2014年考研英语模拟测试(二)答案解析

第一篇：2014年考研英语模拟测试(二)答案解析

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2014年考研英语模拟测试

（二）答案解析

Section Ⅰ Use of English

答案

1.B 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.A

11.C 12.B 13.D 14.B 15.C 16.D 17.C 18.A 19D.20.B

总体分析

本文介绍了情人节的由来。

第一段介绍情人节的前身牧神节以及该节日里抽签选恋人的庆祝活动。

第二段介绍情人节是为了纪念一位罗马牧师。

第三段指出情人节已经成为爱的主要象征。

试题精解

1.[精解]本题考查连词用法辨析。空格处填入的连词应反映空格所在分句和下一句之间的逻辑关系。四个选项，while表时间或让步，意为“当„„的时候”或“虽然，尽管”;when表时间，意为“当„„的时候”;though表让步，意为“尽管，虽然”;unless表条件，意为“除非”。根据文意，两个分句之间是时间关系，因此需要在while和when之间选择。when既可指一段时间，也可指一个时间点，既可表示持续的动作，也可表示一时性的动作;while则只能表示持续性的动作或状态。如：When she comes,(指一个时间点，不能用while)I shall tell her to wait for you.(她来的时候我会叫她等你的。)When Jim was reading,(指一段时间，可用while)Jack was writing.(吉姆阅读的时候，杰克在写东西。)空格所在分句中的动作roamed不是持续性的动作，只能用when，[B]正确。

2.[精解]本题考查短语动词辨析。空格处填入的介词或副词与call构成短语动词，接sb.to do sth.作复合宾语。符合要求的是[A]，call upon sb.to do sth.意为“请求/要求某人做某事”，如：We call on every friend to support the plan.(我们请求每一位朋友支持这项计划。)call back意为“回电话;叫(某人)回去”，如：She was about to leave when her secretary called her back.(她正要离开突然秘书叫她回去。)call off意为“取消，停止进行”，一般接sth.作宾语，如：call off a deal/trip(取消交易/旅行)。call away意为“叫走，叫到别处去”，如：He was called away by his friends.(他被朋友叫走了。)

3.[精解] 本题考查固定短语。不存在in sb’s belief的搭配，所以首先排除[B]。其它项构成的固定搭配是：in sb.’s/sth.’s honor意为“向„„表示敬意”，其形式也可以是in honor of sb./sth.，如：a ceremony in honor of those killed in the explosion(为纪念爆炸中的死难者所举行的仪式)。in sb’s hands意为“受某人照料，被某人控制”，如：The matter is now in my lawyer’s hands.(这件事现在由我律师处理。)in sb’s way意为“以某人特有的方式”或“挡某人的路”，如：She does love you in her(own)way.(她的确是以她特有的方式爱你。)You’凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，http://www.xiexiebang.com

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ll have to move—you’re in my way.(你得挪一挪，你挡了我的路。)根据文意，应选[A]，表示“向他(即，牧神卢帕克斯)表示敬意”。

4.[精解]本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。从空格所在的句子起到本段末为一个意群，其内容是关于抽签选恋人的活动。由本段末句的name可知，本题应选[C]，表示“女孩的名字被写在纸上”。其它项，[A]问题，[B]秘密，[D]意图，都不符合上下文文意。

5.[精解]本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。空格处填入名词，与of paper搭配。rolls of sth.意为“卷”，如：rolls of carpet/film(几卷地毯/胶卷)。piles of sth.意为“成堆的东西”或“大量的东西”，如：piles of dirty washing(成堆待洗的脏衣服)，piles of work(大量的工作)。works意为“著作，作品;工厂”，不与paper搭配。slip本身意为“纸条，便条，小纸片”，它常与of paper搭配，还是表示“纸条”。由于下文即本段倒数第二句出现了a slip，根据文意，应选[D]。

6.[精解]本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。选项为四个动词的过去式形式。cast意为“(用力)投，掷，抛”，如：cast anchor(抛锚);catch意为“接住，拦住;捉住”，如：catch the keys as they fall(接住掉下来的钥匙)，catch mice(捉老鼠);draw意为“抽(签，牌)，抓(阄)”，如：He drew the winning ticket.(他抽到中奖彩券了。)find意为“发现”。根据文意，应表达“年轻男子从中抽出纸条”的含义，因此选[C]。

7.[精解]本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。选项为四个动词的过去分词形式，与was构成被动式。give意为“给”;choose意为“选择”;call意为“呼叫”;deliver意为“递送，传送”。由上文可知，“年轻男子抽出了写有女孩名字的纸条”，因此女孩的名字是被“选中”，[B]正确。

8.[精解]本题考查习惯搭配。Legend has it意为“据传说”，后面接宾语从句，是it替代的内容。又如：Legend has it that the lake was formed by the tears of a god.(据传说这个湖是一位神仙的眼泪积聚而成的。)因此，本题选[D]。

9.[精解]本题考查介词辨析。空格处填入一个介词，后面接名词短语a Roman priest，过去分词named Valentine作后置定语修饰priest。[A]after意为“模仿，依照”，如：We named the baby after her grandmother.(我们以婴儿祖母的名字给婴儿取名。)该用法符合文意，空格所在句子相当于Valentine’s Day was named after a Roman priest。其它项虽然都可作介词，since“自从”，as“作为”，from“从”，但不符合文意。

10.[精解]本题考查动词辨析。空格处填入的动词需接不定式的复合结构，即，sb.not to do sth.作宾语。符合要求的只有[A]，order sb.to do sth.意为“命令/指挥/要求(某人做某事)”，如：The officer ordered them to fire.(军官命令他们开火。)从含义上判断也只有[A]正确。

其它项动词的用法：plead的搭配是plead with sb.to do“恳求(某人做某事)”，如：She pleaded with him not to go.(她恳求他不要离开。)envision意为“展望，想象”，一般只接sth.作宾语，如：envision an equal society(向往一个平等社会)。believe意为“相信”，可接sb.，sth.或从句作宾语，但不接不定式，如：I don’t believe you.(我不相信你的话。)Don’t believe a word of it.(千万别相信那些话。)People used to believe that the earth was flat.(人们一度认为地球是平的。)

11.[精解]本题考查固定结构。would rather...than...意为“宁愿„„而不愿”，rather和than后都接省略to的不定式，如：She would rather die than lose the children.(她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。)因此[C]为正确项。[A]other只能作形容词或代词，表示“别的，其他的”或“另一个人或事”，放入空格中不符合语法。[B]simply(仅仅)和[D]all(全部，都)可作副词，放入句中只能修饰stay home，而与后面的than无法呼应。

12.[精解]本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。选项中的四个动词分别是：dislike“不喜欢，厌恶”;defy“藐视，挑衅”;defeat“击败”;dishonor“使„„蒙羞”。上文提到，“国凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，http://www.xiexiebang.com

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王禁止士兵结婚”，而下文则提到，“瓦伦丁秘密让年轻人成婚”。显然,这是“藐视国王”的做法。正确项是[B]。

13.[精解]本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。空格部分“the of Lupercalia”与上文“February 14th”是同位语的关系。Lupercalia一词在第一段首句中出现，指“牧神节”。第一段第三句提到该节日的时间是2月15日。因此2月14日是该节日的前夕，故本题应选[D]eve。celebration意为“庆祝”;arrangement意为“安排”;feast意为“节日;宴会”。

14.[精解]本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。由下文可知，牧师们设定了一个专门的节日来纪念瓦伦丁，而不再纪念牧神。可见瓦伦丁变成了一个“圣人”，而不是“山羊”，“模范”或“武器”。因此，正确项是[B]saint。

15.[精解]本题考查固定短语。空格处填入的词与介词of搭配，连接两个并列的名词Valentine和Lupercus。[A]和[C]与of构成介词短语：because of意为“因为”，后面一般接原因，如：We win the game because of his participation.(由于他的参与，我们赢了比赛。)instead of意为“代替，而不是”，如：I gave him advice instead of money.(我给了他忠告，而不是钱。)[B]和[D]则构成了过去分词短语，(be)made of意为“由...构成”，如：Bread is chiefly made of flour.(面包主要由面粉做成。)learn of意为“听到，获悉”，如：I was sorry to learn of your illness.(听说你病了，我感到不安。)从语法和含义上符合要求的是[C]instead。

16.[精解]本题考查名词辨析。[A]part作可数名词时，意为“部分，片断，一点”，[B]representative意为“代表”，这两个词都强调整体与部分之间的关系，如：We have done the difficult part of the job.(我们已完成了工作的困难部分。)The tiger is a representative of the cat family.(老虎是猫科动物的典型。)[C] judgement作可数名词时，意为“看法，意见，评价”，如：He refused to make a judgement of the situation.(他拒绝对形势作出评价。)symbol意为“象征”，如：White is a symbol of purity.(白色是纯洁的象征。)由下文可知，人们通过情人节的一些举动来表达爱意，因此它是爱的象征，应选择[D]symbol。

17.[精解]本题考查文化常识。god Cupid 指“爱神丘比特”，他手持具有爱情魔力的弓箭，被其射中者将坠入情网。因此本题应选[C]arrow。另外，从搭配上看，[A]story“故事，叙述”和[D]play“游戏，玩耍，比赛”都不与介词into搭配。[B]wander可与into搭配，意为“闲逛，游荡，流浪(进入某地)”，如：Cows and goats sometimes wander into minefields, getting killed.(母牛和山羊有时游荡到矿区里而被杀死。)显然，[D]不符合文意。

18.[精解]本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。空格处填入动词，其主语是“爱神丘比特和他的箭”，宾语是“爱上某人或谈恋爱”。portray意为“描绘，描画;表现”;require意为“需要，要求”;demand意为“要求”;alert意为“向„„报警，使警觉”。根据句意，应选[A]portray。

19.[精解]本题考查动词辨析。空格所在句子为全文的最后一句，其主干结构为__19__ to give flowers can be as...as forgetting a birthday。该句中有一个比较结构，因此相比较的事物应具有一定的可比性。首先从语法上看，能接不定式作宾语的只有[D]forget，如：He forgot to pay me.(他忘了付给我钱。)keep一般接动名词作宾语，如：keep smiling(继续保持笑容)。disapprove接of sth./sb.作宾语，如：He strongly disapproved of the changes.(他强烈反对变革。)support接sb./sth.作宾语，如：support a proposal/people with AIDS(拥护一项提议/援助爱滋病患者)。其次，forgetting一词在下文中也出现，含义上出现了呼应。

