a description for my cup描述某件物品,英文

第一篇：a description for my cup描述某件物品,英文

This is a cupthat one of my best friends gave to me as a birthday gift in 2012.It is a tea cupmade in Jingdezhen, the famous “Porcelain Capital” of China and that explains why there are three Chinese characters which means “Jingdezhen”on the bottom of it.My friend bought it when he went to Jingdezhen for sight-seeing with his families during the summer vacation.He said he knew that I like drinking tea, therefore he bought it for me.You can never imagine how happy I was when I received this precious gift.The cup is made up of two parts: the main body of the cup and a lid for it, both of which is made of the well-known Jingdezhen ceramics.As for the main body of the cup, it is deliberately designed into a cylindrical shape without the blunt straight line but the graceful concave curve on the side of it, it has a round mouth bigger than the round bottom andlike most of Chinese –style tea cups, the surface of it is covered by blue and white patterns, with a picture of beautiful traditional Chinese landscape painting on it.Besides, there is a cute ear-like handle on the side of it.As for the lid, it is also round, of course, and has four Chinese characters which means “be a friend forever” on the top of it.The cup is not big, about 7 centimeters high and can hold for a cup of tea that I can drink up in two times in general, which is just appropriate for me.My friend said the truth, for I really like drinking tea.I use this cup to make tea almost every afternoon, since the day when I received it.Now three years has past and the color of the cup is not as bright as when it was new.However, the friendship between my friend and I didn’t fade and I believe it would never fade.

第二篇：购房合同翻译件英文

商品房买卖合同

Commodity house purchase and sale contract 合同编号：(Contract Number: xxxxxxxxxxxxx)合同双方当事人：

Contractual Parties:

出卖人：xxxxxxxxxxxx房地产开发有限公司

Seller:xxxxxxxxxxxxxreal estate development Co., LTD注册地址：xx县xx街

Registered address: xx，xx County

营业执照注册号：xxxxxxxx

Registration number of Business license: xxxxxxxxx企业资质证书号：x建房【xxxx】xxx号

Enterprise qualification certificate: 【xxxx】 No.xxx 法定代表人：xxx

Legal representative:xxx

联系电话：xxxxxxxxx

Tel:xxxxxxxx

邮政编码：xxxxxxxxx

Postal code: xxxxxxx

受托代理人：

邮编：地址： Authorized agent:

Postal code:

委托代理机构：Address: 联系电话：Tel:

Authorized agency:

注册地址：

Registered address:

营业执照注册号：

Registration No.of Business License:

法定代表人：联系电话 Legal Representative:

邮政编码：

Postal code:

买受人：xxxxxTel:

Buyer:xxxxxxxxxx

本人/法定代表人 姓名：xxxx

Personal/ Legal representative Name:xxxxxxxx国籍：中国

Nationality:China

身份证号码：xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

I.D.Card:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

地址：xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Address:xxxxxxxxxxxxx

邮证编码：xxxxxxxxx

Postal code:xxxxxxxxxx

联系电话：xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Tel: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

受托代理人 姓名：

地址：国籍： Authorized agent Name:

Address：

邮政编码：Nationality联系电话

Postal code:

Tel:

根据国家和省法律、法规和有关规定，买受人和出卖人在平等、自愿、协商一致的基础上就买卖商品房达成如下协议：

In accordance with Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Urban Real Estate Administration and pertinent laws and regulations, the seller and buyer, based on equality, voluntariness and negotiated consensus, hereby conclude the following agreement on the purchase and sale of commodity house:

第一条 项目建设依据。

Article 1 Basis for project construction

出卖人以 出让 方式取得位于xxxxxxxxxxx 编号为xxx的地块的土地使用权，取得《土地使用权证书》。土地使用权证号为x国用（xxxx）第xxxx号。

The seller obtained the use right of the land parcel ocated locatedbyThe number of Assignment

该地块土地面积为xxxx平方米，规划用途为 商住，土地使用权年限自2011 年至2061 年。

The area of this land parcel is 2

出卖人经批准，在上述地块上建设商品房，【现定名】xxxxxxxx。建设工程规划许可证号为xxxxxx，施工许可证号为xxxxxx。

Upon examination and approval, the seller built commercial building on the land parcel.The building’s name is the No.of Permit for A 第二条 商品房销售依据。

Article 2 Basis for Sale of Commodity House

买受人购买的商品房为【现房】【预售商品房】。预售商品房批准机关为 xx县房地产管理所，商品房预售许可证号为xxxxxxx 号。The pre-sale of the commodity house is approved by the No.of Pre-sale Permit of Commodity House is 第三条 买受人所购商品房的基本情况。

Article 3 General Information of the Commodity house purchased by the buyer 买受人购买的商品房为【现房】【预售商品房】（以下简称该商品房，其房屋平面图见本合同附件一，房号以附件一上表示为准）。该商品房为本合同第一条规定的项目中的：

第xxxxxxxxx号楼 【幢】 【座】x 【单元】x【层】xxx号房。

The commodity house purchased by the buyer(referred to as “this commodity house” hereinafter.See attachment 1 thereto for the floor plan.The apartment no.is subject to attachment 1)is: 该商品房的用途为 住宅，属混合结构 结构，层高为x米，建筑层数地上x 层，地下x 层。该商品房合同约定建筑面积共xx平方米，其中，套内建筑面积平方米，公共部位与公用房屋分摊建筑面积平方米（有关公共部位与公用房屋分摊建筑面积构成说明见附件

二）。in details, the indoor floor area is 2, and the sharing floor area for public places and public housing 2,(see attachment 2 to this contract for the constitution of the sharing floor area for public places and public housing)

第四条 计价方式与价款。

Article 4 Charging Method and Price 出卖人与买受人约定按建筑面积计算，该商品房单价为（人民币）每平方米_xxxx_ __元，总金额为（小写）xxxx元整，（大写）xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx整，币种为人民币。

The seller and the buyer agree to calculate the price of this commodity house inin terms of floor area, the unit price for this commodity house is(Currency: RMB)

......第十九条 本合同在履行过程中发生的争议，由双方当事人协商解决；协商不成的，按下述第_2_种方式解决：

Article 19 the disputes incurred in performing this contract shall be settled by both parties upon negotiation;if the negotiation fails, settle it in second method as follows:

1．提交仲裁委员会仲裁。

2．依法向人民法院起诉。

1.submit to arbitration committee for handling

2.file a lawsuit to people’s court in accordance with law.第二十条 本合同未尽事项，可由双方约定后签订补充协议（见附件四）。

Article 20 in case of unmentioned matters by this contract, both parties shall make agreements and conclude supplementary agreement(attachment 4)

第二十一条 合同附件与本合同具有同等法律效力。本合同及其附件内，空格部分填写的文字与印刷文字具有同等效力。

Article 21 each attachment to this contract has the same legal force with this

contract.In this contract and the attachments thereof, the handwriting content in blank lines has the same legal force with the printing text.第二十二条 本合同连同附件共__xx_页，一式 x 份，具有同等法律效力，合同持有情况如下：

出卖人_ x 份，买受人_ x 份，房管所备案x份，抵押x份，银行按揭x份 legal force.The detailed situation is as follows:

The seller copy, the buyer copy, Housing Administration 第二十三条 本合同自双方签订之日起生效。

Article 23 this contract takes effect upon date of conclusion by both parties.第二十四条 商品房预售的，自本合同生效之日起30天内，由出卖人向 xx县房地产管理所申请登记备案。upon the effectiveness of this contract.出卖人（签章）： xxxxxxxxxxxxx房地产有限公司买受人（签章）：xxx

Seal of the seller:

xxxxxxxxxxx real estate development Co., LTDSignature or Seal of the Buyer:xxxxxxx

【法定代表人】：xxxxxxx【法定代表人】：xxxxxx

【委托代理人】：【委托代理人】：

（签章）xxx房地产管理所商品房备案专用章（签章）

Legal representative: xxxxxxxxxxxx

Authorized agent:

Legal representative:xxxxxx Authorized agent:

xx年 xx 月 xx 日xxx年x月 x 日

Date :xxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Date: xxxxxxxxxx

第三篇：管件阀门英文对照

锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe 无缝钢管 seamless(SMLS)steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe 电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe 电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 热轧无缝钢管 hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拔无缝钢管 cold-drawing seamless pipe 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube 直管 run pipe;straight pipe

1.2 管件 Fitting

弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 带支座弯头 base elbow k半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow 长半径180°弯头 long radius return 短半径180°弯头 short radius return 带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow(right hand or left hand)双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow 三通 tee 异径三通 reducing tee 等径三通 straight tee 带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee(right hand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee(reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee(reducing on one run)带支座三通 base tee 异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee(reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee(reducing on both runs, bull head)

45°斜三通 45° lateral

45°斜三通（支管为异径）45° lateral(reducing on branch)

45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径)45° lateral(reducing on one run)

45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径)45° lateral(reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y” 四通 cross

等径四通 straight cross 异径四通 reducing cross

异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross(reducing on one outlet)

异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross(reducing on one run and outlet)

异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross(reducing on both outlet)

异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross(reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管 reducer

同心异径管 concentric reducer 偏心异径管 eccentric reducer 锻制异径管 reducing swage 螺纹支管台 threadolet 焊接支管台 weldolet 承插支管台 sockolet 弯头支管台 elbolet 斜接支管台 latrolet 镶入式支管嘴 sweepolet 短管支管台 nipolet

支管台，插入式支管台 boss 管接头 coupling, full coupling 半管接头 half coupling

异径管接头 reducing coupling 活接头 union

内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing 管帽 cap(C)堵头 plug 短节 nipple

异径短节 reducing nipple;swage nipple

1.3 弯管 Bend

预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend 跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend 偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend 90°弯管 quarter bend 环形弯管 cirele bend 单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bend S形弯管 “S” bend 单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bend U形弯管 “U” bend 双偏置U膨胀弯管 double offset expansion “U” bend 斜接弯管 mitre bend 三节斜接弯管 3-piece mitre bend 折皱弯管 corrugated bend 圆度 roundness

1.4 法兰 Flange(FLG）

整体管法兰 integral pipe flange 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange 螺纹法兰 threaded flange 滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange(SO);slip-on welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange 松套法兰 lap joint flange(LJF)对焊法兰 welding neckflange(WNF)法兰盖 blind flange, blind 孔板法兰 orifice flange 异径法兰 reducing flange 盘座式法兰

pad type flange 松套带颈法兰 loose hubbed flange 焊接板式法兰

welding plate flange 对焊环 welding neck collar（与stub end相似）

平焊环 welding-on collar 突缘短节 stub end, lap 翻边端 lapped pipe end 松套板式法兰 loose plate flange 压力级 pressure rating, pressure rating class 压力—温度等级 pressure-temperature rating 法兰密封面，法兰面 flange facing

突面 raised face(RF)凸面 male face(MF)凹面 female face(FMF)榫面 tongue face 槽面

groove face

环连接面 ring joint face

全平面；满平面 flat face;full face(FF)光滑突面 smooth raised face(SRF)法兰面加工 facing finish 粗糙度 roughness 光滑的 smooth 齿形 serrated

均方根 root mean square(RMS)

算术平均粗糙高度 arithmetical average roughness height(AARH)配对法兰 companion-flange 螺栓圆 bolt circle(B.C.)

