩文件名；保留原压缩文件

网络通信指令：write 给在线的用户发信息，实施通信工具ctrl+D结束回话 Wall 网络发广播

Ping –s 包的大小（最大65507）ip地址

-c ping几个包 Shell应用技巧 快捷键：ctrl+l 清屏

Ctrl+u 光标前所有内容都删掉 定义别名：alias copy=cp

Alias xrm=“rm –r”组合命令必须要带“”

Alias 显示别名列表 Unalias 取消别名

输入/输出重定向

计划任务：每天定时发cpu系统使用情况例如TOP到指定邮箱，每天就收邮件查看系统状态就可以了，回头可以研究一下怎么做 2>在计划任务中应用比较广泛 管道

Wc计数器，算一下又多少行

文本编辑器：vim/vi

这些配置是临时的，没有保存

需要修改配置文件来保存自己设定的快捷键和功能 ~/.vimrc 这就是配置文件

Hwclock –hctosys Hwclock 硬件时钟 Mbr 主引导记录

Windows 的引导自举程序ntldr Linux的叫GRUB Kernel 叫内核

在系统启动时，内核只做两件事：驱动硬件 启动进程init

数字越小越优先启动 切换的时候K开头的文件被用到了

Linux系统启动步骤：

自举程序GRUB

Hd0，0 第一个硬盘，第一个分区

进入GRUB输入空格+1 按b启动单用户模式

第二篇：中级班学习小结（模版）

中级班学习小结

进入中级班的学习已经有一段时间了。对 高老师讲授的五轮念诵，观想次第、施无畏印、分身修法及净土讲座都进行了比较认真地学习和思考。

关于五轮念诵。由于在参加学院学习之前，自己一直坚持开口念诵，自我感觉持诵声音逐渐靠后，也比较浑厚，以为念诵速度快了，而且嘴唇不动便是金刚念诵。但直到听了高老师的讲座示范，才知道何为金刚念诵，可能由于过去有一定的基础，听完高老师的开示后，自己即能做到金刚念诵，之后有试着在五轮进行念诵，除了顶轮感觉不是很明显外，其他几处都能感觉到震动。特别是进行金刚念诵时，能体会到音声海的感觉。

关于观想次第。在听高老师讲授之前，自己也进行观想，主要是字轮和准提佛母的观想，关于光明的观想很少。因过去修过安那般那，所以觉得风息观很好，也曾做过尝试。听完高老师的开示，才知道修风息观一定有良好的观想基础才可为之。所以便决定从光明观入手，一步一个脚印，拾阶而上。由于过去对字轮观有些基础，现在能比较容易地观想出九圣梵字。但我觉还是要按部就班进行。

关于分身修法。听完高老师的讲授，感触良多，觉得高老师讲得太精彩了。其实我们的每一个作为每一个念头虽然已经成为了过去，但若将善的念头善的行为利用好了，可谓功德无量，事半功倍。比如说，我们每天打坐持咒，若是我们已经下坐了，但仍观想自身还在那里打坐持咒，那是何等功效，推而广之，我们前生、今生有多少次这样的善行，若观想这些善行仍在继续，那真可谓是尽虚空遍法界了。这样的功德何其大。特别是高老师讲到持诵门时，若我们现在观想自身一直在阿弥陀佛前持诵六字洪名，年年相续无有间断，身语意业无有疲厌，何愁不能往生极乐。

关于施无畏印。觉得此法用于治病救人，的确十分方便，也从网上看到一些师兄运用此法的效果。今后要认真修习。以便在关键时候治病救人。如意钩修法只看了一遍。印象不是太深。今后要加强学习。

最让我体会深刻的是高老师对净土的讲座，实在是太精彩了，消除了自己过去对如何往生净土的很多不正确的知见，进一步坚定了自己今生必定往生净土的信心。我觉得，高老师关于净土的开示应该广泛流通，让更多的人知晓净土法门的殊胜和易行，破除过去错误的自以为是的知见。高老师所言，不能因为让人们持戒而断送了往生净土的机会。

十分感谢学院及高老师的法部施，也十分感谢班主任徐老师的悉心指导。

嗡，折隶，主隶，准提，愿学院的准提事业越来越好，准提法遍扬十方，愿高老师、徐老师及学院各位老师一切如意，六时吉祥，梭哈。嗡，部林。

第三篇：嵌入式linu学习心得

嵌入式Linux学习心得

1、Linux命令

ls:查看目录-l以列表方式查看;ls –l 与ll的功能一样 pwd: 查看当前的目录

cd:改变当前操作目录cd /直接跳到根目录 cd..回到上一级目录 cat: 打印显示当前文件的内容信息

mkdir:创建目录

fdisk: 查看硬盘分区信息，-l以列表方式查看

->代表是链接文件，类似window下的快捷方式。

cp: 复制命令,例子cp 文件名 /home/dir/

mv: 移动或改名，如mv sonf.confsonf.txt(改名)移动：mv sonf.conf / rm:删除命令，如rm –f test.c;如删除目录rm –fr d

man:查看某个命令的帮助，man 命令

2、各系统目录的功能

drw—r—w--:d代表是目录，drw代表当前用户的权限，r代表组用户的权限，w代表其它用户的权限。x代表有执行权限。

/boot/gruff.conf: 启动引导程序

/dev:brw—rw--:b代表是块设备。Linux设备有三种，块设备（b开头）、字符设备(c开头)、网络设备。had代表第一个硬盘，hdb代表第二个硬盘。Hdb2代表第二块硬盘的第二个分区。3，67代表主设备为3，从设备为67./etc:存放的是系统的配置文件。Inittab文件存放不同启动方式下必须启动的进程。Inittab文件中有6个启动level，wait中对应着6个level的目录，respawn代表当一个进程被意外终止了，但会自动启动的进程，如守护进程。rc.d目录中存放了一个rc.sysinit文件，里面存放系统初始化配置信息。/etc还有一个vsftpd里面存放tcp、ftp的配置。

/home : 用户目录，存放用户的文件，/lib：存放库文件，后缀为so的文件代表动态链接库。

/lost+found：系统意外终止，存放一些可以找回的文件。

/mnt：挂载外部设备，如挂载光驱：mount –t /dev/cdrom/mnt/cdrom，如

果在双系统中，要查看windows中D盘的文件，首先应该将D盘的文件映射过来，mount –t /dev/hda2/mnt/windows/d

/opt:用户安装的应用程序

/proc:是系统运行的映射，比较重要。里面的文件数字代表进程号。每个进程号目录下包含进程的基本信息。还有其他信息，如cpuinfo等，内核支持的文件系统filesystem等。系统支持的中断interrupts，iomen代表内存分配情况。ioport存放IO端口号。还有分区信息，modole信息，状态信息，版本信息

对于Linux的设备驱动程序，有两种加载模式，一种是直接加载进linux内核，一种是以模块的方式加载到内核。

/sbin： 系统管理的一些工具。如poweroff关机工具。

/usr: 安装系统时很多文件放在此目录下面，包含一些更新等，include包含的头文件，lib 是Linux的库文件，src包含Linux2.4的内核源码

/var：存放是临时变量

3、

第四篇：曾奇峰精神分析中级班学习随想

曾奇峰精神分析中级班学习随想

《个人随笔》天高云淡

2009-06-12

——曾奇峰精神分析中级班学后随想

曾奇峰主讲的精神分析中级班昨天下午就结束了，但是我现在也还沉浸在一种离情别绪之中，以至于十分想写点东西却不知道从何写起。在分离的时候，小组里一些女性成员潸然泪下。我对于分离倒确实没有太大的感受，在我记忆中，离别（小学毕业、初中毕业、高中毕业、大学毕业）都是一种如释重负的感觉，是一种新生的感觉，没有什么值得难过的。同组的老大妈说，那是因为阅历太少，或许如此？未必尽然！

