英语专转本近义词辨析

第一篇：英语专转本近义词辨析

老聂的近义词辨析

1.abandon desert discard quit

abandon: 放弃，丢弃，抛弃。指因为外界的压力或影响完全放弃，因迫不得已而放弃，如: abandon obligation 放弃任务。

desert: 抛弃，舍弃，指某人或某物在困境中“被抛弃”。如: desert the baby after giving birth 生下婴儿后将其抛弃。

discard: 丢弃，抛弃（老朋友或旧物）。如:discard one’s old friends 抛弃老朋友。

quit: 离开，退出，突然放弃。指主动放弃或离开。如: quit one’s job 辞职。

2.abolish cancel remove eliminate

abolish: 废除，强调对法律或旧习惯的废除。如: abolish slavery 废除奴隶制。

cancel: 取消，强调对原定的会议、计划、安排等取消。如: cancel the meeting 取消会议。

remove: 出去，撤去。强调位置的移动或从远处消失。如: remove the stain from clothes 清除衣服上的污渍。

eliminate: 除去，剔除，淘汰。强调使彻底消失。如: eliminate sb.From competition 把某人淘汰出局，eliminate poverty 消除贫困

3.abuse curse condemn criticize abuse: 谩骂，辱骂；滥用，虐待。指出口恶言骂人。curse: 诅咒，咒骂。表示愤怒或嫉恨。

condemn: 谴责，强调由于不良行为或过失而受到强烈谴责。用于正式、严肃的场合。

criticize: 批评某人，强调指出某人的错误或不足之处。

4.accelerate speed hasten quicken

accelerate: 加速，既可指使物体加快速度运动，也可指使事情进程加快。如：accelerate the economic growth 加快经济增长的速度。speed: 加速，指事物快速运动。hasten: 赶快，催促。指急忙地做某事。

quicken: 加快。指富有生机地将动作在更短的时间内完成。

5.accumulate assemble collect gather

accumulate: 积累，积聚。指有规则地、逐渐地=不断地大量积聚（知识、财物等）。如：accumulate wealth 积聚财富。

collect: 收集，指有选择地为了爱好而收集。如：collect coins 收集硬币。

gather: 聚集，集合。指将分散的人或东西集结到一起。如：gather flowers 采集花朵。

6.accuse charge scold blame

accuse: 指控，指责。当面指控或指责，不一定诉诸法律。搭配为：accuse sb.of doing sth.。

charge: 控告，控诉，因犯较大错误或重大罪行进行法律控诉。搭配为：charge sb.with sth.。

scold:（愤怒地）责骂，训斥，谩骂。搭配为：scold sb.for sth.。blame: 责备，指责，责怪。搭配为：blame sb.for sth.或blame sth.on sb.。

7.achieve accomplish complete finish

achieve:

达成，完成。指借努力而获得一定成就。accomplish: 完成，指成功地完成了任务或目标。complete: 完成，指圆满地完成了一项工程或作品等。finish: 完成，指“结束，使完结”，尤指日常事情的完成。

8.acknowledge admit confess recognize

acknowledge: 承认，指“公开承认”事情的真实性，常用于过去隐瞒或否认之事。

admit: 承认，指在外界压力、证据下不得不承认，含有“不情愿”之意。confess: 坦白，供认，忏悔。指带有严肃色彩地承认过错或罪恶，含有“忏悔、坦白”之意。

recognize: 承认，认出。正式用词，指“承认••••••的合法性、真实性”等。

9.acquire attain gain obtain

acquire: 获得，习得。指持续地、慢慢地获得，多用于通过学习而获得知识、技能、语言等。

attain: 获得，达到。指经过相当长的时间或很大努力而得到期望已久的东西。

gain: 赢得，指通过相当的努力或拼搏得到有价值的东西。

obtain: 获得，得到。指凭借努力或恳求得到急需的很想得到的东西。

10.adapt adjust regulate coordinate

adapt: 使适应，使适合。指修改或改变以适应新环境。搭配为：adapt to sth.如：adapt to the climate 适应气候。adjust: 调整，对准。指稍作调整以完全符合或适应，语气比adapt弱。搭配为：adjust to sth.如：adjust to the heat of his country 使适应这个国家的炎热天气。Adjust 后接具体事物时则表示“调节，调整”。如：adjust a camera 调相机。

regulate:调节，调整；以规章制度控制管理。指按所需规律进行调整从而使事物保持正常状态。如：regulate traffic 管理交通。coordinate: 协调，调节。强调使（各部分、肢体等）协调，或协调动作。如：coordinate the function of government 协调政府的作用。

11.advise persuade convince prevail

advise: 劝告，忠告，建议。可作及物动词或不及物动词 persuade:说服，劝服。具有“被说明”的意思。

convince: 使相信，说服。后跟介词of，或接that从句。指使某人相信或说服某人而产生共识。

Prevail: 劝导，引诱，劝说。指劝说某人去做某事，后接介词on或动词不定式短语。

12.alter convert transform shift

alter: 修改，变动。指局部的、表面的小变化。如：alter a suit 改动衣服的尺寸。convert: 使改变，转变。指从一种形式、用途等转变为另一种。如：convert forests into farmlands 把森林变成耕地。

transform: 使变形，使改观。指事物在形状上的变化。如：transform the society 改变社会。

shift: 强调位置、地点、方向上的变化。如：shift one’s position 改变立场。

13.announce declare proclaim claim

announce: 宣布，发布。强调第一次“宣布，公开声明”，指宣布公众期望或与众有关的事情，如书籍的出版，物品的发售，人的死亡、结婚、暴风雨和微机的来临等。

declare: 宣布，宣告。指正式，负责的“宣布、声明”战争、和平、中立、意见、结果等。

proclaim: 公布，声明。指权利机关或政府领导在公共或正式场合向广大群众宣布重大事件，如公布政策、法令、戒严、计划等。claim: 声称，主张，要求。指自称如何或提出某种要求。

14.anticipate expect hope awai

anticipate: 预料，期望。强调事先有准备的。指以恐惧或高兴的心情等待着所期望或猜想的事情发生。expect:预料，指望，期待。指有一定根据地盼望某事会发生或某人回来。

hope:希望，期望。指热切期望并对获得所期待之物的可能性方面有一定的信心。

await: 期待，等候。指满怀期望地等待，暗含肯定性。

15.appeal attract fascinate tempt appeal：吸引，迷住。搭配为：appeal to sb.既可指感官上的吸引，也可指情感或理智上吸引。

attract: 吸引，引起••••••的注意。强调引起冲动或引起兴趣。如：attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意。

Fascinate： 使••••••着迷。指强烈的吸引，所表达的程度比本组内其他词更深。

tempt: 吸引，吸引••••••的兴趣。指用诱人的条件使某人做某事。

16.appreciate enjoy relish cherish

appreciate: 欣赏，赏识，重视。指通过理解和鉴别事情的能力来充分欣赏该事物。

enjoy: 欣赏，享有，喜欢。指由于心理的满足而喜欢、享受某种乐趣或某种权利。

relish: &a, mp;, nbsp;从……中得到乐趣，享受。尤指对食物的享受。cherish: 珍视，珍爱。指珍爱某一意念或一种感情而将其善藏心中。

17.argue dispute quarrel debate

argue: 辩论，争论。指与某人争论，而某人是错误的，使对方信服你使正确的。

dispute: 辩论，争论，对•••••• 质疑。指怀疑，某事而进行激烈的争辩。

quarrel: 争吵，吵架。指大声争吵，埋怨对方无尽无休。

debate: 争辩，辩论。尤指再公共场合如集会或国会中所进行的辩论。

18.assure ensure insure reassure

assure: 使某人相信，向某人保证。搭配为：assure sb.of sth.或assure sb.that，如：assure safety of the operation 确保手术成功。ensure:保证，确保。常用于：ensure that••• 或ensure sth.(如：success, safety, supplies)句型。

insure: 保险，投保。搭配为：insure••• against，如：insure one’s house against fire给房子投保了火险。

reassure: 使安心，使放心。搭配为：reassure sb.about sth.。

19.agree consent comply approve

agree：同意，答应。指就做某事取得一致意见。与介词with连用，指同意某人、某方或某种见解。有时与介词to连用，指同意某事、赞成某一建议、计划、决定或办法。

consent: 同意。指答应某人已经提出或可能要你做的事。consent后接动词to或动词不定式。

comply: 同意。comply与consent同意comply后接动词to。approve: 赞成。日常用语，指某人、某事是正确的或令人满意的后接介词of

20.arise arouse rise raise

arise: 产生，出现，发生。强调事物产生的结果，主要用于问题、困难等不好的事情的产生、发生、出现，不及物动词。

arouse: 唤醒，引起，激起，指激起唤起某人的情感，常接anger, curiosity, fear, interest, sympathy, suspicion等体现感情、情绪、心理、态度之类的词。

rise: 升起，上升，上涨，不及物动词。raise:举起，提高，及物动词。

21.ban prohibit forbid restrain ban: 禁止，查禁。强调由官方颁布命令或法令来禁止，语气最重。如：ban nuclear weapons禁止核武器。

Prohibit： 禁止，阻止。正式用词，指官方以法律条文、文件等形式，在较大范围内禁止人们做某事。搭配为：prohibit sb.from doing sth.。

forbid:不许，禁止。常用词，多指某人提出要求直接禁止别人做某事。搭配为：forbid sb.to do sth.。

restrain: 抑制，遏制，阻止。多指心理情绪方面。如：restrain one’s temper 控制脾气。搭配为：restrain sb.from doing sth.。

22.build construct establish found

build: 建筑，建造。指建造具体有形的建筑物，也指建立制度、国家等Construc：建筑，建造，建立。指铁路、桥梁、道路等巨大的工程的修建。多用于书面语。

establish :建立，设立，确定。指建立国家、政府、事业、关系、威信以及单位等。

found: 建立，设立，成立。指创立城市、机关、学校、教堂、寺院、医院等。

23.compel force oblige constrain compel:强迫，迫使。指由权利或不可抗拒的力量迫使某人做某事。搭配为：compel sb.to do sth.。

force: 逼迫，指用武力、权利、压力强迫某人，有很强的暴力威胁意味。

oblige: 迫使。“逼迫”的意味很弱，指因承诺、道德、社会约束等使有必要做某事、不得不做某事。

constrain: 强制，胁迫。更侧重于内心的作用（如良心、追悔、怜悯等）。

24.compose consist comprise constitute

compose:由……组成。表示某个整体由几个部分构成，通常采用be composed of 的搭配形式。

consist: 由……组成。也表示某个整体由几个部分构成，采用consist of夫人搭配形式。注意不用于被动句。

comprise: 包括，由……组成，及物动词。如：to comprise 50 states 包括50个州。

constitute: 构成，及物动词。表示由几个部分组成某个整体，多用于主动语态。如：seven days constitute a week 7天构成一个星期。

25.confirm prove justify verify confirm: 证实，肯定，进一步确定。指证实已知的事实、原有的想法。如：confirm one’s reservation 确认预定。

prove:证明。指通过经验或试验证明事务的确切性或原理的可靠性。如：prove sb.’s innocence 证明无罪。

justify: 证明……正当，证明……有理。如：justify the decision证明该决定的正确性。

verify: 证实，核实。主要指对事件的看待、核实、鉴定等。如：verify the figures of a report 核实报告中的数字。

26.confident和confidant

confident“深信，确信，自信”。confidant“心腹朋友”。

She has no close confidant to whom she can turn for advice or help.她没有知心朋友来帮助或是劝告她。

27.continual和continuous

continual“连续，继续”；“频繁的”；

continual bouts of toothache一阵接一阵的牙痛。(这中间可能有停顿或间断。)continuous“连续”(指从不间断的);

We have had three weeks of continuous rain.我们这里连续三周下雨不停。

28.might和could

might表明“possibility”。

could应该用来表明“permission”.Mum said we could(might)go to the football match.29.council和counsel

council“议事机构”，委员会； a cabinet council内阁会议。counsel“商议，劝告”；

follow sb's counsel close牢记某人忠告。

30.creditable和credible creditable“声誉好的，可称许(赞扬)的”； credible“可信的，可靠的”

