电商专业英语----英文辩论稿 双方版

第一篇：电商专业英语----英文辩论稿 双方版

一． 立论

【正1：】3’

在座的老师，同学，对方辩友，大家好，我方的观点是，电子商务当然不能取代传统商务。尽管，自从 1996 年 IBM 公司首次提出了电子商务的概念，随着网络不断发展，电子商务日益被广大人民所接受。在电子商务刚刚兴起的时候，很多人认为：电子商务将取代传统销售业，传统的销售业将消亡，但是经过几年的发展，从世界销售业发展的态势分析，电子商务的出现，反而使销售业的各个环节都发生了变化，但并不能取代传统的销售业。

传统商务可以通过店面装修以及特色服务等方式给人一种直观而深刻的文化感受，而电子商务只能通过影音技术给人留下虚拟印象，不能让人有实质的体验感。比如餐饮业，为什么世界上那么多的餐厅注重装修的品味以及用餐氛围，因为他们关注的不仅体验感,仅是温饱，而是让顾客享受整个用餐过程，体会其饮食文化。

分析电子商务自身的属性，同样可得其难以构成替代传统商务形式的结论。电子商务其属性决定难以达到传统商务形式的信任度。由于网络的虚拟性，未谋面的买卖双方很难达到传统商务形式的信任度。不全面的商品信息，也增加买方网上贸易的不确定性。况且，电子商务的运营难以摆脱其所依托的网络所存在的弊端。随着电子商务的重要性的提高，网络不稳定性所带来的危害将会被无限制的放大，电子商务自身不可磨灭的弊病也终将阻碍其自身发展。

综上，现实世界的传统商务不可能被虚拟世界的电子商务完全代替。

Dear Pro.Li,classmates and my fellow debaters.Hello everyone.Our view is that E-commerce cannot complectly replace traditional commerce.In 1996, the concept of e-commerce was firstly proposed by IBM.In recent years,with the rapid development of computer science and modern technology,E-commerce has been increasingly accepted and widely used by the public.Therefore, some scholars predicted that e-commerce would complectly replace the traditional commerce.However, as time went by, the expected results didn’t turn up.Admittedly,e-commerce has been one kind of driving force for the promotion of every section of sales and marketing, rather than a substitute of the traditional commerce.Taking catering industry as an example.Traditional commerce can give customers intuitive and profound cultural experience by providing special indoor decorating and distinctive services.while e-commerce can only leave an audio and vedio impression,which may eventually lead to an unsubstantial experience.Why there are so many restaurants pay such more attention on the indoor decorating and dining atmosphere,because the whole dining process or even diet cultural are the sellers' top concern,as opposed to focus on the food quality only.and this spiritual care of meal can only be offered by traditional commerce.In addition,sense of trust is another problem which can not be ignored.Because the network is virtual,it is difficult for the buyers and sellers to develop a mutual and long-lasting trust between each other,which forms another barrier for online transactions.What’s more, the ambigious and exaggerating information about the products and the rising number of fraud or dishonesty also intensify the distrust between the traders.So if the distrust of e-com itself cannot be resolved,it is more likely to prevent the e-com for its further development.All in all, the traditional commerce cannot be completely replaced by e-com, and being the state of co-existence is relatively reasonable for their combination and better development in the future.【反1：】3’

老师，同学们，对方辩友，大家下午好，很高兴对方辩友能够承认电商崛起的大背景，正是依据这种背景，我方认为电子商务取代传统商务将成为必然。近年来，随着全球经济化的发展，电子商务已经不再是什么新鲜事物了，它正以日新月异的高科技手段挑战传统的贸易方式，并已经对传统销售业的观念和行为方式产生巨大的影响和冲击。

为什么电子商务能够短时间内对传承千百年的传统行业造成如此大的冲击？因为电子商务有着传统行业无法匹敌的多种优势。

首先，成本优势。电子商务通过互联网络实现商务活动，突破了传统的时空观念,大大提高了物流、资金流和信息流的有效传输和处理，为制造者、销售者和消费者提供了能更好地满足各自需求的极好的机会。

其次，便捷时尚。正如我们所见，现在社会处于一个高节奏运转之中，购物这些事情在人们生活中的地位越来越边缘化。便捷与时尚成为这个社会追求的一种主流的价值观。电子商务的出现，正是迎合了消费者的这一点需求。

第三，快速反馈、反应。传统的商业形式反应比较迟钝。电子商 务则不同，快速反应和反馈的机制，可以通过消费者的评价与购买体验反馈，以及销量的数据库分析，了解商品的最新动态，并针对反馈或者消费者的购买情况制定价格策略和促销策略。

综上所述，我方认为电子商务是时代的产物，在信息化数字化的今天，传统的销售和运营方式已经不再被社会所接受，而更为廉价便捷的电子商务成为取而代之的新一代商业模式，必将取代传统商务。

二． 驳论

【反2：】2’

非常值得一提的是电子商务这个概念，这里我们讨论的是广义的电子商务。顾客来餐厅吃饭没有电子商务的参与吗？如何得到餐厅的信息？如何到达餐厅？如何在点餐前就知道自己要吃什么，而不是碰运气？另一方面，餐厅的运营，从财务到人力，到原材料的采购，库存的管理，物流运输调度，无不涉及电子商务的参与，而随着电子商务的日趋成熟，这种渗透会越来越彻底和全面，传统的商务则渐渐名存实亡。

对方辩友提到了网络的不确定性，随着电子商务总量的激增，的确带来了一些困扰，但技术的快速进步同样为问题的解决提供了支持，总体来说，科技的快速发展，网络技术的成熟为降低不确定性提供了保障。

【正2：】2’