20.[精解]本题考查根据上下文选择恰当的词。空格处应填入形容词，构成“as+形容词+as”的同级比较结构。因此，该形容词说明的是上文“在圣瓦伦丁节忘记给妻子或恋人送花”和下文“忘记生日或结婚纪念日”共同的特点。constructive意为“建设性的，有益的，积极的”，如：constructive criticism/suggestion/advice(建设性的批评/提议/忠告)。damaging意为“造成破坏的，有害的”，如：damaging consequences(破坏性的后果)。reinforcing是动凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，http://www.xiexiebang.com

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词reinforce“加强，充实;加固”的现在分词，retorting是动词retort“反驳，回嘴”的现在分词，一般都不作形容词用。根据文意,该特点是负面性的,消极的,因此,[B]为正确项。

全文翻译

圣瓦伦丁节(即，情人节)可能源自古罗马的牧神节。当凶猛的狼群在四周游荡时，古老的罗马人请求牧神卢帕克斯来帮助他们。一个向该神表达敬意的节日于2月15日举行。在这个节日的前夕女孩们的名字被写在纸条上并放入罐中。每位年轻的男子都抽一张纸条，被抽中名字的女孩在未来一年中将成为他的恋人。

传说这个节日之所以成为圣瓦伦丁节是为了纪念一位名叫瓦伦丁的罗马牧师。国王克劳底斯二世命令罗马士兵不得结婚或订婚。克劳底斯认为结了婚的士兵更愿意留守家中而不是上战场。当瓦伦丁违抗了国王的意愿，秘密让年轻人成了婚之后，他于2月14日即牧神节的前夕被处决。瓦伦丁死后，成了圣徒。基督教会牧师们将这个节日从15日改为14日，即，圣瓦伦丁节。现在这个节日纪念的是瓦伦丁而再不是牧神卢帕克斯。

圣瓦伦丁节在现代世界里已经成为爱和浪漫的一个主要象征。古代的爱神丘比特和他射入爱人心中的箭也许仍然被用来表现爱上某人或谈恋爱。但是我们也使用卡片和礼物，比如鲜花或珠宝来做同样的事情。在圣瓦伦丁节忘记给妻子或恋人送花有时能像忘记生日或结婚纪念日一样糟糕。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

Text 1

答案

1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.D

总体分析

本文主要介绍了杰克·林德萨的写作生涯。

第一段：指出杰克·林德萨是一位多产的作家，在他所从事的各种创作活动中，小说创作的贡献最大。

第二段：介绍了马克思主义的世界观对他创作的影响。

第三段：论述了杰克·林德萨写作态度的几次变化。

试题精解

1.根据文章，杰克·林德萨的写作生涯可以被描述为是_____。

[A] 有创造性的 [B] 多产的

[C] 好深思的 [D] 善于归纳总结的

[精解]本题考查推理引申。文章首段提出 “杰克·林德萨有大约四十部小说、一些戏剧、几部诗集、还有历史、评论以及自传作品，同时兼任编辑和翻译家。他是一位非常多产的作家。”原文中的prolific与[B]项中的productive近义，都意为“多产的”。

2.杰克·林德萨的意识形态对于他在文学领域里的成功的影响____。

[A] 完全是负面的

[B] 有限的但不可分割的 [C] 显然是正面的

[D] 在最终影响上并不明确

[精解] 本题考查事实细节。原文中第二段段首指出，从1916年起，杰克·林德萨一直持有马克思主义的世界观，“如果没有其他因素的话，恰是这种世界观确保了杰克·林德萨凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，http://www.xiexiebang.com

考研就找凯程考研，学生满意，家长放心，社会认可！的小说在现代英国文坛上拥有不大但是肯定不可忽视的地位。”就此我们可以看出，马克思主义的意识形态对于他的成功有着正面的影响，应选[C]。

3.在第二段中，杰克·林德萨相信_____。

[A] 他自己国家悲惨的命运

[B] 文学作为武器的功能

[C] 他作为英国人的责任

[D] 他在文学领域的特别地位

[精解] 本题考查事实细节。第二段中部指出，杰克·林德萨感觉到“历史小说作为一种战斗武器，作为一种文化手段，其未来的作用不可限量(limitless)”，于是他把自己的马克思主义观点写入了一系列以过去为背景的小说中，尤其是三部曲的英国小说。故应选择[B]项。

4.从课文的最后一段，我们可以推出_____。

[A] 战争导致所有英国作家的最后联合 [B] 杰克·林德萨在英国越来越不受欢迎

[C] 杰克·林德萨只关注国内事务

[D] 激进作家受到战争的很大影响

[精解] 本题考查推理引申。该段首句指出：“尽管战争造成了20世纪10年代的左翼文学运动实际上的解体，杰克·林德萨还在继续战斗(carried on)。”该段第二句指出：“战后，杰克·林德萨继续就当时的背景进行写作，试图与战后英国非激进的政治现实达成妥协”。由此我们可推出，激进的左翼文人受战争的影响很大。因此[D]项正确，[A]项与事实相反。[B]、[C]项内容在文中未提及。

5.文章结尾部分_____。

[A] 证明了作者自己的人生观

[B] 表达了对杰克·林德萨的普遍评论

[C] 提供了作者看待杰克·林德萨的观点

[D] 表明了杰克·林德萨写作态度的变化

[精解] 本题考查推理引申。最后一段主要围绕杰克·林德萨写作态度的变化展开论述。该段指出：战后，他的写作题材转向现代，但一度留于说教(didacticism)，后来终于再次转变，开始认为社会问题的解决办法不再依靠政党。他赋予作品主人公的仅仅是一种政治觉悟，除此之外什么也没有了。文章最后引用了他小说中主人公的一番话，该主人公带着绝望的语气说道：“什么都得改，这样的生活我再也过不下去了，但是我该如何改变这一切呢?”引文之后，文章又总结到，杰克·林德萨作为一名艺术家，不再给出问题的具体答案。故[D]项是写作目的。[B]、[C]项太笼统，全文都是关于杰克·林德萨的评论，都是作者看待他的观点。[A]项文中未涉及。

核心词汇或超纲词汇

(1)verse(n.)诗，诗节，诗句，诗篇(v.)作诗;使熟练或者精通He ~ed himself in philosophy他对于哲学很精通

(2)prolific(a.)多产的，多育的，丰富的

(3)obscure(a.)暗的，朦胧的，模糊的，晦涩的，无名的(v.)遮掩;使模糊，使朦胧;使失色

(4)venture(n.)冒险，风险，投机(v.)冒险，敢于，冒昧地说;为赢利而进行冒险的企业joint ~合资企业

(5)bedrock(n.)岩床;根底，基础;基本原则[事实];最低点[额] come/get down to ~穷根究底;山穷水尽

(6)negligible(a.)可以忽略的;不重要的，微不足道的;neglectable(a.)可忽视的

凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，http://www.xiexiebang.com

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(7)formulate(v.)用公式表示，明确地表达，作简洁陈述，阐明(n.)formulation

(8)conviction(n.)深信，确信;定罪;convict(v.)证明„„有罪(n.)罪犯;convince(v.)使确信，使信服

(9)trilogy(n.)三部剧，三部曲;tri-前缀表示“三”，如triangle三角形

(10)vivify(v.)使有生气，使生动，使活跃;vivific(a.);-viv-词根表示“生活，生命”

(11)disintegration(n.)瓦解，分裂，崩溃;蜕变，衰变;integration(n.)结合，综合(12)epithet(n.)绰号，称号

(13)manipulation(n.)处理，操作，操纵;manipulate(v.)

(14)heavy-handed笨手笨脚的;其它与hand相关的复合词包括：empty-handed空手的;even-handed公平的;freehanded徒手的，大方的

(15)didacticism(n.)教训主义didactic(a.)教诲的，说教的(16)to one’s credit使值得赞扬，使受尊重，如To his credit, Jack never told anyone what had happened.杰克对所发生的事守口如瓶，值得赞扬。

全文翻译

杰克·林德萨是一位杰出的多产作家，他一生创作了约40部小说，若干戏剧，大量诗歌，以及历史、评论和自传作品。同时他还兼任编辑和翻译家。这一事实很轻易地掩盖了杰克·林德萨在他自己所冒险的领域里的真正光芒。20世纪20年代杰克·林德萨与人合编的《悉尼生活》一直被认为将澳大利亚文化引入了一个新的时期，而他1930年著的关于Kickens的著作也受到了很高的评价。在他所从事的各种创作活动中，可能小说创作的贡献最大。

用他自己在Fanfrolico提到的及其后来的话说，1916年他到了“山穷水尽”的地步，自那以后杰克·林德萨一直持有马克思主义的世界观。如果没有其他因素的话，恰是这种世界观确保了杰克·林德萨的小说在现代英国文坛上拥有不大但是肯定不可忽视的地位。由于感觉到“历史小说作为一种战斗武器，作为一种文化手段，其未来的作用不可限量”，他首次把自己的马克思主义观点写入了一系列主要以历史为背景的小说，尤其是三部曲的英国小说《1929》、《丢失的长子》以及《四十八岁的男人》(写于1919年，欧洲爆发宪章运动和革命起义)。随着第一部作品的巨大成功，这些作品基本上复苏了英国社会主义背后的历史传统，并且试图证明它保持不变。用杰克·林德萨自己的话说，为了“民族命运的真正圆满”。

尽管战争造成了20世纪10年代的左翼文学运动实际上的解体，杰克·林德萨还在继续战斗，并在《我们要回家》和《恐怖之外》两部作品中探索了当时的事件。在这两部小说中，以前专属于邪恶的资本家和法国士兵的称号未加修饰地转用到了德国部队上。战后，林德萨继续主要就当时的背景进行写作，试图以不同程度的成功与战后英国非激进的政治现实达成妥协。在他1993年以《背叛的春天》开始的《英国的路》这一系列作品集中，看起来好像他的解决方法就是更多的依靠作家式的处理和笨拙的说教。幸运的是，从《儿子的反抗》开始转变，林德萨表现出日益渐涨的不再依靠政党解决办法的趋势，他赋予作品主人公的也仅仅是最基本的政治觉悟除此之外什么也没有。因此在他最新的当代小说(看起来也是最后的一部)《时间的抉择》中，主人公柯林带着绝望的语气说道：“什么都得改，这样的生活我再也过不下去了，但是我该如何改变这一切呢?” 值得赞扬的是，杰克·林德萨作为一名艺术家，没有给出问题的具体答案。

Text 2

答案

1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.A

总体分析

本文是一篇说明大多数人共有的特殊习惯和观念并不一定合理的看法的文章。作者驳斥凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，http://www.xiexiebang.com