我是这样一个人：可以轻松面对离别，但是很久以后，还会常常想起那些与我离别了的人。

精神分析：越学越快乐

“搞心理的人都是心理有问题的人”，这是很多人调侃心理咨询师说辞，实际上很多人也是这么认为的。与很多同行一样，做心理咨询，我也是半路出家，在“出家”之前，我也深感一些搞心理咨询的人奇奇怪怪的，说话都是非常人的方式，让人难以接受。后来我被学校调到心理咨询中心工作，我还一度提醒自己，千万不要学心理咨询学的太深以至于自己也变成不正常的人。那时我非常好奇，是这些人学了心理学才变成不正常的呢，还是本来这些人就是不正常的呢。在这次精神分析中级班上，曾老师在和一个同学做演示的时候，我又产生了类似的问题——某些人是因为本来就疯了然后才学的精神分析呢，还是因为学了精神分析后才变疯的呢。

我想，肯定有不少同学与我有同样的困惑，而且有很多同学甚至认为是因为学了精神分析之后才变疯的，所以他们一再表白不愿意深入学习精神分析。应该说，在课程结束之前，对于“疯”和“学习精分”之间的关系我已经有了初步答案，没想到曾老师也对这个问题进行了讲解（足以证明这是一个普遍问题），使我更加清晰明白起来。曾老师说，学习精神分析之后，应该使自己更加丰富，更加愉快，尤其重要的是，学习了精分之后应该能够让别人快乐。而学习精神分析走火入魔的表现则是，自己越来越不稳定，越来越痛苦，人际关系越来越紧张。对于曾老师的说法，应该更深一步，那些学习精分走火入魔的人，其实也不是精神分析的问题，而是其本人已经具备了“魔”的潜质，精神分析只是他的一个导火索而已。这就使我想起，曾老师在课上讲的一个例子，他的一个女研究生学习精神分析后，动不动就会把自己的丈夫分析一下，搞的丈夫对精神分析怒火中烧。我当时叹了一口气，叹气的原因有一丝是替这个丈夫难过，但更多的是为精神分析抱不平。如果说精神分析是一把利剑的话，我想，这把利剑是成为和平的维护者，还是成为战乱的制造者，不在于剑本身，而在于拿剑的人。

这也让我想起中国历史上的美女们，比如妲己、比如褒姒、比如杨贵妃、比如赵飞燕，这些美女被后来的所谓仁人君子骂为红颜祸水，甚至有的人（明太祖？）说，如果我不是女人生，就要把天下的女人都杀净。我真的为这些女人感到无比的冤屈，试想一下，如果娶这些女人的人不是昏君，她们还会造成如此的祸害吗？譬如，杨贵妃嫁给了康熙帝，赵飞燕嫁给了唐太宗，又会如何呢？我们中国人，总会找一些人为尊者垫背，这些女人就是垫背垫了几千年的人。希望精神分析不会成为垫背的。

我接触精神分析时间也极短，虽然和其他人一样，很久以前就知道了弗洛伊德，知道了他和他的弟子们的一些理论，但是很肤浅、很表面化，当然现在也还很肤浅、很表面话。今年元月份，我参加了曾老师主讲的精神分析初级班，不记得当时具体的感受了，现在回想就是一种醍醐灌顶、茅塞顿开的感觉。再一个感觉就是自我价值感明显提高，如果用金钱衡量的话，初级班之前我感觉自己值50元，此后感觉能值150

元。还有，参加完精神分析的初级班，虽然我也没记住太多的理论，如果考试的话可能都考不及格，但是，很多精神分析的东西真的渗透到了我的骨子里。这次参加中级班，我倒没有什么明确的目的，但是上课前的确有一种期盼。上课的过程中，包括小组活动中，我总的感觉，我已经基本做到了体验多、逻辑少。通过这一次学习，我真的体验到而非认识到精神分析直指人性的东西，或许精神分析应该称为人性分析更合理。

总的来说，精神分析确实像一把刀，一层层剥掉包裹在人性之外的衣服，让本真的人性展示出来。面对本真的人性，会有些让我们惶恐，因为我们看惯了穿着服装的人性，一旦看到真实的它肯定有些不习惯，但是，我确实感受到了，本真的人性确实更美。我为能看到一些本真的人性而感到快乐，而这个快乐是精神分析带给我的，所以我说，精神分析越学愉快乐。

做一个用鼻子进行心理咨询的咨询师

曾老师讲课过程中，常常说的话就是“我一闻就闻出了味道”（还有一句话就是“诸如此类的”）。曾老师也曾问我，是否闻出了精神分析的味道，我当时想了想，感觉自己还没有闻出味道，并如实回答。答毕我着实焦虑了一阵子，可能是因为我当惯了好学生，在我的思维中，好学生就是要使自己的答案让老师满意吧。现在想想，这七天的学习中，我实际上是用鼻子闻的，纵便是没有闻出来精神分析的味道，我至少还是学会了用鼻子去学习精神分析。一旦用鼻子去学习，感觉顿时不一样了。由此，我觉得，作为心理咨询师，也应该用鼻子去做心理咨询。

所谓用鼻子做心理咨询，其实就是用心去感受心理咨询的过程，并且对自己的感受进行分析和厘清，有的时候感觉真的比逻辑思维好用的多。在我的咨询案例中就有过这样一个例子，遗憾的是，这是一个反例。曾经有一个家庭来我这里咨询，主要问题是上初中的孩子学习成绩下降，与其他孩子不同的是，这个孩子不是不愿意学习，而是非常刻苦，甚至常常熬夜，但就是不能在课堂上集中精力学习。对于这样的情况，按照家庭治疗的理论，我觉得这肯定是孩子在家里没有得到足够的尊重，是一种潜意思的对抗父母的方式。但是在咨询过程中，发现父母都挺和善，对孩子也很民主，我很快排除了父母的问题，甚至都觉得没必要让父母参加了。于是主要针对这个孩子进行咨询，给人的感觉是，孩子很努力、很上进，在不断尝试各种学习方法，希望自己学习成绩提高，就是不能找到一个适合自己的方法，就是无法控制自己以便集中精力。孩子说话一直冠冕，回答我的问题就像在做政治作业，比如我问他，你希望自己成为一个什么样的人，他会说希望自己能成为一个德、智、体、美、劳全面发展的人，能成为一个对社会有用的人，诸如此类，给人以虚的感觉。我也意识到了他这种“虚”背后肯定有问题，只是没有深入，更没有用心体验，而是不断发动自己的大脑，套用各种理论，想找到原因，最后，并没有找到原因，这个案例也就不了了之。现在回想起来，重新体会一下当时的感受，其实整个家庭给我的感觉其实都是客套的感觉，给我一种就像政治对话一样，话语都很正确，就是缺乏感情。如果当时我能认真体会这样的感受，并且深入下去，可能会找到真正的原因。

