第一篇:2010年温家宝总理政府工作报告(英文版)
2010年温家宝总理政府工作报告
报告全文:
Fellow Deputies,On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)to provide comments and suggestions.I.Review of Work in 2009
The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our country's economic development since the beginning of the new century.This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading, and the world economy was in a deep recession.Our economy was severely affected;our exports decreased significantly;a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties, and some even suspended production or closed down;the number of unemployed people increased significantly;many migrant workers had to return to their home villages;and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down.In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC)。Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization.GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year(here and below)。Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7%.Grain production was 531 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year.A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, and the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8% and 8.5% respectively in real terms.We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Events again proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring.We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China's international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.1.Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis.We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing.We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.We vigorously expanded consumer spending.Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before.The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes.Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles.We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%;commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%;and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms: Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.We promoted rapid growth in investment.We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years.In 2009, the central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.Of this, 44% was invested in.low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement;23% in major infrastructure projects;and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Fixed asset investment increased.30.1% nationwide.We further improved the investment structure.Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development.We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.We have already invested 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas.Thanks to the government's strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality.All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.2.Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development.We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%.We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin.We began implementation of 'the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide.We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas.We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1.million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families.We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty.As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.We intensified industrial restructuring.We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating ten key industries.We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects.Further progress was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries.We made great efforts to restrict excess production capacity and redundant development in some industries.We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total production tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry.We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects,and spent 151.2 billion yuan of central government funds on science and technology, an increase of 30%.We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications.We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development;put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation;opened 4,719 kilometers of new expressways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development;and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports.We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began supplying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment.We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment.We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs.We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%.Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control.We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry.Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%,and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively.We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country's targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.We improved our weather forecasting and early warning;as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.We took new steps in balancing development between regions.We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development;and formulated several major regional development plans and policies.The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development.The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.3.Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.We accelerated reform in key areas and links.We comprehensively carried out VAT reform.The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new mechanism for pricing them worked well.We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade.The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises.We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type.We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests.We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country's total area of collective forests.This is another major reform of China's rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.We constantly raised the level of the open economy.We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large equipment.We encouraged increases in imports: Since the second half of last year;falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets.Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.More enterprises “went global” in spite of the adverse situation;non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion.We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.4.Striving to improve people's wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs.In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.We implemented a more active employment policy.We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment.The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%.For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions.We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment.We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns.We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers.These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.We accelerated improvements in the social security system.We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers.We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 counties-a historic step forward in the development of China's social security system.The central government allocated 290.6 billion yuan in social security funds, an increase of 16.6%.Pensions for enterprise retirees increased for the fifth consecutive year and registered another 10% rise per person.We provided better care for childless and infirm rural residents receiving guarantees of food, clothing, medical care, housing and burial expenses.We increased subsidies for entitled groups and subsistence allowances for both urban and rural recipients.The central government used 55.1 billion yuan to develop low-income housing projects, a two-fold increase over the previous year.We built, renovated or expanded 2 million low-income housing units of various types, and renovated or built 1:3 million housing units in run-down areas.Nationwide, social security funds reached 692.'7 billion yuan, an increase of 44.2%.We strengthened the social security system.We made education more equitable.We increased education spending nationwide significantly, including central government spending of 198.1 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6%.We comprehensively implemented the urban and rural compulsory education policy, spent 66.6 billion yuan of central government funds on rural compulsory education, and reached the target of raising public spending for rural secondary and primary school students to an average of 500 yuan and 300 yuan per student respectively a year ahead of schedule.We implemented a performance-based pay system for compulsory education teachers.We started to implement the policy of free tuition for rural students attending secondary vocational schools whose families have financial difficulties and students in such schools who are studying agriculture-related majors.We constantly improved the national student financial aid system;which benefited 28.71 million students and basically ensured that no children from poor families were denied schooling due to financial difficulties.We made steady progress in the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare fields.We organized the implementation of the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems.The central government spent 127.7 billion yuan on medical and health care, an increase of 49.5%.A total of 401 million urban workers and non-working urban residents subscribed to basic medical insurance;and coverage of the new type of rural cooperative medical care system reached $30 million people.The central government allocated 42.9 billion yuan to solve the problem of medical insurance for retired workers from closed and bankrupt state-owned enterprises.The basic drug system has been implemented in 30% of primary-level medical and health care institutions.Central government funds were used to support the construction of a number of county-level hospitals, town and township central hospitals, and community health service centers.We launched major public health service projects, including one to increase vaccinations against hepatitis B.We intensified special campaigns for food and drug safety.Faced with the sudden outbreak of influenza A(H1N1),we carried out scientific and orderly prevention and control work in accordance with the law, and thereby effectively protected people's lives and maintained normal order in society.It was not at all easy for our country to make all these achievements against the backdrop of the severe impact of the global financial crisis and the negative growth of the world economy: They were the result of the overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army, and the people of all of our ethnic groups.On behalf of the Mate Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all of our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations, and people from all sectors of society.I also express our sincere thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations, and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization.In the course of the past year, as we conscientiously applied the Scientific Outlook on Development;vigorously responded to the global financial crisis and completed all of our government work, we came to the following conclusions: We must continue to make use of both market mechanisms and macro-control, that is, at the same time as we keep our reforms oriented toward a market economy, let market forces play their basic role in allocating resources, and stimulate the market's vitality, we must make best use of the socialist system's advantages, which enable us to make decisions efficiently, organize effectively, and concentrate resources to accomplish large undertakings.We must balance long-and short-term interests, take into account long-and short-term needs, and address both the symptoms and root causes of problems.We must overcome short-term difficulties and solve major problems as well as strengthen key areas and weak links in order to lay a foundation for long-term development.We must continue to consider domestic and international situations, make it a long-term strategic policy to boost domestic demand, adhere to the win-win strategy of opening up, and quickly formulate a pattern in which domestic demand and foreign demand drive economic growth in concert.We must always remember that developing the economy is inseparable from improving people's wellbeing and safeguarding social fairness and justice;make improving people's wellbeing the focus of development, and the starting point, goal, and lasting driving force of economic development;strive to safeguard fairness and justice;ensure that all of the people share in the fruits of reform and development;and promote social harmony and stability.We must give free rein to the initiative of both the central and local authorities.While stressing unity of thinking and keeping overall interests in mind, we also need to encourage everyone to proceed in light of local conditions and make explorations and innovations, in order to form a powerful, concerted force for overcoming present difficulties.All of these experiences are of vital and profound significance for keeping to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, improving our ability to run the socialist market economy, and pushing ahead the process of modernization.II.Main Tasks for 2010
This is a crucial year for continuing to deal with the global financial crisis, maintaining steady and rapid economic development, and accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development.It is also an important year for achieving all the targets of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and laying a solid foundation for development on the basis of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.Although this year's development environment may be better than last year's, we still face a very complex situation.Some positive changes and negative influences are growing while others are diminishing.Short-term and long-term problems are interwoven, domestic and international factors mutually affect each other, and the dilemmas facing economic and social development are increasing.Internationally, the global economy will hopefully turn around.International financial markets are stabilizing, and the overall trend toward increased economic globalization has not changed.Considerable changes and adjustments in the world economic structure will bring new development opportunities.At the same time, many destabilizing factors and uncertainties remain in our external environment.The foundation for global economic recovery remains weak;financial risks have not been completely eliminated;individual countries face difficult choices in phasing out their stimulus policies;larger fluctuations may occur in the prices of major commodities and exchange rates among the major currencies;trade protectionism is clearly reasserting itself;and global problems such as climate change, food security and energy and resource supplies remain complex.Domestically, our country is still in an important period of strategic opportunities.The foundation for economic turnaround is becoming stronger, market confidence has increased, the policy we adopted to boost domestic demand and improve people's wellbeing continues to show results, and enterprises are constantly becoming more competitive and better able to adapt to market changes.Nevertheless, there are still some serious problems affecting economic and social development.There is insufficient internal impetus driving economic growth;our independent innovation capability is not strong;there is still considerable excess production capacity in some industries and it is becoming more difficult to restructure them;while the pressure on employment is constantly growing overall, there is a structural shortage of labor;the foundation for keeping agricultural production and farmers' incomes growing steadily is weak;latent risks in the banking and public finance sectors are increasing;and major problems in the areas of healthcare, education, housing, income distribution and public administration urgently require solutions.We must make a comprehensive and correct judgment of the situation, and we must not interpret the economic turnaround as a fundamental improvement in the economic situation.We need to strengthen our awareness of potential dangers, make full use of favorable conditions and positive factors, strive to resolve problems, make even more thorough preparations to deal with risks and challenges of all kinds, and firmly keep the initiative in our work.To do a good job of our government work this year, we need to conscientiously implement the guiding principles of the Seventeenth National Party Congress and the third and fourth plenary sessions of the Seventeenth Central Committee;take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents as our guide;thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development;strive to apply macro-control appropriately and maintain steady and rapid economic development;work hard to accelerate economic restructuring and the transformation of the pattern of economic development;press ahead with reform and opening up and with independent innovation;strive to improve people's wellbeing and to promote social harmony and stability;make headway with our efforts to encourage socialist economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological development;pick up the pace of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects;and work hard to achieve sound, rapid economic and social development.This year the main targets we have set for economic and social development are: increasing GDP by approximately 8%, creating jobs for more than 9 million people entering the urban workforce, keeping the urban registered unemployment rate no higher than 4.6%, holding the rise in consumer prices to around 3%, and improving the balance of payments.Here I would like to stress that in targeting a GDP increase of around 8%, we are emphasizing sound development, and we need to guide all sectors to focus on transforming the pattern of economic development and restructuring the economy in their work.By targeting an increase in consumer prices of around 3%, we are giving full consideration to the carry-over effects of last year's price changes, the reverberations caused by price changes for major international commodities, the continued impact of increases in domestic supplies of money and credit;and consumers' ability to bear price increases, while also leaving room for reform in resource and environment taxes and fees and in the pricing of resource products.This year we will focus on the following eight areas.1.Exercising better macro-control and maintaining steady and rapid economic development
We need to continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We need to maintain continuity and stability in our policies while constantly making them better-targeted and more flexible as circumstances and conditions change, and keep a good grasp of the intensity, pace and focus of their implementation.We need to skillfully handle the relationship between maintaining steady and rapid economic development, restructuring the economy and managing inflation expectations.We not only need to maintain sufficient policy intensity and consolidate the momentum of the economic turnaround, but we also need to accelerate economic restructuring and make substantive progress in transforming the pattern of economic development.In addition, we need to manage inflation expectations well and keep the overall level of prices stable.We will continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy.First, we will keep the deficit and government bonds at appropriate levels.This year, we have projected a deficit of 1.05 trillion yuan, which consists of 850 billion yuan in central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets.These arrangements are based mainly on the consideration that this year revenue will fall significantly short of expenditures.Regarding revenue, last year's one-off measures to increase revenue will either not be repeated or will be decreased.We also need to continue to implement the policy of structural tax reductions;consequently, revenue will not increase very quickly.Regarding expenditures, we will continue to implement the package plan for dealing with the global financial crisis, and increase spending to complete work on projects now under construction, strengthen weak links, carry forward reform, improve people's wellbeing and maintain stability.Second, we will continue to implement the structural tax reduction policy to expand domestic demand and promote economic restructuring.Third, we will improve the structure of expenditures, maintain expenditures in some areas while reducing them in others, and spend our money where it counts the most.We will continue to give preference to agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, and to improving people's wellbeing and developing social programs.We will support energy conservation, environmental protection, independent innovation, and development in underdeveloped areas.We will strictly control regular expenditures, and do all we can to reduce public spending.Fourth, we will effectively improve government debt management, strengthen internal and external restraints, and effectively guard against and fend off latent public finance risks.In addition, we need to strengthen tax collection and supervision as well as supervision of non-tax revenue in accordance with the law, strictly crack down on tax fraud, and collect all due taxes.We will continue to implement a moderately easy monetary policy.First, we will ensure that there are proper and sufficient supplies of money and credit.This year's target for expanding the broad money supply(M2)is around 17%, and we will increase the total quantity of renminbi loans by approximately 7.5 trillion yuan.Although both of these increases are less than the actual increases last year, they are still moderately easy policy goals, and they can satisfy reasonable financial demands of economic and social development.In addition, these goals are beneficial for managing inflation expectations and making financial support for economic development more sustainable.Second, we will improve the credit structure.We will implement a credit policy that guarantees credit in some areas and limits it in others;increase support for important areas and weak links;effectively alleviate the difficulties farmers and small businesses have in obtaining financing;and strictly control loans to industries that are energy-intensive, highly polluting or saddled with overcapacity.We will strengthen post-loan supervision and ensure that loans are used to support the real economy.Third, we will actively expand direct financing.We will improve the system of multilevel capital markets, increase financing by selling equities and issuing bonds, and better satisfy the diverse demand for investment and financing.Fourth, we will strengthen risk management and make financial oversight and supervision more effective.We will explore ways to establish a system of prudent macro management, strengthen the monitoring of the cross-border flow of capital, and guard against all kinds of financial risks.We will continue to improve the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate and keep it basically stable at an appropriate and balanced level.We will energetically expand consumer demand.We will continue to increase farmers' incomes, basic pensions of enterprise retirees, allowances to some entitled groups, subsistence allowances for urban and rural residents, and people's purchasing power, especially low-and middle-income earners.We will strengthen and expand traditional consumption, and promote the upgrading of the consumption structure by actively cultivating areas of high consumption, such as information, tourism, culture, fitness, training, services for the elderly and household services.We will increase consumer credit.We will strengthen infrastructure, such as the logistics system, and vigorously develop e-commerce.We will overhaul and standardize markets to create a convenient, safe and worry-free environment for consumers.We will continue to implement and improve all of our policies and measures for encouraging consumption.We will considerably raise the maximum price limits for home appliances sold, in the countryside, increase types of appliances and models eligible for subsidies, expand the scope of subsidies, improve the criteria for qualifying for subsidies and the way subsidies are granted, strengthen supervision and evaluation of enterprises that win bids for contracts, and raise the quality of products and services.We will improve the policies for getting consumers to trade-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and getting rural residents to buy motor vehicles, and set the purchase tax for small-displacement automobiles at 7.5%.We must implement these policies and measures, do meaningful work and do it well, and make sure the benefits reach the people.We will strive to improve the investment structure.Government investment at all levels needs to be concentrated in the most important areas, and the launching of new projects must be strictly controlled.It should be used mainly for carrying on and completing projects, and we need to ensure that projects are not stopped midway.We will steadily move forward with the recovery and reconstruction of quake-hit areas, and make sure quality and quantity targets are met.We will encourage greater non-government investment, and improve and implement policies to achieve this goal.We will strengthen and improve the supervision of investment;strictly enforce market entry standards and industrial policies concerning land use, energy conservation, environmental protection, and safety;and effectively prevent redundant construction.For projects financed through the public treasury, relevant departments need to exercise oversight of the entire course of the project, and we must prevent the construction of image and vanity projects that waste manpower and money in the name of boosting domestic demand.We will adhere to scientific and democratic decision making, and ensure that public funds are spent on projects that promote economic and social development and improve people's lives and that will stand the test of practice and history.2.Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development and adjusting and optimizing the economic structure
