第一篇：奥巴马肢体语言
奥巴马的肢体语言分析（组图）
马英九同志在接受CNN专访时说了一句“永远不会要求美国人民为台湾而战(We will never ask Americans to fight for Taiwan)”，竟然引起轩然大波，蓝绿双方围绕“never”一词唇枪舌剑。由此可见，政治人物一举手、一投足都要小心为妙，肯定不能像小沈阳，台上台下地乱跑一气。
在这方面，林黛玉和奥巴马都做得不错。林黛玉在贾府“步步留心，时时在意，不肯轻易多说一句话，多行一步路，唯恐被人耻笑了他去”。上个月，核安全峰会在美国首都华盛顿举行，47个国家的领导人或代表出席了此次会议。美国总统奥巴马在欢迎这些国家的领导人时的肢体语言堪称教科书，值得政治人物“Good good study，day day up”。
1.法国总统萨科齐身材矮小，这显然是奥巴马展现男人胸怀的绝佳时机。请注意，奥巴马的一只手放在萨科齐的肩上。
2.阿根廷女总统克里斯蒂娜-费尔南德斯-德基什内尔雍容华贵，浑身散发着女人的魅力——这显然是奥巴马展现怜香惜玉柔情一面的绝佳时机。请注意，奥巴马的一只手搭在克里斯蒂娜的膀子上。
3.紧握右手，面对镜头笑容灿烂，英国外交大臣戴维-米利班德与奥巴马似乎要给外界留下这样的印象：见到对方非常高兴。
4.与意大利人见面，手势示意看来必不可少。奥巴马在欢迎意大利总理贝卢斯科尼时，便将这一礼仪演绎得恰到好处。
5.虽然在世界政坛素有“铁娘子”之称，德国总理默克尔还是很愿意与奥巴马来个贴面礼，以示亲密。
6.由于身高存在明显差异，韩国总统李明博最终只能紧紧抓住奥巴马一只胳膊，将下巴伏在他的肩膀上，而奥巴马此时的姿势就好象是在抱着个婴儿。
7.由于身高差距太大，贴面亲吻只能屈膝，这种情况下，奥巴马选择俯身与菲律宾女总统阿罗约握手以示尊重。
8.奥巴马向中国国家主席胡锦涛“鞠躬”，在美国引起争议，其中一个原因是，他似乎忘了中国武术的精髓：永远不要将目光从对手身上移开。
9.奥巴马或许忘了，梅德韦杰夫的前任可是一位柔道黑带高手，他看上去想要出人意料给俄罗斯总统来个过臀摔（hip throw）。
10.在欢迎南非总统祖马时，奥巴马将一只手轻轻地放在他的后背，虽然如此，这一肢体语言看上去绝对颇具男子汉气魄。
11.奥巴马在与印度总理辛格握手时，刻意保持了一定的距离，从而为最后时刻的问候留下空间。
12.在欢迎巴西总统卢拉时，奥巴马表情严肃，好像是在安慰后者，或许，他此刻想起里约热内卢近来爆发的灾难性洪水
第二篇：肢体语言
肢体语言在职业学校英语教学中的作用
摘要：随着语言教学和语言学习方法改革的持续推进,对于英语教师用英语组织教学创设鲜活的语言学习环境的要求越来越高,然而由于职业学校学生英语基础普遍欠佳,词汇量相对匮乏,这就要求老师必须通过面部表情和肢体语言,来简化教学语言,本文将探讨肢体语言在职业学校英语教学中运用的可行性和效果。
关键词：肢体语言；英语课堂；职业学校学生；英语教学；语言教学
一、肢体语言教学的概念
所谓肢体语言（body language），是指经由身体的各种动作，代替语言藉以达到表情达意的沟通目的。肢体语言包括所有人类的交流方式，超越了书面和话语所表达的所有词汇。狭义言之，它只包括身体与四肢所表达的意义；广义言之，肢体语言也包括面部表情在内。在这里我们强调的是广义的意义，通过它可观察口语以外所呈现的潜在感受，通常是意识的举动。根据研究资料表明，在信息的传达中，说一句话只表达了要表达内容的百分之七，声音占百分之三十八，那剩下的百分之五十五是来自说话者的姿态、表情、动作等[1]。肢体语言教学法简称T.P.R.(Total Physical Response)，即课堂上不需中文翻译，学生通过教师的肢体动作来理解[2]。
二、肢体语言在英语教学中的重要性
众所周知，课堂教学是学生学习英语最重要的方式之一，在教学活动中，老师通常是以说话及写黑板的方式将想要传授的课本知识表达给学生，但这种教学方式太死板，无法引起学生的兴趣。心理学研究表明，长时间地保持同一姿态会使人产生厌倦，而一旦学生产生厌倦感，那他上课就会情绪低落，注意力不集中。那么，如何激发学生的学习兴趣呢？就需要采取新的教学手段，而肢体语言的运用就是其中的一种。
在课堂教学中，教师的表情、动作、眼神、站势、服饰等非语言现象发出的信号，都是无声的肢体语言。他们是教师课堂中能否吸引学生注意力的前提条件。一位心理学家曾指出：无声语言所显示的意义要比有声语言多得多，甚至还可以表达出自然有声语言难于表达的思想感情。因此教师要恰当运用肢体语言为教学服务。我们看舞蹈表演，从演员的服饰、表情、动作中，解读它蕴含的意义，受到美的熏陶。老师也像演员，天天在三尺讲台上演出，学生在从教师的肢体语言中学到知识的同时也得到一种美的享受。当然老师和演员的演出截然不同，老师肢体语言要求适度，否则会影响课堂教学效果。现在一些教师特别是青年教师，对肢体语言的作用没引起足够的重视，课堂上各种肢体语言随意性强，控制不好，对学生的品行培养和教学效果带来不少影响。心理学家通过实验得出这样的结论:学生获取信息的效果=7%的文字+38%的音调+55%的面部表情及动作。由此可知，肢体语言在我们的日常生活中具有很大的重要性。
三、职业学校英语教学的特点
（1）《中等职业学校英语课程教学基本要求》中明确指出，职业教育培养的是技术、生产、等领域的中等技能型专门人才。英语课程强调打好语言基础和培养语言应用能力并重。所以，高职英语就要适当降低英语阅读能力的要求，加强听说能力的培养，以适应应用型技术性人才职业岗位的特点。作为教学工作者，应该意识到英语教学课程不仅仅是一门知识型学科，在教学过程中不应只注重如何培养学生接受语言知识的能力，而更应注重培养学生的积极思维能力和运用英语进行交际的能力。
（2）目前，职业学校学生入学时英语水平参差不齐，英语基础相对薄弱，语言实践运用能力不强，普遍缺乏端正的学习态度和必备的文化素质，对学习、教师抱有不满情绪，不愿甚至不能配合老师的正常教学。但是，高职学生都是十几岁的年轻人，他们活泼好动，思维敏捷，接受新事物的能力很强。所以，英语教学就要求课堂上打破传统教学的常规。而要改变沉闷的局面，达到应用的目的，最好的方法就是让课堂“活”起来[3]。
四、肢体语言在课堂组织教学中的运用
教师不仅要懂得课堂教学规律，掌握一定的教育学、心理学知识，还必须关注每一位学生，运用一定的组织艺术，努力调动学生的有意注意，激发学生的情感，使学生在愉快、轻松的心境中全身心地投入到学习中去。
肢体语言在职业学校英语课堂中的运用比在其他学科中的运用更具有发展空间，现在一种比较流行的英语教学法TPR教学法，即全身反应教学法，这种教学在很大程度上要依赖于肢体语言的合理运用。
我在课堂教学中总结出了以下的几种方法：
（一）声音控制法：声音控制法指教师通过语调、音量、节奏和速度的变化，来引起和控制学生的注意。例如，当教师从一种讲话速度变到另一种速度时，已分散的注意力会重新集中起来。在讲解中适当加大音量，也可以起到加强注意和突出重点的作用。我们常做的高低声游戏就是利用了这个原理。
比如，在重点内容的教授中，我会适当的提高我的音量，放慢我的语速，学生就理解了，这个时候老师讲到重点了，要凝神了！
再如，在讲习题的时候，老师激情飞扬，热情高涨，学生不自觉的就被老师所吸引，被老师的情绪所感染。我经常讲的很投入，可以说手舞足蹈，学生被我的情绪所感染，枯燥的讲授也显得那么的活泼、生动。
（二）表情控制法：丰富的表情变化也可以起到控制学生注意力的作用。教师的表情表达对学生的暗示、警告和提示，也可以表达期待、鼓励、探询、疑惑等情感。教师面部表情、头部动作、手势及身体的移动也传递着丰富的信息，有助于沟通师生间的交流，调控学生的注意力。
班里有个学生，上学期的成绩不是特别的好，但是这学期有明显的进步，只是偶尔课上还是会做点小动作，这个时候，我就朝他摇摇头，并用表情进行警告，他很快就领会我的意思，“坐”的相当好！
（三）停顿吸引法：适当的停顿，能够有效地引起学生的注意力，可以产生明显的刺激对比效应。喧闹中突然出现的寂静，可以紧紧抓住学生的注意力。一般来说，停顿的时间以三秒左右为宜。这样的停顿足以引起学生的注意。停顿时间不可过长，长时间停顿反而会导致学生注意力涣散。
课堂中经常会有学生管不住自己的嘴巴，和同桌偶尔讲几句话，通常这个时候，我会停下来，望着他们，课堂很快安静下来，这时候讲话的同学也会意识到全班都在等他们，这样不用一句话就能使课堂保持安静！
（四）目光注视法：教师的目光注视可以在学生中引起相关的心理效应，产生或亲近或疏远或尊重或反感的情绪，进而影响教学效果。因此，教学可以巧妙地运用目光注视来组织英语课堂教学。如开始上课时，教师用亲切的目光注视全体同学，使学生情绪安定下来，愉快地投入学习。再如，课上有学生注意力不集中，教师可以用目光注视提醒学生注意听讲等。
（五）手势示意法：在英语课上，有的学生自控能力差，会交头接耳。面对这种情况，教师可以用双手向他们做出一个暂停的动作或将食指按住嘴唇做出安静的表示，以示意这部分学生保持安静或终止违纪行为。
五、肢体语言在知识教学中的运用
（一）在音标教学中，可以运用肢体语言，优化教学。
教师在字母教学时，如果枯燥地领读、跟读，学生很快感到厌烦。教师应尽可能多地用手势表示大小写字母，有时还可发挥学生的想象力，让学生想象怎样用手势表示音标，学生的兴趣会很高。
（二）在单词教学中，可以运用肢体语言，优化教学。
在教单词时可边做动作边教单词。如在教到book时，教师可边教读单词边做读书的样子，学生边做动作边念单词，多种感官并用，增强记忆；再如，教active时做出兴奋的样子；教tall时，可用手做出很高的样子；在教old时，可以用手做出抓胡子的动作，表示很老的样子，等在教单词时可边做动作边教单词。如教到car时，教师可边教读单词边用双手做握方向盘状，学生边做动作边念单词，多种感官并用，增强记忆；再如，教rabbit时可做兔子跳的动作；教bike时，可做骑自行车的动作；等等。在巩固生词教学时，利用肢体语言，同样可达到满意的效果。如巩固jump,run,sleep等单词时，教师可让一个学生做跳的动作，其余学生答jump；一个学生跑，其余学生答run；一个学生做睡觉动作，其余学生答sleep。还可倒过来，让一个学生说单词，其余的学生做动作；这些方法都能极大地提高学生学习英语的兴趣。
（三）在巩固生词、词组教学时，利用动作和神态，同样可达到满意的效果。
如教Let’s go的时候，可以大手一挥大声的说，这样学生的积极性就被调动起来了。如动作性词组，可以让学生上讲台来做，或者上面的学生做，下面的学生说，课堂气氛很快就活跃起来了！在课堂中运用这些方法都能极大地提高学生学习英语的兴趣。
总之，肢体语言是用以同外界交流感情的全身或部分身体的反射性或非反射性动作,包括手势、头部动作、面部表情、眼睛动作和装饰用品。Cooper说:“非语言交际对教师至关重要。研究表明,教师如果学会了如何在课堂上更有效地运用肢体语言,师生之间的关系就会得到改善。不仅如此,学生的认识能力和学习效率也会提高。”一个成功的教师在课堂教学中不只是利用语言手段,他(她)还会借助于手势、身势、面部表情等肢体语言来取得最佳的教学效果。教师课堂体语在课堂教学中的功能和作用越来越为人们所重视。职业学校英语内容简单，但学生大多基础较差，因此教起来却不太容易。美国心理学家通过实验得出这样的结论：信息的效果＝7％的文字＋38％的音调＋55％的面部表情及动作。可见形体语言是有声语言的重要补充。在教学过程中，教师应针对小学生的年龄特点和心理特点，采取形象、生动、新奇、有趣的方法进行教学，会产生事半功倍的效果。参考文献 寒天.中小学课堂教学艺术.延边人民出版社.2 教育心理学.人民教育出版社。3 刘宏武．新课程的教学方法选择[M]．中央民族大学出版社，2004.4 张秦中.张江毅．课堂教学中体态语言的运用[J]．商洛师范专科学校学，1997。王道俊.王汉澜．教育学[M]．北京人民教育出版社，2000． 6 何广铿.《英语教学法基础》，济南大学出版社.7 古学良.《英语教学的基础技能训练》，杭州大学出版社，1998.8 张冠林.《英语语言练习手册》，外语教学于研究出版社.9 赖新元.《教师的课堂管理艺术》，吉林大学出版社，2007.10.10 寒天.中小学课堂教学艺术.延边人民出版社.11 教育心理学.人民教育出版社.
第三篇：奥巴马2008就职演讲语言分析
obama inaugural speech language features 关于奥巴马就职演说词语言特色的分析_句子结构 时间：2011-06-18 08:52:51 来源：句子结构 作者：秩名
论文导读:：这也正是政治演说通常带有明显的宗教色彩的原因。关于奥巴马就职演说词语言特色的分析。论文关键词：就职演说修辞手段，宗教色彩，句子结构
总统大多在美国历史上占有特殊地位，其演说亦各具特色。二百多年来，从乔治.华盛顿到巴洛克.奥巴马，总统们通过就职演说表达其美好希望和英雄梦想，展示其雄才大略和施政纲领。因此，很多的就职演说词不仅仅是总统个人忠诚与热情、风度与智慧的生动写照，更是美国民族社会与历史、经济与文化的壮丽画卷，值得鉴赏和学习。
作为美国的第四十四任总统句子结构，巴洛克.奥巴马就任之际正逢全国性的经济危机，其就职演说不可避免的也会起到表达这位新晋总统的政治思想和增加公众对于政府的信心的作用。本文将从修辞手段的运用，句子类型以及宗教特色等多方面就这篇就职演说词的语言特色进行分析。
一． 修辞特色
总统就职演说的主要目的是通过宣传本届政府的主要政策以唤起民众的热情，使民众认可新政府并加以支持。各类修辞手段的运用将会使得演说更加生动和具有说服力，以达到上述目的。
1.排比的运用 ? for us, they packed up their few worldly possessions „for us,they toiled in sweatshops„for us, they fought and died„ ?the capital was abandoned.the enemy was advancing.the snow wasstained with blood.2.反复的运用
在现代英语中，反复（repetition）通常被用来表达强烈的感受，展示压抑的情感或是强调某物的重要性（胡曙中，1993）。在奥巴马的就职演说词中，有多个词如“危机”等被反复使用。具体分析如下：