这让我感到，做心理咨询可能真不应该用大脑去做，而是应该用鼻子或者用身体去做，深入其中，去感受，去体验，也就是去看清楚反移情是什么，这对做咨询肯定会有极大的帮助。而很多像我这样的初学者恰恰相反，在听完一段叙述之后，总是想搜刮尽所有的学习了的知识，看看来访者的情况是符合哪一理论的，是哪一类的问题等等，这样做或许是与真正的心理咨询背道而驰的。这也许可以解释，为什么某些没学心理咨询的人一样可以起到心理咨询师的作用。由此我也深深的感到，做心理咨询真的应该是女人去做，我这样的男人用大脑工作惯了的，真的难以撇开大脑，全身心感受，我真的应该为自己的职业生涯感到惆怅。

“士为知己者死”的感想

咱们中国有句古话或者俗话，就是“士为知己者死，女为悦己者容”。女为悦己者容不牵扯太大的事情，顶多是穿衣打扮的问题，而士为知己者死则大不同，很多重大事件的发生，其背后的动力都来源于这句话。在《唐雎不辱使命》一文中所说“夫专诸之刺王僚也，彗星袭月；聂政之刺韩傀也，白虹贯日；要离之刺

庆忌也，仓鹰击于殿上”，专诸、聂政、要离这三个人，都是因为为知己死才如此奋不顾身，无所畏惧的。这三个人也都是改写了当时的历史的人。

我想到“士为知己者死”这句话源于小组成员对我的评价，她说我在不断把自己呈现给母亲，而母亲可能在忙些什么，没有给予关注，这让我很焦虑。听了这句话，我有一种一针见血的感觉，随之就是胃里不舒服，伴随着的还以一种遇到知己的感觉，当时想这要是我的妈多好，那就会腾出时间来给我以我需要的关注了。这虽然是对我个人的一句评价，但是细想起来，在咱们中国的历史里，能够得到母亲的关爱的人也真是太少了。在古代，那些还皇亲贵族、官宦人家，孩子一生出来就由奶妈带着，亲生母亲几乎没有太多接触机会，后来长大成人，因为种种制度，母子间也多变为礼节往来的关系。如果说富贵人家的母亲是因为礼仪而不能亲近孩子，那么穷家的母亲则是因为经济等方面而没有精力亲近孩子。一言以蔽之，很多中国人都缺乏母亲的关注。这突然让我想起一个事情来，归有光在《项脊轩志》中这样写道——【妪又曰：“汝姊在吾怀，呱呱而泣；娘以指扣门扉曰：‘儿寒乎？欲食乎？’吾从板外相为应答。”语未毕，余泣，妪亦泣】。大概意思是作者的乳母说，当年作者的姐姐在乳母怀里哭泣，作者的母亲就会隔着门问孩子是不是冻着了，是不是饿着了，讲述完这样的场景，作者和乳母都一起哭了起来。归有光之所以哭是对母爱的怀念，相信很多人读到这里的时候都会感受到那种母爱，然而，即便是这种本能的母爱，也还隔着一道门扉，有一道屏障。鲁迅先生说，封建礼教是吃人的，我觉得更直白一些说，封建礼教是吃人性的，是泯灭人性的。

总的来说，中国历史上的人们大都缺乏母亲的关爱，因此在他们都渴望得到母亲的注意，或者说渴望注意，一旦有人注意到自己，一旦有人了解自己，这种注意和了解使他们感激的愿意去死。这就是所谓的“士为知己者死”的原因吧。

写至此，忽然想大哭！

如沐春风

写这一部分我忽然阻抗的厉害。虽然到要吃饭的时间还很长，至少可以写完这部分再去吃饭，但是我忽然觉得很困，继而怀疑这个题目是否合适，是不是应该换成“简单而快乐”之类的，磨蹭了一会，就出去吃饭了。经过饭间的梳理，还是不打算写出来内心的真实的想法，可见阻抗之深，只好以另外的故事去写了。

记得课程快结束的时候，老师讲到了林语堂写苏东坡传记的事情。林语堂在写到苏东坡受到诸多不公平之后，为苏东坡的遭遇而愤愤不平，于是有人评论林语堂根本没有资格写苏东坡传记，因为面对那些不公平，苏东坡自己都没有愤愤，而林语堂却按捺不住了，可见林语堂的人格水平远在苏东坡之下。而一个人格水平低的人是没有资格评价人格水平高的人的，所以林语堂没有资格写苏东坡传记。大概就是这个意思吧。曾老师也说，精神分析应该改名为人格鉴赏，而人格水平低的人是不能鉴赏人格水平高的人的。事实也确实如此，人格也具有镜子的作用，在品评一个人的人格时，龌龊者会看到龌龊，廉洁者会看到廉洁，攻击性强的人会体验到攻击，懦弱的人则会体验到胆怯，其实龌龊也好，廉洁也好，攻击也好，胆怯也好，那都不是那个人的人格，而是品评者的人格，这样必然会使品评大失公允。所以，只有那些简单的人所看到的才可能是或者更多的是被品评人的人格，而简单的人，我认为是人格水平高的体现。只有简单的人，才会让人觉得如沐春风，在我们小组就有这样的人，给人以简单而快乐的感觉。

我觉得，这些简单而快乐的人，或者说人格水平比较高的人，才最适合做心理咨询。而那些自己的问题还没解决人，抱着治病的潜意识进入心理咨询行业的人，自己还过的惨兮兮的人，可能未必适合这个行业，至少目前不适合。

在培训结束的时候，和一个同学一起走，我说，我们这个培训班上不少同学都开着好车来培训，经济上比较富裕，我认为这些做心理咨询是比较适合的，因为，某种意义上经济水平和人格水平是成正比的。这种

观点可能会有失偏颇，然而也未必没有道理。

写到这里，我似乎感觉到必然有人跳出来指着我的鼻子骂：幼稚！呵呵，我姑且一说，你姑且一听，我又没说你，你着急什么啊，别当回事。

“较真”与“较劲”

是“较真”的人更让人害怕呢，还是“较劲”的人更让人可拍呢？我觉得，似乎两种人都是挺让人害怕的，但比较而言，较劲肯定更让人害怕。较真总是有个标准的，譬如说，行人都靠右边走，较真的人就会严格坚持靠右走，一旦违反这个规矩他就会把你大骂一顿。这样的人确实也有点让人害怕，因为在他面前不能犯错误，然而还好，我就小心谨慎就可以了。而较劲的人则不是如此，他会在你靠右走的时候骂你怎么不靠左走，而你靠左走的时候骂你怎么不靠右走，你不走的时候骂你怎么不走，而且揪住你不放，直到把你搞死。你说这种人可怕不可怕？

我是亲身体会到了这种恐惧。其实在精神分析的小组中，受到攻击十分正常，更何况我自己也是一个容易引起攻击的人。然而面对过来的攻击，我感受确实不同的。譬如有一个女同学，用各种方式攻击我，我们还进行了彼此分析，觉得这种攻击其实是高浓度情感，这不仅没让我害怕，反而让我窃喜，即便事实并非如此，至少我是可以用精神胜利法化解的。对于她的攻击，我感觉我完全可以应付的了，而且可以想玩就玩，不想玩就可以躲得开。所以我不恐惧。而另外一个同学给我的感觉则全然不是，虽然她言语上并不是很激烈，但是我深深的感受到，她的攻击让我化不开、躲不掉，也就是说无论我怎么做都没用，想躲都不行，她会一直盯着我。这可能就是“较劲”。

和较劲的人在一起，让人感到透不过气来。较劲的人自己也必定是不快乐的，因为这种较劲肯定是潜意识的，其本人并不知觉，在给别人带来恐惧的同时，自己也肯定会感到不顺心，这也会导致朋友、亲人的疏离，自然也是不幸的。