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了认为大家共有的就是正确的这种错误观点，提倡批判性思维。

第一段：作者指出，在研究中发现特殊的习惯和观念一定程度上反映了人类社会的某些规律，但它们并非一定是合理的判断和智慧的结果。因此我们应小心谨慎地看待它们。

第二段：许多传统和习俗的盛行，不足以说明它们的合理性和真实性。认为大家都说的话是真的，大家都做的事是对的，这是一种谬论。

第三段：在很多领域即使是受过教育的人也无法清楚地理解这一事实，即人们持有的共同观点、形成的共同习俗等不一定正确。

第四段：应在接受某种传综和信仰前对其依据仔细审视，否则会认为谬论也是真理。

试题精解

1.作者对文章开头部分所提及的现象所持的态度是_____。

[A] 怀疑 [B] 赞同 [C] 漠不关心 [D] 厌恶

[精解] 本题考查作者态度。可先将[C]项排除，因为既然作者用大量笔墨和精力来描写说明此现象，就证明了作者对于这一现象持的基本态度是关注而不是漠不关心。文章开头部分的ever-reiterated proofs，definite等词可能会误导考生选择[B]项，应注意在这些表示肯定的词语后面有一个关键的转折连词but。一般情况下，如果首段出现转折性连词，那么转折连词后面的内容才是作者强调的部分。作者转折指出：在充分强调和这些社会标准条件相关的(bearing on)证据时，我们必须小心谨慎，避免陷入常常误导粗心大意的学生的陷井(entrap the unwary student)。接下来出现了以of course为标志的让步表达：诚然，属于大多数人所共有的观念和习惯在很大程度上是合理的判断和实践智慧的结果。但该段末句再次出现but转折指出：但是在很大程度上，情况并非如此。依据该段中的逻辑标志词，可判断出作者对此现象并不持完全赞同的观点，排除[B]项。[D]项是具有明显的情感色彩的词语，而文中作者表达观点的方式非常隐晦，力求客观。[A]项为正确答案。

2.通过“但是在很大程度上并非如此”(第七行)，作者暗示_____。

[A] 绝大多数的人都只是一些新观点的追随者

[B] 即使是明智的头脑也会犯愚蠢的错误

[C] 得到广泛支持的也可能是错误的 [D] 没有人能免受错误影响

[精解] 本题考查考生的推理引申能力。回答本题的关键在于理解把握but 和so两个关键词的意思和所指。其中，but是转折连词，因此这句话的内容应该与前面所述内容意思相反。So意为“这样”，常指代上文所述内容或观点。所以考生应该重点阅读理解它前面那句话，即：诚然，属于人类共有的观念和习惯在很大程度上是合理的判断和和实践智慧的结果。那么最后一句话的含义是：在很大程度上，这些人类共有的观念和习惯并不一定是合理的判断和实践智慧的结果，[C]项是其概括含义，因此为正确答案。[A]项与文章内容无关;[B]项和[D]项是对文意的曲解。

3.下面哪句话在含义上与“这有很多的...去做”(第17至20行)最接近?

[A] 诸如历史和哲学上的原则很难处理。

[B] 人们喜欢看其他人为他们自己的模范都做了些什么。

[C] 受过教育的人在日常生活中更容易受错误影响。

[D] 每个人都做同一件事并不证明大家都是对的。

[精解] 本题考查句意的理解。这是第三段的第一句话，其结构颇为复杂，主干成分是There are various topics。especially in history, law, philosophy做状语，意为“尤其是在历史、法律、哲学方面”。Where even the educated people...to do so部分做定语修饰various topics。这个定语从句也是一个复合句，主干成分是even the educated people can hardly be brought to see，句中的 we live among部分做定语修饰the educated people。See后是that引导的宾语从凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，http://www.xiexiebang.com

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句，其主干结构是the cause why...is by no means necessarily a reason why...，意为“...的原因决不一定非是...的理由”。其中又包含了两个由why引导的定语从句，分别修饰the cause和the reason。整个句子的大意是：对于很多话题，尤其是涉及到历史，法律和哲学方面的话题，即使是我们中间受过教育的人也很难认识到人们持有某种观念或形成某种习俗的缘由决不一定是他们这样做的理由。换言之，很多人持有的观念或形成的习俗不是必然的。再看该句的上文，即第二段末句提到，有一种谬论深深植根于人类的头脑中，认为大家都说的话肯定是真的，大家都做的事肯定是对的。可见，三段首句是延续二段末句的话题展开论述，其中hold an opinion和practise a custom对应上文中的what everybody says和what everybody does。既然是谬论，当然是不合理的。因此三段首句仍在说明：大家共有的或已有的观点和做法不一定合理。[D]项为正确答案。

在文中，作者提到历史、哲学，是为了说明人们这些方面形成的观点和形成的习俗，并未涉及它们本身的原则处理问题，所以[A]项错误，文中提到，受教育的人也免不了和常人一样有这样错误的认识，但不是更容易受错误影响，[C]项不正确。[B]项与文章内容无关。

4.下述选项中的内容哪个是作者可能建议的?

[A] 支持最不受支持的。

[B] 否定他人相信的任何事情。

[C] 将所有的传统扔进垃圾桶。

[D] 时刻保持注意。

[精解] 本题考查作者的观点。第一段作者提到，大多数人所共有的观念和习惯不一定是合理的判断和实践智慧的结果;第二至三段又提出，认为“大家都说的话肯定是真的，大家都做的事肯定是对的”是一种谬论。文章的最后提到，如果按照上述的推理方式，即大家广泛同意的观点就是对的，那么我们也可以证明地球是扁的，噩梦是恶魔的来访。由此可以看出，作者是在批驳人们思维方式上走入的误区，建议人们用一种更批判更睿智的态度看待那些已经习以为常的观点和做法。而并不建议我们彻底放弃传统、在没有确凿的证据的情况下支持或否定事物和观点。[A]、[B]和[C]项属于较偏狭的观点，不入选。

5.作者采用了何种方法展开文章?

[A] 讲道理。[B] 举例子。[C] 作比较。[D] 引证。

[精解] 本题考查文章的写作方法。在文章的开始部分作者承认观点的部分合理性，转而批驳其错误性，最后得出其错误结论，贯穿全文的写作方法是讲道理。

核心词汇或超纲词汇

(1)recurrence(n.)再现，重现;循环;recur(v.);recurrent(a.)

(2)reiterate(v.)反复地说，重申，重做;iterate(v.)反复说，重申，重述

(3)diffusion(n.)扩散，传播，漫射

(4)bear on(= bear upon)涉及;关于

(5)pitfall(n.)缺陷，失误;隐藏的危险，隐患;陷阱，圈套

(6)entrap(v.)使入陷阱;诱骗~ sb.into doing sth.诱使某人做某事

(7)unwary(a.)不注意的，粗心的，不警惕的，易受骗的;wary(a.)机警的，谨慎的(8)firmament(n.)天空，太空，苍天

(9)truism(n.)真实性;公认的真理，自明之理

(10)fallacy(n.)谬误，谬论;fallacious(a.)

(11)ethnography(n.)民俗学，人种学，人种志;ethno-前缀意为“种族，民族”;ethnographic(a.)

(12)demon(n.)魔鬼，极残忍的人;邪恶的事物;精力过人的人

全文翻译

在研究特殊习惯及观念在一些地区的重复出现和它们在这些地区内盛行的现象时，我们凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，http://www.xiexiebang.com

考研就找凯程考研，学生满意，家长放心，社会认可！

碰到了被反复重申的论证，证明了在特定的文化发展阶段，产生人类生活现象的一般因果关系，和社会维持和传播条件的规律。但是，在充分强调这些和社会标准条件相关的证据的同时，我们必须小心谨慎，避免陷入粗心大意的学生常常掉进的陷井。诚然，属于大多数人所共有的观念和习惯在很大程度上是合理的判断和实践智慧的结果，但是在很大程度上，情况并非如此。

许多的人类社会相信恶毒眼光的影响和苍天的存在，祭祀死去的魂灵并为其奉献奴隶和祭品，将巨人杀死猛兽以及人变成怪兽的传统流传下来，这些都使人们有理由相信这些想法在人脑中产生有其有效的根源，但却不能以此为依据认为我们所提及的习俗是有益的，这些信仰是合理的，历史是真实的。乍一看，这似乎像是自明之理，然而事实上，这是对一种谬论的否定：这种谬论深深植根于人类的头脑中，只有一小部分具有批判性思维的人除外。通常情况下，大家都说的话肯定是真的，大家都做的事肯定是对的。

对于很多的话题，尤其是在历史，法律，哲学和神学领域，我们中间那些甚至受过教育的人也很难理解，人们持有某种观点、形成某种习俗的原因决不一定是他们这样做的理由。现今，民俗学证据的收集使众多的人在某些传统、信仰和习惯上的一致看法突显出来，这些证据很容易被不适当地用来直接维护这些传统本身，甚至一些古老的野蛮民族也用投票方式来维护他们自己的观点，反对所谓的现代观点。

我发现自己收集一些传统观念和信仰时，在没有对接受它们的依据进行仔细审视的情况下，也是如此主张它们的客观真实性，并且这种情况不只一次发生。因此，我借此机会想说的是，以上这种推理方式同样也可以证明，地球是扁的，噩梦是恶魔的来访并且可以争得许多民族坚决而广泛的认同。

凯程教育：

凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；

凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；

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如何选择考研辅导班：

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师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，http://www.xiexiebang.com

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验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由

一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。还要深入了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集，李海洋、张鑫教授、方浩教授、卢营教授、孙浩教授等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。

对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才能深入辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中，从来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2015五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最好证明。对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，还有很多是工作了多年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研，他们的难度大，竞争激烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达到优异的成绩。最好的办法是直接和凯程老师详细沟通一下就清楚了。

建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉资源更多。例如，凯程教育已经成立10年（2005年），一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有兴趣可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。

有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小，就是一个在写字楼里上课，自习，这种环境是不太好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区，有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全，这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外，最好还要看一下他们的营业执照。

凯程考研，考研机构，10年高质量辅导，值得信赖！以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学员引路。

第二篇：2018考研英语二模拟试题1及答案[范文模版]

2018考研英语二模拟试题及答案

（一）Directions:

Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male.It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1 __ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker.A young man can __2__a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3 __ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection.__4__ , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen.__5 __ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying

__6__ a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair.Formerly it lasted three days, __7__ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half.Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__

prayers of blessing.Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, __9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and __10__ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__.Newlyseds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may __12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to __14__ ,but not common.Divoreced persons are __15__with some disapproval.Each spouse retains __16__ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally.Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__ the woman must wait ten months.1.[A] by way of

