第一篇:高考英语复习必备词汇辨析[一](推荐)
1.above all
表示“最重要的是;尤其”的意思。
例如:
The local government faces many tough problems, and above all, pollution problem.当地政府面临许多问题,但首当其冲的是污染问题。
A capable candidate should be outstanding in many ways, and above all, confidence.一个称职的竞选者应在许多方面表现突出,但最重要的是自信心。
2.according to
according to是一个短语介词,意思是“按照或根据”。
例如:
He will be punished according to the seriousness of his crime.他所受的惩罚要根据其犯罪的严重程度而定。
I will take the medicine according to the instruction.我会按说明来服药的。
我们又常常会碰到“according as”这一短语,那么这两者又有何联系呢?according as 是短语从属连词,后接从句。作“根据……而”或 “视……而定”解。例如:You will be praised or blamed according as your work is well done or not.根据你的工作表现好坏,将给予奖励或惩罚。
3.account for
这个词的意思比较多,归纳起来,有以下用法:
1).解释,说明。例如:She was unable to account for '5000.她无法解释那5000美元的去处。
2).是……产生的原因,解释为什么有(某种情况)。例如:The police tried to account for the blood spot.警察试图解释这血迹是怎么来的。
3).占。例如: Students account for 50% of our customers.在我们的顾客中,学生占了一半。
The tuition accounts for two thirds of his income.学费占了他三分之一的收入。
4.act out
表示表演出来比划着(用手势及语言表演或表达)“的意思。
例如:
The children were told to act out their favorite story.孩子们被要求表演他们最喜爱的故事。
The football fan is trying to act out the match he saw on TV.这个足球迷正试图连比带划地把他在电视上看到的比赛讲出来。
说到表演,则使人想起一个与之意思相关的另一个词组,也是高中阶段常用的词组之一,那就是”act as“,意思是充当,担任,扮演……的角色。
例如:She acted as a princess in the short play.她在这部短剧中扮演公主。
Many college students act as guides during their summer vacation.许多大学生在暑假里担任导游。
add to中的add是不及物动词,to为介词,一起构成及物动词词组,表示增加,增添的意思。
例如:
They also raise fish and poultry, thus adding to the total income.他们还养鱼,饲养家禽以增加收入。
Her son's death added to the old lady's sadness.这位老妇人因儿子之死而更加悲伤。注意区别它与add…to以及add up to 的不同含义。add…to的意思是把……加到……上去。例如:Would you please add a few notes to the article?请您给这篇文章加几条注释好吗?而add up to的意思是加起来等于,总计达。其中,add是不及物动词,up是副词,to是介词,一起构成及物动词词组。
例如:The various building programs add up to several thousand new homes.各种各样的建筑项目构筑成了几千座新屋.The total figures add up to 270.总数加起来是270。
6.adventure与venture
这两个词都有冒险的意思,都可用作名词和动词。那么它们之间究竟有何不同呢?adventure多用于褒义场合,指危险中非常激动人心的经历。
例如:He talked about his adventure in the desert.他讲述了他在沙漠中的一些冒险经历。
venture主要用于商业上的冒险和投机活动,特别指那些不是一下子发迹就是输得精光的投机活动。作动词时,还可表示冒昧,敢于的意思。
例如:
One lucky venture in Australia made his name overnight.在澳洲一次幸运的投机使他一夜成名。
I venture to say that by the year 2500 there will be men living on the moon.我敢说,到公元2500年会有人在月球上居住。
7.afford
高中课文中出现的与此单词组成的词组是afford sb.sth.,表示提供某人某物。例如:
Those efforts afforded us useful experience.这些努力使我们得到了一些有益的经验。These activities afforded him great pleasure in his old age.这些活动给他的晚年带来了很大的乐趣。
在很多场合,afford表示有经济条件做某事。
例如:
Before liberation many people could not afford to send their children to school.解放前很多人由于付不起学费而不能送孩子上学。
In those days we were too poor to afford medical treatment.那时候我们太穷,治不起病。
表示同意某一建议,安排等,意思接近consent to。
例如:We agreed to their suggestion.我们同意了他们的建议。
Under no circumstances can we agree to such a principle.在任何情况下我们都不会同意这一原则。
注意:在agree后接不同介词,词义会有所不同,如:agree with,表示同意某人的意见,我们可以说:I quite agree with him.我完全同意他的意见。又如: agree on或agree upon,它表示在某一点上取得或具有相同意见,可以说:They finally agreed upon the terms of the contract.他们最后就合同的条文达成了协议。I don't agree with you on many things.在许多问题上我同你的意见有分歧。
9.aim at
提到”aim at“这个词组,便会使人想到”aim for“这一词组,两者都表示目的是,旨在的意思,但也存在一些细微的区别。aim at 是动介型短语动词,其后可接名词,代词或动名词。它除了表示目的是,旨在的意思外,还有瞄准之意。
例如:
He aimed at the lion and fired but missed it.他对准狮子开枪,但没有击中。He picked up a stone and aimed it at the dog.他捡起一块石头朝狗扔去。
又如:We are aiming at a 50% increase in production.我们打算使产量增长百分之五十。
10.allow
allow 既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词(多用于及物动词),它主要有三种意义:
1)(1).允许;许可(1)跟名词,动名词或代词。
例如:We cannot allow such a thing.对这样的事我们不能袖手旁观。
(2)跟名(代)词+不定式。
例如:Please allow me to congratulate you on your success.请允许我祝贺你的成功。
(3)跟名词(代词)+副词
The doorman allowed us in one by one.看门人让我们一个一个地进去。
2).给予;让……有How much money does your father allow you for books?你父亲给你多少钱买书?
They allowed us twenty minutes for lunch.他们给我们二十分钟的时间吃午饭。
3).承认(1)跟名词或代词The judge allowed the claim.法官同意了这一要求.(2)跟从句The officer allowed that it was an American tank.那军官承认这是一辆美国制造的坦克。
(3)跟带不定式的复合结构You must allow yourself to be in the wrong.你必需认错。表示允许的词很多,比如: permit,let,admit等。下面我们来看一看它们之间的差别。allow指”听凭“,”不禁止“,含有消极的意味。例如:
My parents do not allow me to go out at night.我父母不允许我晚上出去。
permit指正式地”允许“或根据法律规定”许可“, 比allow来得积极。例如:
Smoking is not permitted in the cinema.电影院内禁止吸烟。
试比较:Hunting is allowed in this area, though not officially permitted.这个地区是可以狩猎的,尽管法律上不允许。而let表示”允许“、”让“,指不予以阻止或反对,它比allow更具有口语色彩。
11.answer for
”answer for“ 与 ”answer to“ 是两个比较容易混淆的词组。这两个词都是动介型短语动词,介词后接名词或代词作宾语。answer for是”对……负责“、”因……(错误)而负责“的意思。例如:
Do you think parents should have to answer for their children's behavior?你是否认为父母应对子女的行为负责?
