中英对照 孔子语录之求知求学、为政以德、人生态度、为人处世

第一篇：中英对照 孔子语录之求知求学、为政以德、人生态度、为人处世

孔子语录 Confucius quotes

（本文所选语录由英国苏格兰汉学家理雅各先生翻译。理雅各，英文名James Legge，原名詹姆斯·莱格，英国苏格兰汉学家，曾在香港主持英华书院，翻译多本中国古代著作。）

1.求知求学 2.为政以德 3.人生态度 4.为人处世

求知求学

Knowledge and Learning 有教无类。In teaching there should be no distinction of classes.当仁，不让于师。When it comes to benevolence, one need not give precedence even to his teacher.学而时习之，不亦说乎？ Is it not pleasant to learn with a constant perseverance and application? 温故而知新，可以为师矣。If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring new, he may be a teacher of others.学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。Learning without thought is labour lost;thought without learning is perilous.敏而好学，不耻下问。He was of an active nature and yet fond of learning, and he was not ashamed to ask and learn of his inferiors.十室之邑，必有忠信，如丘者焉，不如丘之好学也。In a hamlet of ten families, there may be found one honourable and sincere as I am, but not so fond of learning.知之者，不如好之者，好之者，不如乐之者。They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it.默而识之，学而不厌，诲人不倦，何有于我哉。The silent treasuring up of knowledge;learning without satiety;and instructing others without being wearied--which one of these things belongs to me? 我非生而知之者，好古，敏以求之者也。I am not one who was born in the possession of knowledge;I am one who is fond of antiquity, and earnest in seeking it there.三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers.I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.学如不及，犹恐失之。Learn as if you could not reach your object, and were always fearing also lest you should lose it.为政以德 Rule by virture 君君，臣臣，父父，子子。There is government, when the prince is prince, and the minister is minister;when the father is father, and the son is son.子为政，焉用杀；子欲善，而民善矣。君子之德风，小人之德草，草上之风必偃。In carrying on your government, why should you use killing at all? Let your evinced desires be for what is good, and the people will be good.The relation between superiors and inferiors, is like that between the wind and the grass.The grass must bend, when the wind blows across it.举直错诸枉，能使枉者直。Employ the upright and put aside all the crooked;--in this way the crooked can be made to be upright.先有司，赦小过，举贤才。Employ various officers, pardon small faults, and raise to office men of virtue and talents..名不正，则言不顺；言不顺，则事不成；事不成，则礼乐不兴；礼乐不兴，则刑罚不中；刑罚不中，则民无所措手足。If names be not correct, language is not in accordance with the truth of things.If language be not in accordance with the truth of things, affairs cannot be carried on to success.When affairs cannot be carried on to success, proprieties and music will not flourish.When proprieties and music do not flourish, punishments will not be properly awarded.When punishments are not properly awarded, the people do not know how to move hand or foot.如有王者，必世而后仁。If a truly royal ruler were to arise, it would still require a generation, and then virtue would prevail.行己有耻，使于四方，不辱君命，可谓士矣。He who in his conduct of himself maintains a sense of shame, and when sent to any quarter will not disgrace his prince's commission, deserves to be called an officer.以不教民战，是谓弃之。To lead an uninstructed people to war, is to throw them away.不在其位，不谋其政。He who is not in any particular office, has nothing to do with plans for the administration of its duties.上好礼，则民易使也。When rulers love to observe the rules of propriety, the people respond readily to the calls on them for service.闻有国有家者，不患寡，而患不均，不患贫，而患不安。盖均无贫，和无寡，安无倾。I have heard that rulers of States and chiefs of families are not troubled lest their people should be few, but are troubled lest they should not keep their several places;that they are not troubled with fears of poverty, but are troubled with fears of a want of contented repose among the people in their several places.For when the people keep their several places, there will be no poverty;when harmony prevails, there will be no scarcity of people;and when there is such a contented repose, there will be no rebellious upsettings.人生态度 Attitude of Life 性相近也，习相远也。By nature, men are nearly alike;by practice, they get to be wide apart.过而不改，是谓过矣。Not to mend the fault one has made is to err indeed.己所不欲，勿施于人。What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others.言必信，行必果。Keep what you say and carry out what you do.君子以文会友，以友辅仁。The superior man on grounds of culture meets with his friends, and by their friendship helps his virtue.三军可夺师也，匹夫不可夺志也。The commander of the forces of a large State may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him.后生可畏，焉知来者之不如今也？A youth is to be regarded with respect.How do you know that his future will not be equal to our present? 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？ Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? 人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？Is he not a man of complete virtue, who feels no discomposure though men may take no note of him? 父在，观其志。父没，观其行。三年无改于父之道，可谓孝矣。While a man's father is alive, look at the bent of his will;when his father is dead, look at his conduct.If for three years he does not alter from the way of his father, he may be called filial.不患人之不己知，患不知人也。I will not be afflicted at men's not knowing me;I will be afflicted that I do not know men.诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。In the Book of Poetry are three hundred pieces, but the design of them all may be embraced in one sentence--“Having no depraved thoughts.” 关睢乐而不淫，哀而不伤。The Kwan Tsu is expressive of enjoyment without being licentious, and of grief without being hurtfully excessive.父母在，不远游，游必有方。While his parents are alive, the son may not go abroad to a distance.If he does go abroad, he must have a fixed place to which he goes.德不孤，必有邻。Virtue is not left to stand alone.He who practises it will have neighbors.吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。At fifteen I set my heart upon learning.At thirty, I planted my feet firm upon the ground.At forty, I no longer suffered from perplexities.At fifty, I knew what were the biddings of Heaven.At sixty, I heard them with docile ear.At seventy, I could follow the dictates of my own heart;for what I desired no longer overstepped the boundaries of right.贤哉回也!一箪食，一瓢饮，在陋巷，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐。贤哉回也!Incomparable indeed was Hui!A handful of rice to eat, a gourdful of water to drink, living in a mean street.Others would have found it unendurably depressing, but to Hui's cheerfulness it made no difference at all.Incomparable indeed was Hui.知者乐水，仁者乐山。知者动，仁者静。知者乐，仁者寿。The wise find pleasure in water;the virtuous find pleasure in hills.The wise are active;the virtuous are tranquil.The wise are joyful;the virtuous are long-lived.逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜。It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!食不厌精，脍不厌细。He did not dislike to have his rice finely cleaned, nor to have his minced meat cut quite small.非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动。Look not at what is contrary to propriety;listen not to what is contrary to propriety;speak not what is contrary to propriety;make no movement which is contrary to propriety.人无远虑，必有近忧。If a man take no thought about what is distant, he will find sorrow near at hand.君子有三戒。少之时，血气未定，戒之在色。及其壮也，血气方刚，戒之在斗。及其老也，血气既衰，戒之在得。There are three things which the superior man guards against.In youth, when the physical powers, are not yet settled, he guards against lust.When he is strong and the physical powers are full of vigor, he guards against quarrelsomeness.When he is old, and the animal powers are decayed, he guards against covetousness.唯女子与小人，为难养也。近之则不孙，远之则怨。Of all people, girls and servants are the most difficult to behave to.If you are familiar with them, they lose their humility.If you maintain a reserve towards them, they are discontented.为人处世

