口笔译分类词汇大全(上)!!社会,经贸,政治,环境,金融,文化,宗教,科技,体育,谚语。。。【

第一篇：口笔译分类词汇大全(上)!!社会,经贸,政治,环境,金融,文化,宗教,科技,体育,谚语。。。【

口译笔译分类词汇（01）--社会发展词汇

211工程 211 Project 安居工程 housing project for low-income families 安居小区 a neighborhood for low-income families 保障妇女就业权利to guarantee women’s right to employment

补发拖欠的离退休人员统筹项目内的养老金 All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan.裁定保险赔偿 adjudication of benefits 城镇居民最低生活保障 guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents 在城镇强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险 Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in urban areas.城镇社会保障体系the social security system in urban areas 城镇职工基本医疗保险制度the basic medical insurance system for urban employees 创新精神 be innovation-minded;to have a creative mind 促进学生德、智、体、美全面发展 ensure that students improve in terms of their moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in their appreciation of aesthetics 大家庭 extended family 大力推行个人助学信贷 Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted.大专文凭 associate degree(conferred to junior college students)代培 training-on-contract program 代培生 trainee on contract 带薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits 待业人员 job seekers 待遇优厚的工作 a well-paid job 单亲家庭 single parent family 定向培训 training for specific posts 独生子女 the only child 对保障方案进行精算评估 Security programs should undergo actuarial review.对口扶贫 provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions 恶性犯罪 major crimes 反对迷信 be against superstition 福利分房 buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one works with 复式住宅 compound apartment 干部年轻化 rejuvenation of cadres 岗位培训 on-job training 高度重视精神文明建设 pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress 搞好优生优育 promote good prenatal and postnatal care 个人自愿计划 voluntary private plans 工伤保险制度the on-job injury insurance system 工资收入分配制度the wage and income distribution system 关系国计民生的大事 matters vital to national well-being and the people’s livelihood

关心和支持残疾人事业 Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our

care and support.关心老龄人 care for senior citizens.贵族学校 exclusive school（美）;select school（英）

国企下岗职工基本生活保障 guarantee of basic cost of living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises 过紧日子 tighten one’s belt

过温饱生活 live a life at a subsistent level 合理调整就业结构to rationally readjust the employment structure 后勤服务社会化 make logistic services independent in their operation 积极发展民办教育 Efforts should be made to develop schools not operated by government education departments.基本养老金basic pensions 计划生育责任制 responsibility system of family planning 继续开展―扫黄打非‖斗争 The fight against pornography, illegal publications and piracy shall be continued.加快住房分配货币化进程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation 加强计划生育工作 further improve family planning 加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 家庭美德 family virtues 坚持―两手抓、两手都要硬‖的方针 adhere to the principle of ―doing two jobs at once and attaching equal importance to each‖

确保国有企业下岗职工基本生活费和离退休人员基本养老金按时足额发放to ensure that subsistence allowances for laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and basic pensions for retirees are paid on time and in full 人口出生率 birth rate 人口老龄化 aging of population 人口增长的高峰期 baby boom 人口增长与社会经济发展相协调 try to keep population growth in line with social and economic development 人民生活水平quality of life;the living standards 认真贯彻实施中国妇女、儿童发展纲要 The programs for the development of work concerning women and children should be earnestly implemented.弱势群体disadvantaged groups 扫除青壮年文盲 eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people 伤残保险 disability insurance 社会保障 social security 社会保障―三条保障线‖制度 social security system of ―three guarantees‖ 社会福利制度the social welfare system 社会公德 social morality 社会互助制度the social mutual help system 社会治安状况好转 see an improved law-and-order situation 深入扎实地开展群众性精神文明创建活动 Extensive public participation activities are launched to promote cultural and ethical progress.生活待遇 material amenities 生活费收入 income available for cost of living 生活费用 cost of living;income maintenance;subsistence cost 生育保险制度the childbirth insurance system 失学儿童 dropouts 失业保险 guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits 失业保险 unemployment insurance 失业保险制度the unemployment insurance system 失业率 rate of unemployment 实施积极促进就业的政策to implement the policy of vigorously increasing employment 实现基本普及九年义务教育 The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained.实现小康目标 attain the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life 实行弹性大、灵活性强、多样化的就业形式to adopt elastic, flexible, diversified forms of employment 实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质 promote family planning and control the population size and improve the health of the people 实行劳动合同制度to institute a labor contract system 树立正确的价值观、世界观、人生观 help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 思想道德建设（思想政治工作）moral education among people 提高部分优抚对象抚恤标准 Allowances for certain disabled service men and women and

family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased.提高劳动者素质to enhance workers’ quality

统筹兼顾城乡就业to make overall plans for urban and rural system 推动就业服务向社区延伸，形成多层次的就业服务网络to encourage the formation of community-run agencies as a part of the multi-level employment service network 推进素质教育 push ahead with education for all-around development 推行职业资格证书制度to introduce a vocational qualification credentials system 退休基金 pension fund 脱贫 lift off poverty;cast off poverty 完善和落实再就业优惠政策to improve and implement preferential reemployment 完善失业保险制度to improve the unemployment insurance system 文明城市 model city;culturally advanced city;city cited for high moral and cultural standards 物业管理 estate management, property management 消费价格总水平the general price level 小家庭 nuclear family 小康生活 enjoy a fairly comfortable life;be moderately better off 新生儿死亡率 infant mortality rate;neonatal mortality rate 行行出状元 Every profession produces its own leading authority.研究生毕业证/学位证 graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma 养老保险 retirement insurance 养老保险制度the old-age insurance system 医疗保险 medical insurance 医疗保险制度the medical insurance system 应试教育 examination-oriented education system 优抚安置制度the special care and placement system 优化就业结构to optimize employment structure 有公德心 be civic-minded 舆论导向 direction of public opinion 舆论监督 supervision by public opinion 预期寿命 life expectancy 灾害救助制度the natural disaster relief system 在职博士生 on-job doctorate 招生就业指导 enrolment and vocation guidance 争取实现高等教育大众化 work to make regular higher education accessible to the majority of young people 政府主导计划 government-sponsored programs 职业道德 ethics of profession 中华人民共和国劳动法the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China 中专生 secondary specialized or technical school student 重视发展具有比较优势和市场潜力的劳动密集型企业to stress the development of labor-intensive enterprises with comparative advantages and market potential 抓好农村和流动人口计划生育管理与服务 devote efforts to the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population 自然增长率 natural growth rate

自学成才 self-taught and self-made person;become a qualified professional through self-taught way 最低生活保障制度the minimum living standard security system

口译笔译分类词汇（02）--外经贸类词汇

澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement 摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响shake off the impact of the financial crisis 帮助人才脱颖而出help excellent talents find way to distinction 备件spare parts 部长级会议ministerial meeting 采取积极财政政策 proactive fiscal policy 出口创汇型/外向型产业export-oriented industry 垂直兼并vertical merger 倒爷profiteer 抵免offset 东盟自由贸易区AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area 东南亚国家联盟ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations 对外项目承包foreign project contracting 反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against …… 防伪标志anti-fake label 放松银根ease monetary policy 非配额产品quota-free products 非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects 风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment 风险基金venture capital 风险准备金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk 岗位培训on-the-job training 港元的联系汇率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar 搞活国有大中型企业revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises 工程项目engineering project 工业增加值industrial added value 公正合理equitable and rational 固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets 广开就业门路increase employment opportunities;create jobs in every possible way;open up more channels of employment 规模经济scale economy/ economies of scale 国合企业（即国有合作社）state-owned cooperatives 国际清算international settlement 国际收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment 国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment 国家补贴public subsidies 国家鼓励项目projects listed as encouraged by the state

国家科技创新体系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System 国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves 合理引导消费guide rational consumption 横向兼并horizontal merger 坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan 货币市场money market 机构臃肿overstaffing in(government)organizations

机构重叠organizational overlapping 技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and echnological developmentwith industrial and trade development 季节性调价seasonal price adjustments 既成事实established/accomplished facts 减免债务reduce and cancel debts 建材 building materials 进口环节税import linkage tax 经常项目current account 经常性的财政收入regular revenues 竟价投标competitive bidding 就业前培训pre-job training 控股公司holding company 垃圾融资junk financing 劳动密集性企业labor-intensive enterprises 劳务合作 labor service cooperation 累计实现顺差143.4美元 accumulatively realizing trade surplus 利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 流动人口floating population 龙头产品lagship product 乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises 慢性萧条chronic depression 农业技术合作ATC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation 盘活存量资产revitalize stock assets 配件 accessories 皮包公司flying-by-night company;bogus company平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity andmutual development 瓶颈制约 ―bottleneck‖restrictions

抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities 清理、修订screen and modify 求同存异 overcome differences and seek common ground 商住和公益设施建设 commercial, residential and public utility construction 申报制度reporting system;income declaration system 实行股份制enforce stockholding system 实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts 市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA： Administrative Aspects of Market Access 适销对路的产品readily marketable products 双重轨制 two-tier system / double-track system 水利 water conservation 所有制形式forms of ownership 贪图安逸crave comfort and pleasure 通货紧缩deflation 通货膨胀inflation 同步增长increase in the same pace 外援方式modality of foreign aid 无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator 无纸交易paperless transaction 现代企业制度modern corporate system 消费膨胀inflated consumption 协议投标negotiated bidding 信息化informationize 形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 亚欧会议ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting 亚太法定计量论坛APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum 亚太工商咨询理事会ABAC： APEC Business Advisory Council 亚太计量程序APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program 亚太经合组织部长级会AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting 亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM： APEC Economic Leaders Meeting 亚太经济合作组织APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太能源研究中心APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center 亚太商业论坛ABF：APEC Business Forum 亚太商业网络APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network 亚太实验室认可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation 亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System 亚太信息基础设施APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure 亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises 亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank 以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis 营业税turnover tax

在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership 债转股debt-to-equity swap 中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C.on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan 中介服务组织intermediary service organization 注入新的生机与活力 bring new vigor and vitality into 转化经营机制change the method of operation 资本项目capital account 自1999年1月1日起实行come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999 自由浮动汇率free floating exchange rate;variable exchange rate 自主经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses 走上良性发展的轨道 going on the track of sound progress shipping service company 船务公司 generic products非商标(非专利)产品 prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策 deficit spending 超前消费 run on banks(到银行)挤兑

domestic support to agriculture 对农业的国内支持 special bonds特种债券

economy of abundance富裕经济 Animal-based protein动物源性蛋白

dual purpose exports 军民两用品出口

dual-use goods and technology 军民两用产品和技术 NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区 global quota全球配额

grandfather clause祖父条款

Animal-derived food 动物源食品 EVSL(Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部门提前自愿自由化

TILF(Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易和投资自由化和便利化常见缩略：

C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价 T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇

D/P(document against payment)付款交单 D/A(document against acceptance)承兑交单 C.O(certificate of origin)一般原产地证 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元

DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打

PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等 WT(weight)重量

G.W.(gross weight)毛重 N.W.(net weight)净重

(customs declaration)报关单 EA(each)每个，各 W(with)具有 w/o(without)没有 FAC(facsimile)传真 IMP(import)进口 EXP（export）出口

MAX(maximum)最大的、最大限度的 MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度 M 或MED(medium)中等，中级的 M/V（merchant vessel）商船 S.S(steamship)船运

MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨 DOC(document)文件、单据 INT（international）国际的

P/L(packing list)装箱单、明细表 INV(invoice)发票

PCT(percent)百分比

REF（reference）参考、查价 EMS（express mail special）特快传递 STL.(style)式样、款式、类型 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传 RMB（renminbi）人民币 S/M（shipping marks）装船标记 PR或PRC(price)价格

PUR(purchase)购买、购货

S/C（sales contract）销售确认书 L/C（letter of credit）信用证 B/L（bill of lading）提单 FOB（free on board）离岸价

CIF（cost,insurance&freight）成本、保险加运费价 GMO(genetically modified organism)转基因组织 CAGA(compound annual growth average)年复合增长率

口译笔译分类词汇（03）--改革开放词汇

保险业 The insurance industry 保证重点支出 Ensure funding for priority areas 被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business

补发拖欠的养老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears 不良贷款 Non—performing loan 层层转包和违法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 产值 output value 城乡信用社 Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas 城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents 城镇职工医疗保险制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers 抽样调查 data from the sample survey 出口信贷 Export credit 初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量 Loan quality 贷款质量五级分类办法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry 第一产业 primary industry 独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 发电量 electric energy production 发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 发展过快 excessive growth 防范和化解金融风险 Take precautions against and reduce financial risks 防洪工程 Flood-prevention project 非法外汇交易 Illegal foreign exchange transaction 非公有成分 non-public sectors 非贸易收汇 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels 非银行金融机构 Non-bank financial institutions 费改税 Transform administrative fees into taxes 分配形式 forms of distribution 风险资金 risk funds 副业 sideline production 改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。Reform is “the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system.” 改革重点转移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 改善经济环境 improve economic environment 搞活企业 invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate enterprises 各尽所能，按劳/需分配。from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.跟踪审计 Follow-up auditing 工程监理制度 The monitoring system for projects 公有制 public ownership 鼓励 give incentive to 管理不善 poor management 国际收支 international balance of payments 国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product)国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people;it is the leading force in the national economy.国有资产安全 The safety of state-owned assets 过度开垦 Excess reclamation 合同管理制度 The contract system for governing projects 合资企业 joint venture 合作企业 cooperative enterprise 和平演变 peaceful evolution 宏观控制 exercise macro-control 机电产品 Electromechanical products 积极的财政政策 Pro-active fiscal policy 基本生活费 Basic allowances 基石 cornerstone 计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 结售汇制度 The system of exchange settlement and sales 解除劳动关系 Sever labor relations

流通制度 circulation system 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 农业 farming 骗汇、逃汇、套汇 Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 取消国家对农产品的统购统销 to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 全体会议 plenary session 人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP 人均收入 per capita income 融资渠道 Financing channels 善于接受的 receptive 商品经济 commodity economy 商业信贷原则 The principles for commercial credit 社会保险机构 Social security institution 社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership 社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive forces 生产资料 means of production 生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence 剩余劳动力。surplus labor 失业保险金 Unemployment insurance benefits 实际增长率 actual growth rate 实事求是 seek truth from facts 实在的 tangible 使负担 be saddled with 试一下 have a go(at sth.)输入活力 bring vigor into 私有制 private ownership 随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 Tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal pay taxes 投入 input 外汇收支 Foreign exchange revenue and spending

外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。The criterion for our judgment is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.畜牧业 animal husbandry 要人们警惕右和“左”的影响，特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the “Left” deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted “Left” influence.一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points 以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放 the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principlesand persisting in reform and opening.引进、输入 importation 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 营业发达的公司 going concerns 优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 有色金属 nonferrous metals 有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation 渔业 fishing 增额、增值、增长 increment 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order 中国要警惕右，但更要防“左”。China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the “Left” deviation.逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.主要成分 dominant sector 资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.总工资 total wages

口译笔译分类词汇（04）--政治政府词汇

按保护价敞开收购粮食的政策a policy of purchasing grain without limitations at protective prices 把处理事与处理人结合起来integrate the handling of cases with the handling of violators 把有限的资金用在―刀刃上‖ use our limited funds where they can be put to best use 保持经济适度快速增长maintain an appropriate rapid economic growth 保监会the China Insurance Regulatory Commission