You will have to answer for your wrongdoing one day.终有一天会你会为你的错误行动付出代价。
而”answer to“是”适应,符合“和”与……一致“等意思。
That answers precisely to our need.这正好符合我们的需要。
This is the answer to the question.这就是问题的答案。
12.a number of
表示数量短语,意思是”若干,许多,大量“,其后一般接复数可数名词。
例如:A number of scholars have done the experiment.许多学者已做了这项实验。
A number of new products have been trial-produced.许多新品已试制出来了。
注意区别它与the number of的不同用法。the number of是一名词短语,意为”……的数目“。复数的形式为the numbers of。作主语时,谓语动词应随the number的单复数变化。例如:
The number of students is increasing.学生人数正在不断增加。
The numbers of the machine parts are not available.这些机器零件的号码找不到了。
13.apply for
apply for是一个大家都很熟悉的词语,意思是”申请,请求“。
例如:I want to apply for the position.我想申请这个职位。
如果把这个词组中的for改为to,那么又是什么含义呢? ”apply to“可以表示”敷上,涂上“。
例如:Apply some medicine to his wound.在他的伤口上敷一些药。它还可用来表示”努力,专心“,相当于 ”devote…to“。
例如:He applied himself to the research.他很卖力地做此项研究。
14.ask for
表示”请求得到,请求见到“或”需要“等意。
例如:
If you get into difficulties, don't hesitate to ask for advice.你要是碰到困难,要赶紧向人请教。
They all asked for the job.他们都要求做这项工作。
A young man was here earlier, asking for Mary.一位年轻人刚刚来过这里,说要见玛丽。The matter asks for immediate attention.这件事需要立即处理。
ask是一个使用频率较高的字,在高中阶段,ask after 与ask about 也是常常容易弄错的词组。请注意它们的区别。这两个词组都表示”问候,问起“的意思。但在意义上稍有不同。ask after 一般只指对第三者的问候,ask about则既可代替ask after 指对第三者的问候,也可用来表示对对方的直接问候。例如:He asked after your health.他向你问候。He asked about me when I met him yesterday.我昨天碰到他时,他问起我的情况。
15.at all
与after all这两个是介词短语,都在句中作状语,起加强语气的作用,但其用法和意义是有区别的。前者常用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。用于否定句时,表示”根本“;用于条件句时,译为”当真,实在“。
例如:I didn't understand him at all.当时,我根本不明白他的意思。
If you want to keep your job at all, do it well.若你要保住这份工作,就得好好做。after all常常用来表示”毕竟,终究“的意思。
Don't blame him, he is a little boy after all.别责备他了,他毕竟还是个孩子。So you see I am right after all.你看,终究还是我对。
16.at a time
作”一次,每次“讲,常用于”数词+at a time“的结构中。
例如:Enter two at a time.每次进来两人。
He checked them off one at a time as they came in.他们进来时,他一个一个地核对。注意它与at one time 的区别。at one time一般指”过去某一时期,曾一度(once)“或”同时“的意思。如表示”同时",则两者可通用。例如:At one time I used to like her, but not any more.我曾一度很喜欢他,现在可不喜欢了。
第二篇:高考英语复习必备词汇辨析[五]
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2012届高考英语二轮专题复习
之必备词汇辨析
(五)1、excuse, forgive, pardon 这三个词都表示“原谅,宽恕”。excuse:“原谅”,指有意放过人们在社会,习俗方面的具体行为。如错误,疏忽或失职,不予以指责和惩罚。常用词组:excuse for原谅;excuse from/to do免除。如:
Please excuse me for using your telephone without asking permission.I thought you wouldn't mind.请原谅,我没有得到你的允许就用了你的电话,我想你不会介意吧!
The meeting lasted so long that Mr.Laurence had to excuse himself to keep an appointment.会开了好久,因此劳伦斯为了赶另一个约会,不得不请求先行离去。forgive:“饶恕,宽恕,赦免”,感情色彩较浓,表示不但放弃一切报复要求,而且打消一切复仇的心理,不再愤恨,强调主观和内心的宽恕。
She was so kind as to forgive her intimate friend who had betrayed her when she was in a great difficulty.她如此善良,竟能原谅在她处境最艰难时背叛她的挚友。
He forgave injuries so readily that he might be said to invite them.他如此爽快地宽恕了那些伤害,简直可以说,他是在招惹伤害。
pardon:“原谅,宽恕”,正式用语,指放弃处罚要求,予以赦免,尤其指由上级按法律正式赦免过失或过错。作原谅讲时,同excuse。
It became necessary to fly our lives, but we couldn't expect to be pardoned.我们有必要逃命,但我们不能指望得到宽恕。
Please pardon my asking, but isn't my text book on your desk?对不起,请问,我的课本是在你的桌子上吗?
2、easy, easily easy作副词用时,不能与easily混淆。easy作副词用时主要用于口语和习语中,常与单音节的简单动词连用。它有“轻易地,安适地,慢慢地,小心地”等含义。如:
We often talk about reducing our costs, but it is easier said than done.我们经常谈论降低成本,但说来容易做来难。
Take it easy!别紧张!
Easy come, easy go.来得容易去得快。Go easy here!走慢一点!
easily是在表示“容易地,舒适地”等意义的easy的基础上通过加后缀构成的副词。在表示“不费力地,毫无困难地”等意义时,相当于with ease。它还有“舒适地,流畅地,顺利地,很可能”等意义。如:He won the match easily.他轻而易举地赢得了比赛。The machine is running easily.机器运转得很好。He may easily be late today.今天他很可能迟到。
3、each, every 这两者都表示“每个”,有时可互换,有时却不能。
1).each可作形容词及代词,而every只能作形容词,但它可与-one,-body,-thing等构成合成代词。each 用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接,如each of them, each of the boys;而every则不能直接跟of 连接,如不可说every of them,而要说every one of them或each of them。
2).each通常用指两个人或物,而every则指三个或三个以上的人或物,不能指两者。如each end of the bridge和each side of the road中的each均不能用every代替。
3).each指一个整体中的每一个,强调个体;而every着重于全体的总和,强调整体。试比较: Each has a different book.(强调各有不同。)Here every child at the age of six can
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go to school.(侧重整体,无一例外。)
4).every另可表示“每隔”,后接基数词加复数名词,或接序数词加单数名词,如:every four weeks, every three months等,此种结构中的every不能用each代替。
4、economic, economical 两个词都可译成“经济的”,但含义不同。economic用以指与贸易、工业或财富等有关的“经济上的”或“有关经济学方面”的意义,一般用作定语。如:
They are faced with many economic problems.他们面临许多经济问题。
The country is in a bad economic state, so we must reduce profits.国家经济状况不佳,所以我们应减少利润。
economical则指与“节约”同义的“经济”,相当于not wasteful。既可指人也可指物,既可作表语也可作定语。如:
This is an economical stove.这是一种经济煤炉。
She is an economical housekeeper and feeds her family cheaply.她是一个节俭的家庭主妇,她全家的花销不大。
5、each other, one another 这两个代词词组都作“互相”解,较多地在句子中充当宾语。each other一般只用于两个人或事物之间,one another则用于超过两个人或事物的场合。试比较:Wagner and Strauss often exchanged gifts with each other.(指两者。)The members in our group learned from one another.(指超过两者。)又如:They sat down opposite to each other.他们相对而坐。They were not suited to each other.他们俩不合适。We have known one another since we were children.我们在小的时候就相互认识了。这两个词组的差别目前已不是很严格,有时可互相替换。
6、effective, efficient 这两个形容词虽然都可译成“有效的”,但含义有所不同。effective指某物有一种显著的,预期的效果或是取得了预期的效果,它还可表示“有战斗力的,得力的”的意思。如: Her efforts to improve the school have been very effective.他为改善学校而做出的努力是卓有成效的。
This machine is an effective remedy for acid indigestion.这是一种治疗胃酸过多的良药。He has become an effective assistant.他已成为一名得力的助手。
efficient主要指某人办事效率高,不浪费时间和精力等,也可指机械设备“有效率的”。如:A good leader should be both competent and efficient.一名好领导应该精明能干,办事效率高。Our efficient new machines are much cheaper to run.我们所买的高效机器运转消耗要小得多。
7、elder, older 这两个词皆是形容词的比较形式。1).elder为“年长的”,只指人,用来比较年龄长幼,尤指兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。它只能用在名词前作定语,不能用于than引导的比较状语从句。older为“年纪较大的,较老的,较旧的”,可指人也可指物,可作定语也可作表语,能用在than引导的 比较状语从句中。Which is the elder of the two sisters?两姐妹中,谁是姐姐?