通过分析上表可以看出，总统在演说中多次提到我们以及表示危机、精神和奋斗等意义的词语。通过反复的强调，使整个国家的听众感受到总统战胜危机、继续推进国家发展的决心和信心。在演说词中，较之于对“threat”的轻蔑语气，奥巴马更青睐“work”一词，这也清楚而且强烈的表达出了他对于当前国家经济状况的政治态度和决心。与其他词相比，“we”是使用次数最多的一个单词。在这一个个的我们当中，听众感受到与演说者的一种强烈的亲密联系，整个国家仿佛一个紧密团结的整体，应当共同努力、共同奋斗以及共同前行。由此，演说的目的也就达到了。3.头韵的运用
有魅力的语言是一定是充满韵律的。头韵是英语语音修辞手段之一,它蕴含了语言的音乐美和整齐美,使得语言声情交融、音义一体,具有很强的表现力和感染力.它指的是在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感（熊莉句子结构，2004）。
每种文体的写作都要考虑文字读起来是否流畅和有节奏，总统的演讲稿也不能例外。恰当的运用压头韵的修辞手段，将会是的演说词的语言抑扬顿挫、富有节奏感，从而起到感染气氛和增强效果的作用。
二．宗教特色
宗教是西方文化不可或缺的组成部分。在历次的就职演说中，总统们通常都会希望借助上帝的力量使得他们的演说更加充满吸引力和感染力。这也正是政治演说通常带有明显的宗教色彩的原因。奥巴马在他的就职演说中，多次直接引用圣经中的句子来表达其政治观点，目的在于使得本次演说更加具有说服力，鼓励民众树立对新政府迎战危机、重建更美好未来的信心。
the god-given promise that all are equal,all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure ofhappiness.? we are a nation of christians and muslims,jews and hindus-and non-believers...’ in this sentence, the presidents standis shown by mentioning most of the main religious believes in the usa , whichwould benefit the unity of the different religious believers and the lesseningof religious conflicts.?...with eyes fixed onthe horizon and god’s grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift offreedom and delivered it safely to future generations.在就职演说的最后，奥巴马总统祈求上帝的赐福，号召民众将上帝所赋予人类的自由之权世代相传，无所畏惧迎战一切困难。三．句式结构
与日常会话、广告词和新闻报道等不同，总统就职演说在句式结构上也有独特的要求中国论文下载中心。在演讲中，陈述句居多，而一般很少使用疑问句，原因是虽然疑问句会使得演讲的语言生动，但同时也会削弱演说的严肃性句子结构，因而降低演说的信服力（熊莉，2004）。
恰当的运用祈使句可以使得演说具有极强的号召力。巴洛克.奥巴马就任之际恰逢美国身处经济危机的关键时刻，为达到鼓励民众为经济复兴而努力奋战的目的，很显然对于当前形势轻描淡写的描述肯定是不够的。在这种情况下，他的就职演说必须具备足够的吸引力和号召力，才能够挽回濒临对政府失去信任边缘的民众的心。
巴拉克.奥巴马总统是一位十分具有演说才能的总统，他的就职演说更是取得了巨大的成功。这篇就职演说无论在阐述观点还是文字修饰方面都颇具功力，具有很高的政治价值和文学价值。由于演说词庄重严肃的独特语境,虽然这篇演说是通过口头方式进行表达的,却具有较强的书面语特征。本文通过对其就职演说在修辞手法、宗教色彩和句子结构特点等语言特色方面的分析，意在指出修辞手段的熟练运用，对演说词的文体特征的准确把握以及此演说富有的浓郁的宗教色彩都使它成为英文政治演说中的成功之作,不仅具有很高的欣赏价值,而且顺利地达到了总统就职演说的政治目的。
参考文献
黄任，英语修辞与写作[m ]。上海:上海外语教育出版社 ,1996。
胡曙中，英汉修辞比较研究[m]。上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1993。
胡曙中，英语修辞学[m]。上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2001。
熊莉，从就职演说词看肯尼迪演说的文体风格[j]。西南民族大学学报:人文社科版, 2004,(6)。王佐良,丁旺道。英语文体学引论[m]。北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1987。
徐振忠，英语政治演说词的宗教色彩[j]。《现代外语》,1995,(3)。
姓名：段学雯
文章字数：3000图表：1个篇二：obamma奥巴马2008就职演说逐句翻译 my fellow citizens: 同胞们： i stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.i thank president bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.我今天站在这里，深感面前使命的重大，深谢你们赋予的信任，并铭记我们前辈所付的代价。我感谢布什总统对国家的贡献以及他在整个过渡阶段给予的大度合作。forty-four americans have now taken the presidential oath.the words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.yet, every so often, the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms.at these moments, america has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the people have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebearers, and true to our founding documents.至此，有四十四个美国人发出总统誓言。这些字词曾在蒸蒸日上的繁荣时期和宁静安详的和平年代诵读。但是间或，它们也响彻在阴云密布、风暴降临的时刻。美国能够历经这些时刻而勇往直前，不仅因为当政者具有才干或远见，而且也因为“我们人民”始终坚信我们先辈的理想，对我们的建国理念忠贞不渝。so it has been.so it must be with this generation of americans.这是过来之路。这是这一代美国的必由之路。that we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood.our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.homes have been lost;jobs shed;businesses shuttered.our health care is too costly;our schools fail too many;and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.我们处于危机之中，这一点已得到充分认识。我国在进行战争，打击分布广泛的暴力和仇恨势力。我们的经济严重衰弱，部分归咎于一些人的贪婪不轨，同时也因为我们作为一个整体，未能痛下决心，让国家作好面对新时代的准备。如今，住房不再，就业减少，商业破产。医疗保健费用过度昂贵；学校质量没有保障；而每一天都在不断显示，我们使用能源的方式在助长敌人的威风，威胁我们的星球.these are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics.less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land--a nagging fear that americas decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.这些是危机的迹象，数据统计将予以证明。不易于衡量然而同样严重的是全国各地受动摇的信心——一种挥之不去的恐惧感，认为美国将不可避免地走下坡路，下一代人不得不放低眼光。
today i say to you that the challenges we face are real.they are serious and they are many.they will not be met easily or in a short span of time.but know this, america: they will be met.今天，我告诉大家，我们面临的挑战真实存在，并且严重而多重。它们不可能在一个短时间内被轻易征服。但是，美国，请记住这句话——它们将被征服。on this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.我们今天聚集在这里是因为我们选择希望而不是恐惧，选择齐心协力而不是冲突对立。1 我们今天在这里宣告，让斤斤计较与虚假承诺就此结束，让窒息我国政治为时太久的相互指责和陈词滥调就此完结。我们仍是一个年轻的国家，但用圣经的话说，现在是抛弃幼稚的时侯了。现在应是我们让永恒的精神发扬光大的时侯，应是选择创造更佳历史业绩的时侯，应是将代代相传的宝贵财富、崇高理想向前发展的时侯：上帝赋予所有人平等、所有人自由和所有人充分追求幸福的机会。in reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given.it must be earned.our journey has never been one of shortcuts or settling for less.it has not been the path for the fainthearted--for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame.rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things--some celebrated, but more often men and women obscure in their labor--who have carried us up the long, rugged path toward prosperity and freedom.在重申我们国家伟大精神的同时，我们懂得，伟大从非天生，而是必须赢得。我们的历程从来不是走捷径或退而求其次的历程。它不是弱者的道路——它不属于好逸恶劳或只图名利享受的人；这条路属于冒险者，实干家，创造者——有些人享有盛名，但大多数是默默无闻耕耘劳作的男女志士，是他们带我们走向通往繁荣和自由的漫长崎岖之路。for us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.为了我们，他们打点起贫寒的行装上路，远涉重洋，追求新生活 for us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.为了我们，他们在血汗工厂劳作，在西部原野拓荒，忍着鞭笞之痛在坚硬的土地上耕耘。for us, they fought and died, in places like concord and gettysburg;normandy and khe sahn.为了我们，他们奔赴疆场，英勇捐躯，长眠于康科德、葛底斯堡、诺曼底和溪山。time and again, these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life.they saw america as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions;greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.为了我们能够过上更好的生活，他们前赴后继，历尽艰辛，全力奉献，不辞劳苦，直至双手结起层层老茧。他们看到的美国超越了我们每一个人的雄心壮志，也超越了所有种族、财富或派系的差异。this is the journey we continue today.we remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on earth.our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began.our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year.our capacity remains undiminished.but our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions--that time has surely passed.starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking america.今天，作为后来者，我们踏上了这一未竟的旅程。我们依然是地球上最繁荣、最强大的国家。我们的劳动者的创造力并没有因为眼前的这场危机而减弱。我们的头脑依然像以往那样善于发明创新。我们的产品与服务仍旧像上星期、上个月或去年一样受人欢迎。我们的能力丝毫无损。但是，维持现状、保 2 护狭隘的利益集团、推迟困难的抉择的时代无疑已成为过去。从今天起，我们必须振作起来，扫除我们身上的尘土，重新开启再造美国的事业。