He's the only one without a credible alibi(辩解，托辞)，他是惟一一个没有可信托辞的人。

31.decisive和decided decisive“果断的，断然的”； decisive measures断然的措施。decided“明确的，无疑的”； a decided success明显的成功。

32.defective和deficient defective(having a fault or flaw)“有缺陷的”。deficient(lacking in what is needed)“不足的”； be deficient in欠缺。

33.definite和definitive definite(certain or clear, not vague)“明确的，一定的”。

definitive(authoritative, that cannot be improved)“限定的，决定性的，最后的”;

definitive host宿主；definitive organs定形器官；definitive sentence最后判决。

34.dependant和dependent dependant n.(one who depends on another for support)受赡养者。dependent adj.“依靠的，依赖的”

He's still dependent on state benefit.The rate of relief is dependent on one's income.35.discreet和discrete discreet“考虑周到的，慎重的”。discrete“分离的，分裂的”；

On closer examination, we find that the pattern is formed from thousands of discrete dots of colors

第二篇：英语近义词辨析

英语近义词辨析(一)abide, adhere, conform, comply 这四个高频考词都有“遵守”的意思，但是它们的搭配不同。abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。

I will abide by the director' decision.我将遵从主任的决定。

adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。

All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。

comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。

abnormal, uncommon, disordered 这三个单词都有“反常的”之意，在考研和CET-6当中经常让考生们辨析它们的细微差别。abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree

centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。

That is uncommon instant coffee;it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！disordered a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。

We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。

abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish 这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。

abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。

The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。The losing team was eliminated from further

competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。

dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。

I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。

exclude v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。

The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。

extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。

Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。

abstract, digest, outline, summary 这一组名词都有“要点，摘要”的意思。

abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的概要。

digest n.(篇幅较长的)摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。Reader's Digest《读者文摘》 outline n.要点，大纲，概要。

She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。

summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。

absurd, ridiculous, silly 这一组形容词都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。

absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。

ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。

silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。a silly little boy傻小子

abundant, plentiful 这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。

abundant a.(数量)充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之意。Oil is in abundant supply in this country.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。

plentiful a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。

Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多。

accent, tone, dialect 这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。

accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。

He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言 access, assess 这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。access n.接近，进入。

The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。assess v.评估(财产，价值)。

I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。accommodate, afford, furnish 这一组动词都有“提供”的意思。

accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。

This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾住宿。

The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。

afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。We can't afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。

The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。

furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。

Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。

accomplishment, attainment, achievement 这三个名词都有“成就”的意思。

accomplishment n.成功，成就；才艺，修养。

Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功。

Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。

attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数)；达到，到达。a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者

achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具体的“成绩”，与accomplishment是同义词。

accuse, charge 两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。

The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。

charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure

这一组动词都有“获得，取得”的意思，在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。

It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学习，个人才得以获得应付各种情况的习惯做法。attain v.指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果；也可指达到某一目标。

The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month.这名销售员完成了当月的销售目标。obtain v.获得，买到，用于正式语体中。

He obtained the property with a bank loan.他通过向银行贷款买下了那份房产。gain v.指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。

An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value.投资者通过所买股票价格上涨而得利润。

earn v.挣得，赢得，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week?你一星期挣多少钱？ achieve v.得到，获得，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。

The movie star achieved success and wealth.这个影星取得了成功和财富。

secure v.得到；把……拿到手，含有肯定占有难以得到的东西之意；使安全，保卫；作形容词比较常见，意为“安全的”。

A million signatures have been secured.已征集到了100万人的签名。

He secured the office before leaving it for the night.他晚上离开前锁好了办公室的门窗。

acute, critical, crucial, urgent 这一组形容词都有“严重的，重要的”意思。acute a.剧烈的，严重的；急性的(病)。

An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。

critical a.意为“关键的”，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量；还指“批判性的，分析性的It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.为了考好你必须用功学习，则你会不及格的。

crucial a.意为”决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的“，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。

urgent a.意为”紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的“，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调”紧急的“状态。

We have an urgent need for help;we are running out of water.我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。

adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary 这九个动词都含有”调整、改变“的意思。

adjust v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。

I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。

regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，使之准确工作或运行；多含有”控制“之意。

Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。rectify v.纠正，校正(错误、文章、合同等)。

He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。

amend v.(正式用语)指修改文件、法律、规范等。

The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs.政治家们修正了这项法律以提供更多的就业。

convert v.改变某事物的形式或用途，还可以指改变信仰尤其是宗教信仰。

Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971.英国于1971年改用十进制货币体系。

He's converted to Catholicism.他已经皈依天主教。alter v.使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面稍作改变。

The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight.裁缝修改了我的裤腰因为它太紧了。

modify v.改变，修改，以使某物更趋完善，还可以用来表示态度、脾气、意见变得温和。He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify his behavior.他粗声大气，脾气暴躁；朋友们告诉他要改变自己的举止。

transform v.指彻底、深远的改变，这种变化完全改变了外观或特性，使被改变的对象脱胎换骨。

Remodeling transformed an old, dark housesintosa cheerful one.重新装修使这所陈旧昏暗的房子变得赏心悦目。vary v.强调没有一定规则、陆续的变化或差异。

Air fares vary from one airline to another.航空公司的机票价格各不相同。

admit, confess, concede 这几个动词都有”承认“的意思。

admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而”承认“某一事实或过错。I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。

confess v.供认(罪行、过错等)，含有”坦白、招认“的意思。He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。

concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指”以退为进“的承认。

The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。

affiliate, link, attach, append 这一组动词都有”附加“的意思。affiliate v.加入，成为……一部分。an affiliated middle school一所附属中学 link v.将人或物连接起来。

The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。

I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。append v.增加，附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。

The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。

affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim 这一组动词都有”声称“的意思。

affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是deny的反义词。He affirmed his love for her.他发誓爱她。

assert v.指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。She asserted that she was innocent.她宣称自己是无辜的。allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。

claim v.要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。

They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。

announce v.宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告的意味。The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。

proclaim v.宣布；宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。

The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。

aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify 这一组动词都有”加强“的意思。

aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。

I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。

reinforce v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(以添加材料等)加固。

A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。increase v.指数量上的增加。

The number of people has been increased.人数增加了。strengthen v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。

Exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。

Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。

intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors加深色彩 intensify hatred加深仇恨 alert, cautious, considerate 这一组形容词都表示”小心的，谨慎的“。alert a.警惕的，留神的。

The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。cautious a.细心的，谨慎的。

He has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。considerate a.关心他人的，体贴的。

He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。

alive, live, living, lively 这一组形容词都跟”活“有关。

alive a.活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置。After the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故后，他奄奄一息。all man alive所有活着的人

live a.活的，有活力的，现场直播的。

We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。living a.活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。

Who is the world's greatest living artist?谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家？ living room起居室

lively a.活泼的，栩栩如生的。

She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停。

alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline 这一组动词都有”减少，减轻“的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和

The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼药减缓了疼痛。

diminish v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于战争石油的供应减少了。reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。

He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。decrease v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。

The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。decline v.(数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。

Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。

allocate, separate, detach, divide 这一组动词都有”分开“的意思。allocate v.分配，把……拨给。

The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。separate v.人为地分开，使隔离开。

We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。detach v.拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远。

We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。

divide v.指将整体分为若干个部分。

The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。

ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim 这一组形容词都有”模糊“的意思。

ambiguous a.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。

His ambiguous directions confused us;we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。obscure

a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。

The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾兹拉•庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。vague a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。

He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。

unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。It is unclear whether the economy will get better.经济是否好转仍不明朗。dim a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。Don't work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光线下工作。

His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康复的可能性十分渺茫。

amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand amplify v.扩大，增加，尤其指通过增强电压或电流使声音扩大；补充叙述(故事、事件等)。We must ask you to amplify your statement.我们得请你对你的说法作进一步的说明。enlarge v.扩大，多指具体物品如相片的放大。

enlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house扩建房屋

stretch v.(有弹性地)伸展，延伸，并有可能超过限度；伸长、伸出(身体某部位)并绷紧肌肉(尤指在放松后或为了够着某物)。

The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.这件套头毛衣我穿了几次之后就撑大了。

Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早间工作之后，职员们站到桌子后面伸伸懒腰。magnify v.放大，指用透镜或显微镜使物体看上去大一些。

His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能够阅读。reinforce v.增援，加固。

expand v.指范围、体积的扩大、增大，也可以指内容或细节的充实。The balloon expanded, then exploded.气球先是膨胀，然后就爆破了。

anger, fury, indignation, resentment 这一组名词都有”愤怒、生气“的意思。anger n.气愤，生气，是一般用语。

After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.争吵之后，他一拳打在那个人的脸上以发泄怒气。fury n.暴怒，大怒，程度较anger要强。indignation n.义愤，尤其指出于道义上的激愤。

general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤

resentment n.愤恨，怨恨，不满，是正式用语，尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到伤害后而产生的愤慨。

There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工资降低后，办公室里怨声载道。

apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct 这一组形容词都有”明显的“之意。

apparent a.明显的，显而易见的，尤其指容易观察到或认识到的事物。

He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高兴，显然他现在想走了。

evident a.明白的，明显的，与apparent基本同意，多用于推理或由事实证明的事物。It is evident that he is guilty;his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.显然他是有罪的，在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。

manifest a.清楚的，明显的，多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义，常作表语。Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出众，但长相并不动人。obvious a.明显的，显而易见的，含有无可辩白，不需证明之意。

It is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.很显然，那个妇女酒喝的太多了。distinct a.清楚的，明显的；不同的，独特的。修饰性质明显不同的东西。

Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治疗已使他的健康有了明显的好转。

applaud, clap, commend, praise applaud v.鼓掌，赞扬，指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许，大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表扬了我的工作，对我的努力表示赞许。

clap v.拍打，其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能说applaud one's hands。clap sb.为某人鼓掌，clap sth.拍打某物

commend v.为正式用词，用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖，通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。

praise v.为一般用词，用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕；赞颂，赞美。

A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。

Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。

area, district, region, vicinity, zone 这一组名词都有”区域“的意思。

area n.泛指面积较大的地区；面积；专业领域。The New York area has high rents.纽约地区房租很高。district n.行政区划的小范围地区。如Xicheng district北京西城区 region n.行政区划上更大的地区，如”自治区“；身体部位。

The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。vicinity n.周围地区，附近地区。

The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.警察都十分警惕因为逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地区。zone n.指特定的地方、地带。

The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通过法律，在一些空地上开辟商业区。

assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium 这一组名词都表示”会议“的意思。assembly n.集合，集会。

The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.学生们在大礼堂举行集会。conference n.(专门性的)会议，讨论会。

The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.关于世界经济问题的会议在日内瓦召开。

congress n.代表大会，(美国的)国会。

Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美国国会通过的法律，人民一定要遵守。

rally n.(鼓舞士气的)集会；群众性集会。

The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教练召开了一个动员会，以便鼓舞士气打好下次比赛。seminar n.(大学的)研究班，研讨会。

During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里，一些教师在学院里参加研究班。

session n.(一届)会议，回合。

the autumn session of Parliament议会的秋季会议 summit n.最高级会议，峰会(通常为领导人参加)。

Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年将在维也纳举行最高级会谈。symposium n.(学术、科研方面的)座谈会，专题报告会。

The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研讨会持续了两天。

assessment, estimate, evaluation 这一组名词都有”评估“的意思。

assessment n.评估，估价，常常表示对于财产、价值的评估。

We have a low assessment on our property.我们对我们的资产评估很低。estimate n.估计，强调进行评估得出的结果，常与动词give搭配。

The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.机械师给我的汽车修理费的粗略估计是200或300美元。

evaluation n.(对于能力，价值、工作业绩的)评价，估价，常带有肯定的、正确的含义。He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他对于我们的科学研究给予了积极的评价。

associate, ally, combine, unite 这一组词都有”联合“的意思。

associate v.交往，结交；联系，联想。多指平等友好的合作，后接with，表示与某人交往或合作，后接in表示在某个方面合作。

We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里，我们同邻居交往。ally v.使结盟，使联姻，多与with搭配。

Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。

combine v.联合，化合，混合，多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。

unite v.联合，合并，团结，尤指不同的事物或人组成统一体，强调结果的一致性。The nation united against its enemy.国民团结一致共同对敌。

average, common, general, universal, usual 这一组形容词都有”普通“的意思。

average a.普通的，一般的，它强调的是一般水准或普通水准；通常在有数字出现的情况下，表示”平均的“。

The average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.跑步者15分钟内平均跑两英里。common a.常见的，普通的，不足为奇的，有时引申为”平凡的“，强调事物的共同性。另外，它还有”公共的，共同的“之意。

Car accidents are a common occurrence.交通事故是很普通的事件。

general a.普通的，一般的，表示涉及到各方面，强调整体性而非个别和例外，该词的反义词为particular。

In general, the economy is doing well now.总的来说，现在的经济形式还不错。universal a.普遍的，比general语气更强，有”全然没有例外“的意思。

Poverty is a universal problem all over the world.贫困是世界各地普遍存在的问题。usual a.通常的，惯常的，强调”习惯性的，符合规章制度的“，是个一般用语。

award, reward award v.指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。后面可跟双宾语。The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。reward

v.酬劳，奖赏，回报，通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到报酬或酬谢，其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。后跟with用来说明以何物作为报酬。

I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我将出50美元，酬谢帮我找回丢失的狗的人。aware, conscious aware a.知道的，意识到的，强调感官对外界事物的意识。He was aware of his mistake.他意识到自己的错误。conscious a.有意识的，意识到的，一般指内心所意识到的。

The salesman is conscious of the fact that he must increase sales.销售员意识到他必须增加销售量。

base, foundation, ground 这一组名词都有”基础“的意思。

base n.指具体的有形的基础，也可指物体的底部、基部；基地，总部。

They use their apartment in New York as a home base from which they travel frequently.他们把纽约的公寓作为他们频繁出行的大本营。

foundation n.本义指建筑物的地基，含有坚实的基础的意思；基金会。

The foundation for our house is made of cement.我们房子的地基是水泥打下的。ground n.地面，土地，也指地域，水底，海底。

basic, elementary, fundamental basic a.基本的，基础的，既可用于具体事物，也可用于抽象事物。He has a basic understanding of the problem.他对问题有基本的了解。elementary a.初步的，初级的。elementary school小学

fundamental a.根本性的，一般只用于抽象的事物；必要的，必须的。

Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。

beam, chuckle, giggle, grin, jeer, laugh, roar, sneer 这一组都有”笑“的意思，而它们之间的差别也是明显的。

beam v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为”微笑“，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。

She beamed with happiness.她高兴得眉开眼笑。

chuckle v.(书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。

She does not laugh out loud;she only chuckles.她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。giggle v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。grin v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。He grinned at his mother.他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。jeer v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。

The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。

laugh v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。roar v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。

He roared when he heard the joke.听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。sneer v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。

He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。

bewilder, puzzle, confuse, embarrass, perplex 这一组词都有”迷惑“的意思。

bewilder v.使困惑，使茫然，强调非常困惑，通常表现为心理和智力的紊乱，语气最重。He was fired without warning and is completely bewildered about the reason.他没有得到事先警告就被开除了，完全不明白是什么原因。

When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were bewildered by its complicated traffic system.当这些农夫们第一次到城里的时候，他们对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。

puzzle v.使迷惑，感到不解，强调不理解或解决不了。

Where the sunken treasure is puzzles explorers.沉没宝藏的下落令探险家们大惑不解。confuse v.一般用语，使混乱，使糊涂，强调因混淆而使人产生迷乱。

He sent the wrong reports because he confused them with other ones.他发错了报告，因为他把它们同另外一些报告混淆在一起了。

embarrass v.使窘迫，使为难，使困惑，有令人不快、难为情和内心混乱的意味。Her boyfriend embarrassed her by teasing her about her new hairstyle in front of others.她的男友在别人面前嘲笑她的新发型，使她感到难堪。perplex v.使杂乱，使疑虑，使不安。

The new tax laws perplex me.新税收法律使我很费解。blame, condemn, reproach, scold 这一组动词都有”责怪“的意思。blame v.责怪，把……归咎于。

You can't blame anyone in case you fail the exam.万一你考试不及格，你不能怪罪任何人。condemn v.谴责，用于比较正式的、严肃的场合。

The wife condemned her husband for drinking too much.妻子因丈夫贪杯而责怪他。

reproach v.(书面语)责备，表示不满。

His teacher reproached him for not doing his homework.老师责备他不做作业。scold v.责骂，训斥。blunder, error, mistake 这一组词都表示”错误“。

blunder n.(因为无知、疏忽犯下的)大错，愚蠢的错误。

I think that I committed a blunder in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.这位女士由于我的问题感到很难过，我感觉到犯了一个大错。

error n.指判断、计算或行为上的错误，也可指智力或道义上的错误。The accident was the result of human error.这事故是人为的错误造成的。mistake n.误会，误解；(粗心、遗忘所导致的)错误。

I took your bag instead of mine by mistake.我错拿了你的手提包。

brittle, fragile, frail, crisp, invalid 这一组形容词都有”弱“的意思。

brittle a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。

The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。

fragile a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。

He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。frail a.(指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。His mother has grown old and frail.他母亲已经年老体弱。

crisp a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。crisp biscuit松脆的饼干

The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。

invalid a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。

Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。

A bad car accident made him an invalid.一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。boundary, border, frontier, rim, verge 这几个名词都有”边界“的意思。

boundary n.边界；界线。多指作为界线的标识物等。

The fence marks the boundary between my land and hers.这道栅栏是我的地和她的地的分界线。border n.较宽的边缘，边界，多指两国或两地之间的分界处附近的边缘地区、边界地带；也可以指物体的边缘等。

We crossed the Mexican bordersintosthe USA.我们穿过墨西哥边界进入美国境内。

frontier n.边界，边境，边疆，指靠近边界(boundary)的区域；也可引申为”未开发的领域“，”(学术的)前沿“等。

The American West was still a frontier a century ago.一个世纪以前美国西部还是一片边疆。She is a biochemist who works on the frontiers of biology.她是从事生物学前沿研究的生化学家。

rim n.边，边缘，尤指圆形或近似圆形的物体的边缘。

verge n.(道路、花坛等长着草的)边缘，引申为”某事即将发生之际“。on the verge of war战争爆发之际

brief, concise, curt, succinct 这一组形容词都有”简短的“意思。

brief a.简明扼要的，简短的，指时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了等；有时含有”虽短但却不失全面“的意味。

The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.经理致了简短的开幕词。concise a.(文字等的)简要、精练，常含有保留主要部分的意思。

His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.他的信写得简明扼要，省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。

curt a.三言两语的，简短的，常含有”草率“的意思。

He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , ”I have no time for you now!“他问老板一个问题，但是老板草率的说：”我没时间搭理你。“ succinct a.简明的，简洁的，简练的，尤指用词简练，除含有concise的意思外，还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。

succinct summary of the argument论点的概要

bush, shrub, jungle 这一组词均与树木有关。bush n.矮树丛。

shrub n.有木茎的灌木，灌木丛。jungle n.热带稠密的雨林或丛林。

certify, rectify, testify, verify 这是一组形近易混词。

certify v.证明，声称是真的。

He certified it was his wife's handwriting.他证明那是他妻子的手迹。

rectify v.改正，纠正；整顿。

He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错。

testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作证；表明。

He is the only person who can testify in this case, because the other witnesses were killed mysteriously.由于其他的证人已经被神秘地杀害，他成为这件案例中唯一可以作证的人。verify v.(用事实)证实或核实。I verified the store's address by calling to check it.我打电话询问，以核实商店的地址。

compel, constrain, force, oblige 这一组动词都有”强迫“的意思。

compel v.强迫，迫使，常表示运用权利、力量迫使对方做某事；有时也表示”别无办法，不得不做“。

His illness compelled him to stay in bed.他的病迫使他卧床休息。

constrain v.力劝，强迫，与compel意思相近，但更多强调内心情感(如道德、怜悯等)的强迫和限制作用，一般用于正式的场合。

As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people.他认为自己是艺术家，不必象一般人那样要受到社会行为准则的约束。force v.强迫，迫使，暴力威胁的意味较浓，常用于被动语态。The thief forced her to hand over the money.强盗逼迫她把钱交出来。oblige v.(因法律、习俗等)强迫，迫使，常常用于被动。

We are obliged to stop the car at a red light.我们遇到红灯时必须停车。

complaint, disorder 这两个词都有”疾病“的意思。

complaint n.疾病(主要指病人去看病时向医生描述的病症，既可以是小病、慢性病，也可以是传染性疾病)；抱怨，埋怨，不满。a heart complaint心脏病

disorder n.(精神或肉体的)疾病(着重于身心、机能的失调、不平衡)；骚乱，**；混乱，杂乱。

a disorder of the digestive system消化系统疾病

complement, supplement，append 这三个名词都有”补充“的意思。

complement n.补充，补充物，主要指补充不足使之完美。

Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。supplement n.增补，补充，补贴，主要指另外补加，增补。

One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.我们在报告完成一年之后，必须增补一个包含新事件的附加部分。

append n.附加，添上或补充某事物(尤指文字)。

The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.律师在合同后又附加了两页。

component, element, factor, ingredient 这一组名词都有”组成成分“的意思。

component n.零部件；(某事物的)组成部分；成分。

Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.轮胎，引擎，车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。

element n.元素；组成部分，方面；某特定类型的人或群体，分子。

The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢元素和氧元素构成了水。He belongs to a bad element in this city.他属于这个城市的坏分子。factor n.因素，要素，侧重指原因。Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。ingredient n.原料，成分，要素。

Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。

comprise, compose, consist, constitute, include 这一组动词都有”组成，包含“的意思。

comprise v.包含，包括，由……组成(整体)；组成，构成。

Our company's product line comprises 2,500 different items.我们公司的生产线是由2,500个不同的组成部分构成的。

compose v.构成(整体)，组成；由……组成(后接of，常用于被动语态)；创作(作曲、诗歌等)。The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。

consist v.组成，构成,由……组成(后接of，常用于主动语态)；(后接in)在于，存在于。The problem consists of two parts.问题由两部分组成。

The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.这计划的好处就在于简单易行。

constitute v.构成，组成(整体)。

Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。

include v.包括，包含，把……列入。

The conference delegates included representatives from abroad.大会代表中有来自海外的代表。

concentrate, focus 这两个动词都有”集中“的意思。

concentrate v.集中，集中精力(后接on，宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西)；浓缩，压缩。During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.考试期间，同学们集中精力回答问题。

focus v.集中(于某事物)；将(注意力等)集中于……(后接on，宾语一般不是具体的东西)。Please focus your minds on the following problem.请集中考虑以下问题。

confinement, limitation, restraint 这一组名词都有”限制，局限“的意思。

confinement n.限制，囚禁(于某地或某种境地)。

The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。

limitation n.限制，局限；(能力的)缺点，弱点。

That employee has limitations on what work he can do.那个雇员能做的工作有限。

restraint n.克制，抑制；约束措施。

Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.即使母亲很生气，她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。

considerable, considerate 这是一对形近易混的形容词。

considerable a.相当大的，相当多的；值得考虑的。That family owns a considerable amount of land.那个家族拥有大量的土地。

considerate a.考虑周到的，体贴的，后面常跟of结构。

He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅别人，他很慈善并且富有同情心。

conserve, preserve, reserve 这是一组形近易混词，且都有”保存“的意思。

conserve v.保存，保藏，保护(强调节约)。

In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天，为节约能源有些人在夜里把暖气调小。

preserve v.保护；维持；保养；防止(食物)腐败(强调使不受破坏)。

The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。reserve v.保留，储备(强调为某一特殊目的)；订(座位)，预定。

We are reserving these seats for my parents.我们把这些座位留给我的父母。

continual, continuous, constant, incessant 这一组形容词都有”不断的，不停的“的意思。

continual a.连续不断的；频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。

That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.那条狗不停地叫，真是烦死人了。

continuous a.不停的，连续不断的，强调中间不停顿。

Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。

constant a.不断的，经常的，强调始终如一地经常出现。

Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。

incessant a.不停的，持续不断的，强调令人厌烦地重复出现，中间有可能有停顿。Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。

convert, invert, revert, transform 这一组动词都有”转变“的意思。

convert v.转变，变换，含有”使某人改变观点“的意思。

He wants to convert to Catholicism.他要皈依天主教。

invert v.使颠倒，使倒转，使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.婴儿把杯子打翻，弄洒了里面的橙汁。

revert v.归还，恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。

John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died，ownership reverted back to John.约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子，当他的哥哥去世后，房子的所有权重新归于约翰。

transform v.改变，转变，指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。

A little paint will soon transform the old house.刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。

credible, credulous, plausible 这一组形容词都有”可信的“意思。credible a.可信的，可靠的。That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick.那个学生跟老师讲了实情，她没来上课是因为她病了。credulous a.轻信的，易于相信的。