We urgently need to transform the pattern of economic development.We will work hard to put economic development onto the track of endogenous growth driven by innovation.We will continue to promote restructuring and revitalization in key industries.First, we will intensify technological upgrading.We will effectively use funds for technological upgrading to guide enterprises in developing new products, saving energy and reducing resource consumption.Second, we will encourage mergers and reorganization of enterprises.We will break industry monopolies;remove regional blockades, support superior enterprises in acquiring ones in financial difficulties;and close down backward production facilities more quickly.Third, we will comprehensively raise product quality.We will guide enterprises to improve their quality management systems;focusing on brands, standards, service, and performance, and to enhance their sense of social responsibility: We will effectively strengthen the market oversight and credibility systems, and strive to raise the quality of China's products to a new level.We will foster emerging industries of strategic importance.The global financial crisis is hastening the birth of a new technological and industrial revolution.It is of decisive importance for the future of our country that we develop emerging industries of strategic importance and capture the economic, scientific and technological high ground;therefore, we must seize opportunities, identify priorities, and achieve results.We need to vigorously develop new energy sources, new materials, energy conservation, environmental protection, biomedicine, information networks, and high-end manufacturing industries.We will make substantive progress in developing motor vehicles powered by new energy sources and in integrating telecommunications networks, cable television networks, and the Internet, and accelerate R&D in and application of the Internet of Things.We will also increase investment in and policy support for emerging industries of strategic importance.We will further promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.First, we will set up a sound service system for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will promptly revise the criteria for classifying such enterprises, accelerate the development of a public service platform and an information service network for them and bases for small business startups, continue to reduce and streamline administrative examination and approval procedures, and resolutely sort out fees and eliminate unreasonable ones.Second, we will continue to implement the policy of fiscal support for small and medium-sized enterprises.The central government will allocate 10.6 billion yuan to support their development.A preferential income tax policy for small enterprises with low profits will be implemented.Small and medium-sized enterprises will be eligible to receive money from special funds for technological upgrading in the central budget, and local governments should also increase investment in technological upgrading.Third, we will provide better financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises.We will improve the credit assessment system for small enterprises, and encourage the establishment of a loan risk compensation fund for them.We will allow full tax deductions for loan loss reserves for loans to small and medium-sized enterprises.We will develop a multilevel system of credit guarantees for these enterprises, and implement the policy of exempting business tax for qualified credit guarantee agencies serving them and allow those agencies to exempt withdrawals from reserve funds and compensation for losses from taxation.We will expand channels for small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain financing in order to effectively solve their financing problems, especially those of small enterprises.We will accelerate the development of the service sector.We will further raise the development level of the service sector and its proportion of the national economy.We will vigorously develop production-oriented service industries, including finance, logistics, information, R&D, industrial design, commerce, energy conservation, and environmental protection services, and promote the intimate integration of service industries with modern manufacturing industries.We will also develop public utilities, real estate, and property management services, community services and other service industries closely related to people's wellbeing.We will accelerate the development of tourism and expand new types of services.In view of the weak foundation and great potential of the service sector in rural areas, we need to accelerate the establishment of a sound system of rural workplace and consumer services, mainly revolving around production, sales, scientific and technological information, and financial services.We will speed up the establishment of an open, fair, and standardized system for licensing service providers and encourage the participation of non-government capital.We will further improve policies for promoting development in the service sector, and gradually lower the electricity, water, gas, and heat rates for service industries encouraged by the state to the same levels charged to industrial enterprises.We will strive to conserve energy and reduce emissions.First, we will energetically promote energy conservation and raise the efficiency of energy consumption, especially in industry, transportation, and construction.We will make solid progress in the ten major energy conservation projects, the campaign to save energy in 1,000 enterprises, and the project to promote energy-efficient products that benefit the people, and make saving energy a good habit throughout society.We will increase our energy-saving capacity by an equivalent of 80 million tons of standard coal.Every newly built, renovated or expanded coal-fired power generating unit must be equipped with and continuously employ desulphurization equipment.Second, we will strengthen environmental protection.We will work to improve the environment in key watersheds and regions, treat urban sewage and garbage, deal with pollution from non-point agricultural sources, and comprehensively clean up heavy metal pollution.In urban areas, the daily sewage treatment capacity will increase by 15 million cubic meters and the daily garbage disposal capacity will grow by 60,000 tons.Third, we will energetically develop a circular economy and the energy conservation and environmental protection industries.For the circular economy, we will support R&D in technology, demonstrations and applications, and capacity building.We will save energy, water, land and materials.We will comprehensively utilize mineral resources, recycle industrial waste, use by-product heat and pressure to generate electricity, and transform household solid waste into resources.Fourth, we will actively respond to climate change.We will improve our ability to adapt to it and ameliorate its effects.We will work hard to develop low-carbon technologies;promote application of highly efficient, energy-conserving technologies;develop new and renewable energies;and intensify development of smart power grids.We will accelerate afforestation, increase forest carbon sinks and expand our forests by at least 5.92 million hectares.We need to energetically build an industrial system and consumption pattern with low carbon emissions.We will participate in international cooperation to address climate changes and work for further progress in the global fight against climate change.We will promote balanced economic development between regions.We will continue to develop the western region on a large scale, comprehensively reinvigorate the old industrial bases in northeast China and elsewhere, energize the development of the central region, and support the eastern region in taking the lead in development.We will conscientiously implement all plans and policies for promoting regional economic and social development.We will accelerate growth of development priority zones.We will focus on formulating and implementing policies for economic and social development in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces.We will increase support for old revolutionary areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas.When implementing the overall strategy for regional development, we will emphasize exploiting different regions' comparative advantages and making well-targeted efforts to solve major problems arising in the course of development in each region.We will focus on reversing the growing gap in economic and social development between regions, balancing their development better, accelerating the improvement of the public finance system, and snaking access to basic public services more equal.3.Improving the balance between urban and rural development and strengthening the foundation for the development of agriculture and rural areas
After six consecutive years of increases in grain output and rural incomes, it is vital we sustain our good work in the areas of agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.In accordance with the requirements for balancing urban and rural development, we need to make solving problems faced by agriculture, rural areas, and farmers a top priority in all our work;further strengthen our policies to aid agriculture and bene?t farmers;coordinate industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural and rural modernization;and consolidate and build upon the good situation in agriculture and rural areas.We will promote the steady development of agriculture and a continuous increase in rural incomes.We will keep grain production stable;expand the total area sown with oilseed;increase supplies of important agricultural products in short supply;implement a large-scale effort to increase the production of grain, cotton, oilseed, and sugar;standardize farming practices in horticulture, animal husbandry, and aquaculture;and ensure the security of the “rice bag”(grain supply)and “vegetable basket”(non-staple food supply)。We will continue to provide direct subsidies for grain producers, and increase general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies and subsidies for purchasing superior crop varieties and agricultural machinery and tools.The central government will allocate 133.5 billion yuan for this purpose, a year-on-year increase of 6.04 billion yuan.We will further raise minimum grain purchase prices.The minimum prices of early indica rice, middle-season and late indica rice and japonica rice will be raised by 0.06 yuan, 0.1 yuan and 0.2 yuan per kilogram respectively, and the minimum price of wheat will be raised by 0.06 yuan per kilogram.We will continue to implement the policy of purchasing and temporarily stockpiling major agricultural products and give farmers more tangible bene?ts.We will increase ?scal support for major grain-producing, pork-producing, and cattle farming counties.We will vigorously develop the processing industry for agricultural products, promote industrialization in agriculture, support the upgrading and renovation of wholesale markets and markets for farm produce, and promote closer linkage between production and the market.We will help rural residents ?nd jobs or start their own businesses, and increase rural incomes through a variety of channels.We will intensify poverty alleviation and development and work tirelessly to eradicate poverty and backwardness so that rural residents can soon live a prosperous and happy life.We will strengthen agricultural infrastructure.We will continue to give high priority in government spending to supporting agricultural and rural development.In the budget, our priority for ?xed asset investment will be agricultural infrastructure and projects that improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and our priority for use of proceeds from the transfer of land-use rights will be developing agricultural land and building rural infrastructure.The central government plans to allocate 818.3 billion yuan for agriculture, farmers, and rural areas, an increase of 93 billion yuan over last year, and local governments at all levels will also increase their investment.We will comprehensively implement the plan to increase grain production by 50 billion kilograms nationwide, with the emphasis on major grain-producing regions.Focusing on water conservancy, we will improve agricultural infrastructure, accelerate related upgrades of large and mediumsized irrigated areas, expand the area in which water-conserving irrigation methods are used, create high-grade cropland, and ?nish reinforcing dilapidated large, medium-sized, and key small reservoirs.With the focus on breeding improved crop varieties, we will accelerate innovation in agricultural technology and the widespread adoption of scienti?c and technological advances, and carry out a major science and technology project to create new crop varieties using gene transfer technology.We will move forward with the construction of modem agriculture demonstration sites.We will accelerate the development of public services for extending agricultural technology, preventing and controlling animal and plant diseases, and providing quality oversight of agricultural products in townships, towns and regions.We will deepen rural reform.We will uphold the basic rural operation system;quickly improve relevant laws, regulations and policies;and maintain existing land contract relationships over the long term.We will strengthen supervision of and services for the transfer of contracted land?use rights, and develop diverse large-scale farming operations on the basis of legal, voluntary, and compensated transfers of land-use rights.We will continue to carry out comprehensive rural reform, improve supporting policies for the reform of tenure in collective forests, and launch the reform of state tree farms.We will continue to reform the basic system for the use of grasslands, develop specialized farmer cooperatives, improve the organization of agriculture, more quickly develop small rural ?nancial institutions, actively promote micro-credit loans in rural areas, and improve rural ?nancial services.We will also deepen reforms in township and town government departments.We will balance promoting urbanization and building a new countryside.We will keep to the path of urbanization with Chinese characteristics.We will promote balanced development between towns and large, small and medium-sized cities;increase the overall carrying capacity of cities and towns;ensure that cities stimulate the development of surrounding rural areas;and promote positive interaction between urbanization and the building of a new countryside.We will strengthen county economies, improve infrastructure and environmental protection in county towns and hub towns, guide an orderly ?ow of nonagricultural industries and rural people to small towns, and encourage returned rural migrant workers to start businesses in their hometowns.When developing urban and rural areas, we must adhere to the strictest possible systems for protecting arable land and economizing land use to genuinely safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers.We will carry out reform of the household registration system and relax requirements for household registration in towns and small and medium-sized cities.We will solve employment and living problems rural migrant workers face in cities and towns in a planned and step-by-step manner, and gradually ensure that they receive the same treatment as urban residents in areas such as pay, children's education, healthcare, housing, and social security.We will further increase spending on the development of rural work and living facilities, begin a new round of upgrades of rural power grids, expand the construction of rural methane facilities, provide safe drinking water to another 60 million rural people, carry out the project to build a clean countryside, and improve working and living conditions there.We will allow eligible workers who have left agricultural work to gradually become urban residents, and develop a beautiful rural environment where farmers can live a happy life.4.Fully implementing the strategies of reinvigorating China through science and education and strengthening the nation through human resource development
Education, science, and human resources are the cornerstones of national prosperity and rejuvenation, and are also at the core of overall national strength.We will give high priority to the development of education For a country to become strong, it must ?rst strengthen education.First-class educatian is a prerequisite for cultivating high-caliber personnel and buildirtg a great country.We will promptly begin to implement the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Program for Education Reform and Development.We will focus on the following ?ve areas.First, we will advance education reform.We need to emancipate our minds, boldly make breakthroughs and innovations, encourage experimentation, and carry out a systematic reform of the system for operating schools, curricula, teaching methods, and evaluation systems.We will continue to give top priority to cultivating the integrity of students and vigorously promote well-rounded education.We will explore systems of school management and ways of providing education that ?are suitable for different types of education and the development of people with different skills, so that we run schools better and turn out better graduates.We will encourage nongovernmental sectors to run schools in order to meet people's diverse demands for education.Second, we will promote the balanced development of compulsory education.On the basis of a rational allocation of resources, we will accelerate the renovation of itmior secondary school buildings in the central and western regions.We will also accelerate implementation of the nationwide program for safe primary and secondary school buildings, and engtire that buildings, equipment and teaching staff in all schools reach established standards as soon as possible.We will provide multimedia distance learning facilities for rural primary and secondary schools so that children living in the vast rural and remote areas have access to quality education resources.We will improve preschool education and develop special education schools.We will increase educational support for ethnic minorities and ethnic minority areas.Third, we will continue to strengthen vocational education.With the goal of helping students ?nd jobs, we will integrate education resources, improve teaching methods;and focus on nurturing students' employability and entrepreneurial abilities.Fourth, we will reform the management and adMissions systems of institutions of higher learning.We will give them more decision-making power, encourage them to adjust their majors and curricula to Meet employment needs and the needs of economic and social development;more intimately integrate personnel training;scienti?c and technological innovatioit, and academic development;inspire their teachers to concentrate on education;and become high-level universities with their own distinctive features.We will develop a number of ?rst-class universities that produce outstanding personnel.The central government will increase support for the development of higher education in the central and western regions.Fifth, we will improve the ranks of our teachers.We will take a variety of measures to attract outstanding personnel to pursue careers in education and devote their lives to it.We will focus on strengthening training for teachers and principals of rural compulsory education schools, and encourage excellent teachers to teach in impoverished rural areas.We will intensify education to improve the professional ethics of our teachers, and enhance their sense of responsibility and mission.Hundreds of millions of families place their hopes for a better life on education, and education has a direct bearing on the quality of the nation and the future of the country.A country cannot become strong and prosperous if it does not make education universal and improve its quality.We must always keep this in mind.We will vigorously develop science and technology.We need to earnestly implement the policy of independent innovation, comprehensively build an innovative country, and accelerate the implementation of our major science and technology programs.We need to concentrate on making breakthroughs in key scienti?c and technological problems that can drive the technological revolution forward and promote industrial invigoration, in major scienti?c and technological problems related to public welfare that can improve people's health and the quality of their lives, and in problems in strategic, high-tech ?elds that can enhance our country's international competitiveness and safeguard our national security.We will make farsighted arrangements for basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies in the ?elds of biology, nano science, quantum control, information networks, climate change, aerospace and oceanography.We will deepen the reform of the system for managing science and technology;strive to bridge the gap between science and technology and the economy;promote the development of a system of technological innovation in which enterprises play the leading role, the market provides orientation, and the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes are integrated;and promote optimal allocation, open sharing, and highly ef?cient use of scienti?c and technological resources.We will vigorously implement the strategy for intellectual property rights and strengthen the creation, application and protection of them.We will further arouse the creativity of scientists, engineers and all of society.We will accelerate the development of human resources.Talented personnel are the primary resources.We need to develop all types of human resources in a coordinated and all-round way, with the focus on producing innovative scientists and engineers, and experts and professionals in key areas of economic and social development, and energetically attract high?caliber personnel from overseas.We will set up a mechanism for diversifying ?mding for personnel training, so that the government, nongovernmental bodies, employers and employees all do their part.We will make full use of the basic role of market forces in allocating human resources, strive,Aa.etreate an institutional environment conducive to bringing forth talented people in large numbas atttL tapping their full potential, and make our country rich in human resources.5.Energetically promoting cultural progress
To develop the country and rejuvenate the nation, we must not only be economically strong, but more importantly, be culturally strong.Culture is the spirit and soul of a nation, and the determining factor of whether it is truly strong or not.It can profoundly affect the progress of a country's development and change the destiny of a nation.If we do not develop an advanced culture and improve the whole nation's cultural and ethical levels, we cannot truly modernize.Emancipating our minds, and reform and opening up embody the spirit of our times, and they have become an advanced cultural force driving social progress and have ?lled the Chinese nation with vigor and vitality.Over the past year, we vigorously developed non-pro?t cultural programs, sped up the reform of the cultural management system, improved the system of public cultural services, stimulated the rapid growth of our culture industry, brought prosperity to the culture market, and effectively expanded domestic demand.In the new year, we need to pay greater attention to and vigorously promote cultural progress.We will draw upon and carry forward the ?ne traditional culture of the Chinese nation, draw on and make use of the achievements of the cultures of other countries, and build a home of spirit shared by the whole Chinese nation.Our government needs to better carry out its responsibility for developing non-pro?t cultural programs and ensure that the people's basic demands are met and that their rights and interests are protected.We will give high priority to the primary, level, especially rural areas and the central and western regions in developing cultural infrastructure and allocating public cultural resources;make admission to more art galleries, libraries, cultural centers and museums free of charge;and enrich the people's intellectual and cultural lives.We will continue to reform the cultural management system, support non-pro?t cultural programs, develop the culture industry, encourage cultural innovation, foster leading cultural enterprises, and produce more healthy and inspirational cultural works to meet the diverse cultural needs of our people.We will promote the development of philosophy, the social sciences, radio, television, ?lm, the press, publishing, and archives;make literary and artistic creation ?ourish;and strengthen the protection of our cultural heritage.We will vigorously develop cultural exchanges with foreign countries, and make Chinese culture more in?uential internationally.We will energetically develop recreational sports, launch an extensive exercise campaign for the general public, and improve the people's health.The Chinese nation can not only create economic miracles but also make brilliant new cultural achievements.6.Vigorously ensuring and improving people's wellbeing, and promoting social harmony and progress
Improving people's wellbeing is the fundamental goal of economic development.We can ensure that there is sustained impetus for economic development, a solid foundation for social progress, and lasting stability for the country only by working hard to ensure and improve people's wellbeing.We will do everything in our power to increase employment.This is the top priority in our work of ensuring and improving people's wellbeing.This year the employment situation will still be serious, and we cannot slacken our efforts in the slightest.We need to continue to implement a proactive employment policy.The central government will allocate 43.3 billion yuan to stimulate employment.Emphasis will be given to helping college graduates, rural migrant workers, people experiencing employment dif?culty, and demobilized military personnel ?nd jobs.The “?ve-four-three” employment support policies, originally scheduled to expire in 2009, will be extended for another year.[These policies allow quali?ed enterprises to postpone their payments of ?ve types of social security contributions;reduce urban workers' contributions to four types of insurance funds, namely medical insurance, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, and maternity insurance;and continue three types of subsidized, enterprise-based job training programs.Tr.] We will increase policy support and employment guidance to encourage college graduates to take community-level jobs in urban and rural areas, and jobs in the central and western regions and in small and medium-sized enterprises.We will expand channels for seeking employment and starting businesses.We will encourage different forms of ?exible employment, including starting businesses and ?nding jobs independently.We will also encourage job growth through the creation of new businesses.We will establish a sound mechanism for stimulating employment through public investment.We will continue to strengthen vocational training, with the focus on increasing the employability of rural migrant workers and new members of the workforce in urban and rural areas.We will improve the employment services system, strengthen coordination and cooperation between labor-exporting and labor-importing regions, and guide workers in an orderly ?ow, especially rural migrant workers.We will accelerate the development of a uni?ed and standardized human resources market.We will safeguard the lawful rights and interests of workers and establish harmonious labor relations.We will work tirelessly to create more job opportunities and to enable workers to tap their full potential and find suitable jobs.We will move faster to improve the social security system for both urban and rural residents.We will move steadily forward with the pilot program for a new old-age insurance system for rural residents by expanding it to 23% of the country's counties.We will act more quickly to solve longstanding problems, including the lack of basic old-age pensions for retirees of collectively owned enterprises that do not participate in group pension programs.Workers: compensation will be extended to all of the 1.3 million workers injured previous jobs who are not receiving bene?ts We will work to extend coverage of social security to rural migrant workers., We will strengthen our work concerning subsistence allowances in both urban and rural areas, and ensure that it is managed in a manner that re?ects changing conditions and that everyone who is entitled to such allowances receives them.We will work harder to build the social security and social services system for people with a disability, further implement policies for assisting and supporting them, and create a better environment for them to participate in social activities on an equal footing.We will increase basic old-age pensions for enterprise retirees by 10%.Governments at all levels need to spend more on social security, and the central government will appropriate 318.5 billion yuan for this purpose.We will increase the country's social security funds through multiple channels and strengthen oversight and supervision to maintain and increase their value.We will move faster to build a better social safety net to provide basic security to people and free them from worries.We will reform the income distribution system.A rational income distribution system is an important manifestation of social fairness and justice.We will not only make the “pie” of social wealth bigger by developing the economy, but also distribute it well on the basis of a rational income distribution system.We need to uphold and improve the system in which distribution according to work is dominant and multiple forms of distribution coexist, give due consideration to ef?ciency and fairness, and take the path to common prosperity.First, we will promptly formulate policies and measures to adjust the distribution of national income, and gradually increase the proportion, of income individuals receive from the distribution of national income and the proportion of the primary distribution of income that goes to wages and salaries.We will strengthen the role of ?scal and taxation policies in adjusting the primary and secondary distribution of income.We will create conditions for more people to earn income from property.Second, we will deepen the reform of the income distribution system of monopoly industries.We will improve the policy of dual control over total payroll and wage scales in these industries.We will set strict standards for the income of executives, especially senior ones, of state-owned enterprises and financial institutions, and improve related oversight and supervision rules.Third, we will further standardize the pattern of income distribution.We will ?rmly crack down on and ban illegal income;regulate off-the-books income;gradually form a transparent, fair and rational pattern of income distribution;and resolutely reverse the widening income gap.We will promote the steady and sound development of the real estate market.We will resolutely curb the precipitous rise of housing prices in some cities and satisfy people's basic need for housing.First, we will continue to carry out low-income housing projects on a large scale.The central government will allocate 63.2 billion yuan for low-income housing, an increase of 8.1 billion yuan over last year.We will build 3 million housing units for low-income families and renovate 2 8 million housing units in run-down areas.We will expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas.Governments at all levels must genuinely take responsibility to ensure that the annual construction plan is strictly carried out and that policies concerning land, funding, and preferential treatment are implemented well.Second, we will continue to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.We will increase the land supply for building small and medium-sized condominiums to be sold at low and medium price levels, and expedite the approval procedure for and construction of such housing projects.We will standardize and develop the market for used homes, encourage home renting, and stimulate rental housing market.Third, we will lrein in speculative housing purchases.We will intensify the implimentation of differentiated credit and tax policies.We will improve the advance purchase system for commodity housing.Fourth, we will work to rectify and standardize the real estate market.We will improve the methods for managing and using income from land, and keep land prices from rising too fast.We will make greater efforts to deal with violations of laws and regulations such as keeping land unused, property hoarding, and price rigging.We will accelerate the reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare ?elds.We will actively yet prudently carry forward the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and comprehensively accomplish ?ve key tasks.We will continue to expand the coverage of guaranteed basic medical care.This year we will raise government subsidies on basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and on the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 120 yuan per person per year, up 50% over last year, and appropriately increase rates for individual contributions.We will carry out a pilot program for ensuring that rural children with leukemia or congenital heart disease receive medical treatment and provide more assistance to these less fortunate children and their families.We will install the basic drug system in 60% of community medical institutions and urge other medical institutions to give high priority to the use of basic drugs.We will promote the centralized purchase and uni?ed distribution of basic drugs.We will basically complete the plan for building community medical institutions in urban and rural areas, undertake personnel education and training on a large scale, and further improve the policies and measures for supporting the development of village clinics and rural doctors.We will improve the mechanism for subsidizing community medical institutions and link salaries to performance.We will carry out a pilot program for making community medical institutions the ?rst option in medical treatment and work to create a service system in which hospitals and community medical institutions(each with its own well-de?ned functions)coordinate and collaborate with each other and refer cases to each other.We will strengthen prevention and control of in?uenza A(H1N1)and other major communicable diseases as well as chronic, occupational, and endemic diseases, and enhance our ability to handle public health emergencies.We will carry out a pilot reform of public hospitals;maintain the non?pro?t nature of bask medical services;make institutional and procedural innovations;boost the morale of medical workers;raise the quality of service;control medical costs;and improve relations between medical service providers and consumers.We will energetically support the use of non?government capital to run medical and healthcare institutions, and such institutions will be treated the same as public hospitals in obtaining operating licenses and providing medical services covered by the public medical insurance system.We will support and promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine and folk medicines of ethnic minorities.The reform and development of the pharmaceutical and healthcare ?elds affects the health of the people and the happiness of their families;therefore, we must overcome all dif?culties and solve this universal problem.We will do a good job in population and family planning work We will continue to maintain a low birthrate.We will provide good family planning services for the ?oating population.We will provide regular gynecological examinations and subsidize hospital childbirths for rural women.We will strengthen intervention in birth defects;carry out a pilot program of free pre-pregnancy checkups;and provide quality health services for infants, pre-school children, and prenatal and nursing women.We will continue to reward and support eligible rural families that comply with family planning regulations, and carry out the “lower birthrate equals faster prosperity” project in the western region.We will take effective measures to protect the rights and interests of women and minors.We will intensify strategic research on coping with an aging population and move more quickly to create a sound system of old-age services so that people can live a happy life in their old age.7.Firmly advancing reform and further expanding opening up