[B] on behalf of

[C] as well as

[D] with regard to

[标准答案] [C] as well as

[考点分析] 逻辑关系

[选项分析] 因为考查逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：空格处身处大环境not only„but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅„„而且„„”，该空后面的those指代前文出现的“parents and friends”，显然“the young man”与“the young woman”为并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关”，所以答案只能是[C]项as well as 也，又。[A]项by way of 通过，[D]项with regard to 关于，[B]项on behalf of 代表。

2.[A] adapt to

[B] provide for

[C] compete with

[D] decide on

[标准答案] [D] decide on

[考点分析] 上下文语义

[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是[D]项decide on“决定”，表示自己决定自己的配偶。[B]项provide for为„„提供准备„„，provide为及物动词，直接跟宾语，不需要加介词；[C]项compete with“与„„竞争”，[A]项adapt to“适用”。

3.[A] close

[B] remew

[C] arrange

[D] postpone

[标准答案] [C] arrange

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] 该句意思为：他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母_____婚姻谈判。四个选项中，[A]项close 关闭；[B]项renew 更新，恢复；[D]项postpone 推迟；这三项语义不正确，只有[C]项arrange“安排”符合语境。

4.[A] Above all

[B] In theory

[C] In time

[D] For example

[标准答案] [B] In theory

[考点分析] 上下文语义

[选项分析] 逻辑判断题主要是看前后两句的含义，前面说“他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母安排婚姻谈判，或者完全由父母选择对象，不给孩子选择的机会。”空格后面说“女方可以否决她父母所选择的对象。”这两句之间显然是相反的关系，且有一个may，更证明[B]项In theory“理论上说”的正确性，而其他选项[A]项Above all最重要的是，[C]项In time 准时，[D]项For example举例，均不符合题意。

5.[A] Although

[B] Lest

[C] After

[D] Unless

[标准答案] [C] After

[考点分析] 上下文语义

[选项分析] 根据下文“______a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other„”可知，只有对象选择好后，父母才会去调查对方，显然表达的是时间先后顺序，所以只有after才对。其他选项[A]项Although 尽管，[B]项Lest 以免，唯恐，[D]Unless 除非，否则都不符合题意。

6.[A] into

[B] within

[C] from

[D] through

[标准答案] [A] into

[考点分析] 上下文语义及介词辨析

[选项分析] 这里主要是看marry与相关介词的固定搭配及句意理解。这里marry into就是指“通过婚姻得到[成为]„„的一员”，而其他选项均没有这层含义。

7.[A] since

[B] or

[C] but

[D] so

[标准答案] [C] but

[考点分析] 逻辑关系

[选项分析] 根据上文“以前婚礼会持续三天”，出处句子意为“到了20世纪80年代，婚礼只持续一天半”，显然与前文发生转变，为对比关系，因此选择[C]项but 但是。

8.[A] copy

[B] test

[C] recite

[D] create

[标准答案] [C] recite

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] 空格处需要填一个动词，和后面的prayers of blessing所搭配，[C]项recite 有“吟诵、朗诵”的意思，与所给短语搭配最为合理，译为“吟诵祝福的祈祷文”。

9.[A] folding

[B] piling

[C] wrapping

[D] tying

[标准答案] [D] tying

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] 本题需要根据上下文语义分析，空格处需要搭配后文“棉线”，纵观四个选项[A]项折叠，[B]项堆积，[C]项包裹，[D]项系上，根据后文的“around the bride’s and groom’s wrists

在新郎和新娘的腰间”，只有[D]项“将在圣水中浸过的棉线系在新郎和新娘的腰间”符合句意。

10.[A] passing

[B] lighting

[C] hiding

[D] serving

[标准答案] [A] passing

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] 原文空格需要填写一个动词与后文“around a circle”来搭配，译为“将蜡烛传一圈”，故[A]项“传递”为正确选项。[B]项点亮，[C]项隐藏，[D]项服务。

11.[A] meeting

[B] collection

[C] association

[D] union

[标准答案] [D] union

[考点分析] 名词辨析

[选项分析] 本句语义为“将蜡烛绕着幸福完婚和受人尊敬的夫妻传递一圈来祝福

”，[D]项结合，引申为“婚姻”之意；根据语境，[D]项正确。

12.[A] grow

[B] part

[C] deal

[D] live

[标准答案] [D] live

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] 本题比较简单。根据语义“根据传统，新婚夫妇要搬到妻子父母家，与父母____一年”，[D]项“生活”为最佳答案。[C]项交易，[B]项分开，[A]项成长。

13.[A] whereas

[B] until

[C] if

[D] for

[标准答案] [B] until

[考点分析] 时间逻辑关系

[选项分析] 本句意为“_____他们在附近建造一栋新房子”，[A]项然而，[B]项直到，[D]项因为，[C]项如果，结合前文“新婚夫妇根据传统要和女方家人生活一年”，前后存在一定的时间关系，[B]项“直到”最符合原文语境，搭配最为合理。

14.[A] avoid

[B] follow

[C] challenge

[D] obtain

[标准答案] [D] obtain

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] Divorce is legal and relatively easy to __14__, but not common.该句句意为“离婚是合法的，且相对容易____。”[A]项avoid避免，[B]项follow跟随，[C]项challenge挑战，质疑，[D]项obtain获得，实现。根据关键词“legal”可知这里表达的是正面的意思，再根据句意选择[D]项。

15.[A] isolated

[B] persuaded

[C] viewed

[D] exposed

[标准答案] [C] viewed

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval.离婚的人一些不认可。本段第一句提到“离婚是合法的且相对容易得到批准，但是不常见。”这句其实是在说明离婚并不常见的原因，[A]项isolated孤立，[B]项persuaded劝说，[C]项viewed看待，[D]项exposed接触，受到„„的影响，[C]项最符合句意。

16.[A] whereever

[B] whatever

[C] whenever

[D] however

[标准答案] [B] whatever

[考点分析] 关系代词辨析

[选项分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage.17小题四个选项都是动词，所以该句意思为：夫妇双方保有财产，这个财产是他或她进婚姻的。结合[A]项 whereever“无论何地；任何（地方）=any place where(定从)”；[B]项 whatever“无论什么；任何（东西）=anything that/any+N that”；[C]项 whenever无论何时；任何时间=any time when；[D]项 however无论如何；无论多么。根据语义，这里应该不是让步的关系，而且填的这个词还要能修饰property。因此，选择[B]项，等于retains any property that he or she„„。

17.[A] changed

[B] brought

[C] shaped

[D] pushed

[标准答案] [B] brought

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析

[选项分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage，结合[A]项 changed“改变”，[B]项 brought “带来”，[C]项 shaped“形成”，[D]项 pushed“推，逼迫”。结合语境只有[B]项符合句意，意为“把财产带入婚姻”。

18.[A] invested

[B] divided

[C] donated

[D] withdrawn

[标准答案] [B] divided

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析

[选项分析]...and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally.结合[A]项invested投资；[B]项divided分配；分开；[C]项donated 捐赠；[D]项withdrawn撤出，提取。根据语义应该是共同财产被（夫妻双方）平分，因此选择[B]项。

19.[A] warms

[B] clears

[C] shows

[D] breaks

[标准答案] [C] shows

[考点分析] 动词固定搭配

[选项分析] Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up.该句语义为离过婚的人或许会再婚，但是性别偏见

。[A]项warm up加热，热身；[B]项clear up（天气）变晴，收拾，消除；[C]项show up显现；[D]项break up分裂，分开；根据句意，选择[C]项。

20.[A] while

[B] so that

[C] once

[D] in that

[标准答案] [A] while

[选项分析] 上下文语义

[考点分析] 本句句意为：离婚的男性再婚不需要等待期，女性必须等十个月。显然前后两句存在转折关系，只有[A]项while“然而”能够表达这个意思。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A Directions：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1

France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That’s a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing.Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined

【解析】推断题。根据France定位到文章前两段，第一段讲法国决定时装业失去了定义（define）形体美（physical beauty）的绝对权力。法国的立法者通过了一项法律，雇用超瘦的模特属于犯罪，议会也禁止网站通过推崇极端节食“鼓动过度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That’s a start.他们建议美丽不应该以伤害身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”由此可知，法国通过立法手段来改变法国时装业模特超瘦的现状，即[A]项的“形体美将会被重新定义”，是对原文内容的合理推断。[B]项“将会建造新的舞台”，[C]项“有关节食的网站将会兴起”，[D]项“时装业将会衰退”，均不能从文中推测出来，属于“无中生有”。

22.The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2, Para 2)is closest in meaning to____

[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.【答案】 [D] doing harm to

【解析】猜词题。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.他们建议美丽不应该以

身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”impinging on后面的宾语为“health”，即对健康的某种影响。根据第二段第三句“对超瘦模特的禁令似乎不仅仅是在防止模特挨饿致死——正如曾有人这么做过的”，可见法国目前的对美丽的定义导致了有人为了保持身材，挨饿致死，因此推测出这一短语在这里的意思为“侵犯，伤害”，[D]项“对„„有害”正确。[A]项“增强了„„的价值”，[B]项“反映了„„的状态”，[C]项“对„„失去信心”均不符合句意。

23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.【答案】 [B] New Standards are being set in Denmark

【解析】细节题。根据第五段第二句话“In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion...在丹麦，它正尝试为模特设定自愿的标准„„”，可知[B]项“在丹麦新的标准正在被设定”是对原文的同义替换。[A]项“法国的措施失败了”；[C]项“不再有来自同行执法的压力”，文章第五段第二句后半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，属于“正反混淆”；[D]项“它固有的问题变得更严重了”，文中第五段只提及时装业有固有的问题，并未提及“变得更严重”，属于“无中生有”。

24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____

[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models’ character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.【答案】 [C] showing little concern for health factors

【解析】推断题。题设为“一个设计师很可能因为什么原因被CFW拒绝”，根据关键词CFW可回到文中定位至倒数第二段，该段提到丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄、健康及其他特性的内容达成一致意见，且一项新法案也明确规定，他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响，并且应该对此承担责任，这一法规的执行方式就是拒绝一些设计师和模特经纪机构参加哥本哈根时装周（CFW）。因此[C]项的“不关心健康因素”符合题意，为正确答案。[D]项“追求完美的身体状况”，[B]项的“过多关注模特的性格”，[A]项“设定了一个模特高龄门槛”，均不符合题意。