对方辩友在刚刚的陈述中阐述了以下三点，成本优势，便捷时尚，快速反馈、反应。我也从这三个反面进行驳论。如今电子商务的成本也与从前大不一样，从宣传平台的使用，到新的宣传方式的形成，再到为最终效应所支付的成本已大幅提高，还有多少的空间？其次，便捷时尚也就从本质上说明了电子商务受众的狭隘性。正因为其快捷时尚的特点，同时也就忽略了更为广泛、普遍的非时尚群体。而在这些群体当中有着无数的潜在客户，因为这样的方式而放弃这些，对方辩友应该更多的考虑这样的结果孰轻孰重。而最后一点快速反馈、反应更是效用低下，在已经失去了如此多潜在客户的前提下，即使再快速的反馈也无法带来真实的销量，而这也违背了销售的初衷。综上所述，电子商务的优势其实也正是它的局限所在。

Just now, my fellow debator discussed the advantages of e-commerce from the following three aspects: the cost advantage, convenience and quick response.So now, I will also refute from these three aspects.Firstly,issues about the cost of e-commerce has been different from the very beginning.The e-commerce company has to adopt diverse kinds of propaganda to open up and expand their market,which means tons of excess money be poured into the ads or PRs(public relations)before gaining profits.Secondly,the advantage of convenience essentially illustrates the limitations of e-commerce audience.Because of its fashion, e-commerce pay more attention on the fashion group and always arise the interest of young person, inevitably they ignore the broader and general non-fashion groups,such as people in their 40s,let alone the seniors.In these groups which has a myriad of potential customers,but it is pretty diffidult for these juniors and seniors to give up their shopping habits.Finally, because its low levels of utility and less of potential customers,e-commerce enterprises hardly exert its advantages into reality.In summary, the advantages of e-commerce is also the limitations of itself and will barricade its futher development.三． 质辩

【正3：】15’’

企业在实施网络营销战略时面对的最严重的问题是渠道冲突问题。为了降低多重渠道冲突，企业在网上销售的定价不能低于传统渠道中的价格，这样才不会引起网络渠道和传统渠道之间的竞争。请问对方一辩，在这种情况下如何推进电子商务的发展？

The most serious problem faced by enterprises in the implementation of network marketing strategy is channel conflict.In order to reduce the multi-channel conflict, pricing of the online sales can’t be less than the price of the traditional channels, so as not to cause competition between the network channels and traditional channels.In this situation, how could enterprises carry out Informationizational reform? 【反1：】30’’

举个例子可以解决这个问题。安利与微软，IBM合作建立了捷星公司，捷星是安利的兄弟公司，以电子商务为平台，经营的产品除了自有的纽崔莱，雅姿，金锅，净水器等以外，还代理了adidas、reebuk、lee等品牌3万多种产品，是一家网上的超级商城，安利本身的直销已经降低了成本，捷星的售价较安利还要低，捷星的广告全靠消费者。

如今，捷星公司已成为全球最大的电子商务公司，成为勇敢革新，华丽转身，最终获得巨大成功的典范。An example can solve this problem.Amway join hands with Microsoft and IBM to establish the brother company of Amway called Quixtar, which sales, by e-commerce platform, the products of its own nutrilite, artistry, JinGuo, and acted as agent for more than 30000 products brand such as adidas, reebuk, lee.Quixtar is an online super mall.Although Amway’s direct selling has lowered the cost, the selling price of the star is Amway even lower.Quixtar advertise all by consumers.Now, the company named Quixtar has become the world's largest e-commerce company, become the model of a huge success and courage of reform.【正3：】15’’

根据“柠檬理论”交易双方信息不对称，部分卖方进行欺诈行为，导致好产品和坏产品利润相当，好产品被挤出，形成次品市场，这种情况在电商时代尤为突出，制约电商的发展，对方辩友如何看待这个问题？

According to “Lemon theory”, information asymmetry leads to part of the sellers’ fraudulent conduct, resulting in acquiring the same profit no matter they are good products or not and finally shaping a Inferior Goods Market without good products.This problem becomes so serious in e-com age that restrict the development of e-com.What’s your opinion about this?

【反2：】30’’

任何事物的发展过程中，都伴随着缺点，金无足赤人无完人，相同条件下数码相机的照相效果不如胶片相机，但这本应该致命的缺点，却并没有阻止数码相机的风靡和胶片相机的衰落，完善电子商务立法，建立可信赖的第三方支付平台，建立合理的网络征信系统，足矣消除次品市场，完善电子商务。

Within the development of anything, shortcomings are unavoidable.Every bean has its black.Under the same condition, the digital camera is not as effective as film camera, which should be a fatal defect but actually do no harm to the popularization of the digital camera or the fading of the film camera.To eliminate the influence of the Inferior Goods Market and perfect e-com, we can perfect the legislation for electronic commerce;establish a reliable third-party platform and a reasonable network credit reporting system.【反3：】15’’

传统行业不会被电子商务取代，那又如何解释传统图书行业在网上书城面前溃不成军？

Since you not think traditional commerce will be replaced by e-com, so how can you explain that the traditional book industry is completely routed by the online bookstore? 【正1：】30’’

诚然，电子商务有着传统商务无可比拟的优势,如可以增加销售机会、减少交易成本、24 小时运作、开拓全球性市场等等,但就此认为电子商务将完全取代传统商务是不对的。如今的网上出城也纷纷陷入杀价**，便宜的优势大不如前，而转型后的书店，以更雅致更富文学底蕴的消费享受，依然有很多人愿意光顾，由此可见，传统商务依旧坚挺。

Admittedly, compared with the traditional business,e-commerce has its incomparable advantages, such as it can increase sales,gain more profits,cut transactional cost, and explore the global market, and so on.But just based on these advantages provided by e-business,we can’t assume that e-com will completely replace the traditional business.Nowadays, online bookstores also trapped into the bargain storm and its price advantage has been weaken.However,some entity bookstore has completed its transformation by creating an elegant and comfortable atmosphere for the readers,such as “eslite” bookstore in Taibei(诚品书店).So it is clearly that traditional commerce is still strong and has great protential to develop and fight against e-commerce.【反3：】15’’

