第一篇：把长篇英语文章一次转为中文的方法
MEMS老师让我们读懂一篇长篇英语论文，这对我们可是一个巨大的挑战（学电子的英语不强是硬伤啊）。找好pdf论文后，接下来便开始尝试各种翻译，金山快译，有道翻译，谷歌翻译，bing翻译„„各种方法都是有长度限制，每次只能翻译一部分，文章长了后需要复制粘贴多次，很麻烦。而且文章里一般都配一些图，我希望翻译后文档图片仍然保留，只是英文部分换为译文。于是乎在百度，谷歌等各大引擎狂搜，翻了几十页网页后，终于找到了一个方法（吐槽一下：百度提问许多人不是好好回答问题，人家说了谷歌翻译试过了，希望一次都翻译出来，他们还给人简单的回答个用谷歌翻译。鄙视一下！！）。接下来我把过程用图文详细写出来。
一、准备工作
首先你的电脑必须得有两个软件，一个是adobe acrobat，一个是谷歌浏览器。adobe acrobat是专业的pdf编辑软件，功能上完全秒杀adobe reader和福昕阅读器，如何你平时只是阅读pdf文档，那福昕阅读器就不错，小巧而且功能也不少，如果你经常编辑pdf文档，那adobe acrobat是必备了，软件有点大，安装完1G多。它有哪些强大的功能，以及下载安装和破解大家自行搜索吧，反正度娘很强大（记得安装成专业版的，标准版的少一些功能）。还有一点，pdf不能是扫描版的，扫描版不能使用这个方法（如何看是不是扫描版自己搜索），我个人很讨厌扫描版的，又模糊又体积大。第二个软件是谷歌浏览器，看介绍说全球用户量已经超过了IE，用了用感觉是简洁清爽。好了，废话不说了，接下来开始教程。
二、具体步骤
1.你需要把你的pdf文档另存为网页形式。用adobe acrobat专业版打开文件后点击“文件”-----“另存为其它”----“HTML网页”
选择存放路径和文件名称（我保存在桌面），你会看到多出这两个文件
2.接下来使用谷歌浏览器打开刚才保存的网页文件，选中文件单击右键，选择“打开方式”----谷歌浏览器
谷歌浏览器会显示此网页为英文网页，是否需要翻译，点击翻译
大中午的，我在这里写这个困死了，室友都在睡觉呢，羡慕嫉妒啊，不过本着为电脑技巧献身的精神，接着往下干。再看他们一眼，哇！那个×××睡的口水都快要流出来了！偷乐一下，精神倍增
点击翻译后，谷歌浏览器会重新架构你的论文，文章内容都在呢，放心吧。咦？我的论文翻译了一部分卡在那儿了，真是奇怪，大家看看
什么原因呢，难道是谷歌浏览器的原因？我看了看谷歌浏览器的版本，不是最新版的，下载一个最新版的试试，附上地址： http://download.pchome.net/internet/browser/browser/download-141810.html 结果还是一样，于是找了另外几篇英文论文试了试，都很顺畅地全部翻译完了，悲催呀，当时我怎么就选了这么一篇文章啊。可是还得想办法，看看从哪儿开始不翻译了，对应pdf文档里把那儿的单词删了几个，重新保存成网页，重新用谷歌浏览器打开，就是重复上面的步骤，这次向下又翻译了一部分，但在另一处又卡住了，再删掉几个单词后，这下整篇一下都翻译完了，那个激动呀，哈哈，上图
大家看到没，原先里面的图片还都在呢，当然翻译不可能百分之百正确，不过百分之八九十已经出来了，我仔细看了看，不少专业术语也翻译出来了，毕竟谷歌的翻译是大家公认的嘛！
3.如果你只是想看看意思，那到这步就可以停止了，如果你想把译文保存下来成pdf，接着往下看，直接复制粘贴效果不好。
首先得设置一下谷歌浏览器，点击右上角的功能按钮，选择“工具”----“扩展程序”
把adobe acrobat扩展项启用。其实装完adobe acrobat
后，如果你电脑里装了
office的话，office
功能区里就会多一个
acrobat
选项
文件里也会多一个”另存为adobe pdf”选项，可以直接把word文档转化为pdf文件，非常方便。我把所有的word资料都转为pdf了。
弄开软件就由不得扯废话了，接下来我们继续操作，返回文章空白处点右键，你会发现多了一项创建pdf的选项，选择“将网页转化为pdf”，但是我的论文这个选项没用成（发现只要右上角像pdf那个小选项变亮，这项功能就能用了），我等了五分钟也没亮，如果你的能用，那到这步保存文件就都结束了。
没办法，只能再试试网址能不能用，当然是选我最爱的NBA网站了，哈哈，结果能用了，上图
4.如果你的也和我的一样亮不了，还有另外一种方法
首先在谷歌浏览器右上角功能选项里选择“网页另存为”，把网页保存在桌面。
然后打开adobe acrobat软件，选择创建pdf，然后找到你刚才保存的网页，点打开，你的pdf就保存了。最后晒图，哈哈，挺爽吧。
到此，你的论文就完全转为漂亮的中文pdf了。
第二篇：英语长篇文章
(一)The silence of the father At the age of 6.The playground, a little boy learn to ride a bike, standing next to his father.Without a guide, no comfort, the little boy is naturally fell and broke, and his legs was bleeding profusely.Finally, the child sitting on the ground, crying, crying.Father is still stood straight, eyes filled with disdain and cold.Children yearn to father's encouragement.No;How eager to dad hugs children, or not.Just empty eyes, let the child feel cold and ruthless.Finally, the child stopped crying, stubbornly stand up, get in the car, began to try again.Father is interest already, turned around, exceed big step, go.Behind it is a metal of the friction with the ground, his father just inadvertently back to the head, hands trembling.Children stood up, thinking of father just cold still look in the eyes, two lines of tears somehow slip his cheek.One step, two step, three steps...His father's footsteps still firm.At the age of 13.In the auditorium, the little boy was surrounded by the crowd took to the stage.Once again raised the cup, cheers tide once again.Honor, close in flash repeatedly, the children struggled to find his father.The crowd, but without him, the audience seats, only a him.Moment, the hall seemed empty, only a child with his father in the eye.Still so cold, is still so.The hollow eyes in father ten-fold trophy to fade.Stood up to his son, a grabbed the trophy, close the father did not hesitate to give it to the background of the teacher.Again, two lines of tears involuntarily flow down, one step, two step, three steps...His father's footsteps still firm.Yesterday.School, a youth with his father as a farewell.No greetings, no comfort, no hug, without a word.Staring at his father, and the lines of his deep, add some grey in his hair.Eyes with tears rolling, repressed.In the fuzzy, father's cold.There are some bright eyes.Shaking the hands of his sons, midair stopped, and shrink back.Pointed to the door, the father turned around again, did not move.Looks at the back of my father passed away.And close to the corner, father settle, looking back, glanced at, see son.Young people watched his father, also can not suppress the tears flowing down at last.In silence, in the heart is so warm, one step, two step, three steps...It is today.The examination room.One child in written on the silence of the father, filled with gratitude and pride.My father, his feelings such as cotton fine autumn rain, the gentle spring breeze, no ups and downs, just indifferent silence.The silence of the father, I really appreciate it.（二）With my parents Maybe we grew up no longer need parents much nagging, parents may be busy, forgot to talk with us, may be working, learning, entertainment occupied most of our time, so, for the word “communication”, we have already strange.Once upon a time, parents often listen to my heart;But now, the parents only listening to me will focus on learning situation.After the report, not dad's cell phone call, is mother's pager began to shake.I had lost his temper, but my parents only left helpless expression in my heart, and do they must do things in a hurry.I really want to let them like when I was young, listen to me about something interesting and naive, also want to find the sort of dad, mom touched my head say naive feeling.But for me, it's just a kind of desire, having a desire to communicate with heart.My heart always have your chest impulse, but watching them tired expression, the haggard faces of the looked at them, and I had to turn to the tongue pharynx back.Even though I can't really understand them, but I know, what they need now is a cup of warm tea or wash feet a basin of water, so the full words slowly sank to the bottom of my heart, the desire