The older of the two sisters led me into the sitting-room.两姐妹中的姐姐把我领进了客厅。2). eldest和oldest的区别也是如此:前者表示年龄的长幼关系,后者表示年龄及时间或年代上的长久。如: She has three children, and her eldest has just started school.她有三个孩子,最大的刚开始读书。It is the oldest building in our college.这是我们学院最旧的楼。
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8、exhausted, tired, tiresome 这三个词都与“疲劳,疲倦”有关。exhausted:“筋疲力尽的,疲惫不堪的”,语气最强。形容人因劳累过度而再无剩余精力或耐力继续做某事。在句中可作表语,状语。当它形容物,如资源等时,意为“耗尽的,用光的”。
The athletes were too much exhausted to wake easily when once asleep.运动员们疲惫不堪,一旦入睡便很难醒来。
The enemy troops being exhausted and demoralized, our troops won a series of victories.敌军疲惫不堪,士气低落,我军连战皆捷。tired:“累的,疲倦的”,普通用词,泛指由于工作紧张或其他原因导致的疲乏,在英语中,也可表示“厌倦,不耐烦。常用于下列短语:be tired of(doing)sth.厌倦做某事。I'm sure you must be tired after cycling all that distance.骑了那么远路,我想你肯定累坏了。When I first got to Wisconsin, I was tired of eating such kind of food as hamburger every day.初到威斯康星时,我对每天都吃汉堡类食品而感到厌倦。tiresome:“令人厌倦的,讨厌的”,描写毫无趣味,易让人生厌的人或事物,也指单调重复的工作使人感到疲劳。The difficulty of grasping abstract statements made my learning very tiresome.难以理解的抽象表述使我对学习感到厌烦。The lecture lasted three hours and it was really tiresome.讲座持续了三个小时,的确令人劳累。
9、electric, electrical 1).electric为“电的,用电的,带电的”,指任何电动的或发电的装置,被修饰的物体本身可带电。如: electric light, electric stove, electric piano, electric motor, electric bell。又如: Please connect the two electric wires.请将这两根电线接起来。With this electric blanket, the grandpa won't feel cold in winter.有了电热毯,到了冬天爷 爷就不觉得冷了。2). electrical为“电的,与电有关的,电气科学的”,指与电有关的事物,被修饰的词本身并不能带电。如:electrical engineer, electrical energy, electrical engineering。又如: All the electrical work was done by my younger brother.所有的电工活都由弟弟来干。He buried himself in an electrical book.他埋头读一本电学方面的书。
10、especial, special 在表示事物不寻常,过分或特殊时,这两个词可以互换使用,只是special较especial普遍。不过,我们通常用special表示一种特别的目的。如:She paid special(especial)attention to clothes.她特别讲究穿着。That's my father's special chair in his office.那是我父亲办公室的专用椅子。These are special shoes made for John.这是专门为约翰做的鞋子。
11、energy, strength, power energy为“精力,活力,能量”,指人或动物所积蓄的内在或释放的活力,也指物理学上的能量。strength为“力气,力量”发挥的内在素质与体质,也可指物理学上的强度。试比较: He has so much energy that he can work as hard as three men.(energy指精力)The successful carrying out of the work is due to his youth and energy.(energy指活力)The energy of the sun has been widely used now.(energy指能量)
All the passengers pushed the bus with all their strength, but it refused to move.(strength指力气)
As the saying goes, “Unity is strength”, let us work hard together to overcome the difficulties.(strength指强度。)power为“力,力量,能力,权力”。它是力的总称,指各种力,如电力,动力或某事物的能力。它也可指人所具有的力量,能力,权力及势力等。当指人所具有的力气时,它与strength同义。如:
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A football player needs power/strength to run with the ball.(power指体力。)
I'll do everything in my power to help that old lady.(power指能力。)Electricity gives us power and makes machines work.(power指电力。)
12、everyone, every one everyone亦作everybody,只指人。它可译作“每个人,人人,大家”。在句子中,只作主语和宾语,其后一般不跟of短语。如:He spoke so slowly that everyone could understand him.他说得很慢,每个人都能听懂。I know everyone in the college.我认识学院的每一个人。every one不仅可以指人,还可指物,即“每个(人或物),所有的”,其后可跟of短语。如:I don't know every one of them.这些人我并不是个个都认识。I have five pictures.Every one of them is very beautiful.我有五张照片,每一张都很漂亮。
13、engaged in, engaged to 1).engaged in表示“从事,忙于”,用在连系动词be后作表语,指一种状态,介词in后接表示工作、活动的名词或动名词。如: Sister Liu is engaged in making clothes for an orphan.刘大姐正忙于替一位孤儿做衣服。
2).engaged to表示“与„„订婚”,用于连系动词be,get等后作表语,用be时表示状态,用get时表示动作,介词to后接一个人的名词或代词,如: When travelling in Europe he got engaged to an Italian girl.他在欧洲旅行时与一位意大利女孩订婚了。Shelley is engaged to Scott.雪利与斯高特订婚了。
14、except, except for, excepting 这三个词都表示“除„„之外“的意思,其含义和用法有别。except是一个介词,指从整体里“减去”一部分,与介词besides(“除了„„还”)相对。其后可接名词,代词,副词,介词短语等。如:
All except Comrade Wang are present.除了王同志全体都到了。I looked everywhere except there.除了那里以外,我到处都看了。I went nowhere except to the factory.除了去工厂外,我哪儿都没去。
His books seem to be everywhere except where they ought to be.他的书似乎放得都不是地方。
except for是一短语介词,常常用来引述一个相反的原因或细节,因而部分地修正了句中的主要意义。如:
This machine is of a new type except for a few short-comings here and there.这台机器是新型的,除了某些地方有些缺点。
Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.你的作文除了少许拼写错误外,写得很好。
excepting是分词介词,一般用于句首或not, without, always等后面,其后多接名词或代词。如:
There is nobody in the room excepting John.除了约翰外,房子里没有其他人。
Everybody must study, not excepting those who have a better grasp of Marxism.每个人都必须学习,对马克思主义懂得较多的人也不例外。
Excepting Sundays the stores are open daily.除星期日以外,这些商店每天都开门。
15、English, the English 1).English指英国人的国语“英语”,如learn English, speak English。the English指某种特别的英语,如the English of Shakespeare(莎士比亚的英语),the English of the sixteenth century(16世纪的英语)。又如: What's the English for the Chinese?(相当于the English word。)The book is translated from the English.(相当于the English
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original。)
2).the English还可作“英国人”解,指总称,被看作为复数名词。如: The English drink more tea than any other nation.英国人比其他民族更爱喝茶。The English have a wonderful sense of humor.英国人非常有幽默感。
16、exhibit, exhibition exhibit在用作名词时,往往与exhibition混淆。其实它们的词义是不同的。exhibit表示一件或一宗“展览品,陈列品”,构成exhibition(展览会)的一部分,有时可以指小型的“展览会”。如:Don't touch the exhibits!勿摸展品!We visited an exhibit of oil painting yesterday.我们昨天参观了油画展览。
exhibition主要表示一种大型的“展览会”,如商品,珍品或艺术品展览会等,它亦可表示一种“展览”或“表演”的动作。
In Beijing they went to the art exhibition.在北京,他们去参加了美术展览会。The country holds an economic and trade exhibition every year.这个国家每年举行一次经贸展览会。They placed artistic handcrafts on exhibition last month.他们上个月展出了手工艺品。An exhibition match of Ping Pong will take place next week.下星期将举行一次乒乓表演赛。
17、enter, enter into 这两者都可指“进入”。
1).enter可作及物动词,一般指进入一个具体地点或事物,如场所,建筑物等。它也可指“参加”,含有到里面去工作或学习等意思,如参加战争,军队,入学,入院等:enter the room / town / shop / party / army / war / university / hospital。