She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money.她很容易轻信别人，竟然听信那个销售员的话以高价买了那辆车。

plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)。常带有怀疑的意思。

Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced.虽然这个解释合理，但仍不可能使我完全相信。

decline, refuse, reject, deny 这组动词都有”拒绝“的意思。

decline v.婉言拒绝，谢绝，相当于refuse politely，主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求，后接名词或动词不定式，主语只能是人。

I invited her to join us, but she declined.我邀请她和我们在一起，可是她婉言谢绝了。refuse v.是比较普通的用词，表示”拒绝“，含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意思。reject v.抛弃，不采纳，主语可以是人或物，后接名词，不能接动词不定式。

He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him.他三次约她去看电影，但每一次都被拒绝。

deny v.否认，否定，其后可接名词，代词或that从句。

The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court.被告在法庭上否认了对他的指控。

deduce, induce, reduce 这是一组形近易混词。

deduce v.推断，推理，演绎。

My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him;today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的气的时候就会变得沉默，今天他很沉默，所以我推断她生气了。

induce v.引诱，劝；引起，导致。

We couldn't induce the old lady to travel by air.我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去。

reduce v.减轻，减小；降低。

He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动，体重减轻了20磅。

delay, postpone 这两个词都有”延迟“之意。

delay v.延期，延缓，耽搁，常指由于不可避免的障碍等原因而延期。

Her late arrival delayed the start of the meeting.她的迟到使会议延迟开始。

postpone v.耽搁，暂缓，常指将某事放置一边，等到另一事发生或一定时间后再做。Our meeting for today was postponed until next week.我们今天的会议推迟到下周举行。

demonstrate, illustrate 这两个词都有”说明“的意思。

demonstrate v.多指通过具体动作或物体进行演示、示范、表演、展示等以达到说明或解释的目的。

This salesman demonstrated how to cook with a pressure cooker.这个推销员当众演示如何用压力锅煮东西。

illustrate v.强调通过举例、列图表或比较等方式来说明道理。

The teacher illustrated the history lesson by telling a story about George Washington.那个老师通过乔治•华盛顿的故事来讲述他的历史课。

disappear, vanish, fade 这一组词都有”消失“的意思。

disappear v.消失，不见；灭绝，不复存在。是个一般用语。The little dog was just there, then he

disappeared.那条小狗刚才就在那里，然后就不见了。

vanish v.消失，不见，指突然间化为乌有，强调非常彻底地、神秘莫测地消失、失踪。The man ransintosthe shop and vanished from sight.那个男子跑到了商店里，然后就消失了。fade v.指衣服的颜色褪色，声音的逐渐消失。

The wallpaper has faded from red to pale pink.墙纸从红色褪成了淡粉色。

decline, decrease, diminish, reduce 这一组动词都有”减少“的意思。

decline v.(数量、数字、价格、比率)下降，下落。

Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。decrease v.减少，减小，强调逐渐地下降或减少的过程。

diminish v.(力量、势力)减弱，减少，强调由于某种原因而减少，这种减少可以造成能够为人们所察觉的后果或损失。

The need to take action has diminished.已经没有多少需要采取行动的必要性了。

reduce v.是及物动词，指通过人为的方法在数量、规模、范围等方面减少，也可以指在地位、重要性方面降低等级。

He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.他通过节食和运动，体重减轻了20磅。

deviate, distract, divert 这三个词都有”转移“的意思。

deviate v.背离，偏离。多指脱离正轨或正题等。

He deviated from society by becoming a drug addict.他成为一名吸毒者，从而违背了社会道德准则。

distract v.使分心，分散(注意力、心理等)。常带有不能专心的意思。

Noise distracts him, so he can't study for exams.喧闹声分散了他的注意力，所以他无法进行考试的复习。

divert v.转移，使转向，着重改变后的结果，后常接介词from。

A loud noise diverted everyone's attention from their work.一声巨响转移了每个人的工作注意力。

dip, immerse, submerge 这几个词都有”浸，浸入“的意思。dip v.浸，浸染，蘸。多指短时地将某物部分地浸到液体中，有小心翼翼的意思。The artist dipped his brush in the paint.艺术家拿画笔蘸了蘸颜料。

immerse v.沉浸，使沉浸于。指全部浸泡在液体中达一段时间，也可指一种氛围。Students immerse themselves in their studies.同学们在专心致志地学习。submerge v.浸没，淹没。多指全部浸没在水下达一定深度。

The girl was submerged in the shallow end of the pool.女孩泡在水池的浅水区一端。

divide, separate 这两个动词都有”分开“的意思。

divide v.分开，划分，指把整体分成若干部分，也表示”疏远“的意思，常用结构为”divide…from“。

The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.这家大公司分成了一些较小的公司。separate v.作及物动词时，意思是”分隔“，指把原来连接在一起或靠近的东西分隔开来，常用结构为”separate…from“；作不及物动词时，表示”分散，分别“。

duty, obligation, responsibility duty n.指道义上的责任，强调自觉性，作可数名词时指本职工作的任务。His duty is to see that the business runs well.他的职责是保证生意良好运转。obligation n.指合同或法律上规定的”责任，义务“，强调其约束力。

Parents have a legal obligation to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suitable to their age.父母有法律上的义务确保其子女受到适合其年龄的有效教育。responsibility n.职责，强调对后果要负责任的意思。

His father is ill, and he has the responsibility of caring for him.他的父亲病了，他有责任照顾他。

eject, inject, project 这是一组形近易混词。

eject v.跳出，喷出，弹射出。

The pilot ejected from the falling airplane.飞行员从坠落的飞机中弹射出去。

inject v.注射。

The nurse injected some medicinesintosthe patient with a needle.护士用注射器给患者打针。project v.伸出，突出；预计，预报；投射，放映。

The balcony projects out beyond the wall of the house.阳台从房子的墙壁上突出来。

The government projects that the defence budget will increase by 20%.政府预计国防预算将增长百分之二十。

eligible, illegible eligible a.享有权利的，具备资格的。

He graduated from high school with good grades, so he is eligible to enroll in the state college.他以优异的成绩从中学毕业，所以他有资格就读于州立大学。illegible a.很难看懂的，难以辨认的。

The writing is illegible;I cannot read what it says.字迹不清楚，我看不清上面写的是什么。eminent, imminent 这是一组形近易混词。

eminent a.著名的，卓越的，接触的。

He is eminent in the field of linguistics.他在语言学领域很有名。imminent a.即将发生的，迫在眉睫的，临近的。

The wedding date is imminent, so we must send invitations.婚礼迫近，所以我们必须发放请柬了。

emotion, feeling, passion, sensation, sentiment 这一组名词都有”感情“的意思。

emotion n.情感，感情，指喜怒哀乐等较激动的情绪，表示某物引起的激动。He felt mixed emotions when he thought of her.当他想起她时便产生一种复杂的感情。feeling n.指一般的情绪、感觉，它一般不反映感情的本质和强度。passion n.激情，热情，欲望，极度的仇恨，指强烈的爱好、愤怒或情欲。He spoke with passion about the love of freedom.他满腔热情地谈论着对自由的热爱。sensation n.指人体感官受到外部刺激时产生的感觉，知觉。When she watched the film, she had the sensation that she was in a moving car.她看电影时，感觉自己正坐在一辆开动的汽车上。

sentiment n.思想感情，情绪，感情色彩，指由于某种思想唤起的感情，强调主观作用，有时候也带有理智成分。

When our grandmother died, we remembered her life with strong sentiment.当祖母逝世时，我们深深地怀念她的一生。

encourage, excite, inspire, motivate, stimulate 这一组动词都有”鼓励、刺激“的意思。

encourage v.鼓励，促进，含有”使增强勇气或给予希望“的意味。

He encouraged his son to go to good college.他鼓励他的儿子上名牌大学。excite v.指使人感到激动、兴奋；煽动，鼓动。

The band played louder and excited the audience.乐队演奏得更响亮了，使观众兴奋起来。inspire v.鼓舞，激发，影响，常常带有”启迪，启发“的意思。

My mother inspires us with stories of her difficult childhood.我的妈妈给我们讲童年时的艰苦生活以激励我们。

motivate v.激发，促动，强调激起动机去做某事。

A desire to go to medical school motivates her to study hard everyday.她希望上医学院，这成了她每天努力学习的动力。

stimulate v.刺激，激发，促进，强调刺激反应的结果。Cold air stimulates me.冷空气刺激我振作起来。

equal, equivalent, identical 这一组形容词都有”相同的，相等的“的意思。

equal a.(数字、数量、权力、价值)相等的；(指人)胜任的。

Those two tables are of equal length.这两张桌子一样长。

It is a big responsibility to take on, so I hope he 's equal to the task.要担负的责任很大，我希望他能够胜任这项任务。

equivalent a.相等的，相同的，与equal基本可以互换使用。

The two computers are equivalent in speed.这两台计算机在运算速度上是相同的。identical a.同一的，完全相同的。

The boys are identical twins.这两个男孩子是一模一样的双胞胎。

equipment, facility, instrument equipment n.指生产、研究所需要的设备、装置，如各种机器和器材，是不可数名词。a factory with modern equipment具有现代化设备的工厂

facility n.指较大的设施、设备，尤指公用的、为大众带来便利的设备。

The facility at that club includes tennis courts and a swimming pool.那家俱乐部的体育设施包括网球场地和一个游泳池。

instrument n.乐器，仪器，为某个用途而使用的工具。

As a flexible actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.作为一个多才多艺的演员，他既可以表演，又会唱歌跳舞，还能够演奏不同种类的乐器。

essential, indispensable, necessary essential a.表示属于某事物的要素或特征是”主要的，核心的，本质的，必不可少的“。

The essential point is we must do what the contract says.核心的一点是我们必须按照合同的规定去做。

indispensable a.强调客观上是必不可少的，否则就无法维持生命或做不成某一件事。Warm clothing is indispensable in cold weather.在寒冷的天气里，厚衣服是必不可少的。necessary a.是一般用语，强调从主观上看是必须的，不可避免的。

exceed, surpass, transcend 这一组动词都有”超过“的意思。

exceed v.多于，大于，超过，多指数量或允许的限度。

Sales of the new product exceeded our estimates.新产品的销售超出了我们的预计。surpass v.优于或超过某人(某物)。

The runner surpassed his old record by 10 seconds.跑步运动员比他过去的记录提高了10秒。transcend v.超出或超越，一般指超越经验、常识、普通能力等，强调难以为大众理解。The nature of God transcends of human comprehension.上帝的本质难以为人们所理解。

faint, feeble, fragile, weak faint a.虚弱的，眩晕的，指人在特定场合感觉到的虚弱，通常不是天生体质上的虚弱而是由于某种原因造成的暂时的情况。

The summer sun was so strong that she felt faint.夏天的阳光太强烈了，她感觉到眩晕。feeble a.虚弱的，无力的，常用来形容人的声音或行为。