保证国家的长治久安guarantee China’s long-term stability 保证社会公共需要guarantee social needs

保证这些项目如期建成并发挥效益ensure that these projects are completed according to schedule and yield economic returns 避免形成倒逼机制、欲罢不能The uncompleted projects cannot drag on and on and require excessive investment.不合法、不合理基金和收费项目illegal and unjustifiable funds and charges 不会导致货币过量发行without causing overissue of currency 不进则退 no progress simply means regression 不良贷款 non-performing loans 不能搞赤字预算cannot leave a deficit in their budgets 不再经商no longer engage in trade 财政偿还能力our ability to service debt 财政的承受能力financial capacity 财政监督条例the Regulations on Financial Supervision 财政日子将更加难过We will be in financial straits.财政收入占国内生产总值的比重the ratio of revenue to GDP 财政收支基本平衡的原则a principle of maintaining a basic balance between revenue and expenditures 财政资金申请、立项、拨付、使用效果等各个环节的监督supervision over the whole process of fund allocation from application, project determination and actual allocation to returns on investment 拆迁补偿费compensation for demolition 产权划转和产权变动the transfer of and changes in property rights of enterprises 产销衔接状况the ratio of sales to production 产业升级upgrade industries 长江流域的生态掩体an ecological shelter along the Yangtze River Valley 长江三峡和黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程the key water projects at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River and at Xiaolangdi on the Yellow River 长期国债long-term government bonds 常务委员Standing Committee member 车辆购置税暂行条例the Interim Regulations on the Tax on Vehicle Purchases 成长型企业市场（指二板市场）growing enterprise market(GEM)城乡电网改造projects for upgrading urban and rural power grids 城镇登记失业率registered unemployment rate in cities and towns 城镇社会保障体系 urban social security system 城镇职工医疗保险制度改革medical insurance for urban workers 城镇住房制度改革reform of the urban housing system 出口经营权由审批制向登记备案制过渡the transition from an examination and approval system to a registration and recording system for the right to engage in export 出口配额export quotas 传统产业conventional industries 创新体系an innovation system 垂直管理vertical management

从源头上、制度上堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes in terms of their sources and systems 促进公平分配promote fair distribution of social wealth 村村通广播电视工程project ―extend radio and TV coverage to every village‖ 存款准备金reserves against deposit 大部分科技力量游离于企业和市场之外a majority of scientific personnel being divorced from enterprises and the market 大力推进粮食流通体制改革step up our efforts to promote the reform of the grain distribution system 大面积多光区光纤光谱天文望远镜a large sky area multi-object fiber-spectroscopy telescope 贷款质量5级分类办法five-category assets classification for bank loans 邓小平理论 Deng Xiaoping Theory 低水平重复建设low-level redundant development 滴灌、喷灌drip irrigation and spray irrigation 抵抗全球经济衰退 to combat the global economic slump 地方性中小金融机构存款保险制度a deposit insurance system for local small and medium-sized financial institutions

电视会议televised meeting 调控宏观经济运行regulate operation of the macroeconomy 调整出口退税adjustments in the level of export tax rebates 调整投资结构和经济结构the restructuring of investment and the economy 堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes

对卷烟全面推行核定计税价格征收消费税办法fully levy a sales tax on cigarettes on the basis of an authorized tax valuation 对人民高度负责的态度maintain a high sense of responsibility 对中西部地区适当倾斜appropriately directed to the central and western areas of the country 夺取了抗洪抢险的伟大胜利achieve great victory in the fight against floods 发挥出最大的效益produce the best possible results 发挥最大的使用效益yield the greatest returns on investment 反对铺张浪费combat extravagance and waste 防范和化解金融风险guard against and defuse financial risks 防范金融风险能力ability to guard against financial risks 防止―重点支出重点浪费‖ prevent ―more waste in more expenditures‖ 非办不可的大事important tasks which must be accomplished 非国有工业企业non-state industrial enterprises 非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions 费改税改革 tax-for-fees reform 分配货币化distribution of money 分税制度财政体制the revenue-sharing system 风险防范机制a risk prevention mechanism 服从全局、服务全局be subordinated to and serve the overall interests of the country 复杂多变的国内经济环境complicated and volatile economic environment both at home and abroad 改革价格形成机制reform the price formation mechanism 干堤的修复加固任务the task of repairing and reinforcing the main dikes

干法旋窑水泥dry-process rotary kilns

敢抓敢管、不讲情面 have the courage to bear their responsibilities and exercise management no matter what others might think 高等教育―211工程‖ the ―211‖ Project for higher education

高技术产业发展规划 plans for the development of high-tech industries 高技术产业化 apply high technology to production 高技术产业化示范工程 high-tech model projects to demonstrate their commercial viability 高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻'三个代表'重要思想hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of 'Three Represents' 高清晰度电视功能样机 functional prototype of high definition TV 个人所得税法 the Law on Personal Income Tax 个体经济、私营经济 self-employed and private businesses 各地区经济发展的客观需要 the needs of the economic development of different regions 各级各类教育 all forms of education at all levels

国有企业重组 regroup SOEs 国有商业银行一级法人管理 management of the state-owned commercial banks with only their head offices as their legal persons 国有资产管理、监督和营运机制 management, supervision and operation of state-owned assets 国有资源有偿使用 paid use of state-owned resources 国债资金 the capital obtained from issuance of government bonds 过剩的生产能力 excessive production capacity 海峡两岸关系 cross-Strait relations 合同管理制 contract management system 黑市交易 black market transaction in foreign exchanges 很多上海企业涌向西部，掀起了去西部的淘金热。Many enterprises of Shanghai go on a 'gold-rush' spree in the western parts of China.宏观调控目标 macro-control targets 宏观经济预期目标 macroeconomic targets 会计法 the Accounting Law 会计信息质量抽查公告制度 the system for publicizing the results of random inspections for the quality of accounting information 积极的财政政策 a proactive fiscal policy 基本养老保险省级统筹 unified basic old-age insurance at the provincial level 基层监督grass-roots supervision 基础设施建设 construction of infrastructural facilities 缉私 suppress smuggling 稽察特派员 special inspectors 及时、足额发放 timely and full funding of pension 急需安排的重点支出 urgently needed expenditures for key construction projects 挤占、挪用财政投资 misappropriation or diversion of financial investment 技术密集型产业 technology-intensive industries 加大处罚力度 severely punish those who violate the law and discipline 加大宏观调控力度 tighten macro-control 加大转移支付力度 increase transfer payments 加工贸易 trade involving the processing of supplied raw materials 加快经济结构调整 accelerate economic restructuring 加强军队和政权建设 strengthen army building and the organs of political power 加强征管、堵塞漏洞、惩治腐败、清缴欠税‖的方针the principle of ―tightening collection and management, plugging up loopholes, punishing corruption and clearing up overdue taxes‖ 价格法 the Price Law 价格歧视 price discrimination 坚持解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，弘扬与时俱进的精神adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with time.坚定信心 proceed with confidence 坚决不搞重复建设 prohibit redundant projects 坚决杜绝劣质工程 prohibit inferior projects 艰苦奋斗、勤俭建国 hard work, plain living and building up the country through thrift 减轻企业负担 lighten the burden on enterprises

减人增效 increase efficiency by downsizing payrolls 减少福利型、供给型、实物型分配reduce distribution in the form of welfare, supply and kind 减员增效 downsize staffs and improve efficiency 剪彩仪式ribbon-cutting ceremonies 建立公共财政的基本框架 establish the basic framework for a system of public finance 建设文明幸福家庭 the development of civilized and happy families 健全项目法人责任制 the system of holding the legal person responsible for projects 讲排场、摆阔气、比享受 ostentatious behavior and pleasure-seeking 降低银行存贷款利率 lower bank interest rates for savings deposits and loans, 节能、节水、节地和低污染新型材料new building materials that help to save energy, water and land resources and cause less environmental pollution 金融体制改革 reform of the financial system 金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies 进出口商品结构 pattern of imports and exports 经济不发达地区 economically underdeveloped areas 经济发展后劲 future economic growth 经济房 low-cost housing 经营收费 operating charges 精打细算 meticulous plan all expenditures 精心设计 meticulous design 九届全国人大四次会议the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress 九届全国政协常委递补委员 by-elect members to the Standing Committee of the Ninth CPPCC National Committee 就业问题 the problem of employment 具有税收性质的政府性基金或专项性收费 government funds and special charges of a tax nature 绝不能花钱大手大脚 absolutely cannot spend money lavishly 军队、武警部队、政法机关与企业脱钩the army, armed police and procuratorial, judicial and public security organs have severed their ties with enterprises 开拓城乡市场 develop urban and rural markets 开拓农村消费市场 develop consumer markets in rural areas 抗洪救灾 fight floods and provide disaster relief 科技成果转化 the commercialization of research findings 科技发展基金 a science and technology development fund 科教兴国战略 the strategy of invigorating China through the development of science and education 科学技术进步 scientific and technological progress 科学论证 scientific verification 科学有效的收入组织机制 a scientific and effective mechanism for collecting revenue 可持续发展战略 the strategy of sustainable development 可支配收入 disposable income 肯定成绩 affirm our achievements 控制在国民经济可以承受的范围之内 keep within the limits of the national economic strength 跨省区分行trans-provincial or trans-regional branches

亏损企业 loss-generating enterprises 扩大内需，刺激消费 expand/ increase domestic demand and stimulate consumption 扩大住房贷款，助学贷款和大件消费品贷款expand housing loans, student loans and major commodity loans 拉动经济增长stimulate economic growth 来之不易hard-won achievements 浪费资源 resource-wasting 劳动力市场 the labor market 劳动者素质的提高 improve the quality of laborers 老工业基地 old industrial bases 离退休人员基本养老金 basic pensions for retirees 离退休人员养老金 pensions to retired employees 理顺税、费、价三者关系 straighten out the relationships among taxes, charges and prices 厉行节约 practice economy 粮食流通体制改革 reform of the grain distribution system 粮食市场的宏观调控能力 the state’s capacity for macro-control of the grain market 粮食政策性补贴 policy-related grain subsidies 两大历史性课题（提高党的执政能力和领导水平、提高拒腐防变和抵御风险能力）the two major historic subjects of enhancing the abilities of administration and art of leadership and resisting corruption, guarding against degeneration and warding off risks.林区 forested areas 零基预算制度 a zero-base budgeting system 漏征漏管户 tax dodgers 面对严峻挑战 meet the serious challenge 民族地区 regions inhabited by ethnic groups 名优产品 famous brand high-quality products 牟取暴利price hikes for exorbitant profits 年度国家预算annual State budge 农村电网改造projects to upgrade rural power grids 农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural workers 起草社会治安法drafting a social security law 全国人大常务委员会 the NPC Standing Committee 全国人大代表deputy to the National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会(简称全国人大)National People's Congress(NPC)全国人民代表大会常务委员会 the NPC Standing Committee 全国人民代表大会常务委员会办公厅the general offices of the NPC Standing Committee 全国人民代表大会主席团 the NPC Presidium 全国政协委员 member of the national committee of CPPCC 全面推进党的建设的新的伟大工程forge ahead with the new great project of Party building 全体会议plenary meeting 权贵资本主义'(又译裙带资本主义或亲朋好友资本主义)crony capitalism 人均国内生产总值per-capita gross domestic product(GDP)弱势群体 disadvantaged groups(对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助。--Special employment assistance should be given to members of disadvantaged groups.)

三个代表 three represents theory(the Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.)三讲教育：讲学习，讲政治，讲正气three emphases education(to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct)三峡工程Three-Gorges Project 三峡移民Migrants from Three Gorges area 生计问题 bread-and butter issue 生态建筑 ecological construction 使大多数亏损企业扭亏为盈 bring the majority of money-losing firms into the black 试点项目 pilot project 特困行业和企业industries and enterprises in dire straits 退耕还林、还草工程Grain for Green Project 网络公司 a web-based economy 西部大开发the strategy of developing the western region 西电东送 transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region 下岗工人基本生活津贴the basic living allowance for laid-off workers 下岗职工基本生活费subsistence allowances for laid-off workers 现代远程教育modern distance education 宪法修正案 amendments to the Constitution 乡镇企业 township enterprises 小组讨论 panel discussions/group discussions 新闻发布会 press conference 医保制度改革Reform of medical insurance system 医疗改革 health care reform 隐形就业 hidden employment 有中国特色的社会主义民主政治socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics 与时俱进 advance with the times 再就业下岗人员re-employment of laid-off workers 增收节支increase revenue and cut government expenditure 债转股 debt-to-equity swap 政府工作报告government's work report 政府机构改革Reform of government institutions 制定反贪法规anti-corruption legislation 中共中央委员会CPC Central Committee 中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会 16th National Congress of Communist Party of China(16th NCCPC)中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会（简称全国政协）National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会 Standing committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC 中国政协委员 member of the National Committee of CPPCC 中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

重庆（直辖）市 China's Chongqing Municipality 诸国议会同盟Inter-Parliamentary Union(IPU)资源丰富的内陆地区（指中国西部）the resource-rich hinterland 综合国力 overall national streng Chinese Governmental Sections after the Adminitrative Transformation

1、外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs

2、国防部 Ministry of National Defence

3、国家发展计划委员会 State Development Planning Commission

4、国家经济计划委员会 State Economy and Trade Commission

5、教育部 Ministry of Education

全国高考 the National College Entrance Examination

6、科学技术部 Ministry of Science and Technology

7、国防科学技术工业委员会 Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence

8、国家民族事务委员会 State Ethnic Affairs Commission

9、公安部 Ministry of Public Security

10、国家安全部 Ministry of State Security

11、监察部 Ministry of Supervision

12、民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs

13、司法部 Ministry of Justice

14、财政部 Ministry of Finance

15、人事部 Ministry of Personnel

16、劳动和社会保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security

17、国土资源部 Ministry of Land and Resources

18、建设部 Ministry of Construction

19、铁道部 Ministry of Railways

20、交通部 Ministry of Communications

21、信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry

22、水利部 Ministry of Water Resources

23、农业部 Ministry of Agricultry

24、对外贸易经济合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

25、文化部 Ministry of Culture

26、卫生部 Ministry of Health

27、国家计划生育委员会 State Family Planning Commission

28、中国人民银行 The People's Bank of China

29、审计署 National Auditing Administration

口译笔译分类词汇（05）--环境保护词汇

21世纪议程 Agenda 21（the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里约）, — provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）

世界环境日 World Environment Day(June 5th each year)世界环境日主题 World Environment Day Themes 环境千年—行动起来吧！（2000）The Environment MillenniumOur FutureSave Our Seas!为了地球上的生命（1997）For Life on Earth 我们的地球、居住地、家园（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home 国际生物多样性日 International Biodiversity Day(29 December)世界水日 World Water Day(22 March)世界气象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日 World Oceans Day(8 June)联合国环境与发展大会（环发大会）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED)环发大会首脑会议 Summit Session of UNCED 联合国环境规划署 United Nations Environment Programs（UNEP）

2000年全球环境展望报告 GEO-2000;Global Environmental Outlook 2000 入选―全球500佳奖‖ be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor 联合国人类居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements(UNCHS)

改善人类居住环境最佳范例奖 Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement 人与生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere(MAB)Programme(UNESCO)中国21世纪议程 China’s Agenda 21

中国生物多样性保护行动计划 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan 中国跨世纪绿色工程规划 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan 国家环境保护总局 State Environmental Protection Administration(SEPA)中国环保基本方针 China’s guiding principles for environmental protection 坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development 贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的方针 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection(the ―three synchronizes‖ principle)促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变 promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth 实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一 bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection 中国环保基本政策 the basic policies of China’s environmental protection

预防为主、防治结合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control 污染者负担的政策 ―the-polluters-pay‖ policy

年底，47个重点城市的空气和地面水达到国家规定的环境质量标准 2.Air and surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 major cities should meet related national standards by the end of 2000.对新项目实行环境影响评估 conduct environmental impact assessments(EIA)on start-up projects 提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 查处违反环保法规案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection 环保执法检查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection 限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time 中国已加入的国际公约 international conventions into which China has accessed

控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal 关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 生物多样性公约 Convention on Biological Diversity 防治荒漠化国际公约 Convention to Combat Desertification 气候变化框架公约 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 生态示范区 eco-demonstration region;environment-friendly region 国家级生态示范区（珠海）Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region 国家级园林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City 对水质和空气质量的影响 impact on the quality of the water and the air 治理环境污染 curb environmental pollution;bring the pollution under control 海藻 mostly in polluted waters)工业固体废物 industrial solid wastes 白色污染 white pollution(by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags 放射性废料积存 accumulation of radioactive waste 有机污染物 organic pollutants

氰化物、砷、汞排放 discharge of cyanide, arsenic, mercury 铅、镉、六价铬 lead, cadmium, sexivalent chromium 城市垃圾无害化处理率 decontamination rate of urban refuse 垃圾填埋场 refuse landfill 垃圾焚化厂 refuse incinerator 防止过度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation 水土流失 water and soil erosion 土壤盐碱化 soil alkalization 农药残留 pesticide residue 水土保持 conservation of water and soil 生态农业 environment-friendly agriculture;eco-agriculture 水资源保护区 water resource conservation zone 海水淡化 sea water desalinization