光鲜的女人

我们小组有一位大姐，一起参加初级班的时候我就注意到了，衣着很得体，也很漂亮，外表看来也很鲜亮，算得上题目上所写的“光鲜的女人”了。初级班的时候，我的感觉这是一个控制欲很强的人，常常想操控老师，其次的感觉就是一种疏远的感觉，这就是所谓的隔离吧。中级班的时候她也来了，我们俩还分到了一个组里。在曾老师示范的时候，她简单陈述了她的故事，还说到自己男人缘很好，我对此就很有些怀疑，我作为一个男人，怎么没有感受到吸引，而感受到的是排斥呢？后来分析一下，或许是因为我不具备某些条件，比如年龄。在小组里进行分析的时候，她说她的一个小小的烦恼吧，就是几乎一天换一件衣服，爱买衣服，家里仅裙子就200多条等等。我们分别进行了分析，我坚信我的分析是最有道理的——满足一下自己的自恋。其实这些都不是我要说的，我想说的是，在分析她的过程中，有人问及了她的婚姻状况，似乎想知道婚姻是否有问题之类的。在我看来，一个光鲜的女人婚姻肯定没问题。

这种论断或许有点武断了，比如，潘金莲吧，婚姻不幸，不也很漂亮，很光鲜吗？潘金莲我不是很认识，也没有交往过，所以不知道是否真有此人，即便是真有此人，那也是万恶的旧社会的事情，与当时的历史情况有关。在当今世界上，如果一个女人长期处于婚姻不幸的状态，我不相信，她还可以光艳照人，或许她可以穿漂亮、时尚的衣服，却不可能有亮丽的肤色，更不可能有女人的味道。如果有人问，是否调查过，我真的没调查过，只是作为一个男人的感觉而已。或者从另外一个方面说，如果一个女人衣着得体，举止优雅，光彩照人，她的丈夫会不喜欢她，会不珍惜她？除非这个男人有问题。

由此我想到的是，女人首先要当一个女人，然后再当妻子、母亲、女儿以及职业中的角色。在我提出这个观点的时候，有同学问我，如果女人不是妻子、母亲等，怎么显示她是女人，这个问题足以说明，女人迷失了自己女人的特点实在太久了。女人是什么，我认为，首先是女性，野蛮的说，就是雌性动物，雌性动

物天然的职责就是吸引雄性动物。怎么吸引雄性呢，自然是要把自己的雌性气息散发出来，比如妩媚啊、比如柔情啊，甚至还有风骚一点啊。这样的女人肯定会吸引所有正常的男人，一个能吸引男人的女人，做好别的还有什么难的呢？从一个男人的角度看，这样的女人实在太少了。

写到这里连我自己都有点觉得写得不对，但这是我的真实感受，从逻辑层面确实难以圆满的分析，雄性动物的感受而已。

真实有时让人害怕

在我们小组的十七个人中，有一个人让很多人的感受肯定是害怕，觉得此人有点不正常，是不是学精神分析学疯了，再加上她在评论一些人的时候，劝人家这么大年纪了，学精神分析干什么啊，之类的。于是，肯定有几个人，把她看成了精神分析的牺牲品，对她同情的同时，也增加了对精神分析的仇恨，坚定了远离精神分析的决心。

我倒实在没有害怕的情绪，学习的过程中，尤其是在她发言的时候，我深刻的感受到的是一种真实，至少是一种脱去了很多外壳（虽然没有全脱去）之后的真实。然而这种真实会让一些人害怕，或许是因为我们习惯了周围的不真实，而面对真实的时候反而不知所措。尤其是只有一个人真实的时候，更让其他的人害怕。当我们面对这种害怕的时候，防御机制会告诉我们：这个人不正常。我们为什么害怕真实呢，可能是因为真实的人就像一面没有瑕疵的镜子吧，在那里我们照出了真实的自己，真实的我们都能看到自己的肺腑和自己的骨骼。我们都知道，X光下的人体是真实的，却是不美的，当面对这样的不美的时候，防御机制再一次帮助了我们，它会告诉我们，那个影像是假的，X光机有问题。大抵如此吧。

本来有很多要说的，因为一个小组成员已经回到家里，并且用qq跟我聊天，很大的扰动了我的思绪，不知道说什么好了。我想说什么呢？一是想告诉那个真实的人，适当掩遮一下，别吓着别人；再就是想告诉其他的人，真实其实是很美的。

自我分析：对幼稚的恐惧

在自由联想的时候，我充当咨询师的角色，另外一个小女孩作为来访者进行自由联想。确实由于我的身体疾病的因素我坐不住了，曾老师，提醒了一下我，除了身体原因，有没有其他原因，我为了配合权威，想了想说觉得她的说法太幼稚了。曾老师说这就很有意思了，值得思考。这也确实引起了我的思考，是我讨厌幼稚，还是我恐惧幼稚呢（忽然觉得精分的角度，讨厌就是恐惧，这个问题问的水平太低了）？应该是后者吧。在小组讨论过程中，我说了那句“光鲜的女人婚姻肯定没问题”之后，小组中的老大妈说了一句“幼稚！”，我当时就有一种被刀子捅了一下的感觉，到现在还隐隐作痛。当然，我觉得那个老大妈也确实够狠，可以不费吹灰之力、于无意间发现我的软肋，使我有一种被搞死的感觉。

还是不说老大妈了，可能有这样的感觉不是老大妈的事情，还是说我为什么恐惧幼稚吧。以我目前的学习水平，我觉的用精神分析的方法分析，我可能幼年时期就生活在一种复杂的环境下，时刻要保持警惕，时刻要进行抗争，所以害怕幼稚，因为一旦幼稚了，就会遭受到危险。还有一种解释方法，那就是，我试图获得父亲的地位，只有成熟的人才能获得这一地位，而幼稚的人是不可以的，因此，我恐惧幼稚。但无论是那种解释吧，都足以说明，我的幼年肯定是不完美的。

不写了吧。曾老师强调同行之间一定要有个团队，这个重要性我也是用身体感受到了的，所以，很希望我们的同学们能保持联系。

魏广东

2009-6-11

第五篇：Ishow2018中级班文本2.0

2018 Ishow中级班文本2.0 目录

一、滑冰

二、Yuhong（移民）

三、照片（叔叔的小屋，爷爷奶奶家）

四、等车，写投诉信

五、新加坡交通（限行，限购，缴税，地铁）

六、机场问路

七、看房子

八、问房子

九、Terry（工作，分手）

十、戒烟，改变，加俱乐部，减肥

十一、snails with garlic，fried brain

十二、周计划（Florida），暑假计划（work，Guadalajara in Mexico）

十三、背包旅行，参观纽约

十四、Jason

十五、邻居扰民，停错车位

十六、圣诞节，变装

十七、和服，婚礼

十八、工作打算

十九、工作打算（记者，老师，公务员，餐馆）

二十、自由女神像

二十一、埃及金字塔，长城 二

十二、模特，作家

二十三、Joan，Bob近期情况（旅行，买房）二

十四、看电影 二

十五、拾金不昧 二

十六、电话咨询节目

(1)

1.Ted: Oh, I'm really sorry.Are you OK? Ana: I'm fine.But I'm not very good at this.Ted: Neither am I.Say, are you from South America? Ana: Yes, I am originally.I was born in Argentina.Ted: Did you grow up there? Ana: Yes, I did, but my family moved here eight years ago when I was in high school.Ted: And where did you learn the rollerblade? Ana: Here in the park.This is only my second time.Ted: Well, it's my first time.Can you give me some lessons? Ana: Sure.Just follow me.Ted: By the way, my name is Ted.Ana: And I'm Ana.Nice to meet you.2.Ted: Hey, hey!That was fun.Thank you for the lesson!Ana: No problem.So, tell me a little about yourself.What do you do? Ted: I work in a travel agency.Ana: Really!What do you do there? Ted: I'm in charge of their computers.Ana: Oh, so you're a computer specialist.Ted: Well, sort of.Yeah, I guess so.Ana: That's great.Then maybe you can give me some help with a computer course I'm taking.Ted: Oh, sure...But only if you promise to give me some more rollerblading lessons.Ana: It's a deal!