25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

【答案】 [D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

【解析】主旨题。本文从首段就开始阐述法国通过立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，时装业已经失去了定义女性身体之美的绝对权力，且议会也禁止网站通过宣传过度节食来强调过度消瘦。第二段继续说明美丽不能只看外表，更不能以牺牲健康为代价，时装业应该为传递给女性的不良信息负责。第三段说明女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。第四段讲法国的措施更多的是依靠严厉的惩罚。最后三段提到了丹麦与法国截然不同的措施。纵观全文，文章主要在讲各个国家对解决目前模特超瘦的现状的措施，因此[D]项的“对时装业身体典范的挑战”是对原文的“高度概括”。

Text 2

Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice.Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone--a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse.The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant.But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home.A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole.New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections.Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then;they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26.The Supreme Court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to

[A] search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant.[B] check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27.The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of

[A] tolerance.[B] indifference.[C] disapproval.[D] cautiousness.28.The author believes that exploring one's phone content is comparable to

[A] getting into one's residence.[B] handing one's historical records.[C] scanning one's correspondences.[D] going through one's wallet.29.In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that

[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.[D] citizens' privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)California's argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.T2 答案B check suspects' phone contents without being authorized

解析：细节题。根据自然段定位原则，定位到首段。根据题干关键词supreme court，whether精确定位到第一段最后一句whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone„.，与选项进行对应，即为B在不授权的情况下检查嫌疑人的电话信息。注意A选项应是search contents。

答案 C disapproval

解析：态度题。根据题干California's argument定位到第二段最后一句及第三段首句，这些句子中提到hard„ recklessly modest„等负向词，表达的是负面态度。看选项属于负面的就是disapproval。A 容忍，B冷漠是典型错误，D粗心。

答案A getting into one's residence

解析：细节题。题干问：作者认为搜索电话薄就相当于什么？根据段落界定原则定位到第四段转折处，提到But exploring one's smart phone is more like entering his or her home.与选项对应，A中的residence对应home，是原文的同意替换。注意D选项不是作者的观点，不能将文中人物观点当作作者观点。答案D citizens' privacy is not effective protected

解析：细节题。根据题干定位到5段和6段，题干问作者最关注的是什么，即是相应段落的段落中心。因此，该题表面是细节题，实质为段落核心。5段首句为中心句提到，应采取措施保护数据隐私；6段又继续陈述原则的不恰当之处。根据这些内容，对应答案D 市民隐私未能得到有效保护。答案 B New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution 解析：例证题。题干问的是引用Orin Kerr的目的是什么，即Orin Kerr是论据，其目的是论点。论点往往在论据的前面，所以要找例子前面的一句话，即New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections.与选项对应，就是B new technology是原词复现，require等同于demands，reinterpretation of the Constitution同义替换applications of the Constitution's protections。Text 3

“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with [A] tolerance [B] skepticism [C] uncertainty [D] approval

【答案】[B]

【解析】观点态度题。题干问的是作者对有关CSR方面Milton Friedman的说法是什么态度。根据信号词Milton Friedman这个人定位到首段。注意题干问的是作者的看法，因此定位到第二句but转折处。But后句子的主干为：things may not be absolutely clear-cut，可见作者对Milton Friedman所说的内容并不完全赞同，故选择答案[B]项怀疑。[A]项容忍，[C]项不确定，[D]项赞同，这三项均不是作者的态度，故排除。

32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by

[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.【答案】[A]

【解析】细节题。根据题干中的出处提示“Paragraph 2”定位到第二段第二句：This could add value to their businesses in three ways.This指的是CSR，根据接下来讲到的三点：第一点是，消费者认为这样的公司产品质量比较高；第二点是，顾客更愿意购买这样公司的产品；第三点是，通过一个更为广泛的“晕轮效应”，消费者会更多地考虑这样的公司的产品。可知，有CSR支出的公司会吸引更多的消费者，[A]项“赢得消费者的信任”，是对整个三点的总结，故为正确答案。[B]项防止公司里的玩忽职守，[C]项保护公司免受毁谤，[D]项提升公司产品的质量，均在原文中未提及，故排除。

33.The expression “more lenient’(Line 2, Para.4)is closest in meaning to [A] more effective [B] less controversial [C] less severe [D] more lasting

【答案】[C]

【解析】猜词题。根据题干中的出处提示“line 2, para.4”及信号词“more lenient”定位到原文中的第四段第一句：The study found that...penalties。明显此句中more lenient 修饰 penalties(惩罚)，要想推测出more lenient的含义，需要知道被起诉的公司中，那些有着全面的CSR项目的公司和penalties 之间的联系。本项在第五段的最后一句最容易被看出来，第五段最后一句提到那些在CSR有较大投资的公司，当被起诉有贿赂行为时，所受到的罚金要比通常的罚金低40%左右，可知这样的公司会受到较轻的惩罚，故more lenient是较轻，即较不严重的意思，故选[C]项。[A]项更有效的，[B]项较少有争议的，[D]项更持久的，这三项均不是more lenient的意思，故排除。

34.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record [A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.【答案】[A]

【解析】细节题。题干问的是 CSR record 与 prosecutors evaluate a case 的关系，根据题干中的信号词prosecutors evaluate a case可回文中定位到第五段第一句：In all...in CSR。这里的be influenced与[A]项 has an impact 对应，即一个公司的CSR会影响检察官对其案件的评估，故选[A]项。[B]项被检察官认为是可靠的证据，[C]项增加了被惩罚的机会，[D]项构成了调查的一部分，这三项均在原文中没有提及，故排除。

35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?

[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.【答案】[B]

【解析】判断题题干问的是根据最后一段，有关CSR的论述哪个是对的。定位到原文最后一段，根据其内容可知“研究人员承认到其研究没有回答如下问题：公司应该在CSR方面花费多少钱”。[B]项的意思是“公司在CSR方面的花费是未知的”，属于原文的同义替换，故正确。[A]项 CSR对公司的负面影响经常被忽视，[C]项公司对CSR的经济承担力被过高估计了，[D]项 CSR给银行业带来了很多好处，这三项在文中均为提及，故排除。

Text 4

Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch's daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”.Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market.But “it's us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It's increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge-the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people.This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial.This saga still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defense was that she knew nothing.In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run.Perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions-nor received traceable, recorded answers.36.According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by

(A)the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.(B)companies' financial loss due to immoral practices

(C)governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.(D)the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that

(A)Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.(B)more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.(C)Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.(D)phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38.The author believes that Rebekah Brooks's defense

(A)revealed a cunning personality.(B)centered on trivial issues.(C)was hardly convincing.(D)was part of a conspiracy.39.The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows

(A)generally distorted values.(B)unfair wealth distribution.(C)a marginalized lifestyle.(D)a rigid moral code.40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?

(A)The quality of writings is of primary importance.(B)Common humanity is central to news reporting.(C)Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.(D)Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.36.答案A.The consequences of the current sorting mechanism.因果细节题

题目问到Elisbeth 因什么而感到沮丧。定位在第一段第二句 Intergrity had collapsed,..., because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market, 由于社会中唯一的分类机制是利润和市场这一共同的观念，导致了正直这种道德品质的沦丧。

37.答案 B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking 段落推断题

定位到第三段第一句 As the hacking trial concludes....the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands 正如窃听案总结的那样，仍然存在更广泛的dearth of integrity 的事件，与选项B 对应。

38.答案 C was hardly convincing 观点细节题根据第四段第二句中astonishing，how little...,how little...She never...以及第三句中She knew nothing 的语气判断作者的态度是认为RB的辩护是没有说服力的。

39.答案 A generally distorted values 观点细节题题干定位在第五段第三句，答案定位在随后的第四、第五句。The current collective doctrine 认为重要的是 efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value...., 而认为justice, fairness....不重要，故扭曲了价值观。

40.答案是C

moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.段落推断题定位在最后一段前两句。世界新闻杂志的目的不是提升读者的理解能力。。而是为了发行量和影响力而毁了人们的生活。从ruined the lives 的表达能看出作者希望杂志所做的是提高其道德意识，与C选项对应。

Part B

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

How does your reading proceed? Clearly, you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41)________________.You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is evolved.Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where?

The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension but they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving.You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.(42)________________

Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader.What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relationship of the text to the world.(43)_____________

Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.(44)_____________.This does not, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless.Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page---including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns---debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of belief and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)_____________.Such dimensions of reading suggest---as others introduced later in the book will also do--that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading.It does not then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another.Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another.Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context.On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity-inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author's own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organizations or patterning we perceive in a text's formal structures(so especially its language structures)and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.41 【C】

解析：41段中空，所以要看上句。空前与空后句中的主语是you,因此正确选项在C、D中存在，此其一也；Ｄ中出现了reconstruct（重组）逻辑上是再次发生，与位于句首的逻辑发生了叙述上的矛盾。故排除Ｄ选择Ｃ。另外，Ｃ中的words or idioms和meanings 在41空前句重现，因为前句中有identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them。

【E】

解析：42 段尾空，所以看上一句话。空前一句中的主语是you,因此正确选项在C、D、E中存在，此其一也；其二，该句中主句谓语动词是infer, 与E中的宾语inferences构成逻辑对应关系。故排除Ｃ和Ｄ选择E。另外,42空前两句提到了阅读时我们会active engagement in inference and problem-solving, 并针对作者文中的specific evidence and clues 进行信息的推测。Ｅ选项中further 一词表明延续此话题，用for instance 具体举例说明我们对文章信息作怎么样的推测。

43【G】

解析：43段尾空，应重点看本段上一句。同时下段开头出现了代词such background，而G中最后一句中的background与之形成逻辑对应关系。故选择G。另外，G中Rather表示转折，与43空前句开头的not 构成“not„ rather„”的“不是„„而是„„”结构

44【B】

解析：44段中空，看上下句。此段空前句中有关键词background，空后句中有关键词interpretation;background逻辑上对应G中最后一句中的background，而interpretation 逻辑对应B中最后一句中的interpretations.故选择B。另外，B中Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class 是44空前who we are的具体阐述。

45【A】

解析：45段中空，看上下句。最后一段首句主语是we, 所有选项中只有A和G的主语是we;但是G中首词是转折词Rather，与首句逻辑矛盾，故排除G选择A。另外，A中具体描述了许多不同的阅读目的和方式，此为对45空前句How we read a given text 和our particular interest in reading it 的具体阐述。A中的信息是45空后句such dimensions of reading 的指代对象。

Part C Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America.46)This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47)The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe.Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48)But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth-and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America.These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft.During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on meager rations.Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey.Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought interminable delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.Said one chronicler, “The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods.50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.Here was abundant fuel and lumber.Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.文章来源于An Outline of American History，《美国历史纲要》，是一本历史学方面的专著。