This year we will continue to deepen reform in key areas and crucial links and work hard to achieve new breakthroughs.We will continue to make strategic adjustments in the distribution and structure of the state-owned sector.We will speed up the reform to introduce the corporate system in large state-owned enterprises, especially parent companies of enterprises under the central government, and we will diversify their ownership and improve their corporate governance.We will accelerate the reform of monopoly industries;promote reforms in public utilities;effectively expand market access;and actively introduce competitive mechanisms.We will create a market environment for fair competition among economic entities under diverse forms of ownership and facilitate stronger growth of the non-public sector.We will deepen the reform of prices for resource products and environmental protection charges.This is an important measure for conserving energy and resources, protecting the environment, and achieving sustainable development.We will expand the trial of direct transactions between major electricity consumers and producers;introduce tiered prices for household consumption of electricity and water;and improve the mechanism of price setting and cost sharing for electricity generated from renewable energy.We will improve the pricing policy for water used in apiculture.We will reform the system of sewage and garbage treatment charges.We will expand the trial of pollution rights trading.While pushing forward these reforms, we will balance the interests of different parties and ensure that the basic living conditions of people with low incomes are not adversely affected.We will continue to reform the ?scal and taxation systems.We will strengthen the public ?nance system.We will improve the system of transfer payments, increase general transfer payments, and enhance the ability of local governments to provide basic public services.We will strengthen the ?scal management system at and below the provincial level, set up a mechanism to ensure basic funding for county governments, and carry forward reforms that place county ?nances directly under the management of provincial governments.We will draw up budgets for all funds controlled by central and local governments, prepare budgets for social security funds on a trial basis, and improve the budget system for the use of state capital.We will continue to make progress in VAT reform.We will carry forward the reform of resource taxes.We will extend the urban construction and maintenance tax and education surcharges to foreign enterprises and nationals.Improving the ?nancial system is an important measure for countering the impact of the global ?nancial crisis.We will continue to improve corporate governance in ?nancial institutions in which the state holds a controlling stake, improve their business management, and raise their ability to manage and control risks.We will continue the reform of policy-based ?nancial institutions.We will steadily promote the transformation of asset management companies.We will deepen the reform of rural credit cooperatives.We will promote orderly development of small and medium-sized ?nancial institutions.We will vigorously develop the ?nancial market and encourage ?nancial innovation.We will promote pilot projects for the use of the renminbi in cross-border trade, and gradually develop overseas ?nancial activities using the renminbi.We will continue building the deposit insurance system.We will speed up the development of agricultural insurance.We will actively yet prudently push forward the reform of institutions on the basis of scienti?c classi?cations and in accordance with the requirements that government and business functions be spun off from institutions, and that supervision be separated from day-to-day operations.The reforms we are undertaking, including economic and political restructuring and reforms in other areas, are comprehensive.Without political restructuring, it would not be possible for economic restructuring and the modernization drive to succeed.We will develop socialist democracy, and effectively safeguard the democratic rights of the people as masters of the country, particularly their rights to vote and to stay informed about, participate and in, express views on, and oversee government affairs.We will further expand primary-level democracy, strengthen primary-level self-governing bodies, and improve the system of democratic administration at the primary level so that the people can better participate in the management of local public affairs.We will uphold the rule of law and continue to run the government in accordance with the law.We will further improve the legal system, particularly laws concerning the standardization and oversight of the exercise of power.We will innovatively revise the methods and mechanisms of the government's legislative Work and expand public participation in it.We will fully adapt to changes in the international situation, meet the needs of domestic development, and expand?the breadth and depth of opening up.We will steadily develop foreign trade.This year the main focus is on opening new markets and adjusting the foreign trade.We will adhere to the strategy of diversifying markets and the strategy of competing on quality;implement and improve policies and measures on export tax rebates, export credit, and export credit insurance;and continue to improve services related to customs, quality inspection, and foreign exchange.We will strengthen traditional markets and vigorously develop new markets.We will improve the export mix;stabilize exports of labor-intensive products;increase exports of electromechanical products as well as new-and high-technology products;energetically develop trade in services and service outsourcing;strive to cultivate exports of brand-name products and develop marketing networks and continue to strictly limit exports of resource products and products whose production consumes large quantities of energy and resources or is highly polluting.We will vigorously promote the transformation and upgrading of the processing trade.We will promote the balanced development of imports and exports;focus on increasing imports of advanced technology and equipment, key spare parts, and goods in short supply domestically;keep all policies and measures for promoting and facilitating imports stable;and urge developed countries to ease export restrictions on new-and high-technology products to China.We will promote coordination between using other countries' investment in China and making Chinese investment overseas.We will optimize the utilization of foreign investment;encourage more foreign investment in high-end manufacturing, new-and high-technology industries, modern service industries, and the new energy, energy-conservation and environmental protection industries;encourage multinational corporations to set up regional headquarters and other functional agencies in China;and encourage Chinese and foreign enterprises to strengthen cooperation in MD.We will encourage the use of foreign investment for restructuring, upgrading, merging, and reorganizing Chinese companies, and quickly establish a security review system for mergers and acquisitions involving foreign investment.We will work to attract both investment and talent from overseas.We will guide foreign investors to transfer and increase their investments to the central and western regions.We will accelerate the implementation of the “go global” strategy;encourage Chinese industries whose products are in demand in foreign markets to transfer their production capacity overseas in an orderly manner;support quali?ed enterprises to carry out overseas mergers and acquisitions;deepen mutually bene?cial cooperation concerning foreign resources;and improve the quality of overseas contracted projects and labor service cooperation.We will further simplify examination and approval procedures, and give enterprises decision-making power over their overseas investments.Enterprises that have “gone global” should operate in accordance with the law, avoid risks, prevent vicious competition, and safeguard the country's overall interests and good image.We will deepen multilateral and bilateral business cooperation.We will strengthen and improve business ties with developed countries, deepen mutually bene?cial cooperation with other developing countries, and conscientiously implement the eight new policy measures for China's pragmatic cooperation with African countries.We will make full use of the role of high-level economic dialogue and bilateral economic and trade joint commissions.We will quicken the pace of establishing free trade zones.We will actively 'participate in the Doha round of trade talks to reach a more reasonable and balanced outcome as early as possible.We will oppose protectionism in all forms and properly handle trade frictions.The Shanghai World Expo will open soon.We will strengthen cooperation with all participating countries, regions, and international organizations to make the Expo a successful, spectacular, and unforgettable event, and one that promotes the progress of human civilization, scienti?c and technological innovation, and exchanges and cooperation between, and common development of China and other countries of the world.8.Working hard to build a service-oriented government that the people are satis?ed with
Over the past year, new progress was made in government self-reform and self-development.To deal with dif?culties of all kinds, we paid particular attention to promoting democracy, listening to the opinions of the masses, and protecting their interests.Our civil servants are devoted, diligent and responsible, and they made positive contributions to sustaining economic growth and ensuring people's well-being and maintaining stability.Nevertheless, the government's work still fell considerably short of public expectations.The transformation of government functions is incomplete;there is too much government interference in the micro-economy, and public administration and services are relatively weak.Some government employees give too little consideration to carrying out their of?cial duties in accordance with the law;some leading cadres are divorced from reality and the masses, and are excessively formalistic and bureaucratic;and some areas are prone to corruption.With the focus on transforming government functions, we will deepen reform of the administrative system, work hard to make the government devoted to SerViell, strive to create a fair development environment for all types of market entities, deliver quality public services to the masses, and uphold social fairness and justice.We will fully and properly perform government functions and attach greater importance to public services and administration.We will quickly improve the public service system with full coverage for all, and comprehensively improve our ability to provide basic public services.We will improve the mechanisms for responding to major natural disasters and emergencies that threaten public safety.We will improve our ability to prevent and mitigate natural disasters.We will strengthen the oversight and supervision of food and drug quality.We will ensure workplace safety and reduce the occurrence of major accidents.We need to adapt to new circumstances, promote reform and innovation in the public administration system, and properly adjust the relationships between different interests.We will earnestly deal with serious infringements on the interests of the people related to conversion of enterprises to a stockholding system, land expropriation, housing demolition and resident relocation, environmental protection, labor disputes, and legal and litigation issues in order to safeguard the people's lawful rights and interests.We will improve the handling of public complaints lodged via letters or visits.We will improve supervision of and services for the ?oating population.We will strengthen all facets of public security, focus on resolving serious public security issues, and guard against and severely crack down on crimes of all sorts in accordance with the law in order to safeguard national security and social stability.We will work hard to improve our executive ability and earn greater public trust.We will continue to make decision making more scienti?c and democratic, and ensure that all of our policies are more suitable to conditions and can stand the test of time.We will strengthen inspection and oversight of policy implementation and ensure that all orders are carried out and all prohibitions are observed.We will strengthen administrative accountability.All persons who are derelict in their duty, fail to do their jobs or do them irresponsibly will be held fully accountable.All localities and departments must implement the decisions and arrangements of the central leadership effectively, and they may never go their own way.Government agencies at all levels and their civil servants must conscientiously abide by the Constitution and laws and carry out their administrative duties in strict accordance with the law.We will effectively improve law enforcement in government administration and work to ensure that laws are enforced in a standard, fair and civil manner.We will accelerate the establishment of a sound operating mechanism for government administration, one that allows decision making, enforcement, and oversight departments to restrain and coordinate with each other.We will give high priority to ?ghting corruption and encouraging integrity.This has a direct bearing on the ?rmness of our grip on political power.Leading cadres at all levels, especially high-ranking ones, must resolutely implement the central leadership's regulations on reporting the main facts concerning their personal ?nancial situations and property, including their incomes, housing and investments, as well as the jobs of their spouses and children, and willingly accept the oversight of departments for discipline inspection.We will make investigating and prosecuting major violations of the law and discipline an important task in the ?ght against corruption.We will get supervision and auditing departments to fully play their role in strengthening oversight of the exercise of administrative power.We will create a sound body of regulations to prevent and punish corruption, particularly administrative regulations concerning the allocation of public resources, trade in public assets, and the production of public goods, and we will also enhance their binding force.We will run the government diligently and frugally, oppose extravagance and waste, and constantly reduce administrative costs.We will strictly control the construction of of?ce buildings for Party and government bodies, prohibit extravagant remodeling of their of?ce buildings, accelerate the reform of regulations concerning of?cial receptions and the use of of?cial cars, and ?rmly restrict the use of public funds for traveling abroad.We will effectively reduce the number of meetings and documents, particularly meetings, celebrations, and forums that are long on form and short on content.We will promote transparency of administrative affairs, improve regulations for transparent governance and administrative review, create conditions for the people to criticize and oversee the government, let the news media fully play their oversight role, and exercise power openly.Everything we do we do to ensure that the people live a happier life with more dignity and to make our society fairer and more harmonious.Fellow Deputies,The Chinese nation's life, strength and hope lie in promoting solidarity achieving common progress of our ethnic groups.We must consolidate and develop socialist ethnic relations based on equality, unity, mutual assistance, and harmony.We will conscientiously implement the policies and measures of the central leadership to support development of ethic minorities and ethnic minority areas, and give high priority to supporting acceleration of the development of ethnic minority border areas.We will accelerate renovation of dilapidated buildings along our borders, and build permanent housing for nomads.Pilot programs for the new system of old-age insurance for rural residents need to be launched ?rst in border counties and poverty-stricken counties in ethnic minority areas, will increase our support for the development of ethnic groups with itnall populations.We will continue to bring prosperity to border areas and the people who live there.We will give high priority to protecting the cultural heritage of ethnic minorities and the ecosystems in ethnic minority areas.We will do a good job in our work concerning public services and employment for and supervision of ?oating populations from ethnic minorities, and protect their lawful rights and interests.In addition, we will cultivate national consciousness and the sense of citizenship.We need to take a clear-cut stand against attempts to split the nation, safeguard national unity, and get ethnic minorities and the people of all ethnic groups who live in ethnic minority areas to feel the warmth of the motherland as one large family.We will fully implement the Party's basic policies on religious work, and manage religious affairs in accordance with the law.We will get religious ?gures and religious believers to fully play their role in promoting economic development and social harmony.We will earnestly implement the Party's policy on overseas Chinese affairs.We will safeguard the lawful rights and interests of overseas Chinese and returned overseas Chinese and their relatives, and support them in passing on Chinese culture, participating in the motherland's modernization, and promoting the great cause of peaceful reuni?cation.Fellow Deputies,Last year further achievements were made in the modernization of national defense mid the People's Liberation Army(PLA)。The PLA and the People's Armed Police Force completed the major tasks of staging the National Day military parade in the capital and safeguarding stability in key areas, and played an important role in safeguarding the country's security and development interests.This year, we need to focus on the overall work of the Party and government and strengthen all aspects of the army in accordance with the principle of making it more revolutionary, modem, and standardized, so that it can complete its missions in this new stage and this new century.We will concentrate on making the army better able to win informationized local wars, and will enhance its ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks.We will work to strengthen the army ideologically and politically.We will accelerate the comprehensive development of a modem military logistics system.We will intensify R&D on national defense and the development of weapons and equipment.We will run the army strictly and in accordance with the law and make it more standardized.We will actively yet prudently deepen reform of national defense and the army.We will modernize improve the armed police force, and make it better able to carry out its duties, respond to emergencies, combat terrorism and safeguard stability.We will strengthen our national defense mobilization and reserve forces.Governments at all levels should, as always, care about and support the strengthening of national defense and the army, and consolidate and develop unity between the army and the government as well as between the army and the people.Fellow Deputies,We will unswervingly implement the principle of “one country, two systems,” under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong, and the people of Macao administer Macao both with a high degree of autonomy, and fully support Hong Kong and Macao in maintaining long-term prosperity and stability.We will support Hong Kong in consolidating and elevating its position as an international ?nancial, trade, and shipping center;developing industries with local advantages;and fostering new areas of economic growth.We will support Macao in developing its tourism and leisure industry and appropriately diversifying its economy.We will conscientiously implement the Outline of the Program for Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta, vigorously promote the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and other major cross-boundary infrastructure projects as well as the development of Zhuhai's Hengqin Island, deepen cooperation between Guangdong and the Hong Kong and Macao regions, and increase economic ties between the mainland and these two regions.The great motherland will remain a staunch supporter of Hong Kong and Macao forever.As long as the governments of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and their people from all walks of life work together;accommodate and help each other;and jointly safeguard overall prosperity, stability, and development, Hong Kong and Macao will enjoy a brighter future.Last year relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits made important progress from a historic new starting point, and a positive trend toward peaceful development emerged.Cross-Straits exchanges and cooperation constantly deepened, and complete, direct, two-way mail, transport and trade links were established.We took important steps to normalize cross-Straits economic relations, and economic cooperation between the two sides gradually became institutionalized.The constant improvement and development of cross-Straits relations brought real bene?ts to our compatriots on both sides.In the new year, we will continue to adhere to the principle of developing cross-Straits relations and promoting peaceful reuni?cation of the motherland, ?rmly embrace the theme of peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and constantly create new conditions for it.We will strengthen economic, trade, and ?nancial contacts between the two sides;deepen industrial cooperation;support the development of Taiwan-funded enterprises on the mainland;and safeguard the lawful rights and interests of our Taiwan compatriots.We will encourage quali?ed mainland enterprises to invest in Taiwan.We will support the economic zone in Fujian Province on the west coast of the Straits in playing its role in pioneering new approaches to exchanges and cooperation between the two sides.We will promote a win-win situation, set up an economic cooperation mechanism that re?ects the characteristics of both sides by negotiating and signing an economic cooperation framework agreement(ECEA)。We will expand cultural and educational exchanges, and work with Taiwan to promote Chinese culture.We will increase exchanges between people from all sectors of society on both sides, so that everyone can share in the fruits of the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and more fully realize the importance of promoting peaceful development.We will uphold the principle that the mainland and Taiwan belong to one and the same China, strengthen the political foundation for the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations, and enhance mutual political trust between the two sides.We ?rmly believe that with the concerted efforts of the Chinese people, we will achieve the complete reuni?cation of the motherland.Fellow Deputies,We achieved new, important results in our diplomatic work last year.We actively participated in international cooperation to respond to the global ?nancial crisis and climate change, and played a unique, constructive role in a series of major multilateral conferences.We energetically carried out all-round diplomacy, and made steady progress in dialogue and cooperation with major powers, neighboring countries, and developing countries.We greatly strengthened diplomacy in all ?elds, including cultural diplomacy.We effectively safeguarded the lawful rights and interests of Chinese nationals and corporations overseas.With a splendid, 60-year diplomatic history, New China has left shining footprints on the international stage.We will carry forward our ?ne traditions;always hold high the banner of peace, development, and cooperation;adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace and the path of peaceful development;pursue an open strategy of mutual bene?t;promote the building of a harmonious world with durable peace and common prosperity;and create a favorable external environment for China's modernization.In the new year, we will continue to use the G20 ?nancial summit and other major multilateral activities as our main platforms for actively participating in the process of change in the international system and safeguarding the interests of developing countries.We will make overall plans for coordinating bilateral and multilateral diplomacy as well as diplomacy with individual countries and regions and in various ?elds, and promote further, comprehensive development of our relations with major powers, neighboring countries, and developing countries.We will take advantage of the opportunities offered by the completion of the ASEAN-China free trade zone and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit to actively promote regional cooperation.We will continue to carry out diplomatic work in climate change, energy and resource cooperation, and other areas, and play a constructive role in ?nding proper solutions to hot issues and global problems.The Chinese government and people stand ready to work with the international community to respond to risks and challenges, share development opportunities, and make new contributions to world peace and development.Fellow Deputies,Hardship gives birth to great causes, and arduous struggle results in glorious achievements.Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, let us pool the wisdom and strength of the hundreds of millions of our people;redouble our efforts to break fresh ground;complete all the tasks set forth in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan;and constantly win new victories in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.