(2)1.Interviewer: Where are you from originally, Yu Hong? Yu Hong: I'm from China...from near Shanghai.Interviewer: And when did you move here? Yu Hong: I came here after I graduated from college.That was in 1992.Interviewer: And what do you do now? Yu Hong: I'm a transportation engineer.Interviewer: I see.So you 're an immigrant to the United States? Yu Hong: Yes, that's right.Interviewer: What are some of the difficulties of being an immigrant in the U.S.? Yu Hong: Oh, That's not an easy question to answer.There are so many things really.I guess one of the biggest difficulties is that I don't have any relatives here.I mean, I have a lot of friends, but that's not the same thing.In China, on the holidays or the weekend, we visit relatives.It isn't the same here.Interviewer: And what do you miss the most from home? Yu Hong: Oh, that's easy, my mom's soup!She makes great soup.I really miss my mother's cooking.(3)

1.A: Hey!Are these pictures of you when you were a kid? B: Yeah!That’s me in front of my uncle’s beach house.When I was a kid, we used to spend two weeks there every summer.A: Wow, I bet that was fun!B: Yeah.We always had a great time.Every day we used to get up early and walk along the beach.I have a great shell collection.In fact, I think it’s still up in the attic!A: Hey, I used to collect shells, too, when I was a kid.But my parents threw them out!

2.A: You know what I remember most about growing up? B: What? A: Visiting my grandparent’s house… you know, on holidays and stuff.They lived way out in the country, and my granddad had a horse named Blackie.He taught me how to ride.I just love that horse-and she loved me, too!I used to really enjoy spending time at my grandparent’s house.And every time I came back, Blackie remembered me.B: Ah, memories!

(4)

1.A: Why is there never a bus when you want one? B: Good question.There aren’t enough buses on this route.A: Sometimes I feel like writing a letter to the paper.B: Good idea.You should say that we need more subway lines, too.A: Yeah.There should be more public transportation in general.B: And fewer cars!There’s too much traffic.A: Say, is that our bus coming? B: Yes, it is.But look.It’s full!A: Oh, no!Let’s go and get a cup of coffee.We can talk about this letter I’m going to write.2.A: So you are really going to write a letter to the paper? B: Sure.I’m going to say something about the buses.They’re too old.We need more modern buses… nice air-conditioned ones.B: And they need to put more buses on the road.A: Right.And there are too many cars downtown, and there isn’t enough parking.B: That’s for sure.It’s impossible to find a parking space downtown these days.A: I think they should ban private cars downtown between nine and five.B: Oh, you mean they shouldn’t allow any cars except taxis and buses during the regular workday.Hmm… that sounds like a really good idea.(5)1.Quite a number of things have been done to help solve traffic problems in Singapore.For example, motorists must buy a special pass if they want to drive into the downtown business district.They can go into the business district only if they have the pass displayed on their windshield.Another thing Singapore has done is to make it more difficult to buy cars.People have to apply for a certificate if they want to buy a car.And the number of certificates is limited.Not everyone can get one.There is also a high tax on cars, so it costs three or four times as much to buy a car in Singapore as it does in, say, the United States or Canada.The other thing Singapore has done is to build an excellent pubic transportation system.Their subway system is one of the best in the world.And there is also a very good taxi and bus system.(6)

1.A: Excuse me.Could you tell me where the bank is? B: There’s one upstairs, across from the duty-free shop.A: Oh, thanks.Do you know what time it opens? B: It should be open now.It opens at 8:00A.M.A: Good.And can you tell me how often the buses leave for the city? B: You need to check at the transportation counter.It’s right down the hall.A: OK.And just one more thing.Do you know where the nearest restroom is? B: Right behind you, ma’am.See that sign? A: Oh.Thanks a lot.2.A: Excuse me.It’s me again.I’m sorry.I need some more information if you don’t mind.B: Not at all.A: Thanks.Do you know how much a taxi costs to the city? B: Well, it depends on the traffic, of course.But it usually costs about forty dollars.A: Forty dollars? I guess I’ll take the bus.That means I have almost an hour till the next one.Where could I find an inexpensive restaurant in the airport? Maybe a fast-food place? B: Go upstairs and turn right.You’ll see the snack bar on your left.A: Thanks very much.Have a nice day.B: You, too.(7)

1.A: What do you think? B: Well, it has just as many bedrooms as the last apartment.And the living room is huge.C: But the bedrooms are too small.And there isn’t enough closet space for my clothes.A: And it’s not as cheap as the last apartment we saw.B: But that apartment was dark and dingy.And it was in a dangerous neighborhood.A: Let’s see if the real estate agent has something else to show us.2.A: Well, um,how do you like this space, then? C: Oh, it’s much better than that other one.The thing I like best is the bedrooms.They are too huge!B: Yes, they are nice and big.C: And there are two bathrooms!I could have my own bathroom!B: Yes, I guess you could.C: The only problem is the color of the living room.I really don’t like those dark green walls.A: Oh, I’m sure we can change the color if we want to.3.A: Creative Rentals.Good morning.B: Hello.I’m calling about the apartment you have for rent.A: Yes.What can I tell you about it? B: Where is it, exactly? A: It’s on King Street, just off the freeway.B: Oh, near the freeway.Can you hear the traffic? A: Yes, I’m afraid you do hear some.But the apartment has lots of space.It has three bedrooms and a very large living room B: I see.And is it in a new building? A: Well, the building is about fifty years old.B: Uh-huh.Well, I’ll think about it.A: OK.Thanks for calling.B: Thank you.Bye

(8)1.A: Hello？

B: Hello.Is the apartment you’re advertising still available? A: Yes, it is.B: Can you tell me a little about it? A: Well, it’s a perfect apartment for one person.It’s one room with a kitchen at one end.B: I see.And is it far away from the subway? A: There’s a subway station just down the street.Actually, the apartment is located right downtown, so you step out of the building and there are stores and restaurants everywhere.But it’s on a high floor, so you don’t hear any street or traffic noise.B: It sounds like just the kind of place I’m looking for.I’d like to come see it, please.A: Sure.Let me give you the address.2.A:Town and city rentals.How can I help you? B:Hi!Um,Is that apartment youadvertised still available? A:Yes, it is.B:Oh, good.Um, listen,I,I can’t pay too much.So the low prise you asking is…is really good for me.A:Great.B;And how big is it? A:It’s two rooms plus the kichen and bathroom.B:Well, is it a safe place to live? A:Well,I can tell you I’ve lived here for five years and I never heard about anybody having a problem.B:Oh, that’s good.Uh, let see, oh yeah, does the apartment have a lot of windows? A:Windows, yes, there are plenty of windows, but unfortunately,there is’n much light really.See, there’s another building right next to ours.B:Oh,that’s OK.I’m never around in the day anyway.Do you think it’s alright if I come and look at it? A:Anytime.When you wanna see it.（9）