to communicate with them also cannot achieve.In my 15 years old birthday that day, the parents said a sentence “happy birthday”, even without any gift, and I know that they, too, looking for communication with me.Remember the other day I cough all night long, in addition to grandma stew soup and a few words of words is no other.I know parents busy, there would be no more complain, just silently without a word.And an afternoon nap, I saw my father is using hand touched my forehead, mother also with a soft hand hot hand took mine, and I am both surprised and excited, father covered in mud and mother with frying let me feel their love to me again.Namely at that time, wordless communication let's all about the desire to each other.Silent communication that we no longer feel the diaphragm, silent communication that we have to know each other.In modern society, seems to let more people to look for communication, rather than put it in front.Let's try to find it, no matter it is silent or audio, because the soul of communication good relaxed, happy.Learning of junior middle school three year life is coming to an end, we will run to a new starting point.At this point, how much I want to stay this colorful middle school life, how would you want the full understanding of communication class!The site of some of the moving scene came in my mind.Grade last semester in one day, the class will hold a class meeting, the class meeting began quietly.Who was the first speaker? As usual, this is our monitor.I'm thinking about.The corner of the classroom suddenly gave a clash of the tables and chairsbegan to write two Japanese papers.Accurately speaking, is not to write, is posted.With one more piece of modern Japanese literature, at three o 'clock in the afternoon at two o 'clock in the morning the next day another Japanese classic literature.Feel the efficiency is quite high.15, can finally idly watching cartoon.“The burning eyes shayna, now set out to 13.Is about a week ago, see a netizen signing on a BBS images, eye immediately was robbed in the past.Noticed that it has ”red-violet“ and ”い と う の い ぢ artist“, then baidu search, the result is found the film.Today's cartoon is more look not to come over, thought not so much time and energy to slowly, so the recent basically don't watch the movie, just watching a movie.Middle school students summer vacation happy zhou ji Summer vacation, my grandma and uncle are going to visit in Hong Kong, our family also to take this opportunity to travel to Hong Kong.So, we a line of seven people take the travel company car on August 16 went to Hong Kong.To Hong Kong in the afternoon, we went to Ocean Park.Buy a ticket, we take the cable car to the mountain to see the animals in the sea.The animals there are various, wonders, attracted many Chinese and foreign tourists.With people, let's walk into the aquarium.”Wow!“ I as if place oneself in the boundless sea, all kinds of fish around me joyfully ”dance“.The most lovely to count the lion fish, it has covered with flowers spots clothes, dance in the coral, deducing the wonderful dance.The clown fish is the most shy, small body, scales have red, yellow...Uniform color, hiding in the coral, looked at us, face red, like a shy little girl.Is at this time, again to a big fish, although I don't know its name, but look into the eyes of straight turn it which were ga zi ng, ridiculous, I give it a funny name ”foolish fish“.Just as I was with relish to enjoy the ”foolish fish“, a monster in my side swimming, near, near, oh, turns out to be a devil fish.It set a round fin, swaying wire, the long tail in the water to swim with pride.The appearance is somewhat like the devil.At sea is a great variety of fish, make a person dazzling.Here, I not only saw a variety of fish, but also know the process of their growth, there is no knowledge learned from books, is really kill two birds with one stone!Take people a long time, has the short oftwo infantry formations from the Beijing military region, a once in taihang mountain killed Japanese flower of the ”star“ ABuGuiXiu, another emerging as the ”first group“ of jinan 31 YingMo unit.The footsteps of footsteps, forcefully to continue the long march;Million mighty armies of courage of high precision, like a great river.Like the blue ocean, like the waves of whiteyeardeng xiaoping.People will never forget, just eight months after the 35th anniversary of National Day parade, deng xiaoping at the great hall of the east hall of a finger shocked the world: the Chinese army to cut one million.Like the shown on the big parade of imposing manner, like the rainbow on the stage of China's big disarmament, is of epoch-making significance of the whole.Through the strategic adjustment, the PLA has reduced the number of the major military commands and officers, and increased army aviation, electronic confrontation forces such as modern arms forces.Newly formed group army, the special for the first time exceeded the infantry...With ”yeh ting independent regiment“ tiejun, 18 wheeled armored fighting vehicle thundered past.From the horses to motorized to mechanization, the army of the people's liberation army has been basically formed a three-dimensional form a complete set of equipment system and comparison of mobile warfare support security system.As army a microcosm of upheaval, the mechanization of giants, with a fierce roars in majesty, waterfall of diarrhea.Daring to the tiananmen rostrum, mechanized formations of team leaders put up your hands.Tiananmen square, in 1900, the cannon on the qianmen, the eight more than 2900 punching the invaders in the palace held a ”parade“.Today, tiananmen square became a sea of 100000 double arm swing dance bunting, wreaths, woven elegantly beautiful picture, woven jiang zemin about military construction 20 eye-catching Chinese characters of ”general requirements“ : being qualified politically and competent militarily, a fine style, a strong sense of discipline and adequate logistical support.The scene, make the west on a balcony, a professor at the university of macau, a 65old Cheng Xianghui mixed feelings: ”.The article is that there is a armament construction of a peaceful environment, need such a strong national defense.