无论我们把目光投向何处，都有工作在等待着我们。经济形势要求我们果敢而迅速地行动，我们将不辱使命——不仅要创造新的就业机会，而且要打下新的增长基础。我们将建造道路和桥梁，架设电网，铺设承载我们的商务和把我们紧密相连的电子通讯网络。我们将恢复尊重科学的传统，利用高新技术的超常潜力提高医疗保健质量并降低成本。我们将利用太阳能、风力和地热为车辆和工厂提供能源。我们将改造我们的中小学和高等院校，以应对新时代的挑战。这一切我们都能做到。这一切我们必将做到。现在，有人怀疑我们的雄心壮志——他们说我们的体制不能承受太多的宏伟规划。他们的记忆是短暂的，因为他们忘记了这个国家已经取得的成就，忘记了一旦共同的目标插上理想的翅膀、现实的要求鼓起勇气的风帆，自由的人民就会爆发出无穷的创造力。what the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them--that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply.the question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works--whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified.where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward.where the answer is no, programs will end.and those of us who manage the publics dollars will be held to account--to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day--because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.那些冷眼旁观的人没有认识到他们脚下的大地已经移动——那些长期以来空耗我们的精力的陈腐政治观点已经过时。我们今天提出的问题不是我们的政府太大还是太小，而是它是否行之有效——它是否能够帮助人们找到报酬合理的就业机会，是否能够为他们提供费用适度的医疗保健服务，是否能够确保他们在退休后不失尊严。如果回答是肯定的，我们就要向前推进。如果回答是否定的，计划和项目必须终止。作为公共资金的管理者，我们必须承担责任——明智地使用资金，抛弃坏习惯，在阳光下履行职责——因为只有这样我们才能恢复人民对政府的至关重要的信任。
我们提出的问题也不在于市场力量是替天行道还是为虎作伥。市场在生成财富和传播自由方面具有无与伦比的力量，但这场危机提醒我们：没有严格的监督，市场就会失控——如果一个国家仅仅施惠于富裕者，其富裕便不能持久。我们的经济成功从来不是仅仅依赖国内总产值的规模，而是还依赖繁荣的普及，即为每一位愿意致富的人提供机会的能力——不是通过施舍——因为这才是最可靠的共同富裕之路。3 至于我们的共同防御，我们决不接受安全与理念不可两全的荒谬论点。建国先贤面对我们难以想见的险恶局面，起草了一部保障法治和人权的宪章，一部子孙后代以自己的鲜血使之更加完美的宪章。今天，这些理念仍然照耀着世界，我们不会为一时之利而弃之。因此，对于今天正在观看此情此景的其他各国人民和政府──从最繁华的首都到我父亲出生的小村庄──我们希望他们了解：凡追求和平与尊严的国家以及每一位男人、妇女和儿童，美国是你们的朋友。我们已经做好准备，再一次走在前面。回顾过去，几代人在战胜法西斯主义和共产主义时依靠的不仅仅是导弹和坦克，更是牢固的联盟和不渝的信念。他们懂得单凭实力无法保护我们的安全，实力也并不赋予我们随心所欲的权利。相反，他们知道审慎使用实力会使我们更强大；我们的安全源于事业的正义性、典范的感召力、以及谦卑和克制的平衡作用 we are the keepers of this legacy.guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort--even greater cooperation and understanding between nations.we will begin to responsibly leave iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in afghanistan.with old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet.we will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken;you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.我们是这一传统的继承者。我们只要从新以这些原则为指导，就能应对那些新威胁，为此必须付出更大的努力──推动国家间更多的合作与理解。我们将开始以负责任的方式把伊拉克移交给伊拉克人民，并在阿富汗巩固来之不易的和平。我们将与多年的朋友和昔日的对手一道不懈地努力，减轻核威胁，扭转全球变暖的厄运。我们不会在价值观念上退缩，也不会动摇捍卫它的决心，对于那些妄图以煽动恐怖和屠杀无辜的手段达到其目的的人，我们现在就告诉你们，我们的意志更加顽强、坚不可摧；你们无法拖垮我们，我们必将战胜你们。
因为我们知道，我们百衲而成的传统是一种优势，而不是劣势。我们是一个由基督教徒和穆斯林、犹太教徒和印度教徒、以及无宗教信仰者组成的国家。我们受惠于地球上四面八方每一种语言和文化的影响。由于我们饮过南北战争和种族隔离的苦水，走出了那个黑暗时代并变得更加坚强和团结，我们不能不相信昔日的仇恨终有一天会成为过去；部族之间的界线很快会消失；随着世界变得越来越小，我们共同的人性将得到彰显；美国必须为迎来一个和
平的新纪元发挥自己的作用。to the muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect.to those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their societys ills on the west: know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy.to those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history;but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.to the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow;to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds.and to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders;nor can we consume the worlds resources without regard to effect.for the world has changed, and we must change with it.对于贫困国家的人民，我们保证同你们并肩努力，为你们的农田带来丰收，让清洁的用水取之不竭；使饥饿的身体得以饱食，使饥渴的心灵受到滋润。对于那些象我们一样比较富裕的国家，我们要说我们再不能对他人的苦难无动于衷，也再不能肆意消耗世界的资源。世界已经改变，我们必须与时俱进。as we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains.they have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in arlington whisper through the ages.we honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service;a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves.and yet, at this moment--a moment that will define a generation--it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.在思索我们面前的道路时，我们怀着崇敬的心情感谢此刻正在偏远的沙漠和山区巡逻的英勇无畏的美国人。他们向我们述说着什么，正如在阿灵顿(arlington)公墓长眠的阵亡英雄在漫漫岁月中低浅的吟诵。我们崇敬他们，不仅因为他们捍卫着我们的自由，而且因为他们代表着献身精神，体现了超越个人，寻求远大理想的意愿。然而，在这个时刻，这个具有划时代意义的时刻，我们大家必须具备的正是这种精神。for as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the american people upon which this nation relies.it is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours.it is the firefighters courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parents willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.虽然政府能有许多作为也必须有许多作为，但最终离不开美国人民的信仰和决心，这便是我国的立国之本。正是因为人们在大堤崩裂时接纳陌生人的关爱之情，正是因为工人们宁愿减少自己的工时而不愿看到朋友失去工作的无私精神，才使我们度过了最暗淡的时光。正是因为消防队员们有勇气冲进浓烟滚滚的楼道，也正是因为做父母的希望培养一个孩子，我们才能决定最后的命运。our challenges may be new.the instruments with which we meet them may be new.but those values upon which our success depends--hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism--these things are old.these things are true.they have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history.what is demanded then is a return to these truths.what is required of us now is a new era of responsibility--a recognition, on the part of every american, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation and the world;duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.5篇三：2008奥巴马就职演讲 hello, chicago.if there is anyone out there who still doubts that america is aplace where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dreamof our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is youranswer.美国是一个一切皆有可能的地方，如果还有人对这一点心存怀疑，如果还有人怀疑美国奠基者的梦想在我们时代是否还有活力，还有人怀疑我们民主制度的力量，那么，你们今晚正是对那些疑问作出了回答。it’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation hasnever seen, by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the first time in their lives,because they believed that this time must be different, that their voices could be that difference.在学校和教堂周围所出现的前所未有的长队是答案，这个国家从未见过这么多的人前来投票，人们排三个、四个小时的队来进行有生以来的第一次投票，因为他们相信这一次将会不同，他们发出的声音可能就是那个差别。it’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, democrat and republican, black, white,hispanic, asian, native american, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled.americans who sent amessage to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of redstates and blue states.这是一个年轻人和年老人、富人和穷人、民主党人和共和党人、黑人、白人、西班牙裔人、亚裔、印第安人、同性恋和异性恋、残障人士和健全人士所作出的回答。美国人向世界发出一个信息：我们从不只是一些个人的累加或者“红色州”和“蓝色州”的累加。we are, and always will be, the united states of america.我们是，并且永远是美利坚合众国。it’s the answer that led those who’ve been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful anddoubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once moretoward the hope of a better day.这是一个引导人们的答案，太多的人在很长的时间内给他们说这个答案，以至于他们对此持愤世疾俗的态度，对我们是否可以再一次把握历史的希望感到担心和怀疑。