46)This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.【句子结构】本句的主干为：this movement built a nation and shaped the character and destiny。driven by powerful motivations为过去分词做状语，分隔了主谓。out of a wilderness和by its nature为介词短语做状语，分别修饰built和shaped。

【参考译文】受到多种强大的动机驱动，这次移民在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，由于其本质，它也塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

47)The United States is the product of two principal forces--the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.【句子结构】本句主干为The United States is the product。破折号之后the immigration and the impact为two principal forces。of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics为the immigration的定语，of a new country为the impact的定语，之后which引导定语从句，修饰a new country。

【参考译文】美国产生于两个主要力量：思想习俗、民族特色各异的欧洲移民，以及改造这些特征的新国家所产生的影响。

But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.【句子结构】本句的主干为But the force, the interplay and the sheer difficulty caused changes。本句主语较长，为并列的三个名词the force, the interplay and the sheer difficulty，之后又分别有较长的定语修饰：介词短语of geographic conditions为the force的定语，之后peculiar to America为形容词短语修饰geographic conditions；介词短语of the varied national groups和upon one another同时修饰the interplay；of maintaining old-world ways 和in a raw, new continent同时修饰the sheer difficulty。

【参考译文】但是，美国拥有独特的地理条件，不同民族之间产生了相互的作用，因此，在一片原始新大陆上，维护旧大陆方式产生了纯粹的困难，这一切引发了重大的变化。

The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth-and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.【句子结构】本句的主干为The first shiploads of immigrants crossed the Atlantic。bound for the territory为immigrants的定语，之后which引导定语从句修饰the territory。more than a hundred years after the fifteenth-and sixteenth-century explorations of North America为状语。

【参考译文】在15-16世纪北美探索的一百多年之后，运往如今的美国这片新领土的第一船移民横渡了大西洋。

The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.【句子结构】本句主干为The virgin forest was a real treasure-house。主语之后with its richness and variety of trees为其定语，表语a real treasure-house后是which引导的定语从句对其进行修饰。

【参考译文】拥有丰富多样树种的原始森林是一个真正的宝库，它从缅因州一直延伸到乔治亚州。

Section III

Writing

Part A

Directions:

You are going to hold a club reading session.Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)

Dear friends，I am writing to tell you about a fantastic book I have just read, as we always share the same taste of books.The book is called Journey to the West, which tells us a story that four monks conquered multiple handicaps to achieve their final destination.Besides the touching and thrilling plot, the book also features humorous languages, thanks to the talented author.So I recommend it to all of you as one of the favorite books that I have ever read.I am sure you will love it as much as I do.I am looking forward to discussing more with you after you read it.Yours sincerely，o

Li Ming

今年英语一的小作文不出预料，再一次考查到了推荐信。在英语一的考试当中，推荐信已经考查过1年。例如我们英语一在2011年就考查过向你的朋友推荐一部电影。具体题目要求如下Directions:

Write a letter to a friend of yours to

1)recommend one of your favorite movies and

2)give reasons for your recommendation.因此，考生不用惊慌只要把2011年的小作文稍作修改即可成文。这就启发我们2016届的同学们要高度重视历年真题，因为考过的话题或是书信类型会反复考查。今年考题的Direction要求向读书俱乐部的成员推荐一本书。根据题目的要求，我们可以判断本文为公务信函，语域为正式语域，即不能出现缩写、省略问句和和口语表达。

下面我们来详细解读下今年的小作文，首先看一下题目要求：

Directions:

you are going to hold a club reading session.Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.Do not write the address.(10 point)

称呼： Dear friends注意称呼中，后面的逗号不可丢，也不能写成冒号。

正文

第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：写信目的，表明推荐；用到了这样的表达I am writing to tell you about a fantastic book I have just read, as we always share the same taste of books.第二段：写作内容为推荐原因。首先，告知大家推荐的书名是什么；再次，具体阐明推荐的具体原因。用到了这样的表达：The book is called Journey to the West, which tells us a story that four monks conquered multiple handicaps to achieve their final destination.Besides the touching and thrilling plot, the book also features humorous languages, thanks to the talented author.第三段：再次强调写信目的。

落款： Yours sincerely, 特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢；签名： Li Ming特别注意 Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。

Part B

Directions:

Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following picture.in your essay, you should

1.describe the pictures briefly，2.interpret its intended meaning, and

3.give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)

【范文】

What is symbolically depicted in the caricatures carries sharp contrast implications.In the first drawing, a father is watching a football match on the sofa.Meanwhile, he is supervising his son to finish homework.It is obvious that his son wears frowned expression on his face.On the contrary, the second portrayal depicts a father is working earnestly besides his son, and his son is doing his own assignment without prodding.The drawer demonstrates that utmost significance should be attached to the phenomenon that setting proper examples has exerted great impact on the growth of the younger generation in China.Previously, it is widely acknowledged that parents are under obligation to help their kids form a set of appropriate values about the world and the life, which carries overwhelmingly precious connotation to the sound development on the younger generation.Simultaneously, there is no denying that the most rational method for adults to educate adolescents is to set them good examples rather than making perpetual requirements, which is less persuasive compared with the actions.Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implication from the drawings.On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten parents to be more advisable in educating their children.On the other hand, parents should attach more emphasis on setting excellent models for their juveniles.Only in this way, can we effectively ensure a promising prospect for adolescents.面，我们要指出手机的弊端，给我们生活带来了很多负面影响。第三段评论段的写作内容为给出自己的评论和建议。可以指出年轻人应该重视面对面的交流！最后一句可以展望一下未来，说如果我们放下手机拿起筷子享受美食，和谐的关系就会出现了！

第三篇：2018考研英语二模拟试题及答案1

可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

2018考研英语二模拟试题及答案

（一）Directions:

Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

[B] on behalf of

[C] as well as

[D] with regard to

[标准答案] [C] as well as

[考点分析] 逻辑关系

2.[A] adapt to

[B] provide for

[C] compete with

[D] decide on

[标准答案] [D] decide on

[考点分析] 上下文语义

[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是[D]项decide on“决定”，表示自己决定自己的配偶。[B]项provide for为„„提供准备„„，可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

provide为及物动词，直接跟宾语，不需要加介词；[C]项compete with“与„„竞争”，[A]项adapt to“适用”。

3.[A] close

[B] remew

[C] arrange

[D] postpone

[标准答案] [C] arrange

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

4.[A] Above all

[B] In theory

[C] In time

[D] For example

[标准答案] [B] In theory

[考点分析] 上下文语义

5.[A] Although

[B] Lest

[C] After

[D] Unless

[标准答案] [C] After

[考点分析] 上下文语义

6.[A] into

[B] within

[C] from

[D] through

[标准答案] [A] into

[考点分析] 上下文语义及介词辨析

[选项分析] 这里主要是看marry与相关介词的固定搭配及句意理解。这里marry into就是指“通过婚姻得到[成为]„„的一员”，而其他选项均没有这层含义。

7.[A] since

[B] or

[C] but

[D] so

[标准答案] [C] but

[考点分析] 逻辑关系

[选项分析] 根据上文“以前婚礼会持续三天”，出处句子意为“到了20世纪80年代，婚礼只持续一天半”，显然与前文发生转变，为对比关系，因此选择[C]项but 但是。可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

8.[A] copy

[B] test

[C] recite

[D] create

[标准答案] [C] recite

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

9.[A] folding

[B] piling

[C] wrapping

[D] tying

[标准答案] [D] tying

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

在新郎和新娘的腰间”，只有[D]项“将在圣水中浸过的棉线系在新郎和新娘的腰间”符合句意。

10.[A] passing

[B] lighting

[C] hiding

[D] serving

[标准答案] [A] passing

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

11.[A] meeting

[B] collection

[C] association

[D] union

[标准答案] [D] union

[考点分析] 名词辨析

[选项分析] 本句语义为“将蜡烛绕着幸福完婚和受人尊敬的夫妻传递一圈来祝福

”，[D]项结合，引申为“婚姻”之意；根据语境，[D]项正确。

12.[A] grow

[B] part

[C] deal

[D] live

[标准答案] [D] live

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

13.[A] whereas

[B] until

[C] if

[D] for

[标准答案] [B] until

[考点分析] 时间逻辑关系

[选项分析] 本句意为“_____他们在附近建造一栋新房子”，[A]项然而，[B]项直到，[D]项因为，[C]项如果，结合前文“新婚夫妇根据传统要和女方家人生活一年”，前后存在一定的时间关系，[B]项“直到”最符合原文语境，搭配最为合理。可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

14.[A] avoid

[B] follow

[C] challenge

[D] obtain

[标准答案] [D] obtain

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

15.[A] isolated

[B] persuaded

[C] viewed

[D] exposed

[标准答案] [C] viewed

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

16.[A] whereever

[B] whatever

[C] whenever

[D] however

[标准答案] [B] whatever

[考点分析] 关系代词辨析

17.[A] changed

[B] brought

[C] shaped

[D] pushed

[标准答案] [B] brought

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析

18.[A] invested

[B] divided

[C] donated

[D] withdrawn

[标准答案] [B] divided

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析

[选项分析]...and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally.结合[A]项invested投资；[B]可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

项divided分配；分开；[C]项donated 捐赠；[D]项withdrawn撤出，提取。根据语义应该是共同财产被（夫妻双方）平分，因此选择[B]项。

19.[A] warms

[B] clears

[C] shows

[D] breaks

[标准答案] [C] shows

[考点分析] 动词固定搭配

[选项分析] Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up.该句语义为离过婚的人或许会再婚，但是性别偏见

。[A]项warm up加热，热身；[B]项clear up（天气）变晴，收拾，消除；[C]项show up显现；[D]项break up分裂，分开；根据句意，选择[C]项。

20.[A] while

[B] so that

[C] once

[D] in that

[标准答案] [A] while

[选项分析] 上下文语义

[考点分析] 本句句意为：离婚的男性再婚不需要等待期，女性必须等十个月。显然前后两句存在转折关系，只有[A]项while“然而”能够表达这个意思。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A Directions：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1

fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

22.The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2, Para 2)is closest in meaning to____

[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.【答案】 [D] doing harm to

【解析】猜词题。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.他们建议美丽不应该以

身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”impinging on后面的宾语为“health”，即对健康的某种影响。根据第二段第三句“对超瘦模特的禁令似乎不仅仅是在防止模特挨饿致死——正如曾有人这么做过的”，可见法国目前的对美丽的定义导致了有人为了保持身材，挨饿致死，因此推测出这一短语在这里的意可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

思为“侵犯，伤害”，[D]项“对„„有害”正确。[A]项“增强了„„的价值”，[B]项“反映了„„的状态”，[C]项“对„„失去信心”均不符合句意。

23.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____

25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

【答案】 [D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

在讲各个国家对解决目前模特超瘦的现状的措施，因此[D]项的“对时装业身体典范的挑战”是对原文的“高度概括”。

Text 2

[A] tolerance.[B] indifference.[C] disapproval.[D] cautiousness.28.The author believes that exploring one's phone content is comparable to

[A] getting into one's residence.[B] handing one's historical records.[C] scanning one's correspondences.[D] going through one's wallet.29.In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

答案 C disapproval

答案A getting into one's residence

three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with [A] tolerance [B] skepticism [C] uncertainty [D] approval

【答案】[B]

32.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by

[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.【答案】[A] 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

33.The expression “more lenient’(Line 2, Para.4)is closest in meaning to [A] more effective [B] less controversial [C] less severe [D] more lasting

【答案】[C]

35.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?

