上海2010年导游现场考试景点讲解：新外滩英语导游词

第一篇：上海2010年导游现场考试景点讲解：新外滩英语导游词

上海2009年导游现场考试景点讲解：新外滩英语导游词

Shanghai new Bund English tourguide word

Friends:

Now we come to Shanghai Huangpu River bank Bund, first, I tour to everybody visit Bund to express the welcome, and wishes in advance each traveling to be happy.New Bund altogether has five traveling routes, nearby yours left hand is by the reputation is Wan Guo constructs reads extensively the magnificent architectural complex and spacious Zhongshan Road, nearby your right hand is the wave light clear Huangpu River as well as the future resembles the brocade the Pudong land to embellish the financial trade area, at present for is novel uniquely goes sightseeing the tour area.This architectural complex, Zhongshan Road, go sightseeing the area, the Huangpu River, Lu Jiazui in the as if music five spectra, the industrious Shanghai people seem between the string string the symbol, is composing most newly the most gorgeous music movement, is welcome fellow guests' presence.The powder can call Bund? Simple saying, it passed once was the desolate beach place which outside the Shanghai old city the reed grew thickly together.In 1840 after first Opium War, the tight lock entrance to a country has been driven out by the colonizing ocean artillery, Shanghai also is compelled to ward off for the commercial port.Since then, all kinds of west foreign style construction hastens to ground along with colonizing but towers in abundance, to this century the beginning of 30's, Shanghai as soon as leapt into the far east biggest metropolis from seashore small Yi.At present these have the Europe Renaissance time style the construction, although stems from hand of the identical design, also is not constructs at an age, but their construction style is such harmonious unification, the day becomes.From Jinling east road Bund to outside white temporary bridge long only 1.5 kilometer arcs in, height scattered about, is standing erect row after row 52 styles each different construction, has England-like, France-like, ancient Greece-like and so on.Same year many foreign banks, the general meeting, the consulate and so on converged to this, some East Wall Street the name, formed the old Shanghai semicolonial and semifeudal society a historical miniature.Everybody please looked that, the new Bund 2 east winds hotels, in the past once were the English general meetings which extremely is well-known, it is a model English ancient canonical expression constructs.The building high has 6(continually basement), the roof north and south beginnings and ends respectively suppose □t look pavilion, the interior decoration are extremely magnificent.Inside a yet higher goal bar same year once because of has 110.7 foot Eastern longest bar cabinet but to be arrogant for a while, now US'S Kentuckey quick dining room is located in.New Bund 12 before are famous the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank, this building constructed in 1923, was in the style of antiquity Greece-like dome construction.The building for approaches the square the rectangular construction, high 5, a crown hemispheroid level goes against the vegetable to have 7 in addition, the steel portal frame construction.In the building decorates extremely is fastidious, is equipped with country each kind of reception room and so on America, England and France, Russia, date.This place constructed the English once to brag for from The Suez Canal to far east Bering Strait most was fastidious construction.Nearby close neighbor Hongkong and Shanghai Bank that building is the Shanghai customs building, is 19th century restores the old the principle construction, constructed in 1927, is now the world institute rarely is ominous.Above the building bell all around worthy of looking at arrives is in luck, each 15 minutes play sound section of short tunes, melodious are deep, reputation 10 miles.After the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank building and the customs building all stem from English designer Wilson, Shanghai kindly called they are the sisters building, at present was still one of Shanghai's important symbols.East Nanjing the street intersection two buildings are called the peaceful hotel.Sat north the Southern Dynasty this Lou Jianyu in 1906, at that time the name collected the hotel, was a Shanghai extant earliest hotel.It may take a historical construction, is the English Chinese world renaissance.This building most major characteristic is sets up the surface color red brick to make the waist line, Bai Qiangzhuan makes the cover, looks by far both gravely is elegant, and other style, the reality is a rare excellent work.Bund's these constructions, all are the China working people industrious wisdom crystallization, simultaneously has also reflected western colonizing to Shanghai's plundering and the aggression.Now in order to let the people understand these constructions the history, in front of each big front door hangs has the data plate which the Chinese and English compares.Regarding Bund, the Shanghai person also passes for hers name along with the time changes.Shanghai person's is called old Bund, after the liberation liberation before Bund to be called as Bund, now the people approve her are new Bund.In the history occurs has seized Bund many times the scene, but each time all has the completely different historical significance.Since party's 11 sessions of three CCP plenary conferences, the China reform and open policy strategic center of gravity also from the south but north, Pudong's development and the promotion enable Shanghai to walk the nation reform and open policy most front.The spring breeze blew awakes the deep sleep many year Shanghai Bund, the Chinese and foreign financial organ in abundance has also seized Bund.Shanghai has made the clear nest directs the phoenix the significant action, the Bund finance street house big replacement, will attract everywhere the old customer reto come to settle down, again will reveal the far east Wall Street elegant demeanour.Bund is Shanghai's symbol, also is the Chinese and foreign tourists must arrive place.But in before because the path narrow, the pedestrian vehicles are packed like sardines, seriously has affected the Bund overall image.For the change place beach appearance, the Shanghai people's government performs Bund as the key point to transform.At present this street called, also is Bund which Zhongshan a group, is for commemorate pioneer Mr.Sun Yat-Sen which China democratic revolution names synthesizes the transformation a part.This group span 826 meters, the width 45 meters, suppose 6 to 10 traffic lanes.This broad line of communication not merely is restricted in area Bund, it follows the reform and open policy step unceasingly to extend, north the Jiangwan five jiao fields, south arrive at the Nampo bridge.To the next the beginning of century, this north and south corridor long amounts to 15 kilometers, will become the sign landscape which the Shanghai traveling will go sightseeing.We now walk this Bin Jiang main road quite has the characteristic.It not only collection culture, afforestation to a body, moreover the morning is the people practices the good place which the article practices martial arts, daytime is domestic and foreign goes sightseeing the tour world, evening is the ideal place which talks love to the lover, heard has many foreign friends all in admiration of somebody's fame to come to experience the life.Fellow guests, stroll in new Bund to go sightseeing the area, whether you do feel, new Bund not only appearance changed beyond recognition, moreover in lively is lively passes the rich artistic breath.Everybody please looked that, In the Yenan east road Bund establishment subject will be for tomorrow the artistic landscape, will hug by 6 columns, with will have more than 80 years historical meteorological signal to become a group to the scenery.The customs building and the electronic waterfall clock also is quite has the fresh idea to the scenery.The electronic waterfall clock assumes the steps and ladders type, the length 27 meters, the height 3.5 meters, supposes 10 entire stairs.The entire operating process by the computer control, approximately some more than 1,000 nozzles water column is composed each kind of color the Arabic numeral, causes world each place since such remoteness, double is how being intimate with.Went sightseeing the area worthily to become to hold hundred Sichuan, is compatible Shanghai school characteristic culture scenery line which and gathered.Strolls Bund, we unconsciously entered the Whangpoo River park.In mentioned this park, each Chinese all could not forget the former days foreign country big powers to hang the Chinese people and the dog did not have to enter in park entrance that block the sign, that notorious sign, let then Chinese people suffer the enormous shame!Now, looked at present that 60 meter high Shanghai people outstandingly talented monument, stands erect is facing the water place.The military might magnificent sight three columns yellow hillocks body in has told the people as if, the people forever cherishes the memory of since the Opium War, 54 movements and the war of liberation, is the scrubbing nationality shame, devotes the heroes for Shanghai's revolutionary business.The Whangpoo River park faces is well-known everywhere Huangpu River.On month Huanglong water's edge water yellow, extremely vividly described the Whangpoo River river water color.Improves Pujiang is Shanghai's mother river, it originates to the Wuxi Tai Lake, is within the boundaries of Shanghai longest, is widest, deepest rivers, the span 114 kilometers;The mean breadth 400 meters, are deep 7 to 9 meters.Its original name calls Dong Jiang, also has the spring Shenjiang river, alternate name and so on Huang Xiejiang.Hands down before more than 2,000 years, Shanghai was Chu at that time, at that time Chu country has a senior general yellow to call to rest, he had very much rules a nation ability, is appointed by Chu king as prime minister, and sealed for presents Mr.Shen, had jurisdiction over Shanghai this land.At that time because upstream Dong Jiang's clogged with silt, he led the Shanghai people to carry on scours, and revised the route, caused Shanghai the aquatic transportation and the agriculture obtains the very big development, the posterity for commemorate Huang Xie the merit, renamed Dong Jiang as the spring Shenjiang river and yellow , only then officially chose a name until the Southern Song Dynasty time as the Huangpu River.The Huangpu River has two the child, calls Pudong, another calls Puxi.Before new China is born, their whole family deeply three mountains oppressions, on the mother river body is anchoring is the outside warship and the merchantman, two children also are pressed have not gasped for breath.Jumps Whangpoo River my sentence Shanghai person's pet phrase, refers to the common people which the old society really is unable to live, throws the river to here to commit suicide.Looks out into the distance the opposite shore, Pudong Lu Jiazui the finance trade area and Puxi Bund distantly faces one another, its function for the finance, the trade and foreign serves, it will be the new Shanghai's core and the symbol.East Bund the Bin Jiang main road, the total length 2,500 meters, the collection traveling, go sightseeing with the entertainment and so on are a body, is equipped with 6 multi-faceted squares along the road.Although the present only rumble cuts in line the sound, but the sound sound , is in five spectra the most magnificent music movement, will be forecasting a Bund more glorious future.