正方辩友认为体验购物是传统商务重要的支持点，但现今科技发展的速度越来越快，在可预见的将来，全新技术将带来的全新消费体验，过去不可触，不可见，不可测 等问题，都可能不再是问题，传统行业还有存在的意义吗？

【正2：】30’’

大家都知道SNS的崛起，从SNS的爆发式发展可以看到，现在的网络是人与人的网络，而非人与信息的网络，再真实的虚拟体验，也不能代替真是的人间交流。

另外，技术不能代表一切，谷歌技术远超百度，但还是输给了百度，因为技术再高也改变不了消费习惯，网上的体验在好，也改变不了千百年实体消费的“习惯”，电子商务只能作为传统商务的补充。

We all know the rise of SNS.From the explosive development of SNS we can see that nowadays’ network is a human-to-human network, rather than a man-to-information network.No matter how real the virtual experience is, it can't take the place of the true communication.In addition, Technology isn't everything.Google’s tech is much better than Baidu, but Google still lose to Baidu.The reason can be high tech cannot change the spending habits.E-com is only the supplement of traditional commerce.【反3：】15’’

电子商务的弊病可以通过技术革新，法制完善和加强服务来解决，然而传统行业的弊病却不能再有寸进，唯有电子商务对传统商务的替换，才能从根本上提高效率，降低成本，传统行业如何求得生存？

【正4：】30’’

传统商务本身或许的确没有太多的发展空间，但是电子商务的出现恰恰弥补了这个缺陷，正如我方一辩在立论中提到的，电子商务的出现，事实上，非但没有完全排挤传统商务，而是促进了传统商务各环节的优化，让传统商务得到新的发展。电子商务使得传统商务的信息对称性得到提高，得到精确信息的消费者，更放心大胆的消费。因此电子商务在短期内完全取代传统模式是不可能的，目前它只是传统商务的补充和延伸。

The traditional business itself may do not too much space for development.But the emergence of electronic business just makes up for the defect.As our NO.1 debater mentioned in the Argues stage, the emergence of electronic business, in fact, didn’t completely exclude the traditional business, but promote the traditional business in each section of optimization, letting the traditional business get new development.E-commerce enabled the traditional business information symmetry improve, so that consumers, having got precise information, become more brave of consumption.So the electronic commerce completely replace the traditional mode in the short term is impossible, at present it is traditional business complement and extension.质辩小结：

【正3：】2’

目前电子商务的迅猛发展毋庸置疑，但电子商务的缺陷也非常明显，而同时，预期将亏损的传统商务，却得到电子商务的补充，蓬勃出新的生机。在3C领域，京东、易购、库巴每年的营业额增速都成倍的增长，但与此同时近几年国美、大中、鼎好、e世界等线下实体 商场销售额也实现了大幅的增长。

技术革命的确可以让电子商务越来越完善，但趋于完美的电子商务也是几十年甚至更久的将来，而千百年流传的购物习惯已经深植人们的生活之中。

传统行业也没有坐以待毙，华丽地转身之后，传统商务以更人性化的服务吸引了更多的消费者，电子商务完全取代传统商务是不可能的。

At present, there is no doubt about the rapid development of electronic commerce.But the defects of the electronic commerce are also very obvious.But at the same time, the traditional business that is expected to loss, however, gets the electronic commerce for supplement, and vigorous out new vitality.In the 3 C field, Jingdong, Yigou, KuBa double the annual turnover growth, but at the same time, Gome, Dazhong, Dinghao, e-world offline store sales entity also realize sharp growth in recent years.The technology revolution can really make the electronic commerce more perfect, but tend to perfect needs decades or more years.And through the ages, the shopping habits have deeply turned into people's life.The traditional industry isn’t waiting to die.After the transformation, the traditional business with more human services attracts more customers.That electronic commerce completely replace the traditional business is not possible.【反3：】2’

传统行业的在电子商务的作用下补完确有其事，但电子商务不会停下步伐，传统商务的局限性太明显，而电子商务广阔的发展空间还有待被开发利用，现阶段的电子商务还是不完善的电子商务，但从捷星公司的成功不难看出电子商务的美好前景。

直销大家都听说过，安利和雅芳的成功可以看出直销削减中间商的优势所在，电子商务将这种优势发挥到极致，无障碍无成本的直接沟通消费者和生产者，是电子商务对传统商务最大的挑战，目前看来，电子商务是成功的，成本的降低和便捷的交易过程，都是传统商务不可企及的，电子商务需要的只是时间去完善，取代传统商务指日可待。

四． 自由辩论 五． 总结陈词 【反3：】3’

新陈代谢是自然最根本的法则，哺乳动物取代消逝的恐龙，数码相机取代了古老的胶卷相机，DVD取代了曾经的VCD，电子商务也正逐步取代传统行业的方方面面。

电子商务与传统的商务活动方式相比，它将交易虚拟化，通过Internet为代表的计算机互联网络进行的贸易，整个交易都在网络这个虚拟的环境中进行，使得买卖双方的交易成本大大降低，无需传统宣传，实现“无纸贸易”“无纸办公”，同时，也使交易效率提高，极大地缩短了交易时间。交易的过程也愈加透明化，通畅、快捷的信息传输可以保证各种信息之间互相核对，可以防止伪造信息的流通。

电子商务利用数字化和信息化，打造出一个全新的电子世界。虽然现在的电子商务还不是很完善，信息化的推进也困难重重，但潮流所向，时代所趋，电子商务的繁荣指日可待。通过推进技术，完善法制，加强诚信，电子商务的发展不可预期。我方坚定地相信：电子商务一定可以取代传统商务。