1.5 垫片 Gasket(GSKT)

垫片的型式 type of gasket

平垫片 flat gasket

环形平垫片 flat ring gasket平金属垫片 flat metal gasket

夹棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with cotton fabric insertion

夹石棉织物的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion

夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement

无石墨压缩白石棉垫片 non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket

天然白橡胶垫片 natural white rubber gasket 压缩石棉垫片 compressed asbestos class gasket

浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片 PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket

夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片 spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler 内环 inner ring

外环，外定位环 outer ring

波纹金属垫片 corrugated metal gasket

波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片 corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted 双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片 corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket 双夹套垫片 double jacketed gasket 金属包石棉平垫片 flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket 整体金属齿形垫片 solid metal serrated gasket 槽形金属垫片 grooved metal gasket 环形连接金属垫片 ring joint metal gasket 八角环形垫片 octagonal ring gasket 椭圆环形垫片 oval ring gasket 透镜式垫片 lens gasket 非金属垫片 non-metallic gasket

1.6 阀门 Valve

1.6.1 阀门结构、零件

阀轭 yoke 外螺纹阀杆及阀轭 outside screw and yoke(OS & Y)阀杆 stem 内螺纹 inside screw(IS)阀轭套 yoke sleeve 阀杆环 stem ring 阀座 valve seat(body seat)阀座环、密封圈 seat ring 整体（阀）座 integral seat 堆焊（阀）座 deposited seat 阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim 阀盘 disc 阀盘密封圈 disc seat 阀体 body 阀盖 bonnet 阀盖衬套 bonnet bush 螺纹阀帽 screw cap 螺纹阀盖 screw bonnet 螺栓连接的阀盖 bolted bonnet(BB)活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet(cap)螺栓连接的阀帽 bolted cap(BC)焊接阀盖 welded bonnet(WB)本体阀杆密封 body stem seal 石棉安全密封 asbestos emenen seal

倒密封 back seal

压力密封的阀盖 pressure-tight bonnet 动力操纵器 powered operator

电动操纵器 electric motor operator 气动操纵器 pneumatic operator 液压操纵器 hydraulic operator 快速操纵器 quick-acting operator 滑动阀杆 sliding stem

正齿轮传动 spur gear operated 伞齿轮传动 bevel gear operated 扳手操作 wrench operated 链轮 chain wheel 手轮 hand wheel

手柄 hand lever(handle)

气缸（或液压缸）操纵的 cylinder operated 链条操纵的 chain operated

等径孔道 full bore;full port

异径孔道 reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port

短型 short pattern

紧凑型（小型）compact type 笼式环 lantern ring 压盖 gland

阀杆填料 stem packing 阀盖垫片 bonnet gasket

升杆式（明杆）rising stem(RS)

非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem(NRS)指示器/限位器 indicator/stopper 注油器 grease injector

可更换的阀座环 renewable seat ring

1.6.2 常用阀

(1）闸阀 gate valve

平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat 开口楔形闸板 split wedge

挠性整体楔形闸扳 flexible solid wedge 整体楔形闸板 solid wedge 塞型闸阀 plug gate valve

直通型闸阀 through conduit gate valve(2)截止阀 globe valve 球心型阀盘 globe type disc 塞型阀盘 plug type disc 可转动的阀盘 swivel disc(3)节流闪阀 throttle valve 针阀 needle valve(4)角阀 angle valve(5)Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)(6)球阀 ball valve 三通球阀 3-way ball valve 装有底轴的 trunnion mounted 耐火型 fire safe type 浮动球型 floating ball type 防脱出阀杆 blowout proof stem(7)蝶阀 butterfly valve 对夹式（薄片型）wafer type 凸耳式 lug type 偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc burerfly valve;eccentric butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve 连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve 8)柱塞阀 piston type valve(9)旋塞阀 plug valve 三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve 四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve 旋塞 cock 衬套旋塞 sleeve cock(10)隔膜阀 diaphragm valve 橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve 堰式隔膜阀 weir diaphragm valve(11)夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）

(12)止回阀 check valve 升降式止回阀 lift check valve 旋启式止回阀 swing check valve, flap check valve 落球式止回阀 ball check valve 弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve 双板对夹式止回阀 dual plate wafer type check valve 无撞击声止回阀 non-slam cheek valve 底阀 foot valve 切断式止回阀 stop check valve;non-return valve 活塞式止回阀 piston check valve

斜翻盘止回阀 tilting disc check valve 蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve

1.6.3 其它用途的阀

安全泄气阀 safety valve(SV)安全泄液阀 relief valve(RV)安全泄压阀 safety relief valve 杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type

引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀 pilot operated safety valve

复式安全泄气阀 twin type safety valve 罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve

电磁阀 solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve

电动阀 electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve

气动阀 pneumatic operated valve 低温用阀 cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap

机械式疏水阎 mechanical trap

浮桶式疏水阀 open bucket trap, open top bucket trap

浮球式疏水阀 float trap

倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap 自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap 恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap

金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 metal expansion steam trap

液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 liquid expansion steam trap

双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀 bimetallic expansion steam trap

压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap

热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap 放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve(automatic air vent valve)（疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀 slab type sliding gate valve 盖阀 flat valve

换向阀 diverting valve, reversing valve 热膨胀阀 thermo expansion valve 自动关闭阀 self-closing gate valve 自动排液阀 self-draining valve 管道盲板阀 line-blind valve 挤压阀 squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀 breather valve 风门、挡板 damper 减压阀 pressure reducing valve, reducing valve 控制阀 control valve 膜式控制阀 diaphragm operated control valve 执行机构 actuator 背压调节阀 back pressure regulating valve 差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve 压力比例调节阀 pressure ratio regulating valve

1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀

切断阀 block valve;shut-off valve;stop valve 调节阀 regulating valve 快开阀 quick opening valve 快闭阀 quick closing valve 隔断阀 isolating valve 三通阀 three way valve 夹套阔 jacketed valve 非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve 排污阀 blowdown valve 集液排放阀 drip valve 排液阀 drain valve 放空阀 vent valve 卸载阀 unloading valve 排出阀 discharge valve 吸入阀 suction valve 多通路阀 multiport valve 取样阀 sampling valve 手动阀 hand-operated valve;manually operated valve 锻造阀 forged valve 铸造阀 cast valve（水）龙头 bibb;bib;faucet 抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve 旁路阀 by-pass valve

软管阀 hose valve

混合阀 mixing valve

破真空阀 vacuum breaker 冲洗阀 flush valve

第一道阀；根部阀 primary valve 根部阀 root valve 总管阀 header valve

事故切断阀 emergency valve

1.7 管道特殊件 Piping Specialty

1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）

粗滤器 strainer

过滤器 filter 临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer(cone type)

y 型粗滤器 y-type strainer T型粗滤器 T-type strainer 永久过滤器 permanent filter 丝网粗滤器 gauze strainer

洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass

阻火器 flame arrester 喷嘴；喷头 spray nozzle 取样冷却器 sample cooler 消声器 silencer

膨胀节 expansion joint

波纹膨胀节 bellow expansion joint 单波 single bellow 双波 double bellow 多波 multiple bellow

压力平衡式膨胀节 pressure balanced expansion

带铰链膨胀节 hinged expansion joint

轴向位移型膨胀节 axial movement type expansion joint

自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansion joint

带接杆膨胀节 tied expansion joint

万向型膨胀节 universal type expansion joint 球形补偿器 ball type expansion joint

填函式补偿器 slip type(packed type)expansion joint 单向滑动填料函补偿器 single actionpacked slip joint

1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element

软管接头 hose connection(HC)快速接头 quick coupling 金属软管 metal hose 橡胶管 rubber hose 挠性管 flexible tube 鞍形补强板 reinforcing saddles 补强板 reinforcement pad 特殊法兰 special flange 漏斗 funnel 排液环 drip ring 排液漏斗 drain funnel 插板 blank 垫环 spacer 8字盲板 spectacle blind;figure 8 blind 限流孔板 restriction orifice 爆破片 rupture disk 法兰盖贴面 protective disc 费托立克接头 victaulic coupling

1.8 端部连接 End Connection

法兰端 flanged end 坡口端 beveled end(BE)对焊端 butt welded end平端 plain end(PE)承插焊端 socket welding end 螺纹端 threaded end(TE)承口 bell end 焊接端 welding end 法兰连接（接头）flanged joint 对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint 螺纹连接，管螺纹连接 threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 锥管螺纹密封焊连接 seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint 承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint 环垫接头 ring joint(RJ)万向接头 universal joint

软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint 搭接接头，松套连接 lapped joint

外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for outside thickncss 内侧厚度切斜角 bevel for inside thickness 内外侧厚度切斜角 bevel for combined thickness

法兰式的 flanged(FLGD)对焊的 butt welded(BW)螺纹的 threaded(THD)承插焊的 socket welded(SW)小端为平的 small end plain(SEP)大端为平的 large end plain(LEP)两端平both ends plain(BEP)

小端带螺纹 small end thread(SET)大端带螺纹 large end thread(LET)两端带螺纹 both end thread(BET)