第二篇：上海2010年导游现场考试景点讲解：玉佛寺英文导游词

上海2009年导游现场考试景点讲解：玉佛寺英文导游词

Ladies and gentlemen, today we are going to visit a famous Buddhist temple---the Jade Buddha Temple.Before visiting the temple, I’d like to say a few words about the religious situation in Shanghai.Our constitution stipulates that every Chinese citizen is ensured the freedom of religious belief.There are four major religions in practice in Shanghai, namely, Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, and Christianity, which is sub-divided into the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church.When it comes to Buddhist temples in China, they are usually classified into three sects, i.e.temples for meditation, for preaching and for practicing Buddhist disciplines.The Jade Buddha Temple is a temple for meditation, and is well-known both at home and abroad.The temple was first built during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, when a monk named Hui Gen went on a pilgrimage to Burma and brought back five jade statues of Sakyamuni.On his way back to Mount Putuo via Shanghai, he left two jade statues here, one in sitting posture and the other, reclining.He had a temple specially built as a shrine for these two statues in 1882.later the temple was partly destroyed by fire and in 1928 a new temple was completed on the present site.Just opposite the temple gate, there stands a giant screen wall.Various designs, such as dragon, phoenix, elephant, crane and peony are carved on it.In Chinese legend, all these things are considered the symbols of fortune, wealth, longevity and auspiciousness.Chinese people used to set up a wall in front of the house so as to keep the evils away.Now ladies and gentlemen, please turn around.Here we can see the temple gate.It is also called the Sanmen Gate, or say, the Gate of Three Extrications.The door in the middle is called the Door of Emptiness, to its right is the Door of Non-phenomenon, and to its left, the Door of Non-Action.Sanmen Gate is also called the Mountain Gate because most famous temples in China are found deep in mountains.But the Sanmen gate does not open except on the first and the fifteenth of every lunar month.Now this way to the entrance.Ladies and gentlemen, the first hall is the Heavenly King Hall.We will use the rear door, please follow me.(in the Heavenly King Hall next to the southern entrance)Here we can find the statue of a fat and smiling monk with bared belly.He is Bodhisattva Maitreya.His smile is so contagious that you will smile with him and forget all your worries.So he is also called the Laughing Buddha.According to Buddhist scripture, he is now practicing Buddhism in the Tusita Heaven.After 4000 years, which is equal to 5.67 billion years on the earth, he will become successor to Sakyamuni under a Long Hua Tree in Hualin Garden.Hence another name the Future Buddha.But this statue we see here is not the real image of Bodhisattva Maitreya, it is just his incarnation..it is said that During the Five Dynasties Period, 1000 years ago, there lived in Fenhua in Zhejiang Province a monk named Qi Ci, who always carried a wooden staff with a cloth sack on his shoulder.He often went around towns and in streets to beg alms.Therefore he became known as “the Cloth Sack Monk”.He always smiled and laughed, looking as happy as ever.When he was dying, he left the message saying that he was the incarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya.So his image is enshrined in the Buddhist Temple as the incarnation of Bodhisattva Maitreya.(on the eastern side of the Heavenly King Hall)On the two sides of the hall are enshrined four statues.They are so-called Four Heavenly Kings.In the Buddhist legend, there is in the center of the world a highest mountain called Mount Sumeru.Halfway on it is a mountain called Mount Ghandara with four peaks.On each peak lives a Heavenly King protecting the Buddhist heaven.The first one is the Southern King---King of Developing Merits.His duty is to educate all living creatures and develop king-heartedness.He is holding a sword in his hand which can emit a ray to chop off the enemies’ heads.The one next to him is the Eastern King---King of Protection for Buddhism.He is holding in his hand a pipa, which is somewhat like a guitar.With this pipa, he offers music to the Buddha.Meanwhile this pipa is a magic weapon.It can send out a musical rhythm to defeat the enemy by tormenting brain and causing him to lose combatability.Now ladies and gentlemen, please come over to this side.(on the western side of the Heavenly King Hall)The first one on this side is the Northern King---King of Virtue.He is so called because of his virtue.He is holding a parasol-shaped stela in his hand.The parasol can be opened into a canopy in Buddhist processions.It is at the same time a magic umbrella.Once it is opened in the battle field, the sky turns dark and a wind-storm rises, defeating the enemy with a dizzy spell and then it closes up capturing all the enemies.Next to him is the Western King---King of Far Sight.He observes the world with his penetrating eyes.He is holding a dragon-shaped silk rope.The rope is actually a net, with which he converts people to Buddhism just like catching fish with a net.This dragon also has a magic power.It can spurt water from its mouth and drown the enemy in floods.(in the Heavenly King Hall next to the rear door)The Statue facing the rear door is Bodhisattva Skanda.He is always dressed in armour with a worrior’s club in his hand.Originally he was one of the eight heavenly generals under the Southern King of Developing Merits.Later he has been enshrined here because of his bravery.He is also a god of message, a fleet-foot runner, so when visitors come to the temple, he will immediately report to the Buddha in the Grand Hall.Now ladies and gentlemen, that’s all for the Heavenly King Hall.Please follow me and look out the threshold and the steps.Now we can see a giant tripod in the courtyard.It is actually a giant incense burner.It was donated by some Buddhist laymen who believed that by donating something the Buddha they can help purify the souls of their dead relatives from sins and relieve them from purgatory.Now this is the main hall, known as the Grand Hall or Grand Hall of the Great Sage.It is the main structure in every Buddhist temple, where the statue of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism is enshrined.(in the Grand Hall)Ladies and gentlemen, in the middle of the hall is the statue of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism.On his right is Medicine Buddha and on his left is Amitabha Buddha.Each is seated on a lotus blossom and has a back halo.Sakyamuni’s original name was Siddhartha Gautama.He was a contemporary of Confucius.He was born to a warrior’s family in the Himalayan foothill in ancient India, or say, in present-day Nepal.He spent his youth in great luxury.But he renounced the human world at the age of 29 in search of an ultimate solution to the problems of human sufferings.After six years of spiritual discipline he got enlightened at the age of 35.he spent the remaining 45 years of his life teaching his religion and establishing a community for monks to continue his work.He was entitled “Sakyamuni”, which means “the great sage of the Sakya Clan”.He died at the age of 80.On his chest there is a sign that resembles a swastika but it has nothing to do with Hitler’s fascism because it is in an inverted order.It is actually a religious talisman used in ancient orient, symbolizing the concentration of happiness and auspiciousness.The Medicine Buddha is responsible for the Eastern Bright World.Since he can relieve people of all pains and sufferings, he is