Metabolism is the most fundamental rule in nature,mammals finally replaced the dinosaurs, digital cameras have already replaced the traditional cameras, DVD replaced the former VCD, so e-commerce inevitably replace all aspects of the traditional industries.Compared to traditional business, e-commerce has visualized the whole trading process through the Internet.Because of this, buyers and sellers can achieve the goals of “paperless trading” and “paperless office" to lower transactional costs.Meanwhile,it is also helpful to enhance the efficiency and shorten the transactional time significantly.Moreover,the transparency(透明化)of whole transaction process makes the information-checking process more smooth and efficient,and you can effectively prevent the circulation of false information.E-commerce has created a new electronic world by using digital and informational technology.E-commerce now is not perfect, but with the development of technology and improvement of legal system,the trend of e-commerce boom is just around the corner.So we firmly believe that: e-commerce will be able to replace the traditional business.【正4：】3’

传统商务虽有瓶颈，电子商务也有陷阱，不久前大批倒闭的网购企业，让狂热的投资人们瞬间清醒，电子商务运行的环境还不够成熟，其本身也具有诸多问题。电子商务不能够独立的承担市场的各个方面。而与此同时的，传统商务却发现了可以将电子商务融合进来，以达到提升传统商务模式的目的，迎来了传统商务的 又一个春天。

传统商务也有电子商务无法具有的优势,如与顾客面对面的交流、购物时的亲身经历、对商品的亲自查验、选购后立即使用的便利等,且对于一些价值很低的日用品而言,在门口的便利店购买显然要比网上方便得多。

作为消费者，亲自逛街购物的第一手感官享受，是电子商务所不能给予的。眼见为实的购物信任感也是电子商务所欠缺的。俗话说：跑得了和尚跑不了庙，消费者更倾向于传统商务模式的踏实感。

综合起来，我方认为,现实世界的传统商务不可能被虚拟世界的电子商务完全代替,而合理的情况应该是二者以互补的状态出现。

At present, traditional commerce is going through its “bottleneck” period, and not long ago, a large number of e-commerce businesses bankrupted,which gives the investors a big shock and makes them more rational(理性).So it is still not mature enough for the thorough replacement of traditional commerce,and e-commerce itself also has a lot of problems to be solved.On the contrary, if we blend the e-commerce into the traditional business and combine them together, we can construct the business model at a optimism level.Traditional commerce has its unique advantage, such as buyers can communication with customers face to face.Shopping itself provides customers with personal experience, and they can check and make sure of the good quality by themselves.Additionally,customers can require the goods or services immediately,as opposed to be waiting for the delivery.for instance,it’s more convenient to buy commodity in the convenient store near their neighbourhood.So because of its personal shopping experience and its first-hand shopping senses,consumers are preferred to go shopping in physical store,as opposed to shopping online.All in all,the traditional commerce can not be completely replaced by e-com,and being the state of co-existence is relatively reasonable,for their combination and better development.

第二篇：东电专业英语

1Couplings弹簧

联轴器，Clutches离合器 shafts轴and springs①A coupling is a device for connecting the ends……worn parts are replaced

联轴器是用来连接相毗连轴的设备。在机器结构中，联轴器被用做在两毗连轴间产生暂时性的连接。永久性的连接在某种意义上并不意味着在机器的有效寿命之间被破坏，但是在紧急的情况或当坏件被取代时可以破坏和复原。②electric motor and a qearbox电机和齿轮箱 ③rotational inertia转动惯量

The rotor(rotating member)in an electric motor电动机中的转子（旋转单位）具有转动惯量，并且当电机……is started 启动时需要一个使之加速的扭矩 ④burn out烧坏 ⑤mount安装固定 ⑥be subjected to受到

⑦coupletely reversed stresses周期性的交变应力

Although most spring are mechanical大多数弹簧是机械的并且它们是从金属的固有塑性中获……are also obtainable 得功效的，液压弹簧和空气弹簧也是这样。

Springs shipment

are used for a variety……instruments during 弹簧有很多用处，如：为钟和表提供动力，交通工具的减震，称重，约束机床构件，减轻从不平衡的运转机床到支撑结构的周期性干扰力的传递，并且能提供精密仪器的运输时的震动保护

3Machine Tool Frames①The frame is a machine机座’s……

govern material choice

机座是一台机器的主要零件。大多数的机座是由铸铁，焊接钢，复合材料或水泥制成的。下列因素决定了材料的选择

②The material must resist deformation……or permanently deforming

材料必须能够抵抗变形和断裂。硬度和弹性必须均衡。材料必须在承受载荷作用下抵抗冲击，弯曲而不发生撕裂或永久性变形

③The frame material must……and lubricants

机座材料必须减少或阻碍震动传递以降低精度等级和刀具寿命的波动。机座材料必须能承受不良的车间环境，包括新的冷却剂和润滑剂

④Material expansion must be……the machine

为了最小化运动滑移所需的力，必须要了解材料的膨胀。材料一定不能产生太多的热量，必须在生命周期中保持自身形状，而且必须要足够致密来保证在机器中传递力 blockcoolant阻碍with stand冷却液 expansion承受 minwith膨胀

shocksdense滑移使…减到最小absub质密 ⑤welds also block vibration承担

……steel frame 焊接点也能帮助阻碍钢质机座中震动传递

⑥Foundations ensure the……secondany considerations 机座能保证机床刚度，第二保证缓冲和隔离 ⑦shock absorption减震 Foundation4Threaded Fasteners地基

①Threaded fasteners perform the螺纹连接件……

application at hand 螺纹紧固件具有定位，夹紧，调整，和从机器的某一部分传递动力到另一个部分的功能。它们是属于标准件和为大规模产品机器而设计的/用螺纹紧固仍然是主要的装配方式，在设计 和制造机器中，尽管用其他方法联接更好一些。因此设计者要选择最接近我们需要的标准类型和长度 ②screwdriver螺丝刀