已经过去了很长时间，但是今晚，由于我们今天在这场选举所采取的行动，在这个决定性的时候，变革来到了美国。a little bit earlier this evening, i received an extraordinarily gracious call from sen.mccain.今晚早些时候，我接到来自参议员麦凯恩的一个极具风度的电话。sen.mccain fought long and hard in this campaign.and he’s fought even longer and harder for thecountry that he loves.he has endured sacrifices for america that most of us cannot begin to imagine.we are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader.麦凯恩在这场选战中进行了长期和艰苦的努力，他为这个他所爱的国家战斗了更长的时间，作出了更艰苦的努力。他为美国承受了我们中的大多数人无法想像的牺牲。由于这位勇敢和无私领导人的服务，我们的生活变得更好。i congratulate him;i congratulate gov.palin for all that they’ve achieved.and i look forward toworking with them to renew this nation’s promise in the months ahead.我向他表示祝贺，我向佩林州长表示祝贺，向他们所取得的成果表示祝贺，我盼望与他们共事以继续这个国家在未来岁月的承诺。i want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart, and spoke for themen and women he grew up with on the streets of scranton and rode with on the train home todelaware, the vice president-elect of the united states, joe biden.我想感谢我在竞选旅程的伙伴，一位用心竞选的男士，一位为和他一起在斯克兰顿街头一同长大的男人和女子代言、经常坐火车回特拉华州的男士，美国当选副总统拜登。and i would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last16 years the rock of our family, the love of my life, the nation’s next first lady michelle obama.如果没有我过去16年最好的朋友、我们家庭的中坚、我生命中的挚爱，我今天晚上不可能站在这里，美国下一位第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马。
萨沙和马莉娅，我爱你们，我对你们的爱超出了你们的想象。你们已赢得了新的宠物狗，它将和我们一起前往新的白宫。and while she’s no longer with us, i know my grandmother’s watching, along with the family thatmade me who i am.i miss them tonight.i know that my debt to them is beyond measure.尽管她没能和我们在一起，但我知道，我的祖母和养大我的家人在看着我，我今晚很想念他们，我知道我欠他们的东西是无法计量的。to my sister maya, my sister alma, all my other brothers and sisters, thank you so much for all thesupport that you’ve given me.i am grateful to them.我的妹妹马娅、我的姐姐奥玛，我其他的兄弟和姐妹，非常感谢你们对我的支持，我感谢他们。and to my campaign manager, david plouffe, the unsung hero of this campaign, who built the best——the best political campaign, i think, in the history of the united states of america.我的竞选经理大卫·普劳夫，这位竞选活动的无名英雄，他进行了最好的政治竞选活动，我认为这是美国历史上最棒的。to my chief strategist david axelrod who’s been a partner with me every step of the way.to thebest campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and i am forevergrateful for what you’ve sacrificed to get it done.我的首席策略师大卫·艾克斯罗德，他一直是追随我的伙伴。你们组建了政治史上最好的竞选团队，是你们成就了今天，我永远感谢你们为此所作出的牺牲。but above all, i will never forget who this victory truly belongs to.it belongs to you.it belongs toyou.但最重要的是，我永远不会忘记这场胜利真正属于谁，它属于你们，它属于你们。i was never the likeliest candidate for this office.we didn’t start with much money or manyendorsements.our campaign was not hatched in the halls of washington.it began in the backyardsof des moines and the living rooms of concord and the front porches of charleston.it was built byworking men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give $5 and $10 and $20 tothe cause.我从来不是最有可能获得这一职务的候选人。我们刚开始并没有太多资金，也没有得到许多人的支持。我们的竞选活动并非始自华盛顿的大厅里，而是始于得梅因、康科德、查尔斯顿这些地方的普通民众家中。那些辛勤工作的人们从自己微薄的储蓄中捐出5美元、10美元、20美元。it grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation’s apathy who lefttheir homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep.竞选活动因为年轻人的支持而越来越有声势，他们拒绝了他们那一代对政治不感兴趣的神话，他们离开家，从事那些薪水少而且辛苦的工作。it drew strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat toknock on doors of perfect strangers, and from the millions of americans who volunteered andorganized and proved that more than two centuries later a government of the people, by the people,and for the people has not perished from the earth.竞选活动的声势也来自那些已不再年轻的人们，他们冒着严寒酷暑，敲开陌生人的家门进行竞选宣传；竞选声势也源自数百万的美国民众，他们充当志愿者和组织者，他们证明了在两百多年以后，民有、民治、民享的政府并未从地球上消失。这是你们的胜利。this is your victory.这是你们的胜利。and i know you didn’t do this just to win an election.and i know you didn’t do it for me.you didit because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead.for even as we celebrate tonight,we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime —— two wars, aplanet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century.我知道你们的所做的一切并不只是为了赢得选举，我也知道你们做这一切并不是为了我。你们这样做是因为你们明白前面的任务有多么艰巨。即便我们今晚欢呼庆祝，我们也知道明天将面临我们一生之中最艰难的挑战——两场战争、一个面临危险的星球，一个世纪以来最严重的金融危机。even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave americans waking up in the deserts of iraqand the mountains of afghanistan to risk their lives for us.there are mothers and fathers who will lieawake after the children fall asleep and wonder how they’ll make the mortgage or pay their doctors’bills or save enough for their child’s college education.就在我们今晚站在这里的时刻，我们知道勇敢的美国士兵在伊拉克的沙漠里和阿富汗的群山中醒来，他们冒着生命危险来保护着我们的生命。仍有在孩子熟睡后仍难以入眠的父母，他们担心如何偿还按揭月供、付医药费或是存够钱让孩子上大学。there’s new energy to harness, new jobs to be created, new schools to build, and threats to meet,alliances to repair.我们需要开发新的能源、创造新的工作岗位，我们需要修建新学校，应对众多威胁、修复与许多国家的盟友关系。the road ahead will be long.our climb will be steep.we may not get there in one year or even inone term.but, america, i have never been more hopeful than i am tonight that we will get there.前方的道路将很漫长，我们攀登的脚步会很艰辛。我们可能无法在一年甚至一个任期内实现这些目标，但我从未像今晚这样满怀希望，我们将实现我们的目标。i promise you, we as a people will get there.我向你们承诺——我们作为一个整体将会达成目标。there will be setbacks and false starts.there are many who won’t agree with every decision orpolicy i make as president.and we know the government can’t solve every problem.我们会遭遇挫折和不成功的起步。我作为总统所做的每项决定或政策，会有许多人持有异议，我们也知道，政府不能解决所有问题。but i will always be honest with you about the challenges we face.i will listen to you, especiallywhen we disagree.and, above all, i will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation, the onlyway it’s been done in america for 221 years —— block by block, brick by brick, calloused handby calloused hand.但我将总是会向你们坦陈我们所面临的挑战。我会听取你们的意见，尤其是存在不同意见的时候。最重要的是，我会请求你们参与重建这个国家，以美国221年来从未改变的唯一方式——一砖一瓦、同心协力。