第一篇：新东方老师谈BEC听力复习的误区
新东方老师谈BEC听力复习的误区
BEC即剑桥商务英语证书考试，是剑桥大学考试委员会（UCLES）设立的。很多人误认为BEC考试针对是那些学与商务有关的专业人员的，其实不然。因为无论你学的专业是什么，都要在某个特定的商务环境中运用，BEC考查的正是这种普遍存在的商务环境中应具备的通识与能力。剑桥大学考试委员会设立BEC考试的目的是在全球范围内建立一个测试商界雇员英语水平的统一标准，使BEC证书被跨国公司和非英语国家的大公司用作商务英语测试标准，以评估在真实商务环境下雇员的英语水平，使人力资源部门能准确评估雇员商务英语的运用技能。因此，与我国的四、六级考试相比较，BEC考试更侧重对英语实际运用能力的考查。换句话说，BEC中的考查内容都是可以马上拿到实际工作中去的，不会出现所谓高分低能现象。
BEC2（VANTAGE）考试设计在指导思想上把听力放到了相当重要的位置。从BEC2各部分所占比例来看，阅读部分答题数为45，听力部分答题数为30，两者相比3：2，这在各类英语水平考试中所占比例而言其比重之大是少有的。另外，BEC2听力部分题型设计的指导思想为考查考生理解在不同场合中，特别是各种环境中使用的英语口语的能力，尤其是提取其中重要住处和了解、归纳所听内容大意的能力。这些都是实际商务活动中所必需的技能。
能否在BEC2考试听力部分取得较高的分数，取决于三个方面：（1）是否具有良好的英语听力；（2）对商务及相关行业的基本知识及词汇是否熟悉；（3）对BEC2考试听力部分的题型及其特点是否了解。良好的英语听力是最基本的，很多人在训练听力时不得法，只是一味地反复听，提高很慢。殊不知影响听力的因素很多，比如说音变现象。多数学习者朗读英语的习惯是把每个字发得过于清晰，而听力材料中的NATIVE SPEAKER则有很多连读，失音以及缩读等现象，由于发音习惯不同，因此不适应，即使听几遍也不知所云。所以要想从实质上提高听力，应该首先改善自己的朗读和发音习惯。
听力中还有一个误区，那就是听者试图一个字一个字去听，其结果往往是什么都没听着。其实正确有效的方式应该是听语调，也就是每个句子中的重读词，因为被读得重的词往往是说话者要传达给听者的重点信息。这样不但可以迅速地抓住所听内容的大意，并且能节省大量的精力和时间。这一技巧对BEC2听力的第二部分尤为重要。BEC2考试的内容适用于中层商务人员的工作范围。中层商务人员需要有很强的对大量信息做出快速识别、反应的能力。在与各色人等打交道的时候，能否从他们的三言两语中迅速判断他们的职业或他们所在公司的业务，从而提高工作的效率和质量。
对商务及相关行业的基本知识及词汇是否熟悉也是在BEC听力考试中取得高分的重要因素。与普通英语有所不同，商务场合中的用语一般都有比较正式，单词的含意也与普通生活词汇不同，如ORDER一词，在日常生活中表示“命令”，而在商务中则表示“订货”；又如日常生活中的“吃住”一词在商务中有一个专用词“ACCOMMODATION”，而不是“LIVING AND EATING”。如果对这些专用词汇不熟悉，会大大影响听力考试中的反应力，这也正是为什么很多过了四、六级的同学面对实际工作的英语束手无策的原因之一。通过准备BEC考试，可以系统地学习一些基本商务词汇，了解常规的商务背景知识，从而为顺利地走上工作岗位扫清障碍。
应对任何考试都必须熟悉其题型。BEC听力考试有它不同于其他考试的地方，尤其是上面提到的第二部分。针对每个部分都有一些专门的小技巧，由于篇幅的限制，这里无法一一叙述。
总之，BEC是一项侧重能力并且实用性较强的考试，它能真正实现英语的学以致用。因此，建议那些已通过四级并且希望毕业后在外企或合资企业就业的同学尝试一下。
第二篇：BEC词汇表(上海新东方老师精心总结)
Glossary adj=adjective;adv=adverb;n=noun;v=verb;inf=informal;pl=plural;abbr=abbreviation A A share(n.)an ordinary share that does not give the owner the right to vote on company issues A股 [例]
Our company will issue A shares on market.abroad [ ](adv.)to/in another country国外的 [例]
The sales director is abroad on business trip.[同义词]
overseas, in foreign parts, out of the country
absence [ ](n.)time/period away from work缺席
[例]
The absence of the chief director of the meeting is somewhat a pity.[同义词] nonattendance, nonappearance absent [](adj.)not present, not at work缺席的
[例]
Please let your section head know if you are likely to be absent for a longer period.[同义词] away, off, missing
absenteeism [](n.)regular absence from work旷工 [例]
If motivation decreases, absenteeism is likely to increase.absorb [ ](v.)integrate a smaller item into a larger whole兼并、担负（费用）[例]
Head Office has absorbed the losses of our French subsidiary.absorption costing a way of pricing goods by allowing for all costs relating to production in the sale price 归纳成本法
[例]
Our company mainly use absorption costing to set the sale price of products.abstract [ ](n.)short version of a longer document摘要 [例]
Please brief your staff the abstract of the prevailing government regulations.[同义词]
summary, synopsis, digest
accepting house =(US)accepting bank an organization, often a merchant bank, that promise to pay a bill of exchange in return for a fee 承兑银行
access [ ] 1.(n.)entry to something通道 [例]
We have access to classified information.[同义词]
entrance, passage 2.(v.)gain entry into computer data files获取计算机数据（文件）[例]
They shouldn‟t have been able to access this file.[同义词]
output
account [ ](n.)record of financial transactions帐户
[例]
In our bank, if no transaction takes place in 2 years, your personal account will become unclaimed.account executive(n.)an advertising executive who looks after a particular client（广告或服务业）业务经理 [例]
Jack is the account executive of this advertising company.accounts payable a list of amounts owned to a business to suppliers of goods and services 应付帐款 [例]
add an entry to accounts payable
accountancy [ ](n.)work of an accountant会计工作
[例]
At the end of a year, the accountancy of a big company is always very burdensome.accountant [ ](n.)person qualified to keep a company‟s accounts会计师（员）[例]
To be a good and competent accountant, accounting principles should be strictly followed.accounts [ ](n.pl)financial records of a business帐目 [例]
The bank would like to see the accounts.accruals [](n.pl)money owed which is due at a later date 增长额，利息 [例]
The accruals you owe him will be due next week.achieve [ ](v.)succeed in doing something完成 [例]
The two parties achieved final agreements in mutual benefits.[同义词]
accomplish, complete, finish
achievement [ ](n.)the successful completion of something，something successfully completed 完成、成就
[同义词]
accomplishment, completion, perfection
acknowledge [ ](v.)confirm that something has arrived确认收悉 [例]
We acknowledge receipt of the shipment.[同义词]
admit, accept
acknowledgement [ ](n.)confirmation that something has arrived收条 [例]
After you have received the mail, please return your acknowledgement by fax.[同义词]
acceptance acquire [ ](v.)buy, obtain购得、占有 [例]
We acquired a company, shares, etc.[同义词]
obtain, get, procure acquisition [ ] the act of acquiring 收购
[例]
The good news from TCL: the acquisition of Schneider![同义词]
merger, takeover
acting [ ](adj.)working in the position of someone for a short time代理的 [例]
an acting manager
active money(n.)money that is being used by the public as opposed to money left in bank accounts.流通货币（相对于银行帐户中的货币）
[例]
The inflation increases active money.activity [ ](n.)type of business业务 [例]
Our main activity is export /import trade.[同义词]
business
act of God(n.)an unexpected or unavoidable event such as a storm , a flood , and earthquake ,etc mentioned in some insurance contracts as a cause of loss or damage 不可抗力
[例]
We will include the term of act of God in this insurance policy to against some uncertain factors.[同义词]
force majeure
actual [ ](adj.)real实际的 [例]
Our actual results were better than forecast.actual loss(n.)the real cost of something as opposed to a sum of money stated on paper实际损失（相对于帐面损失）
[例]
In the recession, for the latest fiscal year, our actual loss is much greater than the paper loss.[相关词汇] paper loss
actuals(n.)goods that can be purchased and used , as opposed to goods traded on a futures contract that are represented by documents实货（相对于期货）
[例] The merchant is especially interested in the trading of futures , not actuals.[同义词] physicals
adapt(to)[ ](v.)to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation.使适应 [例]
the ability to adapt quickly to a new situation [同义词]
adjust addendum [](n.)an extra section that is attached to ,or follows , a letter , report,ect 附录，附件
[例]
write an addendum to a report [同义词]
appendix
address [ ](v.)1.deal with 处理 [例]
address public concerns
2.give speech to 演说
[例]
address audience on a business project
adjourn [ ](v)to stop(a court case, a meeting , etc.)for a time before beginning again 延期，休会
[例]
The board meeting has been adjourned to an uncertain date.[同义词]
postpone
adjust [ ](v)to settle an insurance claim 理算保险索赔
[例]
After the car accident, he made an insurance claim that will be adjusted soon.administration [ ](n.)organization and control of a company经营、管理 [例]
The administration power of a company also shows the internal control of the company.[同义词]
management
admin(n.)abbreviation for administration 经营、管理
administer [ ](v.)organize, control: 管理 [同义词]
manage
adopt [ ](v.)choose, decide on采用 [例]
We adopted a new strategy.advance [ ](n.)money paid before it is due, or for work only partially completed 预付款 [例]
Yesterday I received an advance on my monthly wage.(v)1.to increase 提高
[例]
On bull market , shares are advancing rapidly.[同义词]
increase
2.to pay something before it is due 预付
[例]
The publishing house advanced me on royalties.advance bill(n.)a bill of exchange that has been written before the goods have been sent off 预付（开）票据 [例]
Dear customer, we will send you the advance bill for that batch by air express mail today.adverse balance(n.)an amount of debt shown on an account赤字
[例]
With the rapid growth of our turnover, our adverse balance will be eliminated very soon.[同义词]
deficit
advertise [](v.)announce something is for sale做广告 [例]
The soap is advertised on TV for its special flavor.[同义词]
announce
ad(n, inf)short for advertisement
ad valorem(adj.)of tax that is calculated as a percentage of the value of the goods从价征税 [例]
VAT is a kind of valorem tax.advertisement [ ](n.)notice/announcement that something is for sale广告 [例]
If you want your house sold, you should have put your advertisement in a more popular newspaper.advertiser [ ](n.)person/company which advertises广告商 [例]
Advertisers use various ways and media to promote their products.advertising [](n.)the business of designing ads广告业 [例]
She‟s in advertising.advice [ ](n.)recommendation(s)about what you should do建议、通知（书）[例]
His advice was to close the factory.[同义词]
counsel, recommendation, opinion
advice note(n.)a note to the receiver of goods from the sender that gives details of the quantity and description of goods and when and how they will be transported 通知单
[例]
Before you deliver the goods, please fax us an advice note for our confirmation.advise [ ](v.)recommend what should be done建议、通知 [同义词] counsel, recommend, suggest
after-sales service(n.)service offered by a supplier to a customer to maintain or repair the product supplied售后服务
[例] Nowadays many enterprises began to compete in the field of after-sales service.affiliate [ ](n.)a person or an organization that is attached to a larger organization 成员，联号
[例]
That company is an affiliate of a prestigious holding group.[同义词] member(v.)to attach(a person or an organization)to a larger organization 附属于 [例]
The business is affiliated to TCL Group.afmd(abbr.)aforementioned 上述的
[例]
You can refer to afmd post address for the dispatch.aftermarket [`](n.)a situation where a newly issued security is traded before its real price has been established in the stock market.二级市场 [例]
Buy shares on a healthy aftermarket.after sight(adv)written on a bill of exchange to show that the bill should be paid within a specified time after the payer is presented within it见票后付款
[例]
The bill should be paid at 60 days after sight.against all risks(adv.)(of a marine insurance policy)providing insurance for all types of loss or damage全保险.[例]
We insuranced the cargo against all risks.agenda [](n.)order of topics to be discussed at a meeting会议议程 [例]
The first topic on the agenda is salaries.agent [ ](n.)person who represents a company代理（商）
[例]
Our company‟s agent in Middle East has developed a widespread and mature business there.[同义词]
representative, deputy
agiotage [ ](n.)the business of buying and then later selling foreign currencies 套汇 [例]
That guy makes a big fortune by agiotage.[同义词]
arbitrage
airline [ ](n.)a business providing a system of scheduled air transport航空公司
[例]
United Airlines
air time(n.)time given to advertise on TV or radio电视(收音)广告节目时间 [例] The air time of this new product will be prolonged for 10 seconds.allocate [ ](v.)give money or other resources in certain proportions分配 [例]
In the budget we allocated most of the money to marketing.[同义词]
assign, designate, allot
allotment [ ](n.)the distribution of new company shares to the people who have applied for them配股
[例]
Allotment has been made by random draw because of oversubscription.allowance [](n.)something, such as money, given at regular intervals or for a specific purpose津贴
[例]
An expenses allowance is paid monthly to each trainee.amalgamation [ ](n.)a type of reorganization where two or more companies are combined into one company合并
[例]
The amalgamation of the three companies strengthened the corporation.[同义词]
combination, merger
ambition [](n.)strong desire to succeed in life or in a job雄心 [例]
My sister has an ambition and desires to get MBA.[同义词]
aspiration, desire, yearning
amenity [ ](n.)a feature that increases attractiveness or value, especially of a piece of real estate or a geographic location 生活福利设施
[例]
a sunny apartment with amenities including air conditioning [同义词]
facility, convenience
amortize [](v.)to pay off a debt by saving money on a regular basis分期清偿
[例]
The repayment of the bond is amortized in 5 years.analyse [ ](v.)study in detail分析 [例]
We analysed the accounts.analysis [ ](n.)detailed study, investigation分析 [例]
The analysis report shows clear logics and integrity.analyst [ ](n.)person who analyses分析家
[例]
His intelligence and diligence made him an excellent and acute marketing analyst.annual [ ](adj.)yearly的 [例]
the annual accounts [同义词]
yearly
annual general meeting(n.)(AGM)a meeting of all the shareholders in a company股东大会
annul [ ](v.)to cancel something or stop it from being legally effective 废除,取消 [例]
The contract was annulled.[同义词]
nullify
annulment [](n.)the act of canceling something or stopping it from being legally effective 废除，取消
[例]
The disagreement of two parts resulted in the annulment of the contract signed at the very beginning of their cooperation.antedate [ ](v.)to put an earlier date(on a document, letter, cheque, etc)than the date at the time of writing 倒填日期
[例]
To make this cheque legal, you should antedate it by 7days.[同义词]
backdate
anti-dumping(adj.)of ways in which a country protects its economy by preventing other countries from dumping in it.反倾销 [例] anti-dumping laws
apology [ ](n.)an acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense.致歉
[例]
a letter of apology
appeal [ ] 1.(n.)being attractive吸引力 [例]
This product has appeal for young people.[同义词]
attraction, charm 2.(v.)be attractive to吸引人的 [同义词]
attract, allure
appendix [ ](n.)a collection of supplementary material, usually at the end of a book附录 [例]
to use an appendix for any information [同义词]
addendum
apply [](v.)ask for something(in writing)（书面的）申请 [同义词]
We applied for a loan.applicant [ ](n.)person who applies申请人
[例]
The applicant shows outstanding advantages among the candidates pool.application [ ](n.)act of applying申请
application form(n.)pre-printed form to make a request for a job申请表 [例]
Please fill in this application form at first.appoint [ ](v.)choose someone for a job任命 [例]
We have decided to appoint a new sales manager.[同义词]
assign, designate
appointee [](n.)person chosen for a position or job被任命者 [例]
He is lucky to be the appointee of this project.appointment [ ](n.)1.choice of someone for a new job任命 [例]
The appointment of area financial controller implies he has been promoted.2.arrangement for a meeting约定（会议）[例]
We fixed an appointment at four o‟clock.appraisal [](n.)calculation of the value of somebody or something 估价 [例]
Their appraisal of the necklace is about RMB 1,000.[同义词]
evaluation, valuation, assessment
appraise [ ](v.)to judge the value of somebody or something估价 [例]
They appraised it was only worth $1.[同义词]
evaluate, assess
appraiser [ ](n.)person who judges鉴定者，估价官 [例]
Who will be the appraiser?