③Unified standard thread is……disassembly is required 统一的标准螺纹有三种基本的一系列直经－螺距组合。统一标准粗牙螺纹系列是最普通的，主要用于振动不大和经常拆卸的通用装配装置 UNC④The 统一标准粗牙螺纹fine-Thread series

(UNF)is some what……very fine adjustments

统一标准细牙螺纹系列具有更高的抗拉强度，更适用于精密调整的场合，这些系列常用于航天装配上。超细牙螺纹系列被用在薄壁件上的外螺纹的配合上。这个系列更抗振动并且能够实现非常细微的调整

UNFUNEF统一标准细牙螺纹UNC统一标准粗牙螺纹 Fine adjustable统一标准超细牙螺纹 hand精密调整 Washers are often used with with threaded旋向

action

……through spring 垫圈通常与螺纹紧固件配合使用来为螺母和螺栓提供更好的支撑面，在大的孔和缝隙上提供一个支撑面，以便在大面积上分布载荷来防止装配时的损坏，改进扭矩拉伸比例（通过减少摩擦力），并且通过弹簧作用提供自锁

5Turbine Engine Bearing for Ultra-High Temperatures高温涡轮机轴承

超①The advanced gas turbine engines……650℃are predicted 下世纪早期用来为飞行器提供动力的先进的涡轮机已经处于设计阶段。这些发动机将会是非常高效的，在许多情况下它可以使飞行器的速度达到3马赫以上。这种发动机主轴的工作条件是非常苛刻的。轴的转速将超过30000r/min高。

而且轴承的工作温度也比曾经预测的650℃要②In applications where tively long……application is 500℃ 相对使用寿命长的轴承在应用中也是有要求的，目前对于钢制的液体润滑轴承的工作温度极限是200℃；对于短使用寿命轴承的应用有可能达到450℃，即使使用最先进的液体润滑剂和金属合金，在有限的寿命极限情况下所能达到的最高温度是500℃.③（重点句子）A group of materials which appears promising高性能陶瓷是看起来有希望作为超高温轴承的一种材料。……silicon nitride(Si3N4)。

在1100℃以上时这些陶瓷比普通的轴承钢有更高的硬度。在过去的十几年间，陶瓷材料已经用来替代那些在高速、高温下转动的轴承(Si3N4)。

high performance—高性能appears—看起来

④Silicon nitride is desirable because……there is adequate lubrication.Si3N4（氮化硅）是理想材料，因为它在高温下有足够的强度和硬度，在强度与重量方面的优点和当有足够的润滑油时卓越的抵抗滚动接触疲劳强度。

⑤The lubrication system considered solely of a film of solid lubricant.润滑系统是由一系列单独的固体润滑组成的。（a film of---系列）

⑥It is worth noting that……advanced bearing steels缩写(limits are equal to those)

值得指出的是，温度对于最先进的合成润滑剂的限制几乎相当于对这些最先进轴承钢的限制

⑦If liquid lubricants cannot ……heat and wear

如果液体润滑剂不能用，然后某种形式的边界润滑是必要的，以尽量减少摩擦热和磨损

⑧At temperatures in excess of those……elements are used缩写（compounds are used）

在温度超过了液体润滑剂所允许的温度，含有氧化物，硫化物和氟化物的各种化学元素的高温，稳定坚实的化合物会被利用

⑨For bearing operation at……disulphide are being considered缩写(lubricants are being considered)在超高温（高于550度）下运行的轴承，固体润滑剂被认为有比石墨和二硫化钼更好的热稳定性

It componentsis imperative that the development……the various 当务之急是复杂摩擦学系统的发展。例如，对一个高温固缩写(development is conducted)

体润滑的陶瓷轴承，是对它进行各个组成部分的单独摩擦学关系进行充分了解 6 Engineering Graphics①Engineering graphics is a cornerstone of工程图学

…and construction processes

工程图学是一项工程的基础。工程的本质就是设计——需要在这个设计中把图学作为交流工具。图学服务是设计、制造和结构步骤的共同线索

②study of the fundamentals of……the engineering profession

学习工程图学的基本原理是你能作为工程师的关键，能够用草图描绘出一种思想是工程专业的先决条件

③The ability to put forth……is a valuable缩写(The ability is asset)

这种以提供三维几何形体来和其他的工程师，科学家，专业和非专业技术人员交流的能力，是一种有价值的能力 put forth④Of equal importance is提出

……prepared by others

同样重要的是知道如何去读和理解其他人员所画的图纸 ⑤The requirement for the……the design process

二十一世纪对工程师的要求包括对图学原理的充分理解运用实践图形学去支撑整个设计过程 7 Working Drawings①Working drawings 工程图are the

drawings……of working drawings 工程图是一种用于实施设计的图纸，所有正投影的规则和

制图学的技术可以用来沟通工作图上某个工程的细节。一个零件图是在一套施工图中反映单一部分（或细节）的工作图

②Specifications are the written instructions that accompany working drawings

技术要求是伴随工作图的书面指示

③Working drawings are legal contracts……design stages 工程图是为工程师提供设计细节和技术要求文件指导的法律合同。因此工程图必须清晰，精确，和尽可能的完备。一个工程的修订和修改在生产和建设过程中实施比在最初的设计阶段要昂贵的多

④The millimeter is the basic……units are metric

毫米是公制体制的基本单。示数后面的公制的缩写是标准上的省略，因为在标题块附近的国际体系符号表明，所有单位都是公制的 title block8Engineering Design 标题栏