一端带螺纹 one end thread(OET)支管连接 branch connection

焊接支管 branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe 管道用紧固件及螺纹

2.1 紧固件

螺栓 bolt

六角头螺栓 hexagonal head bolt 方头螺栓 square head bolt 螺柱，双头螺栓 stud bolt 环头螺检 eye bolt

沉头螺栓 countersunk(head)screw 地脚螺栓 anchor bolt;foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝）turnbuckle U形螺栓 U-bolt T形螺栓 T-bolt

圆头螺钉 round head bolt 机螺栓，机螺钉 maehine bolt 顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓 Jack screw 自攻螺钉 self tapping screw 膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt 粗制的 coarse

精制的 finished, fine 螺母 nut

六角螺母 hexagonal nut 方螺母 square nut 蝶形螺母 wing nut 扁螺母 flat nut 锁紧螺母 lock nut 垫圈 washer平垫圈 plain washer 球面垫圈 spherical washer 弹簧垫圈 spring washer 方垫圈 square washer 斜垫圈 slant washer 销轴 pinned shan 销 pin 开口销 cotter pin 定位销 dowel pin 带孔销 pin with hole 圆锥销 taper pin 铆钉 rivet 键 key

2.2

螺纹

左螺纹left hand thread 右螺纹 right hand thread 管螺纹 pipe thread 锥管螺纹 taper pipe thread 直管螺纹straight pipe thread 梯形螺纹 trapezoid thread 螺距pitch of thread 粗牙螺纹coarse thread 细牙螺纹 fine thread 特细牙螺纹extra fine thread 通长螺纹full thread 惠氏螺纹whitworth thread 公制螺纹 metric ibread 美国标准锥管螺纹 American standard taper pipe thread(NPT)螺孔 tap 材料、型钢及填料

3.1 金属材料

3.1.1 黑色金属 Ferrous Metal

碳素钢 carbon steel(CS)低碳钢 low-carbon steel 中碳钢 medium-carbon steel 高碳钢 high-carbon steel

普通碳素钢 general carbon steel

优质碳素钢 high-quality carbon steel

普通低合金结构钢 general structure low-alloy steel

合金结构钢 structural alloy steel 合金钢 alloy steel

低合金钢 low alloy steel 中合金钢 medium alloy steel 高合金钢 high alloy steel 耐热钢 heat resisting steel 高强度钢 high strength steel 复合钢 clad steel 工具钢 tool steel 弹簧钢 spring steel 钼钢 molybdenum steel

镍钢 nickel steel 铬钢 chromium steel

铬钼钢 chrome-molybdenum steel

铬镍钢 chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel

不锈钢 stainless steel(S.S.)

奥氏体不锈钢 Austenitic stainless steel 马氏体不锈钢 Martensitic stainless steel 司特来合金（钨铬钴台金）Stellite 耐蚀耐热镍基合金 Hastelloy 铬镍铁合金 inconel 耐热铬镍铁合金 incoloy 20合金 20 alloy

平炉钢（马丁钢）Martin steel 镇静钢 killed steel 半镇静钢 semi-killed steel

沸腾钢 rimmed steel;rimming steel;open-steel

锻钢 forged steel 铸钢 cast steel

铸铁 cast iron(C.I.)灰铸铁 grey cast iron

可锻铸铁 malleable iron(MI)球墨铸铁 nodular cast iron;nodular graphite iron 生铁 pig iron 熟铁，锻铁 wrought iron 铸件 casting 高硅铸铁 high silicon cast iron

3.1.2 镀层及制造方法

渗铬钢，镀铬钢 chromized steel 镀铬的 chromium-plated, chrome-plated 镀层 plating 锻造，型钢 swage 锻造的，锻造 forging 轧制 rolling 热轧 hot rolling 冷轧 cold rolling 挤压 extruding 冷加工 cold working 热加工 hot working 拔制 drawing

3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal

铝 aluminum 铜，紫铜 copper 黄铜 brass 青铜 bronze 铝青铜 aluminum bronze 磷青铜 phosphor bronze 铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium 锰青铜 manganese bronze 蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金）Monel 镍铜台金 nickel copper alloy 非铁合金 nonferrous alloy 钛 titanium 铅 lead 硬铅 hard lead

3.1.4 材料性能

极限强度 ultimate strength 抗拉强度 tensile strength 屈服极限 yield limit

屈服点 yield point

延伸率 percentage elongation 抗压强度 compressive strength 抗弯强度 bending strength 弹性极限 elastic limit 冲击值 impact value 疲劳极限 fatigue limit 蠕变极限 creep limit

持久极限 endurance limit 布氏硬度 Brinell hardness 洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness

维氏硬度 Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness

蠕变断裂强度 creep rupture strength 断面收缩率 reduction of area 韧性 toughess 脆性 brittleness 延性 ductility

冷脆 cold shortness 冷流 cold flow

3.2 非金属材料 Non-metallic Material

塑料 plastic

丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)聚乙烯 polyethylene(PE)聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride(PVC)苯乙烯橡胶 styrene-rubber(SR)聚丁烯 polybutylene(PB)聚丙烯 polypropylene(PP)聚苯乙烯 polystyrene(PS)

氯化聚醚 chlorinated polyether(CPE)聚酰胺 polyamide(PA)

聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate(PC)

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)

醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate(CAB)

氯化聚氯乙烯 chlorinated polyvinyl chloride(CPVC)

聚偏二氟乙烯 polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)

缩醛塑料 acetal plastic 尼龙塑料 nylon plastic 聚烯烃 polyolefin(PO)石墨酚醛塑料 graphite phenolic plastics 聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料 fiber reinforced thermoplastics 热塑性塑料 thermoplastic 热固性塑料 thermosetting plastics 胶粘剂 adhesive 溶剂胶接剂 solvent cement 树脂 resin 环氧树脂 epoxy, epoxy resin 聚酯树脂 polyester resin 聚酯纤维 polyester fibers 氟塑料 fluoroplastics 聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane 丙烯酸树脂 acrylic resin 脲醛树脂 urea resin 呋哺树脂 furan resin 乙烯丙烯二烃单体 ethylene propylene diene monomer(EPDM)合成橡胶 synthetic rubber 橡胶 rubber 丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber 氯丁橡胶 neoprene 天然橡胶 natural rubber 乙丙橡胶 ethylene propylene rubber(EPR)玻璃 glass 硼硅玻璃 borosilicate glass 耐火砖 fire brick 陶瓷 ceramic 搪瓷 porcelain enamel 木材 wood

3.3 型材

型钢 shaped steel, section steel, swage 角钢 angle steel 槽钢 channel 工字钢 I-beam 宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beam T型钢 T-bar 方钢 square bar 扁钢 flat bar

角钢 hexagonal steel bar 圆钢 round steel;rod 钢带 strap steel 钢板 plate

网纹钢板 checkered plate 腹板（指型钢的立板）web 翼缘（指型钢的缘）wing

3.4 填料及填料函

填料 packing

石棉绳 asbestos rope, asbestos cord． O形环 O-ring

自密封 self-sealing

四氟带 Teflon tap

带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳 asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos

浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料 Teflon impregnated asbestos packing 金属填料 metallic stuffing

填料箱，填料函 packing box, stuffing box 填料函压盖 stuffing box gland 管道等级及材料统计

4.1 管道材料规定 Piping Material Specification

管道等级 piping class;piping classification 管道等级号 class designation

公称直径 nominal diameter(DN);nominal(pipe)size

公称压力 nominal pressure(PN)压力级，等级，类别 class(CL)低压 low pressure(L.P.)中压 medium pressure(M.P.)高压 high pressure(H.P.)大气压 atmosphere(ATM)

真空 vacuum

工作压力 operating pressure;working pressure

设计压力 design pressure

工作温度 operating temperature 设计温度 design temperature 环境温度 ambient temperature 腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowance 管道附件 piping attachment 管道元件 piping element 壁厚 wall thickness(WT)壁厚系列号 schedule number(SCH.No.)加厚的，加强的 extra heavy, extra strong 双倍加厚的，双倍加强的 double extra heavy, double extra strong 通用连接组 typieal installation 分组（类）形式（如管道等级表）block form 数据库 data base 文件 file

4.2 材料统计 Material Take-off(MTO)

汇总表 summary sheet 材料表 bill of material(BM)综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet(CPMSS)统计材料准确度 accuracy of take-off 材料情况报告 material status report(MSR)散装材料 bulk material 编位号的 itemized 代码 code number 短代码 short code 数量 quantity(QTY)重力 weight 净重 net weight 毛重 gross weight 设备布置及管道布置

Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement

5.1 设备名称 Equipment Name

5.1.1 容器 Vessel

(1)塔 tower, column 洗涤塔 scrubber 吸收塔 absorber

冷却塔 cooling tower 精馏塔 fractionating tower 蒸馏塔 distillation tower 再生塔 regenering tower 造粒塔

prflling tower

汽提塔 stripper 脱气塔 degasifier 合成塔 synthesis tower(2)反应器 reactor 聚台釜 polymerizer 转化器，变换器 converter 脱硫反应器 desulphurization reactor 甲烷化器 methanator(3)

气柜 gas-holder 螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder 湿式气柜 wet gas-holder 干式气柜 dry gas-holder(4)

槽罐

贮罐 tank;storage tank 缓冲罐 knock out drum

球罐 spheroid, spherical tank 罐 drum

接受槽 receiver

计量槽 measuring tank 加料槽 feed tank 排污罐 blow down tank 闪蒸罐 flash drum

汽包 steam drum

溶液贮槽 solution storage tank 地下槽 sloptank(5)其它设备 分离器 separator 旋风分离器 cyclone 分子筛 molecular sieve 脱氧器 deaerator 搅拌器 agitator 干燥器 dryer 混合器 mixer 萃取器 extractor 结晶器 crystallizer 澄清器 gravity settler 净化器 purifier 气化器 vaporizer 吸附器 adsorber 融解槽 melter 减温器 desuperheater 升压器 booster 喷射器 ejector 喷头 sprayer 火炬 flare 消声器 silencer(6)换热器、加热器、冷却器 换热器 heat exchanger 空冷器 air cooler 水冷却器 water cooler 冷凝器 condenser 螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器 evaporator 再沸器 reboiler 急冷器 quencher 深冷器 chiller 预热器 preheater 再热器 reheater 加热器 heater 电加热器 electric heater 过热器 super heater 给水加热器 feed water heater 中间冷却器 inter cooler 后冷却器 after cooler