appreciate [ ](v.)1.be thankful for感激 [例]
I appreciated your help.2.understand理解
[例]
I appreciate your problems.3.increase in value增值
[例]
My shares have appreciated by 10%.apprentice [ ](n.)young person who is learning a skill学徒 [例]
Don‟t listen to him.Jack is only an apprentice.[同义词]
learner, beginner
apprenticeship[ ](n.)period of time spent learning a skill学徒年限，学徒身份 [例]
Jack served an apprenticeship with a carpenter.appropriate [ ](v.)to put an amount of money aside for a special purpose拨出（款项）[例]
They appropriated $10,000 for bribery.approve [ ](v.)agree to pass officially批准 [例]
They Board approved the new plan.[同义词]
accept
approval [ ](n.)agreement批准
aptitude [ ](n.)natural ability(to do a task)天资 [例] She had a high aptitude for business.arbitrage [ ](n.)the purchase of securities on one market for immediate resale on another market in order to profit from a price discrepancy套利 [例]
He made big fortune by arbitrage.arbitration [ ](n.)process of settling a dispute仲裁 [例] We shall have to resort to arbitration.[同义词] judgement, adjudication
area [ ](n.)region区域 [例]
His sales area is the North East.[同义词]
district, region, territory
arrears [](n.)money which is owed and has not been paid on time到期未付帐 [例]
The payment in arrears amounts to$100.[同义词]
arrearage, debt, liabilities
arrival notice(n.)a note sent by a carrier to the receiver(consignee)saying that goods have arrived 到货通知[例]
After your receipt of the arrival notice from the carrier---COSCO, please arrange the picking-up of the goods at the dock.artifical person(n.)a company considered as having a separate legal identity from the people who work for it, although some of these people will represent the will of the company 法人 [例]
The company is regarded legally as an artifical person.[同义词]
fictitious person, juristic person
as per(adv)according to根据
[例]
As per your request that is made in your last mail, we are writing to confirm our point concerning the price.asap as soon as possible 及早
[例]
After the cargo reaches your dock,please inform us by fax or email asap.assemble [ ](v.)1.put(a product)together from component parts装配
[例]
After the internal innovation, the efficiency of workers‟ assembling machines has greatly improved.2.to bring or call together into a group or whole集合
[例]
Ask your colleagues to assemble in the meeting room at 10:15.assembly-line(n.)layout of workers and machines where the work passes from one worker to the next, usually on a moving belt, until it is finished装配线
[例]
All the workers should take care of the assembly line.assembly [ ](n.)putting(a product)together装配 [例]
We have automated assembly line.assembly point(n.)a place where people should gather in an emergency.集合地点
assented stock(n.)an item of financial value, eg an ordinary share, that belongs to someone who has agreed to the conditions of a takeover bid 同意股票
assess [ ](v.)estimate the value of估价 [例]
The property was assessed at ￡20,000.[同义词] value, evaluate assessment [ ](n.)calculation of value估价 [例]
a tax assessment [同义词] evaluation, appraisal
asset [ ](n.)something of value which is owned by a company资产 [例]
Their company‟s major asset is its property.[同义词] property
asset backing(n.)the total value of the assets of a company divided by the number of ordinary shares issues.资产保证
[例]
We must ensure a solid asset backing for our company.associate company(n.)a company of which more than 20%, but less than 51% of the share capital is held by another company.联营公司
[例]
This firm is an associate company , not a holding company.current assets(n.)assets in daily use by a business 流动资产
fixed assets(n.)property and machinery固定资产 [例]
Plants and machines are fixed assets.frozen assets(n.)assets which cannot be sold, usually because there is a dispute冻结资产
intangible assets(n.)assets which cannot be seen(such as goodwill, patents etc.)无形资产
liquid assets(n.)cash or bills which can be easily converted into cash流动资产 [例]
The amount of liquid assets is important to a company.tangible assets(n.)assets which can be seen(such as property, machinery etc.)有形资产
at par(adj/ adv)of a share or other security that has the same value on the market as the value written on the share itself平价（市值等于票面值）[例]
She bought the shares at par.ATM(n.)automatic teller machine 自动取款机
[例]
You can draw cash from any ATM at any time in Shanghai by using this Visa Card.[同义词] cashpoint
attempt [ ] 1.(n.)trial, effort努力、尝试 [例]
We have made an attempt to enter a new market.2.(v.)try
attn(abbr)for the attentin of交由某人亲启 [例]
He wrote ATTN Mr.Johnson.on the envelop.auction(n.)the way of selling in which each item is sold at an open meeting to the person who makes the highest bid拍卖
[例]
He sold his villa in the auction at 200,000 dollars.auction [ ](v.)to sell something to the person who makes the highest offer;sell something by auction拍卖
[例]
His house was auctioned last week.audio-conference(n.)a meeting with people who cannot all be together at the same time, using audio(telephone)equipment 电话会议
[例]
The scheduled meeting has been cancelled for SARS, and we are planning to hold an audio-conference next week.audit [ ](n.)examination of the accounts of a company审计 [例]
We require an audit confirmation from your account opening bank.auditing [ ](n.)official process of checking the accounts of a company to see if they represent a true picture审计
[例]
The bank is under its annual internal auditing.auditor [](n.)person who audits审计员
authenticate [ ](v.)proof that something is real or true 认证
[例]
You should ask a skilled attorney to authenticate the signature at the bottom of this document in case that it is a forged one.[同义词]
certify
average [ ] 1.(n.)the number which is calculated by adding several figures together and then divided by the number of figures均数
[例]
The sales average has been around 250 units.[同义词] mean 2.(adj.)middle平均的 [例]
the average price
averaging [ ](n.)trading shares from the same company at different prices at the same time 股票平均买卖法
[例]
Average can maintain the price of a security.awareness [ ](n.)being conscious of something知道 [例]
He has no awareness about the transaction.axe 1.(v)remove or dismiss somebody 解雇
[例]
Several thousand of jobs will be axed next month due to the great depression.[同义词]
dismiss ,sack, lay off ,fire 2.(n)removal or dismissal 解雇
[例]
I will under the axe if I can‟t reach the sales goal this year.B back [ ] 1.(n.)opposite of front背面 [例]
Please sign the cheque on the back.[同义词] rear, reverse 2.(adj.)from the past过去的、拖欠的[例]
We have a lot of back orders.3.(v.)support资助
[例]
The bank backed my new venture.[同义词] support, encourage
backdate [](v.)to put a date on a document that is earlier than the real date, so that it is valid from that earlier date 倒填日期
[例]
He backdated the bill so that it can be valid.[同义词]
antedate
back order(n.)an order for goods that have not yet been produced or supplied积压定单
[例]
After a long vacation, I found myself in a huge stack of back orders.[同义词] backlog
back out(v)to give up or not do something after agreeing to do it不履行 [例]
You will be charged for sure if you back out of the contract.[同义词]
default
backer [](n.)person who supports financially资助者 [例]
The company has some big backers.[同义词] patron, sponsor, benefactor
backing [ ](n.)support, usually financial one资助
[例]
Strong governmental baking makes the project very profitable.backhander [](n.inf.)a bribe, money given under the table贿赂 [例]
The chief director was arrested for his involvement in some backhander affairs.[同义词] bribe
backlog [](n.)build-up of work or orders which have not been processed积压的工作（或订单）[例]
The failure of the project was due to backlog of superior orders.back up support 支持
[例]
You should back up all claims you make.back-up(back up)(n,v)to make a cope in case the original one is lost or damaged 备份
[例]
I made a back-up of that document in case of some unforeseen damage to it.bad debt(n.)debt which will not be paid呆帐
[例]
The obvious decrease of bad debt avoided the bankruptcy of the big nation owned enterprise.bad faith(n.)having a dishonest intention 欺诈
[例]
Bad faith will bring disasters to a cooperation in the long run.[反义词]
integrity，good-will
balance [](n.)amount which makes the total credits and debits equal收支平衡（差额）、结余 [例]
Additional balance statement will charge 10 USD.[同义词] equilibrium, equipoise, evenness
balance of payments(n.)international financial position of a country(account of imports, exports and invisible earnings)贸易收支差额
balance sheet(n.)statement of the financial position of a company or business at a certain moment资产平衡表
ban(v)to forbid something;to forbid someone to do something 禁止
[例]
Public advertisement on tobacco is banned in China, but some crafty tobacco companies are successful in circumventing this ban.[同义词] forbid
bank(v)to deposit something in a bank 存入
[例]
You have to bank a certain amount of money in order to avoid being overdrawn.[同义词]
deposit
BA(bank acceptance)a bill of exchange that is accepted by a bank for a fee.银行承兑汇票
[例]
We will issue a bank acceptance for the payment.bank book(n.)a book that lists all payments into and withdrawals from a customer‟s bank account 存折 [例]
You can insert your bank book into this machine which will automatically update it.bank holiday(n.)a day, not a Saturday or Sunday, when banks are closed and which is also a general holiday(英国)银行假日
[例]
You have to wait till the day after tomorrow for your opening account in the Bank of London because
tomorrow is a bank holiday.bank statement(n.)written statement showing transactions and balance of an account银行结单
bankrupt [ ]1.(adj.)unable to pay debts破产的 [例]
He was declared bankrupt.[同义词] insolvent 2.(v.)force someone to become bankrupt使破产
[例]
The high interest rates have bankrupted my business.bankruptcy [ ](n.)state of being bankrupt破产 [同义词] insolvency
bar code(n.)a series of lines printed on a product that can be read by a machine connected to a computer system to give a price or reference number 条形码
[例]
The invent of bar code has greatly speeded up the economy of supermarkets
bargain [ ]1.(v.)discuss in order to reach agreement on price conditions讨价还价 [同义词] haggle, negotiate
2.(n.)item at a good(cheap)price物美价廉的商品
[例]
The cardigan is real a bargain for I just pay half of its previous price.bargaining [ ](n.)discussing in order to reach agreement 讨价还价 [例]
The buyer and seller finally agreed to the price level after 2 hours‟ bargaining.barrister [ ](n.)a person who is qualified to speak in a higher court of law大律师
[例]
He is a top barrister specializing in financing law.[同义词]
lawyer ,solicitor, bar, counsel
b/e(abbr)bill of exchange 汇票
basic [ ](adj.)minimum that can be expected;what everything else depends on基本的 [例]
Older workers will, of course, still be interested in basic pay.[同义词] fundamental, essential, elementary，batch [ ](n.)group of items made at same time一批 [例]
This batch of goods will be delivered by UPS.batch process(n.)production process based on converting a quantity of items at the same time批处理
batch size(n.)number of items in a batch批量bear market(n.)period when share prices are falling熊市 [例]
Unfortunately, you confronted bear market.beat [ bi:t ](v.)win over(someone)in a fight胜过
[例]
We have beaten our competitors to be the first on the market.[同义词] defeat, hit
behave[ ](v.)act举止
[例] You should behave yourself when attending such important banquet.below-the-line(adj.)below-the-line advertising;advertising which is not paid for页底的（广告）
[例]
Below-the-line activities refers to sales promotion or marketing research which a marketing department buys directly.benchmarking(n.)to measure(a rival's product)according to specified standards in order to compare it with and improve one's own product比较和改进自己的产品
[例] Benchmarking has become one of the fashionable words in current management discussion.benefit [ ] 1.(n.)advantage;profit 好处,利益 [例]
It will be our mutual benefit to come to an agreement.2.(n.)money provided as a right under a state or private insurance scheme, e.g.disability benefit.津贴,救济金 3.(v.)to profit, gain advantage from有益于,受益于
disability benefit(n.)payment made to a person unable to work because of permanent or long-term physical handicap残疾抚恤金
sickness benefit(n.)payments made while a person is on sick leave病假补助
fringe benefits(n.)extra benefits such as a car, private health insurance provided by a company附加福利
[例]
Fringe benefits should be firmly incorporated within the payment policy and administered by the personnel department.bid [ bid ](n & v)offer to buy something at a certain price出价、投标 [例]
Those potential buyers of the company bid against each other.takeover bid(n.)出价收购
bidder [ ](n.)person who makes an offer投标人 [例]
The company will go to the highest bidder.bill [ ] 1.(n.)written list of money to be paid帐单 [例]
This bill does not include VAT.2.(v.)send a bill to someone开帐单
bill of entry(n.)a detailed list of goods prepared by the exporter or importer for examination by customs 报关单
[例]
I will prepare a bill of entry , together with other required documents for the declaration of this batch of imported goods.bill of lading(B/L)(n.)a document that shows details of goods being transported.It is a receipt from the transporter to the sender and entitles the receiver to collect the goods on arrival.提单
billboard [ ](n.)large roadside advertising poster（户外）广告牌 [例]
The billboard of KFC is obvious everywhere.billing [ ](n.)1.process of invoicing 开帐单
2.advertising;promotion 广告，促销
[例]
The product needed better billing to outsell its competitors.bill of materials(n.)list of all raw materials and parts that go into an end product材料清单
billion [](n.)US:one thousand million（美）十亿;GB: one million million（英）万亿
black [ ](adj.)not allowed by law黑市的，非法交易的
black market(n.)a situation of illegal trading in goods, currencies or services黑市
[例]
He bought some pirate CDs on the black market.in the black in credit（银行存款）有赢余
black list list of goods, companies, people who are prohibited from trading黑名单 [例]
The customer is in the system black list so we can not provide trading service for him.blue chips(n.)shares with the highest status as investments, usually shares of well-established companies蓝筹股，热门的股票
[例]
Wise investors will show great interest in blue chips.blue-collar(adj.)relating to manual work体力劳动者
[例]
Your local newspaper is usually the best source of blue-collar jobs.board meeting(n)a gathering of the directors of a company to discuss important company business董事会
[例] He will chair the board meeting tomorrow on the takeover issues.board of directors(n.)group of people chosen by the shareholders to develop company policy董事会议
[例] This proposal has been approved by the board of directors.bond [ ](n.)contract document promising to repay money borrowed by a company or government债券
[例]
Most bonds are unsecured and do not grant shares in an organization.bonded goods(n)imported items on which customs duties must be paid before they can be collected by the imported or exported again保税货物
[例] We need permission to release these bonded goods to the importer.bonded house(n)a building where bonded goods are kept until the customs duty has been paid and they can be collected by the importer or exported again 保税仓库 [例] The cargo is still in the bonded house.bonus [ ](n.)additional payment奖金，红利
[例]
Our department manager has been given an annual bonus for his good performance.[同义词] dividend
book [ buk ](v.)to arrange for(tickets or lodgings, for example)in advance;reserve 预订
[例]
The secretary has booked the manager in at the Hilton Hotel.books(n.pl)the financial records of a company公司帐目 [例]
The books of the company clearly reveals its bad debt.book value(n.)value of assets as recorded in the company‟s books帐面价值
[例]
Except at the time of purchase of the asset, the book value of the asset is seldom the same as its market value.bookkeeper [ ](n.)person who keeps the financial records of a company会计员
boom [ bu:m ](n.)time when business activity is increasing繁荣 [例]
We must take advantage of the economic boom.[同义词] prosper, thrive, flourish boost(v)to increase the strength or value of something, to help and encourage something 推动 [例]
Lower interest rates will greatly boost the economy.bottleneck [ ](n.)a restriction in the normal work flow瓶颈，障碍 [例]
We‟ve got a bottleneck in our supply operations.bottom []1.(adj.)lowest最底处的[例]
rock-bottom price 2.(v.)bottom out, reach the lowest point 跌至底点
bounce [ bauns ](v.)refuse to pay a cheque and return it to the bearer because there is not enough money in the payer‟s account支票被银行退票
[例]
Two of my cheques were bounced last week.brainstorm [ ](n.and v.)an approach to problem-solving in which a group of people meet to provide wide-ranging ideas on an issue集体讨论
[例] The members of the board gave a brainstorm during the meeting held yesterday.branch [ ]1.(n.)local office of a large business分公司 [例]
We have branches throughout the country.2.(v.)To enlarge the scope of one's interests, business, or activities扩展 [例]
The partners are looking into branching out into Europe.brand [ ](n.)product which can be recognized by a name品牌
[例]
The brand establishment needs a very long time and will bring long-term benefits.branding(n.)the process of giving brand names to products品牌命名 [例]
How is the branding of that new product going on?