①As engineers we are………工程设计.all relevant factors

作为工程师，我们被授予权力用技术专长来开发新的（产品）和改进的产品以及系统，但是与此同时，我们必须越来越认识到一般而言我们的行动对社会和环境影响，以及尽职尽责的工作直到考虑所有相关因素的最好的解决办法

in general in view of 一般而言②Design is 鉴于，考虑到，由

the culmination ……….看来..engineering

form other professions

设计是工程学教育过程的顶点，这是工程学与其它行业区别的明显特点

Salient feature ③ABET 工程技术鉴定委员会显著的特征④CD-ROM 光盘只读存储器 ⑤trade journal 行业杂志

⑥more specifically 更准确的说，更具体的说 ASCE IEEI 美国土木工程师协会 take a glimpse at 电器电子工程师协会 9Engineering 系数

Design 看到

and safety Factors工程设计和安全①deal with符合 ②fail失效

③Designs that can not……exist are only concepts that缩写（Designs are concepts）

④Even in the early design cycle，It is…….Materials are the reality in a design

即使在最初的设计期间，知道一些可能用到的材料是很有帮助的。如果有些材料没有发明出来，那些需要这种材料特性的设计就永远也无法实现了。所以制造之前，必须根据设计需求写明材料的技术说明。如果所需材料的特性不存在，或者必须要等到新材料设计或制造出以后才能开工的话，再设计模拟中就必须更改对材料特性的要求。在设计过程中，材料必须是现实存在的。

⑤Obviously a design that would put a material……of time would be unsafe

显然在设计过程中，使材料长时间处于临时极限拉应力的状态下是不安全的 ⑥in addition to除了

⑦take a ghnvpse at看看 看到 10①．For most of history Mechanical Design 历史上大多数时期机械设计

②interface with 使通过……连接 ③be reduced to归结为Product Liability Prevention①Eventually, a full scale,fully 产品责任保护functional……

.it was not mass-produced..最终，一个全面的，全功能的具有终产品所有特征的模型将被开发出来。它与真正产品的唯一区别是它不是大规模生产的。bearing ②The model is used for提供

……..meet all design criteria.原型用于发展和评估测试，现在设计师可以决定生产如果产品最终可以满足所有的设计准则

③A product should never…….it is designed to

一个产品不能用目视或者口头描述来作为工作性能而不是按它的设计目的 visually ④It is critical that a clear目视

……and expressed by the company 至关重要的是关注对消费者的安全始终被记录并被公司明确表达Grinding Machines ①Grinding is a chip-making磨床……

easily seen and identified 磨削是一个产生切屑的金属切削过程，磨削后每一点和车削、铣削都差不多。除了加工在微观水平上的金属屑太小了而不能被看见或识别外

②Another basic difference…..or some other device

另一个在磨削和大规模的车削或铣削不同的区别是磨削工具是不规则形状的磨粒，并且由夹具确定方向，它可能是一个砂轮、磨石或者其它的磨削装置 cousins ③CNC计算机数字控制车削，铣削

④Properly applied,creep feed……cut overall….surface finish quality

适当地应用缓进给磨削能使整个机器周期减少到50%，并且没有尺寸误差，几何精度，表面光洁质量的损失 cut surface finish quality 减少

⑤You are somewhat more表面光洁质量…..and relatively easy to sort out

你可能认为以高分子聚合物或水泥混凝土为基底的磨床比加工中心或车床更平稳，但是，大体上提出相似结构的选择更容易的分类Lathes ①Engine Lathes 车床

普通车床

Engine lathes, of course普通车床，当然是被世界各处的工厂广泛应用于生产和维……stops for the carriage

护。车床的规格，从最小的台式车床到巨大重型组装设备。许多装配的附属装置的大型车床在普通工厂中并不常见。例如，溜板的自动停车装置。shop②Tracer or Duplicating Lathes 工厂，车间

靠模车床或仿形车床

The tracer or duplicating lathe is靠磨车床或仿形车床的设计用来自动地生产不规则形状……..using this type of lathe 部件。这样车床的基本构成如下：一个任意平面的磨板或者加紧装置中放置的三维形状，一个导向器或指向器，沿着这个形状移动，他的运动轨迹控制着切削刀具。仿形装置可能包括一个直角或锥形台，凹槽，锥形，和外形轮廓。像这样的工件：原动轴，细轴，活塞，鞭苔，车轴，汽轮机，和工种各样的其他零件都可能用这种类型的车床生产出来。

③Vertical Turret Lathes立式转塔车床 A vertical turret lathe is立式转塔车床基本上是转塔车床，他被立在主轴箱的底…….use of stops.部，用来执行各样的旋转加工，包括一个转塔一个旋转工作台。一个侧刀架，包含一个四角刀架，为了固定额外刀具。运动的执行通过装配在六角刀架和侧刀架的任意刀具进行的。可以通过止动机构控制 ④Machining Centers 加工中心

Many of today现今的许多复杂车床都可以叫做加工中心，因为它们有完’s more…..of their machines

成任务的能力。除了普通的旋转操作，还有铣削和钻削功能。基本上，一个加工中心可以认为是转塔车床和铣床的结合，优势附加的功能需要制造商增加车床的多样性才能达到

15Motors and Drivers

①All of the mechanisms will require…….is the logical choice

所有的机械装置都需要一些种类的驱动装置来提供输入运行和能量有许多种可能；如果设计需要一个持续旋转输入轨迹，像滑块曲柄和凸轮，那么电动机就是一个必然的选择Electric Drives①These mechatronic companents will be电传动

…….almost entirely in software

这些机电一体化的成分将会是将来易操纵类型工厂的组成部件。尽可能的是大多数生产线在作业程序完全转变 building blockPID17 Machine Toll Motors比例积分微分构件，组成部件，标准部件

①All electric motors use 机床电机the……

rotor is constantly drawn around

所有的电动机的工作原理都是同级排斥和异级相吸。通过线圈或永久磁铁的电流产生了磁场。电动机通过转换电机内部磁场来传递扭矩，这样转轴就可以持续转动了 rotor 18 Machining 转子

