第一篇：Unit 1a Work roles
Unit 1a Work roles Position: Responsibilities: Duties: 1.extract: 拔出，取出，选取，摘（选）录 have a tooth extracted 拔牙
extract … from…习惯用语，从…中提取，抽出
2.management consultancy 管理专家，管理顾问 3.workset 定工制，岗位责任制 4.duty 责任，义务，本分，税 关税
responsibility 责任感 履行能力，财务等方面的可靠性，可信耐性，偿付能力
区别？？？？
5.in response to 响应 适应
peacefully resistant in response to injustice.对不公正采取和平抵制。
In response to an unforeseen need.对无法预料的需要的回应。6.specify 规定，指定，详细说明
The regulations specify that you may use a dictionary in the examination.规则规定考试时可以使用字典。
习惯用语：NOT-FIED 未说明技术条件的，未标明的AS-FIED 按照说明的
Unless otherwise-fied 除非另有规定的Specify by 用…说明表示
7.nature Mother Nature 大自然 in the nature of 具有…的性质，好像是，类似 ease nature: 小，大便 pay a call of nature 解手委婉说法 8.short-term 短期的
9.static 静态的 固定的 变化小的
10.dynamic 动力的，有生气的，精力充沛的，（工作）效率高的 dynamic balance 动力平衡
a man of dynamic personalities 性格活跃的人 11.brief 简单的 短暂的，说明或介绍 A cold and brief welcome 冷淡而简短的欢迎 Make a brief visit 作短暂的访问 In brief 简言之
Brief and to the point 简明扼要 12.interpret 解释 说明 13.framework 体制 计划
the framework of modern government 现代政府的体制 14.approach 向…靠近探讨，处理，企图贿赂，向…提议 approach one’s home 快到家
approach a problem from different angles approach sb.with a suggestion 向某人提出建议
few writers can ever approach Shakespeare in greatness.很少有作家比得上莎士比亚伟大。
15.keep abreast of 保持与…并列
keeping abreast of the latest developments 及时了解最新动态
we must keep abreast of(with)the times，that is the purpose of our reform.我们必须与时俱进。
16.jointly 共同地，联合地，连带地
They took care of that problem jointly.他们共同处理了那个问题。
They are jointly liable for damages.他们对损害赔偿金共同负责。
To sign(a document)jointly 共同签署（一个文件）16.assess 评估
assess sb.’s efforts 评估某人的工作
The annual income of school teachers in this place was assessed at $900.这地方的学校老师的收入为每年900美金。
17.align 排成直线，使结盟，匹配，找平，调整 The troops aligned.士兵们列队了。
Align with 与…结盟
Could you align this table with others? 你能把这张桌子同那些桌子排成一排吗？ We must align ourselves with the workers.我们必须与工人站在一起。
1.core 果实的核，核心，中心部分，事物的本质 2.carry out 完成，实现，贯彻，执行 Carry out a contract 履行合同
3.prescribe 指示，规定，处方，嘱咐，建议
the law prescribes what should be done.法律规定什么是该做的。
What punishment dose the law prescribe for corruption? 法律规定对贪污行贿处以什么处罚？
4.engineering n.工程，工程学，设计，技术设备，操纵，管理，engineering college 工学院
engineering instructions 技术说明书
the engineering of the new railway 新铁路的设计 5.machining n.机械加工，制造，操作，处理
6.as long as 只要，在…的时候
How the work is done does not matter too much as long as the goal is achieved.7.initiate 开始 创始 发动，启蒙，正式介绍，引进，传授某人知识 initiate pupils into the principles of grammar 把初步语法规则教给学生。Initiate procedures to reduce costs by 15% 习惯用语：
Be initiated into 正式加入
Initiate sb.into sth.准许（介绍）某人加入某团体，把某事教给（传授）某人 8.vary 改变，修改，使多样化，使变化，变奏，使变调 vary one’s teaching method 改变教学方法 vary one’s life 使生活丰富多彩习惯用语：
Vary from..to..从..到…之间变化 Vary with 随..而变化 9.occupancy
during the occupancy of his post 当他在职期间 at times of peak occupancy 酒店的高峰期 10.incident 偶发小事 习惯用语：
without incident平安无事 be incident to 易于发生
11.undertaking 任务，事业，企业，计划，企图，承办，承包，担保，保证，许诺 Welfare undertakings 生活福利事业 12.presence 出席，列席，相貌，怪物，your presence if requested.敬请光临 a man of no presence 其貌不扬的人习惯用语：
In the presence of 面临着..Lose one’s presence of mind 心慌意乱 Saving your presence 恕我冒昧
Unit 1a work roles-3
1.hierarchy 僧侣统治集团 统治集团 等级制度 特权阶级 动植物学的分类 体系 a sense of hierarchy 等级观念
the government is a hierarchy 政府是个官阶分明的统治集团。
Span of control and hierarchy of management 管理幅度与层次 2.come to terms 达成协议，妥协，让步
come to terms with her handicap 安于她自己的困难处境
3.objective 客观的 真实的，作品如实的，人无偏见的，目标的，宾语的，objective reality 客观现实
an objective description 客观如实的描绘
Were there objective difficulties? 客观上有无困难呢。
4.superior 高级的，上级的，较多的，上等的，优良的，高人一等的，傲慢的，在地球轨道以外的，长者，高手，上级，领导，修道院院长 a superior court 上级法院