1.A: So where are you working now, Terry? B: Oh, I’m still at the bank.I don’t like it, though.A: That’s too bad.Why not? B: Well, it’s boring, and it doesn’t pay very well.A: I know what you mean.I don’t like my job either.I wish I could find a better job.B: Actually, I don’t want to work at all anymore.I wish I had a lot of money so I could retire now.A: Hmm, how old are you, Terry? B: Uh, twenty-six.2.A: So how are things going with you and Susie, Terry? B: Oh, you didn’t know? She and I broke up a couple of months ago.We decided we needed a break from each other for a while.But I miss her a lot.I wish we could get back together again.A: I’m sure you will.B: I really hope so.So what kind of job would you like to look for? A: I’m not sure, but I’d love something that would involve travel.And I’d really like to move to another city.I’m sick of this place.I need to live somewhere more exciting.B: I know what you mean.It sure can get boring around here at times.(10)1.A: Ugh!I feel awful.I really have to stop smoking.B: So why don't you quit? A: Well, if I quit, I might gain weight!B: A lot of people do, but...A: And if I gain weight, I won't be able to fit into any of clothes!B: Well, you can always go on a diet.A: Oh, no.I'm terrible at losing weight on diets.So if my clothes don't fit, I'll have to buy new ones.I'll have to get a part-time job, and...B: Listen, it is hard to quit, but it's not that hard.Do you want to know how I did it?

2.A: Well, giving up smoking isn't really as hard as you think.I managed to do it, so it can't be that difficult.You should try a nicotine gum.You chew it just like regular chewing gum, and you don't feel like smoking.B: Well, I guess it's worth a try.3.Yeah, I really need a change.I’ve been doing the same things for over five years now, and I’m just not learning anything new.It’s the same routine every day, and I am really sick of sitting in front of a computer.I think I need to try something totally different.I want to be in a profession that involves meeting people.4.I really need to join a club or sports team to give me something to do on weekends.I get really bored on the weekends, and if I joined a club.I’d probably get to meet people and make new friends.5.Gosh, I really have to go on a diet.I’ve gained ten pounds since last year, and everyone tells me I look fat.And if I don’t lose weight now, I won’t be able to get into any of my summer clothes.（11）

1.A: Hey, this sounds good — snails with garlic!Have you ever eaten snails? B: No, I haven’t

A: Oh, they’re delicious!I had them last time.Like to try some? B: No, thanks.They sound strange.C: Have you decided on an appetizer yet? A: Yes.I’ll have the snails, please.C: And you, sir? B: I think I’ll have the fried brains.A: Fried brains? Now that really sound strange!

2.A: Oh, good.Here comes the waitress now!C: Here are your snails, madam.And for you, sir… the fried brains.B: Thank you.A: Mmm, these snails are delicious!How are the brains? B: Well, I think they’re… yuck!Oh, sorry, I guess brains are pretty strange after all.Um, I think I’m going to order something else, if you don’t mind.A: Oh, sure.Go ahead.B: Miss!Excuse me, miss!C: Yes? B: Uh, I really don’t care for this appetizer.Could you bring me something else? C: Yes, of course.What would you like instead? A: Try the snails.B: No, I don’t think so.I’ll tell you what.Just forget an appetizer for me, and bring me a nice, juicy hamburger… medium rare…with French fries and a large soda.3.Have you finished with this A: Have you finished with this? B: No, I’m still drinking it.Thanks.4.A: Did you order this? B: Yes, that’s mine.Mmm, it looks great and smells delicious!

5.A: Don’t you like it? B: I haven’t tasted it yet.I’m waiting for the waitress to bring me a fork.6.A: Did you enjoy it? B: Well, it was a little tough.I think it was cooked for too long.7.A: How is it? B: Great.Just the way I like it: black and strong.8.A: Your turn or mine? B: It’s my treat this time.You paid last time.Remember?

（12）

1.A: I’m so excited!We have two weeks off!What are you going to do? B: I’m not sure.I guess I’ll just stay home.Maybe I’ll catch up on my reading.What about you? Any plans? A: Well, my parents have rented a condominium in Florida.I’m going to take long walks along the beach every day and do lots of swimming.B: Sounds great!A: Say, why don’t you come with us? We have plenty of room.B: Do you mean it? I’d love to!

2.A: Have you planned anything for the summer, Brenda? B: Yeah.I’m going to work the first month and save some money.Then I’m going to go down to Mexico for six weeks to stay with my sister.She’s working in Guadalajara.She says it’s really interesting there, so I want to go and see what to go and see what it’s like.It will also give me a chance to practice my Spanish.I’m really looking forward to it.3.A: So, what are you planning to do for your vacation, Judy? B: Oh, I’m doing something really exotic this year.You know, I went to Hawaii last year, and just stayed on the beach for two weeks.This year, I’m going white-water rafting!A: Ooh, that sounds great.But what is it, exactly? B: Oh, well, you know, it’s in Colorado.They have all these trips down the rapids.The water gets really rough, but I think it’ll be really exciting.Oh, I’m doing some rock climbing, too.A: And you call that a vacation?

（13）

1.A: Hey, Mom.I want to backpack around Europe this summer.What do you think? B: Backpack around Europe? That sounds dangerous!You shouldn’t go by yourself.You ought to go with someone.A: Yes, I’ve thought of that.B: And you’d better talk to your father first.A: I already did.He thinks it’s a great idea.He wants to come with me!

2.A: What should people do to make their visit to New York City safe and pleasant? B: I think the biggest mistake many people make is trying to do too much in a short time.There’s so much to see and do that you need to have a plan.It’s best to start planning before you get here, so you have information about hotels, restaurants, sightseeing, and so on.Visitors can use our Web site to get the information they need to start planning before they come here;or they can phone or fax us.Interviewer: How safe is New York City for tourists?

Spokesperson: New York is a much safer place than many people think.In fact, it’s the safest it’s been in thirty years!Interviewer: Oh, that’s good to hear!

Spokesperson: Yes, but that doesn’t mean people don’t have to be careful;tourists in New York ought to be careful, just like in any big city in the world.For students, I would say travel in groups.If you get lost, it’s easier as a group to find your way.You really shouldn’t go off on your own if you can find someone to go with you.Another thing to remember is: Don’t be afraid to ask for directions, even if your English isn’t perfect.People often stop me on the street to ask for directions, and that’s not only foreign visitors.American visitors also have trouble finding their way around;and you’ll find New Yorkers are really very friendly.Interviewer: Yes, I agree.We are!Spokesperson: Uh-huh.Interviewer: Is there any other advice you can give visitors to the Big Apple?

Spokesperson: Well, another thing to remember is not to leave anything valuable in your car if you have one.Don’t leave suitcases on the back seat where people can see them, and it’s better not to even leave them in the truck.Most cars are very easy to get into.So it’s not worth the risk.But most people have a great time when they come to New York.And you will, too.If you use your common sense.（14）

1.A: Jason…Jason!Turn down the TV a little, please.B: Oh, but this is my favorite program!A: I know.But it’s very loud.B: OK.I’ll turn it down.A: That’s better.Thanks.B: Lisa, please pick up your things.A: They’re all over the living room floor.B: In a minute, Mom.I’m on the phone.A: OK.But do it as soon as you hang up.B: Sure.No problem.A: Goodness!Were we like this when we were kids? B: Definitely!

2.A: Have you noticed how forgetful Dad is getting? He’s always forgetting where his car keys are.It drives me crazy.B: And he can never find his glasses either.A: I know.B: You know what drives me crazy about Mom? A: What? B: Those awful talk shows she watches on TV.She just loves them.A: Yeah, I think she watches them for hourseveryday.B: Oh, well.I guess they’re just getting old.I hope I never get like that.A: Me, too.Hey, let’s go and play a video game.B: Great idea.By the way, have you seen my glasses anywhere?