Philosophy of Life 君子不以言举人，不以人废言。The superior man does not promote a man simply on account of his words, not does he put aside good words because of the man.工欲善其事，必先利其器。A craftsman who wishes to do his work well must first sharpen his tools.君子和而不同，小人同而不合。The superior man aims at harmony but not at uniformity.The mean man aims at uniformity but not at harmony.欲速则不达，见小利则大事不成。If you have things done hastily, you will not reach the goal.If you only see small gains, you will not accomplish great tasks.其身正，不令而行；其身不正，虽令不从。When a ruler's personal conduct is correct, he will be obeyed without the issuing of orders.If his personal conduct is not correct, he may issue orders, but they will not be followed.岁寒，然后知松柏之后凋也。Only when the year becomes cold do we know how the pine and the cypress are the last to fade.见义不为，无勇也。To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage.见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。When we see men of worth, we should think of equalling them;when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves.君子欲讷于言，而敏于行。The superior man wishes to be slow in his speech and earnest in his conduct.三军可夺师也，匹夫不可夺志也。The commander of the forces of a large state may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him.知者不惑，仁者不忧，勇者不惧。The wise are free from perplexities;the virtuous from anxiety;and the bold from fear.克己复礼为仁。一日克己复礼，天下归仁焉。为仁由己，而由人乎哉。To subdue one's self and return to propriety, is perfect virtue.If a man can for one day subdue himself and return to propriety, all under heaven will ascribe perfect virtue to him.Is the practice of perfect virtue from a man himself, or is it from others? 君子敬而无失，与人恭而有礼。四海之内，皆兄弟也，君子何患乎无兄弟也。Let the superior man never fail reverentially to order his own conduct, and let him be respectful to others and observant of propriety:--then all within the whole country will be his brothers.What has the superior man to do with being distressed because he has no brothers? 君子成人之美，不成人之恶，小人反是。The superior man seeks to perfect the admirable qualities of men, and does not seek to perfect their bad qualities.The mean man does the opposite of this.何以报德？以直报怨，以德报德。With what then will you recompense kindness? Recompense injury with justice, and recompense kindness with kindness.巧言乱德。小不忍，则乱大谋。Specious words confound virtue.Want of forbearance in small matters confounds great plans.道不同，不相为谋。Those whose courses are different cannot lay plans for one another.——摘自China Daily《英语点津》