“ The old man's words, says the rise and fall of the Chinese nation one hundred's show: a solid defense, a powerful army, is always the reliable guarantee for national prosperity and people's well-being.Like this waving flags, our army modernization construction of the relay with handed down from generation to generation;Like the straight strip on the feet, with Chinese characteristics a good soldier of the road more walk more wide.From the personnel quality historic leap to the establishment of highly efficient, from the long-term development of conventional weapons to defense cutting-edge technology breakthrough, from single service to the synthesis of various services and arms, and synchronous development of the republic of the people's army is the rapid change with their own appearance, to defend national sovereignty and territorial integrity provides strong powerful guarantee...Like a magnificent symphony, the end of a century review's gallery.11 when 5 points, four strategic missiles in the swing of the second artillery troops into a square at the same time, a mighty fleet of 10 air echelon to the low-level.Pierce the clouds and mist.25 painted camouflage of helicopter as green share, 107 new bombers, strike aircraft, like silver lightningI JunWei zhuang, zhuang wei in our country.The ground and tielui rolling;The air and warhawk roar.From land to fly the sky, from the ”millet plus rifles“ to the ”rocket“, China's defense modernization progresses day by day.Eight guards machine spray colorful color smoke, also has failed in tiananmen square five-color wreath form a huge dove pattern.Overlooking the square the arm like forest, in the 200 m fly domestic peers of the republic of armed helicopter Ma Xiangsheng, blood boiling, who hold the coloured ribbon was dancing? The people, ”he said.The Chinese people to stand up and the party's people's army.At 11 of 13 points, a military band played the last note, the parade lasted more than an hour ended the parade On the morning of October 1, military commission chairman jiang zemin inspected bus slowly east review armed forces.10 36 points, when jiang zemin spoke on tiananmen gate, military music echoed again over tiananmen square, great momentums of such the parade began.Like a flame flow drag, bright-coloured ensign first came into the line of sight of people.156 armed guards the ceremonial players that the sacred banner of blood.“Magnificent jinggangshan, bayi military flag is red, the first time, people have the army...” Together under the flag of the people's army from victory to victory, from glory to glory.“Forward, forward, forward...” 17 contingent with steps and acoustic, accept the country and the dignity of the people's review.Army three color camouflage, as if in the autumn colors of pastureblack ribbon, blue shawl sketch out the elegant demeanour, the majesty of his massive face engraved on the sea.Marine parade, with an average age of 18 shows people's navy toward the hope of the new century.In the sea, and lift them from pale blue to deep blue;In the sea, and lift them from abroad in the world.Black and white uniform, showing the spirit of roam the earth paratroopers athletes soar the skies, as was a sublime as hero troops, today, huang jiguang people of tropical rainforest volley wings, snow area plateau beyond, the former land tiger on the wings of an eagle.Parade through the individual power, such as strong breeze roar, such as spring thunder rolling.The youth of the olive green, armed police officers and soldiers blood cast shield;The orange like the sunrise, is the female militia phalanx dashing...“Forward, forward, forward...” Warriors, majestic.25 mechanized formations appear in front of people.Tanks streaming, BuZhanChe, armored vehicles was splendid, a MOE howitzers, bombard, plus howitzer, rocket gu and self-propelled anti-aircraft gun chin...Martial music sound, rumble of the motor.The tiananmen square, and the Beijing, the whole China, in this moment resonates--This is 13 National Day military parade in the largest arms.Was born in the new period of reform and opening-up of army aviation, marines, armed special police, reserve forces, today for the first time into the specially-built force.All this, attached to a century great nameyeararmed fighters aviation joint formation flying over tiananmen square for the first time.A bow shot Sirius.Gold pieces medium-range and long-range missiles handheld device maker e-ten blazing, like a mighty dragona concern.For care, maybe only need a simple greeting, or a knowing smile, can let a person smile, let a person experience motherly care.Don't be too stingy, a greeting, a smile won't let you lose what, can let your personality get distillation.Read “a dream of red mansions” inductive, and Lin sister a dream of red mansions, casually over a few times before, today again stressed, unexpectedly found himself more and more to the younger sister Lin has a new knowledge and understanding.At first, the Lin sister cry and ChouYan feel unreasonable, how much is a good family, why to a little bit sad tears? Are so petty, compared with treasure chai is not a good family demeanor and temperament.He saw her, always let a person feel depressed and dull.Is this what she