第二篇:温家宝总理政府工作报告
温家宝总理政府工作报告
——2012年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会
第五次会议
各位代表:
现在,我代表国务院,向大会报告政府工作,请各位代表审议,并请全国政协委员提出意见。
一、2011年工作回顾
过去的一年,面对复杂多变的国际政治经济环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展任务,全国各族人民在中国共产党领导下,同心同德,团结奋进,改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。国内生产总值47.2万亿元,比上年增长9.2%;公共财政收入10.37万亿元,增长24.8%;粮食产量57121万吨,再创历史新高;城镇新增就业1221万人,城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入实际增长8.4%和11.4%。我们巩固和扩大了应对国际金融危机冲击成果,实现了“十二五”时期良好开局。
一年来,我们主要做了以下工作:
(一)加强和改善宏观调控,遏制物价过快上涨,实现经济平稳较快发展。我们实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,坚持正确处理保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构和管理通胀预期的关系,更加注重把握好政策实施的重点、力度和节奏,努力做到调控审慎灵活、适时适度,不断提高政策的针对性、灵活性和前瞻性。在全球通胀预期不断增强,国际市场大宗商品价格高位波动,国内要素成本明显上升,部分农产品供给偏紧的严峻形势下,我们把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务,坚持综合施策,合理运用货币政策工具,调节货币信贷增速,大力发展生产,保障供给,搞活流通,加强监管,居民消费价格指数、工业生产者出厂价格指数涨幅从8月份起逐月回落,扭转了一度过快上涨势头。下半年,世界经济不稳定性不确定性上升,国内经济运行出现一些新情况新问题,我们一方面坚持宏观调控的基本取向不变,保持宏观经济政策基本稳定,继续控制通货膨胀;一方面适时适度预调微调,加强信贷政策与产业政策的协调配合,加大结构性减税力度,重点支持实体经济特别是小型微型企业,重点支持民生工程特别是保障性安居工程,重点保证国家重大在建、续建项目的资金需要,有针对性地解决经济运行中的突出矛盾。我们坚定不移地加强房地产市场调控,确保调控政策落到实处、见到实效。投机、投资性需求得到明显抑制,多数城市房价环比下降,调控效果正在显现。我们高度重视防范和化解财政金融领域的潜在风险隐患,及时对地方政府性债务进行全面审计,摸清了多年形成的地方政府性债务的总规模、形成原因、偿还时限和区域分布。这些债务在经济社会发展中发挥了积极作用,形成了大量优质资产;也存在一些风险隐患,特别是部分偿债能力较弱地区存在局部性风险。我们认真开展债务清理整顿和规范工作,严格控制增量,积极稳妥解决债务偿还和在建项目后续融资问题。目前,我国政府性债务水平是可控的、安全的。总的看,我国国民经济继续朝着宏观调控预期方向发展,抗风险能力不断增强,呈现增长较快、价格趋稳、效益较好、民生改善的良好态势。
(二)加快转变经济发展方式,提高发展的协调性和产业的竞争力。我们坚持有扶有控,促进结构调整和优化升级,增强发展后劲。巩固和加强农业基础。全面落实强农惠农富农政策,加大农业生产补贴力度,稳步提高粮食最低收购价,加强以农田水利为重点的农业农村基础设施建设,开展农村土地整治,加
强农业科技服务和抗灾减灾,中央财政“三农”支出超过1万亿元,比上年增加1839亿元。农业全面丰收,粮食总产量实现了历史罕见的“八连增”,连续5年超万亿斤,标志着我国粮食综合生产能力稳定跃上新台阶。继续推进农村危房改造,解决了6398万农村人口的饮水安全和60万无电地区人口的用电问题,农村生产生活条件进一步改善。
加快产业结构优化升级。大力培育战略性新兴产业,新能源、新材料、生物医药、高端装备制造、新能源汽车快速发展,三网融合、云计算、物联网试点示范工作步伐加快。企业兼并重组取得新进展。支持重点产业振兴和技术改造,中央预算投资安排150亿元,支持4000多个项目,带动总投资3000亿元。加快发展信息咨询、电子商务等现代服务业,新兴服务领域不断拓宽。交通运输产业快速发展,经济社会发展的基础进一步夯实。
推进节能减排和生态环境保护。发布实施“十二五”节能减排综合性工作方案、控制温室气体排放工作方案和加强环境保护重点工作的意见。清洁能源发电装机达到2.9亿千瓦,比上年增加3356万千瓦。加强重点节能环保工程建设,新增城镇污水日处理能力1100万吨,5000多万千瓦新增燃煤发电机组全部安装脱硫设施。加大对高耗能、高排放和产能过剩行业的调控力度,淘汰落后的水泥产能1.5亿吨、炼铁产能3122万吨、焦炭产能1925万吨。实施天然林保护二期工程并提高补助标准,实行草原生态保护奖补政策,开展湖泊生态环境保护试点。植树造林9200多万亩。
促进区域经济协调发展。深入实施区域发展总体战略和全国主体功能区规划。出台实施促进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展的一系列优惠政策。制定实施新10年农村扶贫开发纲要和兴边富民行动规划。区域发展协调性进一步增强,中西部和东北地区主要经济指标增速高于全国平均水平,东部地区产业转型升级步伐加快。城镇化率超过50%,这是中国社会结构的一个历史性变化。胜利完成四川汶川特大地震灾后恢复重建任务,积极推进青海玉树、甘肃舟曲、云南盈江抗灾救灾和恢复重建工作。
(三)大力发展社会事业,促进经济社会协调发展。各级政府加大对科技、教育、文化、卫生、体育事业的投入,全国财政支出2.82万亿元。
持续提升科技创新能力。加强基础研究和前沿技术研究。实施国家科技重大专项,突破一些关键核心技术,填补了多项重大产品和装备的空白。天宫一号目标飞行器与神舟八号飞船先后成功发射并顺利交会对接,成为我国载人航天发展史上新的里程碑。
扎实推进教育公平。深入贯彻落实教育改革和发展规划纲要。经过25年坚持不懈的努力,全面实现九年制义务教育。免除3000多万名农村寄宿制学生住宿费,其中1228万名中西部家庭经济困难学生享受生活补助。建立起完整的家庭经济困难学生资助体系。初步解决农民工随迁子女在城市接受义务教育的问题。推动实施“学前教育三年行动计划”,提高幼儿入园率。大力发展职业教育。加强中小学教师培训工作,扩大中小学教师职称制度改革试点,提高中小学教师队伍整体素质。首届免费师范生全部到中小学任教,90%以上在中西部。
大力加强文化建设。中央财政加大对文化惠民工程的支持,各地对公益性文化事业投入显著增加。扩大公共文化设施免费开放范围,服务面逐步拓展。文化体制改革继续推进,文化产业快速发展。文物保护、非物质文化遗产保护和
传承取得重要进展。大力加强群众体育设施建设,全民健身活动蓬勃开展,体育事业取得新成绩。
积极稳妥推进医药卫生事业改革发展。基本医疗保险覆盖范围继续扩大,13亿城乡居民参保,全民医保体系初步形成。政策范围内住院费用报销比例提高,重大疾病医疗保障病种范围进一步扩大。各级财政对城镇居民医保和新农合的补助标准由每人每年120元提高到200元。国家基本药物制度在政府办基层医疗卫生机构实现全覆盖,基本药物安全性提高、价格下降。公立医院改革试点有序进行。基层医疗卫生服务体系基本建成。基本公共卫生服务均等化取得新进展。
(四)切实保障和改善民生,解决关系群众切身利益的问题。我们坚持民生优先,努力使发展成果惠及全体人民,促进社会公平正义。实施更加积极的就业政策。多渠道开发就业岗位,全力推动以创业带动就业,加强职业技能培训和公共就业服务体系建设。加大财政、税收、金融等方面支持力度,着力促进高校毕业生、农民工等重点人群就业。高校毕业生初次就业率77.8%,同比提高1.2个百分点。农民工总量2.53亿人,比上年增长4.4%,其中,外出农民工1.59亿人,增长3.4%。
积极调整收入分配关系。着力提高低收入群众收入。农村居民人均纯收入实际增速为1985年以来最高,连续两年快于城镇居民;各地普遍较大幅度调高最低工资标准;连续第7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金,全年人均增加1680元,5700多万人受益;进一步提高城乡低保补助水平以及部分优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准,对全国城乡低保对象、农村五保供养对象等8600多万名困难群众发放一次性生活补贴;建立社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制。扩大中等收入者所占比重。个人所得税起征点从2000元提高到3500元。降低900多万个体工商户税负。中央决定将农民人均纯收入2300元(2010年不变价)作为新的国家扶贫标准,比2009年提高92%,把更多农村低收入人口纳入扶贫范围,这是社会的巨大进步。
加强社会保障体系建设。社会保障覆盖范围继续扩大,全国参加城镇基本养老保险、失业保险、工伤保险和生育保险人数大幅增加。2147个县(市、区)实施城镇居民社会养老保险试点,1334万人参保,641万人领取养老金。2343个县(市、区)开展新型农村社会养老保险试点,3.58亿人参保,9880万人领取养老金,覆盖面扩大到60%以上。解决了500多万名集体企业退休人员养老保障的历史遗留问题。将312万名企业“老工伤”人员和工亡职工供养亲属纳入工伤保险统筹管理。养老保险跨地区转移接续工作有序推进。社会保障体系不断健全,向制度全覆盖迈出重大步伐,这是推进基本公共服务均等化取得的重要成就。
大力推进保障性安居工程建设。出台关于保障性安居工程建设和管理的指导意见,完善财政投入、土地供应、信贷支持、税费减免等政策,着力提高规划建设和工程质量水平,制定保障性住房分配、管理、退出等制度和办法。中央财政安排资金1713亿元,是2010年的2.2倍,全年城镇保障性住房基本建成432万套,新开工建设1043万套。
努力维护社会公共安全。加强安全生产监管,做好重特大安全事故的处置、调查、问责工作。完善食品安全监管体制机制,集中打击、整治非法添加和违法生产加工行为。坚持以人为本、服务为先,加强和创新社会管理,着力排查化解各类社会矛盾,依法打击违法犯罪活动,保持社会和谐稳定。
(五)深入推进改革开放,为经济社会发展注入新的活力和动力。我们按照“十二五”规划提出的改革任务,加大攻坚力度,推动重点领域和关键环节的改革。
完善公共财政体系特别是预算管理制度,把预算外资金全部纳入预算管理,扩大国有资本经营预算实施范围,深化部门预算改革,推进政府预算、决算公开,98个中央部门和北京、上海、广东、陕西等省市公开“三公经费”。在全国范围实施原油、天然气资源税从价计征改革,出台营业税改征增值税试点方案。把跨境贸易人民币结算范围扩大到全国,启动境外直接投资人民币结算试点,开展外商直接投资人民币结算业务。深化集体林权制度改革,启动国有林场改革试点,依法开展草原承包经营登记。推进水利建设管理体制改革,创新水资源管理体制。深化国有企业改革。启动实施电网主辅分离改革重组以及上网电价和非居民用电价格调整方案。基本完成乡镇机构改革。事业单位分类改革有序开展。
我们坚持出口和进口并重,利用外资和对外投资并举,全面提升开放型经济水平。积极推进市场多元化战略,努力优化贸易结构。全年货物进出口总额
3.64万亿美元,增长22.5%,其中,出口增长20.3%,进口增长24.9%,贸易顺差进一步下降。实际使用外商直接投资1160亿美元,服务业和中西部地区比重提高。企业“走出去”步伐加快,非金融类对外直接投资601亿美元。积极参与国际和区域经济合作,多边双边经贸关系继续深化。
我们在民主法制建设、国防和军队建设、港澳台工作和外交工作等方面,都取得了卓有成效的进展。
第三篇:2011年温家宝总理政府工作报告
2011年总理作政府工作报告(全文)
各位代表:
现在,我代表国务院,向大会作政府工作报告,请各位代表审议,并请全国政协委员提出意见。
一、“十一五”时期国民经济和社会发展的回顾
“十一五”时期是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。面对国内外复杂形势和一系列重大风险挑战,中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民,全面推进改革开放和现代化建设,国家面貌发生了历史性变化。
这五年,我国社会生产力、综合国力显著提高。我们有效应对国际金融危机冲击,保持经济平稳较快发展,胜利完成“十一五”规划的主要目标和任务,国民经济迈上新的台阶。国内生产总值达到39.8万亿元,年均增长11.2%,财政收入从3.16万亿元增加到8.31万亿元。载人航天、探月工程、超级计算机等前沿科技实现重大突破。国防和军队现代化建设取得重大成就。
这五年,各项社会事业加快发展、人民生活明显改善。教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育事业全面进步。城镇新增就业5771万人,转移农业劳动力4500万人;城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别实际增长9.7%和8.9%;覆盖城乡的社会保障体系逐步健全。
这五年,改革开放取得重大进展。重点领域和关键环节改革实现新突破,社会主义市场经济体制更加完善。去年对外贸易总额达到2.97万亿美元,开放型经济水平快速提升。
这五年,我国国际地位和影响力显著提高。我们在国际事务中发挥重要的建设性作用,有力维护国家主权、安全和发展利益,全方位外交取得重大进展。我们成功举办北京奥运会、上海世博会,实现了中华民族的百年梦想。
这些辉煌成就,充分显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性,展现了改革开放的伟大力量,极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感,增强了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力,必将激励我们在新的历史征程上奋勇前进。
五年来,我们主要做了以下工作:
(一)加强和改善宏观调控,促进经济平稳较快发展。我们注重把握宏观调
技术和关键装备技术,一大批科研成果实现了产业化。服务业快速发展,在国内生产总值中占比提高2.5个百分点。基础设施建设明显加快,五年建成铁路新线1.6万公里,新增公路63.9万公里,其中高速公路3.3万公里,新建、改扩建机场33个,新建和加固堤防1.7万公里。二是扎实推进节能减排、生态建设和环境保护。提出到2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施,制定实施节能减排综合性工作方案。大力发展清洁能源,新增发电装机容量4.45亿千瓦,其中水电9601万千瓦、核电384万千瓦。关停小火电机组7210万千瓦,淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、钢铁、水泥、焦炭产能。推进林业重点生态工程建设,完成造林2529万公顷。综合治理水土流失面积23万平方公里,加强重点流域水污染防治、大气污染防治和工业“三废”治理。大力发展循环经济。五年累计,单位国内生产总值能耗下降19.1%,化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促进区域经济协调发展。落实区域发展总体战略,颁布实施全国主体功能区规划,制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划,推进促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆等民族地区跨越式发展的新举措。中西部和东北地区发展加快,经济增速等主要指标超过全国平均水平;东部地区经济结构不断优化,自主创新和竞争力逐步提高;地区间基本公共服务差距趋于缩小,各具特色的区域发展格局初步形成。
(四)坚定不移深化改革开放,增强经济社会发展内在活力。财政转移支付制度逐步完善,县级基本财力保障机制初步建立。增值税转型全面实施,成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进,资源税改革启动试点,内外资企业税制全面统一。国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成,政策性金融机构改革、农村信用社改革积极推进;平稳解决上市公司股权分置问题,创业板、股指期货和融资融券顺利推出,债券市场稳步发展;深入推进保险业改革开放;人民币汇率形成机制改革有序推进,跨境贸易人民币结算试点不断扩大。国有企业公司制股份制改革、国有资产监管体制改革取得积极进展。邮政体制改革加快推进。制定实施促进中小企业发展和民间投资的一系列政策,非公有制经济发展环境不断改善,多种所有制经济共同发展。
不断拓展对外开放的广度和深度。进出口总额年均增长15.9%,结构不断优化。贸易顺差连续两年下降,2010年比上年减少6.4%。利用外资水平进一步提
项资金,改造和新建2.3万所乡镇卫生院、1500所县医院、500所县中医院和1000所县妇幼保健院,建立了2400所社区卫生服务中心。制定并实施国家中长期人才发展规划纲要。人口规划目标顺利实现。文化体制改革取得重要进展。公共文化服务体系建设明显加快,文化产业蓬勃发展。哲学社会科学和新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术繁荣进步。城乡公共体育设施建设加快,全民健身活动蔚然成风。法制建设全面推进,“五五”普法顺利完成。创新和加强社会管理,社会保持和谐稳定。
抗击汶川特大地震等严重自然灾害的斗争取得重大胜利,汶川灾后恢复重建三年任务两年基本完成,玉树强烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾后恢复重建有序推进。经过灾难的洗礼,中国人民更加成熟、自信、坚强,中华民族百折不挠、自强不息的伟大精神不可战胜。
五年来,我们不断深化行政管理体制改革,加快转变政府职能,全面完成了新一轮政府机构改革,深入推进依法行政,建设法治政府和服务型政府,推进政务公开,加强行政问责,坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争,政府自身建设取得积极进展。
过去五年,我们是一步一个脚印走过来的,中国人民有理由为此感到自豪!五年的成绩来之不易。这是以总书记同志为总书记的党中央总揽全局、正确领导的结果,是全党全国各族人民共同努力奋斗的结果。在这里,我代表国务院,向全国各族人民,向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士,表示诚挚感谢!向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞,表示诚挚感谢!向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友,表示诚挚感谢!
我们清醒地认识到,我国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出。主要是:经济增长的资源环境约束强化,投资与消费关系失衡,收入分配差距较大,科技创新能力不强,产业结构不合理,农业基础仍然薄弱,城乡区域发展不协调,就业总量压力和结构性矛盾并存,制约科学发展的体制机制障碍依然较多;服务业增加值和就业比重、研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总之比重没有完成“十一五”规划目标。一些群众反映强烈的问题没有根本解决,主要是:优质教育、医疗资源总量不足、分布不均;物价上涨压力加大,部分城市房价涨幅过高;违法征地拆迁等引发的社会矛盾增多;食品安全问题比较突出;一些领域腐败现象严重。我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神,通过艰苦细致的工作和坚
受的程度统一起来,以改革促进和谐稳定,确保人民安居乐业、社会安宁有序、国家长治久安。
二、“十二五”时期的主要目标和任务
根据《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议》,我们编制了《国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要(草案)》,提交大会审议。
“十二五”是全面建设小康社会的关键时期,是深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期。从国际看,世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展,和平、发展、合作仍是时代潮流。国际金融危机影响深远,世界经济结构加快调整,全球经济治理机制深刻变革,科技创新和产业转型孕育突破,发展中国家特别是新兴市场国家整体实力步入上升期。从国内看,我国发展的有利条件和长期向好的趋势没有改,工业化、信息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化深入发展,市场需求潜力巨大,资金供给充裕,科技和教育水平整体提升,劳动力素质提高,基础设施日益完善,政府宏观调控和应对重大挑战的能力明显增强,社会大局保持稳定。综合判断国际国内形势,我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。
我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,适应国内外形势新变化,顺应各族人民过上更好生活新期待,以科学发展为主题,以加快转变经济发展方式为主线,深化改革开放,保障和改善民生,巩固和扩大应对国际金融危机冲击成果,促进经济长期平稳较快发展和社会和谐稳定,为全面建成小康社会打下具有决定性意义的基础。
我们要推动经济发展再上新台阶。今后五年,我国经济增长预期目标是在明显提高质量和效益的基础上年均增长7%。按2010年价格计算,2015年国内生产总值将超过55万亿元。要继续加强和改善宏观调控,保持价格总水平基本稳定,把短期调控政策和长期发展政策结合起来,坚持实施扩大内需战略,充分挖掘我国内需的巨大潜力,加快形成消费、投资、出口协调拉动经济增长的新局面。
我们要加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路,推动信息化和工业化深度融合,改造提升制造业,培育发展战略性新兴产业。加快发展服务业,服务业增加值在国内生产总值中的比重提高4个百分点。
参保率,政策范围内的医保基金支付水平提高到70%以上,全国城镇保障性住房覆盖面达到20%左右。坚持计划生育基本国策,逐步完善政策,促进人口长期均衡发展,人均预期寿命提高1岁。
我们要全面深化改革开放。更加重视改革顶层设计和总体规划,大力推进经济体制改革,积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革,加快推进文化体制、社会体制改革,不断完善社会主义市场经济体制,扩大社会主义民主,完善社会主义法制,使上层建筑更加适应经济基础发展变化,为科学发展提供有力保障。坚持和完善基本经济制度,营造各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。加快财税金融体制改革,积极构建有利于转变经济发展方式的财税体制,构建组织多元、服务高效、监管审慎、风险可控的金融体系。深化资源性产品价格和环保收费改革,建立健全能够灵活反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度和环境损害成本的资源性产品价格形成机制。实施更加积极主动的开放战略,培育参与国际合作与竞争新优势,进一步形成互利共赢的开放新格局。
我们要不断加强政府自身改革建设。政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的,必须对人民负责,为人民谋利益,接受人民监督;必须最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管理国家和社会事务,管理经济和文化事业;必须坚持依法治国基本方略,加强维护群众利益的法规建设,推进依法行政;必须实行科学、民主决策,建立健全决策、执行、监督既相互制约又相互协调的运行机制,确保权力正确行使;必须从制度上改变权力过分集中而又得不到制约的状况,坚决惩治和预防腐败;必须保障人民的民主权力和合法权益,维护社会公平正义。
总之,经过未来五年努力,实现“十二五”规划的各项目标,我国的综合国力就会有更大的提升,人民生活就会有更大的改善,国家面貌就会发生更大的变化。
三、2011年的工作
2011年,是“十二五”开局之年,做好今年的工作对于完成“十二五”各项目标任务至关重要。过去一年,我们的各项工作取得了很大成绩。国内生产总值增长10.3%,居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.3%,城镇新增就业1168万人,国际收支状况有所改善。这为做好今年的工作打下了良好基础。
今年,我国发展面临的形势仍然极其复杂。世界经济将继续缓慢复苏,但复苏的基础不牢。发达经济体经济增长乏力,失业率居高难下,一些国家主权债务
险管理,提高投资收益。
今年,重点要做好以下几方面工作。
(一)保持物价总水平基本稳定
当前,物价上涨较快,通胀预期增强,这个问题涉及民生、关系全局、影响稳定。要把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务,充分发挥我国主要工业品总体供大于求、粮食库存充裕、外汇储备较多等有利条件,努力消除输入性、结构性通胀因素的不利影响,消化要素成本上涨压力,正确引导市场预期,坚持抑制价格上涨势头。要以经济和法律手段为主,辅之以必要的行政手段,全面加强价格调控和监管。一是有效管理市场流动性,控制物价过快上涨的货币条件。把握好政府管理商品和服务价格的调整时机、节奏和力度。二是大力发展生产,保障主要农产品、基本生活必需品、重要生产资料的生产和供应。落实“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制。三是加强农产品流通体系建设,积极开展“农超对接”,畅通鲜活农产品运输“绿色通道”。完善重要商品储备制度和主要农产品临时收储制度,把握好国家储备吞吐调控时机,搞好进出口调节,增强市场调控能力。四是加强价格监管,维护市场秩序。特别要强化价格执法,严肃查处恶意炒作、串通涨价、哄抬价格等不法行为。五是完善补贴制度,建立健全社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制,绝不能让物价上涨影响低收入群众的正常生活。
(二)进一步扩大内需特别是居民消费需求
扩大内需是我国经济发展的长期额战略方针和基本立足点,也是促进经济均衡发展的根本途径和内在要求。
积极扩大消费需求。积极增加政府用于改善和扩大消费的支出,增加对城镇低收入居民和农民的补贴。继续实施家电下乡和以旧换新政策。加强农村和中小城市商贸流通、文化体育、旅游、宽带网络等基础设施建设。大力促进文化消费、旅游消费和养老消费。推动农村商业连锁经营和统一配送,优化城镇商业网点布局,积极发展电子商务、网络购物、地理信息等新型服务业态。大力整顿和规范市场秩序,切实维护消费者权益。深入开展打击侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品的专项治理行动。
大力优化投资结构。认真落实国务院关于鼓励引导民间投资新36条,抓紧
1农”的投入拟安排9884.5亿元,比上年增加1304.8亿元。继续增加对农民的生产补贴,新增补贴重点向主产区、重点品种、专业大户、农民专业合作组织倾斜。增加中央财政对粮食、油料、生猪调出大县的一般性转移支付,扩大奖励补助规模和范围。引导金融机构增加涉农信贷投放,确保涉农贷款增量占比不低于上年。加大政策性金融对“三农”的支持力度。健全政策性农业保险制度,建立农业再保险和巨灾风险分散机制。
深化农村改革,增强农村发展活力。坚持和完善农村基本经营制度,健全覆盖耕地、林地、草原等家庭承包经营制度。有序推进农村土地管理制度改革。探索建立耕地保护补偿机制。继续推进农村综合改革。全面实施村级公益事业建设一事一议财政奖补,大幅增加奖补资金规模。加快发展农民专业合作组织和农业社会化服务体系,提高农业组织化程度。年底前,在全国普遍建立健全乡镇或区域性农业技术推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构。
解决13亿中国人的吃饭问题始终是头等大事,任何时候都不能掉以轻心。我们有信心也有能力办好这件大事。
(四)加快推进经济结构战略性调整
这是转变经济发展方式的主攻方向。要推动经济尽快走上内生增长、创新驱动的轨道。调整优化产业结构。加快构建现代产业体系,推动产业转型升级。一是改造提升制造业。加大企业技术改造力度,重点增强新产品开发能力和品牌创建能力,提高能源资源综合利用水平、技术工艺系统集成水平,提高产品质量、技术含量和附加值。推动重点行业企业跨地区兼并重组。完善落后产能退出机制和配套政策。二是加快培育发展战略性新兴产业。积极发展新一代信息技术产业,建设高性能宽带信息网,加快实现“三网融合”,促进物联网示范应用。大力推动节能环保、新能源、生物、高端装备制造、新材料、新能源汽车等产业发展。要抓紧制定标准,完善政策,加强创新能力建设,发挥科技型中小企业作用,促进战略性新兴产业健康发展,加快形成生产能力和核心竞争力。三是大力发展服务业。加快发展生产性服务业,积极发展生活性服务业。大力发展和提升软件产业。着力营造有利于服务业发展的市场环境,加快完善促进服务业发展的政策体系。尽快实现鼓励类服务业用电、用水、用气、用热与工业基本同价。四是加强现代能源产业和综合运输体系建设。积极推动能源生产和利用方式变革,提高能源利
3理,实施天然林资源保护二期工程,落实草原生态保护补助奖励政策,巩固退耕还林还草、退牧还草等成果,大力开展植树造林,加强湿地保护与恢复,推进荒漠化、石漠化综合治理。完善防灾减灾应急预案,加快山洪地质灾害易发区调查评价、监测预警、防治应急等体制建设。