2).enter into常用于抽象或借喻的说法中,如进入生活,谈话,讨论,解释及参加某项活动等:enter into public life/conversation/discussion/explanation/politics。enter into也可用于特别强调深入某具体场所或某物的场合。如:We entered into a woody mountain.我们置身于一个树木繁多的山林中。Some poison has entered into his body.一些毒素已侵入他的体内。
18、even, even though, though 这一组词十分容易混淆。
1).even是副词,作“甚至”解,用来强调语气。它在句中的位置应靠近所强调的词或短语,否则会引起歧 义。体会以下各句意思: She would not even enter my room.她甚至不进我的房间。Even she would not enter my room.甚至连她也不进我的房间。She would not enter even my room.她甚至连我的房间也不进来。
2).even though(= even if)和though都为连词,前者为“即使,纵使”,表示退一步设想,引导一个条件状语从句,含有不肯定的意味;后者为“虽然”,引导一个让步状语从句,表示的是一种事实。
参见下列两个例句,前一句表示一种设想与假设,后一句表示“他确实知道”的事实。He will not tell us the secret, even though/even if he knows it.即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。He will not tell us the secret though he knows it.虽然他知道这个秘密,但却不肯说出来。
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第三篇:词汇辨析
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词汇辨析
(五)up to date,update,to date
这三个词看来相似,也有关连,但涵义及用法截然不同。
Up to date(或 up-to-date)是形容词,可作定语或表语,解作“新式的”、“现代的”、“到目前为止最新的(latest)”。例:
On the outskirts of the city,we saw many up-to-date bungalows. 在市郊,我们看到很多新型的平房。Bring the ledger up to date. 把最新近的账目记在账本上。
The exhibition featured many most up-to-date inventions. 展览会的特色是众多的最新发明品。
Up to date也可用作解“获最新资讯”,如: I'll keep you up to date with any news. 我有最新消息就让你知道。
I am very up to date in terms of economic trends. 我对经济趋势的认识绝不落伍。
Update一般作动词用,也可用作名词,意为“更新”、“使跟上最新近的发展”,相当于to bring…up to date,如: His job is to update the ledgers. 他的工作是更新账簿上的账目。
The radio broadcasts news updates every hour. 电台每小时播出最新新闻。
To date是状语,意为“直至目前为止”(up to the present moment)。用法如下:
Only two have handed in their application forms to date. 到目前为止,只有两个人交来了申请表格。
To date,the government has spent billions of dollars on the project. 至现时,政府已为该项工程花费了数十亿元。
值得留意的是:因为to date是指从以往到现今的一段时间,主句的动词要用完成时态。
wood与woods
Wood的使用范围较广,它可以表示“木”、“木材”、“树木”、“树林”等义;而woods一般只作“树林”解。好读书教育
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在表示“木料”、“木材”之意时,wood是物质名词,前面不能加a,wood也不能用复数形式。例:
All the furniture here is made of wood. 这里所有的家具都是木制的。The wood is rotting. 木头在腐烂。
The woodcutter collected two bundles of wood. 樵夫收集了两捆木柴。
此外,wood解作“木料”时可作形容词,指“与木材有关的”或“木制的”;例: This is a wood plane. 这是把刨木用的刨。
This is a wood/wooden chair. 这是把木造的椅。
表示“树林”之意时,英国人用a wood,而美国人(特别是在口语中)则用a woods。与woods搭配的动词既可用单数形式,亦可用复数形式。There is a wood(s)near the house. 房子附近有片树林。
I'm fond of strolling in the wood. 我喜欢在树林里散步。
We came upon a clearing in the woods. 我们在树林里见到一片空地。
在英语中,wood(s)的成语用法不少,常见的有: cannot see the wood for the trees 见树不见林(即:因过于琐细反而不能顾及大体)dead wood 废物、冗员
out of the wood(s)脱离险境(或困难)touch wood 用手触摸木头(自夸幸运之后的迷信动作)take to the woods 逃入树林(即:躲避责任)
take a chair与take the chair
这两个片语的意思并不相同。
Take a chair的意思是“坐下”、“坐在椅上”;chair 之前用不定冠词。例: Please take a chair.
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请坐。
Won't you take a chair?
为什么不坐啊?
Take the chair的意思是“开会”或“主持会议”。chair之前用定冠词。例: Who will take the chair today? 今日谁主持会议?
Mr.Li takes the chair today.??? 今日是李先生当主席。
另外,hold the chair却表示担任教授一职,例如She holds the chair of chemistry in the university。
值得我们注意的是,在英语中,许多片语由于用了不同的冠词而表示大不相同的涵义。例如:
within an hour 在一小时内(即在六十分钟之内)
within the hour 在这一个小时内(如某人在四点三刻说这句话,意思就是指在五点之前,而不是指四点三刻到五点三刻)
for the moment 目前;当这个时候(= at the moment)for a moment 片刻;一会儿 in the family way 怀孕;有喜
in a family way 不拘礼节(注意,在美国,in a family way)亦可以作“怀孕”解
not all,not any,not both,not either
这四个片语在涵义上各不相同。
not all的意思是“非全体”,相当于only some;not any的意思是“全不”,相当于none;not both作“仅一个”解,相当于only one;not either作“两个都个”解,相当于neither. 请对比下列各句:
I do not know all of them.
我仅认识他们之中的几个人(或一部分人)。I do not know any of them. 这些人我一个都不认识。
I do not know both of them. 在这两个人中,我只认识一个。I do not know either of them. 这两个人我一个也不认识。上面四个句子亦可改写为: I know some of them.
I know none of them.
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I know only one of them. I know neither of them.
值得注意的是,not all指“并不是所有的…都…”,not both指“并不是两个…都…”。在英语中,它们称为“部分否定”(partial negation)。另有一些英语副词和not 搭配使用时,也是表示类似的涵义。例: not always=sometimes not everywhere = somewhere not entirely=somewhat not wholly=in some degree/to some extent
of age,of an age,of the age
这三个片语的意义各不相同。
Of age是“成年”,其对语是under age“未成年”。例:
You are of age now.
你现在是成年人了。
In some countries boys come of age at sixteen. 在某些国家,男孩是十六岁成年。
Of an age是“同年”或“到了…年龄”。例: John and I are of an age. 约翰和我是同年。
Mary,you are of and age to understand such things!玛丽,你现在这么大,应该懂得这种事了!
Of the age是“当代的”、“近代的”。例: He is one of the greatest poets of the age. 他是当代最伟大的诗人之一。
You must know the spirit of the age. 你必须知道这个时代的精神是什么。
顺便在此提一句,(for)ages和(for)an age的意义完全相同,都是表示“很久”之意。例:
They kept me waiting for ages(or for an age). 他们叫我等了很长很长的时间。
It took ages/an age for them to arrive. 他们需要很长很长的时间才到达。好读书教育
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older与elder
这两个词都是形容词old的比较级,但词义和用法有所不同。
(一)older专指年龄的大小而言,既可用于一个家庭成员之间,又可用于非同一家庭成员之间;elder专用于同一个家庭成员之间的比较,有时用作转义,指职位、身份较高的人。例:
He is older than his brother. 他比他的兄弟年长。
Mr.Chen is older than I by two years. 陈先生比我大两年。
Tom is my elder brother. 汤姆是我的哥哥。
My elder brother is twelve years older than I. 我的哥哥比我大十二岁。
You are all elder statesmen. 你们都是政治元老/资深政客。
Tom,you should be humble enough.They are all our elders. 汤姆,你要谦虚些,他们都是我们的长辈。
(二)older只能用作形容词,常与than连用;elder 既可作形容词,又可作名词,它决不能和than连用(例句见上)。
(三)在美国,“哥哥”、“姐姐”有人用older brother 和older sister,而不用elder brother(sister)。
下面是初学英语的人常犯的错误: She is the older of the two.(错)She is the elder of the two.(对)这两个人中,她的年纪较大。He is my older.(错)He is my elder.(对)他的年龄比我大。
请注意,elder只能用来指人,不能指物;older既可以指人的年纪,也可以指物的新旧。例如:
Mary is three years older than Betty. This is the oldest temple in Hong Kong.