calls a “depression”? Slowly, I was her outstanding talent and surprise.She is full of talent, no one can and might;Her story and her stubborn temper, she is more innocent and pure...Her story is sympathetic, although also was born in the home of the rulers, but have been sick, out the door, little unexpectedly in the medicine bubble older, already the body more weak, sickly may be “only child”, parents of the “eye” of love and love.Family's custom, etiquette than that those who are poor, but it's more shows her distinctive character, showing her and she is cautious.The literature of the dai jade, poetry is unsurpassable composition and intelligent, but the face of cynicism, I don't know aspirant treasure jade, she instead of blame, instead of partial lavishly.She is really don't like the moral codes of the family, the treasure jade cynicism, this should be the treasure jade, and the further development of the dai jade love, treasure jade they finally find a bosom friend of each other.Everyone advised treasure jade to study hard, earning fame, dai jade was shown to fame.In her delicate appearance, but with a despised and spit on the old feudal imperial fame.I most admire her this!Although the dai jade not to take an examination of fame of the treasure jade appreciation, but she patiently taught xiang ling poetry, educate xiang ling.She is not opposed to knowledge and the literature, just hate fame.She carefully, patience, wholeheartedly teach xiang ling poetry, in order to let the sisters to get rid of the fate, who can compare with her? No know!Besides, said her purity and not a trace of all.Lin sister read “the west chamber”, this is a top on acid at the time, especially for family, but also can't read.Lin sister didn't want to so much, she read “is” the west chamber “, ”the worship of the ying-ying went and Cui Yingying persistent love to read and appreciate the beauty of meantime.Treasure sister criticism “sister Lin how to read this book? I tell the old lady.” Treasure chai sets in the dai jade in the heart of the images of good sister.But treasure elder sister? Really good? A reputation everywhere left her gentle is virtuous, but in eavesdropping on being found when others speak said “sister Lin just came up.” Framed by sister Lin.This to the poor sister Lin, can't find the bosom friend, no one can listen to her words, only and the treasure jade also can talk, they often play small temper in front of him.Sister good values of compassion, Lin came to Jia Fu alone, alone here, sponsor, what matter all to be careful, watch others everywhere, I'm afraid others joke, she said she did not know the rules.She is very sensitive about everything around, weak nervous moments in defence of his, this is the result of her own, the character of revolt, her mouth speak words like a knife, others said she was “a bad mouth.” She also had to do so.She is insignificant, neither master Jia Fu's finances, and regardless of daily chores, so, how is locked and the servants are not value her, and there is no shelter her, how don't injury situation facing the fallen petal;Were missing mother how not shed tears? Others not have this kind of feeling, couldn't understand her, and said she was only crying, said the body of her sick, said her petty...To repay past debt, tears flow for twenty years, how many tears will flow dry, and how much debt it has finished.Her fate is bumpy.Cao xueqin “a sad tears” and her tears all have too much similar.Sister Lin in a busy, have not yet enjoy onto hand left earth, and the treasure jade love became a bubble, just like that.May be the go to, the debt is finished, tears...Pure, innocent, not complicated, tenacious inner net against feudalism, warm and bold in the pursuit of his own happiness.Dai jade is made of water, pure water, but can impact rock cliffs, isn't a lake water, but the water has been forward flow.Sigh sigh only the net of the old society to Lin sister too much depressed and dull, sigh sigh god playing tricks on people, only lovers but can't together, beautiful dai jade but can't get your own happiness, but her pursuit, doing his best.Die may be in the great house collapsed Jia Fu before god for his life as thin as paper a kind of compensation, the scene when she don't have to look at houses down, she don't have to experience the pain, she can no longer suffering!God is the biggest gift for her keep her beautiful, although brought some desolate.Search bandar was swept away by a broken seat.Treasure chai can only lived alone...Sister Lin not only weep is nothing.Instead, she is bold to pursue their own happiness, against the spirit of the bondage of feudal ethical code is worth for sure.She is truly a pure, pure “psychic baoyu.Read the camel xiangzi feeling when I was small I know China has a writer named Lao she.His name in my heart has always been a tragedy.I knew he was specially written for the poor, designed for the poor, know he beat and scold suffered humiliation in the ”cultural revolution“, the last than ”a shameful life“, and threw herself into the lake.In him I see the scholar's moral integrity, see China at the time of darkness.”Camel xiangzi is Lao she famous work, but I haven't read.I know it is about a coachman's miserable experience, I can't bear to see another tragedy.See, the in the mind uncomfortable along while, much is not good.But I just found out that, after watching the “camel xiangzi did not call a person tears touching plot, it from the beginning to the end with a flat tone, but can't help to let your xiangzi untimely.It is about a driver in the 30 s to make a living.Xiangzi a teenager from the country came to the countryside, when he is pure and firm, he had a simple dream: make money, buy their own