called the Medicine Buddha.He is holding a wheel, which signifies the unremitting effort of converting people to Buddhism just like turning a wheel.Amitabha Buddha is in charge of the Western Paradise.He is holding a golden lotus blossom stand with which he extradites Buddhist believers to the Western Pure Land, therefore he is also called the Buddha of Guidance.In front of the Medicine Buddha is a hollow wooden fish.It is actually an instrument used by the monks to accompany the chanting of their prayers.But do you happen to know why it is in the pattern of a fish? Now let me tell you about it.The monks think that fish is the most diligent animal in the world because it never closes its eyes, therefore the image of the fish is used to advise people that they should practice Buddhism as diligently as the fish.On both sides of the hall stand 20 Heavenly Gods, all protectors of Buddhist laws.They all bend slightly as if they are listening attentively to Sakyamuni’s preaching.The first one on the right side is Brahma, the chief god of Brahmanism in ancient India.It was believed in ancient India that all living creatures in the world, including gods and men, were created by him and he was thus honored as the Great Creator.Next to him is Yamaraja, the God of Hell, who is in charge of the nether world.The fourth one on this side is Goddess of Loving Children.There is an interesting story about her.It is said that before she became a goddess she was a wicked woman.She herself had many children, 500 in all, including 3 sons and 497 daughters.Her favorite child was her youngest son named Ai Nu, now standing by her side.As she always ate the children of other people, Buddha decided to convert her.One day, he hid Ai Nu in a jar.When the woman found her child missing she looked for him everywhere but could not find him.Then Buddha came up to her and said, “If you are worried when your child is missing, what about other mothers whose children you have eaten?” From then on she began to discipline herself and finally became a goddess.This is the Emperor of the Solar Palace, or say the Chinese Apolo, opposite him is the Chinese Diana, the emperor of the Lunar Palace.The last statue on this side is the Dragon King.(at the back of the Grand Hall)Ladies and gentlemen, behind the statue of Sakyamuni there is a giant mural sculpture.In the middle is the statue of Bodhisattva Guanyin.Guanyin was originally named Guanshiyin but later abbreviated into Guanyin because the character “shi” was one of the characters in the Tang Emperor Li Shimin’s name and was considered a forbidden name.Guanyin often takes the image of a goddess in order to convert women to Buddhism.Actually he can incarnate into 32 images to convert people from all walks of life and relieve people from all kinds of sufferings.Any living creature in trouble needs only to recite his name and he will respond to the cry and readily come to help riding on the head of a huge turtle.That’s why he is described as a Bodhisattva of Great Mercy.By her two sides are her two disciples, San Cai the boy and Long Nu the girl.Above Guanyin is a statue of Sakyamuni when he was doing ascetic practices in a forest.A monkey on the right is offering preaches to him and a deer on the left is giving him milk to drink.Now a few words about San Cai, the boy and Long Nu, the girl.It is said that when San Cai was born, a number of treasures came with him, hence his name.By the way, “Can” in Chinese means “wealth”.He was later converted by Bodhisattva Manjusri, the Bodhisattva of Great Wisdom, and went on a pilgrimage to the south in search of teaching.He was going to call on 53 teachers and then met Guanyin, hoping to obtain the guidance to buddhahood.There are altogether 53 statues on the mural sculpture, excluding the 18 arhats.They were all supposed to be San Cai’s teachers.He came to them one after the other.Guanyin was his 27th teacher.Long Nu, the daughter of Dragon King, was a genius.At the age of 8 she often attended lectures by Manjusri.Later she met the Buddha and attained buddhahood.Below are 18 arhats, all disciples of Sakyamuni.According to Buddhist scripture, Sakyamuni asked them to stay permanently on the earth to help convert people to Buddhism.Arhats have three characteristics, namely, they can rid of all worries, they should be supported and offered by all people, and they enter nirvana once for all and never incarnate again.(in the Hall of the Reclining Buddha)Ladies and Gentlemen: in the middle of the hall we can see a jade statue of the reclining Buddha.This is Sakyamuni in his deathbed, or say, entering nirvana.We can see him looking slightly upward and reclining on his right arm.Some may ask why he looks so calm and carefree.It is said that in his entire life-time he had taught 500 disciples, therefore, he felt no worry because he firmly believed that his disciples would carry forward his principles and preach his doctrines to emancipate mankind.This statue, 96 cm long, is carved out of a single piece of jade.It was brought from Burma together with the other statue in sitting posture.The carving was exquisitely done with delicate features and a slender figure, it is considered a rare Buddhist relic, which contributes to Jade Buddha Temple’s reputation.Now ladies and gentlemen, over here we can see four pictures on the wall of the hall which describe the life story of Sakyamuni.The first one, “Tonsure”, describes Sakyamuni having his head tonsured and clothes changed into a monk’s robe when he came a monk at the age of 29;the second, “Enlightenment”, after six years ascetic practice he became enlightened and attained buddhahood at the age of 35;the third, “Preaching”, Sakyamuni is preaching to his first five disciples;and the fourth, “Nirvana”, Sakyamuni entered nirvana at the age of 80.(before entering the Jade Buddha Chamber)Ladies and gentlemen, we are going to visit the last main structure on the axis---the Jade Buddha Chamber.It is located on the second floor.Please do not take pictures or video tape-recording in the chamber.(in the Jade Buddha Chamber)Ladies and Gentlemen, the statue in front of us is the Jade Buddha in sitting posture.Since Buddhism is a leading religion in China, there are a great number of statues of Sakyamuni all over the country, and most of them are made out of stone, clay, or wood, but a jade statue of the Buddha of this size is rare.It is 1.92 meter in height and 1.34 meter in width.The jewels on his head, arms and feet are all genuine ones.They were donated by Buddhist believers.The statue was carved out of a single piece of jade.It is soft in luster, even in color, pure and flawless in texture and exquisite in workmanship.This statue reflects Sakyamuni’s getting enlightened.We can see that his left hand rests on his left knee showing his great determination of deep meditation while his right hand stretches out onto the ground indicating that he had devoted himself to the emancipation of all mankind and this could only be witnessed by the great earth.When monk Hui Gen found the jade in Burma, he had it excavated under the permission of the Burmese King and had the Tibetan artisans carve it into a Buddha Statue, so it is a crystallization of the friendship of different nations.This statue looks life-like, with gentle and soft features and is considered a precious relic of Buddhist art.This is the reason why the temple enjoys a high reputation.In the cabinets on both sides are kept a complete set of Buddhist scripture, Da Zang Sutra, which was block-printed in 1870.this set of scripture covers Sakyamuni’s teachings by moth, Buddhist doctrines, and Buddhist theories.(in the courtyard in front of the Abbot’s Room)