保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业资源 protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource

绿化祖国 turn the country green 全民义务植树日 National Tree-Planting Day 造林工程 afforestation project 绿化面积 afforested areas;greening space 森林覆盖率 forest coverage 防风林 wind breaks（防沙林 sand breaks）速生林 fast-growing tree

降低资源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation 开发可再生资源 develop renewable resources 环保产品 environment-friendly products 自然保护区 nature reserve 野生动植物 wild animals and plants, wild fauna and flora 保护生存环境 conserve natural habitats 濒危野生动物 endangered wildlife 珍稀濒危物种繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center 自然生态系统 natural ecosystems 防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙）desertification 环境负荷 carrying capacity of environment 三废综合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes 先天与后天，遗传与环境 nature-nurture 美化环境 landscaping design for environmental purposes 防止沿海地带不可逆转恶化 protect coastal zones from irreversible degradation 环境恶化 environmental degradation 城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization 温饱型农业 subsistence agriculture 贫困的恶性循环 vicious cycle of poverty 大气监测系统 atmospheric monitoring system 空气污染浓度 air pollution concentration 酸雨、越境空气污染 acid rain and transboundary air pollution 二氧化硫排放 sulfur dioxide(SO2)emissions 悬浮颗粒物 suspended particles

工业粉尘排放 industrial dust discharged 烟尘排放 soot emissions 二氧化氮 nitrate dioxide(NO2)矿物燃料（煤、石油、天然气）fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清洁能源 clean energy 汽车尾气排放 motor vehicle exhaust 尾气净化器 exhaust purifier 无铅汽油 lead-free gasoline 天然气汽车 gas-fueled vehicles

电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles;battery cars 氯氟烃 CFCs

温室效应 greenhouse effect 厄尔尼诺南徊 ENSO(El Nino Southern Oscillation)噪音 noise（分贝 db;decibel）

化学需氧量（衡量水污染程度的一个指标）COD；chemical oxygen demand 生物需氧量 BOD;biological oxygen demand 工业废水处理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污水处理率 treatment rate of domestic sewage 集中处理厂 centralized treatment plant 红潮 red tide(rapid propagation of sea algae

英语―气象‖用语表达法

1、气候种类

山地气候 mountain climate 恒风 constant wind 微风 breeze 冬季季风气候 winter monsoon climate 逆风 headwind 台风 typhoon 季风气候 monsoon climate 高气压 high-pressure 锋面 frontal edge 亚热带气候 sub-tropical climate 气团 air mass 热浪 heat wave 高原气候 plateau climate 闪电 lightning 雾 fog 海滨气候 littoral climate 凉 cool 霜 frost 极地气候 polar climate 雪堆 snowdrift 露 dew 热带气候 tropical climate 寒冷 chilly

3、风的名称

温带沙漠气候 temperate desert climate 间歇雨 intermittent rain 无风 calm 温带干燥气候 temperate arid climate 大雨 heavy rain 轻风 light breeze 热带季风气候 tropical monsson climate 信风 trade wind 微风 gentle breeze 大陆气候 continental climate 天气预报 weather forecast 和风 moderate breeze 沙漠气候 desert climate 甘霖 welcome rain 清风 fresh breeze 沿海气候 coastal climate 冰柱 icicle 强风 strong breeze 高地气候 highland climate 西北风 northwester 疾风 near gale 海洋气候 marine climate 地形雨 local rains 大风 gale 森林气候 forest climate 狂风 squall 烈风 strong gale 温带气候 temperate climate 雨季 rainy season 狂风 storm 湿润气候 humid climate 雨点 raindrops 暴风 violent storm 温带草原气候 temperate grassy climate 东北信风 northeast trades 飓风 hurricane 热带雨林气候 tropical rainy climate 东南风 southeaster 台风 typhoon 热带海洋气候 tropical marine climate 风级 wind scale 龙卷风 tornado

2、气象用语虹 rainbow

小雨 light rain 阵雨 shower平静 calm 毛毛雨 drizzle,fine rain 疾风 gusty wind 微波 rippled 反常天气 freakish weather 气旋 cyclone 微浪 smooth wavelets 北风 north wind 气压 barometric pressure 细浪 light seas 冰 ice 阴天 cloudy day 小浪 moderate seas 冰点 freezing point 雪花 snow flake 中浪 rough seas 西南风 southwester 晴 clear 大浪 very rough seas 冷峰 cold front 顺风 favorable wind 强浪 high seas

低气压 low-pressure 闷热天气 muggy weather 巨浪 very high seas 雨量 rainfall 雹 hail 狂浪 monster waves 东北风 northeaster 雷 thunder

3、自然灾害

东风 east wind 滂沱大雨 downpour 火山地震 volcanic earthquake 炎热 scorching heat 暖锋 warm front 海啸 tidal wave 风眼 eye of a storm 零度 zero 山崩 landslide 零度以下 subzero

口译笔译分类词汇（06）--机关机构词汇

部属机构属译名（以化学工业为例）化学工业部 Ministry of Chemical Industry 办公厅 General Office 计划司 Planning Department 外事司 Foreign Affairs Department 人事司 Personnel Department 化工新材料局 New Chemical Material Department 化工司橡胶司炼化司矿山司 Chemical Department Rubber Department Department of Refining and Chemicals Chemical Mines Bureau 化工规划院 Chemical Planning Institute 设备总公司 Equipment General Corporation 基建局 Capital Construction Department 教育司 Education Department 化肥司 Chemical Fertilizer Department 供销局 Department of Supply and Sales 市属机械译名（以北京市为例）

城乡建设委员会 Committee of Municipal and Rural Construction 科学技术委员会城市规划委员会对外经贸委员会市政管理委员会 Committee of Science and Technology Committee of Municipal Design Committee of Economic Trade for Foreign Countries Municipal Administration Committee 民族委员会 Nationalities Committee 体育委员会 Physical Culture and Sports Committee 计划生育委员会 Family Planning Committee 人事局 Personnel Bureau 科技干部管理局 Bureau of Scientific and Technical Personnel 老干部局 Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres 统计局 Statistical Bureau 物价局 Bureau of Commodity Price 工商行政管理局 Administration Bureau for Industry and Commerce 商品检验局 Bureau for Inspection of Commodities 审计局 Auditing Bureau 财政局 Finance Bureau 税务局 Tax Bureau 劳动局 Labor Bureau 档案局 Archives Bureau 物资管理局 Bureau of Materials 标准计量局 Bureau of Standard Measurement 公用局 Bureau if Public Utilities 广播电视局 Bureau of Radio and Television 教育委员会 Education Committee 文化局 Bureau of Culture 文物事业管理局 Bureau of Cultural Relics 卫生局 Health Bureau 乡镇企业管理局 Bureau if Township Enterprise Management 地质矿产局 Bureau of Geology and mineral Resources 农业局 Agricultural Bureau 林业局 Forestry Bureau 水产局 Bureau of Aquatic Products 气象局 Meteorological Bureau 水资源管理局 Control Bureau of Water Resources 园林局 Bureau of Parks and Woods 环境保护局 Bureau for Environmental Protection 环境卫生管理局 Bureau for Environmental Health 商业委员会 Commerce Committee 粮食局 Food Bureau 房地产管理局 Real Estate Bureau 城市规划管理局 Bureau for Municipal Design 机械设备成套局 Bureau for Complete Plants of Machinery and Equipment 公安局 Public Security Bureau

安全局 Security Bureau 司法局 Justice Bureau 民政局 Bureau of Civil Affairs 劳改工作管理局 Bureau of Reform-through-Labor Work 旅游局 Travel Bureau/Tourism Administration 铁路局 Railways Bureau 邮政局 Post Bureau 电信局 Telecommunications Bureau 北京民航管理局 Beijing Bureau of Civil Aviation 北京海关 Beijing Customs 外交人员服务局 Service Bureau for Foreign Officials 首都钢铁公司 Capital Iron and Steel Company 燕山石化总公司 Yanshan Petro-Chemical Industry Corporation 企业

化学纤维厂 Chemical Fiber Plant 化妆品厂 Cosmetics Plant 机床厂 Machine Tools Plant 机械修理厂 Machine Repair Plant 建筑机械厂 Construction Machinery Plant 金属工艺制品厂 Metal Handicraft Plant 晶体管厂 Transistor Factory 绝缘材料厂 Insulating Materials Plant 民族乐器厂 Folk Music Instrument Factory 炼油厂 Oil Refinery 粮油加工厂 Grain and Cooking Oil Processing Factory 毛纺织厂 Woolen Mill 木材厂 Timber Mill 家具厂 Furniture Factory 农药厂 Insecticide Factory 啤酒厂 Beer Brewery 汽车修配厂 Motor-Car Repair and Assembly Plant 人造纤维厂 Artificial Fiber Plant 乳品加工厂 Milk Processing Plant 石油化工机械厂 Petro-Chemical Machinery Plant 水泥厂 Cement Plant 塑料厂 Plastics Plant 搪瓷厂 Enamel Plant 陶瓷厂 Pottery and porcelain Factory 通用机械厂 General Machinery Plant 玩具厂 Toy Factory 无线电器材厂 Radio Appliances Factory 五金厂 Hardware Factory 橡胶厂 Rubber Plant 制药厂 Pharmaceutical Factory 羊毛衫厂 Woolen Sweater Mill 针织厂 Knitwear Mill 冶炼厂 Metallurgical Plant 医疗器械厂 Medical Apparatus Factory 仪表厂 Instrument and Meters Factory 饮料厂 Soft Drinks Plant 印染厂 Printing and Dyeing Mill 油漆厂 Paint Factory 有机化工厂 Organic Chemical Plant 造纸机械厂 Paper Making Machinery Plant 造船厂 Shipbuilding Plant 自行车厂 Bicycle Plant 公司、企业集团

家用电器有限公司 Household Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd.技贸公司 Technology and Trade Co., Ltd.钢铁公司 Iron and Steel Company 保安服务公司 Security Service Company 针织有限公司 Knitting Company Ltd.实业集团公司 Industrial Group Corporation 国际租赁公司 International Leasing Company 电子技术开发公司 Electronic Technology Development Co.毛纺织有限公司 Woolen Textile Co., Ltd.系统工程有限公司 System Engineering Corporation 计算机集团公司 Computer Group Co.时装有限公司 Fashion Company Ltd.广告公司 Advertising Company 科学技术开发公司 Science and Technical Development Company 水产品有限公司 Aquatic Product Company Ltd.旅游公司 Travel Corporation 服装公司 Garment Company Ltd.国际广告展览有限公司International Advertising and Exposition Co., Ltd.电冰箱厂有限公司 Refrigerator Factory Co., Ltd.电风扇工业公司 Electric Fan Industry Company 电话技术开发服务公司Telephonic Technology Development Service Co.电力机械制造公司 Electrical Machinery Manufacturing Company 电信发展公司 Telecommunications Development Co.电子器材公司 Electronic Equipment & Materials Corporation 建筑工程 Construction Project Consulting 咨询公司 Corporation 科学仪器 Scientific Instrument Import and 进出口公司 Export Co.仪器设备公司 Instrument and Equipment Company 汽车企业集团 Automobile Enterprise Group 技术开发咨询公司 Technical Development and Consultancy Co.对外服务公司 Foreign Service Company 对外经济发展公司 Foreign Economic Development Company 纺织企业集团 Textile Enterprise Group 对外贸易公司 Foreign Trade Company 贸易有限公司 Trading Company Ltd.国际投资有限公司 International Investment Company 塑料制品有限公司 Plastic Products Co., Ltd.工艺美术品公司 Arts and Crafts Corporation 国际经济技术合作公司International Economic & Technological Consulting Corporation 国际经济开发公司 International Economic Development Corporation 国际科技咨询公司 International Scientific and Technological Consulting Corporation 国际贸易展览公司 International Trade Exhibition Company 国际商业服务公司 International Commercial Service Company 国际信息处理有限公司International Information Processing Co., Ltd.国际经济合作公司 International Economic Cooperation Corporation 国际工程集团 International Engineering Group Corporation 制衣实业公司 Garments Industrial Company 化工工程咨询公司 Chemical Engineering Consulting Corporation 计算机技术 Computer Technology Service 服务公司 Corporation 工程承包有限公司 Project Contracting Co., Ltd.建筑设计合资公司 Building Design Joint Venture Corporation 交通进出口 Communications Import & Export 服务公司 Service Company 饭店集团服务公司 Hotel Group, Ltd.饮料有限公司 Beverage Company Limited 建筑工程公司 Construction Engineering Co.陶瓷企业集团 Porcelain Industry Complex 饲料技术开发集团 Feed Technological Development Group 能源开发公司 Energy Development Corporation 民办交通信息中心 Non-Governmental Transport Information Center 国货有限公司 China Products Company Ltd.气象服务公司 Meteorological Service Company 农资公司 Agricultural Materials Company 化纤工业集团公司 Chemical Fiber Industry Group 房产投资有限公司 Realty & Investment Company 房地产开发公司 Real Estate Development Company 国际集装箱有限公司 International Container Co., Ltd.证券公司 Securities Company 塑料皮革工业公司 Plastics and Leather Industrial Company 讨债公司 Debt Collecting Company 新型建筑材料供应公司 New Building Materials Supply Company 金融、保险机构

中国人民银行 People's Bank of China 中国人民建设银行 People's Construction Bank of China 中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China 中国银行 Bank of China 交通银行 Bank of Communications 中国投资银行 China Investment Bank 中信实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China 厦门国际银行 Xiamen International Bank 广东发展银行 Guangdong Development Bank 浦东发展银行 Pudong Development Bank 中国国际信托投资公司 China International Trust ＆ Investment Corporation 中国人民保险公司 People's Insurance Company of China平安保险公司 Ping An Insurance Company

中国人寿保险公司 China Life Insurance Company Ltd.商店

书店 books store 粮店 grain store 食品点 food store 煤店 coal store 食品杂货（副食品）店 grocery 酱园 sauce and pickles shop 肉店 meat(butcher's)shop 酒店 wine shop 水产店 aquatic products shop 家禽店 fowl shop 豆腐店 bean curd shop 烤肉店 roast meat shop 卤味店 sauced meat shop 饮食店 food and drink shop 小吃店 eating house(snack bar)饭店 restaurant 冷饮店 cold drinks shop 蔬菜店水果店 green grocery(green grocer's)蔬菜店 vegetables shop 鞋帽店 shoes and hats store 百货公司 department store 百货商场 general merchandise market 服装店 clothing store 成衣店 ready-made clothes shop 呢绒绸布店 wool, silk and cotton fabrics store 药店（美：杂货店）drug store(pharmacy)儿童用品商店 children's goods shop 妇女用品商店 women's goods shop 钟表店 watch and clock ship 文具店 stationer's(stationery shop)日用杂货店 daily-use sundry goods shop 炊事用具商店 cooking utensils shop 家用器具商店 household utensils shop 五金商店 metal products shop 家具店 furniture shop 眼镜店 eyeglasses store 玻璃礼品店 glass gifts store 爆竹鞭炮店 fireworks shop 电器商店 electrical appliance shop 油漆店 paint shop 化工油漆染料店 chemicals, paint and dyestuffs shop 地产建材商店 native building materials store

照相馆（摄影室）photographic studio(photographer's)旧货店 second-hand goods store(used goods store)寄卖商店 commission shop 综合修理店 general repair shop(service)工艺美术服务社 arts and crafts shop 花店 flower shop 古玩珠宝店 antiques and jewelry shop 香烟店（摊）cigarette shop(stall)售报亭 newspaper and magazine stand 茶馆 tea house 理发店 barber's shop(hairdresser's)洗澡堂 bath house 旅店/旅馆 inn/ hotel 邮局 post office 中国人民团体People’s Organizations of China