cars.For a few years later, he finally had a new car.He could have a better life, but because of the simple into the jaws, caught by the army.Though he escaped in the future, also stole three camels, bought more than 30 yuan, but his dream has been shattered.Without a car.Everything from scratch.The arrest brought him great blow.He wanted to stand up, but found himself is far less strength.He just want to laptop hoping to make money, what don't entertain wild hope.Unexpectedly, bad things always let him hit.To help master of his cart, he had been cheated, money to buy the camels and their hard-earned hard-earned money all let a wicked detective to cheat.He once again fall into the abyss of pain.Dealership owner liu three yes, the daughter of their played a small means cheat him and she got married.He don't love their, have to get married.When their really pregnant, can he thought a good dad.During this time, he met little child, one to dwell in the painting of the girls from poor families.They gradually produced a sincere affection.But their because died during childbirth.Their dead, he's not tore heart crack lung of sad, but did not have children, this made him very sad.Little children want to go with him, two people don't speak, finally missed the chance.When the persecution in the outside do not fight against being cheated again, he looks for the small blessing son, found that she had committed suicide.I don't know the persecution will once again stand up, forget the past start again, after all, he's not too old.But, can he? If a person after experienced so much blow can also stand up, seem to be very difficult.Story no xiangzi the fate of the future, but for our endless imagination.He is like a book of small and medium-sized horse grandpa, there was a miserable old age, the homelessness, or really wake up, really start again? We all want to be the latter.Because who also don't want to see a person, have a miserable life.But at that time, the lower the working people, who isn't life like that? I this lifetime of the protagonist, the hero of the ”crescent moon“, they are the witness of The Times.Miserable experience not only stop on them, and even continue to the next area, and down.To get liberation and the people well is not easy to take charge of the masters, how long is not good, here comes a cultural revolution.The drama increasingly fierce, finally caused the ”10 years of chaos“ in Chinese history.During this period, the people suffer, how much less than before liberation.A few days ago, watched a TV called contemporary workers, specially to visit some of Beijing's taxi driver.They earn money in addition to own use, but also for the company to pay installment payment of cost of rent or buy a car.Money really fell on their own hands, just enough for a family dinner.So they had to postpone a little and a little time to go home, some drivers just sleep four or five hours a day.There was a man said the phrase: ”if I hadn't really no way out, really don't do this.“ Is this the story of xiangzi and how many have some similar? The history of China, China's development, after many ups and downs.Today's millennium hard-won.But we don't know that China will not repeat mistakes of the past.We can only pray, won't.Read ”how the steel was tempered“ inductive recently, read ”how the steel was tempered“ book, feeling deep.Read when the mood is with the growth of Paul ko ezer gold, fate and ups and downs.To savor the book, taste the spirit of Paul.Increasingly feel that we should be learn from the spirit of Paul nutrition, firm the ideal faith, set up the correct world outlook, the outlook on life and values.Remember some words in the book popular: ”human life is the most precious.When he look back on the past, should not regret for mediocre...almost no one willing to mediocrity of life, because even the grass is also trying to add a trace of green for spring, hope on nor been left his own shadow.But not everyone had a piece of good steel.So how the steel was tempered? I believe you will appear in the mind of the fire of steel-making scenes.In fact, life is like steel!Nothing is born, “iron” into “steel”, there is only one wayin the wars of the battlefield, in the face of the test of life and death, he did not retreat;The raging blizzard's construction site, in the face of human unbearable labor intensity and cold, he didn't fell.In the case of blind, sick, in the face of lost manuscript, body go from bad to worse relentless strikes, he still didn't give in, finally from a young boy, he was born poor grew into a have lofty ideals, noble character and tenacious style of communist fighter.Life, can be said to be a tortuous and bumpy road.In the journey of life, you will meet heavy difficult, want to go to the blow in the face of failure and the pain of not understood, and so on.However, all this is temporary.After the break barriers, overcome difficulties, the
第三篇：和大家聊聊我的读英语文章的一些方法
浅谈英语文章阅读
学习一门外语从来不是一件容易的事。很多学习英语的朋友，单词背了不少，口语也花了不少时间练习，但英语水平总是没有大的提高。一个很重要的原因就是——“阅读”的重要性被忽略了。通常，要熟练使用英语，每年至少要保证有200万字的输入（阅读）和4万字的输出（写作）。
参考：好的英语是“读”出来的
一、阅读英文文章的技巧
1、扩大阅读视野
所谓阅读视野是指眼睛在“凝视”的瞬间所能接收或覆盖的印刷符号。普通读者眼睛停顿时可接收两个英语单词，阅读能力强的读者一眼可以看四个左右的单词，但能力差的读者一眼只能接收一个或者不到一个的单词。因此，在相等的阅读时间里，视野狭窄的读者所看到的单词要少得多，如果再经常复视，读速肯定快不了。
我们阅读时应该特别注意词的整体性，要把注意力放在句子中较大的单位上，而不要放在一个个孤立的单词上。例如，下面的句子可以分成三个词群，Most paragraphs/ have a topic sentence/ which expresses the central idea.我们不妨将它们作为三个相对独立的整体看待，阅读时，眼睛只要停顿三次而不是十次。
2、用英语思考
在阅读时，不必把英文翻译成中文，否则将大大地降低阅读速度，从而影响对阅读材料的全面理解。
3、注意预读
预读是每个读者必须掌握的一项基本阅读技巧。在我们正式阅读一本书之前，首先应该通过预读粗略地估计一下该书写的是什么内容。书籍预读主要包括以下七个方面(1)思考标题的含义(2)速读作者姓名与书籍出版日期(3)看看封面或书中的照片或插图(4)速读目录内容(5)浏览索引或附录(6)速读作者简介以及前言(7)浏览书尾的参考书目。
短篇文章预读要相对地简单一些。它主要包括阅读标题、作者姓名以及照片和插图。有些读者不知道预读的重要性，或者觉得它是浪费时间。特别是在做阅读与理解测试题时，时间一紧，他们就忽略预读，捧起文章就埋头看正文。由于跳过了预读这一重要环节，他们的阅读在相当长的时间内是在盲目的探索中进行的。