5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉

炉子 furnace 烧嘴 burner 锅炉 boiler 烟囱 stack 废热锅炉 waste heat boiler 辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler 省煤器 economizer 回热炉 direct-fired heater 辐射段 radiant section 对流段 convection section 裂化炉 reformer 焚烧炉 incinerator 回转窑 rotary kiln 炉管 furnace tube 吹灰器 soot blower 观察孔 observation door, peep door

防爆门 explosion door

5.2 辅助用房名称

5.2.1 生产用房

分析室 analyzer room

变压器室 transformer room

配电室，变电所 substation, switch room 蓄电池室 battery room 控制室 control room 通风室 ventilating room 贮藏室 storage room

维修间 maintenance room 办公室 office

5.2.2 生活用房

更农室 locker room

盥洗室，厕所 closet, lavatory, toilet

5.3 图名

管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan(PAP)

管道布置 piping layout 轴测图 isometric drawing

分区索引图 key plan 初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan(“A” issue)

内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）inrernal approval plot plan(“B” issue)

用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版)owner approval plot plan(“C” issue)

确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan(“D” issue)

研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan(“E” issue)设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan(“F” issue)

施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construction plot plan(“G” issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元

压缩机房 compressor house(room)泵房 pump house(room)洗眼站 eye washer station 泡沫站 foam station 软管站，公用工程站 hose station(HS), utility station 成套设备 package unit 设施 facilities 罐区 tank yard 空分装置 air separation facility

5.5 设备布置

设备位号 equipment item number 工厂 plant 工厂区界 plant limit 项目区界内侧 inside battery limit(I.S.B.L.)项目区界 batterylimit(BL)区界 area limit 区域边界 zone iimit 界外 off site 东 east(E)西 west(W)南 south(S)北 north(N)上 up 下 down 工厂北向 plant north 真实北向 true north 道路 road 小过道 cat walk, cat way 走道，过道 walk way, gangway, access way 污水坑（井）sump pit 集水池 catch basin 沟槽 through 预留区 trough 场地 future area 铺砌区 paving area 非铺砌区 unpaved area 碎石铺面 gravel paving 橡皮铺面 rubber paving 面积，区域 area

体积，容积 volume(VOL)

5.6 管道布置

管道设计 piping design 管道研究 piping study 走向研究 routing study 重要管道 critical piping 地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管网 network of pipes 管廊 pipe rack 管沟 piping trench 管间距 line spacing 管道跨距 line span 总管 header, manifold 旁路 by pass 排液 drain

放空 vent

上升管，垂直管 riser

导管 canduit 裸管 bare iine

管件直接 fitting to fitting(FTF)管段，接口 spool piece, spool 取样接口 sampling connection 集液包 drip leg

伴热管 tracing pipe 蒸汽伴热 steam tracing 热水伴热 hot-water tracing 电伴热 electrical tracing

夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping 全夹套的 full jacketed平面 plan

详图 detail

“ ”视图X

view “X” “ ”剖视A-A

section “A-A” 连接图 hook up drawing

接续图 continue on drawing(COD)接续线 match line(M.L.)比例 scale

图例 legend 符号 symbol

管口表 list of nozzles 方位 orientation 管口方位 nozzle orientation 定位 location 相交 intersection 水平的 horizontal 垂直的，立式的 vertical 垂直，正交，垂直的 perpendicular平行，平行的 parallel 水平安装 horizontal installation 垂直安装 vertical installafion 对称的 symmetric 相反（的），对面（的）opposite 顺时针方向 clock wise 逆时针方向 counter clock wise 计算机辅助设计 computer aided design(CAD)

5.7 图面标注

绝对标高 abselute elevation 海平面标高 over-sea mean level(OSL)标高，立面 elevation(EL)混凝土顶面 top of concrete 架顶面 top of support(TOS)钢结构顶面 top of steel 梁项面 top of beam(TOB)支撑点 point of suppon(POS)管顶 top of pipe(TOP)管底 bouom of pipe(BOP)沟底 boaom of trench 管子内底 invert(inside bottom of pipe)底平flat on bottom(FOB)顶平flat on top(FOT)工作点 working point(W.P.)面至面 face to face(F-F)中心至端面 center to end(C-E)中心至面 center to face(C-F)中心至中心，中至中 center to center(C-C)坐标 coordinate 坐标原点 origin of coordinate 出口中心线 center line of discharge 入口中心线 center line of suction 中心线 centerline(CL)

入口 inlet, suction 出口 outlet, discharge 排出口 exhaust 距离 distance

5.8 相关专业的专业词汇

5.8.1 工艺

(1)图及表

流程图 flow diagram

工艺流程图 process flow diagram(PFD)管道及仪表流程图 piping and

instrument flow diagram(PID)

公用工程流程图 utility flow diagram(UFD)管线表 line list;line schedule 命名表；管道表 nomenclature 设备表 equipment list(schedule)

(2)流体 fluid

空气 air

仪表空气 instrument air 工艺空气 process air

低压蒸汽 low pressure steam 中压蒸汽 medium pressure steam 高压蒸汽 high pressure steam 伴热蒸汽 tracing steam 饱和蒸汽 saturated steam 过热蒸汽 superheated steam 氧气 oxygen 氢气 hydrogen 氮气 nitrogen 燃料气 fuel gas 天然气 natural gas 火炬气 flare gas

酸性气 sour gas

液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas(LPG)氨气 ammonia gas 冷却水 cooling

循环水 circulating water 锅炉给水 boiler feed water 热水 hot water 蒸汽冷凝水 steam condensate 盐水 brine 工艺水 process water 化学污水 chemical sewage 防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor 重油 heavy oil 石脑油 naphtha 燃料油 fuel oil 润滑油 lubricating oil 密封油 sealing oil 冷冻剂 refrigerant 载热体 heating medium 溶剂 solvent 溶液 solution 母液 mother liquor 单体 monomer 聚合物 polymer 均聚物 homopolymer 共聚物 copolymer 工艺液体 process liquid 工艺气体 process gas 硫酸 sulphuric acid 盐酸 chlorhydric acid 硝酸 nitric acid 烧碱 caustic soda(3)流体特性 fluid characteristics 蒸汽压 vapor pressure 临界温度 critical temperature 临界点 critical point 临界压力 critical pressure 比热 specific heat 湿度 humidity 密度 density 比重 specific gravity 粘度 viscosity 闪点 flash point 融点 melting point 凝固点 freezing point 浓度 concentration 爆炸极限 limit of explosion 有毒的 toxic 可燃的；易燃的 flammable(4)其它

回收 recovery

再生 regeneration 循环 cireulatlon

再循环；再生 recycle 补充 make-up 制备 preparation 蒸汽吹扫 steaming out 吹扫 purge

抽空；排空 evacuation 吹出 blow-off 排污 blow down 破真空 vacuum breaker 大气腿 barometric leg 备用 stand-by

化学清洗 chemical cleaning

净正吸入压头 net positive suction head(NPSH)进料 feed 成品 product

污染 contamination

大气污染 atmospheric pollution 环境温度 ambient temperature

5.8.2 建筑、结构

建筑物 building

钢结构 steel structure

已有钢结构 existing steel structure

钢筋混凝土结构 reinforced concrete construction 楼面 floor平台 platform(PF)地面 ground level 栏杆 handrail

楼梯 stair;stair way 直梯 ladder

柱 column;post;stanchion 基础 foundation;footing 粱 beam

斜撑；支撑 bracing 桁架；主粱 girder 构件 member 隔墙 partition wall 墙 wall

篦子板 grate;grating 吊装孔 erection opening 吊梁 hoisting beam 棚 shelter 窗 window 天窗 skylight 门 door 防火门 fire door 地漏 floor drain 防火层 fire-proofing 总图 general plot plan 路肩 shoulder 桩 pile 灌浆 grouting 风荷载 wind load 雪荷载 snow load 动力荷载 dynamic load 静荷载 dead load 活荷载 live load 风速 wind velocity 主导风向 most frequent wind direction

5.8.3 仪表

盘（操作盘）panel 就地盘 local panel 仪表盘 instrument panel 常开 normally open 常闭 normally closed 电缆槽（架）cable tray(channel);cable rack 仪表电缆槽（架）instrument cable tray(duct)压力计 manometer;pressure gauge 热电偶 thermocouple 温度计 thermometer 液位计 level gauge 玻璃液位计 gage glass 温度计保护管 thermowell 流量计 flow meter 孔板 orifice 变送器 transmitter 联锁 interlock 仪器；设备 apparatus 仪器分析 instrumental analysis 自动分析 automatic analysis 气体分析 gas analysis

化学分析 chemical analysis

气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph 液相色谱仪 liquid chromatograph 质谱分析 mass spectrometric analysis

5.8.4 电气

危险区划分 hazardous area classification 危险区平面图 hazardous area plan 电气盘 electrical panel 配电盘 switch board 电缆沟 cable trench 电流 current

直流 direct current 交流 alternating current 频率 frequency 相位 phase

功率因数 power factor 电压 voltage 电阻 resistance 电容 capacitance

静电 static electricity 接地 grounding;easthing 照明 lighting;illumination 避雷针 lightning preventer 电话 telephone 电线 wire

接线箱（盒）junction box 导线管 conduit tube

5.8.5 设备

固定鞍座 fixed saddle 滑动鞍座 sliding saddle 管口 nozzle

人孔 manhole(MH)手孔 handhole(HH)检查孔 inspection hole 吊柱 davit 切线 tangent line 焊接线 weldingiine 件号 part humbet

椭圆形封头 ellipsoidal head 加强圈 reinforcing ring 接地板 earth lug 吊耳 lifting lug 气缸 cylinder 轴 shaft 轴承 bearing 附件，附属设备 accessory 编位号设备 itemized equipment 无位号设备 non-itemized equipment

5.8.6 水道

(1)流体

原水 raw water 硬水 hard water 软水 soft water 饮用水 potable water 循环冷却水给水 cooling water supply 循环冷却水回水 cooling water return 脱盐水 demineralized water 苦咸水（碱性水）brackish water 生活污水 sanitary sewer 工业废水 industrial waste water 雨水 rain water 污染雨水 contaminated rain water 消防水 fire water