This is the Abbot’s Room, where the abbot priest lives.It is also a sermon hall where the monks attend lectures by the abbot priest.On the middle wall is hung the portrait of Priest Dharma, honored as the founder of the Chan Sect in Chinese Buddhism.

第三篇：导游现场考试景点讲解要点

导游现场考试景点讲解要点

一、烟台山景区

烟台山景区概况、烟台得名、烟台山领事馆群、冰心纪念馆、烟台开埠历史陈列馆、京剧艺术展览馆、烟台山灯塔、忠烈祠、抗日烈士纪念碑、烽火台、龙王庙、山海景观等。

二、张裕酒文化博物馆

张裕酒文化博物馆的概况、张裕名字及商标的含义、张裕综合大厅的浮雕、名人给张裕题词及含义、地下大酒窖、百年桶王、品酒、巴拿马奖章、张裕特色酒庄等。

三、蓬莱阁景区

蓬莱阁景区概况、蓬莱的传说、海市蜃楼成因、蓬莱水城、人间蓬莱坊、弥陀寺、丹崖仙境坊、龙王宫、子孙殿、天后宫、寿字碑、碧海丹心刻石、蓬莱阁主阁、海不扬波、避风亭、田横山、卧碑亭、苏东坡与蓬莱、三清殿等。

四、长岛景区

长岛概况、黄渤海分界线、九丈崖、月牙湾、庙岛、渔家乐和渔家风俗等。

五、龙口南山景区

南山集体概况、南山集团产业、南山禅寺天王殿、南山禅寺大雄宝殿、南山大佛、南山玉佛等。六、三仙山·八仙过海景区 三仙山概况、三和大殿、蓬莱仙岛、方壶仙境、瀛洲仙境、珍宝馆、龙王庙、玉佛寺、十一面观音殿、楠木馆