The elderly lady has become feeble and unable to care herself.这个老太太已经很虚弱了，无法照顾她自己。

fragile a.脆弱的，易碎的，指物体容易打碎，或人体质虚弱、容易受伤害。That dish is fragile, so be careful.那个盘子容易碎，所以千万小心。

weak a.这组词中应用范围最广的一个，既可以指身体虚弱的，无力的，也可引申为在力量、权力、技能、影响等方面有欠缺或软弱。

The patient is losing blood and becoming weak.病人在失血，身体开始虚弱下去。

feasible, practicable, practical, pragmatic feasible a.可行的，行得通的，用来表示实施后可以成功的。

Your work plan is feasible, so we can build the bridge immediately.你的工作计划是可行的，所以我们可以马上修建那座桥。

practicable a.能实施的，可行的，只表示一种可能性，但是实施后的效果不一定理想。Their marriage was so bad that divorce seemed the only practicable solution.他们的婚姻是如此的糟糕以至于离婚似乎是唯一可行的解决办法。

practical a.实践的，实用的，实际的，指未经过实践检验的事物，如计划、项目等。She felt that most of what she learned in the course was of no practical use.她感到在课上学到的大部分知识都没有实际用途。

pragmatic a.讲究实际的，实用的，务实的，强调用常识解决实际问题，不追求不切实际的目标。

He would like to be a doctor, but he has a pragmatic attitude and realizes that he cannot afford medical school.他想成为一名医生，但是他很实际，知道自己上不起医学院。

gaze, gape, glance, glare, glimpse, peer, peep, stare 这一组动词都含有”看“的意思。

gaze v.凝视，注视，指由于好奇、感叹、长时间目不转睛地看。

She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring.她凝视着自己的这颗美丽崭新的钻戒。

gape v.(张着嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看，强调一种吃惊的状态。

The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.在动物园，孩子们张大了嘴巴呆呆地看着大象。

glance v.(粗略地、随便地)一瞥，看一眼。

He glanced over the letter he had just received.他把刚收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。glare v.怒目而视，强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看；眩目地照射。

The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.那男人粗暴地冲她大声喊叫，她也怒目而视。

glimpse v.与glance意思相近，短促地看一眼，一瞥。

peer v.指眯起眼睛仔细看，尤指看不清楚的情况下；费力地看，凝视。

Being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.因为有点近视，她有眯着眼睛看人的习惯。peep v.窥视，偷看。

The mother peepedsintosthe bedroom to see if her child was asleep.母亲偷偷向卧室看了一下，看她的孩子是否睡着了。

stare v.凝视，盯着，指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间地、直接地注视，常常含有粗鲁无礼的意思。

I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman;it wasn't nice.我告诉儿子不要盯着那个胖女人，那样看人不礼貌。

historical, historic 这两个形容词都和”历史“有关系。

historical a.历史上的，有关历史的，史学方面的，以历史为基础的。

The French Revolution was of freat historical importance.法国革命具有重要的历史意义。historic a.历史上著名的，重要的。

a historic meeting between two leaders两个领袖间的历史性会晤

hospitality, hostility 这是一组形近易混词。

hospitality n.热情招待，殷勤好客。

We enjoyed the hospitality of friends at their country home.朋友们在乡下的居所热情地招待了我们，使我们过得很愉快。

hostility n.来自与形容词hostile(不友善的，敌对的)，敌意，对抗。You can feel the hostility coming from that man.你可以感觉到那个人的敌意。

hypercritical, hypocritical hypercritical a.吹毛求疵的，批评苛刻的。

He is so hypercritical that he corrects every mistake his students made.他很苛刻，对于学生的每个错误都要纠正。

hypocritical a.虚伪的，伪善的。hypocritical behaviour伪善的行为

ignore, neglect, omit, overlook 这一组动词都有”忽略“的意思。

ignore v.忽视，不理睬，指有意识地拒绝。

She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走过来，但是装作没看见。neglect v.忽视，忽略，疏忽，指无意识地忽视或忘记。

He neglected to make repairs in his house.他忘记了修理房子。

omit v.遗漏，忽略，忘记，指由于疏忽而忘记，也可以表示因不利或不好而被忽略等。She omitted several steps in the experiment and it failed.她在实验中遗漏了几个步骤，结果实验失败了。

overlook v.忽略，疏漏，指有意识地遗漏，也可以指无意识地忽略。

The mother overlooked her little boy's bad behavior.那位母亲忽视了她的小儿子的不良行为。

imaginable, imaginary, imaginative imaginable a.可想象的，往往作后置定语，所修饰的名词前常加all，every，only或形容词的最高级。

In her painting, she has used every color imaginable.在她的绘画中，她用了所以可以想象的到的色彩。

imaginary a.虚构的，想象中的。

The child has an imaginary friend.那个孩子有个假想中的朋友。imaginative a.富于想象力的。

an imaginative writer富于想象力的作家

imitate, intimate, intimidate 这是一组形近易混词。

imitate v.模仿，仿效；复制，仿造。

The boy imitates his father's way of talking.那个男孩模仿他父亲说话的样子。intimate a.亲密的；温馨的，舒适的。

We have had an intimate friendship since we were young.我们自年轻时代起就建立了亲密的友谊。

intimidate v.恐吓，威胁。An older boy intimidated the little children when he took their lunch money.一个年龄大一点的男孩恐吓那些小孩子，并且抢走了他们的午饭钱。

imperial, imperious

imperial a.帝国的，帝王的；帝王般的，威严的；英制的(非公制的度量衡制，如磅，加仑，品脱等)。

the imperial guards帝国卫士

imperious a.傲慢的，专横的。

The strict father showed an imperious attitude toward his children.那个严厉父亲对孩子的态度很专横。

imply, infer imply v.(从言语或态度中)暗示，暗指(某种事情)。

The Secretary of the Treasury implied that interest rates would go down.财政大臣暗示利率将下降。

infer v.(根据已知事实)推断，推理。

I infer from your smile that you are happy.从你的笑容可以看出你很高兴。

industrial, industrious 这是一组形近易混词。

industrial a.工业的，产业的，来自于名词industry。

Industrial production is up this year;but agriculture is weak.今年的工业产值上升了，但是农业依然薄弱。

industrious a.勤奋的，忙碌的。

She started her own business and is now very industrious.她自己开了一家公司，因此很忙碌。

initial, original, primitive initial a.开始的，最初的，强调处于事物的起始阶段，也可以指位于开头地方的。

My initial good opinion of him changed with time.时间长了我对他最初的好印象改变了。original a.最初的，最早的；原版的，原物的。指按顺序是首位的，在此前不再有更为原始的同类的东西；也指原件的，原物的，非仿造的东西。

This is the original piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.就是在这架钢琴上，这位作曲家创作出了他的一些伟大的作品。

primitive a.原始的，上古的，早期的，指处于人类生命或事物发展的早期阶段，也可以指自然的或简朴的。

Primitive tribes live in the Amazon River basin.原始部落居住在亚马逊河盆地。

interfere, intervene, interrupt, disturb 这几个词都有”干扰“的意思。

interfere v.干涉，妨碍。常指干涉或妨碍他人(的事)，着重指有影响，当”干涉“讲时，后多接in，当”妨碍，打扰“时后多接with。

It's unwise to interfere between husband and wife.干涉别人夫妇间的事是不明智的

intervene v.干涉，干预，较为正式，常指带有行动的干预；此外，还有”调停“的意思。Would you intervene if you saw a parent hit a child?要是你看到家长打孩子你会干预吗？ interrupt v.打扰，打断，阻碍。常有”使……停止(中断)“的意思。

His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.他的讲话频频被掌声所打断。disturb v.打扰，妨碍。常指失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生。Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.噩梦妨碍她的睡眠。

invaluable, valueless invaluable a.无价的，非常宝贵的，相当于priceless。

Your help in moving the big refrigerator was invaluable.你帮忙搬那个大冰箱，你的帮助是可贵的。

valueless a.没有价值的，相当于worthless。

That bracelet is a cheap, valueless piece of jewelry.那个手镯是一件便宜的、不值钱的首饰。

jealous, envious jealous a.妒忌的，暗含有憎恶与不好的感情。

He gets jealous when other man talks to his girlfriend.当别的男人和他的女朋友说话时间]，他会很嫉妒。

envious a.羡慕的,强调攀比心理所造成的羡慕。

He is envious of my new car and wants one like it.他很羡慕我的新车，也想要一辆同样的。judicial, judicious 这是一组形近易混词。

judicial a.司法的，法律的，法庭的。

The judicial system settles arguments between people.司法系统解决人与人之间的争端。judicious a.果断的，明智的，是个正式用语。

He made a judicious decision to save money for his old age.他做了一个明智的决定，要为他的晚年攒钱。

minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate 这一组形容词都有”次等“的意思。

minor a较少的，较小的，较次要的，常含有轻微的但并非不重要的意思。

We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.我们对合同中的一切问题，甚至是细枝末节都达成了一致。

inferior a.次等的，较劣的，差的，当”下级“讲时，强调职位的高低；当”次等“讲时，指素质、质量等的低劣。

Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.产于瑞士的葡萄酒多数要比法国的差。

secondary a.第二等的，次要的，强调在重要性或顺序上处于第二位。

My job is of secondary importance to my health.我的工作比起身体来说不那么重要。subordinate a.次要的，从属的，下级的，强调主次地位或支配和隶属的关系。He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.她对下级官员一向和蔼可亲。

opt, apt 这是一对形近易混词。

opt v.选择，抉择，后接for。

She opted for a winter vacation, instead of one in summer.她选择了在冬天休假而不是夏天。apt a.易于……的，(后接to)；恰当的，贴切的。

She is apt to make mistakes if you pressure her too much.如果你给她施加的压力过大，她就很容易出错。

rational, reasonable rational a.理性的，区别于无理性；理智的，区别于感情用事的。

The rational thing to do was to take the sick man to a doctor.理智的做法是送病人去看医生。reasonable a.有道理的，公平合理的，或指人讲道理的。

That man works very hard, so it is reasonable for him to ask for more money.那个人工作努力，所以他要求加薪是合情合理的。

refrain, restrain, constrain refrain v.抑制，禁止，强调抑制一种冲动，是正式用语，为不及物动词，后接介词from。Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.学生们克制住不在教师抽烟。

restrain v.抑制，约束，指通过管束阻止某事发生，是及物动词，其习惯用法是restrain sb.(sth.)from doing。

She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.溜狗时，她牵着狗来限制它的活动。constrain v.强迫，力劝，是及物动词。

A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.法律限制政府开支大于收入。

respectable, respectful, respective 这是一组形近易混词。

respectable a.值得尊敬的，有好名声的。

They are respectable people who are liked and trusted in their town.他们在家乡是受人们敬爱和信任的人。

respectful a.尊敬他人的，恭敬的。

Students and teachers should have a respectful attitude toward each other.师生应该相互彬彬有礼。

respective a.单个的，分别的。revolve, evolve, involve revolve v.旋转，转动。

The room began to revolve , then he fainted.屋子开始旋转，然后他就昏倒了。evolve v.发展，演变。

Agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years.几千年来，农业发展得很缓慢。involve v.需要，包含；使卷入，牵涉。

Getting a driver's licence involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.要得到驾驶执照需要学习开车，学习交通规则，还要经过考试。

sanction, sanitation sanction n.认可，准许，批准。

I need my parents' sanction to stay out late.我晚回家需要得到父母的批准。sanitation n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备。

Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.在理发店和餐馆等营业场所执行严格的公共卫生制度。

scenery, scene, view, landscape 这一组名词都有”景色"的意思。

scenery n.风景，景色，舞台布景，强调从美的角度看，某个国家或地区的总体外貌。Each year, we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the scenery.我们每年到山区渡假，并欣赏那里的风景。

scene n.指从远处看到的某一具体景色、景象，也可以指人物的活动场面；(犯罪的)地点，现场。

They stood gazing the happy scene of children playing in the park.他们站在那里，注视着孩子们在公园里玩耍的场景。

view n.指从远处或窗户看到的视野范围内的风景；观点，看法。Our house has a view of the park.我们的房子可以看到公园的景色。landscape n.(自然的)风景，景色；风景画。

The landscape seen from the mountains is green and beautiful.站在群山之巅看到的是一片美丽的绿色。

sensible, sensitive, sentimental, sensational 这是一组形近易混词。

sensible a.有知觉的，可感知的；明智的。

The patient was speechless but still sensible.病人虽然不能说话但仍然有知觉。

sensitive a.敏感的，灵敏的。

This film is sensitive to light.这种胶片对光很敏感。sentimental a.多愁善感的，感伤的。

The novel has scenes full of love and loss;it is so sentimental!小说有多处场景充满爱情的悲欢离合，真是感伤啊！

sensational a.耸人听闻的，令人激动的。

I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.我听到一则耸人听闻的故事：十岁女孩做妈妈。

technological, technical 这是一组形近易混词。

technological a.技术上的。

a major technological breakthrough主要技术性突破

technical a.技术的，工艺(学)的；专门的，深奥的。

The banker made some technical points about the economy in his speech.银行家在他的关于经济的演说中提出了几个很专业的论点。

transaction, transition, transmission, transformation, transfer 这是一组在考研和CET-6中经常出现的形近易混词。transaction n.交易行为，处理。