(五)大力实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略
科技、教育和人才是国家发展的基础和根本,必须始终放在重要的战略位置。
坚持优先发展教育。推动教育事业科学发展,为人们提供更加多样、更加公平、更高质量的教育。2012年财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到4%。加快发展学前教育。公办民办并举,增加学前教育资源,抓紧解决“入园难”问题。促进义务教育均衡发展。加强义务教育阶段学校标准化建设,公共资源配置重点向农村和城市薄弱学校倾斜。以流入地政府和公办学校为主,切实保障农民工随迁子女平等接受义务教育。支持民族地区教育发展,做好“双语”教学工作。全面推进素质教育。加快教育改革,切实减轻中小学生过重课业负担,注重引导和培养孩子们独立思考、实践创新能力。保证中小学生每天一小时校园体育活动。大力发展职业教育。引导高中阶段学校和高等学校办出特色,提高教育质量,增向学生就业创业能力。加强重点学科建设,加快建设一批世界一流大学。支持特殊教育发展。落实和完善国家助学制度,无论哪个教育阶段,都要确保每个孩子不因家庭经济困难而失学。
全面加强人才工作。以高层次和高技能人才为重点,加快培养造就一大批创新型科技人才和急需之紧缺人才。加大人才开发投入,推进重大人才工作。深化选人用人制度改革,努力营造平等公开、竞争择优的制度和社会环境,激励优秀人才脱颖而出,创造人尽其才的良好局面。
大力推进科技创新。加快实施国家科技重大专项,突破一批核心关键技术,提升重大集成创新能力。加强基础研究、前沿技术研究,增强原始创新能力。推动建立企业主导技术研发创新的体制机制。鼓励企业共同出资开展关键共性技术研发,共担风险、共享成果,对符合国家战略方向的项目,政府要从政策和资金上给予支持。深化科技管理体制改革,促进科技资源优化配置、高效利用和开放共享。激励科研院所、高等学校和广大科技人员以多种形式与企业合作。保持财政科技投入稳定增长,提高科研经费使用效率。坚定不移地实施国家知识产权战
5点解决城镇中低收入家庭住房困难,切实稳定房地产市场价格,满足居民合理住房需求。一是进一步扩大保障性住房建设规模。今年要再开工建设保障性住房、棚户区改造住房共1000万套,改造农村危房150万户。重点发展公共租赁住房。中央财政预算拟安排补助资金1030亿元,比上年增加265亿元。各级政府要多渠道筹集资金,大幅度增加投入。抓紧建立保障性住房使用、运营、退出等管理制度,提高透明度,加强社会监督,保证符合条件的家庭受益。二是进一步落实和完善房地产市场调控政策,坚决遏制部分城市房价过快上涨势头。制定并向社会公布住房建设计划,在新增建设用地计划中,单列保障性住房用地,做到应保尽保。重点增加中小套型普通商品住房建设。规范发展住房租赁市场。严格落实差别化住房信贷、税收政策,调整完善房地产相关税收政策,加强税收征管,有效遏制投机投资性购房。加强房地产市场监测和市场行为监管,严厉查处各类违法违规行为。三是建立健全考核问责机制。稳定房价和住房保障工作实行省级人民政府负总责,市县人民政府负直接责任。有关部门要加快完善巡查、考评、约谈和问责制度,对稳定房价、推进保障性住房建设工作不力,从而影响社会发展和稳定的地方,要追究责任。
推进医药卫生事业改革发展。今年是医改三年实施方案的攻坚年,要确保完成各项目标任务。一是在基层全面实施国家基本药物制度。建立完善基本药物保障供应体系,加强药品监督,确保用药安全,切实降低药价。二是抓好公立医院改革试点。鼓励各地在医院管理体制、医疗服务价格形成机制和监管机制等方面大胆探索。完善医疗纠纷调处机制,改善医患关系。三是提高基本医疗保障水平。稳定提高城镇职工、居民医保参保率和新农合参合率。
今年要把新农合和城镇居民医保财政补助标准提高到200元。四是完成农村三级卫生服务网络和城市社区卫生服务机构建设任务。今年全国人均基本公共卫生服务经费标准提高到25元。加强重大传染病、慢性病、职业病、地方病和精神疾病的预防控制和规范管理。加强妇幼保健工作,继续推进适龄妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌免费检查和救治保障试点。认真做好艾滋病防治工作。大力发展中医药和民族医药事业,落实各项扶持政策。五是鼓励社会资本举办医疗机构。放宽社会资本和外资举办医疗机构的准入范围。完善和推进医生多点执业制度,鼓励医生在各类医疗机构之间合理流动和在基层开设诊所,为人民群众提供便捷的医疗卫生服务。
7单位转企改制。大力发展文化产业,培育新型文化业态,推动文化产业成为国民经济支柱性产业。大力开展全民健身活动,促进群众体育和竞技体育协调发展。加强对外文化体育交流与合作,不断扩大中华文化国际影响力,让博大精深的中华文化再展辉煌。
(八)深入推进重点领域改革
继续推进国有经济战略性调整,健全国有资本有进有退、合理流动机制。完善国有金融资产、非经营性资产和自然资源资产监管体制,加强境外国有资产监管。继续鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展。健全财力与事权相匹配的财税体制,清理和归并专项转移支付项目,增加一般性转移支付,健全县级基本财力保障机制。在一些生产性服务业领域推行增值税改革试点,推进资源税改革。深化预算管理制度改革,全面编制政府性基金预算,扩大国有资本经营预算范围,试编社会保险基金预算。继续深化金融企业改革,加快建立现代金融企业制度。加快培育农村新型金融机构。继续大力发展金融市场,鼓励金融创新。推进利率市场化改革。扩大人民币在跨境贸易和投资中的使用。推进人民币资本项下可兑换工作。加强和改善金融监管,建立健全系统性金融风险防范预警体系和处置机制。完善成品油、天然气价格形成机制和各类电价定价机制。推进水价改革。研究制定排污权有偿使用和交易试点的指导意见。价格改革要充分考虑人民群众特别是低收入群众的承受能力。按照政事分开、事企分开、管办分开、营利性与非营利性分开的要求,积极稳妥地分类推进事业单位改革。
(九)进一步提高对外开放水平
中国的发展离不开世界。要积极发展互利互惠的多双边经贸关系,不断拓展新的开放领域和空间。继续推动多哈回合谈判,反对各种形式的保护主义,促进国际经济秩序朝着更加公正、合理、共赢的方向发展。
切实转变外贸发展方式。在大力优化结构和提高效益的基础上,保持对外贸易稳定增长。无论是一般贸易还是加工贸易出口,都要继续发挥劳动力资源优势,都要减少能源资源消耗,都要向产业链高端延伸,都要提高质量、档次和附加值。积极扩大自主品牌产品出口。大力发展服务贸易和服务外包,不断提高服务贸易的比重。坚持进口和出口并重,扩大先进技术设备、关键零部件和能源原材料进口,促进从最不发达国家和主要顺差来源国增加进口,逐步改善贸易不平衡状况,9人士和信教群众在促进经济发展、社会和谐中的积极作用。
继续加强侨务工作,维护海外侨胞、归侨侨眷的合法权益,充分发挥他们在促进祖国统一和民族振兴中的独特作用。
各位代表!
建立巩固的国防,建设强大的人民军队,是维护国家主权、安全、发展利益和全面建设小康社会的重要保障。要紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局,着眼有效履行新世纪新阶段我军历史使命,全面加强军队革命化现代化正规化建设,不断提高以打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心的完成多样化军事任务的能力。坚持把思想政治建设摆在首位。积极开展信息化条件下的军事训练。加快全面建设现代后勤步伐。推动军民融合式发展,加强国防科研和武器装备建设。积极稳妥地推进国防和军队改革。坚持依法治军、从严治军。坚决完成抢险救灾等急难险重任务。建设现代化武装警察力量,增强执勤、处置突发事件和反恐维稳能力。加强国防动员和后备力量建设,巩固和发展军政军民团结。
各位代表!
我们将坚定不移地贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针,全力支持香港、澳门两个特别行政区发展经济,改善民生。支持香港巩固和提升国际金融、贸易、航运中心地位。支持澳门建设世界旅游休闲中心,促进经济适度多元发展。充分发挥香港、澳门在国家整体发展战略中的独特作用。进一步提高内地与港澳合作的机制化水平,支持粤港澳深化区域合作,实现互利共赢。在中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程中,祖国内地人们将与港澳同胞携手奋进,共享伟大祖国的尊严与荣耀!
我们将坚持以新形势下发展的两岸关系、促进祖国和平统一的大政方针和各项政策。继续推进两岸协商,积极落实两岸经济合作框架协议,加强产业合作,加快新兴产业、金融等现代服务业合作发展,支持有条件的大陆企业赴台投资。支持海峡西岸经济区在推进两岸交流合作中发挥先行先试作用。深入开展两岸社会各界交流,积极拓展两岸文化教育合作。增进两岸政治互信,巩固两岸关系和平发展的政治基础,共同维护两岸关系和平发展的良好局面。我们坚信,只要海内外中华儿女继续共同努力奋斗,祖国和平统一大业一定能够实现!
各位代表!
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第四篇:2011年温家宝总理政府工作报告
2011年温家宝总理政府工作报告
各位代表:现在,我代表国务院,向大会作政府工作报告,请各位代表审议,并请全国政协委员提出意见。
一、“十一五”时期国民经济和社会发展的回顾。
“十一五”时期是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。面对国内外复杂形势和一系列重大风险挑战,中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民,全面推进改革开放和现代化建设,国家面貌发生了历史性变化。
这五年,我国社会生产力、综合国力显著提高。我们有效应对国际金融危机冲击,保持经济平稳较快发展,胜利完成“十一五”规划的主要目标和任务,国民经济迈上新的台阶。国内生产总值达到39.8万亿元,年均增长11.2%,财政收入从3.16万亿元增加到8.31万亿元。载人航天、探月工程、超级计算机等前沿科技实现重大突破。国防和军队现代化建设取得重大成就。
这五年,各项社会事业加快发展、人民生活明显改善。教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育事业全面进步。城镇新增就业5771万人,转移农业劳动力4500万人;城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别实际增长9.7%和8.9%;覆盖城乡的社会保障体系逐步健全。
这五年,改革开放取得重大进展。重点领域和关键环节改革实现新突破,社会主义市场经济体制更加完善。去年对外贸易总额达到2.97万亿美元,开放型经济水平快速提升。
这五年,我国国际地位和影响力显著提高。我们在国际事务中发挥重要的建设性作用,有力维护国家主权、安全和发展利益,全方位外交取得重大进展。我们成功举办北京奥运会、上海世博会,实现了中华民族的百年梦想。
这些辉煌成就,充分显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性,展现了改革开放的伟大力量,极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感,增强了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力,必将激励我们在新的历史征程上奋勇前进。
五年来,我们主要做了以下工作:
(一)加强和改善宏观调控,促进经济平稳较快发展。我们注重把握宏观调控的方向、重点和力度,牢牢掌握经济工作的主动权。“十一五”前期,针对投资增长过快、贸易顺差过大、流动性过剩,以及结构性、输入性物价上涨等问题,采取正确的政策措施,有效防止苗头性问题演变成趋势性问题、局部性问题演变成全局性问题。近两年,面对百年罕见的国际金融危机冲击,我们沉着应对,科学决策,果断实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策。坚持实施一揽子计划,大规模增加政府支出和实行结构性减税,大范围实施重点产业调整振兴规划,大力推进自主创新和加强科技支撑,大幅度提高社会保障水平。坚持扩大内需的战略方针,采取鼓励消费的一系列政策措施,增加城乡居民特别是低收入群众收入,消费规模持续扩大,结构不断升级。实施两年新增4万亿元的投资计划,其中,新增中央投资1.18万亿元,保障性安居工程、农村民生工程和社会事业投资占43.7%,自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占15.3%,重大基础设施建设占23.6%,灾后恢复重建占14.8%,政府投资引导带动社会投资,国内需求大幅增加,有效弥补外需缺口,较短时间内扭转经济增速下滑趋势,在世界率先实现回升向好,既战胜了特殊困难、有力地保障和改善了民生,又为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。
(二)毫不放松地做好“三农”工作,巩固和加强农业基础。中央财政“三农”投入累计近3万亿元,年均增幅超过23%。彻底取消农业税和各种收费,结束了农民种田交税的历史,每年减轻农民负担超过1335亿元。建立种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制,农民的生产补贴资金去年达到1226亿元。对重点粮食品种实行最低收购价和临时收储政策,小麦、稻谷最低收购价提高了25%到40%。严格保护耕地。着力推进农业科技进步。粮食产量屡创历史新高,去年达到1.09万亿斤,连续7年增产;农民人均纯收入达到5919元,实现持续较快增长。农村综合改革稳步推进,集体林权制度改革、国有农场管理体制改革全面推开。农业农村基础设施加快建设,完成7356座大中型和重点小型水库除险加固,解决2.15亿农村人口饮水安全问题,农民的日子越过越好,农村发展进入一个新时代。
(三)大力推进经济结构调整,提高经济增长质量和效益。一是加快产业结构调整和自主创新。积极推进企业技术改造和兼并重组,工业特别是装备制造业总体水平和竞争力明显提高。战略性新兴产业迅速成长。加快建设国家创新体系,实施知识创新工程和技术创新工程,突破了一批产业发展急需的前沿技术、核心技术和关键装备技术,一大批科研成果实现了产业化。服务业快速发展,在国内生产总值中占比提高2.5个百分点。基础设施建设明显加快,五年建成铁路新线1.6万公里,新增公路63.9万公里,其中高速公路3.3万公里,新建、改扩建机场33个,新建和加固堤防1.7万公里。二是扎实推进节能减排、生态建设和环境保护。提出到2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施,制定实施节能减排综合性工作方案。大力发展清洁能源,新增发电装机容量4.45亿千瓦,其中水电9601万千瓦、核电384万千瓦。关停小火电机组7210万千瓦,淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、钢铁、水泥、焦炭产能。推进林业重点生态工程建设,完成造林2529万公顷。综合治理水土流失面积23万平方公里,加强重点流域水污染防治、大气污染防治和工业“三废”治理。大力发展循环经济。五年累计,单位国内生产总值能耗下降19.1%,化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促进区域经济协调发展。落实区域发展总体战略,颁布实施全国主体功能区规划,制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划,推进促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆等民族地区跨越式发展的新举措。中西部和东北地区发展加快,经济增速等主要指标超过全国平均水平;东部地区经济结构不断优化,自主创新和竞争力逐步提高;地区间基本公共服务差距趋于缩小,各具特色的区域发展格局初步形成。
(四)坚定不移深化改革开放,增强经济社会发展内在活力。财政转移支付制度逐步完善,县级基本财力保障机制初步建立。增值税转型全面实施,成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进,资源税改
革启动试点,内外资企业税制全面统一。国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成,政策性金融机构改革、农村信用社改革积极推进;平稳解决上市公司股权分置问题,创业板、股指期货和融资融券顺利推出,债券市场稳步发展;深入推进保险业改革开放;人民币汇率形成机制改革有序推进,跨境贸易人民币结算试点不断扩大。国有企业公司制股份制改革、国有资产监管体制改革取得积极进展。邮政体制改革加快推进。制定实施促进中小企业发展和民间投资的一系列政策,非公有制经济发展环境不断改善,多种所有制经济共同发展。
不断拓展对外开放的广度和深度。进出口总额年均增长15.9%,结构不断优化。贸易顺差连续两年下降,2010年比上年减少6.4%。利用外资水平进一步提高。企业“走出去”步伐明显加快,累计对外直接投资2200亿美元,对外工程承包和劳务合作营业额3352亿美元。积极参与全球经济治理机制改革和区域合作机制建设,多边、双边经贸合作继续深化。对外援助规模持续扩大。对外开放有力促进了经济发展和结构调整,增加了就业,吸收了先进技术和管理经验,大大提高了我国的国际地位。
(五)加快发展社会事业,切实保障和改善民生。始终坚持经济发展与社会发展相协调,围绕改善民生谋发展。把就业放在经济社会发展的优先位置。加强职业培训和就业服务,促进高校毕业生、农村转移劳动力、城镇就业困难人员就业,做好退役军人就业安置工作。实施劳动合同法和就业促进法,普遍提高最低工资标准,推动建立和谐劳动关系。覆盖城乡的社会保障体系建设取得突破性进展,城镇职工基本养老保险实现省级统筹,实施养老保险关系跨省转移接续办法,连续7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平,年均增长10%,新型农村社会养老保险试点覆盖24%的县。积极稳妥推进医药卫生体制改革,全面建立城镇居民基本医疗保险制度、新型农村合作医疗制度,惠及4.32亿城镇职工和城镇居民、8.35亿农村居民。最低生活保障制度实现全覆盖,城乡社会救助体系基本建立,社会福利、优抚安置、慈善和残疾人事业取得新进展。全国社会保障基金积累7810亿元,比五年前增加5800多亿元。大力实施保障性住房建设和棚户区改造,使1100万户困难家庭住上了新房。我们要持之以恒,努力让全体人民老有所养、病有所医、住有所居。
制定和实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要。五年全国财政教育支出累计4.45万亿元,年均增长22.4%。全面实现城乡免费义务教育,所有适龄儿童都能“不花钱、有学上”。义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度全面实施。中等职业教育对农村经济困难家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉农农业的学生实行免费。加快实施国家助学制度,财政投入从2006年的18亿元增加到2010年的306亿元,覆盖面从高等学校扩大到中等职业学校和普通高中,共资助学生2130万名,还为1200多万名义务教育寄宿生提供生活补助。加快农村中小学危房改造和职业教育基础设施建设。全面提高高等教育质量和水平,增强高校创新能力。制定并实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要,中央财政科技投入6197亿元,年均增长22.7%,取得了一系列重大成果。大力加强基层医疗卫生服务能力建设。国家财政安排专项资金,改造和新建2.3万所乡镇卫生院、1500所县医院、500所县中医院和1000所县妇幼保健院,建立了2400所社区卫生服务中心。制定并实施国家中长期人才发展规划纲要。人口规划目标顺利实现。文化体制改革取得重要进展。公共文化服务体系建设明显加快,文化产业蓬勃发展。哲学社会科学和新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术繁荣进步。城乡公共体育设施建设加快,全民健身活动蔚然成风。法制建设全面推进,“五五”普法顺利完成。创新和加强社会管理,社会保持和谐稳定。
抗击汶川特大地震等严重自然灾害的斗争取得重大胜利,汶川灾后恢复重建三年任务两年基本完成,玉树强烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾后恢复重建有序推进。经过灾难的洗礼,中国人民更加成熟、自信、坚强,中华民族百折不挠、自强不息的伟大精神不可战胜。
二、“十二五”时期的主要目标和任务
根据《中国共产党中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议》,我们编制了《国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要(草案)》,提交大会审议。
“十二五”是全面建设小康社会的关键时期,是深化改革开放、加快转变经济发展方式的攻坚时期。从国际看,世界多极化、经济全球化深入发展,和平、发展、合作仍是时代潮流。国际金融危机影响深远,世界经济结构加快调整,全球经济治理机制深刻变革,科技创新和产业转型孕育突破,发展中国家特别是新兴市场国家整体实力步入上升期。从国内看,我国发展的有利条件和长期向好的趋势没有改,工业化、信息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化深入发展,市场需求潜力巨大,资金供给充裕,科技和教育水平整体提升,劳动力素质提高,基础设施日益完善,政府宏观调控和应对重大挑战的能力明显增强,社会大局保持稳定。综合判断国际国内形势,我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。
我们要高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,适应国内外形势新变化,顺应各族人民过上更好生活新期待,以科学发展为主题,以加快转变经济发展方式为主线,深化改革开放,保障和改善民生,巩固和扩大应对国际金融危机冲击成果,促进经济长期平稳较快发展和社会和谐稳定,为全面建成小康社会打下具有决定性意义的基础。
我们要推动经济发展再上新台阶。今后五年,我国经济增长预期目标是在明显提高质量和效益的基础上年均增长7%。按2010年价格计算,2015年国内生产总值将超过55万亿元。要继续加强和改善宏
观调控,保持价格总水平基本稳定,把短期调控政策和长期发展政策结合起来,坚持实施扩大内需战略,充分挖掘我国内需的巨大潜力,加快形成消费、投资、出口协调拉动经济增长的新局面。
我们要加快转变经济发展方式和调整经济结构。坚持走中国特色新型工业化道路,推动信息化和工业化深度融合,改造提升制造业,培育发展战略性新兴产业。加快发展服务业,服务业增加值在国内生产总值中的比重提高4个百分点。积极稳妥推进城镇化,城镇化率从47.5%提高到51.5%,完善城市化布局和形态,不断提升城镇化的质量和水平。继续加强基础设施建设,进一步夯实经济社会发展基础。大力发展现代农业,加快社会主义新农村建设。深入实施区域发展总体战略和主体功能区战略,逐步实现基本公共服务均等化。促进城乡、区域良性互动,一二三产业协调发展。
我们要大力发展社会事业。坚持优先发展教育,稳步提升全民受教育程度。坚持自主创新、重点跨越、支撑发展、引领未来的方针,完善科技创新体系和支持政策,着力推进重大科学技术突破。研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到2.2%,促进科技成果更好地转化为生产力。适应现代化建设需要,加强人才培养,努力造就规模宏大的高素质人才队伍。大力加强文化建设,推动文化改革发展实现新跨越,满足人民群众不断增长的精神文化需求。大力发展体育事业。进一步深化医药卫生体制改革,健全基本医疗卫生制度,加快实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务的目标。创新社会管理体制机制,加强社会管理法律、体制、能力建设,确保社会既充满活力又和谐稳定。
我们要扎实推进资源节约和环境保护。积极应对气候变化。加强资源节约和管理,提高资源保障能力,加大耕地保护、环境保护力度,加强生态建设和防灾减灾体系建设,全面增强可持续发展能力。非化石能源占一次能源消费比重提高到11.4%,单位国内生产总值能耗和二氧化碳排放分别降低16%和17%,主要污染物排放总量减少8%至10%,森林蓄积量增加6亿立方米,森林覆盖率达到21.66%,切实加强水利基础设施建设,推进大江大河重要支流、湖泊和中小河流治理,明显提高基本农田灌溉、水资源有效利用水平和防洪能力。
我们要全面改善人民生活。坚持把增加就业作为经济社会发展的优先目标,为全体劳动者创造公平的就业机会,五年城镇新增就业4500万人。坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度,努力实现居民收入增长和经济发展同步、劳动报酬增长和劳动生产率提高同步,逐步提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重,提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重,加快形成合理的收入分配格局。城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均实际增长超过7%。提高扶贫标准,减少贫困人口。加快完善社会保障制度,进一步提高保障水平。城乡基本养老、基本医疗保障制度实现全覆盖,提高并稳定城乡三项基本医疗保险参保率,政策范围内的医保基金支付水平提高到70%以上,全国城镇保障性住房覆盖面达到20%左右。坚持计划生育基本国策,逐步完善政策,促进人口长期均衡发展,人均预期寿命提高1岁。
我们要全面深化改革开放。更加重视改革顶层设计和总体规划,大力推进经济体制改革,积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革,加快推进文化体制、社会体制改革,不断完善社会主义市场经济体制,扩大社会主义民主,完善社会主义法制,使上层建筑更加适应经济基础发展变化,为科学发展提供有力保障。坚持和完善基本经济制度,营造各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。加快财税金融体制改革,积极构建有利于转变经济发展方式的财税体制,构建组织多元、服务高效、监管审慎、风险可控的金融体系。深化资源性产品价格和环保收费改革,建立健全能够灵活反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度和环境损害成本的资源性产品价格形成机制。实施更加积极主动的开放战略,培育参与国际合作与竞争新优势,进一步形成互利共赢的开放新格局。
我们要不断加强政府自身改革建设。政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的,必须对人民负责,为人民谋利益,接受人民监督;必须最广泛地动员和组织人民依法管理国家和社会事务,管理经济和文化事业;必须坚持依法治国基本方略,加强维护群众利益的法规建设,推进依法行政;必须实行科学、民主决策,建立健全决策、执行、监督既相互制约又相互协调的运行机制,确保权力正确行使;必须从制度上改变权力过分集中而又得不到制约的状况,坚决惩治和预防腐败;必须保障人民的民主权力和合法权益,维护社会公平正义。
总之,经过未来五年努力,实现“十二五”规划的各项目标,我国的综合国力就会有更大的提升,人民生活就会有更大的改善,国家面貌就会发生更大的变化。
三、2011年的工作
2011年,是“十二五”开局之年,做好今年的工作对于完成“十二五”各项目标任务至关重要。过去一年,我们的各项工作取得了很大成绩。国内生产总值增长10.3%,居民消费价格涨幅控制在3.3%,城镇新增就业1168万人,国际收支状况有所改善。这为做好今年的工作打下了良好基础。
今年,我国发展面临的形势仍然极其复杂。世界经济将继续缓慢复苏,但复苏的基础不牢。发达经济体经济增长乏力,失业率居高难下,一些国家主权债务危机隐患仍未消除,主要发达经济体进一步推行宽松货币政策,全球流动性大量增加,国际大宗商品价格和主要货币汇率加剧波动,新兴市场资产泡沫和通胀压力加大,保护主义继续升温。国际市场竞争更加激烈,不稳定不确定因素仍然较多。我国经济运行中一些长期问题和短期问题相互交织,体制性矛盾和结构性问题叠加在一起,加大了宏观调控难度。我们要准确判断形势,保持清醒头脑,增强忧患意识,做好应对风险的准备。
今年国民经济和社会发展的主要预期目标是:国内生产总值增长8%左右;经济结构进一步优化;居民消费价格总水平涨幅控制在4%左右;城镇新增就业900万人以上,城镇登记失业率控制在4.6%以内;国际收支状况继续改善。总的考虑是,为转变经济发展方式创造良好环境,引导各方面把工作着力点放在加快经济结构调整、提高发展质量和效益上,放在增加就业、改善民生、促进社会和谐上。
实现上述目标,要保持宏观经济政策的连续性、稳定性,提高针对性、灵活性、有效性,处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预
期的关系,更加注重稳定物价总水平,防止经济出现大的波动。
继续实施积极的财政政策。保持适当的财政赤字和国债规模。今年拟安排财政赤字9000亿元,其中中央财政赤字7000亿元,继续代地方发债2000亿元并纳入地方预算,赤字规模比上年预算减少1500亿元,赤字率下降到2%左右。要着力优化财政支出结构,增加“三农”、欠发达地区、民生、社会事业、结构调整、科技创新等重点支出;压缩一般性支出,严格控制党政机关办公楼等楼堂馆所建设,出国(境)经费、车辆购置及运行费、公务接待费等支出原则上零增长,切实降低行政成本。继续实行结构性减税。依法加强税收征管。对地方政府性债务进行全面审计,实施全口径监管,研究建立规范的地方政府举债融资机制。