七、曲阜“三孔”景区

（一）孔庙

孔庙概况、万仞宫墙、金声玉振坊、棂星门、太和元气坊、奎文阁、十三碑亭、大成殿等。

（二）孔府

孔府概况、历史沿革、大堂、后花园、一贯堂等。

（三）孔林

孔林概况、历史沿革、万古长春坊、二林门、孔子墓甬道等。

八、泰山风景名胜区

泰山概况、石阶盘道、经石峪、十八盘、天街、孔子庙碧霞祠、大观峰、无字碑、玉皇顶、丈人峰、天地广场、王母池、普照寺、岱顶四大奇观等。

九、青岛崂山景区

崂山概况、巨峰天象、太清宫、关岳祠、海印寺旧址、上清宫、龙潭瀑、太平宫、狮子峰、白云洞、观音广场、华藏世界门、明道观、北九水风景游览区、华楼风景游览区等。

十、威海刘公岛风景名胜区

刘公岛概况、中国甲午战争博物馆、龙王庙、中国甲午战争博物院陈列馆、博览园、国家森林公园等。

第四篇：山西省导游现场考试口试景点讲解：悬空寺导游词

山西省导游现场考试口试景点讲解：悬空寺导游词

各位朋友：

大家好！欢迎您在这个吉祥美好的日子，光临中华五岳之一的北岳恒山。

莽莽苍苍蜿蜒起伏的北岳恒山，有许多奇特的景观，古有“恒山十八景”之说，其中最负盛名的便是建于北魏后期距今已有1500多年历史的悬空寺。

悬空寺始建于北魏太和十五年（公元491年），金、明、清均有重修，现为明清建筑风格，是国家级重点文物保护单位。整个建筑具有险、奇、巧的特点，共有楼阁40余间，从低到高三层迭起，最高处三教殿距峡谷深处的高度曾为90余米，由于1500余年峡谷河床沙石沉积，现高度仅为45米，但站在三教殿仍有身临险境的感觉。这座纯木构建筑，瞩目远望，仿佛是一幅玲珑剔透的浮雕，大有凌空欲飞之势，鬼斧神工，令人叹为观止。民间道：“悬空寺，半天高，三尺马尾空中吊”，大诗人李白则用“危楼高百尺，手可摘星辰，不敢高声语，恐惊天上人”来形容之。据史料记载，初建时，寺院高出地面近百米，而支撑寺院的仅仅是十几根碗口粗的柱子。悬空寺为什么建在这悬崖峭壁之上而不与地相接？据史料记载，南北朝时期，随着政治势力的分裂，道教也分为南北天师道场。北魏时期，太武帝拓跋焘崇信道教，曾一度灭佛兴道，并且迎请嵩山道士寇谦之来京都平城设立道坛。太和十五年（公元491年），孝文帝拓跋宏下诏将天师道场移到恒山，就在当年，按照寇谦之道长“上延霄客，下绝嚣浮”的遗训修建了“崇虚寺”，后来人们根据崇虚寺建筑悬空的特点，改称如今的“悬空寺”。

悬空寺以西为正，大门朝南，整个建筑由南向北扩建而成，越往北走地势相对越高越狭窄。寺院由三部分组成，每部分都有一座三层式的楼阁，内设悬梯连接。第一部分是一个标准的寺院布局，由于建于悬崖峭壁之间，所以将一个平面的寺院布局立体化了。第一层是禅堂；第二层是大雄宝殿的两个配殿，为比肩式楼阁。真正体现“悬”的地方是第二部分和第三部分。两座楼之间飞架悬空栈道连接，半插飞梁为基，巧借岩石暗托。插入岩石里的横梁使用当地产铁杉，事先用桐油浸过，起到防虫防腐作用。之前先将木楔置于洞内，后将横梁插入，因石洞口小肚大，外边用力越大里边咬合就越紧，这样固定的横梁就把压力传到了岩石上。在横梁的下面用木柱支撑，这些木柱长短不一，有的着力，有的则虚设，甚至可以晃动，根本不受力，悬空寺像这样形似虚设、可以晃动的支柱有十多根。当然，这些虚柱不仅仅是作为装饰用的，一般情况下并不吃力，一旦承重压力增大，就起到一柱顶千斤的作用，从而使悬空寺形成一座似虚而实、似危而安、危中见俏的奇特建筑

悬空寺的选址充分显示出它的合理性，没有花费巨大的劳力去改造地貌，而是因地制宜，巧妙地利用峭壁的凹凸部分依势造殿，显示出各殿阁的主次错落和强烈的节奏感。寺庙建筑半藏绝壁之中，上有巨崖掩护，两旁又有突出的石壁遮挡，下雨时雨水顺崖而下，正好滴在寺庙前檐流入峡谷，避开了雨水对殿宇的侵蚀；山风吹来两旁突出的石壁减缓了风势，减少了对寺庙的威胁。另外，对面高耸的恒山主峰天峰岭遮挡太阳，相对缩短了寺庙的光照时间，就是日照时间最长的夏至时节，每天也只有三四个小时。这些因素是悬空寺巍然屹立1500多年，仍然保持原有风采的重要原因。

悬空寺不仅以建筑奇巧著称于世，最主要的就是反映了“三教合一”的宗教思想。全寺共有大小殿宇40间，其中最著名的就是“三教殿”。三教殿是体现“三教合一”的典型殿阁，位于悬空寺第三部分的最上层。三位教主共聚一堂，中间为佛教创始人释迦牟尼，左边为儒家创始人孔子，右边为道家鼻祖老子，三教供于一殿，在全国各地寺庙建筑中极为罕见。集中体现了中华民族民族共融，世界大同的崇高境界。

悬空寺不仅外形美观，转折升降的木梯上也同样具有艺术价值。木梯上用铁钉组成数十种莲花状的图案，如繁星灿烂，似铁水迸溅，令人赏心悦目，堪称古寺一绝。既起到保护木板和装饰的作用，又赋予了深刻的寓意。香客进寺，踏步而上，可谓“步步登莲，吉祥如意”。集实用、装饰、宗教价值于一身，可见古代建筑工匠的良苦用心。

全寺共有铜铸、铁铸、木雕、石刻、脱纱等塑像80余尊，其中最突出的是大雄宝殿内的3尊脱纱佛像。其做法先用胶泥塑成泥胎，再用南方生产的麻（也叫夏布）一层层地裹，裹到一定成型的厚度，再磨光、油漆、上彩、贴金。塑完后把里边的泥胎从底部掏出，整个塑像形成空壳，高度达50厘米的塑像，净重不超过3公斤，为悬空寺塑像中的一绝。