brand leader brand with the biggest market share品牌领导者 [例]
IBM is the brand leader in the field of portable computer.brand loyalty(n.)customer desire to continue buying the same brand品牌忠诚度 [例]
They managed to set up the brand loyalty of their consumers.break even(v.)balance costs and revenue, not make a profit or a loss收支平衡 [例]
We just broke even last year.breakeven point point at which revenue equals costs 收支平衡点 breakthrough [ ](n.)an act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction突破 [例] It is up to both of us to try our best to make a breakthrough in the present negotiations.brief [ bri:f ](v.)to give concise preparatory instructions, information, or advice to简要介绍
[例]
The CEO briefed his senior managers on the project that is supposed to be the turning point for the fate of the firm.[同义词] abstract, synopsis, outline
bring forward(v.)make earlier提前
[例]
We brought the launch date forward to June 1st.bring up(v.)mention, introduce提出
[例]
The chairman brought up the question of holidays.brochure [ ](n.)publicity booklet giving information about a product or service（宣传产品的）小册子
[例]
They asked for a brochure about our services.[同义词] leaflet, pamphlet, booklet
broke[ ](adj, inf)without/out of money破产的，一文不名的 [例]
He was broke until he won the lottery.[同义词] insolvent
broker [](n.)person who buys and sells shares/currency etc.经纪人 [例]
That firm is acting as a broker.[同义词] agent, middleman
brown goods(n)items such as television sets and radios that are sold in cabinets made of wood or similar materials 茶色电器
[例] There are bloody competitions on China‟ brown goods market.[反义词]white goods
b-school(business school)(n)a college or a department of a university providing business courses to students商学院
[例] He graduated from a top-ten b-school in US.budget[ ](n.)plan of forecast income and expenditure收支预算
[例]
Generally a functional budget is draw up for each functional area within an organization.bulk [ ]1.(n.)large quantity(of goods)大量
2.(adj.)大量的 We can offer you a discount for bulk purchase.bulk carrier(n)a ship designed to carry bulk goods散货船
[例] Due to the on-going strike , our goods can only be delivered by bulk carrier.bull market(n.)period when share prices are rising牛市（行情看涨的市场）[例]
She sold all her bonds in bull market.bull position(n)a situation in which a dealer keeps hold of a particular stock or share because he expects a rise in price多头 [例] in a bull position [同义词]long position
bust [ ](adj inf)bankrupt破产的 [例] The f irm went bust.buyout(n.)the purchase of a company or business购买下
[例]
If the workers do approve the buyout, their company will become the nation's largest employee-owned enterprise.buy up
（v）to buy all or nearly all of what is available of something 尽可能买断 [例] In order to benchmark their products, they bought up all lines of their rivals.buyer’s market(n)a situation where certain products are in plentiful supply, resulting in low price and good credit term for buyers 买方市场
[例] Too many entrants into this market created a buyer‟s market in TVs.[反义词] seller‟s marker
by-product [](n.)substance produced during the making of sth else 副产品 [例]
Ammonia, coal tar and coke are all by-products obtained in the manufacture of the coal gas.[同义词] spin-off
byte(n)a unit of computer information consisting of a number of bits or binary digits 字节 [例] The speed of download is about 1 m bytes per second.C CAD(=Computer Aided Design)(n.)design and drafting performed interactively on a computer计算机辅助设计
[例]
Each student majoring in architecture should learn CAD.call [ ]1.(n.)visit, telephone call访问，电话 [例]
The salesman plans to make seven calls.2.(v.)telephone打电话
call on(v.)visit拜访
[例]
He will call on our major customers next week.campaign [ ](n.)plan of action（商业）活动 [例]
advertising campaign
candidate [ ](n.)person who puts himself/herself forward for a job候选人，应聘者 [例]
Several managers normally interview one candidate because this increases the likelihood of making a good choice.[同义词] applicant
canteen [ ](n.)factory restaurant食堂
[例]
All the employees of the company have their lunch in the canteen.canvass [ ](v.)to go through(a region)or go to(persons)to solicit votes or orders游说,向… 拉选票 或拉生意
[例]
Please canvass your customers for orders.capacity [ ](n.)amount which can be produced生产能力 [例]
We are working at full capacity.capital [ ](n.)money, property and assets used in a business（投入）资本 [例]
One company can open just one capital account in the bank according to the Chinese regulation.caption [ ](n.)short description under a photograph or illustration 文字说明,字幕 [例]
We have noted your letter of November 28 under the above caption.[同义词] title
captive market(n)a situation where buyer‟s have no choice of goods or have to deal with only one seller 垄断市场 [例] This firm is the only manufacture of CD players in the country and gains a lot from such captive market.[同义词] monopoly
capture[ ](v.)take占有，夺取 [例]
We captured 20% of the market.career[ ](n.)job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to do throughout one‟s life事业生涯
[例]
People have to decide how important work and career are to be in their life.carrier(n)a person or business that transports goods for commercial purposes 承运人 [例] Please arrange the carrier for delivering this batch of goods.[同义词] haulier
carry on(v.)continue坚持
[例]
Your team can carry on that project from now on.case study(n.)a training technique based on solving a case or problem facing an organization案例分析 [例] In MBA study, we should learn how to make good case study.cash [] 1.(n.)money in notes and coins现金
[例]
Carrying cash is very dangerous and inconvenient for foreign travelers.[同义词]
money, currency
2.(v.)exchange a cheque for cash兑现（支票）
cash crop(n)the produce grown by farmers who intend to sell it rather than use it themselves 经济作物 [例] Bananas are the pillar cash crop for this tropic nation.cash flow(n.)the pattern of income and expenditures, as of a company or person, and the resulting availability of cash现金流转
[例]
The cash flow of the bank‟s counter is calculated at day end.cash ratio(n)the relationship between the mount of money a bank holds in cash and the total amount it holds in deposits and investments 现金比率
[例] In order to better deal with possible bank-rush, banks should keep a reasonable cash ratio.casual labour one that serves or appears at irregular intervals, especially a temporary worker临时工人 [例]
All work is done by casual labour.catalogue [US catalog] a sales publication which lists products and prices产品目录 [例]
When doing import trading, you should get to know the exporter‟s catalogue.[同义词]
list, inventory
cater for(v.)service, deal with供应
[例]
We can only cater for 20 people;if there are more, there won‟t be enough space.catering industry(n.)industry provide food to customers餐饮业
[例]
Catering industry met depression for SARS in Asia.catch a cold to lose money in a business deal 亏本
[例] During that severe recession, many shareholders caught a cold.CBA(cost-benefit analysis)成本效益分析
certificate of origin(n)a document that shows where goods were made 原产地证书 [例] The Customs required us to show a certificate of origin for clearing the goods.certified cheque(n)a cheque marked by the bank it is drawn on as “good for payment” 保兑支票 [例] We only accept certified cheque.[同义词] marked cheque
chain [ ](n.)number of shops belonging to one company连锁店 [例]
The well famous retail company has built up at least 200 chain stores in China.chair[ ](v.)to preside over as chairperson 主持 [例]
I chaired the executive committee.[同义词]
preside
challenger [ ](n.)company which enters a market where others are already established 挑战者
[例]
New Asia Snack is a competitive challenger to KFC.channel [ ](n.)means by which goods pass from one place to another（销售）渠道 [例]
The main distribution channel is through supermarkets.charge [ ](n.)payment to be made for a service费用
[例]
There is no service charge included in the bill – it is at your discretion!chart [](n.)diagram which displays information visually 图表 [例]
Please draw a chart on sales volume of this month.[同义词]
diagram,graph
bar chart uses columns to show relative heights直方图
flow chart shows process from first to last step流程图
organization chart(n.)a chart which shows how a job relates to other jobs and where it fits in the overall 组织机构图
[例] Please give me an organization chart of that company.pie chart shows data in a circle cut up into segments圆型图
checklist(n.)a list of items to be noted, checked, or remembered清单 [例]
a checklist for shopping
checkout[](n.)place where goods are paid for in a shop结帐处 [例]
Where is the checkout of the supermarket?
cheque [](n.)[US check] note ordering a bank to pay money to the person/company whose name is written on the cheque支票
[例]
You need to have the drawer endorsed first, then go to the bank to encash the cheque.chief [](adj.)most important最重要的 [例]
This is the chief problem.CEO Chief Executive Officer 执行总裁
[例]
Jack Welch , the former CEO of GE is the No.1 CEO in the world.CIF COST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT到岸价格
circular [ ](n.)a copied leaflet which is sent to people 传单，大量分发的广告页 [例]
Have you seen the circular handed out in the street? [同义词]
notice, advertisement
claim[ ] 1.(n.)request for money索赔 [例]
We put in an insurance claim after the accident.2.(v.)ask for money索赔
[例]
We claimed $50,000 for the damaged car.claimant [](n.)a party that makes a claim（根据权利）提出要求者, 原告
classified advertisement(n)short ads in a newspaper or magazine placed by people offering or asking for a product or service, or who are offering or looking for employment分类广告
[例] I will place a classified ad for the coming auction.clear(v)1.to dispose of goods 抛售
[例] The stock sold their goods at cost price in an attempt to clear old stock.2.to pass goods through customs 清关
[例] clear the goods
clear(adj)net 净的
[例] The clear profit is very little after deduction of all expenses.clerk [ ](n.)person employed in an office to do routine tasks职员
[例]
She was employed as a bank maintenance clerk after her graduation.client [ ](n.)person or company buying a service客户 [例]
Nowadays good service is a very important aspect to the bank‟s clients.clientele [ ](n.)a body of customers or patrons 顾客（总称）[例]
a restaurant's clientele
Co(n.)abbreviation for company“公司”的缩写
cold [ ](adj.)not approached before 冷不防的
[例]
He gave me a cold call this afternoon but we didn‟t have any appointment.collaboration [](n.)working together 协作
[例]
The efficient collaboration will bring mutual benefit to both sides.collective bargaining(n.)negotiations between unions and employers about conditions, wages, etc.集体协定，劳资双方就工资等问题谈判
[例]
Labor union is making collective bargaining with employers of that factory.come up with =put forward(an idea)提出 [例]
come up with an original idea
commercial [ ](adj.)of or relating to commerce 商业的 [例]
commercial area [同义词]
trading, mercantile
commercial(n.)advertisements on TV or radio（电视插播的）商业广告 [同义词]
advertisement [例] The aim of the repetitions of the same commercial on television is nothing but to brainwash consumers into compulsive consumption.commercialize [ ](v.)make something make money使商业化 [例]
They have a good research reputation but they find it difficult to commercialize their products.commission [ ](n.)proportionate amount of money paid to a sales person/agent, usually a percentage of the sales made佣金
[例]
We offered the agent a 10% commission.commitment [ ](n.)acceptance of values or pursuit of objectives 许诺,承担义务 [例]
We have not made any commitment in this respect.[同义词]
pledge, engagement, promise
commodity[ ](n.)goods sold in very large quantities, such as metals, foodstuffs商品（尤指日用品）[例] The commodity of this food company sells very well on the market.commute [ ](v.)daily travel between home and office 每天乘车往返上下班 [例]
She, as a consultant, commutes from Cambridge to London every day.limited(liability)company(Itd.)a private company where the shareholders are responsible for repaying debts to the value of their shares有限责任公司
public limited company(plc)company whose shares can be bought on the Stock Exchange股票上市公司
compensate [ ](v.)give something such as money to someone for loss or damage补偿 [例]
The director decided to compensate those who had been hurt in the working accident.compensation [ ](n.)something, usually money, given to someone for loss or damage 赔偿（金）
compete [ ](v.)succeed in doing better than(another person/company)竞争 [例]
It‟s difficult to compete with low-priced imports.competition [ ](n.)process of trying to do better竞争 [例]
The competition is very fierce.competitor [ ](n.)person/company that competes竞争者 [例]
Dozens of competitors are applying for the position of sales manager.[同义词]
rival, opponent, adversary competitive[ ](adj.)of a product which competes well有竞争力的 [例]
It‟s important to keep a competitive edge.[同义词]
rival, competing, vying, combative
competitive edge(n.)advantage竞争优势 [例] We have competitive edge in this respect.competitiveness(n.)process of being competitive 竞争力
competence [](n.)ability to do a job well, skill or efficiency能力，胜任 [例]
The promotion of an employee should be judged chiefly by his competence.[同义词]
ability, capability
component []1.(n.)piece of machinery机器部件
2.(n.)part that goes into the final product产品零件 [例] This new type of machine contains many components.[同义词] part，replacement
complimentary [ ](adj.)given free to repay a favor or as an act of courtesy 免费赠送的 [例]
complimentary ticket
concentrated marketing(n.)marketing directed at one segment of the market密集性市场策略
condition [ ](n.)1.general state 状态2.term of a contract 条款
conditions(n.pl)situation状况，环境
[例]
It will probably be appropriate to start an interview with a neutral chat by asking non-controversial questions – perhaps about the weather or the traffic conditions.conditions of employment(n.)terms of employment雇佣条款 [例]
Do all the workers make clear of conditions of employment?
configuration [ ](n.)organization and layout of equipment生产设备的布置
[例]
Better configuration can increase operational efficiency.conflict [ ](n.)disagreement争执
[例]
Conflict can clear the air by letting people get their bad feelings „off their chest‟.[同义词]
clash, collision, disagreement
conglomerate [ ](n.)group of companies jointly owned producing different products企业集团
[例]
One of the main advantages of a conglomerate is that the risk is spread over a number of companies operating in different markets.consensus [ ](n.)agreement一致同意 [例]
They came into consensus in the end.consign [](v.)send(goods)to a buyer寄售
[例]
The exporter will consign the goods to the buyer after the shipment.[同义词]
deliver, transfer, convey
consignee(n)a person or an organization intended to receive goods sent 收货人 [例] We will inform the consignee of the date of shipping.[同义词] receiver
consignment [](n.)group of goods sent in one load 运送之物 [同义词]
commitment, delivery
consolidate [ ](v.)put the accounts of subsidiary companies into the parent company‟s accounts合并
[例]
In the year end, the financial department will consolidate all the financial items to outcome the balance sheet.[同义词]
unit, join, combine
consolidated accounts accounts of subsidiaries grouped together with the parent company合并账目
consortium [ ](n.)a group of companies formed for a special purples, for example, to bid for a large contract协会, 联盟,(国际)财团
[例] In order to bid for a large contract, these several companies formed a consortium.[同义词] syndicate
consultancy [ ](n.)a business or agency offering expert or professional advice in a field咨询公司
[例]
open a financial consultancy
consultant [ ](n.)one that gives expert or professional advice咨询官 [例]
She is the No.1 marketing consultant , esp.in promotional strategies.consumables [ ](n.pl)goods which are used up in the production n process消耗品
[例] In order to get final products, we must use up a lot of consumables in the production process.consumer [ ](n.)person who buys goods or services消费者 [例] In this theory the consumer is assumed to be rational.consumer behavior purchasing patterns of consumers 消费者行为
[例]
Before we enter this market , we should make a research into the consumer behavior.consumer durables expensive items which last a number of years耐用品 [例]
Refrigerators and washing machines belong to consumer durables.consumer goods(n.)goods bought by consumers as opposed to industry生活消费品 [例] It is consumers, not industry, who buy consumer goods.container(n)a very large wooden or metal box into which a number of goods may be packed before being transported by road , rail or ship 集装箱
[例]Near the dock you can see many container trucks being driven into and out of the port.contingency [](n.)possible emergency which, if it happens, will need immediate action突发事件,意外事故
[例] It is a real contingency to him that the marketing price fluctuates violently.continuous process(n.)a production system in which materials move continuously through the process连续生产, 连续处理
[例] Tomorrow he will show us the continuous process of that production.contract [ ](n.)legal agreement between two parties合同 [例]
He signed a 2 years‟ contract with the company employing him.[同义词]
agreement, pact, compact
contractor [ ](n.)a person or party who provides goods or services under a legal agreement订约人
[例]
Who are contractors of the two parties respectively?