①Thus many types of机床

….time and expense

这样很多种类的锻件和其它一些零件用砂轮可轻松完成而且节省时间和成本 forgings ②In some cases, tolerances锻件

……using but one cut

在某些情况下，公差在±0.05mm之间的连续生产，使用一次切削成形

but noe cut ③in terms of 一次切削成形根据④strive for致力于 ⑤has long since早就 ⑥lot size批量

⑦set up 装夹，安装

⑧pitch diameter螺纹中径 19Numerical Control ①Numerical Control（数控NC）数控

DFM 21Hard-Part Machining with Ceramic Inserts面向制造的设计

硬态切削

陶瓷刀片的①The first high-volume application….the hub diameter

硬态切削的首次大批量应用是端面车削滑移齿轮变速箱和精车车轮轮毂直径 finish turning ②Therefore, the machined surface will be精车

……of the machine 因此，加工表面和机床主轴、机床纵向相关的中心线一样精确

③Disposal of chips during HPM……fine……easy disposal 硬态切削过程的切屑没有产生任何问题。收集在托盘中的切屑具有干燥，易碎等特性，这些切屑被分解成细的粉末，并且很容易被压紧成安全，易处理的微小体积 finehard-part machining(HPM)细

22Nontraditional 硬态切削

工工艺

Manufacturing Processes非传统制造加①The reason there are such….is the same reason there are缩写：…..conventional processes Reason is reason

大量非传统工艺与大量传统工艺存在的原因是相同的道理

25Quality in Manufacturing①Supplier development guidelines 制造质量

were……the largest consumer

建立供应发展准则是每一个部门负责调查最大消费的供应商

②This provides a mechanism for……..other division’s systems

这为部门与部门之间采纳强有力的观点来交换质量提供了一种机制。并且是它们成为其它分配系统的一部分 takingASQC 采纳

26Quality in the modern Business Environment联合弹簧质量委员会

环境中的质量

现代商业①All business organizations use…..action……actual and budget

所有商业组织使用财政控制。这些财政控制包括实际与预算成本的比较、在实际与预算成本间进行差别与变化的相关分析和对区别或变化的作用 actionthe extent to 计算

在…..程度上

第三篇：英文辩论稿

Is Military Training Necessary Now?

There is no denying the fact that it has been a hotly debated topic whether students should attend military training in China in the past years.Opinions on this issue differ sharply.Pro：

I believe that military training is a must for today’s spoiled youth.First of all, it makes them more likely to persist instead of escaping in face of hardships.Second, the self-discipline and teamwork spirit students develop are invisibly valuable wealth for their future.third, it provides a good chance for students to learn more on military and broaden their horizons.Forth,it can nurture students’ sense of unity and discipline and foster students’ patriotism as well.Fifth,military training as a good chance for students coming from different cities to know and help each other, which will help them ease the feeling of homesickness.Con:

I maintain that it is not and should be canceled.First of all, it is a waste of time because what the students learn from it is of no use to their real life.Second, the training seems ineffective since most students resume their idling lifestyles at the end of the training.Third,a short period of training as students are having now cannot work well in building up their bodies or strengthen their will.Instead, they should lay emphasis on their daily exercise and activities for such purpose.Forth,a sudden increase of intense physical exercise, especially during summer, does harm to students’ health and may even cause deaths.What happened in the past years has proved this.Fifth, student also worry about the safety due to the increasing cases of students who got injured or died in it.

第四篇：英文辩论稿

Topic: Role: 1st debater

1.Constructive speech: Supporting argument 1: First of all, there is rare true love existing on campus.According to the year 2005’s Education Blue Book released by China Social Science Academy, about 88.8% of college students regarded campus love was a physical need.It other words, true love on campus is as precious as panda.For many students, either in love or still seeking for love, their main motivation and aim is to avoid boredom and add color to college life.Everyday they go to classes, rush to the dining hall, and drag their feet to dormitories.Then one day they realized how boring and uninteresting their life is and it is necessary to find company.So they start their seeking.When they finally grab someone as their lovers, even themselves don’t know what they truly like is the person or the feeling of falling in love.Supporting argument 2: Second, college students are not psychologically mature enough to afford love.Tragic events, such as suicides, murders, violent acts from unrequited love are not unfamiliar to people.Though someone may say these kinds of things rarely happen, it is true that tragedies exist.And once any of them happens, sorrow, harm, and bad influence are not only brought to parents or relatives but also the whole school even the whole society.College students are late adolescents, esp.freshmen and sophomores.They are easily get irritated and desperate, sometimes even can’t help to go to the extreme.If something out of expect happened in their romantic relationships, for instance, break-up, they may do something really harmful.Supporting argument 3: Last but not least, college students are not able to take the responsibility of love.Love is not a beautiful rose one can enjoy, but also a fragile vase one needs to take care of and be responsible for.Responsibility means much.For example, when sweethearts get hurt, comfort and a reliable shoulder should be provided;when lovers get bad mood, jokes and a smiling face should show up;when companies get involved in troubles, encouragement and helpful advices should be given.But since college students are still not mature enough, sometimes the methods they handle problems are not quite proper and useful.How can they afford the responsibility of taking another person while themselves need to be looked after? Supporting argument 4 In conclusion, Campus love should not be encouraged because true love is rare, and college students are not psychologically mature or able to hold the responsibility of love.I’ll now quote a famous saying as an example to clarify my stand, “As a member in the transfer crowd, there’s no doubt that we college student should lay emphasis on study, including all-round study of professional knowledge, communication art，全国注册建筑师、建造师考试备考资料历年真题考试心得模拟试题

self-planning, rational thinking and so forth.While it is right such character that provides young college students with a fundamental standard for life—always work at the useful and vital things, and be a realistic person.These students are not independent in economic, not mature in personality and not perfect mentally yet.”