Transactions of shares on the stock exchange were up today.今天证券交易所的股票成交额上升了。

transition n.(从一种情况到另一种的)过渡，更替。The transition from high school to college can be difficult for students.对于学生来说，从中学到大学的过渡会是困难的。

transmission n.传播(比如疾病)；广播。

The transmission of germs can occur by contact, breathing, and eating.细菌通过接触、呼吸和饮食传播。

transformation n.(外观或性质的)改变，改观，转变。

His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marrige.他结婚之后性格判若两人。

transfer n.转移，转让；(工作的)调动；(旅途中的)换乘，改变路线。

The club's goalkeeper isn't happy here, and has asked a transfer.这个足球俱乐部的守门员在此过得不愉快，已经要求转会到其他俱乐部。

第三篇：专转本材料

文科（英语、日语类）、艺术类考试科目：语文（150分）、英语（日语）（150分）、计算机（100分）；理工科考试科目：数学（150分）、英语（150分）、计算机（100分）。今年是4月23号考试~~~,希望对你有帮助，你上的是大专吧，专转本大约在12月分报名，3月份培训，4月份考试；培训科目由学校来定。

报名条件：

最好不要挂科

1、“专转本”

列入国家普通招生计划，经省招生部门按规定程序正式录取.在本省各类普通高校的专科二年级、三年级在籍学生可以报名参加“专转本”考试。考上后可进入大三学习。

2、专升本

国民教育系列的应届或往届毕业生通过全国成人高考，进入大学学习两年（脱产）或三年（业余），电子注册，国家承认学历。但毕业证书及学士学位证书均注明“成人”字样。报名时间一般为每年的8月底或9月初；考试时间为10月中旬；录取时间为当年年底，第二年的春节后各高校录取的成人高考学生开始报到上课。

3、专接本

通过自学考试的途径，获取自考本科文凭。毕业证书由教育部高等教育自考办监制，江苏省

高等教育自学考试委员会和主办特色自考的学校联合署章，全国电子注册，国家承认学历。

专转本的文凭硬

具体你到大二考什么，要看你报考的学校而定的，如果你报考的学校招收你这个专业的，又要求考理科，那你就是要考理科。

先直接到教务处，问你们学校的老师，咨询一下，你的专业属于哪个类别的，代码是多少，然后去查2010年的各个学校的招生计划，这部分可以在江苏招生考试网上查到。非常方便，这个最好你尽快查询一下。

如果能专转本，最好就专转本走

自考的猫腻太多了，你进去就知道了，文凭出来没用的。。

相关的资料和一些辅导班课程，你可以考虑网上找一些。

“江苏教育考试书店网上书城 专比较全的有“江苏教育考试书店”网上商城。自己google下：

转本”

第四篇：2017专转本英语作文

2017专转本英语作文模板

一、对比观点题型

(1)要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1.有一些人认为„„

2.另一些人认为„„

3.我的看法„„

The topic of ①________(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②________(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③________(理由二).Moreover, ④________(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,________(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥__________(理由二).Thirdly(finally),⑦_________(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧________(我的观点).The reason is that ⑨__________(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.(2)给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①________(观点一).For example, they think ②________(举例说明).And it will bring them ③________(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④____(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤_______(反对的理由之二).Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥_________(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).二、阐述主题题型

要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述.1.阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义.2.分析并举例使其更充实.The good old proverb ________(名言或谚语)reminds us that ________(释义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,________(理由一).For example, ________(举例说明).Secondly,________(理由二).Another case is that ________(举例说明).Furthermore , __________(理由三).rely a wise choice.In my opinion, _______(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say_______.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.三、解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

1.问题现状

2.怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem——A, which is becoming more and more serious.First, ________(说明A的现状).Second, ________(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing, _______(解决方法一).For another _______(解决方法二).Finally, ________(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that _______(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________(带来的好处).四、说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)

1.说明事物现状

2.事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)

3.你对现状(或前景)的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First ______(A的优点之一).Besides ________(A的优点之二).But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that ________(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,_______(A的第二个缺点).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to _______(我的看法).(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way, ________(对前景的预测)

五、议论文的框架

(1)不同观点列举型(选择型)There is a widespread concern over the issue that 作文题目.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that 观点一.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, 原因一.Furthermore, in the second place, 原因二.So it goes without saying that 观点一.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that 观点二.In their point of view, on the one hand，原因一.On the other hand, 原因二.Therefore, there is no doubt that观点二.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that观点一或二.It is not only because ______ but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.(2)利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)作文题目.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in 题目议题.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly,优点一.And secondly 优点二.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, 讨论议题.is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, 缺点一.In addition, 缺点二.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 讨论议题 into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the 讨论议题.(3)答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)作文题目.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, 途径一.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is 途径二.Above all, to solve the problem of 作文题目 , we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, 方法.(4)谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ 谚语 ” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means 谚语的含义.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is 例子一.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb 谚语.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: 谚语.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.提纲式作文

1． 对立观点式

A．有人认为X 是好事，赞成X，为什么？

B． 有人认为X 是坏事，反对X，为什么？

C．我的看法。

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do X.They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。

There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。

2． 批驳观点式

A．一个错误观点。

B． 我不同意。

Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。

There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief.But if we consider

it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。

3． 社会问题（现象）式

A．一个社会问题或者现象。

B． 产生的原因

C．对社会和我们生活的影响

D． 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话）

E． 前景的预测。

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。

There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。

X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表达）in the following aspects.参照辩论式议论文的写法。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.参照辩论式议论文的写法。

Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will „„..作文预测

预测一

1.现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象 2.保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性 3.作为一个大学生应该怎样做

Attend Your Classes Regularly Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes.And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over.Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers.In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly.First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning.That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study.Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers ,too.Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students.Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future.Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on.And some day we’ll benefit from it.点评：2008年元月三日，中山大学博士发帖称遭导师虐待；2008年元月四日，中国政法大学爆“杨帆门”事件；近几年，中小学老师或打学生或猥亵学生、体罚学生等各类新

闻不断曝光，进而引发了师生关系的大讨论。

预测二

1.学生给老师打分已经普遍 2.人们对其持不同态度 3.我的看法

Students’ Rating of Their Teachers Nowadays, it has become as common in colleges and universities for students to grade teachers as for teachers to grade students.In some universities students’ rating has even become the only source of information on teaching effectiveness..This, however, has caused great controversy.Some are in favor of the rating system, They hold that since students attend the teachers’ classes every day, they should have their opinion about their teachers’ effectiveness.Others, on the contrary, are strongly against it.They believe that there is much more to teaching than what is shown on students’ rating forms.Students should not be expected to judge whether the materials they use are up to date or how well the teacher knows about the subject.These judgments require professional knowledge, which is best left for the teachers’ colleagues.I think students’ rating of their teachers is necessary, but it should be conducted in a way that can really shed meaningful light on teachers’ performance.Instead of rating the teachers’ knowledge on the subject, students should be asked to estimate what they have learned in a course, and to report on such things as a teacher’s ability to communicate with students, his or her relationship with students, and his or her ability to arouse students’ interest in the subject.点评：越来越多的高校采取让学生给老师打分的形式来了解教学反馈，并以此作为促进教学质量的有效手段。对此做法，管理部门及教学双方褒贬不一，看法迥异。本预测题为校园生活热议话题，值得关注。

预测三

1.宿舍生活有时会出现不和谐的情况;2.一个和谐宿舍生活的必要性;3.如何创造和谐的宿舍生活。

On a Harmonious Dormitory Life Dormitory life is an indispensable part of college life.But sometimes the harmony in the dormitory be disturbed in one way or another.As is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and benefits all the members.On one hand, we can have a good rest and put our heart into study.On the other hand, we will have a good mood and enjoy being together.There are several ways to create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life.Firstly, you have to evaluate your life-style and try to get rid of your dirty habits, if there are any.Secondly, when an annoying situation arises, you’ll just have

to learn to tolerate each other and co-exist.Thirdly, you’ll have to share with each other and make good friends.In conclusion, we should try our best to build a harmonious dormitory life for the sake of good study and good life.点评：“和谐”成为我们当今社会词频概率最高用词，就社会而言，倡导建立和谐社会；就家庭而言，提倡建设和谐家庭；就校园来讲，则要建立和谐校园；和谐两字似乎无所不在，大学生宿舍生活同样需要和谐。本预测题与大学英语考试热点密切相关，又为典型的校园生活主题，值得关注。

预测四

假设你是一名学生志愿者，要给来你们学校参观的外国朋友介绍学校情况。内容应包括学校历史、规模、教学现状以及未来目标等。

A Brief Introduction to the University Distinguished guests, Welcome to our university.Before you start to look around, allow me to give you a brief account of the school.Founded in 1927, our university is one of this city’s earliest universities of liberal arts.It is staffed with an excellent faculty, and has a total enrollment of over 10,000 students.In the past years, it has turned out numerous well-qualified students and found its graduates active in professions of all walks of life.Since its establishment, the university has always steered itself toward the objective that its students have an overall healthy development.Not only does it provide the students with basic academic courses, but it manages to expose them to the up-to-date knowledge.Besides, students are free to participate in colorful campus activities and social practice, which are intended for broadening their mind and developing their potential talent.Currently, both our faculty and students are making every effort to improve the quality of our education in the direction of a first-rate university.Thank you.点评：近几年，随着我国顺利加入世贸组织以及经济全球化步伐的加快，许多国内高校纷纷与国外大学合作办学，教育走向国际化成为人们关注的热点，也是大学生门比较关心的热点问题。本预测题为热议校园生活话题，与2004年旅游景点介绍2006年考查的名校校园开放如出一辙。

预测五

假设你是李明, 你的一个朋友张伟准备到你所在的城市来旅游，但你有事不能接待。写封信给他，解释你不能接待的原因，并说明你所做的安排。

A Letter to a Friend Dear Zhang Wei, I’m glad to know that you are coming to my city during the summer vacation.However, I’m afraid there’s some bad news.I’m planning to take part in

an international conference to be held in another city during the time of your visit.All the top scientists in my field will show up at the conference.More importantly, I’m lucky enough to have been selected to give a speech on behalf of my research team at the Conference.I really can’t miss it.I understand that it’ll be your first time to this city and I’m your only friend here.I’ve asked my roommate to meet you at the airport, and you can stay in my room.He is a very nice person and he will show you around the city.Hope you two will get on well and have a nice holiday!Yours, Li Ming

点评：本预测题与2001年考查的A Letter to a Schoolmate 类似，所不同是写作提示有所不同，2001年作文题是写信对校友来度假表示欢迎并在信中提出建议和注意事项，而本预测题是对朋友来访不能接待，同时在信中说明原因及具体安排，内容不一，但话题相仿，写作思路相似，值得关注。

预测六

1． 有人认为大学里应独自生活

2． 另一些认为大学里应与别人同住 3． 你的看法

Living alone or Living with Roommates Nowadays, there has appeared a heated discussion among the college students as to whether they should live alone outside the campus or live together with other roommates in the students’ dormitory.Opinions are divided over the matter.Those who are in favor of Living alone maintain that it is very convenient to live by themselves.They can enjoy absolute freedom in a room of their own.They can have their own timetable without disturbing others.They are also free to equip the room with a personal computer so that they can have easy access to the Internet.But others argue that living with roommates has attractions of its own.With several students sharing the same room, each person’s experiences can be greatly enriched.They can learn a lot from talking to one another.By learning to tolerate the differences between individuals, they can become more mature.As far as I’m concerned, I prefer to live with roommates because I love the feeling of belonging.Besides, it is a lot cheaper to live in a dorm than to rent a apartment outside the campus.点评：本文与校园生活密切相关，也是近年来出现的现象，人们对此的看法各异，2003年后，作文考查加大了学校生活类题目的考查，因为这类题材不存在地域的差异，不同地域的同学都有话可说。本预测题即为校园生活类话题，符合命题者出题思路，值得引起重视。