what began 21 months ago in the depths of winter cannot end on this autumn night.this victoryalone is not the change we seek.it is only the chance for us to make that change.and that cannothappen if we go back to the way things were.21个月前在寒冬所开始的一切不应当在今天这个秋夜结束。今天的选举胜利并不是我们所寻求的改变——这只是我们进行改变的机会。如果我们仍然按照过去的方式行事，我们所寻求的改变将不会发生。it can’t happen without you, without a new spirit of service, a new spirit of sacrifice.没有你们，没有服务和牺牲的新精神，就不可能发生改变。so let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of responsibility, where each of us resolves to pitch inand work harder and look after not only ourselves but each other.let us remember that, if thisfinancial crisis taught us anything, it’s that we cannot have a thriving wall street while main streetsuffers.因此，让我们发扬新的爱国和负责精神，所有的人都下定决心参与其中，更加努力地工作，不仅是为自己而是为彼此。让我们记住这一点，如果说这场金融危机教会了我们什么东西的话，那就是我们不可能在金融以外的领域处于困境的同时拥有繁荣兴旺的华尔街。in this country, we rise or fall as one nation, as one people.let’s resist the temptation to fall back onthe same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long.在这个国家，我们患难与共。让我们抵制重走老路的诱惑，避免重新回到令美国政治长期深受毒害的党派纷争、小题大作、不成熟的表现。let’s remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the republican partyto the white house, a party founded on the values of self-reliance and individual liberty and nationalunity.让我们记住，是伊利诺伊州的一名男子首次将共和党的旗帜扛到了白宫。共和党是建立在自立、个人自由以及国家团结的价值观之上的。those are values that we all share.and while the democratic party has won a great victory tonight,we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back ourprogress.这也是我们所有人共同的价值观。虽然民主党今天晚上赢得了巨大的胜利，但我们是以谦卑的态度和弥合阻碍我们进步的分歧的决心赢得这场胜利的。as lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, we are not enemies but friends.thoughpassion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.篇四：奥巴马就职演说的语言艺术分析
一、演说与修辞时下英语界一般将英语文体（或称语体）分为口头体和书面体两大类。但实践证明，这样的划分失之粗率。其弊病在于名实难符：口头体并不仅限于口语形式，而书面体也不仅限于书面形式。譬如，正式场合的演讲、报告，以及官方的谈话所用的文体就不能划入口语体，而应属于书面体。
演说活动自古以来就是人类社会的一项重要活动。演讲者通过宣传某种思想，让听众理解和接受自己的观点和主张，进而号召听众采取一致的行动。演讲者要达到预想的演讲效果必须研究演说词的语言表达艺术。演说词的修辞手法是演讲者最主要的语言技巧。修辞是从表达方式，表达效果的角度去研究语音、词汇、语法的运用。
美国总统的就职演说是一种在特定场合下的演说。现场听众可达百万之众，并且向国内外进行现场直播。美国民众及世界各国总是对新总统有着无限期待，总统的就职演说可谓是新政府向民众交出的第一份答卷。总统要在就职演说中抒发自己的治国理想，分析国家面临的困难和挑战，宣布自己的施政纲领以及如何实现民众的希望。各大媒体的调查表明，大多数美国民众对奥巴马的就职演说感到满意和非常满意。本文拟从语音、词汇和句法三个方面的修辞手段的使用情况对奥巴马的就职演说进行文体分析，探讨这篇演说词的语言艺术。
二、奥巴马演说词的修辞手段 1.音韵修辞格（1）头韵（alliteration）是语音修辞手段之一。它是指两个以上紧邻单词首音（通常是辅音）相同。头韵的修辞作用是增强语言的节奏感，使语言产生音乐般的美感。头韵多用于诗歌和散文中，但人们也经常在演讲中运用头韵来增加语言的美感，加深听众的印象。同样尾韵（end rhyme）也有类似的修辞作用。
奥巴马就职演说中运用头韵的句子有： 1）with old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat?（对于老朋友和老对手，我们将不遗余力地继续削弱核威胁?）2）we are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this earth.（我们民族的成长受到许多语言和文化的影响，我们吸取了这个地球上任何一个角落的有益成分.）
运用尾韵的句子有： 1）homes have been lost;jobs shed;business shuttered.（我们的人民正失去家园，失去工作，企业要倒闭。）2）rather, it has been the risk–takers, the doers, the makers of things...(确实，这条路是勇于承担风险者之路，是实干家、创造者之路...）朗读上述句子，可以体会到使用头韵和尾韵给语言带来的节奏和韵律。2.词汇修辞格
在英语词汇中含有六个字母以上或三个音节以上的词通常被看成是大词。这些词往往来自于拉丁语，希腊语或法语，或者有着复杂的内部结构。大词在正式的书面体中出现频率较多。
在奥巴马的就职演说词中，总词汇量为2393个，其中六个字母以上的单词就有643个，占总数的26.8%，稍低于美国总统就职演说词中六个字母以上词的平均含词量：27.7%。从这一数据来看，奥氏的就职演说与往届的美国总统的就职演说一样，具有很明显的口语体特征。演讲者往往使用形容词来对某些言行进行绘声绘色的描述，以此表达自己的主观倾向，渲染感情色彩。在奥氏就职演说中有形容词137个，占总词数的5.7%，与小布什就职演说的5.6%相近，但远远少于美国总统就职演说词中形容词的平均含词量：7.4%。
在演说中大量使用第一人称复数是许多演讲者常用的语言技巧，目的是将听众拉到演讲者一边，将演讲者和听众放到同一立场上，让听众感受到“我们是相同”的认同感。奥氏在就职演说中使用“我们（we）”有55次，其变体“our”有61次，“us”有21次，三项合计有137次，而奥氏演讲全文中有129句，另加101 个从句和25个并列句，几乎是一开口必称“我们”。美国总统的就职演说为了使语言表达更为准确、具体、鲜明、生动、有力，常常会使用明喻、隐喻、拟人、夸张、借代等词汇修辞格帮助听众加深对事物的理解，加强演讲的现场气氛，提高演讲效果。
以下是奥巴马在就职演说中的使用情况。
（1）明喻（simile）：用另一种事物比喻所要说明的事物，达到更形象、更深刻说明事物的目的，通常用like或as连接。1）for us, they fought and died, in places like concord and gettysburg, normandy and khe sanh.（为了我们，他们奔赴像康科德城和葛底斯堡、诺曼底和克山这样的地方去征战并且牺牲。）2）they saw america as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions.（在他们看来，美国的强盛要比个人的雄心壮志重大得多.)（2）隐喻（metaphor）：不用like或as的隐藏的比喻。1）our journey has never been one of shortcuts or setting for less.(我们的民族之旅从未有过捷径或者妥协。)2）starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking america.(从今天开始，我们必须跌倒后自己爬起来，拍拍身上的泥土，然后重新开始工作，重塑美国。)（3）拟人（personification）：把事、物、观念拟作人，赋予它们以人的思想、感情与行为方式。
2）in the year of america’s birth?(在美国诞生的年代?)（4）夸张（hyperbole）：在真实的基础上有意言过其实以更好地反映事物的本质。
1）time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life.（一次又一次，我们的先辈们奋斗着、牺牲着、操劳着，直至磨破双手，只是为了我们可以生活得更好。）2）the snow was stained with blood.(冬天的雪被鲜血染成了红色。)（5）借代或称转喻（metonymy）：不相类似的甲乙之间有着不可分离的关系，利用这种关系以乙事物的名称来代替甲事物。1）those of us who manage the public’s dollars will be held to account——to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day.(掌管纳税人税金的人应当承担起责任，合理支出，摒弃陋习，在阳光下做事。用“阳光”代表“公开”、“透明”。)3.句法修辞格
句法修辞格是通过对句子结构的特定安排达到特别的修辞效果。
比如奥巴马在其就职演说中使用了下列句法修辞手段：
（1）排比（parallelism）：由三项或以上的词语或句子构成，其并列的结构相同或类似，意义相关，语气连贯。1）our nation is at war,?our economy is badly weakened,?our health care is too costly.（我们的国家正处在战争状态?我们的国家经济也受到严重的削弱，?我们的社会医疗过于昂贵。）2）for us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and travelled across oceans in search of anew life.for us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.for us, th ey fought and died, in places like concord and gettysburg, normandy and khesanh.(为了我们，先辈们带着微薄的家当，横渡大洋，寻找新生活；为了我们，先辈们在血汗工厂劳作，忍受皮鞭的抽打；为了我们，先辈们定居西部，在荒芜的土地辛勤耕作；为了我们，先辈们奔赴像康科德城和葛底斯堡，诺曼底和克山这样的地方去征战并且牺牲。)（2）反复（repetition）：不止一次地使用同一词语或句子。与排比的区别在于，反复着重于词语，排比着重于结构。1）so it has been.so it must be with this generation of americans.(前辈们如此。我们这一代美国人也要如此。)2）?these things are old.these things are true.(?这些东西历久弥新。这些东西真实可靠。)（3）对偶（antithesis）：工整匀称的并列结构，常把字数、结构相同或相近，意义彼此相关的两个词或并列结构对称地排列在一起，是表示对比关系的有效手段。1）where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward.where the answer is no, program will end.（哪个方案的答案是肯定的，我们就推进哪个方案。哪个方案的答案是否定的，我们就选择终止。）（4）倒装（inversion）：谓语置于主语之前，词序不同于正常语序的语法修辞手段，达到强调句子中某一成分的目的。1）they understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please（.他们明白单凭自己的力量我们无法保护自己，也无权做到随心所欲。）篇五：奥巴马就职演讲
奥巴马演讲分析
——排比在英语演讲中的修辞作用
美国大选前许多人都评价：奥巴马的政见并不新颖甚至有点平庸；拥有的个人财富只有对手的几十分之一；相貌远逊于前辈肯尼迪和克林顿，而且还是非美国本土的外来黑哥......奥巴马唯一让人嫉妒的是他拥有最能鼓动人心的好口才，这是上帝给他最好的礼物和恩赐！不可否认，他超凡脱俗的演讲，为他竞选赢得胜利起到了至关重要的作用。奥巴马的演讲，无论是文稿的整体布局，还是演讲言辞的融情达意，或是激情澎湃的演讲表达，都可谓精深独到，不得不令人拍手称快。．据cnn报道。，有语言学家称，“总统当选人巴拉克·奥巴马当晚发表的获胜演说可与很多史上著名演讲相比．”奥巴马称得上是一位杰出的演说家，在多次演讲中，他都娴熟地运用了各种修辞技巧，可以说，“奥巴马的胜利是修辞学的胜利”(梁文道，2008)．其中，排比在奥巴马演讲中效果最为突出。鉴于排比在英语演讲中的重要性，我们试图以美国新当选总统奥巴马的获胜演讲为例，来探讨排比在这篇演讲中的修辞效果．本研究目的在于给英语演讲和修辞教学一些启示．同时也让学者通过领悟奥巴马的演讲技艺，学习、借鉴，来提高自身的演讲水平。