第二篇：官德读后感 以德施政 常修为政之德

以德施政 常修为政之德

——《官德》读后感

工会是党联系职工群众的桥梁和纽带，也是做好职工群众思想工作、保证单位和谐发展的关键环节。基层工会根植于广大职工之中，是整个工会工作的基础，而开展好基层工会工作的关键在于工会主席。身为一名基层单位的工会主席，经常会思考：“怎样当好基层工会主席”，我想这应该是每一位工会主席需要认真探索的问题。党员干部要通过不断加强党性修养，进一步增强人格魅力，树好官德形象。党员干部的人品、官德和党性看似个人修为，实则影响大矣，关系到群众的满意度、社会的公信度和党的事业兴衰。近期阅读了梁衡先生的《官德》一书，对如何当好领导干部，颇有一些感想。

《官德》一书对官德的要义做了深刻阐述，对官德的实践途径做了有益的探索。强调各级领导干部要身体力行，从自己做起，当标杆、做模范。强调要建立有效的规章制度，一手抓教育、一手抓规范，尤其要加强监督。对权力的监督，可以让领导干部变成一匹奋蹄腾飞的千里马；对权力的放纵，可能使其变成一个为所欲为的魔鬼。强调要开展经常性的批评与自我批评，消除不良作风、不良品德滋生蔓延的条

件。此外，还要大力树立典型、宣扬先进，引导领导干部“见贤思齐”，使良好品德蔚然成风。该书还列举多位优秀共产党员的事例，证明榜样的力量是巨大的。九十多年来，我们党之所以能保持生机与活力，就在于有千千万万立党为公、执政为民的好党员、好干部。我们党要继续带领人民前进，必须依靠广大党员特别是各级领导干部率先垂范，给社会一个榜样，使人们“以吏为师”。中国自古以来就有“以吏为师”的习惯，师什么呢？师其德。官德的高下直接影响到民德的高下、世风的高下。德是维系一个国家和民族健康发展的无形力量。治国先治吏，国败吏先衰。因为官员手中握有权力，任何道德的偏差失衡，都会产生一系列的“蝴蝶效应”，换句话说，官德甚至在某种程度上影响着改革发展与社会进步。这样一个事关国家发展建设的问题，对于身为记者、官员、作家、学者的梁衡来说，对于一个不折不扣的现实主义者来说，自然是无法回避、亟需探索和研究的。

我认为基层工会是广大职工群众的组织，工会主席是职工群众的代言人，有别于其他行政领导，不能“官味”太浓；但必须甚重“官德”；工会主席更不能害怕矛盾，要当好工会主席就必须得民心，顺民意，实实在在为职工着想，为职工办实事，办好事。通过阅读《官德》一书，我总结了以下几个观点：

一、着眼历史脉络，理解传统意义“官德”与新时代“官

德”的联系与区别。

官德是领导干部所应恪守的职业道德。我国封建社会形成了较为完备的官德体系，其中尤其强调“为政以德”和以身作则：前者讲为官者应以德施政、善待民众，以赢得百姓拥护；后者强调官员应以自己的德行去教育和感化百姓。唐太宗李世民曾结合汉代刘向的“六正六邪”，按德行将好官分为“高瞻远瞩的圣臣、扶善除恶的良臣、进贤不懈的忠臣、明察成败的智臣、廉洁奉公的贞臣、刚正不阿的直臣”，并以“圣明、贤良、忠诚、睿智、贞洁、正直”作为官德的主要内容。如今，我们共产党人的官德，除继承古代官德中的精华外，又结合革命、建设和改革的实践，加以创新和发展，更强调官德的为公和为民，强调官德的自律和他律，强调官德的实践性。在长期的革命、建设和改革中，我们党的干部队伍涌现出许多道德楷模，从周恩来、彭德怀等党和国家领导人，到焦裕禄、孔繁森、沈浩等各级干部，他们都赋予官德新的时代内涵。

二、着眼官德的本质与内涵，讲清官德的要义与实践途径。

该书从两个方面来阐述官德的内涵。一是围绕权力和工作，讲清领导干部必须坚持一心为公、一心为民，忠诚老实、勤政敬业、不贪不贿。二是围绕领导干部道德修养，讲清必须坚持人格独立、坚持真理，必须保持谦虚谨慎、宽厚坦荡 的胸怀和品格，必须保持淡泊名利的心态。在这些论点中，首要的是为公、为民。从政为公是由领导干部的职责所决定的。要做到一心为公，就必须过好“两关”：亲情关、亲信关；必须处理好“三个问题”：不徇私、不结党、敢牺牲。用这些尺子对领导干部进行考察，就可以度量出一个领导干部的优劣。一心为公是官德的第一要义。对我们党来说，为公与为民是高度统一的。正如胡锦涛总书记所指出：“对领导干部来说……只有一心为公，立党才能立得牢；只有一心为民，执政才能执得好。关键是要坚持做到权为民所用、情为民所系、利为民所谋。”