4、增强猜词能力
看文章经常会遇到一些生词。这时，我们不要急于查词典，许多生词的意义都可以猜出来。查词典不但会减慢读速，而且会打断读者的思路，降低阅读效率。猜词义的方法多种多样。最常用的是根据上下文猜测生词的含义。另外我们还可以根据构词法(如前缀、后摄)，同义词、反义词等揣摸某些生词的意思。当然，有不少生词(特别是一些抽象名词)的意思是很难猜出来的。如果它们对理解文章内容无多大妨碍，我们完全可以跳过它，不要把精力过分地放在猜词义上。只见树木而不见树林的阅读方法是不可取的。
二、不良的阅读习惯 1.音读
出声阅读的主要弊病就是使阅读速度和效率受说话速度的限制。因为，正常默读速度几乎要比出声朗读的速度快两倍以上。嘴唇的活动无疑会影响眼睛的扫视速度，“一个有效率的读者能够只要看到印刷符号，就直接获得意思，而不经过声音阶段。”因此，要克服这种不良的阅读习惯，就要训练自己养成通过视觉器官直接感知文字符号的视读能力。
2.心读
心读是一种很难观察到的阅读习惯。心读时，人体的任何部位，不论嘴、头或声带都没有动，只存在一种说话的内在形式：学生在内心里始终自言自语，清晰地发出并听着每个字音。这种毛病直接影响到阅读的速度和效率，并且矫正起来又比较困难。强制自己加快阅读速度的方法一般能逐渐克服这种坏习惯。
3.指读
指读是指用手指、铅笔或尺子等指着一个个词进行阅读的习惯。这种指读的单纯机械运用不仅会减慢阅读速度，而且还会把我们的注意力引向错误的方向。一个高效率的阅读者不会注意单词的位置，也不会在每个单词上平均花费时间，而是把注意力集中在作者要阐明的思想内容上。4.复视
复视指的是读完一个句子或段落后回过头去重复阅读。阅读能力差的朋友往往过分依赖于复视以养成一种习惯。改变这种不良习惯的办法就是让自己阅读大量难度适宜的读物，这样就不会因遇到生词或不太懂的短语、句子或段落而回过头来再看，以至养成复视的习惯。5.头的摆动
阅读时头部下意识地左右摆动是阅读的另一坏习惯。在阅读过程中，有些人往往尽量使自己的鼻尖对准他正在读的每一个字。这种头的摆动，学生往往意识不到，而正是这种不必要的动作往往对阅读速度产生影响。因此，必须克服这种毛病，养成阅读时只移动视线的习惯。
第四篇：学习英语心得体会文章：英语中背诵的方法
很多同学说，英语学习是很难啃的骨头，而最难的关节是记忆单词，如何记忆英语单词？大家都会说，背。如何背？看着单词，花时间背。我发现，的确有很多同学是下定决心，不怕辛苦，背！可在许多情况下，效果不很明显，不久就忘，也不会实际运用。做任何事情，都要花心血，英语学词更是如此。其实，英语学习本身是一个反复记忆、反复练习、反复使用的过程。怎样有效地记忆单词，我曾困惑过，也用了一些方法，在教学过程中，慢慢地总结出以下几点：
1、要音、形、义放在一起记，而不是分开的，要朗读。在背单词时，要有声，让自己听见。有人默背，效果就不如出声明显。疯狂英语有一个显著的特点就是读，要读得响，读得快，读得疯狂，这样，人就激奋，大脑皮层处于活跃的状态，更容易记忆。这种方法的确有用，不妨试试。
2、单词要放在句子、文章中记忆。单一的一个单词是呆板枯燥的中文解释，很难记忆。例如，right一词，它可以作名词解释为权力、右边，作形容词意思是对的，以及副词意思是恰当地、正就，还有短语on the(one`s)right在……右边，all right这个短词又有很多解，right away马上，以及复合形容词right-handed用右手的（与左撇子相反），rightly确实地等等…… 在文章中，有更多整体的内容可以表达。而且，通过大量的阅读，可以不断地重复使用所学的单词。这样，就不会使所背的单词被遗忘，也巩固了学习成果，而且，英文阅读也可以丰富我们的知识，对西方文化有所了解，开阔我们的视野，陶冶我们的情趣。另外，记忆单词可以归类，例如：“取得”，我们可以有get、attain、reach、achieve.可以从词缀上记忆，有些动词加了一定的后缀变成了名词，哪些以t结尾的形容词将t改为ce成了名词，哪些形容词加ly变成副词，而哪些以ly结尾的仍是形容词等等。
一、词汇的记忆 词是语言的一个单位，是可以单独用来构成句子或话语的最小单位。学习任何语言都必须掌握大量词汇。词汇的记忆对学习外语说来，无疑是十分重要的一个方面。然而，在外语教和学的实践中，许多单纯背诵词表的学习者往往事倍功半收效甚微，很少能学有所成。从而在外语教学中对是否要组织词汇教学和如何学习词汇，一直存在着不同的意见。现在看来，一味强调熟记单词，以为只要记住些单词就能掌握一种语言的观点当然不对，而仅仅强调以句子为基本单位进行学习，完全忽视词汇的掌握，同样是错误的。因为前者孤立记忆单词不易记住，即使记住些单词也很难在言语中使用；后者在句子学习中固然也能掌握单词，但完全开词的学习，对词的理解不深，记忆不牢固，而言语使用过程中实际上要求对一个个替换框架中的空位迅速用词来填补。不仅如此，一个单词在很多情况下也可以是句子。对话中的简单回答，也往往是一个词。词的熟记对掌握语言的重要性是无容置疑的。强调记忆各种层次上的语言材料，在重视句子教学同时也重视词的教学实属必要。因而学习外语必须十分注意词汇的记忆。应了解有效记忆词汇的原理和方法，这才能使外语的教和学事半功倍，而不是相反。如前所述，记忆的恢复有两种形式：再认和重现。对记忆词汇说来，极应注意这两种恢复形式的特点。每个外语学习者都用各种方法记住了不少外语单词。所记住的这些词，一般都能用来理解外语材料。当然这里所说的记住，首先是对所记的词已有正确理解。至于表达，至于在言语中使用，则往往只能是所记住的词中很少的一部分。这就是我们前面提到的不同的掌握程度。领会式掌握总是先于复用式和活用式掌握语言材料。领会式掌握的突出标志是理解，仅仅要求对记忆的材料再认，即当原刺激重新呈现时能认出；而复用式和活用式掌握则突出表达和使用，要求对记忆的材料能够重现，即当原刺激不存在时能够回忆出来。这虽是一个完整的掌握语言过程的两个阶段，但由于人们学习外语的条件和要求并不完全一样，不同阶段的水平也可以成为不同学习者各自的学习目的。不同的目的也可以采取不同的方法。因此我们在谈到词汇的记忆时，不妨就再认和重现这两个方面来分析。
（一）以再认为主 在以再认为主的教学活动中，首先应帮助学生理解生词意义。学习者应当知道，一段材料中如存在少量生词，有时并不妨碍对材料的理解，反过来，在理解整段材料之后，对个别生词倒反而能够猜出其意义。学习者还必须明确，他们不可能也没有必要一下子记住任何一个词的全部意义，只能是先记住词的一般意义。总是要在各种上下文中多次接触以后，才能逐渐熟悉一个词的多种意义和用法。不同类型的词，其记忆效果也是不同的。一般说来，比较具体的实词，有着确定的形象，最容易记忆。虚词虽然使用较复杂，毕竟数量有限，而且出现的频率高，因而也不难掌握。问题倒是那些不易构成形象的词，亦即那些具有抽象概念的名词、动词、形容词和副词。这些词都有足够的内容，为正确理解材料所必需，但有些词太抽象，而且出现的频率太低，不易记住。因此词汇记忆中最大的问题也正是集中在这些词方面。其次，词汇的记忆方面，形式可能比意义更重要。我们是依靠词的形式引向词的意义的，因为我们总是先看见或听见特定的“形态”，然后试图记忆该形态的意义。因此在以理解为主的教学中，应以形式作为通向意义的主要通道。至于产生则正好相反，是由意义引向在特定情境下恰当的形式。关于记忆的研究表明，词是在联想网络中储存和记忆的。这些联想可有许多类型，并与许多通道连接。例如，我们的内部词汇中的词，不仅在意义、形式和语音等方面，而且还在视觉上——我们把相似的形状在心灵的视野中联系起来——以 在学习和经验这些词的语境中其他部分都彼此相互联系。了解词义就成了了解与其他词之间联想的任务。因而要有效地教词，就必须在联想网络中来呈示要教的 词。研究还表明，心理活动对记忆产生有力的影响，“认知深度”与保持有着紧密联系。意思是说，愈是积极地解决问题，就愈能使信息持久储存。因而组织各种形式的词汇练习很有帮助。不仅如此，为巩固已学的词汇，还应鼓励学习者运用适当的记忆方法来帮助记忆词汇。
地理位置 这是最古老而为人熟知的记忆方法，其主要依据是，人们就“认知图式”进行操作的事实。“认知图式”是熟悉的视觉形象序列，易于重现。这些形象（位置）通常可以是处于便于旅游的通道上，但也可能是在熟悉的房间里的实物，著名故事中的事件或任何其他这类熟悉的序列。要记忆一个词，可形成其视觉形象，并置于想象的图景中的一个位置上。回忆起这整个图景时，这些词的恢复也就毫不费力了。例如一批表示身体器官的词，面部有哪些器官，胸腹部有哪些脏器，结合各种器官所在位置进行记忆，显然比记一张词表，效果会好得多。如：tom is a active actor，who acts in social activities actively。an experiment is valid only insofar as the experimenter学习者不能只是读背词表，还必须结合句子或话语中上下文理解和记忆。多次强化 信息必须经过多次强化才能在记忆中牢固保持。但强化不是机械地简单重复。大量阅读可在上下文中帮助再认学过的词汇；各种形式练习也都具有巩固词汇的作用。记得五十年代初期曾经介绍过一种“循环记忆法”。当时的做是定时反复记诵词表。考虑遗忘规律安排反复识记时间未始不无意义，但简单背诵词表毕竟很难提高记忆效果。循环记忆法的失败，不在于“多次强化”是否必要，而是在于强化方法上的不足和失当。多通道输入 每个词都有其形、音、义和一定的变化，包括结构变化、语音变化和语义变化。听觉感觉到词的发音而未见过词的形态，甚至根本不了解其词义，这就并未获得理解达到认知的程度。对词的掌握总是要视、听、动觉多方面的协同工作。曾为此创造了许多有益的教学方法，也有过不少争论。争论的焦点似乎多数集中在视、听的先后次序上。实践证明，彼此的做法也并非水火不能相容，效果也并无太大悬殊。使用每种方法都曾培养过出色的外语人才。问题是必须根据不同的学习条件，针对不同的学习目标，采取不同的学习方法。由于当代科学技术的迅猛发展，录音、录象等先进技术进入教学领域，以致有可能创造必要 的学习条件来帮助学习。词的形、音、义可以同时呈示，组织多通道输入，使学习者能够迅速建立各方面联系，准确掌握词的各个方面，有利于理解和保持。
（二）以重现为主 在以表达为主的教学活动中，对学习者说来，更为重要的是尽可能迅速而不费劲 地运用新储存的语言材料，而不是等待准确掌握所有的词汇（或完美地掌握语法）。即使他们的表达还不够标准，也应在某种流利程度上积极参加会话，争取更多使用语言的机会。有人主张在学习初期应鼓励学习者使用“洋泾浜”外语。意在使学习者勇于讲话，不要怕错。学习期间使用语言，错误在所难免。怕错就不敢讲，不敢讲就失去练习机会，不能积极掌握语言材料。为避免错误，应在提供的语言材料和学习方法等方面下功夫。例如，在初期，多用实词，多用具体名词，多用没有形态变化的名词和动词等等。信息的储存并不能保证恢复，必须考虑使有效利用恢复线索的可能性得以增加的方法。首先是需要侧重词义方面的方法，因为表达时必须找到适合特定情况的意义。因而为表达所需的最有效的联想骨干是与词及其意义相联系的。以下是按意义集中词汇的几种方法。1．情境序列 情境序列是话语中词汇关系的内聚锁链，是由于话语中的主题其目的或其结构而联想的词群；是与特定的情境有关的一些词。例如，关于百货公司的会话，很可能包含象prise（价格）、floor（底价）、sales（拍卖）、charge（收费）、clothes（服装）之类的词； 2．语义序列 语义序列包含由各种推论关系构成联系的词。同情境序列一样，语义序列也是把有关的词集中起来，使这些推理联想更明显。词可归类为：同义词、（sofa沙发，couch沙发长椅）、反义词（wide宽，narrow窄）、同座标词（oak，elm栎树、榆树）、上座标词（wolf，animal狼、动物）、下座标词（fruit，pear水果、梨）等。所有这些类别还可按同义词进一步下分。如正规的和不正规的同义词（child孩子、kid俚语中孩子）；肯定的和否定同义词（thrifty节约的，stingy吝啬的），核心的和加强的词（mad疯狂的、furious狂暴的）。另外一种语义序列是刺激一反应对偶，如 accident（事故），car（汽车）；baby（婴儿）、mother（母亲）。人们对一定刺激词的反应似乎有着很大的一致性，应利用这一特点来组织材料帮助学习者形成更有效的联想。3．隐喻序列 根据某些比较具体或比较熟悉的事物去理解某些常常是抽象或神秘的事物的隐喻，能对我们的思维和行动的方法施加有力的影响。例如把争论喻为战争 4．搭配 语言中有些词习惯上要求一定搭配词，不能乱用。英语中如heavy rain（大雨），heavy与rain搭配，不用big与rain搭配；convenient time（合适的时间），但不能用convenientperson（适当的人）。每个词有一定的搭配范围，这些搭配范围限制词的意义和用法。一般说来，搭配有两个重要特点。一是一个词的意义同与之有共同联想的词关系很大。这些联想不仅帮助学习者记忆，还有助于确定词的语义范围，能帮助学习者从上下文推断意义。二是搭配使人能知道他们期待发现的是哪一类词。人们总是能够从前面一个词预见后续的是什么信息，常能在听到熟悉的搭配的第一部分就猜出其意义。这也是理解组块的另一种表现。总的说来，由于这些固定的搭配往往可以作为整体来记忆，从而不仅有助于对词汇的记忆，而且便于在言语中表达、使用.