contractual [ ](adj.)describing the relationship under a legal agreement契约的 [例] We have no doubt that you will respect the solemnity of contractual obligations.contribute [ ](v.)give support(often money)捐献 [例]
We contributed to the charity fund.[同义词]
supply, furnish, provide contribution [ ](n.)amount of support or money given贡献 [同义词]
donation
conversion [ ](n.)process of changing inputs into finished products（投入）转化（为产品）
[例] Finally we made a conversion of raw materials into finished products.[同义词]
transformation, transfiguration, alteration
convertible currency(n)money that can be exchanged for the currency of another country 可自由兑换货币 [例] Till now , RMB is not a convertible currency.copy [ ](n.)text specially written for an advertisement or a brochure（广告）解说词 [例]
The copy for the brochure needs some revision in wording.copyright(n)an exclusive legal right, for a certain number of years , to print, publish, record, perform, sell and original text ,work of art or design 版权
[例] China should reinforce her law to punish infringement of copyright.copywriter [](n.)person who writes copy for advertisements etc.广告文字撰稿人
core time(n.)period of working day when all employees must be at work 固定工作时间(see also flexitime)[例] However, you must all be here for core time from 10 till 3.corporate [ ](adj.)referring to the whole company法人组织的 [例]
Corporate advertising sells the company, not its products.correspondence [ ](n.)communication by the exchange of letters通信，商务信函
[例]
Correspondence can be a key to success.33 courier [ ](n.)a person or an organization employed to carry important papers and packages.快递
[例] We use UPS as our courier for the shipping notice and the tracking Number is 231.[同义词]
messenger, bearer, carrier
cover [ ](v.)pay 支付
[例]
The organizers will cover some of your costs while you are on this course.direct cost(n.)production cost of a specific product直接成本 [例]
The direct cost of this product is too high.We cannot accept it.fixed costs costs which do not increase when production increases or decreases固定成本 [例]
Fixed cost plus variable cost equals total cost.indirect costs(n.)costs which are not directly attached to the production of an item间接成本
overhead costs(n.pl)day-to-day costs of running a business营业间接成本
running costs costs of day-today management of a company日常经营成本
unit cost(n.)total labour, material and overhead costs to produce one unit单位成本
variable costs costs which increase or decrease as production changes 可变成本
cost-effective(adj.)which gives value划算的 [例]
The scheme is cost-effective.costing [ ](n.)the calculation of costs for a project成本核算
credentials [ ](n.)evidence or testimonials concerning one's right to credit, confidence, or authority 证明（书）[例] academic credentials
[同义词]
certificate, diploma, licence
credit [](n & adj)time given to a customer to pay赊账期限 [例]
We normally give 3 months‟ credit.credit control system for checking that customers pay on time 信用控制
letter of credit note from a bank allowing credit and promising to repay at a later date信用证
credit limit maximum amount that a customer can owe信用额度限制
credit rating amount which a credit agency thinks a company/person should be allowed to borrow客户信贷分类
creditor [ ](n.)person who is owed money债权人
credit-worth(adj.)considered a good risk to be allowed to buy goods on credit 信用好的 [例] The credit-worth chart show the relationship between the credit and profit from it.creditworthiness(n.)ability to repay money borrowed信誉度 [例] We should check your creditworthiness before we give you loans.crisis [ ](n.)dangerous/difficult/serious situation危机 [例]
a banking crisis [同义词]
emergency, exigency, dilemma
criterion [ ](n.)a standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision can be based标准
[例]
Quality is our main criterion.[同义词]
standard
critical path analysis(n.)network planning technique for scheduling projects关键途径分析 [例] He asked his secretary to prepare a critical path analysis.currency [ ](n.)money which is used in a particular country通货 [例]
There are still some existing Chinese regulations governing foreign currency.[同义词] money, cash, legal tender
hard currency currency of a country with a stable economy 硬通货
current [ ](adj.)referring to the present time 当前的 [例]
current leaders [同义词] presend, ongoing, prevailing
current account bank account from which a customer can withdraw money at any time 经常帐户
[例]
If you want your money can bring some benefits in the bank, I advise you do a time deposit rather than
deposit it in your current account.current liabilities(n.pl)debts which a company must repay in the short term流动负债 [例]
Too many current liabilities is risky to a company.customer [ ](n.)person/company who buys goods 消费者 [例]
Customers today are more rational when they are choosing and making decision.customize [](v.)to adapt a product for a particular customer定制 [例]
I want to customize a new style of clothes for my fashionable sister.cut back(v)to reduce the amount of money, staff or other resources available for a project or an organization 削减
[例] To reduce the risk involved in this project, we should cut back our investment in it
cut-price(adj.)sold at a lower than normal price 打折的，廉价的 [例]
Today we can taste that cut-price pizza after we finish shopping.cut-throat(adj.)fierce, intense残酷的 [例]
cut-throat competition
cv [,;,](n.)(=curriculum vitae)written statement of education and previous employment履历
[例]
If you want to apply for the job, don‟t forget to send in a detailed cv.cycle [ ](n.)regularly repeated sequence周期
[例]
This is our normal selling cycle-it‟s always quiet after Christmas.cycle time(n.)time between entry of material into production facility and exit周期时间 [例] Cycle time should be condensed next year.36 D D/A 1.deposit account定期存款
2.document against acceptance 承兑交单
damages [ ](n.pl)money claimed for harm done 赔偿金 [例]
We are claiming damages for unfair dismissal.[同义词]
compensation,reparation
danger money(n)extra money or high wages paid to people working in hazardous conditions危险工作津贴 [例] All medical staff who were fighting SARS to save patient‟s life received danger money.database [ ](n.)date bank 数据库
day book(n)a book containing records of invoices, credit notes, etc.日记帐 [例] She wrote the invoice number in the day book to update the accounts.deadline[ ](n.)date/time by which something has to be done最终期限 [例]
The deadline for the application is tomorrow morning.deal []1.(n.)1.business agreement交易 [例]
We set up a deal with our agents.2.(v.)trade, buy and sell做生意 [例]
He deals in gold.[同义词]
trade, bargain, negotiate
dealer [ ](n.)person who buys and sells商人 [例]
a foreign exchange dealer [同义词]
merchant, trader, tradesman
dear [ ](adj.)high-priced;expensive昂贵的[例]
a dear gift [同义词]
expensive, costly, pricey
dear money(n)money that is difficult to borrow because of high interest rate 高利息借贷资本 [例] Government adopted the dear money policy to restrain the overhot investment in the real estate.debenture [](n)a form of long-term loan, with a fixed rate of interest and usually repaid at a fixed date 公司债券
[例] The company sold the debenture for financing.37
debit [ ]1.(n.)money which is owed借方 [例]
The debit column is the left-hand column in accounts.2.(v.)debit an account记入借方 [例] debit＄5 against a person's account
direct debit money withdrawn automatically from a bank account for regular payments直接借记
debt [ ](n.)money owed 债务 [同义词]
liability, obligation, due
to get into debt 负债
to be out of debt 不欠债
to pay off a debt 偿清债务
debt ratio(n)the relationship between the total amount of money owned by a company and the company‟s shareholder‟s funds负债比率
[例] As the debt ratio is ever-increasing, investors fell uncertain about the prospect of the company.debtor [ ](n.)person who owes money 债务人
aged debtors companies which owe money listed according to age of debt 长期债务人
declare[ ](v.)make an official statement公布 [例]
The company declared interim profits of 420 million.decline [ ]1.(n.)slow fall下滑 [同义词]
decrease 2.(v.)fall slowly下滑 [同义词]
decrease
[例]
When the income level of the consumers declines, the market price for house will fall accordingly.deduct [ ](v.)subtract from the total figure 扣除 [例]
After deducting all the costs, we actually made a loss.[同义词]
subtract, take away
deductible [ ](adj.)which can be deducted可扣除的
[例]
tax-deductible
deduction [ ](n.)subtraction from the total figure扣除，减除 [例]
after deduction of tax [同义词]
subtraction, reduction, decrease
default [ ] 1.(n.)failure to meet the terms of a contract未履行 2.(v.)to fail to meet the terms of a contract违约 [例]
In the end they have to meet a default.defect [ ](n.)fault, something wrong in the design of a machine缺陷 [例]
There is a small defect in this product.defective [ ](adj.)not working properly有缺陷的 [例]
The defective working line slowed down the entire production process.defer [ ](v.)to put off to a later date推迟
[例]
Please defer shipment until you receive our further instructions.[同义词]
delay, postpone, ajourn
deferred payments(n.)payments postponed to a later date延期付款 [例]
We cannot accept deferred payment.deficit [ ](n.)amount by which expenditure is higher than income赤字 [例]
They have incurred trade deficit for several years.[同义词]
shortage, shortfall,deficiency
deflation [n ](n)a reduction in the amount of money circulating in a country‟s economy, so that prices fall or remain steady 通货紧缩
[例] Under the policy of deflation , prices have fallen back to a normal level
delegate [ ] 1.(v.)to give authority and responsibility to someone to act on one‟s behalf委派为…代表 2.(n.)person to whom authority and responsibility are given代理 3.(n.)person representing an organization at a meeting or conference大会代表
[例] We note that you will have delegated your Miss Chris to attend the Shanghai Fair.delegation [ ](n.)group of delegates代表团
[例]
The Shanghai Trade Delegation was warmly received at Hong Kong Spring Commodities Fair.39 deliver [](v.)transport goods to a customer送货
[例]
You as the VIP customer can choose the way how we deliver our product to you and the charge will be free.delivery cycle(n.)time from receipt of customer order to shipment供货周期 [例]
We should try to shorten the delivery cycle.demand [ ](n.)1.request for payment请求偿付 [例]
First demands were issued to all late payers.2.need for products and services at a certain price需求 [例]
We are having difficulty meeting demand.demand management(n.)series of activities to recognize and manage all the demands for products需求的监督和调节
[例] They decided to carry out demand management to get information from consumers.demotivated(adj.)not interested失去动力的
[例] The depression of economy demotivated them at last.denationalize [](v)to put a government-owned company or industry back into private ownership 私营化
[例] Sooner or later, China‟s communication sector will be completely denationalized.[同义词] privatize
department [ ](n.)part of an organization部门
[例]
The employment manager would like to talk to some of the company‟s supervisors and department heads.[同义词]
branch, division, subdivision
deposit [ ](n.)1.money placed in a bank account存款
[例]
Once your deposit in our bank exceeds 50,000 USD, the monthly 20 USD account maintenance fees will be exempted.deposit account account earning interest有息存款，储蓄存款 [例]
We require 7 days‟ notice of withdrawal on this deposit account.2.money paid in advance in order to reserve a product押金
depot [ ](n.)warehouse仓库 [例]
The goods are temporally stored in the depot near the port.depreciate[ ](v.)reduce the value of assets in the accounts over a certain time贬值
[例]
We depreciate business equipment over 5 years.[同义词]
devalue, devaluate
depreciation [ ](n.)reduction in the value of an asset贬值
[同义词]
devaluation, deflation
deregulate [](v)to free an industry , an organization, etc from price control, especially by a government 撤消管制 [例] to deregulate the food market
deskilling(n)the losing of skills by workers through unemployment , lack of training , etc.失去技能
[例] The great depression caused many companies to lay off their workers which would result in deskilling of staff.desktop [](n.)desktop computer 台式电脑
despatch [ ] see: dispatch
devalue [](v.)reduce the value of a currency against other currencies（货币）贬值 [例]
The war inside the country severely hurts the consumers‟ confidence and devalues its currency in the international financial market.[同义词]
depreciate, devaluate
devaluation [ ](n.)the deduction in the value of a currency against other currencies（货币）贬值 [同义词]
depreciation, deflation
differentiate [ ](v.)to make something different or highlight the difference between two things区别
[例] It is hard to differentiate the one from the other.[同义词] distinguish, set apart,separate differentiation [ ](n.)making sure that a product has distinguishing features区别
[例] Line 1 and Line 2 have little differentiation.price differential(n)the difference in prices charged for the same product in different shops, or for different products in a range 差价
[例] The price for this air-conditioner is the lowest in Shanghai, and if you can find lower price for it within 15
days, we will refund the price differential to you.direct [ ](v.)manage, be in charge of管理，指挥 [例]
He directs our sales operation.[同义词]
namage, control, run
director [ ](n.)person appointed by shareholders to help manage a company 主管，董事
managing director UK [US Chief Executive Officer] 执行总裁
direct flight flight without transfer 直航
direct mail(n.)selling a product by sending information through the post直接邮寄广告 [例] We have to wait for 2 days if we send it by direct mail.direct selling(n.)selling directly to a customer without going through any middlemen直销 [例] Direct selling can save a lot of money.directory [ ](n.)reference book containing listings目录
[例] a telephone directory, a trade directory
discount [ ]1.(n.)percentage reduction in a full price打折
[例]
You can have 5% discount as a VIP customer.2.(v.)reduce the full price打折 [同义词]
rebate
disintegration [ ](n)the breaking up of a company or group of companies 解散
[例]At last , the merger of these two big companies comes to disintegration.dismiss [ ](v.)remove from employment, sack(inf)解雇 [例]
You are dismissed for your poor performance and bad working attitude.[同义词]
discharge
dismissal [ ](n.)act of dismissing解雇 [例]
These rules are formal-such as the procedure for dismissal.[同义词]
discharge
dispatch 1.(n.)sending goods to a customer送货 [例]
dispatch department 2.(v.)send goods to customers送货
display [] 1.(n.)show/exhibition of goods展览
[例]
There was a display of the latest research at the trade fair in Frankfurt.2.(v.)show, exhibit展览
dispute [ ]1.(n.)a disagreement争论 [例]
We hope the matter in dispute will soon be settled.2.(v.)to disagree争辩
distribute [ ](v.)send out goods from the manufacturer to the end user分销 [例] The distributing line of the company is very advanced and considerable.distribution [ ](n.)act of sending goods from the producer to another person or organization分销
[例] Have you prepared for the distribution of the goods?
distributor [](n.)person or company which sells goods for a manufacturer分销商 [例]
We are the sole distributors.diversify [ ](v.)extend into new business areas多元化 [例]
Although we are a chemicals company, we diversified into publishing.[同义词] vary, variegate
diversification [ ](n.)act of diversifying多元化
[例]
The superior leaders of the company believe the diversification will bring larger market and more profits.divest [ ](v.)to sell assets出售 [例]
We cannot divest all assets.dividend [ ](n.)percentage of profits paid to shareholders红利 [例]
The size of the dividend payment is decided by the board of the directors.[同义词] bonus
dividend per share(n)the amount of money paid by a company to its shareholders divided by the total number of shares issues 每股股息
[例] After the reshuffle of the company, there is a huge rise in dividend per share.43
division [ ](n.)main part of a large organisation部门
[例]
The job description indicates where the job is to be carried out in terms of location, plant, division, department, and section.documentation [ ](n.)a collection of documents referring to a subject文件资料
[例]
We have noted your instructions about documentation and will do accordingly.dog [ ](n.)term used in Boston Matrix to describe a product with low market growth and low market share（波士顿距阵中）市场占有率低、增长率慢的瘦狗产品
donate [ ](v.)to present as a gift to a fund or cause;contribute捐赠 [例]
TOSHIBA donated $ 5 m to Cambridge Univ.[同义词] give, bestow
domestic [ ](adj.)referring to the home market国内的 [例]
Large domestic market encourages us to explore overseas markets.[同义词] internal
dominant [ ](adj.)most prominent as in position of market（市场）领导地位的 [例]
In these newer markets the firm is dominant.down payment a partial payment made at the time of purchase, with the balance to be paid later头期款购买时的部分付款
down market(n.adj & adv)cheap, low end of the market 低端市场(的)
down-time/downtime [ ](n.)time when factory machines are not producing停工期 [例]
The downtime of the machine is too long.We‟d better call the technician to maintain it.downturn [`](n.)a tendency downward, especially in business or economic activity低迷时期 [例]
There is a terrific downturn in retail sales six years ago.DP(n.)(=Data Processing)the use of data by computers数据处理
drawer [ ](n)one that draws, especially one that draws an order for the payment of money 开票人
[例] The cheque was bounced to the drawer because there was not enough money in his account.44
drawee [ ](n)the party on which an order for the payment of money is drawn受票人
[例] The drawee refused to accept the cheque because there was no signature in it.drill [ ](n.)disciplined, repetitious exercise as a means of teaching and perfecting a skill or procedure训练
[例]
easy and short drills
drive []1(n.)energy内驱力,冲劲 [例]
His drive was worn out in the long run.[同义词] vigour
2.(v.)urge forward催使，促进
[例]
New technological solutions are needed to tackle the problem and to help drive businesses forward to improve their productivity and output.[同义词] propel, push, impel
due [ ](adj.)owed应付的，到期的 [例]
This debt became due last week.dull [ ](adj.)(of business or market)sluggish;flat 不景气的 [例] The business of this company is dull this year.duplicate [ ](n)an exact copy of a document such as a letter, a report, a receipt , and invoice etc.副本
[例] Keep the duplicate for your reference.[同义词] copy
duty-free(adj.)