Oldest和eldest的区别与older和elder的区别相同。
one after another与one after the other
这两个词组的词义有差异。好读书教育
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On after another的意思是“先后”或“相继”,相当于in succession 或one by one。例:
Our factory has concluded with many counterparts in the United States,one after another,agreements of cooperation 我们的工厂先后与许多美国工厂订立了合作协约。
Many candidates of the New Territories,one after another,stood up and expressed their opinions.
许多新界的候选人一个接一个地站起来发表意见。
One after the other的意思是“交替地”,相当于alternately。例:
The college students,one after the other,expressed their opinions in the debate lessons 大学生在辩论课上轮流发表意见。
有些英美语法书说:one after another用于三者或三者以上的场合,而one after the other只能用于两者的场合。其实,实际情况并非如此。例如,在下例中: A dozen cars came out of the gate,one after another. 十多辆汽车一辆接一辆地驶出闸门。
有不少英美人士,在这种情况下,也用one after the other来表达。因为用one after the other表达时,说话人是把这些小汽车分为每“两辆”作为一组看待,两辆两辆轮流交替。用one after another时,说话人是把十几辆小汽车看作“一个连续不断的整体”,而不是以“二”作为一个单位看待。因此,one after the other也可用于指两者以上事物的场合。
应当在此补充一句,one another和each other也存在着类似的区别,但each other也可以用于三者或三者以上的场合,正如between和among一样,between亦可用于三者或三者以上的场合。
one… the other与the one… the other
这一对词组都用于指两样事物的场合,但涵义有所不同。
One…the other是“一个…另一个…”; the one…the other是“前者…后者…”,相当于the former…the latter。
试对比它们在下例的不同内涵和使用场合:
I have two sisters; one is twenty and the other is eighteen. 我有两个妹妹,一个是二十岁,另一个是十八岁。
Both my sisters are abroad; one in Burma and the other in Indonesia. 我的两个妹妹都在国外,一个在缅甸,另一个在印尼。
We have two cats,a white one and a black one;the one is larger than the other.
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我有两只猫,一只白的和一只黑的,白的比黑的那只长得大。
值得注意的是,the one现在是指前者,the other是指后者,而从前却恰好颠倒过来,the one指后者,the cther指前者
first与firstly
这两个词的意义很近似,又都有“首先”、“第一”之意,但使用场合不尽一致。
First的使用范围较大,可以作名词、形容词和副词,有时还可以代替firstly使用;firstly的运用范围较小,只能作副词,用于列举事实或理由的场合。
汉语里的“首先”、“第一”,在英语中是firstly、first of all、in the first place或干脆说first;但汉语中的“最后一点”,英语里却不说last,而是说lastly或last of all,这是应当记住的。
下面是first和firstly通用的例句: First(or Firstly),we dice the pork and marinate it and,second(or secondly),we prepare the dough for the pie.
首先,把猪肉切成肉丁并加醃料;其次是预备做馅饼的麦粉。
但在下列场合里,first却不可以和firstly替换使用:
We first(不能用firstly)go to Shenzhen,and then to Beijing. 我们先到深圳,然后上北京。
He who would eat the nut must first(不能用firstly)crack the shell. 要吃核果,必须先破壳。
下面是first作名词和形容词的例句:
The first of May is International Labour Day. 五月一日是国际劳动节。
The first question is whether the Government is willing to improve elementary education.
第一个问题是:政府是否愿意改造小学教育。
go to bed与go to sleep
这一对并非同义短语。
Go to bed的意思是“上床”、“就寝”,bed之前不能加定冠词the,也不能加this、that、your、my等词,因为它是固定词组。在下列的固定词组中,我们也不能加上列的词,否则意义将要改变:get to bed,put to bed,take to bed,lie in bed,out of bed等。例:
When did you go to bed last night?
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昨晚你几点钟上床?
I usually go to bed at eleven. 我通常十一点就寝。
Go to sleep的意思是“入睡”、“睡着”。因此,go to bed并不等于go to sleep。如所周知,一个失眠的人往往在go to bed之后过了很久也不能 go to sleep。例: Last night I was too excited to go to sleep. 昨晚我激动得不能入睡。
I went to sleep at two this morning!今晨两点我才睡着。
现将 go to bed和go to sleep用在一个句中,以便区别:
She usually goes to bed at nine and goes to sleep a few minutes afterwards. 她通常九点上床,几分钟后就入睡了。
hand in hand与hand to hand
这一对并不是同义短语。
Hand in hand的意思是“携手”、“手拉着手”、“与…联系”、“共同地”。例: Let's work hand in hand. 让我们携手合作吧。
Theory should go hand in hand with practice. 理论应与实际结合。
You must to hand in hand with us. 你们必须和我们步调一致。
Hand to hand的意思是“短兵相接”。例:
On boarding enemy's vessel,the marines fought hand to hand. 登上敌船后,水兵们短兵相接。
From hand to hand的意思是“传递”:
The workers passed bricks from hand to hand in the construction site. 工人们在建筑工地上用手传递砖块。
注:hand的短语甚多,常见的有:from hand to mouth(做一天吃一天);hand over fist(快速而大量地);on all hands(四面八方)。
hardly与scarcely
这一对副词都同样“几乎不”、“几乎没有”的否定意味,但涵义重心有细微的差异。
Hardly强调“困难”,指程度而言,常用以修饰表示能力的词,与can、ever、any等词连用。
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He hardly knew what to say. 他简直不知道说什么才好。
I can hardly believe that some socialites and dignitaries are involved in syndicated crime.
我简直不能相信,一些社会名流,达官政要竟然涉及集团罪行。
scarcely强调“不足”,主要指数量而言,常与enough、sufficient、any或数词连用。例:
When he played the piano he was scarcely four years old. 他懂得弹钢琴还不满四岁。
The tram was so crowded that there was scarcely sufficient room for you. 电车上十分拥挤,几乎没有你立足之地。
At midnight,scarcely any taxi could be found in the streets. 午夜时分,街上几乎看不到一辆的士。
请注意,在表示“一…就…”的涵义时,hardly…when…和scarcely…before…,可互换
使用。当hardly或scarcely放在句首时,主句中的主语和辅助动词的次序要颠倒。例如: Hardly(or Scarcely)had I entered the station when(or before)the last train left.
我刚进入火车站不久,火车就开走了。
during与for
介词for引导时间状语时,很易和during混淆不清。它们的区别如下:
(一)during用在已知的时期、节日或表示时间观念的名词之前,其后通常接the、this、that、these、those、my、your、his……等词。例: during the last four days(the spring of 1995)during the winter(war,economic crisis of 1929)during that time(the course of the play)during my holidays(summer vacation)during her absence(interview)
during our stay in Japan(their visit here)
而for则用以表示“有限的”或“无限的”时间概念,通常其后接冠词、数词,复数名词或副词ever。例如:
for the first time(a time,a while)for a couple of weeks(days)
for two months(weeks)
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for years(months)for ever(ages)
(二)during的涵义是“当……之际”,它既可指某个动作在某个时期里连续不断地进行,也可以指某个动作在这段时期里的某个时间发生。如:
He was sick for a week and during that week he was placed in an infirmary. 他病了一个星期,在这个星期里,他住在护养院。
It snowed all day but stopped snowing during that night. 下了一整天雪,到晚上才停了。
而for的涵义是指某个动作在某个时期里处于连续不断的状态。如: They worked for the whole day. 他们干了一整天。
在某些场合下,for含有“预先安排”或“为了某一目的”之涵义。表示此意味时,大都和come、go、stay、lend、rent、hire等词连用。例: I went to Europe for the holidays. 我到欧洲度假去了。
They will stay with us for the New Year. 他们将和我们在一起,共度新年。We're off for our honeymoon.