实施稳健的货币政策。保持合理的社会融资规模,广义货币增长目标为16%。健全宏观审慎政策框架,综合运用价格和数量工具,提高货币政策有效性。提高直接融资比重,发挥好股票、债券、产业基金等融资工具的作用,更好地满足多样化投融资需求。着力优化信贷结构,引导商业银行加大重点领域和薄弱环节的信贷支持,严格控制对“两高”行业和产能过剩行业贷款。进一步完善人民币汇率形成机制。密切监控跨境资本流动,防范“热钱”流入。加强储备资产的投资和风险管理,提高投资收益。
今年,重点要做好以下几方面工作。
(一)保持物价总水平基本稳定
当前,物价上涨较快,通胀预期增强,这个问题涉及民生、关系全局、影响稳定。要把稳定物价总水平作为宏观调控的首要任务,充分发挥我国主要工业品总体供大于求、粮食库存充裕、外汇储备较多等有利条件,努力消除输入性、结构性通胀因素的不利影响,消化要素成本上涨压力,正确引导市场预期,坚持抑制价格上涨势头。要以经济和法律手段为主,辅之以必要的行政手段,全面加强价格调控和监管。一是有效管理市场流动性,控制物价过快上涨的货币条件。把握好政府管理商品和服务价格的调整时机、节奏和力度。二是大力发展生产,保障主要农产品、基本生活必需品、重要生产资料的生产和供应。落实“米袋子”省长负责制和“菜篮子”市长负责制。三是加强农产品流通体系建设,积极开展“农超对接”,畅通鲜活农产品运输“绿色通道”。完善重要商品储备制度和主要农产品临时收储制度,把握好国家储备吞吐调控时机,搞好进出口调节,增强市场调控能力。四是加强价格监管,维护市场秩序。特别要强化价格执法,严肃查处恶意炒作、串通涨价、哄抬价格等不法行为。五是完善补贴制度,建立健全社会救助和保障标准与物价上涨挂钩的联动机制,绝不能让物价上涨影响低收入群众的正常生活。
(二)进一步扩大内需特别是居民消费需求
扩大内需是我国经济发展的长期额战略方针和基本立足点,也是促进经济均衡发展的根本途径和内在要求。
积极扩大消费需求。积极增加政府用于改善和扩大消费的支出,增加对城镇低收入居民和农民的补贴。继续实施家电下乡和以旧换新政策。加强农村和中小城市商贸流通、文化体育、旅游、宽带网络等基础设施建设。大力促进文化消费、旅游消费和养老消费。推动农村商业连锁经营和统一配送,优化城镇商业网点布局,积极发展电子商务、网络购物、地理信息等新型服务业态。大力整顿和规范市场秩序,切实维护消费者权益。深入开展打击侵犯知识产权和制售假冒伪劣商品的专项治理行动。
大力优化投资结构。认真落实国务院关于鼓励引导民间投资新36条,抓紧制定公开透明的市场准入标准和支持政策,切实放宽市场准入,真正破除各种有形和无形的壁垒,鼓励和引导民间资本进入基础产业和基础设施、市政公用事业、社会事业、金融服务等领域,推动民营企业和加强自主创新和转型升级,鼓励和引导民间资本重组联合和参与国有企业改革,加强对民间投资的服务、指导和规范管理,促进社会投资稳定增长和结构优化。充分发挥政府投资对结构调整的引导作用,优先保证重点在建、续建项目的资金需求,有序启动“十二五”规划重大项目建设。防止盲目投资和重复建设。严格执行投资项目用地、节能、环保、安全等准入标准,提高投资质量和效益。
(三)巩固和加强农业基础地位
坚持把“三农”工作放在重中之重,在工业化、城镇化深入发展中同步推进农业现代化,巩固和发展农业农村好形势。
确保农产品供给,多渠道增加农民收入。要把保障粮食安全作为首要目标,毫不放松地抓好农业生产。稳定粮食种植面积,支持优势产区生产棉花、油料、糖料等大宗产品。大力发展畜牧业、渔业、林业。切实抓好新一轮“菜篮子”工程建设,大中城市郊区要有基本的菜地面积和生鲜食品供给能力。强化农业科技支撑,发展壮大农作物种业,大规模开展高产创建。继续实施粮食最低收购价政策,今年小麦最低收购价每50公斤提高5到7元,水稻最低收购价每50公斤提高9到23元。大力发展农村非农产业,壮大县域经济,提高农民职业技能和创业、创收能力,促进农民就地就近转移就业。提高扶贫标准,加大扶贫开发力度。
大兴水利,全面加强农业农村基础设施建设。重点加强农田水利建设、中小河流治理、小型水库和病险水闸除险加固以及山洪地质灾害防治。完善排灌设施,发展节水灌溉,加固河流堤岸,搞好清淤疏浚,消除水库隐患,扩大防洪库容。通过几年努力,全面提高防汛抗旱、防灾减灾能力。大力推进农村土地开发整理,大规模建设旱涝保收高标准农田,加快全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设。加强农村水电路气房建设,大力改善农村生产生活条件,努力为农民建设美好家园。
加大“三农”投入,完善强农惠农政策。财政支出重点向农业农村倾斜,确保用于农业农村的总量、增量均有提高;预算内固定资产投资重点用于农业农村基础设施建设,确保总量和比重进一步提高;土地出让收益重点投向农业土地开发、农田水利和农村基础设施建设,确保足额提取、定向使用。今年中央财政用于“三农”的投入拟安排9884.5亿元,比上年增加1304.8亿元。继续增加对农民的生产补贴,新增补贴重点向主产区、重点品种、专业大户、农民专业合作组织倾斜。增加中央财政对粮食、油料、生猪调出
大县的一般性转移支付,扩大奖励补助规模和范围。引导金融机构增加涉农信贷投放,确保涉农贷款增量占比不低于上年。加大政策性金融对“三农”的支持力度。健全政策性农业保险制度,建立农业再保险和巨灾风险分散机制。
深化农村改革,增强农村发展活力。坚持和完善农村基本经营制度,健全覆盖耕地、林地、草原等家庭承包经营制度。有序推进农村土地管理制度改革。探索建立耕地保护补偿机制。继续推进农村综合改革。全面实施村级公益事业建设一事一议财政奖补,大幅增加奖补资金规模。加快发展农民专业合作组织和农业社会化服务体系,提高农业组织化程度。年底前,在全国普遍建立健全乡镇或区域性农业技术推广、动植物疫病防控、农产品质量监管等公共服务机构。
解决13亿中国人的吃饭问题始终是头等大事,任何时候都不能掉以轻心。我们有信心也有能力办好这件大事。
(四)加快推进经济结构战略性调整
这是转变经济发展方式的主攻方向。要推动经济尽快走上内生增长、创新驱动的轨道。
调整优化产业结构。加快构建现代产业体系,推动产业转型升级。一是改造提升制造业。加大企业技术改造力度,重点增强新产品开发能力和品牌创建能力,提高能源资源综合利用水平、技术工艺系统集成水平,提高产品质量、技术含量和附加值。推动重点行业企业跨地区兼并重组。完善落后产能退出机制和配套政策。二是加快培育发展战略性新兴产业。积极发展新一代信息技术产业,建设高性能宽带信息网,加快实现“三网融合”,促进物联网示范应用。大力推动节能环保、新能源、生物、高端装备制造、新材料、新能源汽车等产业发展。要抓紧制定标准,完善政策,加强创新能力建设,发挥科技型中小企业作用,促进战略性新兴产业健康发展,加快形成生产能力和核心竞争力。三是大力发展服务业。加快发展生产性服务业,积极发展生活性服务业。大力发展和提升软件产业。着力营造有利于服务业发展的市场环境,加快完善促进服务业发展的政策体系。尽快实现鼓励类服务业用电、用水、用气、用热与工业基本同价。四是加强现代能源产业和综合运输体系建设。积极推动能源生产和利用方式变革,提高能源利用效率。推进传统能源清洁利用,加强智能电网建设,大力发展清洁能源。统筹发展、加快构建便捷、安全、高效的综合运输体系。坚持陆海统筹,推进海洋经济发展。
促进区域协调发展。全面落实各项区域发展规划。坚持把实施西部大开发战略放在区域发展总体战略的优先位置,认真落实西部大开发新十年的政策措施和促进西藏、新疆等地区跨越式发展的各项举措。全面振兴东北地区等老工业基地,继续推进资源型城市转型。大力促进中部地区崛起,进一步发挥承东启西的区位优势。积极支持东部地区率先发展,在体制机制创新和发展方式转变上走在全国前列。更好发挥深圳等经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区改革开放中先行先试的作用。加大力度支持革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区发展,颁布实施2011-2020年中国农村扶贫开发纲要,启动集中连片特殊困难地区扶贫开发攻坚工程,加快贫困地区脱贫致富步伐。
积极稳步推进城镇化。坚持走中国特色城镇化道路,遵循城市发展规律,促进城镇化健康发展。坚持科学规划,严格管理。加强城市基础设施和公共服务设施建设,增强城镇综合承载能力,提高管理和服务水平。因地制宜,分步推进,把有稳定劳动关系并在城镇居住一定年限的农民工,逐步转为城镇居民。对暂不具备落户条件的农民工,要解决好他们在劳动报酬、子女就学、公共卫生、住房租赁、社会保障等面的实际问题。要充分尊重农民在进城和留乡问题上的自主选择权,切实保护农民承包地、宅基地等合法权益。城镇化要同农业现代化和新农村建设相互促进,这是必须坚持的正确方向。
加强节能环保和生态建设,积极应对气候变化。突出抓好工业、建筑、交通运输、公共机构等领域节能。继续实施重点节能工程。大力开展工业节能,推广节能技术,运用节能设备,提高能源利用效率。加大既有建筑节能改造投入,积极推进新建建筑节能。大力发展循环经济。推进低碳城市试点。加强适应气候变化特别是应对极端气候事件能力建设。建立完善温室气体排放和节能减排统计监测制度。加快城镇污水管网、垃圾处理设施的规划和建设,推广污水处理回用。启动燃煤电厂脱硝工作,深化颗粒物污染防治。加强海洋污染治理。加快重点流域水污染治理、大气污染治理、重点地区重金属污染治理和农村环境综合整治,控制农村面源污染。继续实施重大生态修复工程,加强重点生态功能区保护和管理,实施天然林资源保护二期工程,落实草原生态保护补助奖励政策,巩固退耕还林还草、退牧还草等成果,大力开展植树造林,加强湿地保护与恢复,推进荒漠化、石漠化综合治理。完善防灾减灾应急预案,加快山洪地质灾害易发区调查评价、监测预警、防治应急等体制建设。
(五)大力实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略
科技、教育和人才是国家发展的基础和根本,必须始终放在重要的战略位置。
坚持优先发展教育。推动教育事业科学发展,为人们提供更加多样、更加公平、更高质量的教育。2012年财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值比重达到4%。加快发展学前教育。公办民办并举,增加学前教育资源,抓紧解决“入园难”问题。促进义务教育均衡发展。加强义务教育阶段学校标准化建设,公共资源配置重点向农村和城市薄弱学校倾斜。以流入地政府和公办学校为主,切实保障农民工随迁子女平等接受义务教育。支持民族地区教育发展,做好“双语”教学工作。全面推进素质教育。加快教育改革,切实减轻中小学生过重课业负担,注重引导和培养孩子们独立思考、实践创新能力。保证中小学生每天一小时校园体育活动。大力发展职业教育。引导高中阶段学校和高等学校办出特色,提高教育质量,增向学生就业创业能力。加强重点学科建设,加快建设一批世界一流大学。支持特殊教育发展。落实和完善国家助学制度,无论哪个教育阶段,都要确保每个孩子不因家庭经济困难而失学。
全面加强人才工作。以高层次和高技能人才为重点,加快培养造就一大批创新型科技人才和急需之紧缺人才。加大人才开发投入,推进重大人才工作。深化选
人用人制度改革,努力营造平等公开、竞争择优的制度和社会环境,激励优秀人才脱颖而出,创造人尽其才的良好局面。大力推进科技创新。加快实施国家科技重大专项,突破一批核心关键技术,提升重大集成创新能力。加强基础研究、前沿技术研究,增强原始创新能力。推动建立企业主导技术研发创新的体制机制。鼓励企业共同出资开展关键共性技术研发,共担风险、共享成果,对符合国家战略方向的项目,政府要从政策和资金上给予支持。深化科技管理体制改革,促进科技资源优化配置、高效利用和开放共享。激励科研院所、高等学校和广大科技人员以多种形式与企业合作。保持财政科技投入稳定增长,提高科研经费使用效率。坚定不移地实施国家知识产权战略,提升知识产权的创造、应用、保护管理能力,激发全社会创新活力。
(六)加强社会建设和保障改善民生
经济越发展,越要重视加强社会建设和保障改善民生。
千方百计扩大就业。继续实施更加积极的就业政策。今年中央财政拟投入423亿元,用于扶助和促进就业。要适应我国劳动力结构特点,大力发展劳动密集型产业、服务业、小型微型企业和创新型科技企业,努力满足不同层次的就业需求。继续把高校毕业生就业放在首位,做好重点人群就业工作。加强职业技能培训,鼓励自主创业。加强公共就业服务,健全统一规范灵活人力资源市场。加快就业信息网络建设,实现全国互联互通。加强劳动保障监察执法,完善劳动争议处理机制,依法维护劳动者权益,构建和谐劳动关系。
合理调整收入分配关系。这既是一项长期任务,也是当前的紧迫工作。今年重点采取三方面措施:一是着力提高城乡低收入群众的基本收入。稳步提高职工最低工资、企业退休人员基本养老金和城乡居民生活最低保障标准。建立健全职工工资正常增长机制,严格执行最低工资制度。二是加快收入分配调节力度。提高个人所得税工薪所得费用扣除标准,合理调整税率结构,切实减轻中低收入者税收负担。有效调节过高收入,加强对收入过高行业工资总额和工资水平的双重调控,严格规范国有企业、金融机构高管人员薪酬管理。三是大力整顿和规范收入分配秩序。坚决取缔非法收入。加快建立收入分配监测系统。通过持续不断的努力,尽快扭转收入分配差距扩大趋势,努力使广大人民群众更多分享改革发展成果。
加快健全覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系。将新型农村社会养老保险试点范围扩大到全国40%的县。推进城镇居民养老保险试点,解决集体企业退休人员养老保障的历史遗留问题,建立企业退休人员基本养老金正常调整机制。积极推进机关和事业单位养老保险制度改革。将国有企业、集体企业“老工伤”人员纳入工伤保险制度。完善城乡低保制度。继续多渠道增加社会保障基金。将孤儿养育、教育和残疾孤儿康复等纳入财政保障范围。继续推进残疾人社会保障体系和服务体系建设。加快推进社会保障管理信息化。发挥商业保险在完善社会保障体系中的作用。大力发展慈善事业。
坚定不移地搞好房地产市场调控。加快健全房地产市场调控的长效机制,重点解决城镇中低收入家庭住房困难,切实稳定房地产市场价格,满足居民合理住房需求。一是进一步扩大保障性住房建设规模。今年要再开工建设保障性住房、棚户区改造住房共1000万套,改造农村危房150万户。重点发展公共租赁住房。中央财政预算拟安排补助资金1030亿元,比上年增加265亿元。各级政府要多渠道筹集资金,大幅度增加投入。抓紧建立保障性住房使用、运营、退出等管理制度,提高透明度,加强社会监督,保证符合条件的家庭受益。二是进一步落实和完善房地产市场调控政策,坚决遏制部分城市房价过快上涨势头。制定并向社会公布住房建设计划,在新增建设用地计划中,单列保障性住房用地,做到应保尽保。重点增加中小套型普通商品住房建设。规范发展住房租赁市场。严格落实差别化住房信贷、税收政策,调整完善房地产相关税收政策,加强税收征管,有效遏制投机投资性购房。加强房地产市场监测和市场行为监管,严厉查处各类违法违规行为。三是建立健全考核问责机制。稳定房价和住房保障工作实行省级人民政府负总责,市县人民政府负直接责任。有关部门要加快完善巡查、考评、约谈和问责制度,对稳定房价、推进保障性住房建设工作不力,从而影响社会发展和稳定的地方,要追究责任。
推进医药卫生事业改革发展。今年是医改三年实施方案的攻坚年,要确保完成各项目标任务。一是在基层全面实施国家基本药物制度。建立完善基本药物保障供应体系,加强药品监督,确保用药安全,切实降低药价。二是抓好公立医院改革试点。鼓励各地在医院管理体制、医疗服务价格形成机制和监管机制等方面大胆探索。完善医疗纠纷调处机制,改善医患关系。三是提高基本医疗保障水平。稳定提高城镇职工、居民医保参保率和新农合参合率。今年要把新农合和城镇居民医保财政补助标准提高到200元。四是完成农村三级卫生服务网络和城市社区卫生服务机构建设任务。今年全国人均基本公共卫生服务经费标准提高到25元。加强重大传染病、慢性病、职业病、地方病和精神疾病的预防控制和规范管理。加强妇幼保健工作,继续推进适龄妇女宫颈癌、乳腺癌免费检查和救治保障试点。认真做好艾滋病防治工作。大力发展中医药和民族医药事业,落实各项扶持政策。五是鼓励社会资本举办医疗机构。放宽社会资本和外资举办医疗机构的准入范围。完善和推进医生多点执业制度,鼓励医生在各类医疗机构之间合理流动和在基层开设诊所,为人民群众提供便捷的医疗卫生服务。
全面做好人口和计划生育工作。继续稳定低生育水平。做好流动人口计划生育服务管理工作。加强出生缺陷干预,进一步扩大免费孕前优生健康检查试点,做好孕产妇和婴幼儿保健工作。农村妇女住院分娩率达到95%以上。实施新一轮妇女儿童发展纲要,切实保护妇女和未成年人权益。加快建立健全老年人社会服务体系,加强公益性养老服务设施建设。
加强和创新社会管理。强化政府社会管理职能,广泛动员和组织群众依法参与社会管理,发挥社会组织的积极作用,完善社会管理格局。以城乡社区为载体,以居民需求为导向,整合人口、就业、社保、民政、卫生、文化等社会管理职能和服务资源,实现政府行政管理与基层群众自治有效衔接和良性互动。加快建立健全维护群众权益机制、行政决策风险评估和纠错机制,加强信访、人民调解、行政调解工作,拓宽社情民意表达渠道,切实解决乱占耕地、违法拆迁等群众反映强烈的问题。加强和完善公共安全体系。健全突发事件应急体
制,提高全社会危机管理和抗风险能力。加强信息安全和保密工作,完善信息网络管理。加强社会治安综合治理,严密防范、依法打击各类违法犯罪活动。落实企业安全生产和产品质量主体责任,坚决遏制重特大安全生产事故。完善食品安全监管体制机制,健全法制,严格标准,完善监测评估、检验检测体系,强化地方政府监管责任,加强监管执法,全面提高食品安全保障水平。
各级政府一定要把社会管理和公共服务摆到更加重要的位置,切实解决人民群众最关心最直接最现实的利益问题。
(七)大力加强文化建设
文化对民族和国家的影响更深刻、更久远。要更好地满足人民群众多层次多样化文化需求,发挥文化引导社会、教育人民、推动发展的功能,增强民族凝聚力和创造力。加强公民道德建设,在全社会树立中国特色社会主义的共同理想和信念,加快构建传承中华传统美德、符合社会主义精神文明要求、适应社会主义市场经济的道德和行为规范。加强诚信体系建设,建立相关制度和法律法规。增强公共文化产品供给和服务能力,重点加强中西部地区和城乡基层的文化基础设施建设,继续实施文化惠民工程。扶持公益性文化事业,加强文化遗产保护、利用和传承。进一步繁荣哲学社会科学。发展新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术、档案事业。加强对互联网的利用和管理。深化文化体制改革,积极推进经营性文化单位转企改制。大力发展文化产业,培育新型文化业态,推动文化产业成为国民经济支柱性产业。大力开展全民健身活动,促进群众体育和竞技体育协调发展。加强对外文化体育交流与合作,不断扩大中华文化国际影响力,让博大精深的中华文化再展辉煌。
(八)深入推进重点领域改革
继续推进国有经济战略性调整,健全国有资本有进有退、合理流动机制。完善国有金融资产、非经营性资产和自然资源资产监管体制,加强境外国有资产监管。继续鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展。健全财力与事权相匹配的财税体制,清理和归并专项转移支付项目,增加一般性转移支付,健全县级基本财力保障机制。在一些生产性服务业领域推行增值税改革试点,推进资源税改革。深化预算管理制度改革,全面编制政府性基金预算,扩大国有资本经营预算范围,试编社会保险基金预算。继续深化金融企业改革,加快建立现代金融企业制度。加快培育农村新型金融机构。继续大力发展金融市场,鼓励金融创新。推进利率市场化改革。扩大人民币在跨境贸易和投资中的使用。推进人民币资本项下可兑换工作。加强和改善金融监管,建立健全系统性金融风险防范预警体系和处置机制。完善成品油、天然气价格形成机制和各类电价定价机制。推进水价改革。研究制定排污权有偿使用和交易试点的指导意见。价格改革要充分考虑人民群众特别是低收入群众的承受能力。按照政事分开、事企分开、管办分开、营利性与非营利性分开的要求,积极稳妥地分类推进事业单位改革。
(九)进一步提高对外开放水平
中国的发展离不开世界。要积极发展互利互惠的多双边经贸关系,不断拓展新的开放领域和空间。继续推动多哈回合谈判,反对各种形式的保护主义,促进国际经济秩序朝着更加公正、合理、共赢的方向发展。
切实转变外贸发展方式。在大力优化结构和提高效益的基础上,保持对外贸易稳定增长。无论是一般贸易还是加工贸易出口,都要继续发挥劳动力资源优势,都要减少能源资源消耗,都要向产业链高端延伸,都要提高质量、档次和附加值。积极扩大自主品牌产品出口。大力发展服务贸易和服务外包,不断提高服务贸易的比重。坚持进口和出口并重,扩大先进技术设备、关键零部件和能源原材料进口,促进从最不发达国家和主要顺差来源国增加进口,逐步改善贸易不平衡状况,妥善处理贸易摩擦。
推动对外投资和利用外资协调发展。加快实施“走出去”战略,完善相关支持政策,简化审批手续,为符合条件的企业和个人到境外投资提供便利。鼓励企业积极有序开展跨国经营。加强对外投资的宏观指导,健全投资促进和保护机制,防范投资风险。坚持积极有效利用外资的方针,注重引进先进技术和人才、智力资源,鼓励跨国公司在华设立研发中心,切实提高利用外资的总体水平和综合效益。抓紧修订外商投资产业目录,鼓励外资投向高新技术、节能环保、现代服务业等领域和中西部地区。
(十)加强廉政建设和反腐败工作
建设廉洁的政府是一项持久而又紧迫的任务,是人民的殷切期望。要加快解决反腐倡廉建设中的突出问题,扎实推进惩治和预防腐败体系建设,把查办大案要案作为反腐败的重要举措,同时更加注重制度建设。一是认真治理政府工作人员以权谋私和渎职侵权问题。针对工程建设、土地使用权出让和矿产资源开发、国有产权交易、政府采购等重点领域存在的问题,加大查处违法违纪案件工作力度,坚决惩处腐败分子。二是切实加强廉洁自律,认真贯彻执行《廉政准则》,落实领导干部收入、房产、投资以及配偶子女从业、移居国(境)外等情况定期报告制度,自觉接受监督。加强审计和监察工作。加大对行政机关领导干部和国有企业、事业单位负责人的监督力度。三是坚决反对铺张浪费和形式主义。要精简会议、文件,清理和规范各种达标、评比、表彰以及论坛、庆典等活动,从经费上严加控制。规范公务用车配备管理并积极推进公务用车制度改革。加快实行财政预算公开,让人民知道政府花了多少钱,办了多少事。各级政府都要努力为人民办事;每个公务员都要真正成为人民的公仆。
各位代表!
巩固和发展各民族大团结,是国家长治久安、繁荣昌盛的根本保证,是各族人民的根本利益所在。要坚持和完善民族区域自治制度,全面落实中央支持少数民族和民族地区发展的政策措施。制定实施扶持人口较少民族发展、推进兴边富民行动和发展少数民族事业五年规划。让我们团结奋进,共同谱写中华民族繁荣发展的历史新篇章!
全面贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针,深入落实《宗教事务条例》,发挥宗教界人士和信教群众在促进经济发展、社会和谐中的积极作用。
继续加强侨务工作,维护海外侨胞、归侨侨眷的合法权益,充分发挥他们在促进祖国统一和民族振兴中的独特作用。
各位代表!
建立巩固的国防,建设强大的人民军队,是维护国家主权、安全、发展利益和全面建设小康社会的重要保障。要紧紧围绕党和国家工作大局,着眼有效履行新世纪新阶段我军历史使命,全面
第五篇:2010和2011温家宝总理政府工作报告中英文版
在第十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议上的政府工作报告 国务院总理 温家宝 2010年3月5日
REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT--Delivered at the Third Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2010 Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council 各位代表,Fellow Deputies, 现在,我代表国务院向大会作政府工作报告,请予审议,并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval.I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)to provide comments and suggestions.一、2009年工作回顾
I.Review of Work in 2009 2009年是新世纪以来我国经济发展最为困难的一年。去年这个时候,国际金融危机还在扩散蔓延,世界经济深度衰退,我国经济受到严重冲击,出口大幅下降,不少企业经营困难,有的甚至停产倒闭,失业人员大量增加,农民工大批返乡,经济增速陡然下滑。在异常困难的情况下,全国各族人民在中国共产党的坚强领导下,坚定信心,迎难而上,顽强拼搏,从容 应对国际金融危机冲击,在世界率先实现经济回升向好,改革开放和社会主义现代化建设取得新的重大成就。国内生产总值达到33.5万亿元,比上年增长 8.7%;财政收入6.85万亿元,增长11.7%;粮食产量5.31亿吨,再创历史新高,实现连续6年增产;城镇新增就业1102万人;城镇居民人均可 支配收入17175元,农村居民人均纯收入5153元,实际增长9.8%和8.5%。我国在全面建设小康社会道路上又迈出坚实的一步。实践再次证明,任何艰难险阻都挡不住中华民族伟大复兴的历史进程。
The year 2009 was the most difficult year for our country's economic development since the beginning of the new century.This time last year the global financial crisis was still spreading, and the world economy was in a deep recession.Our economy was severely affected;our exports decreased significantly;a large number of enterprises had operating difficulties, and some even suspended production or closed down;the number of unemployed people increased significantly;many migrant workers had to return to their home villages;and the pace of our economic growth suddenly slowed down.In these unusually difficult circumstances, the people of all our ethnic groups fortified their confidence, tackled difficulties head on, worked tenaciously, and responded calmly to the impact of the global financial crisis under the firm leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC).Our economy was the first in the world to have made a turnaround, and we made major new achievements in reform and opening up as well as socialist modernization.GDP reached 33.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7% over the previous year(here and below).Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7%.Grain production was 531 million tons, a new record and an increase for the sixth consecutive year.A total of 11.02 million urban jobs were created.The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, and the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, up 9.8% and 8.5% respectively in real terms.We took another steady step along the path of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Events again proved that no difficulties or obstacles can impede the course of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.过去的一年,极不平凡,令人振奋。我们隆重 庆祝新中国成立60周年。抚今追昔,伟大祖国的辉煌成就极大地激发了全国人民的自信心和自豪感,极大地增强了中华民族的向心力和凝聚力,极大地提升了我国 的国际地位和影响力,必将激励我们在中国特色社会主义道路上继续奋勇前进。
The past year was truly extraordinary and inspiring.We held a grand celebration of the 60th anniversary of the founding of New China.The outstanding achievements we made in that time have greatly boosted the confidence and pride of the people, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and raised China's international standing and influence.All this definitely encourages us to continue to forge ahead on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.一年来,我们主要做了以下工作:
Over the last year, we mainly undertook the following work.(一)加强和改善宏观调控,促进经济平稳较快发展。我们实行 积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策,全面实施并不断完善应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划。大规模增加财政支出和实行结构性减税,保持货币信贷快速增长,提 高货币政策的可持续性,扩大直接融资规模,满足经济社会发展的资金需求,有效扩大了内需,很快扭转了经济增速下滑趋势。1.Strengthening and improving macro-control and promoting steady and rapid economic development.We carried out a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We comprehensively implemented and constantly improved the package plan for addressing the global financial crisis.We significantly increased government spending, implemented structural tax reductions, rapidly increased supplies of money and credit, made our monetary policy more sustainable, and increased the amount of direct financing.We thus ensured funding for economic and social development, effectively boosted domestic demand, and quickly reversed the slowdown in economic growth.着力扩大居民消费。我们鼓励消费的政策领域之宽、力 度之大、受惠面之广前所未有。中央财政投入资金 450亿元,补贴家电汽车摩托车下乡、汽车家电以旧换新和农机具购置。减半征收小排量汽车购置税,减免住房交易相关税收,支持自住性住房消费。全年汽车销 售1364万辆,增长46.2%;商品房销售9.37亿平方米,增长42.1%;社会消费品零售总额实际增长16.9%,消费对经济增长的拉动作用明显增 强。
We vigorously expanded consumer spending.Our policies to encourage consumption covered more areas, were stronger and benefited more people than ever before.The central government provided 45 billion yuan in subsidies for rural residents to purchase home appliances and motor vehicles, including motorbikes.Part of the subsidies also supported trading-in old motor vehicles and home appliances for new ones and purchasing agricultural machinery and tools.We halved the purchase tax on small-displacement automobiles.We reduced or exempted taxes on buying and selling homes to support the purchase of homes to be used as their owners' residences.Throughout the year 13.64 million motor vehicles were sold, an increase of 46.2%;commodity housing sales amounted to 937 million square meters, up 42.1%;and total retail sales of consumer goods increased 16.9% in real terms: Consumption played a much bigger role in fueling economic growth.促进投资快速增长。我们发挥政府投资“四两拨 千斤”的作用,引导带动社会投资。实施两年新增4万亿元的投资计划。2009年中央政府公共投资 9243亿元,比上年预算增加5038亿元,其中,保障性住房、农村民生工程、社会事业投资占44%,自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占16%,重大基础设施建设占23%,灾后恢复重建占14%。全社会固定资产投资增长30.1%,投资结构进一步优化。投资快速增长有效弥补了外需下降的缺口,加强 了薄弱环节,为经济社会长远发展奠定了坚实的基础。
We promoted rapid growth in investment.We guided and stimulated non-government investment by means of well-leveraged government investment.We implemented a plan to invest an additional 4 trillion yuan over two years.In 2009, the central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.Of this, 44% was invested in.low-income housing, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;16% in independent innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions, and ecological improvement;23% in major infrastructure projects;and 14% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Fixed asset investment increased.30.1% nationwide.We further improved the investment structure.Rapid investment growth effectively compensated for the shortfall created by shrinking external demand, strengthened weak links, and laid a solid foundation for long-term economic and social development 我们加快推进汶川地震灾后恢复重建,重灾区已完成投资6545亿元,占规划总投资的65.5%。国家 的大力支持,全国人民的无私援助,灾区群众的艰苦奋斗,使遭受重大创伤的灾区呈现出崭新面貌。一座座新城拔地而起,一个个村庄焕发出蓬勃生机。这充分体现 了中华民族的无疆大爱,有力彰显了社会主义制度的无比优越。
We accelerated the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.We have already invested 654.5 billion yuan, 65.5% of the total planned investment, in the worst hit areas.Thanks to the government's strong support, the selfless assistance of people throughout the country, and the hard work of residents of the earthquake area, the badly damaged areas have taken on a brand-new appearance, with new towns rising straight out of the ground, and villages brimming with vitality.All this fully reflects the boundless love of the Chinese nation and powerfully demonstrates the incomparable superiority of the socialist system.(二)大力调整经济结构,夯实长远 发展基础。我们把保增长与调结构紧密结合起来,加快解决制约经济发展的结构性矛盾。
2.Vigorously carrying out economic restructuring, and shoring up the foundation for long-term development.We closely integrated sustaining economic growth with economic restructuring, and moved more quickly to resolve structural problems limiting economic development.“三农”工作进一步加强。中央财政用于“三农”的支出 7253亿元,增长21.8%。大幅度提高粮食最低收购价。启动实施全国新增千亿斤粮食生产能力建设规划。继续改善农村生产生活条件,农村饮水安全工程使 6069万农民受益,新增510万沼气用户,新建和改造农村公路38万公里、农村电网线路 26.6万公里,又有80万户农村危房得到改造,9.2万户游牧民实现了定居。我们加大扶贫力度,贫困地区的生产生活条件得到明显改善。
We further strengthened the work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers.The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas, and farmers, an increase of 21.8%.We raised the minimum grain purchase prices by a large margin.We began implementation of 'the plan to increase grain production capacity by 50 million tons nationwide.We continued to improve living and working conditions in rural areas.We implemented rural drinking water safety projects that benefited 60.69 million people, increased the number of methane gas users by 5.1.million, built and upgraded 380,000 kilometers of roads and 266,000 kilometers of electric power lines and renovated 800,000 dilapidated houses in the countryside, and helped build permanent housing for 92,000 nomadic families.We also intensified our efforts to fight poverty.As a result, working and living conditions notably improved in poverty-stricken areas.产业结构调整力度加大。制定并实施十大重点产业 调整振兴规划。鼓励企业加快技术改造,安排200亿元技改专项资金支持4441个技改项目。重点行业兼并重组取得新进展。下大力气抑制部分行业产能过剩和 重复建设,关停小火电机组2617万千瓦,淘汰落后的炼钢产能1691万吨、炼铁产能2113万吨、水泥产能7416万吨、焦炭产能1809万吨。加快实 施国家科技重大专项,中央财政用于科技的支出1512亿元,增长30%。积极支持自主创新产品推广应用,清洁能源、第三代移动通信等一批新兴产业快速发 展。大力加强基础设施建设,新建铁路投入运营5557公里,高速公路新建通车4719公里,城市轨道交通建设加快,新建、改扩建民用机场35个;新增发电 装机8970万千瓦,西气东输二线西段工程实现供气,南水北调工程建设加快推进,6183座病险水库除险加固工程开工建设。
We intensified industrial restructuring.We formulated and implemented a plan for restructuring and invigorating ten key industries.We encouraged enterprises to accelerate technological upgrading, and provided 20 billion yuan to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects.Further progress was made in mergers and reorganization in key industries.We made great efforts to restrict excess production capacity and redundant development in some industries.We closed down 26.17 million kilowatts of small thermal power stations, and eliminated backward facilities with total production tons in the steelmaking industry, 21.13 million tons in the iron-smelting 74.16 million tons in the cement industry, and 18.09 million tons in the coke industry.We accelerated the implementation of major national science and technology projects,and spent 151.2 billion yuan of central government funds on science and technology, an increase of 30%.We vigorously supported the widespread use of domestically innovated products, and the development of emerging industries such as clean energy and third-generation mobile communications.We vigorously strengthened infrastructure development;put 5,557 kilometers of newly built railway lines into operation;opened 4,719 kilometers of new expressways to traffic, accelerated urban rail development;and built, renovated or expanded 35 civil airports.We increased the installed power-generating capacity by 89.7 million kilowatts, began supplying gas through the western section of the second line of the project for shipping natural gas from west to east, accelerated construction on the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and began reinforcing 6,183 dangerous reservoirs.节能减排和环境保护扎实推进。安排 预算内资金,支持重点节能工程、循环经济等项目2983个;实施节能产品惠民工程,推广节能空调500多万台、高效照明灯具1.5亿只。继续推进林业重点 生态工程建设,完成造林8827万亩,森林覆盖率达到20.36%。综合治理水土流失面积4.8万平方公里。加强“三河三湖”等重点流域水污染防治和工业 废水废气废渣治理。“十一五”前四年累计单位国内生产总值能耗下降 14.38%,化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降9.66%和13.14%。积极开展应对气候变化工作,明确提出2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目 标和政策措施。气象预报预警和地震监测工作得到加强,灾害防御能力不断提升。
We made solid progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions and protecting the environment.We supported 2,983 key energy conservation and recycling projects through budgetary investment.We implemented a project to promote energy-efficient products for the benefit of the people, putting into use more than 5 million energy-saving air-conditioners and 150 million energy-efficient light bulbs.We continued to develop key ecological projects in the forestry industry, and completed the afforestation of 5.88 million hectares, thereby raising the percentage of land covered by forest to 20.36%.Through combined measures, we brought soil erosion on 48,000 square kilometers of land under control.We strengthened the prevention and treatment of water pollution in the key watersheds of the Huai, Hai, and Liao rivers and Tai, Chao, and Dianchi lakes, and improved the control of wastewater, gases and residues from industry.Over the first four years of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 14.38%,and chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased 9.66% and 13.14% respectively.We made vigorous efforts to respond to climate change, and set forth our country's targets, policies and measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020.We improved our weather forecasting and early warning;as well as earthquake monitoring, and constantly improved our disaster prevention and protection capabilities.区域协调发展迈出新步伐。深入实施区 域发展总体战略,制定若干区域发展重大规划和政策。中西部和东北地区加快开放开发,积极承接产业转移,发展基础不断夯实;东部地区加快结构和自主创新,经 济发展活力增强。区域发展呈现布局改善、结构优化、协调性提高的良好态势。
We took new steps in balancing development between regions.We thoroughly implemented the overall strategy for regional development;and formulated several major regional development plans and policies.The central and western regions and northeast China accelerated opening up and development, welcomed industries relocated from other parts of the country, and continuously strengthened their foundation for development.The eastern region accelerated restructuring and independent innovation, and the vitality of its economic development increased.A favorable situation emerged in which regional development was better distributed, structured and coordinated.(三)坚持深化改革开放,不断完善有利于科学发展的体制机制。我们把深化改革开放作 为应对国际金融危机的强大动力,努力消除体制障碍,不断提高对外开放水平。3.Steadfastly deepening reform and opening up, and constantly improving institutions and mechanisms conducive to developing scientifically.We deepened reform and opening up to respond more powerfully to the global financial crisis, worked hard to remove institutional obstacles and continued to open wider to the outside world.重点领域和关键环节改革加快推进。增值税转型全面实施。成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进,新的成品油价 格形成机制规范运行。国家开发银行商业化转型和农业银行股份制改革扎实推进,跨境贸易人民币结算试点启动实施。创业板正式推出,为自主创新及其他成长型创 业企业开辟了新的融资渠道。地方政府机构改革有序开展,事业单位分类改革试点稳步进行。集体林权制度改革全面推开,15亿亩林地确权到户,占全国集体林地 面积的60%,这是继土地家庭承包之后我国农村经营制度的又一重大变革。
We accelerated reform in key areas and links.We comprehensively carried out VAT reform.The reform of the prices of refined oil products and taxes and fees on them was implemented smoothly, and a new [w]mechanism[/w] for pricing them worked well.We made solid progress in commercializing the China Development Bank and introducing the joint stock system in the Agricultural Bank of China, and launched a pilot project to use the renminbi as the settlement currency for cross-border trade.The ChiNext stock market was officially launched, which opened a new financing channel for enterprises based on independent innovation and other growth enterprises.We proceeded with the reform of local government departments in an orderly manner, and steadily carried out a trial of reforming institutions by type.We comprehensively launched the reform of tenure in collective forests.We devolved tenure in 100 million hectares of forest land to rural households, equaling 60% of the country's total area of collective forests.This is another major reform of China's rural operation system, and follows in the footsteps of the household land contract responsibility system.开放型经济水平不断提高。出台一系列稳定 外需的政策措施,采取符合国际惯例的方式支持出口企业,完成短期出口信用保险承保900亿美元,安排421 亿美元大型成套设备出口融资保险。鼓励增加进口。去年下半年开始进出口降幅明显收窄,国际市场份额得到巩固,全年进出口总额2.2万亿美元。扭转利用外资 下降局面,全年实际利用外商直接投资900亿美元。企业“走出去”逆势上扬,非金融类对外直接投资和对外工程承包营业额分别达433亿美元和777亿美 元。积极参与国际宏观经济政策对话协调和经贸金融合作,在共同应对国际金融危机中发挥了建设性作用。We constantly raised the level of the open economy.We introduced policies and measures to stabilize foreign demand, adopted methods that conform to international practices to support export companies, completed the issuance of short-term export credit insurance worth US$ 90 billion, and arranged $42.1 billion of export financing insurance for complete sets of large [w]equipment[/w].We encouraged increases in imports: Since the second half of last year;falls in imports and exports have clearly eased, and we have consolidated our share of international markets.Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.We reversed the decline in utilized foreign investment, and actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.More enterprises “went global” in spite of the adverse situation;non-financial outward direct investment amounted to $43.3 billion, and receipts from overseas project contracting operations reached $77.7 billion.We actively participated in international macroeconomic policy dialogue and coordination as well as economic, trade and financial cooperation, and played a constructive role in the joint response to the global financial crisis.(四)着力改善民生,加快发展社会事业。在应对国际金融危机的困难情况下,我们更加注重保障和改善民生,切实解决人民群众 最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题。4.Striving to improve people's wellbeing and accelerating the development of social programs.In the difficult circumstances of responding to the global financial crisis, we gave greater priority to ensuring and improving people's wellbeing and effectively solved the most practical problems of the greatest and most direct concern to the people.实施更加积极的就业政策。强化政府促进就业的责任。中央财政安排就业专项资金 426亿元,比上年增长 59%。实施困难企业缓缴社会保险费或降低部分费率、再就业税收减免及提供相关补贴等政策,鼓励企业稳定和增加就业。开展系列就业服务活动,多渠道开辟公 益性就业岗位,促进高校毕业生到基层就业、应征入伍和到企事业单位就业见习。全年组织2100万城乡劳动者参加职业培训。这些措施促进了就业的基本稳定。