中国基督教―三自‖爱国运动委员会 Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee of the Protestant Churches of China 中国基督教协会 China Christian Council 中国计量测试学会 Chinese Society for Measurement 中国金融学会 Chinese Monetary Society 中国考古协会 Archaeological Society of China 中国科学技术史学会 Chinese Society of Science and Technology History 中国科学技术协会 China Society and Technology Association 中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会 National Commission of The People’s Republic of China for UNESCO 中国联合国协会 United Nations Association of the People’s Republic of China 中国美术家协会 Chinese Artists Association 中国民间文艺家协会 China Society for the Study of Folk Literature and Art 中国企业管理协会 China Enterprise Management Association 中国曲艺家协会 Chinese Ballad Singers Association 中国人民保卫儿童基金会 Chinese People’s National Committee for Defense of Children 中国人民对外友好协会 Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries 中国少年儿童基金会 Children’s Foundation of China 中国少年先锋队 China Young Pioneers 中国摄影家协会 Chinese Photographers Society 中国书法家协会 Chinese Calligraphers Association 中国天主教爱国会 Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association 中国天主教教务委员会 National Administrative Commission of the Chinese Catholic Church 中国天主教主教团 Chinese Catholic Bishops College 中国文学艺术界联合会 China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中国舞蹈家协会 Chinese Dancers Association 中国戏剧家协会 Chinese Dramatists Association 中国伊斯兰教协会 Chinese Islamic Association 中国音乐家协会 Chinese Musicians Association 中国杂技艺术家协会 Chinese Acrobats Association 中国政法学会 China Society of Political Science and Law 中国作家协会 Chinese Writers Association 中化全国妇女联合会 All-China Women’s Federation

主席团 Presidium 常务委员会 Standing Committee 办公厅General Office 秘书处Secretariat 代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee 提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee 民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee 法律委员会Law Committee 财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee 外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee 教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 法制工作委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs 特定问题调查委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions 宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution 2.中华人民共和国主席 [President of the People's Republic of China] 3.中央军事委员会 [Central Military Commission] 4.最高人民法院 [Supreme People's Court] 5.最高人民检察院 [Supreme People's Procuratorate] 6.国务院 [State Council](1)国务院部委 Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 国防部Ministry of National Defence 国家发展计划委员会State Development Planning Commission 国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 教育部Ministry of Education 科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology 国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence 国家民族事物委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 公安部Ministry of Public Security 国家安全部Ministry of State Security 监察部Ministry of Supervision 民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs 司法部Ministry of Justice 财政部Ministry of Finance 人事部Ministry of Personnel 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security 国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources 建设部Ministry of Construction 铁道部Ministry of Railways 交通部Ministry of Communications 信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry

水利部Ministry of Water Resources 农业部Ministry of Agriculture 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture 卫生部Ministry of Public Health 国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission 中国人民银行People's Bank of China 国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构 Offices under the State Council 国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council 侨务办公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs 港澳台办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office 台湾事务办公室Taiwan Affairs Office 法制办公室Office of Legislative Affairs 经济体制改革办公室Office for Economic Restructuring 国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council 新闻办公室Information Office 公司部门的英文标识名称总公司 Head Office 分公司 Branch Office 营业部 Business Office 人事部 Personnel Department 人力资源部Human Resources Department 总务部 General Affairs Department 财务部 General Accounting Department 销售部 Sales Department 促销部 Sales Promotion Department 国际部 International Department 出口部 Export Department 进口部 Import Department 公共关系 Public Relations Department 广告部 Advertising Department 企划部 Planning Department 产品开发部 Product Development Department 研发部 Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室 Secretarial Pool

口译笔译分类词汇（07）--世贸组织词汇

（补贴协议）可诉补贴Actionable subsidy(纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程Integration process

（服务贸易）境外消费Consumption abroad（服务贸易）跨境交付Cross border supply（服务贸易）商业存在Commercial presence(服务贸易)自然人 natural person(服务贸易)自然人流动Presence of natural person(解决争端)被诉方Defendant（解决争端）调查结果Findings(解决争端)上诉Appeal(解决争端)申诉方Complaint(利益的)丧失和减损Nullification and impairment(农产品)国内支持Domestic support（农产品）综合支持量AMS(Aggregate Measurement of Support)（农产品国内支持）黄箱措施Amber Box measures（农产品国内支持）蓝箱措施BOP(Balance-of-payments)Provisions（农产品国内支持）绿箱措施Green Box measures(农业)多功能性 Multifunctionality（欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy(争端解决)专家组Panel（知识产权）地理标识Geographical indications 《巴黎公约》(关于保护工业知识产权的公约)Paris Convention 《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）Basel Convention 《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement)《濒危物种国际贸易公约》Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）Berne Convention 《多种纤维协定》MFA(Multifibre Agreement)《纺织品与服装协议》ATC(Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)《服务贸易总协定》GATS(General Agreement on Trade in Services)《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)《京都议定书》 Kyoto Protocol 《里斯本条约》（有关地理标识及其国际注册）Lisbon Agreement 《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关保护大气臭氧层的多边环境协定)Montreal Protocol 《农产品协议》特殊保障SSG(Special Safeguard)《农业协议》中关于反补贴的和平条款Peace clause 《生物多样性公约》CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity)《信息技术协议》ITA(Information Technology Agreement)WTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM(WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)北美自由贸易区 NAFTA(North American Free Trade Area)采取措施后Ex post 采取措施前Ex ante 产品生命周期分析LCA(Life Cycle Analysis)出口补贴Export subsidy 出口实绩Export performance 垂直兼并 vertical merger

当地含量Local content 电子商务 Electronic Commerce 东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA(Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area 动植物卫生检疫措施SPS(Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard)反补贴税Countervailing duty 反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against… 反向通知Counter-notification 非配额产品 quota-free products 非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment 关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)规避Circumvention 国际标准化组织ISO(International Organization for Standardization)国际纺织品服装局ITCB(International Textile and Clothing Bureau)国际货币基金组织IMF(International Monetary Fund)国际劳工组织ILO(International Labor Organization)国际贸易中心ITC(International Trade Center)国际贸易组织ITO(International Trade Organization)

进口押金Import deposits 经济合作与发展组织OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)垃圾融资 junk financing 联合国环境署UNEP(United Nations Environment Program)联合国开发计划署UNDP(United Nations Development Program)联合国粮农组织FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States)联合国贸易与发展会议UNCTAD(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)粮食安全Food security 慢性萧条 chronic depression 贸易和投资自由化和便利化 TILF(Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Development 贸易与环境委员会Committee on Trade and Environment 模式Modalities 南方共同市场（或称南锥体共同市场）MERCOSUR(Southern Common Market)南亚区域合作联盟SAARC(South Asian Association for Regional cooperation)欧洲自由贸易联盟EFTA(European Free Trade Association)配额调整条款modulation of quota clause 瓶颈制约 'bottleneck' restrictions 全球配额 global quota 上诉机构Appeal body 申报制度 reporting system;income declaration system 生产补贴Production subsidy 实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to 实质损害Material injury 食品法典委员会 CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission)世界海关组织WCO(World Customs Organization)世界贸易组织WTO(World Trade Organization)世界知识产权组织WIPO(World Intellectual Property Organization)市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA(Administrative Aspects of Market Access)市场准入Market access 通知义务Notification obligation 同类产品Like product 乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round 消费膨胀 inflated consumption 协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）HS(Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)新议题New issues 许可费 License fee 有秩序的市场安排Orderly market arrangements 约束水平Bound level 争端解决机构Dispute Settlement Body 政府采购 Government procurement 知识产权IPRs(Intellectual property rights)直接支付Direct payment 诸边协议 Plurilateral agreement

专门的营销机构Market boards 转基因生物GMOs(Genetically Modified Organisms)祖父条款 grandfather clause 最不发达国家LDCs(Least-developed countries)最初谈判权(初谈权)INRs(Initial Negotiating Rights)最惠国待遇（现通常称'正常贸易关系'）MFN（most-favored-nation)treatment 最惠国贸易地位(待遇)MFN(Most-favored-nation)(Treatment)WTO术语英文解释 General GATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO.An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO’s agreements.GATT 1947 — The old(pre-1994)version of the GATT.GATT 1994 — The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods.Members — WTO governments(first letter capitalized, in WTO style).MFN — Most-favoured-nation treatment(GATT Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one’s trading partners.national treatment — The principle of giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals.GATT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs.GATS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection.TPRB, TPRM — The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the Trade

Policy Review Mechanism.transparency — Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable.Uruguay Round — Multilateral trade negotiations launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993.Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April 1994.Tariffs binding, bound — see ―tariff binding‖

Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000.ITA II — Negotiations aimed at expanding ITA’s product coverage.nuisance tariff — Tariff so low that it costs the government more to collect it than the revenue it generates.schedule of concessions — List of bound tariff rates.tariff binding — Commitment not to increase a rate of duty beyond an agreed level.Once a rate of duty is bound, it may not be raised without compensating the affected parties.tariff escalation — Higher import duties on semi-processed products than on raw materials, and higher still on finished products.This practice protects domestic processing industries and discourages the development of processing activity in the countries where raw materials originate.tariff peaks — Relatively high tariffs, usually on ―sensitive‖ products, amidst generally low tariff levels.For industrialized countries, tariffs of 15% and above are generally recognized as ―tariff peaks‖.tariffs — Customs duties on merchandise imports.Levied either on an ad valorem basis(percentage of value)or on a specific basis(e.g.$7 per 100 kgs.).Tariffs give price advantage to similar locally-produced goods and raise revenues for the government.WCO — World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and rationalize customs procedures.Non-tariff measures anti-dumping duties — Article VI of the GATT 1994 permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties against dumped goods, equal to the difference between their export price and their normal value, if dumping causes injury to producers of competing products in the importing country.circumvention — Measures taken by exporters to evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties.countervailing measures — Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country.dumping — Occurs when goods are exported at a price less than their normal value, generally meaning they are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third-country markets, or at less than production cost.NTMs — Non-tariff measures such as quotas, import licensing systems, sanitary regulations, prohibitions, etc.price undertaking — Undertaking by an exporter to raise the export price of the product to avoid the possibility of an anti-dumping duty.PSI — Preshipment inspection — the practice of employing specialized private companies to check shipment details of goods ordered overseas — i.e.price, quantity, quality, etc.QRs — Quantitative restrictions — specific limits on the quantity or value of goods that can be imported(or exported)during a specific time period.rules of origin — Laws, regulations and administrative procedures which determine a product’s country of origin.A decision by a customs authority on origin can determine whether a shipment falls within a quota limitation, qualifies for a tariff preference or is affected by an anti-dumping duty.These rules can vary from country to country.safeguard measures — Action taken to protect a specific industry from an unexpected build-up of imports — governed by Article XIX of the GATT 1994.subsidy — There are two general types of subsidies: export and domestic.An export subsidy is a benefit conferred on a firm by the government that is contingent on exports.A domestic subsidy is a benefit not directly linked to exports.tariffication — Procedures relating to the agricultural market-access provision in which all non-tariff measures are converted into tariffs.trade facilitation — Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders(e.g.simplification of customs procedures).VRA, VER, OMA — Voluntary restraint arrangement, voluntary export restraint, orderly marketing arrangement.Bilateral arrangements whereby an exporting country(government or industry)agrees to reduce or restrict exports without the importing country having to make use of quotas, tariffs or other import controls.Textiles and clothing ATC — The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing which integrates trade in this sector back to GATT rules within a ten-year period.carry forward — When an exporting country uses part of the following year’s quota during the current year.carry over — When an exporting country utilizes the previous year’s unutilized quota.circumvention — Avoiding quotas and other restrictions by altering the country of origin of a product.CTG — Council for Trade in Goods — oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC.integration programme — The phasing out of MFA restrictions in four stages starting on 1 January

subject to production limits and therefore minimally trade-distorting.— Amber box: supports considered to distort trade and therefore subject to reduction commitments.Cairns Group — Group of agricultural exporting nations lobbying for agricultural trade liberalization.It was formed in 1986 in Cairns, Australia just before the beginning of the Uruguay Round.Current membership: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uruguay.CAP — Common Agricultural Policy — The EU’s comprehensive system of production targets and marketing mechanisms designed to manage agricultural trade within the EU and with the rest of the world.Codex Alimentarius — FAO/WHO commission that deals with international standards on food safety.distortion — When prices and production are higher or lower than levels that would usually exist in a competitive market.deficiency payment — Paid by governments to producers of certain commodities and based on the difference between a target price and the domestic market price or loan rate, whichever is the less.EEP — Export enhancement programme — programme of US export subsidies given generally to compete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets.food security — Concept which discourages opening the domestic market to foreign agricultural products on the principle that a country must be as self-sufficient as possible for its basic dietary needs.internal support — Encompasses any measure which acts to maintain producer prices at levels above those prevailing in international trade;direct payments to producers, including deficiency payments, and input and marketing cost reduction measures available only for agricultural production.International Office of Epizootics — Deals with international standards concerning animal health.multifunctionality — Idea that agriculture has many functions in addition to producing food and fibre, e.g.environmental protection, landscape preservation, rural employment, etc.See non-trade concerns.non-trade concerns — Similar to multifunctionality.The preamble of the Agriculture Agreement specifies food security and environmental protection as examples.Also cited by members are rural development and employment, and poverty alleviation.peace clause — Provision in Article 13 of the Agriculture Agreement says agricultural subsidies committed under the agreement cannot be challenged under other WTO agreements, in particular the Subsidies Agreement and GATT.Expires at the end of 2003.reform process/program — The Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement starts a reform process.It sets out a first step, in the process, i.e.a program for reducing subsidies and protection and other reforms.Current negotiations launched under Article 20 are for continuing the reform process.SPS regulations — Sanitary and Phytosanitary regulations — government standards to protect human, animal and plant life and health, to help ensure that food is safe for consumption.variable levy — Customs duty rate which varies in response to domestic price criterion.Intellectual property Berne Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of the rights of authors in

their literary and artistic works.CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity.compulsory licensing — For patents: when the authorities license companies or individuals other than the patent owner to use the rights of the patent — to make, use, sell or import a product under patent(i.e.a patented product or a product made by a patented process)— without the permission of the patent owner.Allowed under the TRIPS Agreement provided certain procedures and conditions are fulfilled.See also government use.counterfeit — Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods.exhaustion — The principle that once a product has been sold on a market, the intellectual property owner no longer has any rights over it.(A debate among WTO member governments is whether this applies to products put on the market under compulsory licences.)Countries’ laws vary as to whether the right continues to be exhausted if the product is imported from one market into another, which affects the owner’s rights over trade in the protected product.See also parallel imports.geographical indications — Place names(or words associated with a place)used to identify products(for example, ―Champagne‖, ―Tequila‖ or ―Roquefort‖)which have a particular quality, reputation or other characteristic because they come from that place government use — For patents: when the government itself uses or authorizes other persons to use the rights over a patented product or process, for government purposes, without the permission of the patent owner.See also compulsory licensing.intellectual property rights — Ownership of ideas, including literary and artistic works(protected by copyright), inventions(protected by patents), signs for distinguishing goods of an enterprise(protected by trademarks)and other elements of industrial property.IPRs — Intellectual property rights.Lisbon Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of geographical indications and their international registration.Madrid Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the repression of false or deceptive indications of source on goods.mailbox — Refers to the requirement of the TRIPS Agreement applying to WTO members which do not yet provide product patent protection for pharmaceuticals and for agricultural chemicals.Since 1 January 1995, when the WTO agreements entered into force, these countries have to establish a means by which applications of patents for these products can be filed.(An additional requirement says they must also put in place a system for granting ―exclusive marketing rights‖ for the products whose patent applications have been filed.)parallel imports — When a product made legally(i.e.not pirated)abroad is imported without the permission of the intellectual property right-holder(e.g.the trademark or patent owner).Some countries allow this, others do not.Paris Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of industrial intellectual property, i.e.patents, utility models, industrial designs, etc.piracy — Unauthorized copying of materials protected by intellectual property rights(such as copyright, trademarks, patents, geographical indications, etc)for commercial purposes and unauthorized commercial dealing in copied materials.Rome Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, UNESCO and ILO, for the protection of the works of performers, broadcasting organizations and producers of phonograms.TRIPS — Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.UPOV — International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Washington Treaty — Treaty for the protection of intellectual property in respect of lay-out designs of integrated circuits.WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organization.Investment export-performance measure — Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported.FDI — Foreign direct investment.local-content measure — Requirement that the investor purchase a certain amount of local materials for incorporation in the investor’s product.product-mandating — Requirement that the investor export to certain countries or region.trade-balancing measure — Requirement that the investor use earnings from exports to pay for imports.TRIMS — Trade-related investment measures.Dispute settlement Appellate Body — An independent seven-person body that, upon request by one or more parties to the dispute, reviews findings in panel reports.automaticity — The ―automatic‖ chronological progression for settling trade disputes in regard to panel establishment, terms of reference, composition and adoption procedures.DSB — Dispute Settlement Body — when the WTO General Council meets to settle trade disputes.DSU — The Uruguay Round Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes.nullification and impairment — Damage to a country’s benefits and expectations from its WTO membership through another country’s change in its trade regime or failure to carry out its WTO

operated jointly by the WTO and the UN, the latter acting through UNCTAD.Focal point for technical cooperation on trade promotion of developing countries.LDCs — Least-developed countries.MERCOSUR — Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.NAFTA — North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the US.Quad — Canada, EC, Japan and the United States.SACU — Southern African Customs Union comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.S&D — ―Special and differential treatment‖ provisions for developing countries.Contained in several WTO agreements.UNCITRAL — United Nations Centre for International Trade Law, drafts model laws such as the one on government procurement.UNCTAD — The UN Conference on Trade and Development.Trade and environment Agenda 21 — The Agenda for the 21st Century — a declaration from the 1992 Earth Summit(UN Conference on the Environment and Development)held in Rio de Janeiro.Article XX — GATT Article listing allowed ―exceptions‖ to the trade rules.Basel Convention — An MEA dealing with hazardous waste.BTA — Border tax adjustment CITES — Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.An MEA.CTE — The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment.EST — Environmentally-sound technology.EST&P — EST and products.ex ante, ex post — Before and after a measure is applied.LCA — Life cycle analysis — a method of assessing whether a good or service is environmentally friendly.MEA — Multilateral environmental agreement.Montreal Protocol — An MEA dealing with the depletion of the earth’s ozone layer.PPM — Process and production method.TBT — The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.waiver — Permission granted by WTO members allowing a WTO member not to comply with normal commitments.Waivers have time limits and extensions have to be justified.口译笔译分类词汇（08）--经济金融词汇