古往今来，悬空寺以它独特的魅力吸引了不少文人墨客。公元735年，大诗人李白云游至此，挥毫书写了“壮观”两个大字；公元1633年，大旅行家徐霞客游历悬空寺后，在他的游记当中留下了“天下巨观”的赞誉；英国的一位建筑学家曾无限感慨地说过这样一段话：“中国的悬空寺把美学、力学、宗教巧妙地融为一体，达到了尽善尽美，我真正懂得了毕加索所说‘世界上真正的艺术在东方’这句话的含义，悬空寺不仅是中国人民的骄傲，而且是全人类的骄傲。”

第五篇：山西省导游现场考试口试景点讲解：云冈石窟导游词

山西省导游现场考试口试景点讲解：云冈石窟导游词

尊敬的女士们、先生们：

今天，我们将参观举世闻名的佛教艺术宝库——云冈石窟。云冈石窟位于塞外古都、煤海之乡的大同市西约16公里处，从酒店出发需要大约30分钟的时间。利用这暂短的时间，我向大家简单地介绍一下云冈石窟。

云冈石窟是北魏王朝初期开凿的大型石窟，时间约在公元460年的北魏文成皇帝时期，迄今已有1540年的历史。它与甘肃敦煌的莫高窟、洛阳的龙门石窟，并称为中国三大石窟。云冈石窟的开凿比敦煌石窟晚94年，较龙门石窟早35年的时间。它以建筑规模之大、塑像形体之高、保存之完整，而闻名天下。又因对研究中国古代史、佛教史和艺术史有极高的价值，享誉国内外。1961年，国务院将云冈石窟列为全国重点文物保护单位。1973年，法国总统蓬皮杜访华，指名要求参观云冈石窟，9月15日，周恩来总理陪同蓬皮杜总统参观了云冈石窟。我们乘坐的汽车已驶入停车场，大家请按顺序下车，在云冈石窟门前集合。

女士们、先生们，大家现在看到的像蜂窝一样排列的许多洞窟，就是云冈石窟。石窟开凿在武周山的山崖上，武周山的最高处称云冈，故名云冈石窟，原名灵岩寺，亦称石佛寺。云冈石窟为什么开凿在武周山?这与武周山这块风水宝地密切相关。武周山坐北向南，武周川内山清水秀，可以说是“藏风得水”的好地方。武周山，又称武周塞，从北魏的旧都盛乐(内蒙古和林格尔西北)到达新都平城(大同市)均要经过这里。武周山位于内外长城之间，是北魏通向北方的咽喉要道，当时人马商队来往频繁，还驻扎了重要的军队，皇帝经常在这里议论国家大事。武周山成为北魏皇帝祈福的“神山”，他们在这里遥拜北方，祈求神灵保佑江山社稷。因此，北魏皇帝在“神山”开凿石窟，创建寺院，也在情理之中。

所谓“石窟”，就是在石壁山崖上开凿的洞窟，这里冬暖夏凉，幽静神秘。古印度佛教兴起后，佛教信徒、僧侣将石窟作为礼佛和修行的场所。因为，依山雕凿石窟、佛像，比用砖石筑建寺院经久耐用。佛教是汉代经著名的丝绸之路开始传入中国，石窟寺艺术的传人，大约在3世纪。我国新疆天山南麓的克孜尔千佛洞是最早的石窟，沿丝绸之路东行还有帕孜克里克千佛洞，进入河西走廊是著名的敦煌莫高窟，安西榆林窟、天水麦积山石窟，从甘肃继续东进则是宁夏须弥山石窟、大同云冈石窟、洛阳龙门石窟等。武周山的地层岩石属于株罗纪的长石石英砂岩，石质坚硬，结构紧密，有利于石窟和造像的雕凿。

现在，大家已随我进入云冈石窟的山门，我身后的石窟参观示意图，大致告诉我们参观路线。云冈石窟依山开凿，东西绵延1公里，现存主要洞窟45个，分为东、中、西三区，东部4窟，中部9窟，西部32窟。此外还有许多小型洞窟。共计1100多龛，大小造像51000多躯。从云冈石窟西行约3公里，武周川北有吴官苍石窟。再溯河西行，距云冈15公里的高山镇，还有焦山石窟。这么多洞窟如果要细看的话，也许你一个星期的时间也看不完，目前开放有40多个洞窟，仔细观看需要2天的时间。按传统参观路线，如果大家时间充足，先从东部第1窟开始，直到第45窟结束。如果仅参观2个小时左右，则主要游览第5、6窟、五华洞、昙曜五窟。

首先我们从东部的第1、2窟开始参观。北魏开凿石窟从公元460年开始，至524年结束，约有70年的开凿历史。从洞窟的形制和雕刻艺术，有关专家将云冈石窟的开凿年代分为早、中、晚三个阶段。第1、2窟至第13窟大致以云冈石窟中期为主，成窟的年代约公元465年至494年之间。由孝文帝迁都洛阳前夕开凿，人们习惯将这些石窟称为“孝文石窟”。大家看到的第1、2窟是一组塔庙式双窟，开凿洞窟时在中央留下一个方柱，在柱子的四面开龛，龛内塑像。第1窟中心塔柱南面下层雕释迎、多宝佛，上层雕释伽；石窟后壁的主像是弥勒菩萨。弥勒菩萨是未来佛，据佛教经典讲，弥勒菩萨将继释迎佛后成佛，广说佛法，教化众生。据说当弥勒降生人世时，世界将充满光明幸福，所以古代有些农民起义常常打着弥勒降生的旗号来组织和号召群众。释迎、多宝佛并列，佛经有这样的传说，当释迦牟尼佛说《法华经》时，忽然地下涌出安置多宝佛全身的舍利塔，现于空中。释迎听到塔中的声音，告诉听经的大众说，这是过去东方世界宝净国土的佛，号为多宝。当释迦佛开启塔门，示现多宝佛身时，宝塔内的多宝佛让出半座给释迦佛。

于是，释迦人塔，与多宝同结跏趺坐，宣讲经义。第2窟中心塔柱南面下层雕释迦、多宝，上层雕三世佛；石窟的后壁主像是释迦佛。两窟的窟门两侧都雕有维摩、文殊对坐问法像。有关维摩、文殊对坐问法是南北朝、隋唐时期流行的题材，敦煌石窟的壁画就有“维摩诘图像”。佛经中有“文殊问疾”的故事，据说有一次维摩居士“示现”病相，众人前去探访。释迦牟尼知道后，派以智慧著称的文殊菩萨带领弟子前去维摩居住处。在维摩居士的丈室里，文殊菩萨和能言善辩的维摩展开大乘佛教义的讨论，使从者心服口服，也令文殊菩萨十分赞叹。第2窟前有一泉水长年涌出，泉水清凉可口，被称为“石窟寒泉”。