我们要去度蜜月。
May I borrow your camera for Christmas? 我可否借你的照相机在圣诞节时使用?
by oneself,for oneself,in oneself,of oneself?
这四个词组的意义有所不同。
By oneself的意思是“单独地”、“靠自己地”(alone or independently)。例: His father lives by himself in the village. 他的父亲独自一个人住在村里。
All his friends have deserted him and he is all by himself now. 他所有的朋友都离弃他,现在他孤独一人。
For oneself的意义为“为自己”(for himself or for herself)。例: One should not live only for oneself.
人不应单为自己而活。
In oneself的意思是“就其本身或本性而言”。例: This wood is hard in itself. 这种木头本要就是硬的。
Of oneself的意思是“自然地”、“自发地”、“自动地”(of one's own accord)。例:
Every day I awake of myself at half past five.
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每天早上我都是五点半就自己醒来。The door opened of itself. 门是自己开的。
The fire went out of itself. 火自己熄灭了。
与上列四个短语相类似的还有两个词组,即beside oneself和 to oneself,前者义:“失常”、“发狂”;后者是“独自占有或享用”。例: He was beside himself with joy. 他欣喜若狂。
When one dines in a restaurant,one likes a table to oneself. 人们在饭店吃饭时,总是喜欢独占一桌。
Oneself和 one's self的区别也是值得我们注意的。Oneself是反身强调代词,意指自己;one's self则是代词加名词,意指个人的本性。它们的区别如同myself和my self;yourself和your self ;himself和his self;ourselves 和our selves ;themselves和their selves一样。例: She made a cup of tea for herself. 她为自己烧了一杯茶。
She looked just like her old self. 她看上去和从前依然一模一样。
请注意,myself可以在句中表示me的涵义,这是其他反身代词所没有的特性。例:
They invited my father and myself(=me)to their party. 他们邀请我父亲和我参加他们的聚会。
He saw neither myself nor Mary in the street. 在马路上他既没有看见我,也没有看见玛丽。
China与china
这两个词都是名词,读音相同,但意义有别。
China(首字母大写)是“中国”,指 the People's Republic of China;china(首字母小写)是“瓷器”,尤指优质瓷器。例: This car is made in China. 这辆汽车是中国制造的。
She laid out a small tray with the best china on the table. 她把盛着上等瓷具的小托盆放在桌上。
与之类似区别的词有: Turkey 土耳其 turkey 火鸡 Japan日本
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japan 漆;(日本式)漆器 Guinea 几内亚
guinea 几尼(旧英车金币名,全21先令)
有趣的是,类似区别的现象不但出现于单词中,也见诸于短语里。如: in the Doldrums和 in the doldrums。前者的意思是“在Doldrums海域里”。Doldrums位于非洲海岸大西洋内,是个热带无风带。该海域的特点为,当大西洋其他地区刮大风时,海浪滔天,而the Doldrums 海面依旧平静如常,后来人们由此而引伸出另一个意义,当他们感到“意志消沉”、“毫无生气”或“闷闷不乐”时,就用 to be in the doldrums这个短语来表示。现在请对比 in the Doldrums和 in the doldrums在下列句中的不同涵义:
Our ocean liner is now sailing in the Doldrums. 我们的轮船现在正在Doldrums海域航行。
Recently,trade appeared to be in the doldrums.近来商业一片萧条。
You look as though you were in the doldrums.Cheer up!看来你的意志颇消沉,振作点吧!
close与near
用作形容词时,close很易与near混淆不清。
Close的意思是“紧接时”、“靠近时”、“近傍时”,涵义比near强。它既可以指地点、时间和次序上的接近,也可以指感情上的接近。例: My house is close to the public library. 我的家靠近公共图书馆。
The examination is close at hand. 考期已逼近。
She is close with him:They are very close friends. 她和他很亲密:他门是很亲密的朋友。First cousins are close relatives. 堂/表兄弟是近亲。
His father is close on ninety years of age. 他的父亲将近九十岁。
Close to 4,000 young men and women took part in this sportsmeet. 大约有四千名男女青年参加了这个运动会。
Near有时可以和close互换使用,但涵义比close弱。例如:我们形容两幢相近可见的房屋时,用near;而形容屋檐相接的两幢房屋时,则用close。因此,near并不像close具有紧接的意味,而是用以指距离较近或不久将要发生和实现之事。near有时亦可指关系和感情的密切。例:
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In Hong Kong,residential houses are quite near(to)the airport 在香港住宅很接近机场。
Is Tiger Balm Garden near or far? 虎豹别墅离这里是近还是远?
In the near future they can complete this arduous task. 在不久的将来,他们就可以完成这项艰巨的任务。All of them are my near relations. 他们都是我的近亲。
Near有时还可用以表示“吝啬”的意味。例: He is very near with his money. 他很吝啬。
请注意,“近视眼”是near-sighted,不用close,“近东”是the Near East,也不能用close。
college,institute,university
这三个词都能表示“高等学府”之义,但内涵和使用场合有所不同。
一般说来,college译作“学院”,它是university(大学)的一个组成部分,例如,一所综合大学里设有文学院、理学院、医学院等,故一所大学往往是由多所较小的college合并而成。值得注意的是,在英国,大学称为university,而在美国大学称为college;有些规模较小的大学也可称之为junior college。
“学院”一字的英语对应词很多,除了college之外,尚有institute,academy,school,conservatory,centre和faculty等字,例如以前的上海和北京的外语学院均用institute一词,麻省理工学院(MIT)也叫institute;美国的西点军校用academy;独立的音乐学院或大学多用conservatory或academy(欧洲多用);但一所大学内的音乐学院则叫School of Music或College of Music。西方有些医学院称之为medical centre;英国大学的学院则大都用school,如London School of Economics,较小的学院称为faculty,如Faculty of Science、Faculty of Arts,而神学院则用seminary一词。
Institute一般也译作“学院”,但它着重表示单科的或专科性的院校,例如,在中国,一般的铁道、航空、邮电、美术等学院均用institute一词。值得注意的是,世界著名的学府MIT(麻省理工学院)是一所多学科性的大学,但它依然用institute一词,即:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,既为世人所知,就没有必要把它改称为university了。
由此可见,用词不同多因地区不同而发生:college 在美国指大学,在英国则指学院,甚至中学;所以香港的中学很少称为middle school而叫college。school一词则既指大学学院,也解作一般中小学校。
有趣的是,university一词可以和college连用。英国有个以研究英语语音学 好读书教育
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而闻名于世的学者,叫Daniel Jones,年轻时,他曾攻读于伦敦的一所称为University College School。这里的University College是专有名词,用作定语,修饰School。
concerned与concerning
这两个词的词义并不相同,用法亦有异。
Concerned是分词形容词,其意为“有关的”(involved);concerning是由分词转换而成的介词,其意为“关于”(relating to)。请看下面的例句: This agreement will be signed by the parties concemed. 此协议将由各有关方面签署。
They called on all departments concemed to take prompt steps to promote the development of light industry.