exempt from customs duties 免税的 [例] duty-free merchandise
E earnings [ ](n.pl)salaries, profits, dividends, interest received收入 [例]
The meager earnings can hardly make a living for me.economic [](adj.)1.providing enough money, profitable赚钱的,有利润的 [例]
This project doesn‟t make economic sense.2.referring to state of the national economy经济的 [例]
There is an economic crisis.economic efficiency(n.)the ratio of outputs to inputs经济效益 [例]
The economic efficiency is higher this year than last year.economic sanctions(n)measures taken to force a country to obey international law, by stopping or reducing trade with that country.经济制裁
[例] The UN decided to life the long-term economic sanctions on Iraq.economical [ ](adj.)money-saving节约的 [例]
an economical car [同义词] thrifty
economics [](n.pl)the study of macro and micro economics经济学
economist [](n.)person who specializes in the study of economics经济学家
economise [](v.)save money by spending less节约
economies(n.pl)savings积蓄
[例]
We need to introduce some economies.economy [ ](n.)financial organization of a country经济体制 [例]
a free market economy
economy class the cheapest class of a air travel经济舱
economy of scale 规模经济
edge [ ](n.)advantage优势 [例]
a competitive edge
effective [ ](adj.)able to produce the right results有效的，给人深刻印象的 [例]
The new pricelist will become effective from January.；an effective resume [同义词] efficient, effectual, efficacious
efficiency [ ](n.)ability to do the right thing效率 [例]
This machine has a good efficiency.efficient [ ](adj.)able to produce the right results quickly效率高的 [例]
The new type of machine is efficient to produce products.[同义词] effective, effectual, efficacious
(be)eligible for qualified or entitled to be chosen有资格的[例]
They are eligible for the grant from the government.embezzle[ ](v)to take(money, for example)for one's own use in violation of a trust 挪用公款 [例] The GM is charged with embezzling funds from the company‟s account.employ [](v.)take on or use a person as a paid worker雇佣 [例]
During the year we employed an average of 65.[同义词] engage, hire
employee [ ](n.)person taken on as a paid worker雇员 [同义词] worker
employer [ ](n.)person or organization that takes on paid workers雇主 [同义词] boss, director
employment [ ](n.)work, job(s)工作
enclose [ ](v)to put something in an envelop, usually as well as a letter 附寄 [例] Enclosed is the receipt for the order.endorse [ ](v.)write one‟s name on, to accept背书，认可
[例]
Please cable us as soon as your application for import license has been endorsed.[同义词] approve, sanction, ratify
endorsement [ ](n.)acceptance背书 [例]
Our products have met with wide endorsement.47
endow [ ](v)to provide with property, income, or a source of income 资助，捐赠 [例] This research project is endowed by an international charity.enduser(n.)person who actually uses a product or service最终用户
[例]
We should carry on a survey among our product‟s end users to collect the feedback.engage [ ](v.)to take a person on as a paid worker;employ雇佣 [例]
Congratulations, Chris!Our company engages you.[同义词] hire, employ, take on
end-product(n)the final article produced by the manufacturing process 制成品 [同义词] finished goods
enter [ ](v.)go into进入（市场）[例]
We entered the market in 1980.enterprise [ ](n.)a business organization企业
entitle [ ](v.)to give a right to授权 [例]
We feel we are entitled to make this request.[同义词] qualify, authorize, empower
entitlement(n.)a person‟s right权利 [例]
He has the entitlement to sell the house.environmentally-friendly(adj)of activities , products, production processes, etc that do not harm the environment 环保的
[例] Our products are environmentally-friendly , so they are welcomed by our customers.[同义词] green
holiday entitlement(n.)the right to have holiday休假权利
[例]
in the UK holiday entitlement generally ranges from three to six weeks per year
entrant [ ](n.)one that enters a market市场进入者
[例]
This firm is a new entrant showing tremendous potentials.entrepreneur [ ](n.)person who starts and runs a company/business企业家 [例]
Entrepreneur needs special innovative spirit and acute business sense to win the final success.48
entrepreneurial(adj.)have the very spirit of an entrepreneurial, such as creativeness and taking risk to run the enterprises etc.企业家（精神）的 [例]
entrepreneurial flair
environment [](n.)surroundings环境
[例]
To be classed as a work accident, the accident must take place in the work environment.equity [ ](n.)right to receive dividends on the shares owned in a company普通股所有人利益 [例]
Assets plus liabilities equals owner‟s equity.equity capital amount of a company‟s capital owned by the shareholders股本 [例]
The two main shareholders owned almost all the company‟s equity capital.equities ordinary shares普通股 [例]
How many equities have you got?
ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning)企业资源计划
estimated demand(n.)rough or approximate calculations of demand估测需求量 [例]
What about the estimated demand of portable computers in this city?
ETA(estimated time of arrival)估计到达时间 ETA of our goods is 12th May.evaluate [ ](v.)calculate the value of something评估
[例]
The training and development manager plans, organizes and evaluates training programmes.evaluation [](n.)calculation of value评估
exchange rate =rate of exchange
relation in value between kinds of money used in different countries汇率 [例]
What is the exchange rate between US dollar and RMB?
exhibit [ ]1.(n.)goods or services displayed at a fair or trade show展览 [例]
The exhibit of mobile phones has drawn special interest of young people.2.(v.)display products or services at a show展览
exhibition []（n.)show of goods展览会
expand [ ](v.)get bigger扩张，发展
[例]
The market is expanding.[同义词] stretch, spread, enlarge
expansion [ ](n.)increase in size扩展 [例]
The firm is planning for rapid expansion of its market.[同义词] enlargement, amplification
expect [](v.)wait for sb.for a talk , discussion etc.找某人 [例]
Jack, Mr.Casson is expecting you in his office![同义词] await
expenditure [ ](n.)amount of money spend花费 [例]
Capital expenditure is the money we have spent on fixed assets.[同义词] spending, expense
expenses(n.pl)money paid for covering extra costs费用 [例]
The fee did not include travel expenses.experienced [](adj.)skilled or knowledgeable as the result of active participation or practice 有丰富经验的
[例]
She was an experienced chef.[同义词] practiced, versed, familiar
expertise [ ](n.)particular knowledge or skill专门技术
[例]
One of the advantages of using an employment agency is that it offers expertise in an area where the employer is not regularly in the market.expire [ ](v.)to come to an end;terminate到期
[例]
My passport expires in a month.[同义词] terminate
exposure [ ]1.(n.)publicity given to a product or company 公开,曝光
2.(n.)total audience number reached by an advertisement知道某广告的总人数 [例] Have you counted the exposure reached by that attractive advertisement?
Euro [](n)(from 1999)the currency of the European Economic and Monetary Union 欧元
第三篇：新东方听力笔记
新东方TOEFL2001.10月班笔记--（第一部分：听力）
作者：joanphan网友提供
TOEFL复习笔记（第一部分：听力）
TOEFL听力主考思路
TOEFL听力的主题：校园生活
TOEFL听力不考的话题：politics religion campus violence(校园暴力)campus police(校园警察)human rights 等等unhappy的话题，TOEFL听力永远
考美国光明的一面。
如何提高听力水平？ 1． 语音问题 a)美语的发音
英 [α：] → 美 [æ] glass [α：] →[æ]
英 [o] → 美 [Λ] hot [o] → [Λ](美语的这个音界于[o]和[α：]之 间)美语r音的存在，只有在有字母r的时候才有 个别单词的发音：
diverse E [dai’v :s]→ A [d ‘v :s],且有r的音 hostile E['hostail]→ A['hΛs] b）连读，不爆破发音（失爆）连读：元辅音在一起，连读。run out of fit it in 失爆：爆破音：[b] [p] [t] [d] [g] 两个爆破音在一起，前一个爆破音就要失爆。Blackboard → blac(k)board I wen(t)downtown yesterday.c）跟读磁带（跟读一盘TOEFL听力磁带）d）语音语调 2． 词汇问题： a）表达口语化：
1）I’ve got to lose weight.2）Have you got the time?/↑ Got the time?(几点了？)3）Got time?(有空吗？言下之意：我想请你吃饭)4）Care to come?(=Would you like to come?)=Wanna come?(wanna=want to gonna=be going to)5）I got the feeling.(=I think.)6）I’m under the imparession.(=I remember.)7）The book is fat.（这本书很厚）8）a must-(h)ave（必备的）a must-see
（必看的）a must-eat
（必吃的）a must-play（必玩的）
9）I missed the beauty of„„(我曾错过的„„最美好的)b）词意TOEFL化：
student government 学生会
student council / student association 学生会 make up 补课/补考
c）词义多样化 反应顺序 考试频率 fix 修理，做饭(fix dinner)
serve 上菜，服务（网球）发球
order 订购，点菜，顺序（in order / out of order）paper 论文，报纸，身份证件，文件（papers），纸 3． 听力的思维：
a)对话场景化：听信号词/关键词→定位场景→话题 b)场景规律化
hit the spot=out of this world 棒极了（形容„好吃）it was hardly worth the money(形容食物太贵太难吃)I was broke.没钱了
save for the rainy days 存钱以备不时之需 open semame（哩语）„的开门砖，„的诀窍 c)思维学生化
TOEFL听力选项原则（适用于PART A）
1． 迅速看选项，找出其中相同、相似、相关的东西，确定场景，预测内容。2． 排除不符合TOEFL思路的选项，排除不合逻辑、常识的选项，排除读起来拗 口的选项。
3． 注意选项中的主谓及标志词。Δ主语（题）做题法： 4个选项主语不一致的时候，只要找对与对话中的主语一致的，即为正确答案。Δ标志词：如shuold表示“建议”，agree表示“同意”等等。4． 注意意思相反的两个选项，正确选项必居其一。5． 注意相似的两个选项 6． 注意有同义词的选项。7． 注意有反义词的选项。
8． 注意有同形异义词的选项。如：A.go to the park B.park the car park在对话中的含义不一样。
9． 注意数字及数字所修饰的名词n.10．在小对话题中听见什么不选什么。
TOEFL段落题题目特征： 对话2个，passage3个，一般一段4个问题。开头一条，结尾一条，终结两条。
开头：TOPIC句题：开头句型，开头语气和原词，重复率高的词：原词的数/概念 的重复。
场景：who what where why 中段：细节题 结尾题
TOEFL段落题解题思路：
1． 确定段落的主题（找相同相似相关的东西）2． 反推段落的问题
如果两个选项相似，正确答案必居其一
段落第一条是n./名词性短语，则是TOPIC题
段落中间是n/名词性短语，只要文中提到，就是正确答案。即：听到什么选什 么。
TOEFL对话段落题的题型：
1． 所听即所选（93、5、36）
2． 重复原则，重复多的就是答案（93、5、37）3． 强调原则，强调多的就是答案（93、5、38）4． 建议原则，有建议的就是考点。5．对话题结构特点：
开头：打招呼后，信息作为开头。结尾：最后一句。
TOEFL错题原因：
慢热（听时不看）Part A 走神（延长时间）连错（学会放弃）读题（先紧后松）
老题重要题型： 中间带but转折题：
1． 语气转折： 90.1.33/96.12.A14 2． 表单词多种含义 89.8.24/96.10.A2 对一般疑问句的回答: 1． 听清第二句开头的短结构 89、8、32 2． 间接回答一定表示反对 96、10、A12 3． 听不懂没关系（第二句长而绕），选一个否定答案就可以 96、8、30 4． 第一句语调特征：最后为升调 5． 第二句习语。
6． 把第一个的一般疑问句否定，就是答案。
虚拟语气题：(非直接条件句)∆ 答案反着给 eg:93.5.15 a）4种基本构成 1）if only 2）I wish 3）If clause a)与现在相反：从句用过去式，主句用would do b)与过去相反：从句用过去完成式（had p.p）主句用would have done b)注意虚拟语气的时态（虚拟语气的时态要往前推一个时态）
If I had a computer, I would have the paper in time.→ I need a computer.√
I didn’t have a computer.X(时态错)c)注意上下文的场景，注意虚拟愈气与真实条件句的区别： If he is the boss,things will be different.(真实条件句)→He is a boss.√
He isn’t a boss.√ d)正确答案的标志：
1)虚拟语气结构内部进行替换
quse: if only → ans: I wish 2)用否定直接表示实际情况（93、5、15）
3)表达一种无法实现的愿望，所以总是表达愿望不能实现的事情。regret pity bad„ a）标志结构：if only
I might have done sth if„ 90.1.A12/93.5.15 G）答案中陈述客观事实做答 98.8.国内13/98.10.19
建议题型：
第二句的建议为考点 97、1、18/97、5、8 一般参考第二句的建议
1）Why don’t you „? 建议 Why didn’t you„? 责备
2）You’d better trust him.你该相信他 You should no better than to 你本该做„ 3)hy not do„?