2.Questions for opponents: 1)Now that you suggest that students should love in college campus, do you have girlfriend or boyfriend? 2)Can lovers still live together after they graduating from college? 3)In your opinion, can most of boys find their princess in HIT? 3.Predicted Questions from opponents 1)Do you have admired some isomerism? 2)Do you feel lonely when you study out of your town? 3)If you are a girl, can you resist of sweet words from so many rich or handsome boys in HIT?

1。建设性的演讲： 支护参数1： 首先，有罕见的真正的爱在校园。根据2005教育蓝皮书由中国社会科学院，大约88.8%的大学生认为校园爱情是一个身体的需要。也就是，真正的校园爱情是珍贵的大熊猫。许多学生，无论是在爱情或仍在寻找爱，他们的主要动机和目的是避免厌倦和添加颜色到大学生活。他们每天去上课，冲向食堂和宿舍，拖着脚。后来有一天，他们意识到他们的生活是枯燥和乏味，有必要找到公司。所以他们开始了他们的寻找。当他们终于抓住别人为自己的恋人，即使他们自己不知道他们真正喜欢的是人或恋爱的感觉。支护参数2：

其次，大学生是不成熟的心理素质提供足够的爱。悲惨的事件，如自杀，谋杀，暴力行为的单恋都不会陌生的人。尽管有人说这种事情很少发生，这真是悲剧。一旦他们的任何事，悲伤，危害和不良影响，不仅把父母或亲戚也是整个学校乃至整个社会。大学生是后期的青少年，特别是新生和二年级学生。他们很容易生气和绝望，有时甚至不能帮助走向极端。如果不希望发生的浪漫关系，例如，分手，他们可以做一些真正有害。支护参数3：

最后但并非最不重要，大学生是不能够承担爱的责任。爱是美丽的玫瑰，你可以享受，也是一个易碎的花瓶需要照料，负责。责任是指多。例如，当情侣受伤，舒适和可靠的肩膀应该提供；当爱好者得到坏心情，笑话和笑脸应该出现；当公司卷入麻烦，鼓励和有益的建议，应给予。但由于大学生还不够成熟，有时他们处理问题的方法是不适当的和有用的。他们怎么能负担得起的责任，以另一人在自己的需要照顾？ 支护参数4 总之，校园爱情不应该鼓励，因为真正的爱是罕见的，和大学生心理上不成熟或能够保持爱的责任。我现在要引用一句说作为一个例子来阐明我的立场，作为一个成员在转让的人群，但毫无疑问，我们大学生应该注重研究，包括全面研究的专业知识，沟通技巧，自我规划，理性思维等等。虽然对这样的角色，提供高校青年学生的基本标准life-always工作的有用和重要的事情，并成为一个现实的人。这些学生没有经济独立，不成熟的人格和精神上还不完善。”

2。问题的对手：

1）既然你认为学生应该在大学校园，你有女朋友或男朋友吗？ 2）生活在一起后，他们仍然可以从大学毕业？ 3）在您看来，最能找到公主男孩打？ 3。预测从对手的问题 1）你有一些异构羡慕？

2）你感到孤独时，你的研究指出你的城市？ 3）如果你是一个女孩，你能抵御甜言蜜语很多有钱或英俊的男孩在打吗？ LOVE right?wrong? In modern times,love is a popular topic,espacially in our fleshmen.But is it right or wrong on earth? When we get in a university,we can see many loves here and there.Some people say that it is a good thing but others think it is a bad thing.In my opinion,love is very strange.It can make you more strong and happy if you can deal with it in a suitable way.On the other hand,if you get struct,you many lost a lot.We should see love as a sord with two sides.we must strongth our study ability at first.Then we can think about love.At last,I hope everone can have a good love.

第五篇：英文辩论稿

Dear teachers , students and friends of the other debates: Good afternoon!I am liu Chang ,the third debater from the negative side.Please let me reiterate(英[riː'ɪtəreɪt])our point of the view again: a person‟s fate depends on the environment.Obviously, friends of the other debates made the mistake of idealism(英[aɪ'dɪəlɪz(ə)m;-'diːə-]).Above all, we should know what is fate.According to “modern Chinese dictionary”，fate usually refers to the life experiences of the overall situation.It is the sum of the “process” of life activities.“Depends on” refers to something that plays a leading role.Environment includes natural and social environment.We havethe following reasons: Firstly, people have been born in a particular social environment, which has decided the foundation and development trend of personal destiny.During the “Cultural revolution”, everyone was arranged to go to the countryside.This is the best proof.Secondly, a man should constantly understand and contact with the external environment.We all need to integrate(英['ɪntɪgreɪt])into the external environment.The fate of individuals is determined by the environment.Thirdly, a personal choice must follow the laws of the environment.The laws are inviolable(英[ɪn'vaɪələb(ə)l]).Personal development must conform to the laws.Objective realitycan„t be transferred by a person‟s awareness.As the saying goes, “Man proposes(prəˈpōz), God disposes” we are not living as ”free men." Because we have to adapt to the environment.We choose to adapt to the laws of social and natural development.In conclusion, I emphasize our point once again: a person‟s fate depends on the environment.That‟s all.Thanks for listening.(1)Dear friends of the other debates, is each of us living in family environment, school environment, work environment, national environment? Please answers YES OR NO? OK, you have acknowledged that society provides us with many conditions.then the second question, are We living in isolation? OK, we are not living in isolation totally.We all need to integrate into the external environment This has proved our point of view(2).If the personal fate of individuals to grasp, it is not everyone can become a doctor by trying to do? 尊重规律

(3)Will the other Friends of debate, a decade during the Cultural Revolution, intellectuals who were assigned the mountains or the countryside and how to control their own destiny and avoid a mountain or down the village?