预测七

1.广告的作用

2.广告的形式多样 3.广告的夸张性

Advertisement Advertisements are forcing their way into people’s lives.People refer to advertisements in their daily lives because they are consumers.The advertisers are usually manufacturers, retailers and salesmen.Their merchandise needs to be advertised to bring it to the attention to the customers.Thus nearly every product is advertised in some way.To a large extent, good advertising leads to success while bad advertising can mean failure.There are many ways to advertise and ‘ads’ come in different forms.Newspapers carry advertisements.Some products are publicized on TV and radio which bring them into notice of a wide audience.Billboards also carry advertising.Advertising is a big industry now and many agencies have been set up to furnish a variety of forms..However, advertising is not always truthful.A product is often misrepresented.The advertiser exaggerates the benefits of the merchandise he wants to sell.Thus, he misrepresents the truth.The consumer falls victim to such advertising.Millions of people have bought advertised products and have been dissatisfied with them。

点评：这是一篇说明文，用说明的表达方式来解说事物，阐明事理。写好说明文，不仅要抓住特征，注意条理，而且要巧妙运用说明方法，像下定义、举例子、作比较、分类别、列数字、打比方等。

预测八

假设你是李明，请你写一封信给校长，建议改善本校体育设施状况，内容应涉及体育设施对大学生的重要性，对目前学校体育设施的状况可以表扬，可以提出批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

A Letter to the President of the University Dear Mr.President, I am writing this letter to you to express my concern about the sports facilities on campus.I have noticed that our university has very limited resources in terms of opportunities to participate in sports, especially given that the number of students on campus is increasing every year.As we both know, sports are very important for the sound growth of young people.If they have access to quality sports facilities, young people are able to choose a healthier lifestyle, to boost self-esteem and confidence, and to build a positive outlook and sense of achievement.My proposal is to build a new sports area.It should be designed with soccer players, basketball players, and ping-pong players in mind.It should have a

different section for each activity and be available to students all year round.I believe such facilities will meet our sporting needs.Thank you for your reading this letter.Yours faithfully, Li Ming 点评：本预测题仿真度颇高，为校园生活话题，与在校大学生日常生活密切相关，是最近几年侧重考查的题材。2002年考查了就本校食堂状况给校长写一封信.预测九

1.近几年出现了大学生就业难的现象

2.产生这种现象的原因（如大学生追求的目标过高，专业不对口等）3.如何解决这一问题（改变就业观念，大学生再培训等）

College Students’ Job Hunting In recent years, college students find it increasingly difficult to get a job.It sounds strange since young college students are usually intelligent, well-educated phenomenon, aspirant and eager to bring their talent into full play.Then what underlies the strange phenomenon? There are several reasons for this.To begin with, nowadays college students aim too high.All they want are “good” jobs which could offer good salary, comfortable working conditions, high social status among others.Consequently, most college students are unwilling to accept vacant jobs they consider not “good” enough.Another reason is that there is a big gap between the majors some students study in school and the demands of vacant jobs.So companies think some students are not fit for the jobs.Solution to the problem requires efforts on both the society and the students.The companies should value the students, talent and knowledge while the latter should not merely aim at material gains.They should be down-to–earth in building up their career.Furthermore, they should face their weak points so as to improve themselves and be more competent.点评：本预测题为社会热点话题。近年来大学生就业难日益成为各级政府及社会各方面关注的焦点，媒体也广泛报道了大学生就业形势严峻，呼吁全社会共同努力；此外，该预测题也与大学生就业密切相关，也是大学英语考试作文选题重点之一。

预测十

１．在现代社会，城市交通问题变得越来越严重

２．城市交通问题的表现以及对人们生活的影响

３．解决的方法与措施

Traffic Jam

There is no doubt that traffic congestion becomes a growing worry for the residents of most urban areas.Some major roads are regularly choked with traffic in rush hours.The limited transport capacity contributes largely to the vexing problem.How to solve the headache?.The existing solutions to traffic jam mainly aim at creating metro bus systems and broadening major roads.Widening the existing roads can solve traffic snarls on some level.Soaring car ownership compounds the chronic annoying problem, so we must sharply reduce the heavy reliance on cars and drive a shift to the mass transportation.It is a cheap and good way.We can create a system of customized bus routes and highlight the development of subways, trolleys and light rail.The effective combination of these solutions will enable the urban areas to possess a smooth traffic.点评：交通话题一直是作文命题话题之一。1990年考查过How to solve the problem of Heavy Traffic,1994年考题 The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller也与交通有关，近年来，随着私家车的日益增多，城市交通拥堵凸显，出行难越来越成为人们关注的焦点。

预测十一

1.全球变暖对地球环境造成了很大影响 2.引起全球变暖的原因 3.我们需要采取的措施

Environmental Protection No one, regardless of race, religion or nationality, can deny that the world we live in is becoming increasingly intolerable because of the effects of global warming.According to many experts, even greater impacts are still on the way.There are numerous causes for this problem.On one hand, human-related emissions of carbon into the atmosphere is causing, and will in the future cause, significant global warming according to the theory.On the other hand, the lack of knowledge about the importance of protecting environment hinders the solving of the problem.It is urgent that immediate and effective actions should be taken right away.First, more trees need to be planted to help improve and beautify the environment.Besides, stricter laws concerning global warming and irresponsible use of fuel resources have to be put into effect and achieved good results.In a word, there is a long way to go before we can take a comfortable world for granted again.点评：环境问题也是作文命题重点话题之一。大学英语考试曾经考过Make our Cities Greener.近年来，全球气候异常，造成许多自然灾害的频繁，保护环境刻不容缓，已成为全社会乃至全人类共同关注的热点。

预测十二

1.越来越多的人使用信用卡，信用卡有哪些好处

2.信用卡的弊端 3.你自己的观点

Credit Cards Personal credit cards are becoming more common in China.Banks and other financial institutions are encouraging their customers to change the way they buy things.Credit cards, otherwise known as “plastic money”, are being offered on very good terms to encourage the change.Consumers will be able to “buy now, pay later”, and many see this as an advantage.But people need to be careful.There are dangers associated with credit cards.Some people find it very easy to exceed their budget.They are tempted to purchase goods that they do not really need, and can become quickly overburdened by debt.The credit cards often charge a high rate of interest, which exacerbates the problems for these people.However, used wisely credit cards can improve the quality of people’s lives.They can give people access to money to meet sudden unplanned expenses.Properly handled, they can let people control their expenditure and the monthly statements provide a record of where their money has gone.点评：这是一篇议论文，关于信用卡的利弊。可以分成三部分： 第一部分，信用卡的好处，比如说应急等；第二部分，信用卡的一些弊端，比如说鼓励一些无用的消费；第三部分：你自己的观点，理性使用。

预测十三

a)社会实践的作用 b)可能产生的问题 c)提出建议

Social Practice Social practice has been more and more popular in universities and colleges.Students are asked to enter society and get some idea of it.Surely social practice has many advantages.Firstly, social practice can offer students a chance to contact society and meet different kinds of people.In this way students can gain some valuable social experience, which will be useful to their future career.Secondly, students can apply what they have learned in class to practical work, thus knowing themselves more clearly.Thirdly, social practice can bring them some financial reward and make them more independent of their family.However, some problems may arise if no correct guidance is made.For example, some students get overly interested in social practice and want to work full-time and earn money, thus neglecting their studies.And some students are likely to get in touch with the dark side of society, which will affect their future studies.In order to carry out social practice smoothly, students should first know its objective.They should put their studies in the first place and see social practice just as a useful supplement, so they ought to try to strike a balance between

social practice and their studies.点评：本篇文章属于解释性说明文。就业市场的竞争要求大学生具有丰富的社会实践，才能适应就业市场的竞争，所以现在在校大学生参与社会实践活动频繁，但如何处理好学业和社会实践的关系成为人们关注的话题。本预测题与大学生生活密切相关，也是大学英语作文关注的重要话题。

预测十四

1． 心理健康问题往往是导致疾病的原因

2． 分析人们产生心理健康问题的原因(可从失业、压力过重、缺乏支持、缺乏人际交往能力等方面分析)3． 你认为人们应如何保持心理健康

How to Keep Psychologically Healthy? One in four people will experience some kind of mental problem in the course of a year.When you fail to manage these problems, they are likely to cause various mental illnesses.The cause of mental health problems often vary a lot from one case to another.In today’s society, a good number of people are suffering from heavy pressure.Others lack communication skills.In addition, a lot of people are ignorant of psychological knowledge about how to keep mentally fit.There are a lot of ways to curb mental health problems and keep psychologically healthy.Firstly, find the real cause of your mental health problem and see whether you can do something about it.Secondly, learn to relax yourself and take exercises to release the pressure.Lastly, you may find it helpful to talk to your partner or friend about your problem, or seek support and advice form a psychological consultant

点评：据报道北京高校100多万名在校大学生中，已经有14名自杀身亡。而去年全年，北京自杀死亡的学生为19人。社会对于大学生心理健康问题越来越关注，如何保持心理健康成为社会关注话题。本预测题与校园生活联系紧密，是考试关注度较高的话题，值得重视。

预测十五

1.现在某些高校校园禁止车辆驶入，2.这种规定的考虑，3.谈谈你的看法。

Should cars be allowed into College Campus? With the rapid development of our national economy, private cars have become in large number;of course, quite a few cars are heavily driven into College Campus.In a significant way, these cars do not take up students’ places for study, but actually affect their daily life and study--for instance, this crowd of cars may make noise and emit filthy gas to choke us to death.And the campus is jammed

with lines of cars and seems to be parking lot instead of an academic institute.So cars have been strictly prohibited into many College Campuses.It seems that this is not convenience to some persons, indeed, but this is for the sake of our safety.Thus when someone enjoys convenience from modern tools, don't forget that it is dangerous to the students in the College Campus.Therefore, I agree that cars are not allowed into College Campus.By and large, with the price of cars falling significantly, cars will enter average families, and most Chinese will enjoy a luxurious lifestyle in their life.However, they are still prohibited to drive their cars into College Campus, which , I think, is a hard truth in the eyes of most people.点评：随着人们物质生活的提高，私家车发展迅猛，越来越多的私家车停放在校园，由此产生了一些问题，如空间被占、噪音污染、环境污染等，为此许多学校禁止车辆驶入校园，本预测题与2006年名校校园是否对外开放相仿，值得关注。

预测十六

1.信息安全问题日益重要

2.信息安全事故可能导致的危害 3.如何做到信息安全

Information Security The human beings are stepping into the information society.The information industry develops very rapidly, so do the hackers, trick-playing teens, exploring children, fraudsters, and serious white-collar criminals.Thus, information security becomes an impending important issue.In case of information breach, the victims—government department, an organization or an institution, or a company will inevitably suffer great or small loss.Government may be threatened with national security.Companies may lose opportunities to develop new projects.And the public’s and users’ confidence will be damaged.Then how to deal with this issue? Technology is only a partial solution to information security.What’s more important is that organizations and companies should promote the awareness on information security to its staff.However, since no system can ever be 100 percent secure, a prevention-only approach to information security management is not enough.Companies and organizations should adopt a dual approach to information security management by combing prevention and detection techniques.点评：随着我们步入信息社会和计算机应用的普及，利用计算机犯罪案件不断上升，信息安全事故频繁发生，媒体也不时有大量相关报道，如何保护信息安全成为人们关注的焦点，本预测题为社会热点，值得关注。

预测十七

1.简要介绍自己并说明应征该职位

2.告知公司为什么对此感兴趣 3.简述你为何是合适人选

An Application Letter Dear Sir or Madam, I am Li Ming, a would-be graduate from Ninjing University.My major is English.Through the job advertisement, I have learned that you are hunting a qualified individual for a personal secretary to the General Manager of your esteemed company.I am fully convinced that I am the right person for the job.I realize that my future boss is extremely busy.However, it is exactly the challenge of my prospective position that attracts me.I am sure that my honesty, carefulness,patience,expertise , commitment and extensive knowledge will produce an excellent job performance.Next month, I am going to graduate from the English Department of Nanjing University, and I have over two years of secretarial experience.I have enclosed the details of my academic record, skills, and language abilities.Thank you for your time in considering my application.Yours Sincerely, Li Ming

点评：本文属于书信体应用文，要求写一封求职信。找工作是命题作文关注的话题之一，2001年和1995年都考查了求职面试的话题，本预测题要求写一封求职信，既与求职话题相关，又是书信体作文，符合大学英语作文命题思路和考查重点。