一，排比概念及其作用
“排比”在英语中的对应词为parallelism，是指为了达到修辞效果而循环出现的、句法相似的结构—“recurrent syntactical similarities introduced for rhetorical effect“(websters new collegiate dictionary,1977；831)．英语排比具有结构整齐，节奏鲜明，语言简练等特点．在英语演讲中运用排比旬，可以增加演讲词的节奏感和音韵美，突出演讲者雄辩口才和强烈感情，增强演讲语言的气势，提高演讲的说服力和欣赏性．
二，奥巴马获胜演讲个案排比分析
奥巴马于2008年11月4日当选为美国总统。并于当晚发表了获胜演讲．这次演讲富有很强的号召力和感染力，唤起了民众战胜金融危机的信心和勇气。现场的无数观众被感动得热泪盈眶．奥巴马在他的获胜演讲中熟练地运用了一系列的修辞方法，如捧比，对比，反复，对仗，引用等，其中排比的使用次数最多．下面我们就以排比结构在奥巴马获胜演讲(barak obama’s victory speech)中的置,选取了四个代表性的例子，来讨论其修辞效果。
（一）从句开头的排比 if there is anyone out there who still doubts that america is a place where all things are possible，who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time，who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.这三个排比组合句是奥巴马获胜演讲的开场白。奥巴，美国民主制度的力量”的质疑．通过这三个排比旬，奥巴马言简意赅地表达了他获胜的意义：显示出“美国梦”的独特性和普遍价值，显示出他的能马用自己胜选的事实回答了某些人对“美国是否凡事都有可能，美国奠基者的梦想是否依然鲜活力，肯定了美国是一切皆有可能的地方，肯定他的获胜是对美国政治文化传统的继承而不是背离．开场耐人寻味的排比，便已打开了选民们的心声以及继续听下去的欲望。
（二）排比结构用在段首 it’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen；by people who waited three hours and four hour...it’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, democrat and republican，black，white, hispanic，asian，native american, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled...it’s the answer that led those who have been told...to put their hands off the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day．
首先，在前两个位于段首的排比句群中，奥巴马强调他是“设在学校和教堂的投票站前排起的前所未见的长队”，是“等了三四个小时的选民”，是“所有美国人民”共同选举出来的总统。他重申了自己当选总统是合法的，是由美国人民通过民主方式选举出来的．第三个排比句群在意义上是对前两个排比句群的总结和升华。奥巴马呼吁美国人民要对美国的未来有信心，同时暗示作为新一任的总统，他会继承美国的历史传统，让“美国梦”延续。这三个排比句群的使用，增强了演讲的气势，有力地回击了那些对奥巴马获胜原因存在质疑的人，同时向听众做出了有力的保证，调动了听众的积极性，激发了听众的自信心．
（三）介词短语的排比
（四）句型结构的排比 for us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.for us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.for us, they fought and died, in places like concord and gettysburg, normand and khe sahn.奥巴马在该语段中抚今追昔，以排比的结构，按时间的顺序回顾了影响美国历史进程的重大事件：建国之前的跨洋移民，建国之后的西进运动，独立战争，南北战争，第二次世界大战等等，以此鼓励美国公民勇敢地面对金融危机给当今美国经济带来的种种困难的挑战。该段重复了主谓句式结构，“for us” 和主语“they”，这种排比句式不仅使得上下文的意义紧密连接，衔接自然，同时也会是语篇的整体意义在听众的头脑中留下深刻的印象，使听众与奥巴马产生共鸣。
（五）段尾的排比
and tonight,...she’s seen...the heartache and the hope；the struggle and the progress...yes we can． at a time...she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot.yes we can． when the bombs...she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved.yes we can． she was there.yes we can． a man...and this year, in this election..., she knows how america can change.yes we can．
在这里奥巴马以一个106岁的老妇人参加投票为例，运用了一系列的排比来烘托现场气氛，具有很强的说服力和感染力。连续4个“她看到了···”(she’s seen，she lived to see，she saw, she was there to witness)和6个“是的，我们能”(yes we can)，强调美国能达成正义和平等，能获得机遇和繁荣能治愈这个国家，能补救这个世界，强调美国能发生变革!这种以具体的人物、事例和具体的生活场景为主体构成的排比语段，真正达到了提高语言表现力的目。这几段出现在演讲末尾的排比具有排山倒海的气势，具有强大的煽动性，把整个演讲再次推向了高潮。
在整个获胜演讲当中，通过捧比，奥巴马将有魅力的句子集中，演讲节奏分明，气氛被一次次的推向的高潮，演讲大为增色。这些排比的运用，创造了演讲中的个个亮点，气势磅礴，使听众的情感受到一次次的震。． 三 结语 演讲是一门劝说的艺术。演讲者要达到劝说的目的，就必须讲究演讲词的语言表达技巧，这种技巧在语言层面的体现之一就是修辞手法的运用。排比是英语演讲中最常见的修辞手法。国内学者对于排比的修辞效果给予了充分的肯定。“排比是英语所有修辞格中最常使用的修辞格之一。
第四篇：奥巴马演讲
奥巴马演讲
Hello, everybody.In the State of the Union, I laid out three areas we need to focus on if we're going to build an economy that lasts: new American manufacturing, new skills and education for American workers, and new sources of American-made energy.These days, we're getting another painful reminder why developing new energy is so important to our future.Just like they did last year, gas prices are starting to climb.Only this time, it's happening earlier.And that hurts everyone – everyone who owns a car;everyone who owns a business.It means you have to stretch your paycheck even further.Some folks have no choice but to drive a long way to work, and high gas prices are like a tax straight out of their paychecks.Now, some politicians always see this as a political opportunity.And since it's an election year, they're already dusting off their three-point plans for $2 gas.I'll save you the suspense: Step one is drill, step two is drill, and step three is keep drilling.We hear the same thing every year.Well the American people aren't stupid.You know that's not a plan – especially since we're already drilling.It's a bumper sticker.It's not a strategy to solve our energy challenge.It's a strategy to get politicians through an election.You know there are no quick fixes to this problem, and you know we can't just drill our way to lower gas prices.If we're going to take control of our energy future and avoid these gas price spikes down the line, then we need a sustained, all-of-the-above strategy that develops every available source of American energy – oil, gas, wind, solar, nuclear, biofuels, and more.We need to keep developing the technology that allows us to use less oil in our cars and trucks;in our buildings and plants.That's the strategy we're pursuing, and that's the only real solution to this challenge.Now, we absolutely need safe, responsible oil production here in America.That's why under my Administration, America is producing more oil today than at any time in the last eight years.In 2010, our dependence on foreign oil was under 50% for the first time in more than a decade.And while there are no short-term silver bullets when it comes to gas prices, I've directed my administration to look for every single area where we can make an impact and help consumers in the months ahead, from permitting to delivery bottlenecks to what's going on in the oil markets.But over the long term, an all-of-the-above energy strategy means we have to do more.It means we have to make some choices.Here's one example.Right now, four billion of your tax dollars subsidize the oil industry every year.Four billion dollars.Imagine that.Maybe some of you are listening to this in your car right now, pulling into a gas station to fill up.As you watch those numbers rise, know that oil company profits have never been higher.Yet somehow, Congress is still giving those same companies another four billion dollars of your money.That's outrageous.It's inexcusable.And it has to stop.A century of subsidies to the oil companies is long enough.It's time to end taxpayer giveaways