4)what if „? 要是这么做会„? 5)How does„sound
6)Shouldn’t „do sth? 7)What would you see to„? 你对„怎么看? 8)Have you check with sb? 有没有问过„? Have you checked sp? 你有没有去查过„地方? 9)What about „ / How about„? 10)Wouldn’t it be better if you do„? 你这样做不是更好吗? 11)It doesn’t hurt it you do„? 但做无妨 12）why+v.Why walk?(You should run!)Why run?(You should walk!)Why+v.表否定，“何必呢„”“干嘛呢„”
13)what do you think of„/ how do you like„征询意见
时间副词题：
1． 第二句出现的时间副词是考点（具体/抽象的时间）90、10、26/98、5、27 2． 时间副词的归纳及替换： 1）by and by do sth on short notice in next to no time in no time at all in two or three minutes in a/any moment minute
= quickly/fast second before long right now/away/off 2）before hand in advance = 提前 ahead of time 3）every now and then every so often every once in a while = 偶尔，有时 occasionally, sometimes at certain time on certain prrastion from time to time on and off at times
4）one step at a time
gradually A by A 结构：step / bot / little / word / piece / inch / line 5）weekly, each, yearly = every monthly 6）barely rarely hardly scarcely little 让某人做某事题：
1． 核心结构：have sb do sth / gey sb to do sth 2． 听清人名最重要 97.5.14/97.8.5 Oh,so题： 89．10．35/97、5、30 赞同题型：
标志结构：isn’t he ever„ 表示赞同 isn’t he although„
98．8．国内.8/89.1.30 偏词汇题型(生词)1.听到什么不选什么,答案中一般不带第二句的原词为对.96.1.NA.18 2.生词的意思,根据第二句问句猜意义 96.10.26 典型语气题: 1.重读,多表示抱怨、责备、不满意的语气
2.考语气词，一般出现在第二句开头 96、8、4/5 3.考语调：升调表示怀疑或不同意见，96、1、国内、23
降调表示肯定或加强语气，96、8、8/16 重复反问题型
第二句用反问语气说第一个人的话，再说出自己的话，考点为第二个人的第二句 话，一般为进一步强调或提出意见。如果听见的重复反问词为adj.，则表示加强
语气，进一步强调。如果不是adj.，则表示提出疑问。90．5．23/26 Would you mind题型 89.8.32 回答有两种： a）直接回答： not at all not at little not in the least not in the slightest b)间接回答（肯定表示反对）
Can you see I’m in the middle of sth / doing sth?(你没见我正在用„)
It’s on loan to sb.(„借给别人了)否定转移题型：
I didn’t take Tom to swim in the pool yesterday.重读Tom, 表示没带Tom 去游泳。
重读 yesterday, 表示带Tom 去游泳，但不是昨天。重读 pool，表示带Tom去游泳，但不是在游泳池。
重读 swim，表示带Tom昨天去了游泳池，但不是去游泳。这类题，否定与重读一致。Mystory题型（90、8、32）
How she managed to do it„后半句变化如下： Is a mystory to me.Is over my head.Is beyond me/my understand, Is sth I’ll never understand/figure out.Make no sense to me.提醒模式
I don’t imagine„
You haven’t done sth, have you? I was wondering if„? I don’t think„
老题十大名段： 91．5．C1：打工段 打工职责，打工感受 规律：1）找工作步骤：
check the paper(job opening)
telephone inquiry(position available time for appointment)intereview(hour salary experience)job offer(accept turn down)2）习语：
earn the bread 挣钱
bring home the bacom 挣钱
bread and butter 指生活所需品
91．1．C1：新生培训段落（oriontation）
学生思维：三大抱怨：学费上涨；食堂、宿舍太差；考试、作业、课程太多太 难
对学校相关机构评价：喜欢/不喜欢 90．5．C1：课外活动段 听的习惯：边听边看选项 与热门话题的结合：环保
93．5．C1/94、10、1 找房场景（housing）规律：住宿舍：太小，地脏，太吵，太严 tiny room空间
住公寓：太贵，东西老坏，室友难处 We can’t afford a lot.东西老坏：fix repair teilet telephone 室友：neat considerate 抱怨
修理：window is stack 窗户打不开 the sink will be clogged 水池堵了 pipe will be clogged 管道不通 wiring 电线出问题
shutter→loose 百叶窗松了 修不如买的说法：
trade it in for sth stock up on sth invest in cash in on sth pay by instalment 分期付款
down payment（分期付款的）头期 advance payment 预付某人 deposit 押金 特殊背景
92．5．C3/93、1、C3 实习段落
女生去实习，结合热门话题：保护濒危动物
题型：实习专业，女生感受，实习职责，男生疑问 职业场景要注意职业套话：开头，结尾 91．1．C2 论文段：
题型：题目难定，资料难找，打字困难 91．8．C2 缺课类 0 题型：缺课原因，所缺内容，愚蠢问题（男生）89．10．C1 评价教授与课程 评价好与坏的常用词汇：习惯用语：
1． By all means boring.(by all means = certainly)By no means interesting.(by no means ? in no way)2． Leave much to be desired(=not good)3． Leave nothing to improved(=terrific)4． It’s anything but interesting.(it’s angything but = not at all)It’s nothing but interesting.(it’s nothing but = very)5． It’s nothing short of brilliance.(nothing short of = full of)6． It’s not in the least brilliance.(not in the least = not at all)表示好的：
fascinating fabulous stimulating catching impressive thought-provoking inspiring 表示不好的：
Keep watching the clock.I keep counting the time/minutes.doze off I couldn’t catch./follow/figure out/make any sense out of it/make heads or tails of it.I can hardly stay awake/alert.I can hardly keep awake/alert.I can hardly concerntrate.89.1.C1 选课段
选课规律：先选入门课；再上高级课；不管怎么选，教授先同意。
特色词汇：入门课：intro course basic course prorequisite course 高级?：upper-lever course advanced course 报名上的„课：sign up for register„ 上„课：take 旁听：audit 退课：drop/refund„
教授同意：approval permission signature 选修课：optional course 必修课：required course 免选修课：waive one’s requirement 有学分课：credit course 无学分课：non-credit course 转学分：transfer 90.1.C1/89.1.C2 复合型段子（谈专业的讲课段）听专业内容，原文做答
开头，结尾，强调，解释，所有套话。92．1．C2 体育类段子
运动的目的：锻炼而不是比赛
for exersice for enjoy for relax 注意事项、细节
90．5．C3/90、8、C3：发明史段子： 顺序对应（问题与文章顺序对应）人名与时间
新技术（产品、趋势、发展、发明、事物）advantages disadvantages usages 发展史十大信号词: history development origih features characteristics invention creation innoration evolution 以上答案中有the +~+of，以上十词中的一个，就是正确答案，一般这种词出现
在该段大TOPIC题中。环境类段子：
1． 环境污染的巨大危害：damage worsen degrade 2． 造成污染的原因：农药、杀虫剂使用的残余（residue）及颗粒（particle）对人类的危害 3． 解决办法
TOEFL中十大抱怨语（某个单词的重读）抱怨选课多
‘enough of it 抱怨考试难
It was ‘supporsed to be easy.抱怨物价高
‘Some bargain.抱怨老下雨（在picnic场景中）It ‘never fails.邮局场景，抱怨邮政服务不满意 It took ‘forever to arrive.抱怨某事值不值得做
It was hardly worth sth.男生没钱场景
I never seem to have enough money.噪音场景
There is not a whole lot you can do.市内噪音场景
The noise drive sb crazy/mad/nuts/out of one’s mind/up to wall.新题十大场景系列 课堂学习篇
1． Note场景（笔记场景）
规律：记笔记，考笔记，借笔记，字难认
搞不懂：understand make sense figure out 考笔记：be losed on 字难认：make out recognize习语：take nokes write down take down put down jot down（非常潦草 的写下）„base on the notes illegible Could you borrow me your notes ? Could I lend your notes? Could I use your notes? Could you let me use your notes?
2． 作业场景：
规律：想迟交，不可能
习语：想迟交：turn in hand in 不让迟交：extension extra time more time I want three-day extension of my paper.作业project概念：paper（论文）：essay（最短的），thesis（硕士论文），dissertation（博士论文）
team paper 学期论文 team project 学期作业 book report 读书报告
lab report 实验报告 presentation 发言 assignment 作业
3． 论文场景：
规律：题目难定（太大）：broad too broad a topic to write 资料难找（太多）：too much material to cover 多找教授（时间）：avilable 打字困难（机房）(结合computer room场景)：机少人多想买电脑
电脑词汇：word processor文字处理器（电脑）save it on disk存在硬盘上
save a backup存备份 break down电脑坏了 wiped out（由于停电文件）被冲 掉 laptop笔记本电脑 desktop台式电脑 ink jet喷墨式打印机 有点眉目很高兴，教授还得先同意。
习语：have trouble doing have problem doing have pert-time doing have difficulty doing
缩小题目：narrow down the topic 教授同意：approval permission signature
4．考试场景：
规律：永远难 worse supposed to be easy , but turned out to be difficult.（原本应该容易，但是很难 不推迟 delay postpone put it out 分数低 perfect grate 满分（5分制的）passing grate 及格 failing 不及格
不好受（心情）down feel down
5．熬夜场景：
规律：常熬夜（男）be uo 不熬夜（女）wise 喝咖啡（男）不想戒（男）思路：不赞成熬夜习语：night and day work against/around the clock stay/be/sit up on night doing sth make a night of it（熬夜学习）
6．评价教授场景：
小对话评价：一般不好。段落题评价：一般较好。
规律：不迟到，不早退，常拖课。要求严，出题难，给分低。
特色表达：见老题十大名段的“评价教授“。
Think much/little of sb look up to sb崇拜某人 look down upon sb看不
起某人
He is somrthing/big potato.他真了不起 He is nothing/small potato.他 可不怎么样。
89.8.16 89.10.C1 96.12.1 关于讲课：考点：主题，观点，强调，解释（89.1.C2.41-45）
7． 课桌场景：
规律：乱，找不着，是否清理 clear off 1）． 与家具有关，学生常会move 2）． 课桌上一定乱，找不到东西要整理
8． 书店场景：
规律：有买/没有买 avilable 有货/没有货 in stock out of stock run out of缺货
印/不印 in print out of print 过时与否 date it current平装/精装 paper back hard back
9． 图书馆场景：
规律：还书是否及时 return 注意时间状语 是否罚款 fine
10．选课场景（注意词汇）
1）先学入门课，后上高级课，不管怎么选，教授得同意。（89、1、C先1）2）三大顾虑：太多too much 太难too hard 有无基础basic course 3）课程太难，辛勤不好
5）少选明智，多选犯傻，时刻准备退课 drop
11．读书场景
规律：A：你觉得这本书„？/能不能读？/这么快读完？
12．选校场景：
规律：学校名气，学校性质
特色表达：reputation(public/private/community)tuition(afford)individual attention(class size)location large city Vs small town might person party animal big fish in a small pond鸡头 small fish in a big pond凤尾 13．电话场景
It’s through.接通了
Put me through to sb帮我接通某人 Listen for my phone.替我听电话
Got back to you on sth.过会儿打给你 Return the call./Call back.Dail telephone bill电话帐单 collcet call受话方付费 he’s on/off the phone他在打电话呢
The line is busy/engaged.占线
别挂电话：Don’t hang up.Hold on.Hold the line.Hang on.课外生活篇 ：
1． Housing场景： 90、8、A1 规律：住房难，不愿搬，抱怨多，怕长钱（rent），简装修，少花钱（offord），家具往哪儿摆，要开windows 词汇：sublet转租 housing-sitting看房 roomate-wanted征室友
apartment-hunting校外租房 throw wild parties疯狂举办晚会 make a fuss vaccum the room polish擦 walk the(cat„)带（猫„）散步，指带宠物
rent(afford)quietness location(on/off campus)on campus housing校内宿舍 off campus housing 校外宿舍
condition：shower/toilet
2． 失物招领场景： 96、5、8/97、8、12 turn in hand in 规律：上哪找，找到否
3． 帮忙场景： 98、10、6/96、12、3 不帮的原因
4． 外伤场景： 96、10、3/96、12、26 规律：易受伤，伤哪儿，能动吗 原因总是搬东西或者锻炼
伤势：tuist strain hurt扭伤 伤部：shoulder wrist ankle
5． 看病场景 96、1、国内、21 病人：学生
症状：永远是小病，不会是大病。（95、10、B2、词汇）A sort throat lose one’s voice ringear runny noise 治疗：take some pills take some injection/shots drink lots of water have a rest take it easy take things easy 禁忌：catch（传染）
药管不管用（句型：96、1、北美、21）
习语：be admitted to hospital 住院 be released from hospital 出院
come down with 病倒了 catch„ 得了。传染病 stay away from 离（病 人）远点 wait out 伺候 fill/refill 抓药 dosage 剂量 shots 打针 在美国大部分家庭有家庭医生，家庭医生有自己的诊所，诊所中有医生本人，和 一个护士，兼做小秘。
身体好的表达：fit as a fiddle feel like a million(dollars)in the pink in good shape 身体不好的表达：under the weather out of sorts out of shape come down with sb down with a bug not look(like)oneself
6． 噪音场景 96.12.12/97.8.北美.6 规律：室内：调小音量(turn down)宿舍隔音(sound proof)意识到噪音没有(didn’t realize)室外：无能为力 96、5、18 噪音来源：交通，室友/邻居（93.10.23）影响：睡觉睡不着，学习受干扰 I can’t heat myself think.解决：rraffic：学生只能忍受，或者向学校反映，或者换地方学习
soundproof 室友/邻居：ake him to turn down the music dorm supervise / apartment manager 宿舍管理员
7． 修理场景 fix repair 思路：什么坏了，找谁修（修理工及故障的表达，96、1、北美、11），修理费 贵，修不如买（96、12、28）
结合housing场景的：厕所，电话，洗澡。window is stack 窗户打不开
the sink will be clogged水池堵了 pipe will be clogged管道堵了 wiring电线出问题
shutters→loose 百叶窗松了
8． 打工场景
四个步骤及关键词 96、5、6 打工职责、感受（段落）96、1、国内、C2/98、5、B2 面视者招聘员工：工作经验，学历
被面视者（学生）：时间、工资、经验三要素 96、5、12 hour salary experience
9． High-way场景
常塞车（怎么办）96、5、20 be tired up traaffic gam be backed up 拐错弯 96、8、24 should have turned 从哪出 get out of it 考违章 98.5.23 ticket 罚单 10．借钱还钱场景 98.10.22 不愿借，不想还，为什么
注意听语气，注意听第二句时间副词（soon later some other time）
吃喝玩乐篇
1． 音乐会场景
规律：永远好听 97、1、8/97、10、10 喜欢古典音乐，不喜欢摇滚音乐 提前买票，学生折扣 作为好坏，是否调换 去不是因为学习或考试（语气特征：不情愿）剧院座位：谈座位是否好坏，要不要换。
表达：box office 售票处 ticket line 排队买票 sold out票买完了
discount打折 orchestra section row aisle seat过道两边的位置
2． 美术馆场景： 喜欢mofern art Δ常见艺术品/艺术流派名称： 1）fresco壁画 landscape山水画 prints版画 sketch素描 water color水
彩画 draft草稿 oils油画 portrait任务肖像画
2）classism古典主义 neoclassism新古典主义 modernism现实主义
posmodernism后现代主义 realism现实主义 surrealism超现实主义 3）对大师级的人名要敏感
3． 买东西场景
规律：买什么，买了没买（虚拟语气）96.1.北美.26/96.12.22，爱便宜货（sale bargern）97.1.11 便宜：dirt/dog cheap烂便宜
good price / good deal / good bargern / good buy 价钱公道：reasonable fair affordable acceptable 价钱贵：cost cost a fortune cost a bundle cost an arm and leg sth is dear太贵了 afford we can’t afford it over priced beyond one’s
budget unbearable outrageous a rip-off a robbery 物价上涨：
1）物价年年涨，学生要抱怨，抱怨没有用。
2）便宜货：一定要买：sale bargain discount（折扣）percent off（打 折）go out og business（商场停业、歇业）
4． 和咖啡场景
规律：爱喝咖啡，喝咖啡为学习考试（不想戒），戒咖啡（因为咖啡因）a）coffee种类：instant coffee（速溶咖啡）
gourmet coffee（由咖啡豆磨制的咖啡）b）味道：aroma（闻上去很香）flavor（尝上去很香）c）做咖啡的器具：
coffee pot , coffee maker coffee spoon 咖啡勺
coffee set/service 做咖啡的全套器具 d）TOEFL的常考习语： 1.a cup of coffee 2.snack bar(快餐店)中一般用
---one coffee / two coffees 我要一杯咖啡/我要两杯咖啡 3.coffee break（美国人）休息时间 tea break（英国人）休息时间
e）基本思路：喜欢喝，怎么喝，不能喝。
ΔWould you like black coffee?(原味咖啡，在美国老美喝原味咖啡的人很 少，所以被认为很COOL)White coffee: 加牛奶的咖啡 Δcaffein 咖啡碱
----Would yuu like a cup of coffee?----„caffein.表示不能喝咖啡
or : „My doctor„ 也表示不能喝咖啡。
5． 减肥场景：
减肥必要性，减肥的效果（要坚持，多锻炼）96.10.19/97.1.5 特色表达：in perfect shave身体棒 in good condiction身体好 look great/terrific the picture of heazlthy fall of beans/engage有活力
as fit as a fiddle 胖的说法：big heavy overweight gained/put on some weight lose one’s weight keep fit keep/stay a shape fat farm减肥中心 gym健身 房
6．吃饭场景
规律：上哪吃（由谁定）it’s up to sb；爱尝鲜try sth new；喜安静prefer quiet place 上错菜98.5.2 谁请客treat 关于请客：it’s on me 记我账上 this is my treat 我请客
let me pick up the bill = let me foot the bill 我买单 pay for it
go fifty-fifty AA制 = go dutch spilt/share the cost 分摊费用
贪吃胃口好：96.1.国内.10 adventurous eater 吃饭付帐：It’s on me../ It is my treat./ Let me treat it./ Let me foot the bill.我请客
Let’s go dutch./ Lst’s splie the bill./ Shape the expense.AA制 Waiter说的话：bring the menu take the order记下点菜
I’ll be right back.我马上来 Make recommendations 推荐„ Serve the order上菜
I’ll take care of it./ I’ll see to it.上错菜时说的话
7．理发场景
规律：价钱贵，上哪理 hair salon 人太多，要预约 appointment 98.5.8 换发型，认不出 hair style 98.10.10 特色表达：teim one’s bangs修额发/流海
I want my side（鬓角）a little longer.A little longer over ears 耳朵上的长点 A little shorter back 背后的短点 Parting in the middle 中分 „ to „ left/right 左/右分
all-back 大背头 stylist发型师 hairedresser/hairsalon理发师/发廊
ripple小波浪式 pig tail粗麻花式 pony tail马尾辫 bun发吉 hair style 发型
8．养花养草场景：
花草长势如何。阳光和水份 sunlight shade water 98.8.国内.25 往哪摆：窗前、角落 97.10.13 move over the window
9．着装场景
特色词汇:98.1.北美.A2 衣服配不配场景：be perfect with go well with match a)场合：occasion场合 style 场合是否合适 formal-suit casual-jeans
b)color:TOEFL听力中有blue情结： 98.10.2 big blue深蓝 light blue浅蓝 solid blue纯蓝 navy blue海军蓝(口语中 navy)tatain the color保持颜色 the color fade/faint=lose the color掉 色
c)size:shrink缩水 too loose/baggy衣服太松 be tight on+身体部分、衣服
太紧 96.5.10 d)material中羊毛情 wool 98.8.19 It’s a good match.这衣服很配你 Down jacket 羽绒服 Wool sweater 羊毛衫
e)laundry洗衣 98.8.国内.16 I do the laindry.Stain污渍 come out with sth用„洗掉 remove洗掉 f)try on put on take off put away get out（把衣服拿出去）
10． 照片场景：96.1.NA.27/98.5.1/ test 28.C2 照片效果、用光、胶卷
专业词汇：was supposed to（本该做）wasn’t supposed to（本不该）come out = develop 冲洗胶卷 a roll of film out of focus调焦不准
film for in door/outdoor shots适用于室内卷
11．渡假场景： a）宠物场景：谁看宠物 have sb do sth 相处如何 get along with b）旅行社场景：订机[票，订房间，换不换
c）海滩场景：爱去，干什么（表达），去得了（高兴），去不了（原因：因为 没钱）95.8.1/95.12.16 California / Florida有最好的海滩 a）喜欢去
b）干什么： swimming, get suntany/catch some rays, play sea-volleyball(沙滩排球), collecting shells(捡贝壳)d）party场景：爱人多，带人来 bring sb along
e）机场场景：天气变化，航班延误
the flight was delat due to the bad weather 结合订票：book the ticket cancel confirm switch f）天气场景：天气变化常考（96.1.国内.21）：
overcast多云 shawer阵雨 pouring暴雨 blizzard highwind the rain）has run up（雨）停了
clear up放晴 warm up暖起来了 heat up升温 keep up继续 cool down凉下 来
super hot blazing hot buring hot unbearable hot freezing cold ice cold biting cold chilly cold(super cole&ice cold也常形容人的性
格)
„on end/„in a row连续„ eg:It’s rained four days on end.picnic及烧烤总在下雨天 96、8、24 天气好心情好：It’s is good to sth for a change.97.10.21 天气与着装，伴随天气里是否要加、减、收、买衣服：get out拿出去 put away收起来 98.5.12 相信天气预报 go by follow 98.8.NA.13 g）visting场景： come in/by/over stop in/by/over
= visit drop in/by/over
12．交通场景：
a）铁路场景：竞争优势：污染少，不磨损，较安全（属于新技术、新产品、新发明）b）交通违章场景：
speeding: eed limit 限速 going through the red light illegal parting c）搭车场景：提出搭车要求，回答者都是搭不上车，不给搭。Could I get a ride/left with you to„? Could you give me a ride/left to „? Could I ride with you to „?