(2)装置、设施

软化装置 softener 沉淀器 settler 沉淀池 clarifier 脱盐装置 demineralizer 水处理 water traatment 冷却塔 cooling tower 中和池 neutralization tank 化粪池 septic tank 渗滤井 soak-away pit 井 well 阀井 valve pit 清扫口 clean out

（3）消防

消火栓 hydrant 水炮 water monitor 洒水器 sprinkler 水喷淋 watering

灭火器 fire extinguisher 消防水泵 fire pump

消防车 fire fighting truck 泡沫消防 foam fire-fighting 泡沫栓 foam hydrant 泡沫炮 foam monitor

消防软管接头 fire hose connection 管道支吊架 Pipe Supports and Hangers

6.1 管架零部件 Attachment of Support

管托 shoe 管卡 clamp

U形夹（卡）clevis

锻制U形夹 forged steel clevis 支耳；吊耳 lug;ear 耳轴 trunnion

止动挡块 shear lug 托座 stool 托架 cradle

带状卡 strap clamp 夹板，导向板 cleat

可调夹板 adjustable cleat 角板；连接板 gusset 筋；肋 rib 支承环 ring 加强板 stiffiener 底板 base plate 顶板 top plate 翅片式导向板 fin

预埋件 embedded part;inserted plate 垫板（安装垫平用）shim 锚固件；生根件 clip

预焊件(设备上)clip(on equipment)聚四氟乙烯滑动板 PTFE sliding plate 连接板 tie plate 连接杆 tie rod 限制杆 limit rod 带环头拉杆 eye rod 连接杆 connecting rod 杠杆 lever 支撑杆 strut 定位块 preset pieces 间隔管（片、块）spacer 滑动吊板（吊架顶部用）sliding traveler(for hanger)滑轮组 tackle-block 钢索，电缆 cable 木块 wood block 鞍座 saddle 裙座 skirt 软管卷盘（简）hose reel 管部附着件 pipe attachment

6.2 管支架型式 Type of Pipe Support

支承架 resting support 滑动架 sliding support 固定架 anchor 导向架 guide 限制性支架；约束 restraint 限位架 stop 限位器 stopper 定值限位架 limit stop 二维限位架 two-axis stop 往复定值限位架 double-acting limit stop 定向限位架 directional stop 吊架 hanger 弹簧架 spring support 弹簧托架 resting type spring support 弹簧吊架 spring hanger 恒力吊架 constant hanger 重锤式吊架 counter weight hanger 弹簧恒力吊架 spring constant hanger 弹簧恒力托架 resting type spring constant support 滚动支架 rolling support 弹簧支撑架 spring bracing 减振器 snubber 液压减振器 hydraulic snubber 减振装置 damping device 缓冲简（器）dash pot

刚性吊架 rigid hanger

6.3 标准及通用型支架

标准管架 standard pipe support 通用管架 typical pipe support 悬臂架 cantilever support 三角架 triangular support’ 支腿 leg

Ⅱ形管架 Ⅱ-type support L形管架 L-type support 柱式管架 pole type support 墙架 support on wall

可调支架 adjustable support 管墩，低管架 sleeper 特殊管架 special support

管道支吊架图 piping support drawing

6.4 管架安装

背至背 back to back

钻孔 drill

长孔 slot;slot hole

放气孔；通气孔 vent hole 灌浆；水泥砂浆填平grouting 组装；装配 assembly 攻螺孔 tapped;tapping 自由滑动 free to slide 跨度 span

对中心；找正 alignment 切割使适合 cut to suit 修饰使适合 trim to suit

伸出长度（指预埋螺栓）extrusion

[table] 7 应力计算

热应力分析 thermal stress analysis

管道柔性分析 piping flexibility analysis 荷载工况 load case 力 force

反力 reaction 力矩 moment

弯曲力矩 bending moment 扭矩 torque 外载 externally applied load 荷载 load 冷态荷载 cold load 工作荷载 working load 外力 external force 内力 internal force 力偶 couple of force 管系 piping system 位移 displacement 附加位移 appendant displacement;externally imposed displacement 角位移 angular rotation 冷拉 cold spring 自拉 self spring 方向 direction 元件 member 节点 node 节点号 node number 自由 free 固定点 fix point;anchor point 刚性的 rigid 柔性 flexibility 塑性 plasticity 热循环 thermal cycle 剧烈循环条件 severe cyclic condition 应力 stress 弯曲应力 bending stress 扭转应力 torsional stress 轴向应力 axial stress 剪切应力 shear stress 拉应力 tension stress 压应力 compression stress 一次应力 primary stress 二次应力 secondary stress 位移（热胀）应力范围 displacement(thermal expansion)stress range 许用应力范围 allowable stress range 位移应力 displacement stress 柔性应力 flexibility stress 内压应力 internal pressure stress 外压应力 external pressure stress 纵向应力 longitudinal stress 许用应力 allowable stress

主应力 principal stress

圆周应力 circumferential stress;hoop stress 峰值应力 peak stress 脉动应力 pulsating stress 交变应力 alternating stress 残余应力 residual stress 热应力 thermal stress

遛转半径 radius of gyration

泊松比；横向变形系数 Poisson ratio 弹性模量 modulus ofelasticity 惯性矩 moment of inertia 极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia

断面系数 section modulus

应力集中系数 coefficient of stress concentration

应力范围减小系数 stress range reduction factur

应力增大系数 stress intensification factor 面内 in-plane

面外 out-plane

柔性系数 flexibility factor

柔度特性 flexibility characteristic 弹簧系数 spring constant

热膨胀系数 thermal expansion coefficient 安全系数 safety factor 应变；变形 strain;deformation 应变能 strain energy 挠度；弯度 deflection 地震 earthquake

耐震等级 seismic class

临时荷载 temporary load

地震荷载 seismic load;earthquake load 地震系数 seismic coemcient;seismic factor 冲击荷载 shock load

超载 superimposed load;excess load 集中质量 lumped mass 推力 thrust

设计震度 design scismic coefficient 设计响应谱 design response spectrum 谱分析 spectrum analysis 动态分析 dynamic analysis

谐振分析 harmonic analysis

固有振动型式 natural frequency mode 阻尼振动 damped vibration 机械振动 mechanical vibration 音响振动 acoustic vibration 自由振动 free vibration 共振 resonance 湍振 surging 脉动 pulsation 激振；激发 excitation 衰减系数 decay factor;decay coefficient;attenuation constant 固有频率 natural frequency 周期 period 波谷 wave trough 波峰 wave crest 振幅；波幅 amplitude 水锤 water hammer

[table] 隔热、隔声

玻璃棉 glass woo1 岩棉 rock wool

聚氨酯；聚氨基甲酸酯 polyurethane 泡沫玻璃 foam glass;cellular glass 沥青 asphalt 油毛毡 asphalt felt 镀锌铁丝 galvanized wire 镀锌铁丝网 galvanized wire mesh 石棉板 asbestos board 石棉布 asbastos cloth 石棉织品 asbestos fabric 管壳 shell 棉毡 blanket 硅酸钙 calcium silicate 硅酸铝纤维 aluminosilicate fiber 珍珠岩 perlite 泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete;cellular concrete 蛭石 vermiculite 矿（渣）棉 mineral wool 保温块 insulation block 硅藻土 kieselguhr;diatomite;diatomaceous earth 碳酸镁 magnesium carbonate

软木 cork wood

泡沫聚苯乙烯 cellular polystyrene;foam polystyrene

硬泡沫橡胶 rigid foam rubber 填颖材料 caulking material

玛帝脂保护层 mastic weatherproof coating 水泥抹面 finishing cement

金属保护层 clad;metal jacketing;cladding metal

玻璃布 glass(fiber)cloth

镀锌铁皮 galvanized(sheet)iron;galvanized plain sheet

铝板 alaminium sheet

油毛毡；沥青毡 asphalt felt 发毡 hair felt 发泡 foaming

导热系数 thermal conductivity factor 隔热；融热层 insulation 保温 hot insulation

保冷 cold insulation

人身保护 personal protection 隔声 sound insulation 防结露 anti-sweat 防冻 winterizing 线规 wire gage

伯明翰线规 Birmingham wire gage(BWG)美国线规 American wire gage(AWG)支承环 support ring

环箍 circumferential band 钢环 steel ring 吸声 sound-absorbing 分贝 Decibel 声源 sound source 声强 sound intensity

声压值 sound pressure level 噪声值 noise level;sound level 防腐、涂漆及腐蚀种类

防腐漆 anti-corrosive paint;rush-proof paint 涂漆 painting

涂层；覆盖层 coating

底漆 primary coat;bottom coat 面漆 finishing coat 清漆 varnish 瓷漆 enamel 防锈漆 antirust paint 醇酸瓷漆 alkyd enamel 酚醛漆 phenolic paint 沥青漆 bituminous paint 聚氨酯漆 polyurethane paint 有机硅漆 organic silicon paint 漆酚树脂漆 urushiol resin paint 环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint 过氯乙烯漆 ethylene perchloride paint 无机富锌漆 inorganic zinc-rich paint 耐酸漆 acid-proof paint 耐碱漆 alkali-proof paint 耐热漆 heat-proof paint 测温漆 thermo-paint 颜色 colour(color)淡（浅）色的；轻的 light 深色的 dark 红色的 red 蓝色的 blue 黄色的 yellow 绿色的 green 紫色的 purple 棕色的；褐色的 brown 橙色的 orange colour 灰色的 grey(gray)表面处理 surface preparation 阴极保护 cathodic protection 耐蚀性 corrosion resistance 腐蚀 corrosion 点蚀 pitting 缝隙腐蚀 crevice corrosion 晶间腐蚀 intergranular corrosion 电化腐蚀 electro corrosion 接触腐蚀 contact corrosion 气蚀 cavitation erosion 应力腐蚀 stress corrosion 气相腐蚀 gaseous corrosion 氢脆 hydrogen embrittlement

[table] 焊接 Welding

10.1 焊接种类 Varieties of Welding

电弧焊 arc welding

电熔焊 electric fusion welding(EFW)气熔焊 fusion gas welding(FGW)