第五篇：学习英语心得体会文章：英语中背诵的方法
学习英语心得体会文章：英语中背诵的方法
很多同学说，英语学习是很难啃的骨头，而最难的关节是记忆单词，如何记忆英语单词？大家都会说，背。如何背？看着单词，花时间背。我发现，的确有很多同学是下定决心，不怕辛苦，背！可在许多情况下，效果不很明显，不久就忘，也不会实际运用。做任何事情，都要花心血，英语学词更是如此。其实，英语学习本身是一个反复记忆、反复练习、反复使用的过程。怎样有效地记忆单词，我曾困惑过，也用了一些方法，在教学过程中，慢慢地总结出以下几点：
1、要音、形、义放在一起记，而不是分开的，要朗读。在背单词时，要有声，让自己听见。有人默背，效果就不如出声明显。疯狂英语有一个显著的特点就是读，要读得响，读得快，读得疯狂，这样，人就激奋，大脑皮层处于活跃的状态，更容易记忆。这种方法的确有用，不妨试试。
2、单词要放在句子、文章中记忆。单一的一个单词是呆板枯燥的中文解释，很难记忆。例如，right一词，它可以作名词解释为权力、右边，作形容词意思是对的，以及副词意思是恰当地、正就，还有短语on the(one`s)right在„„右边，all right这个短词又有很多解，right away马上，以及复合形容词right-handed用右手的（与左撇子相反），rightly确实地等等„„ 在文章中，有更多整体的内容可以表达。而且，通过大量的阅读，可以不断地重复使用所学的单词。这样，就不会使所背的单词被遗忘，也巩固了学习成果，而且，英文阅读也可以丰富我们的知识，对西方文化有所了解，开阔我们的视野，陶冶我们的情趣。另外，记忆单词可以归类，例如：“取得”，我们可以有get、attain、reach、achieve.可以从词缀上记忆，有些动词加了一定的后缀变成了名词，哪些以t结尾的形容词将t改为ce成了名词，哪些形容词加ly变成副词，而哪些以ly结尾的仍是形容词等等。
一、词汇的记忆 词是语言的一个单位，是可以单独用来构成句子或话语的最小单位。学习任何语言都必须掌握大量词汇。词汇的记忆对学习外语说来，无疑是十分重要的一个方面。然而，在外语教和学的实践中，许多单纯背诵词表的学习者往往事倍功半收效甚微，很少能学有所成。从而在外语教学中对是否要组织词汇教学和如何学习词汇，一直存在着不同的意见。现在看来，一味强调熟记单词，以为只要记住些单词就能掌握一种语言的观点当然不对，而仅仅强调以句子为基本单位进行学习，完全忽视词汇的掌握，同样是错误的。因为前者孤立记忆单词不易记住，即使记住些单词也很难在言语中使用；后者在句子学习中固然也能掌握单词，但完全开词的学习，对词的理解不深，记忆不牢固，而言语使用过程中实际上要求对一个个替换框架中的空位迅速用词来填补。不仅如此，一个单词在很多情况下也可以是句子。对话中的简单回答，也往往是一个词。词的熟记对掌握语言的重要性是无容置疑的。强调记忆各种层次上的语言材料，在重视句子教学同时也重视词的教学实属必要。因而学习外语必须十分注意词汇的记忆。应了解有效记忆词汇的原理和方法，这才能使外语的教和学事半功倍，而不是相反。如前所述，记忆的恢复有两种形式：再认和重现。对记忆词汇说来，极应注意这两种恢复形式的特点。每个外语学习者都用各种方法记住了不少外语单词。所记住的这些词，一般都能用来理解外语材料。当然这里所说的记住，首先是对所记的词已有正确理解。至于表达，至于在言语中使用，则往往只能是所记住的词中很少的一部分。这就是我们前面提到的不同的掌握程度。领会式掌握总是先于复用式和活用式掌握语言材料。领会式掌握的突出标志是理解，仅仅要求对记忆的材料再认，即当原刺激重新呈现时能认出；而复用式和活用式掌握则突出表达和使用，要求对记忆的材料能够重现，即当原刺激不存在时能够回忆出来。这虽是一个完整的掌握语言过程的两个阶段，但由于人们学习外语的条件和要求并不完全一样，不同阶段的水平也可以成为不同学习者各自的学习目的。不同的目的也可以采取不同的方法。因此我们在谈到词汇的记忆时，不妨就再认和重现这两个方面来分析。
（一）以再认为主 在以再认为主的教学活动中，首先应帮助学生理解生词意义。学习者应当知道，一段材料中如存在少量生词，有时并不妨碍对材料的理解，反过来，在理解整段材料之后，对个别生词倒反而能够猜出其意义。学习者还必须明确，他们不可能也没有必要一下子记住任何一个词的全部意义，只能是先记住词的一般意义。总是要在各种上下文中多次接触以后，才能逐渐熟悉一个词的多种意义和用法。不同类型的词，其记忆效果也是不同的。一般说来，比较具体的实词，有着确定的形象，最容易记忆。虚词虽然使用较复杂，毕竟数量有限，而且出现的频率高，因而也不难掌握。问题倒是那些不易构成形象的词，亦即那些具有抽象概念的名词、动词、形容词和副词。这些词都有足够的内容，为正确理解材料所必需，但有些词太抽象，而且出现的频率太低，不易记住。因此词汇记忆中最大的问题也正是集中在这些词方面。其次，词汇的记忆方面，形式可能比意义更重要。我们是依靠词的形式引向词的意义的，因为我们总是先看见或听见特定的“形态”，然后试图记忆该形态的意义。因此在以理解为主的教学中，应以形式作为通向意义的主要通道。至于产生则正好相反，是由意义引向在特定情境下恰当的形式。关于记忆的研究表明，词是在联想网络中储存和记忆的。这些联想可有许多类型，并与许多通道连接。例如，我们的内部词汇中的词，不仅在意义、形式和语音等方面，而且还在视觉上——我们把相似的形状在心灵的视野中联系起来——以 在学习和经验这些词的语境中其他部分都彼此相互联系。了解词义就成了了解与其他词之间联想的任务。因而要有效地教词，就必须在联想网络中来呈示要教的 词。研究还表明，心理活动对记忆产生有力的影响，“认知深度”与保持有着紧密联系。意思是说，愈是积极地解决问题，就愈能使信息持久储存。因而组织各种形式的词汇练习很有帮助。不仅如此，为巩固已学的词汇，还应鼓励学习者运用适当的记忆方法来帮助记忆词汇。地理位置 这是最古老而为人熟知的记忆方法，其主要依据是，人们就“认知图式”进行操作的事实。“认知图式”是熟悉的视觉形象序列，易于重现。这些形象（位置）通常可以是处于便于旅游的通道上，但也可能是在熟悉的房间里的实物，著名故事中的事件或任何其他这类熟悉的序列。要记忆一个词，可形成其视觉形象，并置于想象的图景中的一个位置上。回忆起这整个图景时，这些词的恢复也就毫不费力了。例如一批表示身体器官的词，面部有哪些器官，胸腹部有哪些脏器，结合各种器官所在位置进行记忆，显然比记一张词表，效果会好得多。如：tom is a active actor，who acts in social activities actively。an experiment is valid only insofar as the experimenter学习者不能只是读背词表，还必须结合句子或话语中上下文理解和记忆。多次强化 信息必须经过多次强化才能在记忆中牢固保持。但强化不是机械地简单重复。大量阅读可在上下文中帮助再认学过的词汇；各种形式练习也都具有巩固词汇的作用。记得五十年代初期曾经介绍过一种“循环记忆法”。当时的做是定时反复记诵词表。考虑遗忘规律安排反复识记时间未始不无意义，但简单背诵词表毕竟很难提高记忆效果。循环记忆法的失败，不在于“多次强化”是否必要，而是在于强化方法上的不足和失当。多通道输入 每个词都有其形、音、义和一定的变化，包括结构变化、语音变化和语义变化。听觉感觉到词的发音而未见过词的形态，甚至根本不了解其词义，这就并未获得理解达到认知的程度。对词的掌握总是要视、听、动觉多方面的协同工作。曾为此创造了许多有益的教学方法，也有过不少争论。争论的焦点似乎多数集中在视、听的先后次序上。实践证明，彼此的做法也并非水火不能相容，效果也并无太大悬殊。使用每种方法都曾培养过出色的外语人才。问题是必须根据不同的学习条件，针对不同的学习目标，采取不同的学习方法。由于当代科学技术的迅猛发展，录音、录象等先进技术进入教学领域，以致有可能创造必要 的学习条件来帮助学习。词的形、音、义可以同时呈示，组织多通道输入，使学习者能够迅速建立各方面联系，准确掌握词的各个方面，有利于理解和保持。