We implemented a more active employment policy.We increased the responsibility of the government for stimulating employment.The central government allocated 42.6 billion yuan in special employment funds, an increase of 59%.For distressed enterprises, we postponed and in some cases reduced their payment of social security contributions.We also reduced or exempted reemployment tax and provided related subsidies to encourage enterprises to maintain or increase their levels of employment.We launched a series of employment service activities, created public-service jobs through multiple channels, and encouraged college graduates to take jobs at the primary level, enlist in the army, or join enterprises and institutions as interns.We provided job training for 21 million urban and rural workers.These measures helped bring about basic employment stability.加快完善社会保障体系。普遍建立养老保险省级统筹制度,出台包括农民工在内的城镇企业职工养老保险关系转移接续办法。在320个县开展新型农村社会养老保险试点,推动我国社会保障制度建设迈出历史性步伐。中央 财政安排社会保障资金2906亿元,比上年增长16.6%。企业退休人员基本养老金连续5年增加,去年又人均提高10%。农村五保户供养水平、优抚对象抚 恤补助标准、城乡低保对象保障水平都有新的提高。中央财政安排保障性安居工程补助资金551 亿元,比上年增长2倍。新建、改扩建各类保障性住房200万套,棚户区改造解决住房130万套。全国社会保障基金积累6927亿元,比上年增长 44.2%。社会保障体系得到加强。
We accelerated improvements in the social security system.We established a nationwide pension planning system at the provincial level, and introduced a method for transferring pension accounts for workers of urban enterprises, some of whom are rural migrant workers.We launched a pilot project for a new rural pension insurance system in 320 countiesMajor progress was made in reform and opening up.New breakthroughs were achieved in crucial areas and key links of reform, and the socialist market economy further improved.Last year, total foreign trade volume reached US$ 2.97 trillion and the openness ofthe economy increased rapidly.——这五年,我国国际地位和影响力显著提高。我们在国际事务中发挥重要的建设性作用,有力维护国家主权、安全和发展利益,全方位外交取得重大进展。我们成功举办北京奥运会、上海世博会,实现了中华民族的百年梦想。
-China's international prestige and influence grew significantly.We played an important and constructive role in international affairs;effectively safeguarded our national sovereignty, security and development interests;and made major progress in our all-around diplomacy.We successfully hosted the Beijing Olympics and Shanghai World Expo, thus fulfilling dreams the Chinese nation had cherished for a century.这些辉煌成就,充分显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性,展现了改革开放的伟大力量,极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感,增强了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力,必将激励我们在新的历史征程上奋勇前进。
These brilliant achievements clearly show the advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great power of reform and opening up.They greatly increased the confidence and pride of our people of all ethnic groups, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and inspired us to forge ahead on our historic course.五年来,我们主要做了以下工作:
The following are our main accomplishments over the past five years:
(一)加强和改善宏观调控,促进经济平稳较快发展。我们注重把握宏观调控的方向、重点和力度,牢牢掌握经济工作的主动权。“十一五”前期,针对投资增长过快、贸易顺差过大、流动性过剩,以及结构性、输入性物价上涨等问题,采取正确的政策措施,有效防止了苗头性问题演变成趋势性问题、局部性问题演变成全局性问题。近两年,面对百年罕见的国际金融危机冲击,我们沉着应对、科学决策,果断实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策。坚持实施一揽子计划,大规模增加政府支出和实行结构性减税,大范围实施重点产业调整振兴规划,大力推进自主创新和加强科技支撑,大幅度提高社会保障水平。坚持扩大内需的战略方针,采取鼓励消费的一系列政策措施,增加城乡居民特别是低收入群众收入,消费规模持续扩大,结构不断升级。实施两年新增4万亿元的投资计划,其中,新增中央投资1.18万亿元。保障性安居工程、农村民生工程和社会事业投资占43.7%,自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占15.3%,重大基础设施建设占23.6%,灾后恢复重建占14.8%。政府投资引导带动社会投资,国内需求大幅增加,有效弥补外需缺口,较短时间内扭转经济增速下滑趋势,在世界率先实现回升向好,既战胜了特殊困难、有力地保障和改善了民生,又为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。
1.Strengthening and improving macro-control, and spurring steady and rapid economic development We paid close attention to the orientation, focus and strength of macro-control and kept a firm grasp on the initiative in our economic work.In the early stages of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we adopted correct policies and measures to address overheated investment growth, the excessive trade surplus, excess liquidity, and structural and imported inflation;effectively prevented emerging problems from evolving into trends;and prevented problems in anyone area from becoming general problems.In the last two years, we responded coolly to the impact of the global financial crisis a crisis of a severity seldom seen in the last century, made decisions scientifically and resolutely followed a proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy.We steadfastly implemented a multi-point plan, greatly increased government spending and made structural tax reductions, carried out the plan for restructuring and reinvigorating key industries on a large scale, vigorously promoted innovation and increased support for work in science and technology, and substantially increased social security benefits.We steadfastly followed a strategy of expanding domestic demand;adopted policies and measures to encourage consumer spending;and increased urban and rural incomes, particularly for low-income people.As a result, consumer spending grew steadily and its structure constantly improved.We carried out a two-year investment plan to increase spending by 4 trillion yuan, including 1.18 trillion yuan from the central government.Of this amount, 43.7% was invested in low-income housing projects, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs;15.3% in innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions and ecological improvement;23.6% in major infrastructure projects;and 14.8% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Government spending guided and drove nongovernmental investment, greatly increased domestic demand and effectively compensated for weak external demand.This helped to reverse the slowdown in economic growth in a relatively short time and make the Chinese economy the first in the world to pick up again.In this way, we not only got over the hard times and ensured and improved the wellbeing of the people, but also laid a firm foundation for long-term development.(二)毫不放松地做好“三农”工作,巩固和加强农业基础。中央财政“三农”投入累计近3万亿元,年均增幅超过23%。彻底取消农业税和各种收费,结束了农民种田交税的历史,每年减轻农民负担超过1335亿元。建立种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制,农民的生产补贴资金去年达到1226亿元。对重点粮食品种实行最低收购价和临时收储政策,小麦、稻谷最低收购价提高了25%到40%。严格保护耕地。着力推进农业科技进步。粮食产量屡创历史新高,去年达到1.09万亿斤,连续7年增产;农民人均纯收入达到5919元,实现持续较快增长。农村综合改革稳步推进,集体林权制度改革、国有农场管理体制改革全面推开。农业农村基础设施加快建设,完成7356座大中型和重点小型水库除险加固,解决2.15亿农村人口饮水安全问题,农民的日子越过越好,农村发展进入一个新时代。
2.Striving to do our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the agricultural foundation Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas and fanners totaled nearly 3 trillion yuan and grew at an average annual rate of more than 23%.Agricultural tax and various government charges were totally abolished, thereby ending the history of farmers paying taxes on the crops they grow and easing their annual burden by more than 133.5 billion yuan.We set up a subsidy system for grain growers and a benefit subsidy system for major growing areas, and paid out 122.6 billion yuan in production subsidies to grain growers last year.Minimum purchase prices and temporary purchase and storage policies were put in place for key grain varieties, and the minimum purchase prices for wheat and rice were raised by between 25% and 40%.We rigorously safeguarded arable land.We worked hard to make advances in agricultural science and technology.New record highs were set for grain production, which reached 545 billion kg last year, the seventh consecutive yearly increase.The per capita net income of farmers continued to grow rapidly and reached 5,919 yuan.We made steady progress with comprehensive reforms in the countryside and fully implemented the reform of tenure in collective forests and the system for managing state-owned farms.We accelerated agricultural and rural infrastructure development.We finished reinforcing 7,356 large and medium-sized reservoirs and key small reservoirs and ensured the safety of drinking water for 215 million rural residents.Farmers' lives constantly improved and rural development entered a new era.(三)大力推进经济结构调整,提高经济增长质量和效益。一是加快产业结构调整和自主创新。积极推进企业技术改造和兼并重组,工业特别是装备制造业总体水平和竞争力明显提高。战略性新兴产业迅速成长。加快建设国家创新体系,实施知识创新工程和技术创新工程,突破了一批产业发展急需的前沿技术、核心技术和关键装备技术,一大批科研成果实现了产业化。服务业快速发展,在国内生产总值中占比提高2.5个百分点。基础设施建设明显加快,五年建成铁路新线1.6万公里,新增公路63.9万公里,其中高速公路3.3万公里,新建、改扩建机场33个,新建和加固堤防1.7万公里。二是扎实推进节能减排、生态建设和环境保护。提出到2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施,制定实施节能减排综合性工作方案。大力发展清洁能源,新增发电装机容量4.45亿千瓦,其中水电9601万千瓦、核电384万千瓦。关停小火电机组7210万千瓦,淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、钢铁、水泥、焦炭产能。推进林业重点生态工程建设,完成造林2529万公顷。综合治理水土流失面积23万平方公里,加强重点流域水污染防治、大气污染防治和工业“三废”治理。大力发展循环经济。五年累计,单位国内生产总值能耗下降19.1%,化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降12.45%、14.29%。三是促进区域经济协调发展。落实区域发展总体战略,颁布实施全国主体功能区规划,制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划,推出促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆等民族地区跨越式发展的新举措。中西部和东北地区发展加快,经济增速等主要指标超过全国平均水平;东部地区经济结构不断优化,自主创新和竞争力逐步提高;地区间基本公共服务差距趋于缩小,各具特色的区域发展格局初步形成。
3.Strongly promoting economic restructuring and improving the quality andperformance ofeconomic growth First, we accelerated industrial restructuring and innovation.We vigorously carried out technological upgrading in enterprises and enterprise mergers and reorganizations, which noticeably raised the overall level and competitiveness of Chinese industries, particularly equipment manufacturing.Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly.We accelerated the development of the national innovation system;carried out knowledge innovation projects and technology innovation projects;and made breakthroughs in urgently needed cutting-edge technologies, core technologies and key equipment technologies.A large number of research results have been applied in industrial production.The service industry developed quickly and the proportion it contributes to GDP rose by 2.5 percentage points.We greatly accelerated infrastructure development.We expanded the railway system by 16,000 km over the past five years and the road system by 639,000 km, including 33,000 km of expressways.We built, improved or expanded 33 airports and built or reinforced 17,000 km of dykes.Second, we made genuine progress in energy conservation, emissions reduction, ecological improvement and environmental protection.We formulated policies, measures and national objectives for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and drew up a comprehensive work plan for conserving energy and reducing emissions.We vigorously developed clean energy.New power generating units with a capacity of 445 million kW were put on line, including hydropower plants with 96.01 million kW capacity and nuclear pmver plants with 3.84 million kW capacity.We decommissioned small thermal power plants with a capacity of 72.1 million kW and eliminated a number of outdated coal, steel, cement and coke production facilities.We made progress on key ecological forestry projects, and afforested a total of 25.29 million hectares.We applied a combination of approaches to control soil erosion on 230,000 km2 of land, and strengthened efforts to control water and air pollution in key watersheds, prevent and control air pollution and control industrial wastewater, waste gases and residues.We strongly promoted the development of the circular economy.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 19.1%, chemical oxygen demand by 12.45% and sulfur dioxide emissions by 14.29%.Third, we worked to balance regional economic development.We implemented a master strategy for regional development, issued and implemented the national plan for development priority zones;fommlated new 10-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans;and introduced new measures to stimulate development by leaps and bounds in Tibet, Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces, Xinjiang and other ethnic minority areas.Development accelerated in the central and western regions and northeast China, and their economic growth rates and other main economic indicators were higher than the national average.The economic structure of the eastern region constantly improved, and its innovativeness and competitiveness gradually increased.Discrepancies in levels of basic public