3.A: James, please turn that down…James!B: Yes, Mom? A: Turn that down.It’s much too loud.B: Sorry, Mom.I had it turned up because I wanted to hear the game.4.A: Molly, put the groceries away, please.There’s ice cream in one of the bags.B: I can’t right now, Dad.I’m doing my homework.5.A: What’s this, James!B: Yeah, Mom? A: Why are there all these wet towels on the bathroom floor? Please pick them up and hang them up to dry.B: Gosh, I’m really sorry, Mom.I forgot all about them.7.A: Justin, come help me.We need to wash these dishes before your mother gets home.B: Oh, Dad.I’d like to help, but I have to call Laurie.It’s really important.8.A: Aimee, I think the dog is trying to tell you something!B: Well, I can’t possibly take him out right now.I’m doing my nails.（15）

1.A: Hi.I’m your new neighbor, George Rivera.I live next door.B: Oh, hi.I’m Stephanie Lee.A: So, you just moved in? Do you need anything? B: Not right now.But thanks.A: Well, let me know if you do.Um, by the way, would you mind turning your stereo down? The walls are really thin, so the sound goes right through to my apartment.B: Oh, I’m sorry!I didn’t realize that.I’ll make sure to keep the volume down.Oh, by the way, is there a good Italian restaurant in the neighborhood?

A: Yeah.There’s a great one a couple of blocks from here.Try their lasagna.It’s delicious!

2.A: Hello.I’m sorry to bother you, but I think your car is parked in my space downstairs.B: Really? A: Yes.Do you drive a blue Honda? B: Yes, I do.A: Well, there’s a blue Honda parked in space 13 and that’s my space.B: Oh, I’m so sorry.My son must have put it in the wrong space.Ours is the one right next to yours-number 12.Let me get my keys, and I’ll go right down and move the car.A: Thanks.B: And I’ll make sure my son doesn’t do it again.A: I appreciate it.3.A: Gee, Bob, you’re really late.You said you’d be here at six, and look at the time.It’s almost six thirty!

B: I’m really sorry.Tell you what: I’ll pay for dinner.A: Oh, it’s all right.You don’t have to do that.B: No, I want to pay.You had to wait for me almost half an hour.A: Well, hey, OK – if you insist.Thanks!

（16）

1.A: Did you know next week is Halloween? It’s on October 31 B: So what do you do on Halloween? We don’t have that holiday in Russia.A: Well, it’s a day when kids dress up in masks and costumes.They knock on people’s doors and ask for candy by saying the words“Trick or treat!” B: Hmm.Sounds interesting.A: But it’s not just for kids.Lots of people have costume parties.Hey… my friend Pete is having a party.Would you like to go? B: Sure.I’d love to.2.A: So are we going to wear costumes to the party? B: Of course.That’s half the fun.Last year I rented this great Dracula costume, and this year I’m going as a clown.A: A clown? Yes, you would make a good clown.B: Hey!A: Oh, I’m just kidding.What about me? What kind of costume should I wear? B: Why don’t you go as a witch? I saw a terrific witch outfit at the costume store.A: A witch… yeah, that’s a good idea.So after I scare people, you can make them laugh.（17）

1.A: You look beautiful in that kimono, Mari.Is this your wedding photo? B: Yes, it is.A: Do most Japanese women wear kimonos when they get married? B: Yes, many of them do.Then after the wedding ceremony, the bride usually changes into a Western bridal dress during the reception.A: Oh, I didn’t know that.2.A: Did you get married in a church, Mari? B: No, the ceremony was held at a shrine.A: Oh, a shrine…

B: Yes, we were married by a priest in a traditional Shinto ceremony.A: Hmm.And who went to the ceremony? B: Well, only the immediate family attended the ceremony… you know, our parents, grandparents, brothers and sisters…

A: And what about the reception? What was that like? B: Lots of friends and relatives came to the reception…about a hundred people.And the first thing happened was that the main guests gave formal speeches.A: Speeches? B: Yes, and then after that, all the guests were served a formal meal.While everyone was eating and drinking, lots of other guests gave short speeches or sang songs.Some of the speeches were funny.A: Sounds like fun!B: Yes, the songs and speeches are all part of the entertainment during a wedding reception.And then, at the end of the reception, each guest received a present for coming to the wedding.A: A present from the bride and groom? B: Yes, it’s a Japanese custom.A: What a nice custom!

(18)

1.A: So what kind of job are you looking for? B: Well, I haven’t made up my mind.I love working with people, and I love traveling.I don’t want a job where I’m stuck in an office all day.I want to get out and see the world.A: Are you interested in working in business? That’s where you can sometimes make good money.B: I’m not really interested in making a lot of money at this point in my life.I’ll worry about that later

2.A: What kind of career are you planning for yourself? B: I don’t know.I think I’d like to have a job where I can help people.Everybody else in my family is in law or business-you know, boring stuff like that.That’s just not for me.I know I’d like to work overseas, though.Maybe in a children’s hospital in a developing country.But that’s a long way away.I have to get into medical school first, and that’s not going to be easy!

3.A: What kind of job do I have in mind? Well, I don’t want a regular nine-to–five job.Eventually, I’d like to get into acting-maybe even break into movies.But I guess that won’t happen for a while.B: So what are you doing in the meantime? A: Well, I work out at the gym nearly every day.I need to be really fit.And I’m taking acting lessons as well so that I feel comfortable in front of the crowd.I just had some pictures taken to show to agents in the city.Would you like to see them? B: Sure.(19)1.Tim：I don’t know what classes to take this semester.I can’t decide what I want to do with my life.Have you thought about it, Brenda? Brenda: yes, I have.I think I’d make a good journalist because I love writing.Tim: maybe I could be a teacher because I’m very creative.And I like working with kids.Brenda: oh, I wouldn’t want to be a teacher.I’m too impatient.Tim: I know one thing I could never do.Brenda: what’s that? Tim: I could never be a stockbroker because I’m not good at making decisions quickly.2.Brenda: my history professor says I should think about a career in politics.But I don’t think I’d make a good politician.Tim: why not, Brenda? Brenda: oh, you know me.I’m terrible at speaking in front of a lot of people— you know, like giving speeches and things.And politicians have to speak in public all the time.Tim: that’s true.You know, that reminds me of a problem I’m having.Brenda: what is it? Tim: you know my parents have a really successful restaurant, right? Well, my father wants me to be the manager.Brenda: and you don’t want to? Tim: no, not at all.I’d be a terrible manager.I’m much too disorganized.（20）

1.A: We are now approaching the famous Statue of Liberty, which has welcomed visitors to New York Harbor since 1886.B: Wow!Look at it.A: Incredible, isn’t it? B: The statue was given to the United States by the people of France.It was designed by the French sculptor Bartholdi.A: It’s really huge.Do we get to go inside? B: Of course.We can climb the stairs all the way up to the crown.A: Stairs? There’s no elevator? B: Not to the top.But it’s just 142 steps!