电阻焊 electric resistance welding(ERW)有保护的金属电弧焊 shielded metal arc welding(SMAW)

手工或自动隋性气体保护钨极电弧焊 manual and automatic inert gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW)

自动埋弧焊 automatic submerged arc welding

金属极隋性气体保护电弧焊 gas metal arc weiding(GMAW)

氩弧焊 argon-arc welding，气体保护电弧焊 gas-shielded arc welding 气焊 gas welding;flame welding 等离子焊 plasma welding 硬钎焊 braze welding 电渣焊 electroslag welding 爆炸焊 explosive welding

10.2 焊接形式 Type of Welding

角焊 fillet welding 间断焊 intermittent welding 点焊 spot welding 对焊 butt welding 搭焊 lap welding 塞焊 plug welding 珠焊 bead welding 槽焊 slot welding 堆焊 build up welding 垫板焊 backing weld 坡口 groove

V形坡口 V groove

单面U形坡口 single U groove K形坡口 double bevel groove X形坡口 double V groove

双面U形坡口 double U groove

U-V组合坡口 combination U and V groove 根部间隙 root gap 焊接符号 symbol of weld 错边量 alignment tolerance

10.3 焊接位置 Welding Position

仰焊 overhead welding 现场焊 field weld(F.W.)封底焊 back run welding 立焊 vertical welding平焊 flat welding 工厂（车间）焊接 shop weld 定位焊 tack weld 跳焊 skip welding 节距 pitch

10.4 焊接缺陷 Defects of Welding

焊接裂纹 weld crack 根部裂纹 root crack 微裂纹 micro crack 错位 mismatch 弧坑 pit;crater 焊穿 burn through 夹渣 slag inclusion 咬边；咬肉 undercut 焊瘤 overlap 气孔 porosity, blow hole 砂眼 blister 针孔 pin hole 严重飞溅 excessive spatter 未溶合 incomplete fusion;lack of fusion 根部未焊透 incomplete penetration

10.5 其它

母材；基层金属 base metal 预热 preheating 热影响区 heat affected zone(HAZ)焊条 welding electrode(rod)焊丝 welding wire 焊药（剂）flux

第四篇：管件的各种英文缩写（模版）

管件的各种英文缩写 管道英文缩写 A Anchor 固定

ABS *Absolute 绝对的 AISI *American Iron and Steel Institute 美国钢铁学会 ANSI *American National

Standards Institute 美国国家标准学会

API *American Petroleum Institute 美国石油学会 APPROX *Approximate 大约，近似的 ASB Asbestos 石棉

ASME *American Society Of Mechanical Engineers美国机械工程师协会 ASSY *Assembly 装配，组装 ASTM *American Society Of Testing Material 美国材料实验协会

ATM *Atmosphere 大气压

AWG *American Wire Gage 美国线规 AWS *American Wel**** Society 美国焊接协会 AWWA *American Water Works Association 美国水工协会 B BB Bolted Bonnet 栓柱连接的阀盖 BB By Buyer 买方供货

B-B Beveled End-Beveled End 两端为坡口端 BC Bolt Circle 螺栓中心圆

B.C Bolted Cover(cap)螺栓连接的阀兰盖（帽）BE Beveled End(for wel****)坡口（焊接用）B.E Bell End 承口 BEP Both Ends Plain 两端平

BET Both Ends Threaded 两端带螺纹 BL Battery Limit 装置区边界 BF Blind Flange 盲板法兰 BLD Blind 盲板 BLDG *Buil**** 建筑物 BM Bill Of Material 材料表 BOP Bottom Of Pipe 管底

B-P Beveled End —Plain End 坡口端.平端 BV Butterfly valve 蝶阀

BWG * Birmingham Wire Gage 伯明翰线规 BW Butt Weld 对焊 C C Cap 管帽

C-C Center to Center 中至中 C-E Center to End 中至端面

C-F Center to Face 中至面 CH-OP Chain Operated 链条操纵的 CH.PL Checkered Plate 花纹钢管 C.I *Cast Iron 铸铁

CL *Class 英制压力等级，等级，种类 CLEAR Clearance 间隙

COD Continued on Drawing 接续图 COL *Column 柱，塔 CONC Concentric 同心的 CONN Connection 连接，接口 CONT *Continue 连续 CONT.V.Control Valve 控制阀 CPLG Coupling 管接头，连轴节 C.R.Concentric Reducer 同心异径管 C.S.*Carbon Steel 碳钢 C.S.Cold Spring 冷紧

C.S.C.Car Seal Close 在关闭状态下封住 C.S.O.Car Seal Open 在开启状态下封住 CUST Customer 客 C.V Check Valve 止回阀 D DEG *Degree 度

DF Drain funnel 排液漏斗 DIA *Diameter 直径 DIM *Dimension 尺寸 DISCH *Discharge 出口，排出 Diaphragm VELVE 隔膜阀

DMF Double Male And Female 双重凹凸 DN Norminal Diameter公称直径 DN Down 下 DR Drain 排液

DS Directional Stop 定向限为架 DWG *Drawing 图 E E *East 东

EC External Coating 外面涂防腐层 ECC Eccentric 偏心

EFW Electric Fusion Welded 电容焊的 EL(ELEV)*Elevation 标高；立面 ELL Elbow 弯头

EQIOP Equipment 设备，装置 EQUIV Equivalent 相当的

E.R.Eccentric Reducer 偏心异经管 ERW Electric Resistance Welded 电阻焊的

EW Eye Washer & Shower 洗眼器及淋浴器 EXP.JT Expansion Joint 膨胀节 F FDN Foundation 基础

FF Flat Faced Or Full Faced 全平面；满平面 F-F Face To Face 面至面 FGW Fusion Gas Wel**** 气熔焊 FIG *Figure 图 FL Floor 楼面

FLEX TUBE Flexible Tube 挠性管 FLG Flange 法兰 FLGD Flanged 法兰式的 FLGF Flanged Face 法兰面 FOB Flat On Bottom 底面平FOT Flat On Top 顶面平FP Fix Point 固定点 FS Forged Steel 锻钢

FTF Fitting To Fitting 管件直连 FTG Fitting 管件

FURND Furnished 提供的，装设的FW Field Weld 现伤焊 G G Guide 导向

GA *Gage 表，表压，规（线规）GALV *Galvanize 镀锌 GL Ground Level 地面 GLV Globe Valve 截止阀

GEAR OP Gear Operated 齿轮传动的

GMAW Gas Metal Arc Wel**** 金属极惰气体保护焊 GSKT Gasket 垫片

GTAW(Inert)Gas Tungsten Arc Wel**** 惰性气体保护钨极电弧焊 GV Gate Valve 闸阀 H H Hanger 吊架

HC Hose Connection 软管接头 H.CPLG Half Coupling 半节管接头 HDR Header 总管 HEX *Hexagon 六角形

HF Hard Alloy Face on阀内件（阀心）为 Valve Trim

硬质合金密封面 HH Hand Hole 手孔 HOR Horizontal 水平的 H.P *High Pressure 高压 HS Hose Station 软管

I ID *Inside Diameter 内径 IN *Inch 英寸 INS Insulation 隔热 INST Instrument 仪表

INV Invert(inside bottom of pipe)管子内底 IPS Iron Pipe size 铁管尺寸

ISO Isometric Drawing 周测图（空视图）I.S.B.L Inside Battery Limit 装置边界内恻

ISNS Inside screw & Non-rising Stem 内螺纹非升杆 ISRS Inside screw & Rising stem 内螺纹升

杆 J JT Joint 接头

JS Jack Screw 顶开（起）螺栓 L LC Locked Closed 在关闭状态下锁定 LEP Large end plain 大端为平的LET Large end Threaded 大端带螺纹 LG Long 长

LGF Lens Gasket Face 透镜垫连接面 L.H.THD Left Hand Thread 左螺纹 LIFT Lift Type 升降式 LJ Lap Joint 搭接

LJF Lap Joint Flange 松套法兰 LO Locked Open 在开启状态下锁定 L.P.Low Pressure 低压 LR Long Radius 长半径

LRE Long Radius Elbow 长半径弯头 LTG Large Tongue & Groove 大椎槽 M MATL Material 材料

MAX Maximum 最大

MB Machine Bolt

机器螺栓（单头）MF Male and Female 凸和凹 MFG Manufacture 制造 MF *Manufacture 制造厂 MH Manhole 人孔

MI Malleable Iron 可锻铸铁

MIN *Minimum 最小

MJ Mechanical Joint 机械接头 M.L Match Line 连续线

MSS * Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry, Inc.美国阀门和管件制造商标准化协会 MTO Material take-off 材料统计

MW Minimum Wall 最小壁厚

M.W.Mineral Wool 矿（物）棉 N N *North 北

NB Nominal Bore 公称孔径 N.B.Non-Bonnet 无阀盖 NC Normally Closed 常闭

NIP Nipple 短管 NO Normally Open;常开

*Number号； 数量

NO INS No Insulation 不隔热 NOM Nominal 公称的；额定的NOZ Nozzle 管口

NPS Nominal Pipe Size 公称管径

NPSH Net Positive Suction Head 净正吸入压头 NPT *American National Taper 美国锥管螺纹

Pipe Thread NS Nominal Size 公称直径

NV Needle Valve 针形阀 O OD *Outside Diameter 外径 OET One end Threaded 一端带螺纹 OR Outside Radius 外半径

ORF Orifice 孔板 ORIENT Orientation 方位

OS & Y Outside Screw and Yoke 外螺纹阀杆和阀轭 OSNB Outside Screw Non-Bonnet 外螺纹无阀盖 P P Plug 堵头

PAP Piping Arrangement Plan 管道布置平面图 PB Pressure Seal Bonnet 压力密封的阀盖 P-B Plain End –Bevel End 平端—坡口端 PC Pressure Seal Cap 压力密封的阀帽

P.C.D.Pitch Circle Diameter 节圆直径 PE Plain End(not beveled)平端（无坡口）PF Platform 平台

PID Piping & Instrument Diagram管道及仪表流程图

PN *Nominal Pressure 公称压力 PN Plant North 工厂北向 POS point of Support 支承点 P-P Plain End—Plain End 两端为平端 PREP Preparation 加工准备 PSIA *Pounds Per Square Inch