不景气 slump（衰退 recession）二板市场 the second board market

中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market 首次上市 IPOs(initial public offering)市场资本总额 market capitalization 法人股 institutional shares 内部股（非上市招股）private company shares 牛市 bull market 法律风险 legal risk 风险管理 risk management 坚持严格的贷款标准 maintain strong underwriting standards 六大风险 risks in 6 key areas(U.S.Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险 credit risk 供给学派 supply-side economist 第一产业（农业）agriculture(primary industry)第二产业（工业）manufacturing industry(secondary industry)第三产业（服务业）service industry(tertiary industry)主要经济指标 major economic indicators 国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product（商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）国民生产总值 GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita 宏观经济 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund 扩大内需 expand domestic demand 改善居民心理预期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption 长期国债 long-term treasury bonds 支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds 财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt 按原口径计算 calculate on the base line 按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price 按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price 列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget 结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales

经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi(RMB)business 出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade 分期付款 pay by installment 保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押贷款 collateralised loans 住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan 货币主义者 monetarist 计划经济 planned economy 指令性计划 mandatory plan 技术密集型 technology intensive

大规模生产 mass production 经济林 cash tree 跟踪审计 follow-up auditing 流动性风险 liquidity risk 操作风险 operational risk 内部审计 internal audit 抛售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies

中国人民银行（中央银行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks 中国银行 Bank of china

中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and 中国建设银行 Construction Bank of China 中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China 招商银行 China Merchants Bank 疲软股票 soft stock 配股 allotment of shares 实际增长率 growth rate in real terms 年均增长率 average growth rate per annum 投资回报率 rate of return on investment 外贸进出口总额 total foreign trade value 实际利用外资 incoming overseas capital(investment)in place 消费价格指数 consumer price index(CPI)零售价格指数 retail price index（RPI）

生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost 生活费用 income available for living expenses

扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民储蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit

恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例）Engel coefficient 基尼系数（衡量地区差别）Gini coefficient 购买力平价法 purchasing power parity(PPP)（衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth

泡沫经济 bubble economy 经济过热 overheating of economy 通货膨胀 inflation 实体经济 the real economy 经济规律 laws of economics 市场调节 market regulation 优化资源配置 optimize allocation of resources 规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale 劳动密集型 labor intensive 市场风险 market risk 收紧银根 tighten up monetary policy 适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy

信用紧缩 credit crunch

加强国有商业银行内部资金调度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理划分贷款审批权限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets 启动民间投资 attract investment from the private sector 适销对路的产品 the right products / readily marketable products 国有企业 state-owned enterprises(SOEs)集体企业 collectively-owned(partnership)enterprises 私营企业 private businesses 民营企业 privately-run businesses 中小企业 small-and-medium-sized enterprises 三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资）overseas-invested enterprises;foreign-invested enterprises(Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned enterprises)存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits

货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation 吸收游资 absorb idle fund

第二篇：口笔译分类词汇(上)!!社会,经贸,政治,环境,金融,文化,宗教,科技,体育,谚语

口译笔译分类词汇（01）--社会发展词汇

211工程 211 Project 安居工程 housing project for low-income families 安居小区 a neighborhood for low-income families 保障妇女就业权利to guarantee women’s right to employment

关心和支持残疾人事业 Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our care and support.关心老龄人 care for senior citizens.贵族学校 exclusive school（美）;select school（英）

国企下岗职工基本生活保障 guarantee of basic cost of living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises 过紧日子 tighten one’s belt

坚持正确的舆论导向 maintain the correct orientation for public opinion 建立集体合同制度to establish a group contract system 建立市场导向的就业机制to establish a market-oriented employment mechanism 建立新型的劳动关系to establish a new type of labor relations 建设廉洁、勤政、务实、高效政府 build a clean and diligent, pragmatic and efficient government 建设一个富强、民主、文明的国家 build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country 教育程度 educational status;education received 教育程度比率 educational attainment ratio 戒毒所 drug rehabilitation center 精算界 actuarial profession 精算师 actuaries 扩大就业和再就业to expand employment and reemployment 劳动保障监察制度the labor security supervision system 劳动标准体系labor standard system 劳动争议处理体制the system of handling labor disputes 面临困境 face adverse conditions 努力稳定低生育水平work to stabilize the low birth rate 培养创新精神和实践能力 help them develop practical abilities and a spirit of innovation 破案率 rate of solved criminal cases 强制性普及方案 universally compulsory program 切实减轻中小学生过重的课业负担 effectively reduce too heavy homework assignments for primary and secondary school students 确保国有企业下岗职工基本生活费和离退休人员基本养老金按时足额发放to ensure that subsistence allowances for laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and basic pensions for retirees are paid on time and in full 人口出生率 birth rate 人口老龄化 aging of population 人口增长的高峰期 baby boom 人口增长与社会经济发展相协调 try to keep population growth in line with social and economic development 人民生活水平quality of life;the living standards 认真贯彻实施中国妇女、儿童发展纲要 The programs for the development of work concerning women and children should be earnestly implemented.弱势群体disadvantaged groups 扫除青壮年文盲 eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people 伤残保险 disability insurance 社会保障 social security 社会保障―三条保障线‖制度 social security system of ―three guarantees‖ 社会福利制度the social welfare system 社会公德 social morality 社会互助制度the social mutual help system 社会治安状况好转 see an improved law-and-order situation 深入扎实地开展群众性精神文明创建活动 Extensive public participation activities are launched to promote cultural and ethical progress.生活待遇 material amenities 生活费收入 income available for cost of living 生活费用 cost of living;income maintenance;subsistence cost 生育保险制度the childbirth insurance system 失学儿童 dropouts 失业保险 guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits 失业保险 unemployment insurance 失业保险制度the unemployment insurance system 失业率 rate of unemployment 实施积极促进就业的政策to implement the policy of vigorously increasing employment 实现基本普及九年义务教育 The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained.实现小康目标 attain the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life 实行弹性大、灵活性强、多样化的就业形式to adopt elastic, flexible, diversified forms of employment 实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质 promote family planning and control the population size and improve the health of the people 实行劳动合同制度to institute a labor contract system 树立正确的价值观、世界观、人生观 help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 思想道德建设（思想政治工作）moral education among people 提高部分优抚对象抚恤标准 Allowances for certain disabled service men and women and family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased.提高劳动者素质to enhance workers’ quality

口译笔译分类词汇（02）--外经贸类词汇

企业的自我约束机制 self-regulating mechanism of enterprises 企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises 企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses 企业所得税corporate income tax 千年问题、千年虫millennium bug 抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities 清理、修订screen and modify 求同存异 overcome differences and seek common ground 商住和公益设施建设 commercial, residential and public utility construction 申报制度reporting system;income declaration system 实行股份制enforce stockholding system 实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts 市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA： Administrative Aspects of Market Access 适销对路的产品readily marketable products 双重轨制 two-tier system / double-track system 水利 water conservation 所有制形式forms of ownership 贪图安逸crave comfort and pleasure 通货紧缩deflation 通货膨胀inflation 同步增长increase in the same pace 外援方式modality of foreign aid 无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator 无纸交易paperless transaction 现代企业制度modern corporate system 消费膨胀inflated consumption 协议投标negotiated bidding 信息化informationize 形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 亚欧会议ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting 亚太法定计量论坛APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum 亚太工商咨询理事会ABAC： APEC Business Advisory Council 亚太计量程序APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program 亚太经合组织部长级会AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting 亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM： APEC Economic Leaders Meeting 亚太经济合作组织APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太能源研究中心APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center 亚太商业论坛ABF：APEC Business Forum 亚太商业网络APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network 亚太实验室认可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation 亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System 亚太信息基础设施APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure 亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises 亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank 以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis 营业税turnover tax 在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership 债转股debt-to-equity swap 中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C.on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan 中介服务组织intermediary service organization 注入新的生机与活力 bring new vigor and vitality into 转化经营机制change the method of operation 资本项目capital account 自1999年1月1日起实行come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999 自由浮动汇率free floating exchange rate;variable exchange rate 自主经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses 走上良性发展的轨道 going on the track of sound progress shipping service company 船务公司 generic products非商标(非专利)产品 prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策 deficit spending 超前消费 run on banks(到银行)挤兑

domestic support to agriculture 对农业的国内支持 special bonds特种债券

economy of abundance富裕经济 Animal-based protein动物源性蛋白

dual purpose exports 军民两用品出口

dual-use goods and technology 军民两用产品和技术 NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区 global quota全球配额

grandfather clause祖父条款

Animal-derived food 动物源食品 EVSL(Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部门提前自愿自由化

TILF(Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易和投资自由化和便利化常见缩略：

C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价 T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇

DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打

PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等 WT(weight)重量 G.W.(gross weight)毛重 N.W.(net weight)净重

(customs declaration)报关单 EA(each)每个，各 W(with)具有 w/o(without)没有 FAC(facsimile)传真 IMP(import)进口 EXP（export）出口

MAX(maximum)最大的、最大限度的 MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度 M 或MED(medium)中等，中级的 M/V（merchant vessel）商船 S.S(steamship)船运

MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨 DOC(document)文件、单据 INT（international）国际的

P/L(packing list)装箱单、明细表 INV(invoice)发票

PCT(percent)百分比

PUR(purchase)购买、购货

S/C（sales contract）销售确认书 L/C（letter of credit）信用证 B/L（bill of lading）提单 FOB（free on board）离岸价

CIF（cost,insurance&freight）成本、保险加运费价 GMO(genetically modified organism)转基因组织 CAGA(compound annual growth average)年复合增长率

口译笔译分类词汇（03）--改革开放词汇

保险业 The insurance industry 保证重点支出 Ensure funding for priority areas 被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business 补发拖欠的养老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears 不良贷款 Non—performing loan 层层转包和违法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 产值 output value 城乡信用社 Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas 城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents 城镇职工医疗保险制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers 抽样调查 data from the sample survey 出口信贷 Export credit 初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.贷款质量 Loan quality 贷款质量五级分类办法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry 第一产业 primary industry 独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 发电量 electric energy production 发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 发展过快 excessive growth 防范和化解金融风险 Take precautions against and reduce financial risks 防洪工程 Flood-prevention project 非法外汇交易 Illegal foreign exchange transaction 非公有成分 non-public sectors 非贸易收汇 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels 非银行金融机构 Non-bank financial institutions 费改税 Transform administrative fees into taxes 分配形式 forms of distribution 风险资金 risk funds 副业 sideline production 改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。Reform is “the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system.” 改革重点转移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 改善经济环境 improve economic environment 搞活企业 invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate enterprises 各尽所能，按劳/需分配。from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.跟踪审计 Follow-up auditing 工程监理制度 The monitoring system for projects 公有制 public ownership 鼓励 give incentive to 管理不善 poor management 国际收支 international balance of payments 国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product)国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people;it is the leading force in the national economy.国有资产安全 The safety of state-owned assets 过度开垦 Excess reclamation 合同管理制度 The contract system for governing projects 合资企业 joint venture 合作企业 cooperative enterprise 和平演变 peaceful evolution 宏观控制 exercise macro-control 机电产品 Electromechanical products 积极的财政政策 Pro-active fiscal policy 基本生活费 Basic allowances 基石 cornerstone 计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 结售汇制度 The system of exchange settlement and sales 解除劳动关系 Sever labor relations

解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 金融监管责任制 The responsibility system for financial supervision 经济安全 Economic security 经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages 经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 经济结构改革。reform in economic structure 经营机制 operative mechanism 精华、精粹、实质 quintessence 举措 move 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设 To increase the deficit to spend more on development 扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)扩大国内需求 The expansion of domestic demand 拉动经济增长 Fuel economic growth 厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste 粮食仓库 Grain depot 粮食收储企业 Grain Collection and storage enterprise 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 Closed operation of grain purchase funds 粮食销售市场 Grain sales market 劣质工程 Shoddy engineering 林业 forestry 零售 retail 流通制度 circulation system 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 农业 farming 骗汇、逃汇、套汇 Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 取消国家对农产品的统购统销 to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 全体会议 plenary session 人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP 人均收入 per capita income 融资渠道 Financing channels 善于接受的 receptive 商品经济 commodity economy 商业信贷原则 The principles for commercial credit 社会保险机构 Social security institution 社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership 社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.生产关系 relations of production 生产力 productive forces 生产资料 means of production 生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence 剩余劳动力。surplus labor 失业保险金 Unemployment insurance benefits 实际增长率 actual growth rate 实事求是 seek truth from facts 实在的 tangible 使负担 be saddled with 试一下 have a go(at sth.)输入活力 bring vigor into 私有制 private ownership 随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 Tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal pay taxes 投入 input 外汇收支 Foreign exchange revenue and spending 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。The criterion for our judgment is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.畜牧业 animal husbandry 要人们警惕右和“左”的影响，特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the “Left” deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted “Left” influence.一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points 以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放 the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principlesand persisting in reform and opening.引进、输入 importation 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 营业发达的公司 going concerns 优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure 有色金属 nonferrous metals 有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation 渔业 fishing 增额、增值、增长 increment 整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order 中国要警惕右，但更要防“左”。China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the “Left” deviation.逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.主要成分 dominant sector 资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.总工资 total wages

口译笔译分类词汇（04）--政治政府词汇

干法旋窑水泥dry-process rotary kilns

高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻'三个代表'重要思想hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of 'Three Represents' 高清晰度电视功能样机 functional prototype of high definition TV 个人所得税法 the Law on Personal Income Tax 个体经济、私营经济 self-employed and private businesses 各地区经济发展的客观需要 the needs of the economic development of different regions 各级各类教育 all forms of education at all levels