他们要求各有关部门迅速采取措施,促进轻工业发展。
由例句可见,concerned用作形容词解作“有关的”时,是后置定语,大都放在它所修饰的名词之后。但在verb“to be”之后而同样解作“关于”时,则要用be concerned with的形式,如:
This book is concerned with English usage. 此书是与英语惯用法有关。
值得注意的是,concerned(亦可表示动词之意)也可解作“关心”、“担心”解,与之搭配的介词为at、about或,用作此意时,concerned也是形容词。例: He was deeply concerned at the news. 听到这个消息时,他深为担忧。
We are all concerned about the pollution of the environment here. 对这里的环境爱到污染,我们都感到不安。
Parents are naturally conerned for their children's safety. 父母自然关心他们儿女的安全。
下面是concerning的例句:
This is a proposal concerning the construction of the new airport. 这是关于兴建新机场的一项建议。
Yesterday we wrote him a letter concerning the business arrangement. 昨天我们就业务安排问题写了一封信给他。
在个别场合下,concerned with可以和concerning互换使用,原因是从句which are concerned with中的which are 省略了。例如: We had several disputes concerning/(which are)concerned with this matter. 关于此事,我们曾争论过数次。
请注意,下列语句的区别:
They were concerned(worried)about the matter. 他们为此事而担忧。
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They were concerned(implicated)in the matter. 他们参与此事。
They were concemed(connected)with the matter. 他们与此事有关。
此外,作为特定词组,as far as I am concerned解作in my opinion;as far as sth is concerned解作concerning sth/ talking about sth。例: As far as I'm concerned,this plan is impractical. 依我来看,这个计划不切实际。
As far as funding is concerned,some banks have agreed to provide loans. 关于资金方面,一些银行同意提供贷款
第四篇:高考英语复习词义辨析要点
高考英语复习词义辨析要点
[要点巩固] 词义辨析考查的面广,该内容也是英语学习中的一个难题,欲觅简明准确的解释并非易事,考生在学习时首先应掌握其基本意思,再结合特定的语境进行比较。有鉴于此,我们将在教学中所积累的并结合高考试题,给考生提供中学英语中常见的同义词(语),易混词(语)及相似句型等方面的指点。英语中的同义词(语),易混词(语)及相似句型之间的区别,有的属英汉语意差别,有的属不同搭配表达意义不同,有的属搭配不同表达意义相同,有的属语气轻重有别,有的则属搭配范围和习惯不同等等。因此我们只能把重点放在中学英语学习过程中常见的易混、易错之处,不求面面俱到,只求对症下药,说清为止。[例题剖析] 例1 2.Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everyone in the office.A.which B.that C.this D.it 剖析:该题为非限制性定语从句,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故用 which.正确答案为A.3.The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _____ his notes.A.bring up B.referring to C.looking for D.trying on 剖析:此题考查短语动词的区别,这四个短语的基本意义为:bring up“养育、提出;吐出”,refer to“论及、说到、谈到、提及;参考、参阅、参照”,look for“寻找、寻求” try on“试穿,试戴”,根据题义:“经理在商务会议上讲了一个小时没看讲稿 ”。应选B。6.---Ow!I’ve burnt myself!---I _____ a hot pot.A.touched B.kept C.felt D.held 剖析:touch“触摸 ”,keep “保持” feel “感觉” hold“拿着”,所给的语境是“烫伤”故选A,因为触摸,才可能烫伤。
7.The old tower must be saved, _______ the cost.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever 剖析:题义:“无论什么样的代价,这座古塔一定要拯救。”whatever可表示, “无论什么”whichever“无论哪个 ”。9.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _______ be very slow.A.should B.must C.will D.can 剖析:此题考查情态动词,should“应该”,must “一定”,will“将会、总是”,can“可能”,根据题义“„„ 因为有时可能会很慢。”故选 D。
10.---People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.---_______.The roads are too crowed as it is.A.All right B.Exactly C.Go ahead D.Fine 剖析:此题考查交际用语在一定语境中的应用。all right“不错,好啊”,exactly“(用于对答)正是、一点不错”,go ahead“前进,(催促对方)先请”,fine“好的、棒的”,根据题义,表示对对方所说的完全同意,“一点不错,正是”之意,故选B。
13.My mother always gets a bit ______ if we don’t arrive when we say we will.A.anxious B.ashamed C.weak D.patient 剖析:题义“如果我们没有在我们所说的时间到达,父母就会着急。”故选:A 16.I am sure David will be able to find the library---he has a pretty good _____ of direction.1
A.idea B.feeling C.experience D.sense 剖析:idea “主意、想法”,feeling“感觉、情感”,experience“经历、经验”,sense“感觉、辨别力、判断力”,a good sense of direction“方向感很强”。故选 D。19.I couldn’t ______.The line was busy.A.go by B.go around C.get in D.get through 剖析:此题考查短语动词的区别。go by“走过、流逝”,go around“四处走走”,get in“进入、收集”get through(用于电话等)联络到”。从下句“线路很忙”,故选D。20.We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found _______ we like yet.A.one B.ones C.it D.them 剖析:此题考查代词的区别。题义“我们一直在看房子,但还没找到我们所喜欢的一套(房子)。答案为A,此处的one相当于a house,而ones相当于houses,it和them应指上文提到的同类同物。又如: Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_______ I will always treasure.(2002 NMET 35)A.that B.one C.it D.what 答案为one 相当于 a moment。意为:“......,我将永远珍惜的时刻”。例2.22.No one helped me.I did it all ____ myself.A.for B.by C.from D.to 剖析:考查介词的区别。根据题义“没人帮助我,我独自做的”。by oneself“独自地 ”,for oneself“替/ 为自己”。故选B。
23.Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game.A.why B.what C.who D.that 剖析:“Mary写了一篇关于为什么球队没有获胜的文章”。故选A。
25.We haven’t enough books for ______;some of you will have to share.A.somebody B.anybody C.everybody D.nobody 剖析:“我们没有给每人一本这么多的书,有些只能共同使用。”everyone与否定词not连用表示部分否定,“并非都„„”。故选C。另外all, both, always, every以及every构成的复合不定代词等,与not连用也表示部分否定。
26.Tom, you_____ leave all your clothes on the floor like this.A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.may not 剖析:答案为B。此题为情态动词的否定式。wouldn’t“不会 ”,mustn’t“不准、不得 ”,needn’t“不必 ”,may not“不可以”。
27.They wanted to charge $ 5,000 for the car, ____ we managed to bring the price down.A.but B.so C.when D.since 剖析:此题为连词,根据题义表示转折,故选A。31.---Oh, dear!I’ve just broken a window.---______.It can’t be helped.A.Never mind B.All right C.That’s fine D.Not at all 剖析:此题为交际用语的区别。Never mind“不要紧、没关系 ”,All right(表示同意)“好、可以 ”,That’s fine“很好”,Not at all(用来回答thank you)表示“不用谢”。故选A。(It can’t be helped.= We must accept it.你已经把它打碎了,没办法弥补了。)[实战演练]
选词填空
1.alone / lonely ①Let him _______.②I shall have a companion in the house after all these _______ years.2