to an industry that's never been more profitable, and use that money to reduce our deficit and double-down on a clean energy industry that's never been more promising.Because of the investments we've already made, the use of wind and solar energy in this country has nearly doubled – and thousands of Americans have jobs because of it.And because we put in place the toughest fuel economy standards in history, our cars will average nearly 55 miles per gallon by the middle of the next decade – something that, over time, will save the typical family more than $8,000 at the pump.Now Congress needs to keep that momentum going by renewing the clean energy tax credits that will lead to more jobs and less dependence on foreign oil.Look, we know there's no silver bullet that will bring down gas prices or reduce our dependence on foreign oil overnight.But what we can do is get our priorities straight, and make a sustained, serious effort to tackle this problem.That's the commitment we need right now.And with your help, it's a commitment we can make.Thank you.
第五篇：奥巴马演讲
Thank you.(Applause.)Thank you very much.Everybody, please have a seat.Well, Madam President, that was an outstanding introduction.(Laughter.)We are so proud of Donae for representing this school so well.And in addition, I also want to acknowledge your outstanding principal, who has been here for 20 years--first as a teacher, now as an outstanding principal--Anita Berger.Please give her a big round of applause.(Applause.)I want to acknowledge, as well, Mayor Gray is here--the mayor of Washington, D.C.is here.Please give him a big round of applause.(Applause.)And I also want to thank somebody who is going to go down in history as one of the finest Secretaries of Education that we’ve ever had--Arne Duncan is here.(Applause.)
Now, it is great to be here at Benjamin Banneker High School, one of the best high schools not only in Washington, D.C., but one of the best high schools in the country.(Applause.)But we’ve also got students tuning in from all across America.And so I want to welcome you all to the new school year, although I know that many of you already have been in school for a while.I know that here at Banneker, you’ve been back at school for a few weeks now.So everything is starting to settle in, just like for all your peers all across the country.The fall sports season is underway.Musicals and marching band routines are starting to shape up, I believe.And your first big tests and projects are probably just around the corner.I know that you’ve also got a great deal going on outside of school.Your circle of friends might be changing a little bit.Issues that used to stay confined to hallways or locker rooms are now finding their way onto Facebook and Twitter.(Laughter.)Some of your families might also be feeling the strain of the economy.As many of you know, we’re going through one of the toughest economic times that we’ve gone through in our lifetime--in my lifetime.Your lifetime hasn’t been that long.And so, as a consequence, you might have to pick up an after-school job to help out your family, or maybe you’re babysitting for a younger sibling because mom or dad is working an extra shift.So all of you have a lot on your plates.You guys are growing up faster and interacting with a wider world in a way that old folks like me, frankly, just didn’t have to.So today, I don’t want to be just another adult who stands up and lectures you like you’re just kids--because you’re not just kids.You’re this country’s future.You’re young leaders.And whether we fall behind or race ahead as a nation is going to depend in large part on you.So I want to talk to you a little bit about meeting that responsibility.It starts, obviously, with being the best student that you can be.Now, that doesn’t always mean that you have to have a perfect score on every assignment.It doesn’t mean that you’ve got to get straight As all the time--although that’s not a bad goal to have.It means that you have to stay at it.You have to be determined and you have to persevere.It means you’ve got to work as hard as you know how to work.And it means that you’ve got to take some risks once in a while.You can’t avoid the class that you think might be hard because you’re worried about getting the best grade if that’s a subject that you think you need to prepare you for your future.You’ve got to wonder.You’ve got to question.You’ve got to explore.And every once in a while, you need to color outside of the lines.That’s what school is for: discovering new passions, acquiring new skills, making use of this incredible time that you have to prepare yourself and give yourself the skills that you’re going to need to pursue the kind of careers that you want.And that’s why when you’re still a student you can explore a wide range of possibilities.One hour you can be an artist;the next, an author;the next, a scientist, or a historian, or a carpenter.This is the time where you can try out new interests and test new ideas.And the more you do, the sooner you’ll figure out what makes you come alive, what stirs you, what makes you excited--the career that you want to pursue.Now, if you promise not to tell anybody, I will let you in on a little secret: I was not always the very best student that I could be when I was in high school, and certainly not when I was in middle school.I did not love every class I took.I wasn’t always paying attention the way I should have.I remember when I was in 8th grade I had to take a class called ethics.Now, ethics is about right and wrong, but if you’d ask me what my favorite subject was back in 8th grade, it was basketball.I don’t think ethics would have made it on the list.But here’s the interesting thing.I still remember that ethics class, all these years later.I remember the way it made me think.I remember being asked questions like: What matters in life? Or, what does it mean to treat other people with dignity and respect? What does it mean to live in a diverse nation, where not everybody looks like you do, or thinks like you do, or comes from the same neighborhood as you do? How do we figure out how to get along?