女士们、先生们，大家面前是云冈石窟最大的洞窟——第3窟。它被称为云冈石窟之最。洞窟崖面高25米，开窟面宽50米，规模最大。原为大型塔庙窟设计，开凿在孝文帝迁都洛阳之前，因工程浩大，北魏一代未能完工，后室的三尊大像为初唐时期补雕而成。第3窟的前室分两层，上层左右两侧各雕一塔，中部凿方形窑室，主像为弥勒菩萨，壁面满雕干佛。后室的中部塔柱壁面属北魏时期雕凿，高约10米左右的3尊大佛，属唐代作品，分别为阿弥陀佛、观世音、大势至菩萨。据专家考证，第3窟是文献记载的“通乐寺”、“灵岩寺”，当时可居僧人达3000人。

第4窟是塔庙窟，中央雕凿方形立柱，东壁交脚弥勒像保存比较完整，据考证是云冈现存纪年最晚的造像，由北魏晚期正光年间(公元520年——524年)开凿，是第1至第13窟之间仅有的晚期大窟。

现在，大家看到几座宏伟高耸的楼阁，它们建筑在洞窟的前檐，被称为窟檐建筑。据专家考证，云冈石窟的大窟前均有窟檐，但多数因战争或其它因素毁坏，现仅存的窟檐建筑为清代以后建造。第5、6窟是一组双窟，窟檐建于清代的顺治八年(1651年)，这组建筑朱红柱栏、琉璃瓦顶、巍峨挺拔、气势非凡，是五间四层的绕廊木构楼阁。第7、8窟同样是一组双窟，辽代这里被称为护国大寺，现在的窟檐是1994年由国家拨款重新建造，对保护石窟起到了重要作用。

第5窟分前后两室，洞窟形状为椭圆形的草庐式。后室佛像布局为三世佛，中间的释迦牟尼佛为结跏趺坐像，高达17米，为云冈石窟中的第一大佛像，大佛的双腿长达15．5米，膝上可容纳120人，一只脚上可站立12人。释迎佛头顶蓝色的螺髻，面部轮廓清晰，白毫点朱，细眉长目，鼻准方直，双耳垂肩，身着褒衣搏带，通肩架裳，给人端庄、肃穆、慈祥之感觉。主佛的右侧是未来世弥勒佛，左侧为过去世迦叶佛。主佛的对面是两层高约1米的8尊佛教造像，衬托着主佛更加高大、雄伟。拱门东侧雕凿着菩提树和树下二佛对坐的造像，属北魏石窟内常见的题材。请大家注意，石窟大佛的后面有一狭长的隧道，你们猜这是做什么用的吗?对了，这是佛教信徒们礼拜绕行的诵经道。

第6窟是云冈石窟中精巧著称的一窟，称“第一伟窟”。第6窟平面呈正方形，后室为中心塔柱，塔高15米，分上下两层。请大家看，四壁和塔柱的佛像采用近似圆雕的高浮雕，佛像立体感很强。四方塔柱上层的立佛是具有极高水平的楼空雕刻法，这种立佛被称为“接引佛”。我们举目四周环视，发现整个洞窟雕饰富丽堂皇，几乎找不到一块没有雕刻的空间，佛像、菩萨、罗汉、飞天、供养人和瑞鸟神兽、花卉等等，真是一座热闹拥挤、琳琅满目的佛国世界。第6窟更具有佛教和艺术感染力的是在中心塔柱的塔腰和四壁上的释迦佛陀本生故事图，艺术家以浅浮雕和高浮雕结合的手法，用连续排列的形式，运用近40幅的雕刻，表现了释迦牟尼从诞生前后到降魔成道、初转法轮的佛传故事。请大家随我的手势来观赏这动人的画面。

(1)迦毗罗卫国是古印度的一个国家，国王是净饭王。他和摩耶夫人，年近40岁未曾生育。膝下无子的国王非常寂寞，一天夜里，摩耶夫人梦见一位菩萨乘白象而来，后来怀了身孕。王纪有喜的消息传开，各国使臣纷纷前来祝贺。

(2)按当地习俗，妇女应回娘家分娩。公元前454年，摩耶夫人带众人回娘家，在途径毗尼公园时休息。当夫人手攀无忧树时，太子从夫人右腋下降生，取名乔达摩•悉达多。太子出生，天空出现五彩样云。

(3)太子降生时，向东西南北四方各行七步，出现步步生莲花的场面。太子一手指天，一手指地，如狮子般怒吼道：“天上地下，惟我独尊。”

(4)天上九龙口吐圣水为太子洗澡，这天称为“浴佛节”。汉传佛教将农历四月初八定为释迦的生日。

(5)天人舞乐，大象眉飞色舞，大家迎接净饭王和太子还宫。

(6)国王请仙人为太子看相，太子相貌出众，不同常人。仙人回票国王说：“太子乃大圣人降世，若留家中将继承王位，若离家则必成佛道”。

(7)国王为太子建造豪华的三时殿，选来美女让太子享乐，欲使太子消除学佛之心。大家看太子却表现深思熟虑和感触人间烦恼的神情。

(8)太子年满17岁，国王为他娶善觉国公主耶输陀罗为妻。按照风俗要试力定婚，太子一箭穿七面金鼓。

(9)太子娶妻后，在宫中娱乐。

10)娶妻生子后，太子向父王提出到宫外游玩要求。

(11)一(14)太子乘车出游，分别遇到老人、病人、死人。在一位法相庄严的僧人引导下，研修解脱人生摆脱苦难之道。

15)太子向父王请求出家修行，遭到父王的拒绝。

(16)太子乘马离宫，四天神托起太子的坐骑逾越城池而去。经过5年寻访，6年苦修，太子终于在菩提树下静坐思维，7天后悟道成佛。

(17)太子成佛后，被誉为释迦牟尼，这是释迦族圣人的意思。太子本身故事中以“鹿野苑初转法轮图”雕刻精美传神而著称，图中释迦牟尼正在启齿讲经，佛身边的诸弟子面带敬意双手合十洗耳恭听，就连佛陀身边的两头小鹿也因闻佛法而面带微笑。