各种―小金库‖屡禁不止 failures to prohibit unauthorized departmental coffers repeatedly 各种偷税、骗税和逃税行为 all acts of tax evasion and tax fraud 工程监理制 project supervision system 工程质量事故 accidents resulting from poor quality of projects 工业增加值 industrial added value 公开市场操作 open-market operations 共建、调整、合作、合并 a program of joint development, adjustment, cooperation and mergers 购买力 purchasing power 鼓励兼并 encourage mergers 关心群众疾苦 help alleviate their hardships 规范管理 standardized administration 规范化的财政管理 standardized financial management 规范破产 standardize bankruptcy procedures 规范税制 standardize the tax system 国际公认 internationally recognized 国际通行的吸引外资方式 internationally accepted methods of absorbing foreign investment 国家财政包揽过多 The state finance takes on too much financial burden.国家发展计划委员会the State Development Planning Commission 国家确定的重点领域投资 investment in the key areas designated by the state 国家税源的大量流失 great loss of state revenue 国家重点科研项目 national key scientific research projects 国库券 treasury bonds 国民经济各方面 all sectors of the national economy 国民生产总值 gross national product(GNP)国内短缺原材料和资源性产品 raw and semi-finished materials and resource products which are in short supply in China 国有独资商业银行 wholly state-funded commercial bank 国有企业改革reform of state-owned enterprises 国有企业和集体企业资本金统计报告制度 a system for reporting statistics on the capital funds of state-owned and collectively-owned enterprises 国有企业重组 regroup SOEs 国有商业银行一级法人管理 management of the state-owned commercial banks with only their head offices as their legal persons 国有资产管理、监督和营运机制 management, supervision and operation of state-owned assets 国有资源有偿使用 paid use of state-owned resources 国债资金 the capital obtained from issuance of government bonds 过剩的生产能力 excessive production capacity 海峡两岸关系 cross-Strait relations 合同管理制 contract management system 黑市交易 black market transaction in foreign exchanges 很多上海企业涌向西部，掀起了去西部的淘金热。Many enterprises of Shanghai go on a 'gold-rush' spree in the western parts of China.宏观调控目标 macro-control targets 宏观经济预期目标 macroeconomic targets 会计法 the Accounting Law 会计信息质量抽查公告制度 the system for publicizing the results of random inspections for the quality of accounting information 积极的财政政策 a proactive fiscal policy 基本养老保险省级统筹 unified basic old-age insurance at the provincial level 基层监督grass-roots supervision 基础设施建设 construction of infrastructural facilities 缉私 suppress smuggling 稽察特派员 special inspectors 及时、足额发放 timely and full funding of pension 急需安排的重点支出 urgently needed expenditures for key construction projects 挤占、挪用财政投资 misappropriation or diversion of financial investment 技术密集型产业 technology-intensive industries 加大处罚力度 severely punish those who violate the law and discipline 加大宏观调控力度 tighten macro-control 加大转移支付力度 increase transfer payments 加工贸易 trade involving the processing of supplied raw materials 加快经济结构调整 accelerate economic restructuring 加强军队和政权建设 strengthen army building and the organs of political power 加强征管、堵塞漏洞、惩治腐败、清缴欠税‖的方针the principle of ―tightening collection and management, plugging up loopholes, punishing corruption and clearing up overdue taxes‖ 价格法 the Price Law 价格歧视 price discrimination 坚持解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，弘扬与时俱进的精神adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with time.坚定信心 proceed with confidence 坚决不搞重复建设 prohibit redundant projects 坚决杜绝劣质工程 prohibit inferior projects 艰苦奋斗、勤俭建国 hard work, plain living and building up the country through thrift 减轻企业负担 lighten the burden on enterprises 减人增效 increase efficiency by downsizing payrolls 减少福利型、供给型、实物型分配reduce distribution in the form of welfare, supply and kind 减员增效 downsize staffs and improve efficiency 剪彩仪式ribbon-cutting ceremonies 建立公共财政的基本框架 establish the basic framework for a system of public finance 建设文明幸福家庭 the development of civilized and happy families 健全项目法人责任制 the system of holding the legal person responsible for projects 讲排场、摆阔气、比享受 ostentatious behavior and pleasure-seeking 降低银行存贷款利率 lower bank interest rates for savings deposits and loans, 节能、节水、节地和低污染新型材料new building materials that help to save energy, water and land resources and cause less environmental pollution 金融体制改革 reform of the financial system 金融资产管理公司 financial asset management companies 进出口商品结构 pattern of imports and exports 经济不发达地区 economically underdeveloped areas 经济发展后劲 future economic growth 经济房 low-cost housing 经营收费 operating charges 精打细算 meticulous plan all expenditures 精心设计 meticulous design 九届全国人大四次会议the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress 九届全国政协常委递补委员 by-elect members to the Standing Committee of the Ninth CPPCC National Committee 就业问题 the problem of employment 具有税收性质的政府性基金或专项性收费 government funds and special charges of a tax nature 绝不能花钱大手大脚 absolutely cannot spend money lavishly 军队、武警部队、政法机关与企业脱钩the army, armed police and procuratorial, judicial and public security organs have severed their ties with enterprises 开拓城乡市场 develop urban and rural markets 开拓农村消费市场 develop consumer markets in rural areas 抗洪救灾 fight floods and provide disaster relief 科技成果转化 the commercialization of research findings

科技发展基金 a science and technology development fund 科教兴国战略 the strategy of invigorating China through the development of science and education 科学技术进步 scientific and technological progress 科学论证 scientific verification 科学有效的收入组织机制 a scientific and effective mechanism for collecting revenue 可持续发展战略 the strategy of sustainable development 可支配收入 disposable income 肯定成绩 affirm our achievements 控制在国民经济可以承受的范围之内 keep within the limits of the national economic strength 跨省区分行trans-provincial or trans-regional branches 亏损企业 loss-generating enterprises 扩大内需，刺激消费 expand/ increase domestic demand and stimulate consumption 扩大住房贷款，助学贷款和大件消费品贷款expand housing loans, student loans and major commodity loans 拉动经济增长stimulate economic growth 来之不易hard-won achievements 浪费资源 resource-wasting 劳动力市场 the labor market 劳动者素质的提高 improve the quality of laborers 老工业基地 old industrial bases 离退休人员基本养老金 basic pensions for retirees 离退休人员养老金 pensions to retired employees 理顺税、费、价三者关系 straighten out the relationships among taxes, charges and prices 厉行节约 practice economy 粮食流通体制改革 reform of the grain distribution system 粮食市场的宏观调控能力 the state’s capacity for macro-control of the grain market 粮食政策性补贴 policy-related grain subsidies 两大历史性课题（提高党的执政能力和领导水平、提高拒腐防变和抵御风险能力）the two major historic subjects of enhancing the abilities of administration and art of leadership and resisting corruption, guarding against degeneration and warding off risks.林区 forested areas 零基预算制度 a zero-base budgeting system 漏征漏管户 tax dodgers 面对严峻挑战 meet the serious challenge 民族地区 regions inhabited by ethnic groups 名优产品 famous brand high-quality products 牟取暴利price hikes for exorbitant profits 国家预算annual State budge 农村电网改造projects to upgrade rural power grids 农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural workers 起草社会治安法drafting a social security law 全国人大常务委员会 the NPC Standing Committee 全国人大代表deputy to the National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会(简称全国人大)National People's Congress(NPC)全国人民代表大会常务委员会 the NPC Standing Committee 全国人民代表大会常务委员会办公厅the general offices of the NPC Standing Committee 全国人民代表大会主席团 the NPC Presidium 全国政协委员 member of the national committee of CPPCC 全面推进党的建设的新的伟大工程forge ahead with the new great project of Party building 全体会议plenary meeting 权贵资本主义'(又译裙带资本主义或亲朋好友资本主义)crony capitalism 人均国内生产总值per-capita gross domestic product(GDP)弱势群体 disadvantaged groups(对弱势群体给予特殊的就业援助。--Special employment assistance should be given to members of disadvantaged groups.)三个代表 three represents theory(the Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.)三讲教育：讲学习，讲政治，讲正气three emphases education(to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct)三峡工程Three-Gorges Project 三峡移民Migrants from Three Gorges area 生计问题 bread-and butter issue 生态建筑 ecological construction 使大多数亏损企业扭亏为盈 bring the majority of money-losing firms into the black 试点项目 pilot project 特困行业和企业industries and enterprises in dire straits 退耕还林、还草工程Grain for Green Project 网络公司 a web-based economy 西部大开发the strategy of developing the western region 西电东送 transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region 下岗工人基本生活津贴the basic living allowance for laid-off workers 下岗职工基本生活费subsistence allowances for laid-off workers 现代远程教育modern distance education 宪法修正案 amendments to the Constitution 乡镇企业 township enterprises 小组讨论 panel discussions/group discussions 新闻发布会 press conference 医保制度改革Reform of medical insurance system 医疗改革 health care reform 隐形就业 hidden employment 有中国特色的社会主义民主政治socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics 与时俱进 advance with the times 再就业下岗人员re-employment of laid-off workers 增收节支increase revenue and cut government expenditure 债转股 debt-to-equity swap 政府工作报告government's work report 政府机构改革Reform of government institutions 制定反贪法规anti-corruption legislation 中共中央委员会CPC Central Committee 中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会 16th National Congress of Communist Party of China(16th NCCPC)中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会（简称全国政协）National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会 Standing committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC 中国政协委员 member of the National Committee of CPPCC 中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 重庆（直辖）市 China's Chongqing Municipality 诸国议会同盟Inter-Parliamentary Union(IPU)资源丰富的内陆地区（指中国西部）the resource-rich hinterland 综合国力 overall national streng Chinese Governmental Sections after the Adminitrative Transformation

1、外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs

2、国防部 Ministry of National Defence

3、国家发展计划委员会 State Development Planning Commission

4、国家经济计划委员会 State Economy and Trade Commission

5、教育部 Ministry of Education

全国高考 the National College Entrance Examination

6、科学技术部 Ministry of Science and Technology

7、国防科学技术工业委员会 Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence

8、国家民族事务委员会 State Ethnic Affairs Commission

9、公安部 Ministry of Public Security

10、国家安全部 Ministry of State Security

11、监察部 Ministry of Supervision

12、民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs

13、司法部 Ministry of Justice

14、财政部 Ministry of Finance

15、人事部 Ministry of Personnel

16、劳动和社会保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security

17、国土资源部 Ministry of Land and Resources

18、建设部 Ministry of Construction

19、铁道部 Ministry of Railways

20、交通部 Ministry of Communications

21、信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry

22、水利部 Ministry of Water Resources

23、农业部 Ministry of Agricultry

24、对外贸易经济合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

25、文化部 Ministry of Culture

26、卫生部 Ministry of Health

27、国家计划生育委员会 State Family Planning Commission

28、中国人民银行 The People's Bank of China

29、审计署 National Auditing Administration

口译笔译分类词汇（05）--环境保护词汇

改善人类居住环境最佳范例奖 Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement 人与生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere(MAB)Programme(UNESCO)中国21世纪议程 China’s Agenda 21

坚持环境保护基本国策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 推行可持续发展战略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development 贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的方针 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection(the ―three synchronizes‖ principle)促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变 promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth 实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统一 bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection 中国环保基本政策 the basic policies of China’s environmental protection

预防为主、防治结合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control 污染者负担的政策 ―the-polluters-pay‖ policy

强化环境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management 一控双达标政策 policy of ―One Order, Two Goals‖: ―一控‖：12种工业污染物的排放量控制在国家规定的排放总量 The total discharge of 12 industrial pollutants in China by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total amount mandated by the central government.;―双达标‖： 1.到2000年底，全国所有的工业污染源要达到国家或地方规定的污染物排放标准 The discharge of industrial pollutants should meet both national and local standards by the end of 2000.2.到2000年底，47个重点城市的空气和地面水达到国家规定的环境质量标准 2.Air and surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 major cities should meet related national standards by the end of 2000.对新项目实行环境影响评估 conduct environmental impact assessments(EIA)on start-up projects 提高全民环保意识 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 查处违反环保法规案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection 环保执法检查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection 限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time 中国已加入的国际公约 international conventions into which China has accessed

保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业资源 protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource 绿化祖国 turn the country green 全民义务植树日 National Tree-Planting Day 造林工程 afforestation project 绿化面积 afforested areas;greening space 森林覆盖率 forest coverage 防风林 wind breaks（防沙林 sand breaks）速生林 fast-growing tree

电动汽车 cell-driven vehicles;battery cars 氯氟烃 CFCs 温室效应 greenhouse effect 厄尔尼诺南徊 ENSO(El Nino Southern Oscillation)噪音 noise（分贝 db;decibel）

英语―气象‖用语表达法

1、气候种类

3、风的名称

温带沙漠气候 temperate desert climate 间歇雨 intermittent rain 无风 calm 温带干燥气候 temperate arid climate 大雨 heavy rain 轻风 light breeze 热带季风气候 tropical monsson climate 信风 trade wind 微风 gentle breeze 大陆气候 continental climate 天气预报 weather forecast 和风 moderate breeze 沙漠气候 desert climate 甘霖 welcome rain 清风 fresh breeze 沿海气候 coastal climate 冰柱 icicle 强风 strong breeze 高地气候海洋气候森林气候温带气候 highland climate 西北风 northwester 疾风 near gale marine climate 地形雨 local rains 大风 gale forest climate 狂风 squall 烈风 strong gale temperate climate 雨季 rainy season 狂风 storm 湿润气候 humid climate 雨点 raindrops 暴风 violent storm 温带草原气候 temperate grassy climate 东北信风 northeast trades 飓风 hurricane 热带雨林气候 tropical rainy climate 东南风 southeaster 台风 typhoon 热带海洋气候 tropical marine climate 风级 wind scale 龙卷风 tornado

2、气象用语虹 rainbow

3、自然灾害

口译笔译分类词汇（06）--机关机构词汇

部属机构属译名（以化学工业为例）化学工业部 Ministry of Chemical Industry 办公厅 General Office 计划司 Planning Department 外事司 Foreign Affairs Department 人事司 Personnel Department 化工新材料局 New Chemical Material Department 化工司 Chemical Department 橡胶司 Rubber Department 炼化司 Department of Refining and Chemicals 矿山司 Chemical Mines Bureau 化工规划院 Chemical Planning Institute 设备总公司 Equipment General Corporation 基建局 Capital Construction Department 教育司 Education Department 化肥司 Chemical Fertilizer Department 供销局 Department of Supply and Sales 市属机械译名（以北京市为例）

北京市人大常委会 Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress 中国共产党北京市委员会Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPC 中国人民政治协商会议北京市委员会Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPPCC 北京市人民政府 Beijing Municipal People's Government 高级人民法院 High People's Court 人民检察院 People's Procuratorate 外事办公室 Foreign Affairs Office 侨务办公室 Overseas Chinese Affairs Office 财贸办公室 Office of Finance and Trade 文教办公室 Office of Culture and Education 计划委员会 Planning Committee 经济委员会 Economic Committee 城乡建设委员会 Committee of Municipal and Rural Construction 科学技术委员会 Committee of Science and Technology 城市规划委员会 Committee of Municipal Design 对外经贸委员会 Committee of Economic Trade for Foreign Countries 市政管理委员会 Municipal Administration Committee 民族委员会 Nationalities Committee 体育委员会 Physical Culture and Sports Committee 计划生育委员会 Family Planning Committee 人事局 Personnel Bureau 科技干部管理局 Bureau of Scientific and Technical Personnel 老干部局 Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres 统计局 Statistical Bureau 物价局 Bureau of Commodity Price 工商行政管理局 Administration Bureau for Industry and Commerce 商品检验局 Bureau for Inspection of Commodities 审计局 Auditing Bureau 财政局 Finance Bureau 税务局 Tax Bureau 劳动局 Labor Bureau 档案局 Archives Bureau 物资管理局 Bureau of Materials 标准计量局 Bureau of Standard Measurement 公用局 Bureau if Public Utilities 广播电视局 Bureau of Radio and Television 教育委员会 Education Committee 文化局 Bureau of Culture 文物事业管理局 Bureau of Cultural Relics 卫生局 Health Bureau 乡镇企业管理局 Bureau if Township Enterprise Management 地质矿产局 Bureau of Geology and mineral Resources 农业局 Agricultural Bureau 林业局 Forestry Bureau 水产局 Bureau of Aquatic Products 气象局 Meteorological Bureau 水资源管理局 Control Bureau of Water Resources 园林局 Bureau of Parks and Woods 环境保护局 Bureau for Environmental Protection 环境卫生管理局 Bureau for Environmental Health 商业委员会 Commerce Committee 粮食局 Food Bureau 房地产管理局 Real Estate Bureau 城市规划管理局 Bureau for Municipal Design 机械设备成套局 Bureau for Complete Plants of Machinery and Equipment 公安局 Public Security Bureau 安全局 Security Bureau 司法局 Justice Bureau 民政局 Bureau of Civil Affairs 劳改工作管理局 Bureau of Reform-through-Labor Work 旅游局 Travel Bureau/Tourism Administration 铁路局 Railways Bureau 邮政局 Post Bureau 电信局 Telecommunications Bureau 北京民航管理局 Beijing Bureau of Civil Aviation 北京海关 Beijing Customs 外交人员服务局 Service Bureau for Foreign Officials 首都钢铁公司 Capital Iron and Steel Company 燕山石化总公司 Yanshan Petro-Chemical Industry Corporation 企业