2.Let me tell you a little more about the statue before you climb to the top.In case you’re wondering what the statue is made of, it has a framework inside that’s made of iron;the outer skin is made of copper.The copper skin is only 2.4 millimeters thick.The supporting framework inside the statue is what holds the whole thing together.The Statue of Liberty is a major tourist attraction, and every year about two million people from all over the world come here to visit it.(21)

A:The Pyramids were built more than four thousand years ago by the Egyptians.The most famous ones are on the west bank of the river Nile, outside of Cairo.They served as burial places for the Egyptian Kings.After a king’s death, his body was turned into what is called a “mummy.” The preserved it.The King’s mummy was placed inside the pyramid, together with treasures and the King’s belongings.B: The Great Wall of China is the longest manmade structure ever built.It was built to protect one of the Chinese kingdoms.Much of what exists of the wall today was built during the Ming Dynasty in the late 1400s, although parts of the wall are much older and go back to around 200 B.C.The wall is about 35 feet high, or 11 meters, and a stone roadway runs along the top of it.The main part of the wall stretches for about 2,000 miles, that is, about 3,400 kilometers.(22)

1.A: How did you get into modeling, Stacy? B: Well, when I graduated from drama school, I moved to Los Angeles to look for work as an actress.I was going to auditions every day, but I never got any parts.And I was running out of money.A: So, what did you do? B: I got a job as a waitress in a seafood restaurant.While I was working there, a customer offered me some work as a model.Within a few weeks, I was modeling full time.A: Wow, what a lucky break!

2.A: So, Richard, what did you do after you graduated? B: Well, I majored in English literature in college.A: Uh-huh.B: So when I graduated, I tried to make my living as a writer.A: Oh, really? B: Yeah.See, I’ve written a novel and I’ve sent it to eight different publishers, but they all, uh, rejected it.Say, would you like to read it, Stacy? I have it right here with me.A: Well, I’d love to read it, Richard,… but not right now.Uh, so do you have a job or anything? B: Oh, yes.I’m in sales.A: Oh!Where? B: Actually, I’m a salesclerk in a hardware store.But when my novel sells, I know I’ll be a best-selling author and I’ll make lots of money.(23)1.A: Hey, Joan!I haven’t seen you in ages.What have you been doing lately? B: Nothing exciting.I’ve been working two jobs for the last six months A: How come? B: I’m saving up money for a trip to Europe.A: Well, I’ve only been spending money.I quit my job to go to graduate school.I’m studying journalism.B: Really? How long have you been doing that? A: For two years.Luckily, I finish next month.I’m almost out of money.2.A: Hey, Bob, how’s it going? B: Pretty good, thanks.A: I haven’t seen you for a while.What have you been up to? B: Well, I’ve been looking for a house to buy.I finally found one last month.I move in next week.A: Gee, that’s terrific.B: Yeah.I’m really tired of dealing with landlords.So what have you been doing lately? A: Well, I just got back from a vacation in Italy.B: Italy? Whereabouts in Italy? A: Mostly in the north, around Milan.I have a cousin up there.B: I see.Did you have a good time? A: Yeah.It was great.In fact, I just got engaged to a guy I met there.B: You’re kidding!Well, that must have been some vacation!

(24)

1.Paul: Do you want to see a movie tonight?

Carol: Hmm.Maybe.What’s playing?

Lynn: How about the new Steven Spielberg film? I hear it’s really exciting.Carol: Who’s Steven Spielberg?

Paul: You know.He directed Jaws, E.T., and Jurassic Park.Carol: Oh, Jurassic Park was boring.The book by Michael Crichton was fascinating, but the movie was terrible!

Lynn: Well, I’m interested in that new Johnny Depp movie.It’s a romance.It’s been playing for about a month.Carol: Now that sounds good.I’ve never seen him in a romance, and I think he’s a wonderful actor!

2.A:What did you think of that documentary about Australia?

B:Oh, I learned so much!I didn’t know they had so many different kinds of animals there.And the photography!A: Yeah, it was something, wasn’t it?

B: Uh-huh, it was pretty amazing.It made me want to go there and see it for myself sometime.3.A: What did you think of the new Stephen King book?

B: Oh, I couldn’t stop reading it once I got started.I stayed up till four o’clock in the morning to finish it!A: And wasn’t the ending great?

B: Yeah, it really was!Such a surprise!And the whole story moved along so fast, too!

4.A: How did you like the movie? B: Well, I walked out after half an hour.A: You did?

B: Yeah, it was so dull that I started falling asleep!And I’ve never seen such bad acting from Jim Carrey!A: Oh, really? He’s usually pretty good.B: Well, not in that movie.I wish he’d choose better roles.(25)1.A: Look at this.Some guy found $750,000!He returned it and the owner thanked him with a phone call.B: You’re kidding!If I found $750,000, I wouldn’t return it so fast.A: Why? What would you do? B: Well, I’d go straight to Los Vegas and try my luck in the casinos.I could double the money in a day and keep $750,000 for myself.A: You might also lose it all in a day.And then you could go to jail.B: Hmm.You’ve got a point there.2.A: So, what would you do if you found a lot of money? B: Oh, you know me, Kate.I’m so honest, I scare myself sometimes.I’d take the money straight to the police.A: I guess that wouldn’t be such a bad idea.Maybe you’d be luckier than the guy in the article.Maybe the owner of the money would give you a big reward.B: Well, they say honesty pays.Right?

(26)1.Dr.Hilda:This is Dr.Hilda.Welcome to today’s show.Now let’s get started right away with our first caller.Hello!

Caller1: Hello, Dr.Hilda.I’m calling about my daughter.She’s…she’s dating an older man.Dr.Hilda: Oh, Now how old are these two people?

Caller1: My daughter ’s eighteen, and this man is forty-two.Dr.Hilda: Mm-hmm.Caller1: I told her she had to stop seeing him, and…and now she won’t speak to me.I feel terrible.Tell me, Dr.Hilda.What should I have done? Dr.Hilda: First, you should have spoken to this forty-two-year-old man.You should have asked him not to date your daughter for a couple of weeks-to give the situation some time to cool off.Then, if they still wanted to see each other and if the man seems like a nice person, you should let your daughter date him.You shouldn’t worry so much about the age difference.OK, now, let’s go to our next caller.Hello, caller!2.A:Hello? Uh, I’m a first-time caller, and uh, well, my problem is that my father went away on a business trip, and I borrowed his brand-new car, and I had a bad accident.B:Where is your mother?

A:She’s in Florida visiting some friends.B:All right, go on.A:Well, I sent a telegram to my father and I… I told him…well, I told him someone had stolen the car.B:Oh!You should have told your father the truth!Your father would probably understand about a car accident, and he would be glad you weren’t hurt.A:I’m not too sure about that!

B:Oh…give it a try, young man, because the truth is always better than a lie.OK, now let’s hear from our next caller.This is Dr.Hilda.You’re on the air.3.A:Hi, uh, I’m calling about a problem.Oh, it’s kind of a personal problem…it concerns work.B:Oh, yes, go on.A:Well, uh, I visited some friends from the office to my house for a party a couple of weeks ago.Everything was fine until someone started talking about politics.B:Oh!You shouldn’t have let the subject of politics come up.A:Well, it came up, and, uh, well, I finally got really angry at one of my co-workers, and, uh, to prevent a fight, I asked him to leave.B:And… what happened after that?

A:Well, now it’s caused a big problem in the office.Uh, he won’t speak to me.B:Again, you shouldn’t have talked about politics at a party!It’s not a safe topic.A:That’s for sure.B:And you shouldn’t have gotten so angry either!A:That’s true!But what should I do now?

B:It’s easy.You should simple apologize to your friends and say that you were a fool.A:Well, maybe that’s a good idea.I’ll give it a try.B:Good!Well, folks.“Nothing ventured, nothing gained,” I always say.I’m Dr.Hilda…until the next time.