Text 4

(A)the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.(B)companies' financial loss due to immoral practices

(C)governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.(D)the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

(A)revealed a cunning personality.(B)centered on trivial issues.(C)was hardly convincing.(D)was part of a conspiracy.39.The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows

(A)generally distorted values.(B)unfair wealth distribution.(C)a marginalized lifestyle.(D)a rigid moral code.40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?

37.答案 B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking 段落推断题

40.答案是C

Part B

Directions:

How does your reading proceed? Clearly, you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar.(41)________________.You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is evolved.Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where?

social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.41 【C】

【E】

43【G】

44【B】

45【A】

Part C Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)

the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth-and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America.These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft.During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on meager rations.Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey.Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought interminable delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.Said one chronicler, “The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods.50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.Here was abundant fuel and lumber.Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.文章来源于An Outline of American History，《美国历史纲要》，是一本历史学方面的专著。

【参考译文】受到多种强大的动机驱动，这次移民在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，由于其本质，它也塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

【参考译文】美国产生于两个主要力量：思想习俗、民族特色各异的欧洲移民，以及改造这些特征的新国家所产生的影响。

【参考译文】在15-16世纪北美探索的一百多年之后，运往如今的美国这片新领土的第一船移民横渡了大西洋。

【参考译文】拥有丰富多样树种的原始森林是一个真正的宝库，它从缅因州一直延伸到乔治亚州。

Section III

Writing

Part A

Directions:

Li Ming

Write a letter to a friend of yours to

1)recommend one of your favorite movies and

2)give reasons for your recommendation.因此，考生不用惊慌只要把2011年的小作文稍作修改即可成文。这就启发我们2016可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

届的同学们要高度重视历年真题，因为考过的话题或是书信类型会反复考查。今年考题的Direction要求向读书俱乐部的成员推荐一本书。根据题目的要求，我们可以判断本文为公务信函，语域为正式语域，即不能出现缩写、省略问句和和口语表达。

下面我们来详细解读下今年的小作文，首先看一下题目要求：

Directions:

称呼： Dear friends注意称呼中，后面的逗号不可丢，也不能写成冒号。

正文

落款： Yours sincerely, 特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢；签名： Li Ming特别注意 Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。

Part B

Directions:

Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following picture.in your essay, you should

1.describe the pictures briefly，2.interpret its intended meaning, and

3.give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)

【范文】

compared with the actions.Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implication from the drawings.On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten parents to be more advisable in educating their children.On the other hand, parents should attach more emphasis on setting excellent models for their juveniles.Only in this way, can we effectively ensure a promising prospect for adolescents.面，我们要指出手机的弊端，给我们生活带来了很多负面影响。第三段评论段的写作内容为给出自己的评论和建议。可以指出年轻人应该重视面对面的交流！最后一句可以展望一下未来，说如果我们放下手机拿起筷子享受美食，和谐的关系就会出现了！

第四篇：2018考研英语二答案

2018英语二答案

1.【答案】A

【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。[A]解决[B]保护[C]讨论[D]忽视，根据动宾搭配关系，解决不确定性搭配合理。

2.【答案】C

【解析】本题考查动介词搭配。根据原文语境，需要选择一个动词和后面的“to”连用。[A]拒绝做...[B]等待做...[C]寻求，力求做...[D]后悔做...结合文意“人们要___ 满足他们的好奇心”来判断，正选为[C]寻求，力求做。3.【答案】D

【解析】根据原文语境，“painful, uncertainty”均为消极词汇。4.【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配考查。根据原文语境，考查短语____ sb to sth 意为“让某人承受某事”。因此，C选项为正选。5.【答案】 B 【解析】根据上文，第二段句首提到in a series of four experiments,说明是在“实验”的语境。结合四个选项，[A]信息[B]实验[C]复习[D]观念，只有B选项和段落语境相符合。因此为正选。6.【答案】 C

【解析】动宾搭配。结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会____电流。”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流，考查四个选项，[A]移除[B]削弱[C]传递[D]打扰 A选项更符合语境。7.【答案】 D

【解析】时间状语的考查。结合语境，“___被独自留在房间，学生会....”,因此，这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。正选为D.8.【答案】A

【解析】动词辨析。结合原文语境，由who 引导的定语从句修饰前面的学生，而在定语从句中，又出现由what引导的宾语从句。结合宾语从句的含义，“知道接下来会发生什么”更符合语境。9.【答案】B

【解析】结合语境，后面语境为并列关系，因此此题应填举例子。B为正选。10.【答案】D

【解析】Discover 与上文中的Curiosity 相对应。11.【答案】C

【解析】本词与后文的Basic drives 的详细说明。与shelter一样都属于人类的基本需求。.【答案】D

【解析】破折号的内容是对前文instinct 的解释。说明这种本能能够促进新的科学发展，属于因果关系。13.【答案】B

【解析】跟前文的drives 相对应。14.【答案】A 【解析】本题与前文的backfire相对应，都属于贬义词。15.【答案】A

【解析】从后文的试验中，参与者应该被鼓励参与，因此跟前文的坚持相对应。16.【答案】A

【解析】通过后文的after能看出这个事情并没有发生，因此填预测。17.【答案】B

【解析】动宾搭配。18.【答案】C

【解析】of 引导的后置定语。由一个人的好奇心所带来的结果。19.【答案】A

【解析】whether 引导宾语从句。20.【答案】D

【解析】关联对应，对应18题的outcome.【答案】C practical ability

【解析】这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢？学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。从作者使用问句的形式就可判断出作者并不接受这种观点，即学生只学会书本上的知识而不具备实际能力。再结合上一句话即本段第二句话，Mr Koziatek是New Hampshire高中的一名老师，在这所学校，学习不只是书本上的知识，或者是为了考试，也不是为了机械化的记忆，而是为了实际的技能。能看出，作者认为学生们缺少的是实际技能，所以答案是C practical ability.22.【答案】 B are not academically successful

【解析】这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词职业教育对孩子存在的偏见可定位至第四段最后一句，意思是“在很多职业化教育的学校中，有这样一种老套的思想，那就是，职业教育是针对那些在学术上不能成功的那些孩子的。”根据这句话可确定答案就是B are not academically successful。其他选项均不符合文意。

23．【答案】C used to have more job opportunities

【解析】这是一道细节推断题，根据题干第五段和high school graduates 回到原文定位致第五段第三句，说到美国经济曾经提供给高中毕业生的那种the job security已经在很大程度上evaporated也就是消失了，那说明过去的时候高中毕业生是有职业安全感的，故选C，其他选项都不在定位处，可以排除。24.【答案】D indicate the overvaluing of higher education 【解析】这是一道事实细节题，根据题干内容“the headlong push”找到出处是第六段开头But后，发现后面还有一个and...和其并列，所以主要关注对这两部分的评价，后面有明显的标点：冒号出现，冒号后说that is not the only thing the American economy needs.可以看出这句话对前面的否定，选项中只有D选项动词overvalue是负面词，而且提到主题词education。故选D。这道题最适合用感情色彩来排除与D相反的其他三个选项。25.【答案】A supportive 【解析】这是一道态度题，放在最末的态度题更倾向于到最后一段找答案。通过定位词Koziatek’s school 看到最后一段也确实提到了，说它是一个wake-up call。也就是在唤醒人们教育不应该是统一的形式，这样会overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts，也就是忽视人才的差异性。所以可以看出作者是支持的态度。

【答案】 C falling

【解析】这是一道词义句意题，要想知道plummeting 的意思，首先要回到原文找线索，即plummeting所在的句子以及上下句，由原文可知，plummeting所在句子是在说现在例如风能和太阳能这样的可再生资源的价格的问题，plummeting是修饰可再生资源的价格的，接着二段最后一句就在用具体数字来证明可再生资源的成本在下降，如太阳能成本下降了百分之八十，风能也降到三分之一，由此可知，可再生资源的成本在下降，plummeting的含义是下降的意思。所以选择C falling。

27.【答案】A is progressing notably

【解析】这是一道具体细节题，根据题干关键词定位至第三段第三句及第四句，意思是“在中国和欧洲等国家已经领先时，美国也在见证着巨大的改变。根据美国能源信息局报道，三月份，美国首次使用风能和太阳能产生了超过百分之十以上的能源。”这足以说明在美国，可再生能源的使用正在取得显著地进步。所以答案是A。

28.【答案】 A wind is a widely used energy source

【解析】这是一道细节推断题，根据题干关键词定位至第四段第三句，在爱荷华州，风力涡轮机点缀着这个州并提供了此州百分之三十六的电能，并且还吸引了像微软这样的科技巨头公司。因此可判断，在爱荷华州，风能是一种广泛使用的能源。所以答案是A。

29.【答案】 C its continuous supply is becoming a reality

【解析】这是一道是非细节题，根据题干给出的段落位置，5-6两段和主题词clean energy，回到原文的第5-6段，这两段都不长，第五段出现了But后讲到电池容量的提升a boost in the storage，与A选项不符，并不是因果关系，故排除；B选项说道广泛用在制造业也不符合原文第六段第一句；而D选项和原文第六段最后一句是语义相反的，故也排除；正确选项C是和这句话语义一致的，也是和全文主题一致的，故为正确答案。