Absolute 磅/

PSIG Pounds Per Square Inch Gage 磅/ PT Point 点

PTFE *Polytetrafluoroethylene 聚四氟乙烯 PT.NO Part No.件号 PV Plug Valve 旋塞阀

PVC *Poly Vinyl Chloride 聚氯乙烯 Q QTY *Quantity 数量 R R *Radius 半径

RED Reducer 异径管 REF Reference 参考 REINF Reinforce 加强 REQD Required 需要；申请 REV *Revision 修改

RF Raised Face 凸面 RG Ring Gasket 环形垫片

R.H.THD Right Hand Thread 右螺旋 RJ Ring Joint 环垫接头 RO Restriction Orifice 限流孔板 RPM *Revolutions Per Minute 转/分 RPS *Revolutions Per Second 转/秒 RS Resting Support 支承架，滑动架 RTJ Ring Type Joint（见RJ）RV Relief Valve 安全泄液阀 S S *South 南

S Spring 弹簧（管架用）

SAW(Automatic)Submerged Arc Wel**** 自动埋弧焊 SB Stud Bolt 双头螺栓 SB Screwed Bonnet 螺纹阀盖 SC Sample Cooler 取样冷却器 SCH *Schedule 管壁厚系列号 SCRD Screwed 螺纹

SEP Small end Plain 小端为平的SET Small end Threaded 小端带螺纹 SF Semi-Finished 半光

SG Sight Glass 视镜

SH Surface Hard Facing 硬质密封面 SK Sketch 草图

SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Wel**** 有保护的金属电弧焊 SMLS Seamless 无缝

SN Swaged Nipple 异径短管 SO Slip – On 滑套

SOF Slip – On Flange 滑套法兰 SPEC *Specification 规定，说明 SPL Sound Pressure Lever 升压水准 SQ *Square 方的，平方 SR Shout Radius 短半径

SRE Short Radius Elbow 短半径弯头 SS *Stainless Steel 不锈钢 ST Steam Trap 蒸汽疏水阀 STD *Standard 标准

STG Small Tongue & Groove 小椎槽面 STL *Steel 钢 STM Steam 蒸汽

STM.TR Steam Tracing 蒸汽拌热

SUCT Suction 吸入口 SV Safety Valve 安全泄气阀 SW Socket Weld 承插焊 SWG Swage 锻造，模锻 SWMG Swing Type 旋启式 SYM Symmetrical 对称的 T T Tee 三通

TE Threaded End 螺纹端 TEMP *Temperature 温度 TG Tongue & Groove 椎槽 THD *Threaded 螺纹的 THK *Thickness 厚度 TL Tangent Line 切线 TN True North 真实北向 TOC Top of Concrete 混凝土北向 TOP Top of pipe 管顶 TOS Top of Support 支架顶面 Top of Steel 钢结构顶面 TYP Typical 典型的 U UB Union Bonnet 带活接头的阀盖 UC Union Cap 带活接头的阀帽 UN Union 活接头 V V Valve 阀 VAC Vacuum 真空 VAR Variable 可变的 VERT Vertical 垂直的

VOL *Volume 卷，册，容量，体积 W

W *West 西

WB Weld Branch 焊接支管 WC Weld Cap 焊接管帽

WD Width 宽度 WE Weld End 焊接端 WL Wel**** Line 焊接线

WN Wel**** Neck 对焊法兰（颈部）WNF Weld Neck Flange 对焊法兰 WP Working Pressure 工作压力 W.P.Working Point 工作点 WT Wall Thickness 壁厚 Weight 重量 X XH Extra Heavy 加强的，加厚的

XXH Double Extra Heavy 双倍加强（厚）的 XS Extra Strong 加强的

XXS Double Extra Strong 双倍加强的 Y YP Yield Point 屈服点

第五篇：企业宣传片解说词英文译件(核对)

木子企业宣传片文稿(10分钟）

Muzi Enterprise Propaganda manuscript（ten minutes）

片花（30秒）：

当今是一个飞速发展，不断变化的时代，各种新生事物层出不穷，令人眼花缭乱、目不暇接。在此进程中各种新材料起着不可或缺的基础性的推动作用。炭材料就是各种新材料中最耀眼的一颗明星。Preview（thirty seconds）：

Today is a rapid development and constant changement era, where all kinds of new things emerge in endlessly，making us dazzling.In this time, all kinds of new materials play an indispensable basic motivational role, of which the carbon material is one of the most dazzling stars.一、关于炭素（2分钟）

19世纪是钢材料的世纪，20世纪是硅材料的世纪，21世纪是炭材料的世纪。这是因为炭·石墨材料有着诸多其他材料不可替代的优良性能。在导电性、导热性方面炭材料与金属材料有相似之处，在耐热性、耐腐蚀性方面与陶瓷材料有共同性，而在质量轻、耐腐蚀和分子结构多样性方面又与有机高分子材料有相同之处。由此说明，炭·石墨材料兼具金属、陶瓷和有机高分子三种固体材料的特性,而它又有别的材料无法取代的特性。当前，炭·石墨材料材料作为新材料已广泛应用于风能、核能、太阳能等新能源领域，以及冶金、化工、机械、电子电器、信息技术、航空航天航海、军工、环保等诸多工业领域，经成为现代工业中不可缺少的结构材料和功能材料。One: About Carbon（two minutes）

The steel material was popular in the 19th century, after that in the 20th century it was replaced by the silicon material.But in the 21st century the carbon material is the main stream, because the carbon-graphite material has more irreplaceable good properties than other materials.The carbon material has similarities with metal material in electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, with ceramic material in heat resistance and corrosion resistance, and with organic polymer material in light weight, corrosion resistance and molecular structural diversity.This implies that carbon-graphite material has not only properties of metal, ceramic and organic polymer material but also irreplaceable properties other materials don’t have.At present, the carbon-graphite material as a new material has been widely used in wind energy, nuclear energy, solar energy, metallurgy, chemical industry, machinery, electronic appliance, IT, aerospace, navigation, military industry and environmental protection, becoming an indispensable structural material and functional material in the modern industry.在“十二五”国家战略性新兴产业发展规划中公布的七大产业中，炭·石墨属于新材料产业范畴，并且成为这七大产业的基础性支撑材料，炭·石墨材料的每一次性能改进和技术提升都会对这七大产业的产业升级有放大性的推动作用。美、英、日、德、法等发达国家对炭·石墨材料的基础研究及开发应用无比重视。

炭·石墨材料具有着无限广阔的发展前景。

In the seven major industries of the national strategic emerging industry development plan of the “12th Five-Year”, the carbon-graphite material belongs to the new material industrial category, and becomes the basic support material for the said seven major industries.Each property improvement and technology promotion of the carbon-graphite material will play a great driving role to the seven industries’ upgrade, so many developed countries including America, Britain, Japan, Germany, and France, pay a great attention to the basic research and industrial upgrade of carbon-graphite material.By this token, the carbon-graphite material has vast potential for future development.二、企业巡展篇（2分 30秒）

Two: Enterprise Itinerant Exhibition(two minutes and thirty seconds)

木子炭素有限责任公司坐落于内蒙古自治区的东南部乌兰察布市兴和县这片蒙晋冀三省交汇处的沃土上。起初于1996年，公司的雏形是在北京延庆建立的河兴炭素厂，2000年收购原兴和县电池厂成立了兴和县木子炭素厂，2006年改制为有限责任公司，注册资金3000万元。

Muzi Carbon Co., Ltd.as a dazzling star in China’s carbon industry is located in Xinghe County, Ulanqab City, Southeast of Inner Mongolia in China, the intersection of Inner Mongolia, Shanxi Province and Hebei Province.At first, in 1996, company is the former Hexing Carbon Factory established in Yanqing County, Beijing.In 2000, it took over the original Xinghe County Battery Factory and established Xinghe County Muzi Carbon Factory.In 2006, the company was restructured to a limited liability company and the registered capital increased to 30 millions Yuan.李春平董事长思维敏捷、办事果敢，对行业发展、市场方向有极强的洞察力、判断力。在他的带领下，木子炭素公司从一个人员不足50人、总资产不足100万的作坊式的小企业，以中国炭素行业少有的速度，迅速发展壮大起来。

Chairman Li Chunping thinks quickly, and acts boldly and efficiently.He has very strong perception and judgment to the industry development and market orientation.With his leading, Muzi Carbon Company was developed from a small workshop business with less than 50 employees and the total asset of less than 1 million to a rapidly developing enterprise at a rarely developing speed in the carbon industry.公司现有两套完整的炭素石墨制品生产线，公司按照决策、执行、监督三位一体的现代公司治理结构运营，决策委员会为决策机构，检审委员会为监督机构；执行机构由总经理负责：公司下设的四个生产公司、四个国际贸易公司、一个研究所、一个技术中心和一个员工培训中心及其他十八个职能部门。

The company now has two complete set of production lines for carbon graphite products.The company is governed in accordance with trinity modern company management structure including the decision-making, execution and supervision.Decision-making committee is the decision-making institution, inspection and examination committee is the supervision institution and the execution institution was in the charge of the general manager.There are four production companies, four international trade companies, a research institute, a technology center, a staff training center and other 18 functional departments in the company.截止2011年底企业员工总人数为508名，总资产4.2亿元，实现工业总产值2.6亿元，销售收入2.1亿元，出口创汇570万美元，完成利税520万元，各类石墨产品总产量2万吨。

By the end of 2011, the total number of staff reached to 508 and the total asset is 420 millions Yuan.The gross industrial output value achieved by the company was 260 millions Yuan, sales income was 210 millions Yuan, the export earning was 5.7 million dollars, tax to complete was 5.2 million Yuan, and the total output of various graphite products was 20 thousands tons.公司现为国家级高新技术企业、自治区级民营科技企业，中国炭素行业协会理事单位、中国电碳工业协会会员，中国电石工业协会会员、中国铸造协会会员、中国电器工业协会会员。公司作为一家炭·石墨材料的专业生产厂家，一直专心致力于炭·石墨产品的生产研发，努力与世界高端炭素接轨。