be superior in numbers 数量上占优势 with a superior air 态度傲慢的 be superior to temptation 不受引诱 be superior to hardships 不屈服于艰难困苦 a superior figure 上角数码习惯用语 ：
Be superior to 胜过，比..好，不为…所动（屈服）
5.that is not the case.不是那么回事。
Is that the case? 是这么回事吗？ That is the case.事实就是那样。
At any rate that is believed to be the case.不管怎么样，大家相信情况就是这样。
6.conservative 保守的 稳健的，谨慎的，7.clocking in and out 上下班
the workers in this factory clock out at 5: 00.这个工厂的工人5点下班。
The shop clocked in and out(or: on and off)at precisely the same time as the workers did.该店开门关门和工人上下班的时间刚好一致。8.jetting out and jetting in He accidentally jet out that he hadn’t been home for three weeks.他偶然泄露出他有三个星期没有在家了。
The water jetted out.水喷了出去。
9.on call 随时待命的
the nurse is on call tonight.这位护士今天晚上值班。10.glamorous 迷人的，富有魅力的 a glamorous girl 有魅力的女孩 11.temp 临时雇员
12.subsidiary 辅助的，附加的，补充的，补助金 Subsidiary business 业余工作，副业 A subsidiary company 子公司 Subsidiary troops 雇佣军 Subsidiary payments 补助金
1.Present simple and present continuous forms I enjoy my new job a lot more.I produce technical documents, you know, user’s manuals and that sort of thing-nothing creative, I am afraid.Unfortunately, it’s a very conservative company so everyone’s till clocking in and out at the same time.I am an IT consultant and I’m working for a small leisure group on a one-year contract.So I am traveling aroung Europe a lot.I am a temp and I am working as a PA for a law firm in London just now.2.workshop 工厂，车间，专题学术讨论会，讨论会会议录，专题研究小组，学部，工艺 3.assessment 评估，评估的款额（税额），看法
What is you assessment of the situation? 你对时局的看法如何？
The workshop began with an assessment of how the Ekstrom team leaders understood their roles.4.perception 感觉，知觉，感受，体会，知觉作用，知觉过程，感性认识，理解力，直觉，Perceptions ranged from assigning and checking other people’s work to motivating others to do the work.The objective of perception.知觉的对象。
Something existing in perception only.只不过是存在感觉中的东西。
5.disparity n.不同，不等，不相称，不一致 Disparity in position 地位悬殊
Disparity between mental labor and manual labour 脑力劳动与体力劳动间的差别 Disparity in age 年龄的不同
This disparity clearly showed that the team leaders had different understandings of their roles and that Ekstrom therefore needed to communicate its expectations more explicitly.6.communicate vt.传达，传送（消息，感情等），传染（疾病），交换意见 Communicate a disease 传染疾病 Communicate a secret 告知秘密
Generally speaking, teachers are able to communicate their ideas dearly.一般来说教师能把自己的意思表达清楚。
To communicate with a person 与人联络
The Minister for Foreign Affairs has already communicated on this event with the American President.外交部长已经跟美国总统就此事件交换过意见了。7.explicitly 明白地，明确地
8.Expectation n.期待，预期，希望，前景，According to expectation 如所预料 Against expectation 出乎预料
Beyond(one’s)expectation 出乎意料（之外），较预期的更大（好）In expectation of 期望（待）9..appropriate 适合的，适当的 Appropriate sample 适当的例子习惯用语：
Appropriate for 拨出（款项，房屋等）供…之用 Appropriate to 适于，合乎 Appropriate for 适于，合乎
10.compatible 适合的，符合的，能共存的，相容的，与..不矛盾的，一致的（with）,兼容的
Compatible color TV system 兼容制彩色电视机
Driving a car at speed compatible with safety 以兼顾安全的速度驾驶车 Health and hard work are compatible.健康与努力工作是一致的。
11.Manner n.方法，方式，样子，态度，举止pl.礼貌规矩，pl。风俗，生活习惯，种类 Advance in a wave-like manner 波浪式的前进 Good manners / bad manners 有礼貌/没礼貌
The manner of presentation is highly important.介绍的方式很重要。
12.whilst 当..时候，有时，时时
Whilst the appropriate skills can be developed through in-company training.13.behavioral 行为的，关于行为的，行为科学的 14.attribute 把..归因于（to）..习惯用语：Attribute to
Delays attributed to snow 因下雪而耽误
David attributed his company’s success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work..15.screen vt.(+from)遮挡，掩蔽，（+off）防护，掩护, 甄别，鉴别，选拔，放映（电影）拍电影 16.facsimile 无线电传真 传真电报 复制 A facsimile edition 复制版 In facsimile 逼真，一模一样
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