13．邮局场景：
diliver 投递包裹 priority mail优先投递 forward寄信 registered mail 挂号信 express mail特快信
14．恋爱场景：
fall in love at first sight blind date初次约会 have chemistry来电了
go steady进展顺利 like a house on fire一日不见如隔三秋 offer my hand求婚（男）offer a hand to you帮忙 give you my hand（答应）求婚(女)break of分手
15.网球场景: 体育用品：鞋running shoes jogging shoes sneakers gym shoes 美国的普及型体育运动：tennis golf roller-skating basket ball ice hockey football橄榄球
网球：fore hand正手 back hand反手 serve/return go out of bounds ace tennis court hard court clay court grass court tennis course
女尊男卑篇：
1． 男生宿舍脏场景（女生脏，因为爱学习）选项关键词：mess dirty dump chaos 谁打扫 help sb do
2． 男生爱花钱
特色表达：spend money like water spend one’s entire bugdet go through a lot of money have money to burn money for raining days broke can’t make ends meet tight budger My name is not Rockfeller.抱怨语气：97、10、1 结合借钱、还钱场景，不借不还
女生总是让他存，但是从来不借。
3． 男生紧张场景
紧张的原因（考试、发言、宣布奖学金紧张）97、10、20 紧张的症状：twist/toss/turn/taround（辗转反侧）解决办法：practice 特色表达：too excited/nervous/restless +to stand quietly/sit still/sit quietly/stand still/be on edge/get cold feet/not set still
4． 男生害羞场景： keep sth to money 选项词：96、10、22
5． 男生的各种坏习惯：
oversleep late for class miss school fill sb in on sth drop/doze off at class not hand in the paper on time requist extension for paper（要求延期交作业）fail the examine make up the exam stay up all night
6． 女生不记仇场景： 96.1.NA.A15
7． 女生爱学习场景： mystery题型 见前笔记
爱学习的表示：哪都不去就爱学习97.1.15/98.10.1
8． 女生的各种优秀：参照男生各种缺点
9． 好女帮男场景：场景融合，组合规律。
新题十大名段： 理科类：
生物(濒危物种)98.5.C3(细节题)98.8.国内.C2 96.1.NA.C1(主线题)环保 98.10.B2 enviroment protection 自然 97.10.C3 98.8.NA.C3 新技术 96.1.国内.C3（节水）野外实习99.1.C3 结合濒危动物 文科类：
土著美国人 98.5.C1 Indian People 美国历史 97.8.C1 99.1.C1 建筑学 发明史 96.12.C1 钟表发明 发展史 96.10.C1 / 96.10.C2 课外活动 98.8.NA.C1
常见语气词总结：
吃惊系列：Bingo!有种意外的惊喜 Gee!Boy!天啊!Man!Gosh![gΛ ſ] Jususe(Christ)!wow!Dear me!My dear!Oh.my!糟糕系列：Woops!Uh-uh!Oh,no!Oh,dear!Tough luck!脏话系列：Shit!Fuck!Dummy!笨蛋！Jerk!Idiot!Ass hole!God damn!b.s!=bull shit!Bitch!Son of bitch!赞美系列：fab=fabulous!glam=glamorous!fave=faverite!
magnif=manificent!Dandy!Cool!Uttercool!Supercool!Superb!Charming!形容女人有魅力
古怪系列：odd weird bi’zarre
赞同系列：yeah yep u bet Sure thing!I’ll say And you? 否定系列：Oh,nuts!Nope!(96.1.NA.A1)讨厌系列：disgusting whew Oh,bother![Λ]
TOEFL常见缩略词：
ad = advertisement doc = doctor医生 dorm = dormitory intro course初
等课 lit course文学课 memo = memorandum备忘录，便条 info = information demo = demostration演示 flu = influenza流感 co-op学生联
合会 co-ed男女同校 pre-med医科预课 pre-school预课班 pre-school学期
班 I am preparing the TOEFL No problem.= No prob.十大小词：
I expect.我估计、推测„ I’m bet.= I’m sure.I wonder.= I’m not sure.I suspect.= I believe./ I think.I doubt.= I don’t think so.I thought.I was hoping.原以为
I was suppose to（本应该）I wasn’t suppose to（本不应该）I have a hunch.（我有种预感）I’ve got the feeling.= I think.I’m under the impression.= I recall./I remember.I have been meeuing to = I’m thinking about
习惯表达：
1．心情好场景： a）规律：
A：„最近心情好哎 B：„为什么心情好？ b）原因： 作业完成了 考试及格了 买着便宜货了
c）心情好的说法：
in high spirit high sprited in the seventh heaven walk on air on cloud nine 2．心情不好场景： a）规律：
A：„最近心情不好哎
B：„为什么不好/如何摆脱 b）原因： 作业太多 考试太难 课业繁重
c）心情不好的说法：
in a blue mood in low spirits out of spirits low spirited in a bad mood down hearted down in the mouth downbeat down in the dumps downcast downhearted
3． 生某人气的说法：get on one’s nerve eg: Don’t get on my nerve.不要惹我生气。be put out with sb for sth 就„生„的气 rab sb the wrong way 惹恼„
take it out on sb 把气出在„身上
4． 处的好的说话：
get along with sb = bit it off = on good turns = be agreeable with sb
Tom and Jerry like peasand and carrots.Tom和Jerry形影不离。
Tom and Jerry like apples and oranges.5． 小菜一碟的说法： nothing to it there is nothing to it none to speak of no big deal a piece of cake
6． 表达理所当然的说话： Is ice cold?常做为回答 Is sky blue? Does a bird fly? Does a fish swim? by all means = in any event
7． 一些短语
（一）at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟
cost sb an arm and a leg 巨贵无比，买东西大出血，非常贵 feel under weather 天气不好 get up from the wrong side of bed 心情不好
don’t let the cat of bag 不要泄露秘密，不要告诉别人 don’t let me hold the bag 不要让我背黑锅 apple of my eye 我的掌上明珠，珍贵之物 apple-polisher 马屁精
One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一个和尚担水 喝，两个和尚抬水喝，三个和尚没水喝
care for = like = be attached to = get high on sth care to = whould you like to„ care about = conceined 关心，在意
take care of 处理，负责 I’ll take care of it.我会处理的。be enthusiastic about 热衷于 be hooked on sth/sb 迷恋„ be into sth表喜欢
be onto sth 想到„，有主意
rave about 沉醉于，迷恋于（程度很深）do sth to one’s heart’s content尽兴„
be addicted to„对„上瘾（并不完全是不好的，比如非常喜欢juzz）adore喜欢（喜欢小的人、东西）adorable = cute
8． 偶遇某人：
come across run into bump into encounter happen to meet
9． 不友好的表达：
be hostile to sb be critical of sb be cynical to sb confront sb with sth找某人争执„
10．管用/不管用： it works(out)it helps it does the trick
肯定+否定 it does some good it makes difference 以上多以否定形式出现
11．一些短语
（二）as cool as a cucumber as fit as fiddle 身体健康 as healthy as a horse as strong as an ox as stupid as a donkey as stubborn as a mule 形容某人太倔了 as poor as a churche mouse as merry as a cricket 形容某人太快乐了 as proud as a pencock形容某人太骄傲 as changeable as a moon形容多变 as like as two peas 形容长的像 as easy as ABC as simple as one two three
12．健忘： slip one’s mind slip one’s memory have a short memory everything gets in one ear and out the other absent-minded
13．代替某人： take over for sb fill in for sb take the place of take one’s place fill one’s place fill one’s vacancy fill one’s shoes
14．累的说法：
be worn/fired/wipe out be out of shape be beat be run down be exhausted dog tired
15．v.+out: figure out = understand straight out = settle work out = settle，锻 炼 clean out 贪吃，把„吃光 help out 帮忙，帮成了忙 find out make out = tell watch out = look out eat out 外出吃饭= dine out
16．表示忙：
I have got my hands full.I’m up to my neck in work.I’m up to my eyes in work.I’m up to my elbm’s work.I’m up to my ears in work.I’m in the middle of the things.I’ve million things to do.I’ve a tight schedule.light schedule日程松，不忙。My schedule is tight.overwhelming I can’t fitr it into my schedule.= I can’t fit it in.be tight up in sth 被„绊住，缠住 eg: I’m tight up in meeting.Haven’t got around in doing sth
新题重点套题与段落：
套题：95.10 95.12 96.1.NA 96.1.国内 96.10 96.12 97.1 97.8 97.12 98.5 98.8.NA 98.10 99.8 99.10 2001 段落：95.8.C2.C3 95.10.B2.C3 97.12.C1.C2 95.12.C1.C2.C3 96.12.C1.C2 97.5.B2.C2 96.1.NA.B1.C1 97.1.B2.C2 97.8.C1.C3 96.1.国
内.B1.B2.C2.C3 97.10.C2.C3 96.5.B2.C2 98.1.B2.C2 98.5.B2.C1.C3 96.8.C2 96.1.B2.C1.C2 98.8.C2.C3 98.8NA.B1.B2.C1.C3 98.10.B2.C1.C2 99.1.B2.C1.C3 99.5.B1.C2.C3
第四篇：最新新东方听力笔记（精选）
最新新东方听力笔记 概述：
一． 雅思听力基本情况 可做任何标记。
分数段：12-18：4分 19-24：5分 25-30：6分 31-35：7分
36-38：8分 39-40：9分 根据难易要乘系数 二．两个误区
听懂核心词汇，掌握拼写。
极少考理解，多考记录信息点，所听即所得。三． 两个基本范围
1． survival english（社会生活，人际交往等）2． academic english（学术类，教育类，热点话题）四． 问题
1． 利用停顿时间抢读后面题目 2． 直接书写答案
3． 区分考试安排者声音，根据指导做题 4． 手眼耳并用，听看写一体 五． 雅思听力四大特点
1.国际口音：（英、美、澳）（英音50%，澳20%，美20%，其他10%）不利：习惯美音，不习惯英音，必须熟悉英音；
有利：新口音（大西洋口音，适于中国人）；动词短语不是考试重点（掌握一般程度：第一个意思即可），去掉了很多地域性的方言。
2.四段叙述：
1、3section是对话，2、4section是陈述，一般来说难度递增。
不利：a.不知道听力磁带和题目间如何建立关系——采用顺序原则(85%)：答案顺序和问题顺序一致。b.无法集中注意力（听力中不包含问题，无法对大脑产生刺激）——改变听力学习习惯，练习时应聚精会神，忌跑神和恐慌。
有利：不是每句话都要听懂，应试图听懂每一句包含答案的句子（先看题，再猜答案，然后做题）3.边听边做：
不利：a.阅读量大——要求快速阅读（技巧+能力）——速读 b.写量大——要求手眼耳并用（加强听写能力，掌握四级单词听写）有利：a.不考推理、总结、归纳题，主要考查细节，所听即所得。4.题型多样：10种题型 不利：不熟悉题型 有利：难度较低
六、听力应试策略
短期目标：1.紧扣9套题，十种题型，十种场景。
2.记补充的单词和地名。四级词汇(大学英语四级速听速记)。
3.精听六盘磁带。中期目标：1.短期任务。
2.再做一点题。听力强化最新指南，雅思听力课外强化教程，英语中级听力（关于hotel/restaurant，news不听）。
3.背单词。
长期目标：1.加强发音以及听音的训练。
2.再做一些题目。
3.精听英语中级听力。
七、听力学习方法
错误：一心多用，太过放松；边听录音边看原文；听太难的材料；
正确：1.专心致志
2.复读 3.听写
八、正确的做题思路：分析题目，有的放听；抓住细节。有效高效读完题目
九、基本要求: 背听力单词（听力、地名），做到四会：听说读写。重要场景听10遍以上，最好背过。基本题型
一、地图题（方位题，路线题）
1.看地图，先抓图例、指向标、说明文字、起始点（实质：从某一点走向另外一点，标志词entrance gate、exit、door、where he’s speaking）
2.扫描图中其他信息：街名、过道名、街区名、建筑物名 3.读题
4.听力开始后，按照听力磁带的叙述，用笔在图中随之画出路线(路线题)5.图中方向以说话人前进方向为左右，不能用自己的主观视角 地图题: 1.看例子
2.地图中常识原则（成比例）
二、一般表格题：
1.看表格的标题、图例、说明文字
2.扫描表格横纵轴（先横轴，再纵轴），从中获取有用信息，重点扫描出题格 3.只看出题空格（上看下看左看右看）4.观察题号排列，确定论述顺序
（表格中如题号排列不规则，则100%符合顺序原则）
*一般表格+多项选择：
1.扫描横纵轴。横轴抓核心词，纵轴抓内在顺序。
2.做题时小心经典陷阱——给超过需要答案的组数——抓住核心词 3.注意给的信息套数和答案配套，并注意补充选项 问：how + adj.，可用 very + adj.回答
三、判断正误并改错
1.扫描题目要求，看正确情况下的表达方式，划对勾还是true/yes/t/y(看好题目要求)2.只看出题的题干并划出核心词
3.注意旧信息和新信息的差别，旧信息指画圈的词，听其前后有无否定词（hardly、few、bare、little）。新信息是改错的答案。
4.改错的答案在形式上应与题干完全一致。5.重要在读题阶段，看到有效信息
四、问答题（和填空题是两大种难题）
1.扫描问句中的疑问代词/副词，确定“问什么”。（多是特殊疑问句wh——不能用yes/no回答）2.why——抓because,since,as,for„„ 3.划出问句中的核心词（建议划圈）。
4.注意问答题出现在1、3section 和2、4section的区别 1、3section（对话）——试卷问题与磁带中说话人的发问的是否一致 2、4section（陈述）——试卷问题与说话人反问、设问的是否一致 5.还原句子结构，变疑问句为陈述句
6．出现否定词要划下来；出现says 答案一定出现在某人说的话中； 问：how + adj.，可用 very + adj.回答
五、选择题 ㈠单项选择题
1.快速扫描题干，不看选项，画出题干中核心词
2.磁带开始后，再扫描题干（核心词），并依次扫描选项，比较四个选项之间的相同与不同（纵向扫描）3.所听即所得原则 4.一些常见做题原则：
a.顺序原则：磁带上出现好几个选项，最后一个提到的是正确答案 b.最近答案原则：选项中没有和原文完全重合的，找离原文最近的选项 c.陌生词原则：答案中有极陌生的词，一般不予考虑 d.同质相斥原则
e.何时核对答案：每个section结尾有30秒，根据印象对没有做出的选项做出判断（10-15s），剩下时间看下一个section。听力结束后，有10m抄写答案，用4m, 其它时间推敲答案。f.一般不要检查，如检查只检查是否符合常识 g.不要选择太绝对性的判断
㈡多项选择题：（选项在5个以上）（常和表格合在一起出）
1.基本解题思路和单选一致，先扫描问题划出核心词（遇到生词：a.猜测发音b.划出作为核心词）2.多选题会明确告知正确答案数量