三、着眼现实需要，讲清官德建设的重要性和紧迫性。任何一个时代，都需要倡扬与时代发展要求相适应的官德，旨在通过官员的示范和表率作用，教化民众，引领社会风尚。如今，我们重视加强官德建设，是由官德的相对特殊性与重要性决定的，也是时代的要求、现实的呼唤和人民群众的期盼。对此，该书从两个方面作了深刻剖析。一是我们正处在社会转型时期，贫富差距加大，社会矛盾突出。面对道德滑坡、诚信失守等社会问题，对群众具有示范意义的官德能发挥“四两拨千斤”的作用，其影响不可低估。二是官德建设历来为我们党所重视。近年来，随着市场经济的发展，官德出现滑坡，出现令人担忧的腐败现象。比如，每当权威部门公布领导干部违纪违法案件时，官德就成为人们议论的

热点话题。尤其是在互联网技术迅猛发展的今天，官德问题直接影响党和政府的形象与公信力，为社会所关注。因此，加强官德建设刻不容缓。

四、坚持信仰，以德施政，常修为政之德

共产党员是讲信仰的。这种信仰存在于先进思想的发展之中，共产党员是用先进思想作武装的，她的生命就是信仰。

信仰是官德之母。《官德》虽对官员怎样加强官德修养作了十分详细的论述，但对官德的来源没有作详细的探究，这是一个遗憾。笔者认为，官德有三个来源:一是法律、法规的规定；二是社会风俗习惯的约定俗成；三是信仰对官员的道德自律要求。前两者是道德他律，后者是道德内律。为什么有信仰的人才有道德，从宗教角度分析，宗教信徒信奉某一神灵，无非是希望神灵保人生平安，灵魂不灭。为了达到此目的，宗教信徒必须严格按照宗教规定的道德来行事。再从马克思主义的教义来分析，马克思主义者认为，人类的未来一定是共产主义。作为共产党员，就必须坚持信仰，不能让信仰和时代脱节、不能让信仰和发展脱节，更不能让信仰和我们的宗旨脱节。坚持信仰，就要结合时代特征，不断用党的最新思想成果武装自己，不停学习，以哲学的辩证关系看待事物的发展变化，义务履行党的职责，追求党的事业。两者区别在于马克思主义信仰是可以通过实践的方式得到验证的，因而是科学的信仰，建立在科学信仰基础之上的道

德因而也是科学的、崇高的、牢固的。

理想信念不能丢。近几年，少数高级领导干部因腐败案被查处，一些公职人员“吃、拿、卡、要”现象屡禁不止，根本原因还在于信仰缺失，理想信念动摇。所以，当务之急是要加强党员干部的理想信念教育。笔者认为，部分党员干部理想信仰动摇，最主要的思想根源在于长期流行当今的各种社会思潮的干扰。因而笔者建议，在对党员干部进行马克思主义正面教育的同时，还要有针对性地对当今各种社会思潮进行有力的批判，让党员干部认清诸如民主社会主义、新自由主义、新左派、复古主义等思潮的本质特征、主张及其危害。

常修为政之德。党员干部树立了正确的理想信念，并不表示就有了“官德”。“官德”要靠个人来加强修养。佛教徒加强道德修养的方法主要是“禅”。古代知识分子加强道德修养的方法有许多，例如“吾日三省吾身”、“淡泊明志、宁静致远”等，这些方法对当今官员加强道德修养提供了较好的路径。但仅仅做到这些还不够，因为当今官员相对于古代官员有更高的追求。党员干部应该以胡锦涛总书记提倡的道德修养方法作为根本，常修为政之德，常思贪欲之害，常怀律己之心。张云泉的“三个比较对象”可以作为官员提升个人道德修养的实用方法。“三个比较对象”即:在理想信念上，要与老红军比；在工作上，要与模范人物比；在生活待遇上，要与困难群众比。如果每个党员干部都能这样比，“官德”就一定能上一个更高水平的台阶。

在新形势下，怎样做一个合格的工会主席？只要我们结合##行业特点和工作实践，以德施政，常修为政之德，紧跟时代潮流，发扬与时俱进的精神，勇于探索，大胆实践，一定能走出一条属于自己的，也能被广大职工群众所认可的 工会工作的成功之路。