半导体器械厂 Semi-Conductor Apparatus Plant 包装材料厂 Packaging Materials Plant 保温瓶厂 Thermos Flask Factory 炼钢厂 Steel Works 被单厂 Bed sheet Factory 变压器厂 Transformer factory 玻璃制品厂 Glassware Factory 茶厂 Tea Processing Factory 柴油机厂 Diesel Engine Plant 车辆制造厂 Railway Car Plant 船舶修造厂 Ship Repair Yard 灯具厂 Lighting Equipment Factory 低压开关厂 Low-Voltage Switch Factory 汽车制造厂 Automobile Works 发电厂 Power Plant 电动工具厂 Electric Tool Works 电机厂 Electrical Machinery Plant 电讯器材厂 Telecommunication Apparatus Factory 电子管厂 Electronic Tube Factory 电子设备厂 Electronic Equipment Factory 铸造厂 Foundry Works 纺织机械厂 Textile Machinery Plant 服装厂 Garment Factory 皮革制品厂 Leather Goods Factory 罐头食品厂 Canned Food Plant 光学仪器厂 Optical Instrument Factory 广播器材厂 Broadcasting Equipment Factory 锅炉厂 Boiler Factory 化肥厂 Chemical Fertilizer Plant 化工厂 Chemical Works 化学纤维厂 Chemical Fiber Plant 化妆品厂 Cosmetics Plant 机床厂 Machine Tools Plant 机械修理厂 Machine Repair Plant 建筑机械厂 Construction Machinery Plant 金属工艺制品厂 Metal Handicraft Plant 晶体管厂 Transistor Factory 绝缘材料厂 Insulating Materials Plant 民族乐器厂 Folk Music Instrument Factory 炼油厂 Oil Refinery 粮油加工厂 Grain and Cooking Oil Processing Factory 毛纺织厂 Woolen Mill 木材厂 Timber Mill 家具厂 Furniture Factory 农药厂 Insecticide Factory 啤酒厂 Beer Brewery 汽车修配厂 Motor-Car Repair and Assembly Plant 人造纤维厂 Artificial Fiber Plant 乳品加工厂 Milk Processing Plant 石油化工机械厂 Petro-Chemical Machinery Plant 水泥厂 Cement Plant 塑料厂 Plastics Plant 搪瓷厂 Enamel Plant 陶瓷厂 Pottery and porcelain Factory 通用机械厂 General Machinery Plant 玩具厂 Toy Factory 无线电器材厂 Radio Appliances Factory 五金厂 Hardware Factory 橡胶厂 Rubber Plant 制药厂 Pharmaceutical Factory 羊毛衫厂 Woolen Sweater Mill 针织厂 Knitwear Mill 冶炼厂 Metallurgical Plant 医疗器械厂 Medical Apparatus Factory 仪表厂 Instrument and Meters Factory 饮料厂 Soft Drinks Plant 印染厂 Printing and Dyeing Mill 油漆厂 Paint Factory 有机化工厂 Organic Chemical Plant 造纸机械厂 Paper Making Machinery Plant 造船厂 Shipbuilding Plant 自行车厂 Bicycle Plant 公司、企业集团

测绘学会 Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 地震学会 Seismological Society 国际金融学会 International Finance Society 国际战略问题学会 Institute for International Strategic Studies 海洋学会 Society of Oceanography 科普学会 Popular Science Society 全国少年儿童文化艺术委员会 National Council on Cultural and Art Work for Children 全国少年儿童工作协调委员会 National Children’s Work Coordination Committee 全国史学会 China Society of History 宋庆龄基金会（上海）Song Ching Ling Foundation(Shanghai)中国奥林匹克委员会 Chinese Olympic Committee 中国笔会中心 Chinese Pen Center 中国标准化协会 China Association for Standardization 中国残疾人福利基金会 China Welfare Fund for the Handicapped 中国出版协会 Chinese Publishers Association 中国道教协会 Chinese Taoist Association 中国电视艺术家协会 Chinese Television Artists Association 中国电影家协会 China Film Association 中国法律质询中心 Chinese Legal Consultancy Center 中国法律会 China Law Society 中国翻译工作者协会 Translators Association of China 中国佛教协会 Chinese Buddhists Association 中国福利会 China Welfare Institute 中国歌剧研究会 Chinese Opera Research Institute 中国共产主义青年团 Communist Youth League of China 中国国际法学会 Chinese Society of International Law 中国国际交流协会 Association for International Understanding of China 中国红十字会总会 Red Cross Society of China 中国会计学会 China Accounting Society 中国基督教―三自‖爱国运动委员会 Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee of the Protestant Churches of China 中国基督教协会 China Christian Council 中国计量测试学会 Chinese Society for Measurement 中国金融学会 Chinese Monetary Society 中国考古协会 Archaeological Society of China 中国科学技术史学会 Chinese Society of Science and Technology History 中国科学技术协会 China Society and Technology Association 中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会 National Commission of The People’s Republic of China for UNESCO 中国联合国协会 United Nations Association of the People’s Republic of China 中国美术家协会 Chinese Artists Association 中国民间文艺家协会 China Society for the Study of Folk Literature and Art 中国企业管理协会 China Enterprise Management Association 中国曲艺家协会 Chinese Ballad Singers Association 中国人民保卫儿童基金会 Chinese People’s National Committee for Defense of Children 中国人民对外友好协会 Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries 中国少年儿童基金会 Children’s Foundation of China 中国少年先锋队 China Young Pioneers 中国摄影家协会 Chinese Photographers Society 中国书法家协会 Chinese Calligraphers Association 中国天主教爱国会 Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association 中国天主教教务委员会 National Administrative Commission of the Chinese Catholic Church 中国天主教主教团 Chinese Catholic Bishops College 中国文学艺术界联合会 China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中国舞蹈家协会 Chinese Dancers Association 中国戏剧家协会 Chinese Dramatists Association 中国伊斯兰教协会 Chinese Islamic Association 中国音乐家协会 Chinese Musicians Association 中国杂技艺术家协会 Chinese Acrobats Association 中国政法学会 China Society of Political Science and Law 中国作家协会 Chinese Writers Association 中化全国妇女联合会 All-China Women’s Federation

中华全国工商联合会 All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce 中华全国归国华侨联合会 All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中华全国青年联合会 All-China Youth Federation 中华全国世界语联合会 All-China Esperanto League 中华全国台湾同胞联谊会 All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots 中华全国体育总会 All-China Sports Federation 中华全国新闻工作者协会 All-China Journalists’ Association 中华全国总工会 All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中华医学会 Chinese Medical Association 国家机关China's State Organs 1.全国人民代表大会 National People's Congress(NPC)主席团 Presidium 常务委员会 Standing Committee 办公厅General Office 秘书处Secretariat 代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee 提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee 民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee 法律委员会Law Committee 财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee 外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee 教育、科学、文化和卫生委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 法制工作委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs 特定问题调查委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions 宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution 2.中华人民共和国主席 [President of the People's Republic of China] 3.中央军事委员会 [Central Military Commission] 4.最高人民法院 [Supreme People's Court] 5.最高人民检察院 [Supreme People's Procuratorate] 6.国务院 [State Council](1)国务院部委 Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 国防部Ministry of National Defence 国家发展计划委员会State Development Planning Commission 国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 教育部Ministry of Education 科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology 国防科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence 国家民族事物委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 公安部Ministry of Public Security 国家安全部Ministry of State Security 监察部Ministry of Supervision 民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs 司法部Ministry of Justice 财政部Ministry of Finance 人事部Ministry of Personnel 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security 国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources 建设部Ministry of Construction 铁道部Ministry of Railways 交通部Ministry of Communications 信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry 水利部Ministry of Water Resources 农业部Ministry of Agriculture 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture 卫生部Ministry of Public Health 国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission 中国人民银行People's Bank of China 国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构 Offices under the State Council 国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council 侨务办公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs 港澳台办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office 台湾事务办公室Taiwan Affairs Office 法制办公室Office of Legislative Affairs 经济体制改革办公室Office for Economic Restructuring 国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council 新闻办公室Information Office 公司部门的英文标识名称总公司 Head Office 分公司 Branch Office 营业部 Business Office 人事部 Personnel Department 人力资源部Human Resources Department 总务部 General Affairs Department 财务部 General Accounting Department 销售部 Sales Department 促销部 Sales Promotion Department 国际部 International Department 出口部 Export Department 进口部 Import Department 公共关系 Public Relations Department 广告部 Advertising Department 企划部 Planning Department 产品开发部 Product Development Department 研发部 Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室 Secretarial Pool

口译笔译分类词汇（07）--世贸组织词汇

（补贴协议）可诉补贴Actionable subsidy(纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程Integration process（服务贸易）境外消费Consumption abroad（服务贸易）跨境交付Cross border supply（服务贸易）商业存在Commercial presence(服务贸易)自然人 natural person(服务贸易)自然人流动Presence of natural person(解决争端)被诉方Defendant（解决争端）调查结果Findings(解决争端)上诉Appeal(解决争端)申诉方Complaint(利益的)丧失和减损Nullification and impairment(农产品)国内支持Domestic support（农产品）综合支持量AMS(Aggregate Measurement of Support)（农产品国内支持）黄箱措施Amber Box measures（农产品国内支持）蓝箱措施BOP(Balance-of-payments)Provisions（农产品国内支持）绿箱措施Green Box measures(农业)多功能性 Multifunctionality（欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy(争端解决)专家组Panel（知识产权）地理标识Geographical indications 《巴黎公约》(关于保护工业知识产权的公约)Paris Convention 《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）Basel Convention 《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement)《濒危物种国际贸易公约》Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）Berne Convention 《多种纤维协定》MFA(Multifibre Agreement)《纺织品与服装协议》ATC(Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)

《服务贸易总协定》GATS(General Agreement on Trade in Services)《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)《京都议定书》 Kyoto Protocol 《里斯本条约》（有关地理标识及其国际注册）Lisbon Agreement 《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关保护大气臭氧层的多边环境协定)Montreal Protocol 《农产品协议》特殊保障SSG(Special Safeguard)《农业协议》中关于反补贴的和平条款Peace clause 《生物多样性公约》CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity)

《信息技术协议》ITA(Information Technology Agreement)WTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM(WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)北美自由贸易区 NAFTA(North American Free Trade Area)采取措施后Ex post 采取措施前Ex ante 产品生命周期分析LCA(Life Cycle Analysis)出口补贴Export subsidy 出口实绩Export performance 垂直兼并 vertical merger 当地含量Local content 电子商务 Electronic Commerce 东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA(Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area 动植物卫生检疫措施SPS(Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard)反补贴税Countervailing duty 反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against… 反向通知Counter-notification 非配额产品 quota-free products 非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment 关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)规避Circumvention 国际标准化组织ISO(International Organization for Standardization)国际纺织品服装局ITCB(International Textile and Clothing Bureau)国际货币基金组织IMF(International Monetary Fund)国际劳工组织ILO(International Labor Organization)国际贸易中心ITC(International Trade Center)国际贸易组织ITO(International Trade Organization)

国际贸易组织临时委员会ICITO(Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization)国际清算 international settlement 国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment 国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments)Provisions 国际兽疫组织International Office of Epizootics 国民待遇National treatment 国内补贴Domestic subsidy 国内生产Domestic production 海关估价Customs valuation 海关完税价值Customs value 横向兼并 horizontal merger 环保型技术EST(Environmentally-sound technology)灰色区域措施Grey area measures 货币留成制度Currency retention scheme 货币贸易理事会CTG(Council for Trade in Goods)基础税率Base tariff level 既定日程Built-in agenda 交叉报复Cross retaliation 进口差价税Import variable duties 进口附加税Import surcharge 进口环节税 import linkage tax 进口渗透Import penetration 进口替代Import substitution 进口许可Import licensing 进口押金Import deposits 经济合作与发展组织OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)垃圾融资 junk financing 联合国环境署UNEP(United Nations Environment Program)联合国开发计划署UNDP(United Nations Development Program)联合国粮农组织FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States)联合国贸易与发展会议UNCTAD(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)粮食安全Food security 慢性萧条 chronic depression 贸易和投资自由化和便利化 TILF(Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Development 贸易与环境委员会Committee on Trade and Environment 模式Modalities 南方共同市场（或称南锥体共同市场）MERCOSUR(Southern Common Market)南亚区域合作联盟SAARC(South Asian Association for Regional cooperation)欧洲自由贸易联盟EFTA(European Free Trade Association)配额调整条款modulation of quota clause 瓶颈制约 'bottleneck' restrictions 全球配额 global quota 上诉机构Appeal body 申报制度 reporting system;income declaration system 生产补贴Production subsidy 实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to 实质损害Material injury 食品法典委员会 CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission)世界海关组织WCO(World Customs Organization)

世界贸易组织WTO(World Trade Organization)世界知识产权组织WIPO(World Intellectual Property Organization)市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA(Administrative Aspects of Market Access)市场准入Market access 通知义务Notification obligation 同类产品Like product 乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round 消费膨胀 inflated consumption 协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）HS(Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)新议题New issues 许可费 License fee 有秩序的市场安排Orderly market arrangements 约束水平Bound level 争端解决机构Dispute Settlement Body 政府采购 Government procurement 知识产权IPRs(Intellectual property rights)直接支付Direct payment 诸边协议 Plurilateral agreement 专门的营销机构Market boards 转基因生物GMOs(Genetically Modified Organisms)祖父条款 grandfather clause 最不发达国家LDCs(Least-developed countries)最初谈判权(初谈权)INRs(Initial Negotiating Rights)最惠国待遇（现通常称'正常贸易关系'）MFN（most-favored-nation)treatment 最惠国贸易地位(待遇)MFN(Most-favored-nation)(Treatment)WTO术语英文解释

General GATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO.An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO’s agreements.GATT 1947 — The old(pre-1994)version of the GATT.GATT 1994 — The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods.Members — WTO governments(first letter capitalized, in WTO style).MFN — Most-favoured-nation treatment(GATT Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one’s trading partners.national treatment — The principle of giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals.GATT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs.GATS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection.TPRB, TPRM — The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the Trade

electronic commerce — The production, advertising, sale and distribution of products via telecommunications networks.free-rider — A casual term used to infer that a country which does not make any trade concessions, profits, nonetheless, from tariff cuts and concessions made by other countries in negotiations under the most-favoured-nation principle.Harmonized System — An international nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization, which is arranged in six digit codes allowing all participating countries to classify traded goods on a common basis.Beyond the six digit level, countries are free to introduce national distinctions for tariffs and many other purposes.ITA — Information Technology Agreement, or formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000.ITA II — Negotiations aimed at expanding ITA’s product coverage.nuisance tariff — Tariff so low that it costs the government more to collect it than the revenue it generates.schedule of concessions — List of bound tariff rates.tariff binding — Commitment not to increase a rate of duty beyond an agreed level.Once a rate of duty is bound, it may not be raised without compensating the affected parties.tariff escalation — Higher import duties on semi-processed products than on raw materials, and higher still on finished products.This practice protects domestic processing industries and discourages the development of processing activity in the countries where raw materials originate.tariff peaks — Relatively high tariffs, usually on ―sensitive‖ products, amidst generally low tariff levels.For industrialized countries, tariffs of 15% and above are generally recognized as ―tariff peaks‖.tariffs — Customs duties on merchandise imports.Levied either on an ad valorem basis(percentage of value)or on a specific basis(e.g.$7 per 100 kgs.).Tariffs give price advantage to similar locally-produced goods and raise revenues for the government.WCO — World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and rationalize customs procedures.Non-tariff measures anti-dumping duties — Article VI of the GATT 1994 permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties against dumped goods, equal to the difference between their export price and their normal value, if dumping causes injury to producers of competing products in the importing country.circumvention — Measures taken by exporters to evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties.countervailing measures — Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country.dumping — Occurs when goods are exported at a price less than their normal value, generally meaning they are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third-country markets, or at less than production cost.NTMs — Non-tariff measures such as quotas, import licensing systems, sanitary regulations, prohibitions, etc.price undertaking — Undertaking by an exporter to raise the export price of the product to avoid the possibility of an anti-dumping duty.PSI — Preshipment inspection — the practice of employing specialized private companies to check shipment details of goods ordered overseas — i.e.price, quantity, quality, etc.QRs — Quantitative restrictions — specific limits on the quantity or value of goods that can be imported(or exported)during a specific time period.rules of origin — Laws, regulations and administrative procedures which determine a product’s country of origin.A decision by a customs authority on origin can determine whether a shipment falls within a quota limitation, qualifies for a tariff preference or is affected by an anti-dumping duty.These rules can vary from country to country.safeguard measures — Action taken to protect a specific industry from an unexpected build-up of imports — governed by Article XIX of the GATT 1994.subsidy — There are two general types of subsidies: export and domestic.An export subsidy is a benefit conferred on a firm by the government that is contingent on exports.A domestic subsidy is a benefit not directly linked to exports.tariffication — Procedures relating to the agricultural market-access provision in which all non-tariff measures are converted into tariffs.trade facilitation — Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders(e.g.simplification of customs procedures).VRA, VER, OMA — Voluntary restraint arrangement, voluntary export restraint, orderly marketing arrangement.Bilateral arrangements whereby an exporting country(government or industry)agrees to reduce or restrict exports without the importing country having to make use of quotas, tariffs or other import controls.Textiles and clothing ATC — The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing which integrates trade in this sector back to GATT rules within a ten-year period.carry forward — When an exporting country uses part of the following year’s quota during the current year.carry over — When an exporting country utilizes the previous year’s unutilized quota.circumvention — Avoiding quotas and other restrictions by altering the country of origin of a product.CTG — Council for Trade in Goods — oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC.integration programme — The phasing out of MFA restrictions in four stages starting on 1 January

1995 and ending on 1 January 2005.ITCB — International Textiles and Clothing Bureau — Geneva-based group of some 20 developing country exporters of textiles and clothing.MFA — Multifibre Arrangement(1974-94)under which countries whose markets are disrupted by increased imports of textiles and clothing from another country were able to negotiate quota restrictions.swing — When an exporting country transfers part of a quota from one product to another restrained product.TMB — The Textiles Monitoring Body, consisting of a chairman plus ten members acting in a personal capacity, oversees the implementation of ATC commitments.transitional safeguard mechanism — Allows members to impose restrictions against individual exporting countries if the importing country can show that both overall imports of a product and imports from the individual countries are entering the country in such increased quantities as to cause — or threaten — serious damage to the relevant domestic industry.Agriculture/SPS Agenda 2000 — EC’s financial reform plans for 2000–06 aimed at strengthening the union with a view to receiving new members.Includes reform of the CAP(see below).border protection — Any measure which acts to restrain imports at point of entry.BSE — Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or ―mad cow disease‖.box — Category of domestic support.— Green box: supports considered not to distort trade and therefore permitted with no limits.— Blue box: permitted supports linked to production, but subject to production limits and therefore minimally trade-distorting.— Amber box: supports considered to distort trade and therefore subject to reduction commitments.Cairns Group — Group of agricultural exporting nations lobbying for agricultural trade liberalization.It was formed in 1986 in Cairns, Australia just before the beginning of the Uruguay Round.Current membership: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uruguay.CAP — Common Agricultural Policy — The EU’s comprehensive system of production targets and marketing mechanisms designed to manage agricultural trade within the EU and with the rest of the world.Codex Alimentarius — FAO/WHO commission that deals with international standards on food safety.distortion — When prices and production are higher or lower than levels that would usually exist in a competitive market.deficiency payment — Paid by governments to producers of certain commodities and based on the difference between a target price and the domestic market price or loan rate, whichever is the less.EEP — Export enhancement programme — programme of US export subsidies given generally to compete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets.food security — Concept which discourages opening the domestic market to foreign agricultural products on the principle that a country must be as self-sufficient as possible for its basic dietary needs.internal support — Encompasses any measure which acts to maintain producer prices at levels above those prevailing in international trade;direct payments to producers, including deficiency payments, and input and marketing cost reduction measures available only for agricultural production.International Office of Epizootics — Deals with international standards concerning animal health.multifunctionality — Idea that agriculture has many functions in addition to producing food and fibre, e.g.environmental protection, landscape preservation, rural employment, etc.See non-trade concerns.non-trade concerns — Similar to multifunctionality.The preamble of the Agriculture Agreement specifies food security and environmental protection as examples.Also cited by members are rural development and employment, and poverty alleviation.peace clause — Provision in Article 13 of the Agriculture Agreement says agricultural subsidies committed under the agreement cannot be challenged under other WTO agreements, in particular the Subsidies Agreement and GATT.Expires at the end of 2003.reform process/program — The Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement starts a reform process.It sets out a first step, in the process, i.e.a program for reducing subsidies and protection and other reforms.Current negotiations launched under Article 20 are for continuing the reform process.SPS regulations — Sanitary and Phytosanitary regulations — government standards to protect human, animal and plant life and health, to help ensure that food is safe for consumption.variable levy — Customs duty rate which varies in response to domestic price criterion.Intellectual property Berne Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of the rights of authors in their literary and artistic works.CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity.compulsory licensing — For patents: when the authorities license companies or individuals other than the patent owner to use the rights of the patent — to make, use, sell or import a product under patent(i.e.a patented product or a product made by a patented process)— without the permission of the patent owner.Allowed under the TRIPS Agreement provided certain procedures and conditions are fulfilled.See also government use.counterfeit — Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods.exhaustion — The principle that once a product has been sold on a market, the intellectual property owner no longer has any rights over it.(A debate among WTO member governments is whether this applies to products put on the market under compulsory licences.)Countries’ laws vary as to whether the right continues to be exhausted if the product is imported from one market into another, which affects the owner’s rights over trade in the protected product.See also parallel imports.geographical indications — Place names(or words associated with a place)used to identify products(for example, ―Champagne‖, ―Tequila‖ or ―Roquefort‖)which have a particular quality, reputation or other characteristic because they come from that place government use — For patents: when the government itself uses or authorizes other persons to use the rights over a patented product or process, for government purposes, without the permission of the patent owner.See also compulsory licensing.intellectual property rights — Ownership of ideas, including literary and artistic works(protected by copyright), inventions(protected by patents), signs for distinguishing goods of an enterprise(protected by trademarks)and other elements of industrial property.IPRs — Intellectual property rights.Lisbon Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of geographical indications and their international registration.Madrid Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the repression of false or deceptive indications of source on goods.mailbox — Refers to the requirement of the TRIPS Agreement applying to WTO members which do not yet provide product patent protection for pharmaceuticals and for agricultural chemicals.Since 1 January 1995, when the WTO agreements entered into force, these countries have to establish a means by which applications of patents for these products can be filed.(An additional requirement says they must also put in place a system for granting ―exclusive marketing rights‖ for the products whose patent applications have been filed.)parallel imports — When a product made legally(i.e.not pirated)abroad is imported without the permission of the intellectual property right-holder(e.g.the trademark or patent owner).Some countries allow this, others do not.Paris Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of industrial intellectual property, i.e.patents, utility models, industrial designs, etc.piracy — Unauthorized copying of materials protected by intellectual property rights(such as copyright, trademarks, patents, geographical indications, etc)for commercial purposes and unauthorized commercial dealing in copied materials.Rome Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, UNESCO and ILO, for the protection of the works of performers, broadcasting organizations and producers of phonograms.TRIPS — Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.UPOV — International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Washington Treaty — Treaty for the protection of intellectual property in respect of lay-out designs of integrated circuits.WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organization.Investment export-performance measure — Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported.FDI — Foreign direct investment.local-content measure — Requirement that the investor purchase a certain amount of local materials for incorporation in the investor’s product.product-mandating — Requirement that the investor export to certain countries or region.trade-balancing measure — Requirement that the investor use earnings from exports to pay for imports.TRIMS — Trade-related investment measures.Dispute settlement Appellate Body — An independent seven-person body that, upon request by one or more parties to the dispute, reviews findings in panel reports.automaticity — The ―automatic‖ chronological progression for settling trade disputes in regard to panel establishment, terms of reference, composition and adoption procedures.DSB — Dispute Settlement Body — when the WTO General Council meets to settle trade disputes.DSU — The Uruguay Round Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes.nullification and impairment — Damage to a country’s benefits and expectations from its WTO membership through another country’s change in its trade regime or failure to carry out its WTO

obligations.panel — Consisting of three experts, this independent body is established by the DSB to examine and issue recommendations on a particular dispute in the light of WTO provisions.Services accounting rate — In telecoms, the charge made by one country’s telephone network operator for calls originating in another country.commercial presence — Having an office, branch, or subsidiary in a foreign country.GATS — The WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services.general obligations — Obligations which should be applied to all services sector at the entry into force of the agreement.Initial commitments — Trade liberalizing commitments in services which members are prepared to make early on.modes of delivery — How international trade in services is supplied and consumed.Mode 1: cross border supply;mode 2: consumption abroad;mode 3: foreign commercial presence;and mode 4: movement of natural persons.multi-modal — Transportation using more than one mode.In the GATS negotiations, essentially door-to-door services that include international shipping.national schedules — The equivalent of tariff schedules in GATT, laying down the commitments accepted — voluntarily or through negotiation — by WTO members.natural persons — People, as distinct from juridical persons such as companies and organizations.offer — A country’s proposal for further liberalization.protocols — Additional agreements attached to the GATS.The Second Protocol deals with the 1995 commitments on financial services.The Third Protocol deals with movement of natural persons.prudence, prudential — In financial services, terms used to describe an objective of market regulation by authorities to protect investors and depositors, to avoid instability or crises.schedule — ―Schedule of Specific Commitments‖ — A WTO member’s list of commitments regarding market access and bindings regarding national treatment.specific commitments — See ―schedule‖.Regionalism/trade and development ACP — African, Caribbean and Pacific countries.Group of 71 countries with preferential trading relation with the EU under the former Lom? Treaty now called the Cotonou Agreement.Andean Community — Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.APEC — Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.ASEAN — Association of Southeast Asian Nations.The seven ASEAN members of the WTO — Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand — often speak in the WTO as one group on general issues.The other ASEAN members are Laos and Vietnam.Caricom — The Caribbean Community and Common Market comprises 15 countries.CTD — The WTO Committee on Trade and Development Customs union — Members apply a common external tariff(e.g.the EC).EC — European Communities(official name of the European Union in the WTO).EFTA — European Free Trade Association.free trade area — Trade within the group is duty free but members set own tariffs on imports from non-members(e.g.NAFTA).G15 — Group of 15 developing countries acting as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement.G77 — Group of developing countries set up in 1964 at the end of the first UNCTAD(originally 77, but now more than 130 countries).G7 — Group of seven leading industrial countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States.GRULAC — Informal group of Latin-American members of the WTO.GSP — Generalized System of Preferences — programmes by developed countries granting preferential tariffs to imports from developing countries.HLM — WTO High-Level Meeting for LDCs, held in October 1997 in Geneva.ITC — The International Trade Centre, originally established by the old GATT and is now operated jointly by the WTO and the UN, the latter acting through UNCTAD.Focal point for technical cooperation on trade promotion of developing countries.LDCs — Least-developed countries.MERCOSUR — Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.NAFTA — North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the US.Quad — Canada, EC, Japan and the United States.SACU — Southern African Customs Union comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.S&D — ―Special and differential treatment‖ provisions for developing countries.Contained in several WTO agreements.UNCITRAL — United Nations Centre for International Trade Law, drafts model laws such as the one on government procurement.UNCTAD — The UN Conference on Trade and Development.Trade and environment Agenda 21 — The Agenda for the 21st Century — a declaration from the 1992 Earth Summit(UN Conference on the Environment and Development)held in Rio de Janeiro.Article XX — GATT Article listing allowed ―exceptions‖ to the trade rules.Basel Convention — An MEA dealing with hazardous waste.BTA — Border tax adjustment CITES — Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.An MEA.CTE — The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment.EST — Environmentally-sound technology.EST&P — EST and products.ex ante, ex post — Before and after a measure is applied.LCA — Life cycle analysis — a method of assessing whether a good or service is environmentally friendly.MEA — Multilateral environmental agreement.Montreal Protocol — An MEA dealing with the depletion of the earth’s ozone layer.PPM — Process and production method.TBT — The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.waiver — Permission granted by WTO members allowing a WTO member not to comply with normal commitments.Waivers have time limits and extensions have to be justified.口译笔译分类词汇（08）--经济金融词汇

不景气 slump（衰退 recession）二板市场 the second board market 中国创业板 China Growth Enterprise Market 首次上市 IPOs(initial public offering)市场资本总额 market capitalization 法人股 institutional shares 内部股（非上市招股）private company shares 牛市 bull market 法律风险 legal risk 风险管理 risk management 坚持严格的贷款标准 maintain strong underwriting standards 六大风险 risks in 6 key areas(U.S.Federal Reserve criterion)信用风险 credit risk 供给学派 supply-side economist 第一产业（农业）agriculture(primary industry)第二产业（工业）manufacturing industry(secondary industry)第三产业（服务业）service industry(tertiary industry)主要经济指标 major economic indicators 国内生产总值 GDP gross domestic product（商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）国民生产总值 GNP gross national product（商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita 宏观经济 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund 扩大内需 expand domestic demand 改善居民心理预期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 鼓励增加即期消费 encourage more immediate consumption 长期国债 long-term treasury bonds 支付国债利息 to service treasury bonds 财政赤字和债务 deficits and the national debt 按原口径计算 calculate on the base line 按不变价格计算 calculate at constant price 按可比价格计算 calculate at comparable price 列入财政预算支出 listed in the fiscal budget 结售汇制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales

经常项目顺差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 开办人民币业务 engage in Renminbi(RMB)business

出口退税制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保证金台帐制度 Deposit account system for processing trade 分期付款 pay by installment 保值储蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押贷款 collateralised loans 住房抵押贷款 residential mortgage loan 货币主义者 monetarist 计划经济 planned economy 指令性计划 mandatory plan 技术密集型 technology intensive 大规模生产 mass production 经济林 cash tree 跟踪审计 follow-up auditing 流动性风险 liquidity risk 操作风险 operational risk 内部审计 internal audit 抛售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies

中国人民银行（中央银行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）四大国有商业银行 4 major state-owned commercial banks 中国银行 Bank of china

生活费用价格总指数 total price index of living cost 生活费用 income available for living expenses 扣除物价因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民储蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit

货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation 吸收游资 absorb idle fund

经常性贷款 commercial lending 经常性支出 operating expenses 再贷款 re-lending;subloan 支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.进一步规范和发展证券市场 further standardize and develop the securities market 增加直接融资比重 increase the proportion of direct financing 完善股票发行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 中国证监会 China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRC)深圳证券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 上海证券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange 综合指数 composite index 纳斯达克（高技术企业板）NASDAQ（National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 主板市场 the main board 通货紧缩 deflation 中国现代化建设分三步走的战略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980;people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries 与世界经济的联系将更加紧密 be more closely linked to the world economy 中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中国国情，发挥自身优势 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play 扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and

口笔译分类词汇大全(上)!!社会,经贸,政治,环境,金融,文化,宗教,科技,体育,谚语 。。。【

第一篇：口笔译分类词汇大全(上)!!社会,经贸,政治,环境,金融,文化,宗教,科技,体育,谚语 。。。【

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口笔译分类词汇大全(上)!!社会,经贸,政治,环境,金融,文化,宗教,科技,体育,谚语。。。【

第一篇：口笔译分类词汇大全(上)!!社会,经贸,政治,环境,金融,文化,宗教,科技,体育,谚语。。。【