Now the company is a national high-tech enterprise, a private science and technology enterprise with the autonomous region level, a council member of the China Carbon Industry Association, a member of the China Electrical Carbon Industry Association, a member of the China Calcium Carbide Industry Association, a member of the China Foundry Association and a member of the China Electrical Equipment Industry Association.As a company specialized in producing carbon-graphite material, it has been devoted to the production, research and development of the carbon-graphite products, and has made efforts to be abreast with the leading high-end carbon products in the world.公司坚持“以人为本、诚信经营”的理念，强化对员工的技术培训，不断提高全体员工的综合素质，增强企业内功，奠定公司稳定、持续、健康发展基础。

The company adheres to the concept of “people-oriented, integrity management”, strengthens the technical training to the stuff, continuously improves the comprehensive quality of the staffs and enhances the internal work of the enterprise, laying a solid foundation for the healthy, sustainable and stable development of the company.三、企业竞争优势篇（4分钟35秒）

Three: Enterprise Competitive Advantage(four minutes thirty-five seconds)

木子炭素有限责任公司面向未来，以市场为导向，以细颗粒石墨、细结构石墨、精加工石墨及其炭基复合产品为主导，既顺应全球市场需求，又符合国家产业发展的方向。

Focusing on future and market, the main products of Muzi Carbon Company cover the fine grain graphite, fine structure graphite, fine finishing graphite and carbon-based composite product, which do not only conform to the demand of global market but also meet with the industrial development direction of the country.炭素行业中，炭·石墨产品总量的16-18%为特种石墨产品，包括等静压石墨、高强高密高纯高模量石墨、碳基复合材料（以炭·石墨材料为基体与陶瓷材料、金属材料、有机高分子材料复合而成）。用途上分为：核反应堆用石墨、生物工程材料用炭材料、高温润滑剂、活性炭、化工用炭/石墨耐腐蚀材料、机械用炭石墨材料、机电行业用炭石墨材料等，此类产品涉足的行业、领域极为广阔，而且新用途被不断地开发，发展前景相当广阔，是炭·石墨产品中极具活力的产品。据统计，国内生产此类型产品的企业不超过15家。

In the carbon industry, 16 to 18 percent of the total amounts of carbon-graphite product are the special graphite products, including isostatic graphite, high strength、high density、high purity、high molding graphite and carbon-based composite material(based on the carbon-graphite material, combined with ceramic material, metal material and organic high polymer material).By purpose, they can be divided into graphite for nuclear reactor, carbon material for biological engineering material, carbon-graphite corrosion resistance material for high temperature lubricant, activate carbon and chemical industry, carbon-graphite material for machinery, carbon-graphite material for mechanical and electrical industry, etc.This kind of product sets foot in a very broad industrial field, and its new use is constantly being developed.The development prospect is quite broad.It’s a vibrant product among the carbon-graphite products.According to statistics, the domestic enterprises that produce this kind of product are less than 15.炭·石墨产品总量的2-4%为尖端炭素产品，此类产品绝大部分还处于研究开发阶段，但发展前景极为广阔。公司一直在对此类产品的国内外科研技术进展进行跟踪，五年以后有望涉足此类产品。2 to 4 percent of the total amounts of carbon-graphite products are the high-end carbon products.Most of them are still in the research and development stage, but they have a broad prospect of development.The company has been tracking the scientific research and technology progress of this kind of product at home and abroad, and expects to set foot in this kind of product in 5 years.木子炭素有限责任公司从一开始就避开了竞争激烈，利润率低，市场饱和的传统炭素产品，而选择了新型炭素这一类非常有发展前景的产品，正是因为公司产品的正确定位，奠定了企业无可比拟的竞争优势。

From the beginning, Muzi Carbon Company chose the new type of carbon with vast potential for future development rather than the traditional carbon products in fierce competition, low profit and saturated market.Because of the correct product orientation by the company, it has laid the foundation for the incomparable competitive advantage of the enterprise.产品质量是品牌价值的基石：

公司已有17年的炭素生产历史，拥有20年以上炭素工作经验的30多位核心工程技术人员，分布在研发中心、设计部、中心化验室、质量管理部等部门，产品质量管理按ISO9001-2008的标准严格执行。

公司是全国唯一一家利用自产毛坯进行石墨精深加工的企业，产品优良的使用性能、优质的售前售中售后服务得以保障。

木子炭素蜚声海内外。

Product quality is the cornerstone of the brand value:

Muzi Carbon Company has 17-year carbon production history and more than 30 core engineering and technical experts with over 20-year carbon working experience, who are in the research and development center, design department, central lab, quality management department, etc.The production quality management is under strict control according to ISO9001-2008 standard.The company is the only enterprise that uses self-produced blank to do the fine-finishing machining of the graphite at home.Excellent product performance, quality pre-sales, sales and after-sales services can be ensured.Muzi Carbon was renowned at home and abroad.在这里，简单地介绍一下炭石墨产品的成型方法，（分别给出挤压成型石墨、模压成型石墨、振动成型石墨、等静压石墨的简单工艺流程3D演绎图）

In here, the molding method of carbon graphite product will be introduced briefly

(to

give

simple

technological

process three-dimensional deductive diagram of extrusion forming graphite, molding graphite, vibration molding graphite and isostatic pressing formed graphite respectively).品牌战略是营销制胜的核心：公司注册了“木子”牌商标；公司的现有客户已发展到400多家，涉及的细分领域有60多个，出口贸易涉及60多个国家和地区。公司市场开拓工作在中国炭素行业排名第一。国内电石行业用的开炉工具石墨电极的市场占有率为85%以上，出口美国的石墨·晶蜡复合阳极的市场占有率为90%以上。Brand marketing strategy is the core of marketing winning: the company registered the “Muzi” trademark;the company's existing customers are more than 400, the involved subdivision fields are over 60, export trade involves more than 60 countries and regions.The company's market development is at the first place in carbon industry of China.It takes up more than 85 percent in the market of blow-in tool graphite electrode used by domestic calcium carbide industry, and over 90 percent of the market share of graphite • crystalline wax composite anode exported to the United States.技术创新是企业发展的助推力 ：公司生产的细结构石墨系列产品获得科技部、环境保护部、商务部、质量监督检验检疫总局四部局联合评定为国家重点新产品，细颗粒石墨阳极产品获得一项国家发明专利（专利号：ZL2007 1 0090789.4）和一项外观设计专利（专利号：ZL2007 3 0009605.8），石墨·晶蜡复合阳极属国内独有产品、正在申请国家专利；公司与中科院山西煤化研究所、湖南大学炭素系、中南大学材料系、中钢吉炭研究所、哈尔滨电碳研究所等机构及国内外炭素专家均保持着密切联系与长期合作关系，公司开发的专有技术有20多项，每年研发投入的资金数量都占销售收入的6%以上，公司每一年都会有3-5个新产品投放市场。

Technological innovation is the drive-force of the enterprise development: a series of products of fine structure graphite produced by Muzi Carbon Company are recognized as national key new products by Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Commerce and General Administration for Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine.Fine grain graphite anode products won a national invention patent(patent number: ZL2007 1 0090789.4)and a patent of appearance design(patent number: ZL2007 3 0009605.8).Graphite · crystalline wax composite anode is the domestic unique product, which is being applied for the national patent.The company kept close contact and long-term cooperation relationship with carbon experts at home and abroad and institutions such as Shanxi Coal Chemistry Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Carbon Department of Hunan University, the Material Department of Central South University, Jilin Carbon Institute of the Sino-steel Corporation, and Harbin Electrical Carbon Institute.The company has more than 20 proprietary technologies.The amount of funds annually for research and development accounts for more than 6 percent of sales revenue.Each year there will be three to five new products to be launched to market.四、企业规划蓝图篇（1分43秒）

Four: Enterprise Blueprint(one minute forty-three seconds)

公司的发展战略规划是将公司总部、研发中心及深加工基地设在北京延庆，在内蒙古呼和浩特建立投融资服务中心，天津作为国际贸易窗口，内蒙古兴和县作为生产制造基地。The development strategy of Muzi Carbon Company is to establish the company headquarters, research and development center, and further processing base in Yanqing, Beijing, to setup investment and financing service center in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, to construct manufacturing base in Xinghe County, Inner Mongolia, and to install an office in Tianjin as an international trade window.公司于2011年在北京延庆新征18亩非生产性用地，拟建设公司总部、研发中心，在内蒙古兴和兴旺角工业园新征生产性建设用地356亩，拟总投资10亿元兴建各项同性等静压石墨、大规格细颗粒振动成型石墨两条生产线，加上原有的挤压成型石墨和模压成型石墨两条生产线，利用四种成型方式制造种类齐全的炭·石墨材料，并对各类炭·石墨材料进行精深加工和复合处理，延长产业链，提高产品的使用性能和附加值。

公司在北京延庆已建立北京木子天龙炭素国际贸易公司，在天津河北区已建立天津木子炭素国际贸易公司，在呼和浩特已建立内蒙古木子炭素国际贸易公司。

公司年产5000吨等静压石墨技改新项目已于2011年5月8日在内蒙古乌兰察布市兴和兴旺角工业园正式开工建设，项目全部投产后，公司将成为国内产品品种最全、产品品质最优、产业链最长、最具发展前景和竞争优势的一家新型炭素高科技企业。

In 2011, the company had newly gained 18 mu of nonproductive land in Yanqing, Beijing, for the company’s headquarters, research and development center;356 mu of productive construction land in the Xingwangjiao Industrial Park of Xinghe County, Inner Mongolia.The company will invest one billion Yuan to construct two production lines for isotropic isostatic pressing formed graphite and large size fine particle vibration molding graphite.The company will unite the said two new lines and the original two production lines for extrusion forming graphite and molding graphite, by four forming method, to produce full range of carbon-graphite material and conduct the further processing and composite processing to each kind of carbon-graphite material, extending the industrial chain and improving product performance and additional value.Muzi Carbon Company established Beijing Muzi Tianlong Carbon International Trade Company in Yanqing, Beijing;Tianjin Muzi Carbon International Trade Company in Hebei District, Tianjin;and Inner Mongolia Muzi Carbon International Trade Company in Hohhot.A new technical innovation project with the annual output of five thousands tons for isostatic pressing formed graphite has been formally under construction on May 8th, 2011 in the Xingwangjiao Industrial Park of Xinghe County, Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia.After all being put into production, Muzi Carbon Company will become a new carbon high-tech enterprise at home with the most complete product variety and excellent product quality, the longest industrial chain, the best development