Each of these questions led to new questions.And I didn’t always know the right answers, but those discussions and that process of discovery--those things have lasted.Those things are still with me today.Every day, I’m thinking about those same issues as I try to lead this nation.I’m asking the same kinds of questions about, how do we as a diverse nation come together to achieve what we need to achieve? How do we make sure that every single person is treated with dignity and respect? What responsibilities do we have to people who are less fortunate than we are? How do we make sure that everybody is included in this family of Americans?
Those are all questions that date back to this class that I took back in 8th grade.And here’s the thing: I still don’t always know the answers to all these questions.But if I’d have just tuned out because the class sounded boring, I might have missed out on something that not only did I turn out enjoying, but has ended up serving me in good stead for the rest of my life.So that’s a big part of your responsibility, is to test things out.Take risks.Try new things.Work hard.Don’t be embarrassed if you’re not good at something right away.You’re not supposed to be good at everything right away.That’s why you’re in school.The idea, though, is, is that you keep on expanding your horizons and your sense of possibility.Now is the time for you to do that.And those are also, by the way, the things that will make school more fun.Down the road, those will be the traits that will help you succeed, as well--the traits that will lead you to invent a device that makes an iPad look like a stone tablet.Or what will help you figure out a way to use the sun and the wind to power a city and give us new energy sources that are less polluting.Or maybe you’ll write the next great American novel.Now, to do almost any of those things, you have to not only graduate from high school,--and I know I’m just--I’m in the “amen” corner with Principal Berger here--not only do you have to graduate from high school, but you’re going to have to continue education after you leave.You have to not only graduate, but you’ve got to keep going after you graduate.That might mean, for many of you, a four-year university.I was just talking to Donae, and she wants to be an architect, and she’s interning with a architectural firm, and she’s already got her sights set on what school she wants to go to.But it might, for some other folks, be a community college, or professional credentialing or training.But the fact of the matter is, is that more than 60 percent of the jobs in the next decade will require more than a high school diploma--more than 60 percent.That’s the world you’re walking into.So I want all of you to set a goal to continue your education after you graduate.And if that means college for you, just getting into college is not enough.You also have to graduate.One of the biggest challenges we have right now is that too many of our young people enroll in college but don’t actually end up getting their degree, and as a consequence--our country used to have the world’s highest proportion of young people with a college degree;we now rank 16th.I don't like being 16th.I like being number one.That’s not good enough.So we’ve got to use--we’ve got to make sure your generation gets us back to the top of having the most college graduates relative to the population of any country on Earth.If we do that, you guys will have a brighter future.And so will America.We’ll be able to make sure the newest inventions and the latest breakthroughs happen right here in the United States of America.It will mean better jobs, and more fulfilling lives, and greater opportunities not only for you, but also for your kids.So I don’t want anybody who’s listening here today to think that you’re done once you finish high school.You are not done learning.In fact, what’s happening in today’s economy is--it’s all about lifelong learning.You have to constantly upgrade your skills and find new ways of doing things.Even if college isn't for you, even if a four-year college isn't for you, you’re still going to have to get more education after you get out of high school.You’ve got to start expecting big things from yourself right now.I know that may sound a little intimidating.And some of you may be wondering how you can pay for college, or you might not know what you want to do with your life yet.And that’s okay.Nobody expects you to have your entire future mapped out at this point.And we don't expect you to have to make it on your own.First of all, you’ve got wonderful parents who love you to death and want you to have a lot more opportunity than they ever had--which, by the way, means don’t give them a hard time when they ask you to turn off the video games, turn off the TV and do some homework.You need to be listening to them.I speak from experience because that’s what I’ve been telling Malia and Sasha.Don’t be mad about it, because we’re thinking about your future.You’ve also got people all across this country--including myself and Arne and people at every level of government--who are working on your behalf.We’re taking every step we can to ensure that you’re getting an educational system that is worthy of your potential.We’re working to make sure that you have the most up-to-date schools with the latest tools of learning.We’re making sure that this country’s colleges and universities are affordable and accessible to you.We’re working to get the best class--teachers into the classroom as well, so they can help you prepare for college and a future career.Let me say something about teachers, by the way.Teachers are the men and women who might be working harder than just about anybody these days.(Applause.)Whether you go to a big school or a small one, whether you attend a public or a private or charter school –-your teachers are giving up their weekends;they’re waking up at dawn;they’re cramming their days full of classes and extra-curricular activities.And then they’re going home, eating some dinner, and then they’ve got to stay up sometimes past midnight, grading your papers and correcting your grammar, and making sure you got that algebra formula properly.And they don’t do it for a fancy office.They don’t--they sure don’t do it for the big salary.They do it for you.They do it because nothing gives them more satisfaction than seeing you learn.They live for those moments when something clicks;when you amaze them with your intellect or your vocabulary, or they see what kind of person you’re becoming.And they’re proud of you.And they say, I had something to do with that, that wonderful young person who is going to succeed.They have confidence in you that you will be citizens and leaders who take us into tomorrow.They know you’re our future.So your teachers are pouring everything they got into you, and they’re not alone.But I also want to emphasize this: With all the challenges that our country is facing right now, we don’t just need you for the future;we actually need you now.America needs young people’s passion and their ideas.We need your energy right now.I know you’re up to it because I’ve seen it.Nothing inspires me more than knowing that young people all across the country are already making their marks.They’re not waiting.They’re making a difference now.There are students like Will Kim from Fremont, California, who launched a nonprofit that gives loans to students from low-income schools who want to start their own business.Think about that.So he’s giving loans to other students.He set up a non-for-profit.He’s raising the money doing what he loves--through dodgeball tournaments and capture-the-flag games.But he’s creative.He took initiative.And now he’s helping other young people be able to afford the schooling that they need.There is a young man, Jake Bernstein, 17 years old, from a military family in St.Louis, worked with his sister to launch a website devoted to community service for young people.And they’ve held volunteer fairs and put up an online database, and helped thousands of families to find volunteer opportunities ranging from maintaining nature trails to serving at local hospitals.And then last year, I met a young woman named Amy Chyao from Richardson, Texas.She’s 16 years old, so she’s the age of some of you here.During the summer, I think because somebody in her family had an illness, she decided that she was interested in cancer research.She hadn’t taken chemistry yet, so she taught herself chemistry during the summer.And then she applied what she had learned and discovered a breakthrough process that uses light to kill cancer cells.Sixteen years old.It’s incredible.And she's been approached by some doctors and researchers who want to work with her to help her with her discovery.The point is you don’t have to wait to make a difference.You’re first obligation is to do well in school.You’re first obligation is to make sure that you’re preparing yourself for college and career.But you can also start making your mark right now.A lot of times young people may have better ideas than us old people do anyway.We just need those ideas out in the open, in and out of the classroom.When I meet young people like yourselves, when I sat and talk to Donae, I have no doubt that America’s best days are still ahead of us, because I know the potential that lies in each of you.Soon enough, you will be the ones leading our businesses and leading our government.You will be the one who are making sure that the next generation gets what they need to succeed.You will be the ones that are charting the course of our unwritten history.And all that starts right now--starts this year.So I want all of you who are listening, as well as everybody here at Banneker, I want you to make the most of the year that’s ahead of you.I want you to think of this time as one in which you are just loading up with information and skills, and you’re trying new things and you’re practicing, and you’re honing--all those things that you’re going to need to do great things when you get out of school.Your country is depending on you.So set your sights high.Have a great school year.Let’s get to work.Thank you very much, everybody.God bless you.God bless the United States of America.(Applause.)
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