30．【答案】C is not really encouraged by the US government

【解析】这是一道细节推断题，题干问“根据最后一段可以推断出来可再生能源怎么了”，回到原文最后一段第一句就表明尽管还有很长一段路要走，可再生能源发展的趋势在增强。后面也提到改变的节奏在加快，对slowing气候变化有meaningful effect，所以可以看出B选项accelerate...是不对的，D选项中提到的价格不具有竞争力不在本段当中，也应排除。剩下的两个选项都提到了美国，就应该重点看最后一句，最后一句提到华盛顿政府做或不做什么都may mean less and less...所以可以看出美国不应该是和其他国家更近，排除A，所以选C，美国不是真正支持可再生能源的。

31.【答案】［B］user information 【解析】细节题。根据题干信息定位到第一段第二句。该句提到两年前Facebook花了更多的钱获得了WhatsApp的信息服务。接着提到WhatsApp提供给Facebook的是关于其用户的朋友圈以及社会生活等具体精炼的信息。由此可知，B项为正确答案。

32.【答案】［C］pose a risk to Facebook users 【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词linking the phone number定位第二段第一句。该句提到Facebook向欧洲委员会承诺不会把用户的电话号与Facebook的身份认证连系到一起，但是协议通过之后Facebook立马失信。接下来提到“甚至都不清楚信息里面都有什么，也不知谁发的消息，发送的目的又是什么”。因此，可能会给用户造成风险。因此C项符合文意。

33.【答案】［D］cannot keep pace with the changing market

【解析】细节题。根据题干关键词competition law 定位到第三段第一句。该句指出“竞争法似乎成为解决这些不平等权力的唯一办法，但是此法案太过笨拙”。下一句提到“一方面，相比于数据经济变化的速度，此法案发展是非常缓慢的”。由此可知，该法案跟不上当前市场变化的步伐。因此D项为正确答案。34.【答案】［D］the services are paid for by advertisers.【解析】根据题目中的because 可确定为因果细节题。题干中的信息出现在第三段后半部分，是题目中的原词 competition law as presently interpreted，而原因在其后面的句子。下文写到，the users of their services are not，读到这里的not，一定要找而是谁。继续读下一句，That would be the people who buy advertising from them…，与选项对应，可得出［D］the services are paid for by advertisers。35.【答案】［D］the relationship between digital giants and their users.【解析】根据题目中is used to illustrate可判断为例证题，要找到the ants analogy论据所证明的论点；论点在论据之前，因此先找到论据the ants analogy，再找到论据前的论点句。所以本题定位到最后一段的第一句，The product …is data，and we…convert our lives to data…。此句中，data即digital giants，we 即 users。因此答案为［D］the relationship between digital giants and their users.36.【答案】［D］keep to your focus time

【解析】细节题。根据题干的mastering the art of deep work定位到第二段首句。该句指出“有很多种掌握深度工作的方法-不论是专注于指定工作时长时间的后退，或者养成惯例，还是当你一天有闲暇之余采用纪实的方式捕捉深度工作的瞬间”。接着提到“不论是那种方式，关键在于确定你的专注力时间长度并保持专注”。由此可知，D项为正确答案。

37.【答案】［B］detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected

【解析】例证题。根据题干时间信息1980s以及Harford定位到第四段与第五段。第四段首句指出另一种短时间做更多事情的方法是反思怎么才能优先处理好你的一天-特别是制作我们待办事项的方法。接着作者举例大学生们分成小组每天做各种详细复杂的任务。第五段首句用while画风一转，表示这种复杂的任务让学生们感到消极，并表示工作中难免会分散注意力，这将影响日常待办事项的效率。可知，作者用反面例子来论证观点，即复杂的计划可能没有像期望的那样有效果。故选B项。

38.【答案】［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work.【解析】根据题目Newport得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题。根据题干中的idleness可定位到倒数第三段，idleness is not，读到这里依然需要看下文，下面提到it is as…as…，is necessary to getting any work done。再对应选项，可直接选出［D］an essential factor in accomplishing any work。39.【答案】［A］can bring about greater efficiency.【解析】根据题目中的Pillay believes 可得出本题目为细节题中的文中人物观点题型。根据题目中的信息，可以定位到倒数第二段最后一句，明确指出they tend to be more efficient。然后对应选项得出［A］can bring about greater efficiency。40.【答案】［A］approaches to getting more done in less time.【解析】根据题目的mainly about可知为文章主旨题，首先可以通过题目的复现内容找与文章主旨有关的词汇，题目中反复出现了focus内容，可判断与人们的注意力有。其次，文章主旨一般在开篇第一段或第二段会出现，第一段引用Cal Newport的观点指出focus without distraction话题，第二段就提到了主题approaches to mastering thd art of deep work，此刻主题已明确，并且第四段有明显的证明another approach。所以本题选［A］approaches to getting more done in less time。

41.【答案】B

【解析】该小标题需要涵盖三段内容。第一段开始说到你想跟陌生人说话，但是“it just won’t come out”，提到说话说不出来，随后直接出现我的建议“My advice：just get it out“，即去说。所以选B：Just say it去说 42.【答案】F

【解析】该小标题下第一段第一句话就说了你时间有限“you have limited time”，然后说到如果陷到寒暄当中“hi，hello，how are you，what is going on”会让对话没法令人印象深刻。下一段“So”表明结论，去问更多个人问题“personal questions”，所以选F：Skip the small talk跳过寒暄 43.【答案】D

【解析】第一句话就说到了第一次交谈要找到共同点“have in common”，从这个共同点“that point”来开展对话“build the conversation”，所以选D：find the “me too”s找到共同点 44.【答案】G

【解析】第一段先举例，说你跟人讲心事时，别人分心干别的。然后下一段“So”表明结论，人家跟跟你沟通，你要全心投入“wholeheartedly”。所以选G：Pay a unique complement专注 45.【答案】E

【解析】第一句话就提到了忘记只见过一面的人的名字“name”。“So”后面又提到回忆地点“places”和好恶的事情“things”等细节，所以选E：Name，places，things

【真题译文】：

一个五年级的学生收到一份家庭作业：即从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。他勾划了“宇航员”，但很快由将“科学家”添加到列表中，并也将其选中。这个男孩相信，如果他读得足够多，他就可以探索尽可能多的他喜欢的职业道路。所以他读书广泛——从百科全书到科幻小说。他读得如此投入，以至于他的父母不得不制定一个：在餐桌上的“不读书政策”。

那个男孩就是比尔盖茨，他没有停止阅读，甚至在他成为这个星球上最成功的人士之一后，仍旧没有停下来。现在，他的阅读材料已经不再是科幻小说和工具书了：最近据他所说，他一年内至少读了50本非科幻小说。比尔盖茨选择非科幻小说类书籍，是因为这类书籍解释了世界是如何运作的。“每本书都开辟了新的知识探索渠道。”盖茨说。

英语二大作文参考范文

The pie chart above evidently illustrates various target elements in terms of consumers’ choosing restaurants in a certain city in 2017.To be specific.distinguishing feature took a lion’s share, accounting for approximately 36.3%.While service and surroundings made up around 26.8% and 24.2% respectively.However, the least proportions were price and other factors, occupying roughly 8% and 4.7%.What triggers this phenomenon? Maybe at least two reasons can be identified to contribute to this matter.But the most important is that along with the development of economy, people’s living standards have been improved remarkably, as a consequence of which, an increasing amount of individuals focus on superior service and favorable surroundings when they choose restaurants rather than price.Simultaneously, there is another essential factor that after resolving the issue of food and clothing, quite a few consumers’ food conception has transfromed dramatically, to the extent that they increasingly pursue spiritual consumption, which should be also taken into account.Based on what has been discussed above: a conclusion can be drawn safely that more up-scale food services will be prevailing in modern food market.And it is predictable that those restuarants with favorable service: distinctive features and excelent circumstances will be beloved by more customers in some years ahead.However, it is advisable for the public to consume rationally, avoiding extravagance and waste.

第五篇：2013年在职考研GCT英语模拟试题及答案解析

2013年在职考研GCT英语模拟试题及答案解析

在GCT英语复习中，通过有效的模拟试题的练习可掌握更多的词汇量和解题技巧，大大提高GCT英语水平，以下是环球卓越精心整理的2013年GCT英语模拟试题及答案解析，相信一定是GCT考生的必用的备考资料。

1.As the ________ of working too hard, the man became ill.A.end

B.reason

C.cause

D.result

2.As die clouds drifted away, an even higher peak became ________ to tile climbers.A.obvious

B.visible

C.present

D.apparent

3.As the plane was getting ready to take off, we all _________our seat belt.A.fled

B.locked

C.fastened

D.closed

4.As we are on the point of _________ some important business with them, we should like to know exactly about their credit standing.A.transmitting

B.transferring

C.transacting

D.transporting

5.As your teacher advised, you should spend your time on something ________researching into.A.precious

B.worth

C.worthy

D.Valuable

答案解析

1.[答案] D

[翻译] 由于工作过度，他病了。

[分析] as a/the result of 是一个固定短语，意思是“由于，因为”。例如：He was late s the result of the snow.他因下雪迟到了。

2.[答案] B

[翻译] 当云朵消散以后，爬山者可以看到更加高的山峰。

[分析] visible的意思是“看得见，可见的”;obvious的意思是“显然的，明显的”;present的意思是“现在的，出席的”;apparent的意思是“明显的，显而易见的”。

3.[答案] C

[翻译] 飞机准备起飞时候，我们都把安全带系好了。

[分析] fasten的意思是“系住，扎牢，使某物结合在一起”;tie指用绳子打扣“系”起来，没有“使牢固”的含义;lock的意思是“上锁”，在这里不符合题意。Close的意思是“关闭，合上”。

4.[答案] C

[翻译] 因我方正与该公司磋商一些重要的交易，所以想确切了解它的资信情况。

[分析] transacting的意思是“交易”;transmit的意思是“传播，传送”;transfer的意思是“转让”;transport的意思是“运输”。

5.[答案] B

[翻译] 正如你的老师那样，你应该把时间花在钻研一些值得研究的事情上。

[分析] worth和 worthy 都可能当“值得的”讲，worth的后面接名词或动名词，worthy的后面接动词不定式或者与of 搭配使用，空白处后面的researching是一个动名词，根据这一点我们可以看出B应该是正确的答案。Worth一般作表语，在本句中作不定代词的后置定语。Precious的意思是“珍贵的”;valuable的意思是“有价值的”，这两项都与题意不符。

资料来源：环球卓越

2014年考研英语模拟测试(二)答案解析

第一篇：2014年考研英语模拟测试(二)答案解析

第二篇：2018考研英语二模拟试题1及答案[范文模版]

第三篇：2018考研英语二模拟试题及答案1

第四篇：2018考研英语二答案

第五篇：2013年在职考研GCT英语模拟试题及答案解析

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