3.注意答案写法（一个空写一个，唯一性）4.小心经典陷阱
六、填空题
㈠ 单句填空题(所给仅仅是一个句子，要求填空)1．看题：a.划核心词（否定形式要划，一定重读）b.划空前后处
2． 听题：a.注意核心词或其同义词的出现 b.抓住空前后处的出现。㈡ summary（总结填空题）
出题频率高、密度大（远高于一般的35~40s/题），难度大（听到和看到不完全一致，考同义词的转换）1.只读出题句子，并划出核心词和空前后。2.抓出现空格句子的基本结构。
3.听写时抓核心词的同义词的出现；句子结构的替换；若未听到同义词和同意句则抓反复出现的核心词 4.可以适当割肉。
5.写答案时，可以使用简写形式gym,dorm,fridge,u.s.,u.k，或开头字母，补全在每个section结尾做。6.填空关键：能不能抓住句子的基本句型结构；能不能把听到的信息记下来。（听写练习）
㈢ outline(提纲填空题)信息量比较大,但出题量不大（考验阅读水平）
1.第一遍读题时，当作阅读题来读。寻找醒目处：标题，副标题，黑体字，斜体字，下划线„„ 2.第二遍只看出题句子，并划出句子中核心词和空前后 3.听题：注意核心词或其同义词的出现；抓住空前后处的出现。4.其他同summary 经典陷阱——如果看到填空题左右有一个用英文字母表示的数字，则空中一定填阿拉伯数字 小技巧：单词拼写不会可尝试到题目中去找
七、图画题：
1.先看问题，后看图（带着问题看图）熟悉描述人物外表特征的词 2.看图看出差别来
八、搭配题(解决两组概念的联系)1.迅速浏览题目要求，看是否可以进行一一搭配
2.迅速浏览题干和选项，确定可能的搭配关系（如果题目和选项数目一致，则是一一搭配；选项少于题干，少一个则有一个选项用两次，但每个选项都会用到；选项大于题干，则每个选项最多用一次，还有没用到的选项。）
3.迅速浏览题目和选项，并划出核心词。
4.当听力磁带开始时，确定听力磁带是以题干顺序还是以选项顺序展开。如果磁带以选项顺序展开，眼睛来回扫描题干；如果以题干顺序展开，眼睛扫描选项。5.实在听不懂，则当阅读题做。找题干和选项之间的同义关系。
九、个人信息表格：考察写人名、地名、数字、专有名词的能力
1.熟悉常考的项目写法：姓名、性别、电话号码、日期。注意数字和字母的混 合编码（邮政编码、车牌号）2.扫描题干，画核心词。3.注意信息修正和非直接信息
4.分辨十几和几十：抓最后的音，确定不了猜几十
十、图例题
1.扫描题目要求，确定图例性质，看图中有无暗示说话人说话顺序的图例 2.迅速扫描图形扫描图中说明性信息，并特别关注图形中的特殊符号 3.图例题符合顺序原则，所填内容具有相同性质 4.抓依次出现的专有名词，或一些并列的动词短语
十一、其他： 次序混乱 : 1.常出现在表格题和搭配题中（summary，问答题，选择题一般不会出现）2.看次序混乱是否发生，主要看example的位置——一般在后边做题信息前出现 3.如果次序混乱出现，顺序原则失效。这时做题抓横纵轴交叉点。
高级解题思路：试图理解说话人的说话逻辑、内在逻辑
数字计算题：
1、最好的方法是写出演算过程
2、如听了一堆数字则最后一个为答案
3、男女同学争执不下时，听女同学的 推理归纳题：（少见，较难）
1、听完磁带后凭整体印象猜
2、割肉
3、回头运用技巧做题 常考场景
1、租房场景（首先辨别是租房还是买房。租房的规律为：离市中心越近，房价越高，位置稍偏，价钱会比较有吸引力，但便宜的房子一般有不理想的地方；另外电话询问看房子时：意为配备家具。）
2、课外研究场景.（主要是在课外研究一些小的项目，小的调查研究，包括对学校里各个地方，食品(咖啡、小吃)等价格的比较。对这些东西不可不屑一顾，这也是与文化背景有关，外国人注重从小培养人的实践能力，看《成长的烦恼》中那个小男孩本，研究毛毛虫那么用心就可理解了。这部分主要注意听力，特别关注的是人名，并注意先判断男女。）
3、图书馆场景考点为：使用须知、作品名称、哪年出版、作者姓名、借出费用、几时到期、欠款多少等。
4、地理场景(城市基本概况：name, population, climate, language, main industry, main attractions,advantage/disadvantage)一般是司机、导游
5、计算机房场景（计算机基本软硬件术语，网络术语）
6、选课场景course shopping（课程名称、课程安排、对语言的选择、选择级别、选课的时间和日期以及申请人）
7、新生报到会orientation talk（一般向新生介绍学校的设施，选课情况，注意事项、学校的历史，如何注册，应该做什么，不应该做什么。）
8、度假场景（度假地的选择、交通工具的选择和住处的选择，订机票、房间（细节）
9、日程活动介绍场景（包括会议、节日、组织旅游等。要避免经典陷阱，即听力原文出现的并不是所需要的答案。另外常考的是会议地点，一般是在国家的首都。）
10、个人健康场景如个人饮食计划、营养专家做健康膳食设计等。
11、授课场景（教授开讲座、学生做论文专题讨论等。）把握头尾
12、学生银行服务
13、电话留言 you have reached + 电话号码，please leave the message
optometrist 配镜师 checkup 检查
基本技巧训练
一、数字 1．电话号码
a.“0”表示方法，zero，nought, null, nil, nothing等，在ielts考试中“0”常念作“nought”；在电话号码中 “0” 读作字母”oh”,就像在单词“go”中的发音。
b.读电话号码总的规则是：国家代号、地区代号和具体号码分开来读，比如中国北京的一个电话读作86，10，87654321，对于一个特定地区的电话，一般来说只有7位或8位。7位的号码，读的时候前三位一组连在一起，后四位一组连在一起，中间有一个停顿，比如6254598读作six two five，four five nine eight；8位的号码，可以四个一组来读。
c.两个相同数字或三个相同的数字可以用double或triple来代替，比如2246555可以读作double two four，six triple five。
d.末尾出现三个零，可以按“千”来发音，如9796000读作nine seven nine six thousand e.数字加字母的组合，注意两个o和w的区别 2．门牌号 以数量读出
花园街197号——garden road one hundred and ninety seven 3.数量的分位计数
billion,million,thousand,看逗号并与之相应单位连接起来，用英文数法，先写下逗号 4.分数
分子是基数，分母是序数 分子大于1时，分母加s 5.小数 小数点读point 零点几中的零可省略，直接读point，0.25——point two five 6.百分比 percent，per cent，% 7.时间
a.具体日期（dmy或mdy）
建议：日子用阿拉伯数字，月份用缩写：jan，feb, mar, apr, may, jun,jul,aug,sept，oct,nov,dec b.上下午
am/a.m./a.m., am---错误，下午类推 c.年代
90’s/’90s/90s’ d.世纪
21世纪：c21, 21th century 8.计量和货币单位 a.计量单位
长度：meter, kilometer, mile(英里)，foot(英尺)，inch（英寸）重量：gram(克)，kilo,pound 容积：liter/litre(升)，gallon（加仑）b.货币单位
美、澳、加：u.s.dollar, australian/aus dollar, canadian/can dollar 主币：dollar，辅币：cent 英：pound, peny(pl.penies,pency)日：japanese yuan 欧元：euro 9.字母(人名、地名的听写)c(see), f(ef), g, h(eitf), n(短en音)，r[ ar)], s(es), z h/a, t/g, s/f, o/l, z/b, r/i, m/n 注：a.第一个字母大写（capital）,后面小写（small）,以小写开头会有特殊交代，有时有两个大写，如：mcdonald n.麦克唐纳（男子名）
b.’s表示所有格，有的人名中本身包含’s,如奥尼尔，飘女主人公的姓 c.(‘apostrophe n.省略符号, 呼语)rummy’s is r-u-m-m-y apostrophe s.ninth第九 twelfth第十二 twentieth第二十 ninetieth第九十(one)hundredth第一百 21/2:two and one half;two and a half 42/3our and two-thirds 0.46% : point four six per cent 年份：1840 eighteen forty 1900 nineteen hundred 1992 nineteen ninety-two 全面归纳总结
一、雅思听力基本解题思路：读、猜、听、写、查 1.读猜环节：抢时间读题，预测，猜测答案的性质和类型 2.听写环节：边听边写
3.检查环节：（1）每个section结束30秒应该抽出10—15秒检查上个section：补全简写形式；凭印象猜测答案。
（2）听力考试结束后，4分钟把答案誊写完毕，边写边检查拼写、大小写、单复数、语法。剩余六分种全面检查，推敲答案。二、十种题型 分题型做，分场景听
三、做题原则
1．顺序原则（听到多个可能是答案中，一般正确的是最后一个）2． 割肉原则：做题要有节奏感，碰到一题不会做放弃。
割肉技巧：时间、地点、人名、数字、专有名词不能放弃；抓住两边，舍弃中间。想考高分不要轻易割肉。3． 常识原则：运用常识猜题 4． 积极原则：多猜积极少猜消极。
四、基本技巧
1． 语气突变要注意（突升或突降）。
2． 雅思听力中人名注意的问题：出现人名，立即判断其性别 3． 题目中遇到生词，必须猜测它的发音
4． 做完整个section后再回头猜测不会的答案，并注意和周围example保持一致。学会看例子，从中获取有用信息。
五、常考内容：
1． 数字，人名，地名5——8题（雅思对人名的要求：掌握常见英文名的拼写，可根据人名判断性别）2． 常考语法点：a.现在完成时(推断过去情况，解释过去和现在关系)，b.定语从句，c.指代关系
六、判卷
1．听平时没背过的的人名、地名，拼写完全符合英语的发音规则，那么绝对算对 2． 考官一般以核心词有否出现作为判断正误的标志
七、考试要注意的问题
1.不是要考九分，有的题目肯定不会做 2.我不会做，别人也不会做
3.每一个section都是一个崭新的开始
4.一定要试好耳机，出现故障，不要自己动，请考官来换
第五篇：BEC中级听力词汇
7.31 & 8.4商务词汇
1.Manufacturing(生产制造)
Production line 生产线
Production line 生产线
Assembly line 装配线
Line director/ manager 线上负责人
Automated自动化的automatic machine
Manpower 人力，劳动力labor-intensive
Component 零件，组件
Overtime 加班
output产量
Shift轮班倒班
Quality control 质量监管
Batch 一批
Random sampling 随机抽样 / sample survey 抽样调查
Basic testing 基本测试inspection检测员/ inspector 检测
Glitch 差错defect 瑕疵，错误，不足
Fix / correct the glitch 解决问题
Meet the requirement/ standard
QC history 质量控制记录
QC procedures 质量控制流程
Quality Standard 质量标准 QS
Customer services 客户服务
Assemble / installation / put together
Assembly instruction
Delivery
Defer payment / delay payment / layaway 先付定金，再分批交余款，交齐后交货 Installment plan 分期付款
Customer service hotline
Break down / fail / out of order /defective
Troubleshooter 修理工 / repairman /engineer
Apologize / refund 退款/ replacement /partial refund 折旧，部分退款
Warranty /guarantee
Warranty period 质保期限
Under warranty
Lifetimewarranty 终身质保
Manual / guidebook / handbook/ pamphlet/ brochure
Membership card 会员卡/ registered user 注册用户
Subscribe 订购 / order / renew 续订
Subscriber 用户
Research and development 技术研发
2.Banking(金融)
Accounts management 账户管理
Appreciation and depreciation 货币升值/贬值Raising funds 融资活动
Stocks and securities exchange 股票及证券交易 3.Marketing(市场营销)
Marketing strategy 营销决策
Allocation of budget and resources预算及资源分配
Advertising campaign 广告宣传4.Accounting(财会)
Balance sheet 资产负债表Income statement 损益表
Cash flow statement 现金流量表Annual financial report 财务年报
背景词汇：
packing area 包装区contract 外包 delivery yard 交货区consultant 顾问 shop floor/workshop 车间investment 投资 recruitment 招聘assembly 装配
quality control 质量管理despatch 派遣，发送 diploma 文凭purchasing 采购部 certificate 证书postpone 推迟 asset 财产，优点bulk 大量 penalty clause 违约惩罚条款8.6
•Trading(贸易)
Exhibitions & fairs 会展/展销会Enquiries & quotations 询盘及报价Negotiation 谈判
Contracts & renewals 合同及续约合同
Breaches & penalty clauses违约及惩罚性条款Deliveries 发货Payments 付款
Complains & compensations 索赔及理赔 •Routine business(日常工作)
Memos & message notes 备忘录及留言条E-mail 电子邮件
Correspondence 商务函电
business document 商业单据(发货单、订单等)•Business management(企业管理)M&A 并购
Project management 项目管理
Manufacture structure 公司管理构架 •Human Resources(人力资源)Recruiting 招聘Training 培训
Performance appraisal 绩效考评Motivation 员工激励 •Public Relations(公共关系管理)
PART TWO personnel
RecruitmentRecruitment Officer/Specialist Vacant PositionPosition VacancyHR DepartmentInterviewerIntervieweeCandidate TempResume Academic/ Education BackgroundGraduation School/ YearMajorFamily BackgroundWork ExperiencePrevious JobPrevious SalaryQualificationWell-QualifiedOverqualifiedSuitableProficient/ ProficiencyBe Proficient/ Skilled InStrong PointWeak PointSalaryPay/ PaydayIncome 个人收入 revenue 国家收入 CompensationCompensation PackageAnnual leaveBonusInsuranceUnpaid/ Paid Vacation Sick LeaveMaternity LeavePersonal LeaveProbationary Period 产假 Trial Period 试用期 Evaluate/ Evaluation 评价 Work PerformanceEvaluation PeriodHiring Criteria 雇用标准 Working HoursFlexible Working HoursWorking TimeCoffee Break 茶歇时间 Overtime加班 Business Travel 出差 Business Trip出差 Training On-The-Job Training 在职培训 Hands-On Training 实践培训 Employee Training 员工培训 Promotion 升职 Demotion降职 Rise Through The RanksRelocationResignation辞职 Retirement退休 Pension养老金
Suspension停职 Turnover Rate人员流动率 Lay Off fire get your sack dismiss
Job-Hopping跳槽 8.9
company profile
affiliated company附属公司 parent company母公司 subsidiary子公司 branch office分公司 branch store分店
company structure公司架构 company history公司历史 core business核心业务 main business主营业务 diversification多样化 multinational corporation 跨国公司
enterprise企业 consortium联合财团 found/ founder创立
co-found/ co-founder 联合创办 headquarters总部 base
joint venture合资企业 partnershipoperation agreement
listed company上市公司 initial public offering stock exchange
merger收购 board meeting董事会 approve
Head-Hunter猎头公司
dividend分红 CEO
president总裁 general manager
managing director常务董事 chief of staff人事部主管 chief financial officer 首席财务官 chief operating officer 首席运营官chief technology office首席技术官counselor顾问 adviser顾问 division部门 department部门 entrepreneur企业家 management
account executive客户专员 human resources personnel manpower staff
jurisdiction职权范围 duty责任 responsibility责任 leadershipoversee supervise监督 report to述职 sales representative销售代表
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