预测十八

1． 一些学生赞成讲座式教学 2． 另一些学生偏爱讨论式教学 3． 你的看法

Lectures and Discussions There is a heated debate over the role of lectures and discussions in the classroom.Some people believe that lectures can help students learn more quickly.In contrast, others hold that discussions can stimulate students to learn by themselves.Those who hold the first opinion suggest that students attend more lectures.In their view, by giving lectures teachers help students master the knowledge they’ve accumulated over years of study and research.However, others think that in a discussion, the teacher usually guides the students instead of dominating them.They argue that to get involved in a discussion, students have to develop their ability to analyze problems independently.In my opinion, I stand on the side of neither idea.First of all, either method has its disadvantages.Furthermore, each student has his or her preference.Thirdly，lectures ate preferable to discussions in the teaching of science subjects, and on the contrary, discussions are preferable to lectures in studying the humanities.Therefore, we should adopt different teaching methods according to different subjects.点评：2007年考查了大学生选修课话题，再次证明作文命题自2003年以后侧重于校园生活话题，该预测与校园生活联系紧密，为作文命题经常关注的话题。本文属于对比观点加作者态度型的议论文写作。

预测十九

1.目前网络教育形成热潮

2.你认为这股热潮形成的原因 3.你对网络教育的评价

My View on Online Education.Being online is no longer something new or fresh in our life.To some extent, it has become part of our daily life.We can do a lot of things online, such as searching for information and communicating with friends far away.But recently another helpful online activity has become very “in”.That is online education.Why could online education be so popular within such a short period of time? Among other reasons, the quick development of the Internet should be an essential one, which makes all our dreams of attending class in the distance possible.Another underlying reason is the quick development of both society and technology.Today, modern science and technology is developing with fantastic speed.To catch up with this development we all feel an urgent and strong desire to study.However, due to the great pace of modern society, many people are too busy to study full time at school.Online education just comes to their aid.Personally, I appreciate this new form of education.It’s indeed a helpful complement to the traditional educational means.It can provide different learners with more flexible and versatile ways of learning.Best of all, with online education, we can stick to our jobs and at the same time study and absorb the latest knowledge.点评：英特网的迅速发展改变了人们的生活和学习、工作方式，现代生活节奏快、工作忙导致人们没时间全日制的学习，网络和远程教育正好满足了人们的学习需要，许多大学生利用因特网学习知识，它成为传统教学的有益补充。本预测题贴近时代，也与大学生校园生活相关，值得重视。

预测二十

1． 中国的污染的现状 2． 造成污染的原因 3． 解决的办法

Pollution: An Increasing Concern in China It is reported that ten big cities in China are being ranked among the top

twenty cities with the highest pollution index in the world.This means it is high time we did something to bring the situation under control.Many factors are contributing to the deteriorating situation: industrial wastes pumped into the air, the lakes and rivers;a increasing number of automobiles crowding into the streets;the widespread use of plastic bags etc.To my view, stiffer laws and regulations must be implemented to check pollution.Industries that release wastes without permission should be heavily fined.Cars should be equipped to minimize the exhaust they release into the air.And the use of plastic bags and disposable meal boxes should be banned.What’s more, the media should play an important role in implanting a sense of environmental consciousness into people’s mind.If everybody works toward a common goal of making the environment better, we can create a cleaner and lovelier world for us and for the coming generation.点评：该预测题为社会热点话题，也是命题作文经常关注的环境问题，值得引起重视。本文属于解释性说明文的写作，主题是“污染”。

预测二十一

1.表明你的身份和事件

2.对到场领导老师的支持予以感谢并阐述体育运动所带给大家的好处 3.宣布运动会开幕并预祝此次运动会取得成功.An Opening Speech Ladies and Gentlemen, Good morning!I am Oscar, the spokesman of the Students’ Union.On behalf of the Students’ Union, the main organizer of today’s sports meeting, I welcome you all to the beautiful stadium.After two months’ preparation, our annual sports meeting is held on schedule.Thanks to the support and help from our school leaders and teachers.Though they have many school responsibilities, they have taken time off to take part in our sports activities.Let’s give them a big hand.Through sports, we can not only develop our physical prowess, but also promote social and emotional skills, and even intellectual skills, which will matter in our future lives substantially.So hope everybody here cherish this opportunity and enjoy it.At last, best wishes for the success of the sports meeting and best wishes for the good results of our athletes.It is my pleasure to announce the open of the sports meeting.Thank you and good luck!

点评：本预测题是一篇开幕词，与2005年竞选学生会主席演说词相仿，运动会也是在校大学生校园生活必不可少的一部分，是在校生比较熟悉的话题，有话可说，便于发挥。

模 板

一.图表分析型

1.开头段: 描述图表

As is clearly depicted in the graph, „„

For one thing, „.For another,„why are there such sharp contrasts during these years? 2.中间段: 分析原因

Three reasons, in my opinion, can account for this phenomenon.First and foremost, „„ In the second place, „„.Last but not least, „„ 3.结尾段:预测未来 From the above analysis, we have enough reasons to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the table will(not)continue for quite a long time.二.利弊型

1.开头段:阐述现象

Nowadays, people in growing numbers show their concern about„ It’s generally agreed that it has plenty of advantages, but in the meantime it also gives rise to a host of problems.2.中间段:分析利弊

On the one hand,„has benefited us in many aspects.On the other hand, with all these advantages, it also brings us some trouble.3.结尾段:发表作者的观点 On the whole, its merits far outweigh its demerits.Different people may have different attitudes towards it.But we should do our utmost to change its negative aspects into positive ones.三.观点对比论证型 1.开头段:阐述现象

„has become a heated topic among people.Opinions vary from person to person.2.中间段:阐述支持和反对的观点 Some people assume that„

On the contrary, some others take an opposite side, firmly believing that„ 幻灯片13 3.结尾段:发表作者的观点

There is probably some truth in both arguments.From my point of view, it is urgent for us to take effective measures to maximize its advantages and minimize its disadvantages.Of the steps that we can take, to make the public realize its complex is of most importance, for consciousness is the precondition of action.补充 : Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer the former/latter opinion.For one thing,„For another, „Considering these, I may reasonably conclude that„

四.问题解决型

1.开头段: 阐述现象

There has been recently a discussion about„ For instance, „These have generated a great deal of harm.2.中间段: 说明危害性

To begin with,...Furthermore, „.last but not least,„ To sum up , it’s really high time that effective measures should be taken in view of the seriousness of the issue.3.结尾段: 解决问题

But how can we„?As far as I’m concerned, it’s everyone’s business to fight against it.For one thing,..For another,„Therefore, I’m sure, with everyone doing his bit, we will change the present situation for the better.五.道理论证型

1.开头段: 解释谚语/道理

The well-known proverb “„..” has long been accepted by all of us.The truth is self-evident and profound.It tells us that „„ 2.中间段: a.举例例证

There are numerous examples supporting this argument.Let’s take „ as an example.Another good case in point is(that„)

b.采取“有之如何，没有又如何” 的写作思路

„plays a pivotal role in one’s entire life.Naturally, anyone who is in possession of„ is likely to overcome the obstacles which are inevitable in one’s way to success.However, there are a great number of people lacking „.For them, it is tough to crack the hard nuts and deal with the challenges.And any minor barrier tends to be a factor that leads to their final failure.3.结尾段: a.总结

Judging from the examples given above, we may come to the conclusion that „.So why not put what you are learning into practice? b.主张公众应该明白这个道理

Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take some measures to enhance the public awareness.We should bear in mind that„is of great significance to(both our society and)ourselves.Every one should „Only in this way can we achieve success(and only in this way can our society become more harmonious to live in.)

第五篇：2011英语专转本应用文练习题

应用文写作练习题

Practice A

1.嘉欣刚刚从国外回来。在她出国期间，好友刘博雅给她年迈的母亲以无微不至的照顾。为了表示谢意，周日送来了礼物——一架小摄像机。但此刻好友不在家，请写张留言条。

2.曲敏收到贺春雨小姐三本书、一台电脑，时间是2005年9月12日，请写一张收条。

3.请假条：周航告诉布莱克先生因为头疼需请假2天，附上医生证明，时间是12月22日周一。

4.于磊今日从阅览室借了三本杂志,答应一周之内还回来，请写张借条。

Practice B

1.校长办公室通知：明天是植树节，天气暖和，学生去公园植树。早上七点整在公园门口集合，中午在那里吃饭，请带好水和食物。

2.我校学生要为来访的美国朋友举办一个晚会，欢迎大家参加。组织者：学生会；时间：4月25日晚7：30；地点：主楼会议厅；内容：音乐、舞蹈、唱歌、交换小礼品。

Practice C

假如你叫张明，24岁，毕业于湖北大学英语系，口语好，曾当过两年英语导游，想找一份英文秘书的工作，爱好音乐和旅游，家庭地址是北京市东城区128号,电话：010-87264577。请写一份个人简历和求职信。

Practice D

1.假定你叫李敏，王教授上周一到你们公司为新员工传授经验及提出建议，请给他写封感谢信。

2.因为有个亲戚要从北京来看你，所以你无法参加Susan举办的晚会，请给她写封道歉信。

3.张教授是外国文学方面的专家。请你以学校学生会的名义给她写一封邀请函，请她到你们学校在关于外国文学影响的学术研讨会（academic seminar)上发言。

（1）时间地点：2006年4月5日上午9点，图书馆5楼

（2）希望得到他的尽快回复。

参考范文： Practice A

1.A Note for Presenting a gift

SundayDear Boya,I came to see you, but you were out.Please accept this little present, a camera and thank you very much for the kind services you gave to my old mother when I was not at home.I hope you will be pleased with it.All my best wishes.Yours,Susan

2.A Receipt

Sept.12, 2005Received from Miss He Chunyu the following items:Three booksOne computer

Qu Min

3．Ask for sick leave

Dec.22nd,MondayMr.Black,I am terribly sorry that I will be unable to go to work because of my toothache.I want to ask for a 2 days’ sick leave.Encl.: Doctor’s certificate

Zhou Hang

4.An I.O.U.Form

Mar.9, 2006Borrowed from library three magazines, I promise to return the books within one week.Yu Lei

Practice B 1.Notice

Tomorrow is Tree Planting Day.It is warm.The students will plant trees in the park.We will meet at the park gate at 7:00 in the morning.We will have lunch there.Please bring some water and food with you.Headmaster Office May 4, 20052.Notice

The Students Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening, April 25th, to welcome our friends from the United States.The party will be held in the Meeting Hall of the Main Building.It will begin at 7:30p.m..There will be music, dancing, singing and exchanging of gifts.The Students Union

PracticeC 1.Resume

Resume

Zhang Ming

No.128 Dongcheng District

BeijingTel: 010-87264577 Work Experience

Working as a guide in English for two years Education

2000-2004:English Department, Hubei University Hobbies

Music, traveling

Language ProficiencyFluent in oral English Job Objective

to work as a English secretary

2.Letter of application

P.O BOX 108

BeijingApril 8, 2006

P.O BOX 2208 Beijing

Dear manager,I have learnt from China Daily that a secretary of English language is wanted in your company.I’d like to take this job.My name is Zhang Ming, a girl of 24.I have been working as a guide in English since I graduated from the English Department, Hubei University two years ago.I think I will take more pleasure in the job of secretary.I can speak English as well as Chinese.I want very much to be accepted by your company.I will work hard for your company.Thank you.Yours sincerely, Zhang Ming

Practice D

1.Letter of Thanks Dear Prof.Wang,Thank you for attending our meeting last Monday and for sharing your suggestion and experience with our new employees.Our group found your suggestion and recommendation extremely helpful.We hope we can return the favor sometime in the future.Thank you again.Sincerely yours,Li Min

2.Letter of apology Dear Susan,I am very sorry that I won’t be able to attend your evening party because a relative of mine from Beijing will visit me.Please accept my apologies, and I am confident that you will fully understand me.Sincerely yours,Kate

3.Invitation letter Dear Prof.Zhang,As an expert on foreign literature, you are very well-known among our students.On behalf of our school, I am inviting you to give a talk at the academic seminar about the influence of the foreign literature.The seminar will be held at 9:00 a.m., April 5,2006, on the fifth floor of the library.We could be most grateful if you would accept our invitation.Hope to hear from you soon.Sincerely yours,The Student Union