第6窟在总体布局、造像风格、雕刻手法等方面，代表了北魏传统石窟艺术的最高境界，尤其佛像改变了过去的服装，雕成了褒衣博带式的佛装，采用了当时南朝士大夫地主阶层的服饰，被称为“太和造像”。推测孝文帝完成第6窟开凿之后，不久便迁都洛阳。大家在第6窟前室上方的门桅上，可以见到几个牌匾的把钉，这是谁的牌匾?当年清朝的康熙皇帝平定噶尔丹叛乱之后，回北京途经云冈石窟，看到第6窟雕刻的佛像如此精美，于是留下了“庄严法相”四个大字。不知何时，牌匾已不知去向。第7、8窟是孝文帝时开凿的一组双窟，属孝文帝初任皇帝时开凿，细心的朋友会问这样一个问题：“为什么孝文帝时期开凿双窟?”双窟的开凿可能与冯太后擅政有关，冯太后是文成帝的皇后，孝文帝即位时任皇太后，一切朝政大权操纵在这位冯太后手中，这种状况一直延续到冯太后逝世。当时将冯太后和孝文帝并称为二圣或二皇，冯太后世奉佛教，开凿双窟应与冯太后主持朝政有重大关系。

第7窟的主像是三世佛，造像风化严重。后室北壁佛龛分上下两层，上龛正中为弥勒佛，两侧是倚坐佛像，下层佛龛为释迦多宝对坐讲经论法图。前后室壁面分层分段大面积布置了本生故事浮雕，以及佛传故事的佛龛，以释迦佛降伏火龙的雕刻较为精美。请大家抬头观赏窟顶，在平棋藻井图案内六格，每格以莲花为中心，环绕八身飞天。传说飞天又名香音神，以能歌善舞著称，当佛讲经说法时，飞天在天空向凡界播洒四瑞花雨。在南壁拱门的上方，并排雕刻两组相向合掌而跪的6位供养天人的造像，被专家称为“云冈六美人”，这是云冈石窟中最先出现的供养人形象。

从第7窟走到相连的第8窟，发现两窟的主要造像、造像组合及其纹饰风格均基本相近。值得注意的是供养天人行列上方雕出了仿木构屋檐，这是中国传统瓦顶建筑式样，说明孝文帝初期佛教开始融人中国传统文化。第8窟门拱东西两侧的雕像，是云冈石雕中罕见的艺术品，西侧是三头六臂的坞摩罗天乘孔雀的造像，东侧为三头八臂的摩醯首罗天骑牛的造像。两组造像中，以鸠摩罗天像著名，被认为是东西方艺术最巧妙的组合。坞摩罗天又称坞摩罗什，音译是“童寿”，他是后秦时代的高僧，是中国佛教史上著名的翻译家，译出了《妙法莲花经》、《阿弥陀经》、《金刚经》等佛教经典，人们将他尊为佛教护法之神。鸠摩罗天雕像给人智慧(三头)、力量(六臂)、安详(面善)、吉祥(手托吉祥鸟)的感觉。他乘坐的孔雀，是名为“那罗延夫”的神鸟，口衔玉珠，爪趾雄健，尾巴卷起长长的羽毛。第8窟的造像给人丰富的想象力和感染力，但又因四壁雕刻被严重风化而让人痛惜。

女士们、先生们，大家请随我参观云冈中部的“五华洞”。第9窟至第13窟，在清代晚期被施以彩绘，彩绘后的五个洞窟异常华丽，五彩斑斓，被人称为“五华洞”。“五华洞”分为两组，分别为第9、10窟和第11、12、13窟。第9、10窟是一组双窟，开凿时代略晚于7、8窟，为冯太后的阉官王遇负责设计监造，两窟初建于公元484年。第9、10窟的前室雕凿四根八角柱，每窟洞开三门，颇具汉魏以来中国建筑’“金楹(金柱)齐列，玉局(柱础)承跋”的遗风。大家看到的前室侧壁屋形龛、后室窟门上方屋形檐等雕刻，都是仿汉民族木结构的建筑形式。

第9窟后室主佛释迦像，面相方圆，右袒式的服装。西北壁下层雕凿附有榜题的分栏长卷式画面，是太子本生故事图，手法简朴。后室两侧雕护法像，显示出高超的石窟寺艺术魅力。

第10窟的主像是弥勒菩萨，壁画布置有释迦多宝并坐像。后室门楣雕饰非常精细，门楣上方的须弥山层峦叠嶂，山间二龙交首盘环，山腰间有参天的林木和奔跑的动物，山体左右雕有阿修罗天和坞摩罗天护法神。这组雕塑动静结合，虚实相问，对称均衡，别具匠心。

第9、10窟的顶部均雕有飞天造像。大家看那凌空飞舞的是歌舞神紧那罗，饰栏干圆拱龛中的伎乐神乾闼婆为她伴奏，把人们带入歌舞升平的天堂世界。飞天造像群的仙人，或吸腿跳，或倒踢，或掖腿，或双飞燕，其舞姿优美，可与敦煌的飞天造像相媲美。

第11、12、13窟是一个组合的整体形式，以第12窟为中心。第12窟是凿前后室的洞窟，前室外壁上方凿屋檐，下方雕列柱。洞开三门。后室南壁中央上凿明窗，下开窟门。两侧的11、13窟则于窟门上方各开明窗，与12窟形成左右对称的立面布局。

第11窟为塔庙窟，塔柱下层皆以立佛雕像出现，上层南面为弥勒菩萨，其他三面为倚坐佛像。窟东壁有太和七年(公元483年)邑义信士女等造95驱石庙形象铭，西壁有太和二十年(公元496年)铭龛和七佛立像。第11窟的题记是云冈石窟研究的重要资料，太和七年是现存最早的题记。

第12窟为佛殿窟，主像下龛为释迦多宝，上龛是弥勒菩萨。前室雕交脚坐佛像。第12窟是云冈石窟中著名的音乐窟，也叫佛籁洞。后室的雕像分上下两层，布局庄严肃穆