（二）以重现为主 在以表达为主的教学活动中，对学习者说来，更为重要的是尽可能迅速而不费劲 地运用新储存的语言材料，而不是等待准确掌握所有的词汇（或完美地掌握语法）。即使他们的表达还不够标准，也应在某种流利程度上积极参加会话，争取更多使用语言的机会。有人主张在学习初期应鼓励学习者使用“洋泾浜”外语。意在使学习者勇于讲话，不要怕错。学习期间使用语言，错误在所难免。怕错就不敢讲，不敢讲就失去练习机会，不能积极掌握语言材料。为避免错误，应在提供的语言材料和学习方法等方面下功夫。例如，在初期，多用实词，多用具体名词，多用没有形态变化的名词和动词等等。信息的储存并不能保证恢复，必须考虑使有效利用恢复线索的可能性得以增加的方法。首先是需要侧重词义方面的方法，因为表达时必须找到适合特定情况的意义。因而为表达所需的最有效的联想骨干是与词及其意义相联系的。以下是按意义集中词汇的几种方法。1．情境序列 情境序列是话语中词汇关系的内聚锁链，是由于话语中的主题其目的或其结构而联想的词群；是与特定的情境有关的一些词。例如，关于百货公司的会话，很可能包含象prise（价格）、floor（底价）、sales（拍卖）、charge（收费）、clothes（服装）之类的词； 2．语义序列 语义序列包含由各种推论关系构成联系的词。同情境序列一样，语义序列也是把有关的词集中起来，使这些推理联想更明显。词可归类为：同义词、（sofa沙发，couch沙发长椅）、反义词（wide宽，narrow窄）、同座标词（oak，elm栎树、榆树）、上座标词（wolf，animal狼、动物）、下座标词（fruit，pear水果、梨）等。所有这些类别还可按同义词进一步下分。如正规的和不正规的同义词（child孩子、kid俚语中孩子）；肯定的和否定同义词（thrifty节约的，stingy吝啬的），核心的和加强的词（mad疯狂的、furious狂暴的）。另外一种语义序列是刺激一反应对偶，如 accident（事故），car（汽车）；baby（婴儿）、mother（母亲）。人们对一定刺激词的反应似乎有着很大的一致性，应利用这一特点来组织材料帮助学习者形成更有效的联想。3．隐喻序列 根据某些比较具体或比较熟悉的事物去理解某些常常是抽象或神秘的事物的隐喻，能对我们的思维和行动的方法施加有力的影响。例如把争论喻为战争 4．搭配 语言中有些词习惯上要求一定搭配词，不能乱用。英语中如heavy rain（大雨），heavy与rain搭配，不用big与rain搭配；convenient time（合适的时间），但不能用convenientperson（适当的人）。每个词有一定的搭配范围，这些搭配范围限制词的意义和用法。一般说来，搭配有两个重要特点。一是一个词的意义同与之有共同联想的词关系很大。这些联想不仅帮助学习者记忆，还有助于确定词的语义范围，能帮助学习者从上下文推断意义。二是搭配使人能知道他们期待发现的是哪一类词。人们总是能够从前面一个词预见后续的是什么信息，常能在听到熟悉的搭配的第一部分就猜出其意义。这也是理解组块的另一种表现。总的说来，由于这些固定的搭配往往可以作为整体来记忆，从而不仅有助于对词汇的记忆，而且便于在言语中表达、使用.5．预制言语 从组块的观点出发，可以认为，人们记忆中储存的语言材料，并不仅仅是个别词素和单词，而常常是经预制的组块，也就是一种预制言语。预制言语有利于更有效地恢复，也有利于说话者在表达时把注意力集中到话语中较大的结构上，而不是把注意力狭窄地集中在个别单词上。预制言语包括：（1）固定短语 其意义常不能用语法的正常规则来分析。这种短语常可用单词替换。成语（如kick the bucket死掉）、委婉语（如powder room女用盥洗室）、俚语（如better half妻子）、复合动词（如put up举起）等均属之。（2）短语性框架 相当固定的短语包含可作某些变换的定位，多数没有规范的形式（a year ago一年以前，down with theking打倒帝王）：问好（how do you do你好）；分别（see you later回头见）；感叹（you can′t be serious！你不能当真呀！）侮辱（you creep没用的家伙）。（3）指示惯用语 这种惯用语由副句或句子构成，是基本的调节手段。其目的在于表示态度、期待、让步、挑战、防护、支持、退避（as far as i know据我所知，don′t you think你不认为，if i were you如果我是你，for that matte就此而言，frankly，i mean to say老老实实，我的意思是说）等，另外还可用以进行社交行动调控（hey，wait a minute嗨，等一会，nowlook现在你看，see here看这儿，shut up闭嘴，and then what又怎么办）。（4）引语 不同长度、极少变换的完整话语，常作惯用的组块直接使用，有记忆的序列（数字、字母表、周日）、格言（thepublic seldom forgives twice下不为例），谚语（a rolling stonegathers no moss滚石不生苔，转业不聚财）以及所有作为单位储存被认为有效的那些组块。其中有些是一般的单位，每个人都可在言语交际中使用，另一些则涉及个人独特风格和爱好。潜意识记单词法(混合阅读)-----记忆英语单词的困难究竟在哪?是我们的记忆力不好吗?肯定不是。有科学数据表明,人的大脑能容下几十门外语。那么,为什么大多数人记几千单词都觉得非常困难呢?研究表明,这是一种有点象厌食症的不良心理作用, 由于多数人在外语学习时强迫注意力,结果产生了潜意识反感, 使注意力和记忆力都处于麻痹状态。这种习以为常的错误做法,使外语学习的过程成了学习者信心与耐力被打击的过程。每个学习者都在反复的证明着自己的记忆力不行。那么记忆英语词究竟有没有捷径呢?------《科技日报》报道:心理学家发现，潜意识中看到的事物对大脑有着长久影响。由此，科学家认为，无需特别注意，人的大脑也在下意识地接受各种有用的信息。美国《自然》杂志报道，在美国波士顿大学工作的日本科学家渡边及其同事在研究中发现，潜意识训练有助于提高人们看移动的点的能力。当某个并不特别令人注意的事物不断地在眼前出现时，会给大脑中留下深刻的印象。在哈佛大学研究视觉功能的日本科学家中山对新发 现解释说，我们不能对周围的一切都全神投入，事物不断地从眼前经过，大脑就不自觉地将它们的特征记录下来，这样的学习毫不费力但很有效。渡边也认为，周围环境中有一些不断发生的，但有着重大意义的信息，这种下意识的学习方式能帮助人们将这些信息结合起来并存储在记忆中。另外，“冰冻三尺，非一日之寒”，英语学习是要积累的，厚积而薄发。我们一定要注意，从平时的上课听起，课前预习，课后复习，课文一定要读熟，因为这会培养我们的语感，应该说，这是学英语学习的又一重点，我认为一定要重视！也就是说，英语学习不仅要有好的方法，更要有好的习惯，只有这样，再加恒心，就一定能学好！要总结归纳，要平时学习时多留个心眼。每位同学都应有一套合适的英语学习方法，这种方法是我们自己在英语学习过程中思考，摸索出来的，或者向别人借鉴来的，而不是从天上掉下来的。
点击咨询 