答案: alone , lonely 辨析:alone可以用作形容词或副词,作形容词时,只能在句子中充当表语或宾语补足语,用来陈述“单独一人,无其他人”这样一个事实。lonely只能用作形容词,在句子中充当表语或定语,指人时,作“孤独的、寂寞的”解;指地方时作“荒凉的、人迹稀少的”解。2.accept / receive Mary _______ a gift from a friend, but she didn’t seem to ________ it.答案: received, accept 辨析:accept表示主观上“乐意接受”; receive 表示客观上“收到某物”。但receive education(接受教育), receive guests(接见客人)。3.means / way / method ①Thoughts are expressed by ________ of speech.②He always speaks in a careless ________.③He worked out the maths problem with a different ________.答案:means, way, method 辨析:这三个词都可以解释为“方法、方式、手段”。means前用介词by;其后用of+名词或动词的-ing形式。way作“方法”讲时,前面可用介词in。method一般指“(系统的)一套方法或方式”,前面用介词with.4.other / others / the other / the others / another ①We study Chinese, maths, English and ________ lessons.②I don’t want this one.Please give me ________.③She has two children.One is a boy, ________ is a girl.④Some are singing and dancing, some are drawing,and________ are climbing the hill.⑤There are fifty-five students in our class.Thirty of us are girls.____ are boys.答案:other;another;the other;others;The others 辨析:other作前置定语,修饰单数或复数名词。another用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”。the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指。others用作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其它物”。the others指整体中除去一部分后,剩余的全部。5.instead / instead of ①If you are too busy, you may come another day ________.②If you have no time, I’ll go ________ you.答案:instead;instead of 辨析:instead是副词,意思是“代替,顶替”,通常被放在句尾,也可放在句首。instead of是介词词组,意思除了“代替”外还有“而不是”之意。6.occur / happen / take place ①An idea suddenly ________ to me.②The car accident ________ yesterday.③I ________ to be out when you came here.④Great changes have ________ in my home town.答案:occurred;happened/occurred;happened;taken place 辨析:occur属较正式的用语。它可指一件偶然事件的“发生”;也可指在一定的时间“发生”、“出现”一定的事件,它还可以表示抽象事物,如思想等的“产生”,其后接to sb.时,常作“想起”、“想到”解。happen属普通用语,常用来表示偶然事件的“发生”。其后接不定式或用在 “It happened that„”句型中的时候,作“恰好”、“碰巧”、“偶然”解。take place也作“发生”解,但一般没有偶然的意味。它更常用来指一个预先安排好的事情的“发生”,常作“举行”解。7.wish / hope
①I _______it will be fine tomorrow.②I _______you success.③I _______it would be fine tomorrow.④He sent me an e-mail, _______to get further information.答案:hope;wish;wish;hoping 辨析:这两个词使用的句型不同(如①②)。hope所表示的愿望一般可以实现,wish所表示的愿望实现的可能性不大。wish 接从句时用虚拟语气。8.include / contain ①The price _______ the postage.②The parcel _______a dictionary.答案:includes;contained 辨析:两者均有“包含”、“包括”之意。但include表示所包含之物中的一部分;contain指所包含之物的全部或部分,也可表示某一种物质中含有什么成分。9.damage / destroy ①Don’t do anything that _______the relation between the two countries.②In 1941,the Germans tried to _______the city of St.Petersburg.答案:damages;destroy 辨析:damage意为“损害”、“损坏”,其破坏程度比destroy小;destroy意为“摧毁”、“毁坏”、“破坏”,含有彻底或严重毁坏,以至不复存在、无法修复、无法工作或使用之意。10.worth / worthy ①-How much is this old book _______?-It’s worth $30.②Is this book _______reading once again? ③This book is _______of being read.答案:worth;worth;worthy 辨析:worth只作表语,其后一般跟名词或动名词,若跟不定式或动名词作主语,用“It is worthwhile to do/doing”结构;worthy可作表语或定语,作表语时,其后可跟“of+名词或doing的被动形式或不定式的被动形式”,作定语是,意为“有价值的,可敬的,相称的”。11.believe / believe in ①I _______what he said.②They _______God.答案:believe;believe in 辨析:believe作及物动词是,其后可跟名词,表示“相信”;后接从句或复合宾语时,表示“认为;料想;相信”等。believe in是一个动介型短语动词,表示“信奉;信仰(指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心)”和“信任(have trust in)”。12.cost / pay / spend / take ①The furniture ______(me)6,000 yuan altogether.②Careless driving may ______you your life.③I ______ $15 for the dictionary.④How much(What)do you _______on clothes each year? ⑤It _______(us)a whole day to paint the house.答案:cost;cost;paid;spend;took 辨析:cost“价值为,值(钱)”,以物作主语,可跟双宾语或只跟直接宾语。pay“花费,支付(金钱)”,同spend一样以人作主语,但常与for, to do搭配,其后可跟宾语、单宾语或不跟宾语。spend“花费(金钱)”,与on, for连用,义同pay for;“花费(时间)”,与on,(in)doing连用;“度过(时光)”。take“需要,必要”,常以(做)某事为主语,以时间做宾语或跟双宾
语,常用在 “It takes sb some time to do sth.”的句型中。13.besides / except / but / except for ①Your composition was well written _______a few spelling mistakes.②She helps to cook and wash _______looking after the baby.③He has done everything _______what I asked him to do.④No one knows Mr.Benson’s address _______his daughter.⑤We go to the night club _______it is raining.答案:except for;besides;except;except /but;except when 辨析:but和except都表示“除„„之外,没有”,两者大多数情况下可以互换,但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one等词后多用but。except表示从整体上减去一部分,而besides还包括除去的那部分,相当于in addition to。except for意为“除了„„之外”,用于排除非同类事物,其中for表示理由或细节,订正或修正某些事实。except that用做连词,后跟从句,根据从句的需要也可用except when, except where等。14.raise / rise / lift ①She _______and left.②He _______his voice to make himself heard clearly.③The rock is too heavy to _______.答案:rose;raised;lift 辨析:raise是及物动词,意为“举起,抬起”,是lift的同义词,两者有时可以互换,只是lift比raise更口语化,更强调提重物时的费力情况,多指将某物举成垂直状态。rise 意为“升起,提高,起立”,是不及物动词,主语是人时,表示站起来;主语物时,表示某物本身移动到较高的位置或是由底向高变化的过程。15.common / ordinary / general ①Clods are _______in winter.②His _______supper consists of only bread and milk.③This book is intended for the _______reader, not for the specialist.答案:common;ordinary;general 辨析:common强调“常见的,不足为奇的”。ordinary强调“平常的,平淡无奇的”。general意为“普通的,一般的”。16.lay / lie ①You can _______your coat on the bed.②These eggs were not _______by hens but by geese.③By studying we are _______ a foundation for the future.④He _______in the bed with a bad cold yesterday.⑤He _______to his father about the amount of money he had spent.答案:lay;laid;laying;lay;lied 辨析:lay用作及物动词,表示小心地“放下”、“放平”的意思,还可以引申表示“铺设”、“设置”、“砌(砖)”、“产(卵)”、“下(蛋)”、“奠定(基础)”等意思,其过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是laid, laid, laying。lie是不及物动词,当表示“躺下”、“平躺”、“位于”、“在于”等意思时,其过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是lay, lain, lying;当表示“说谎”、“撒谎”,其后常接to sb.(about sth.),过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别是lied, lied, lying。17.one / that / the one ①His attitude to me was _______of a comrade.②I’m looking for a house and I like _______with a garden.③I like this book better than _______I read last time.答案:that;one;the one
辨析:one和that均可替代前面提到过的名词,that强调特指,且常用of连接后置定语,相当于“the+名词”; one 用于泛指,带有前置定语,相当“a(n)+名词;the one用来替代同类事物中特指的另一个,that的复数形式为 those,而 one的复数形式是 ones。另外不可数名词用 that来代替。
第五篇:寒假作业英语必修一词汇复习答案
Unit 1:
一、1.communication 2.upset 3.situation 4.editor 5.cheating 6.teenagers 7.advice 8.natural 9.reason 10.feeling
二、1.adds up 2.face to face 3.habit 4.listed 5.points 6.reason 7.shared 8.suffer 9.gone through 10.concerns herself about with
三、1. Make an effort to do sth.2.according to 3.be crazy about 4.on holiday 5.be concerned about 6.calm down 7.get on along well badly with….8.have trouble with 9.go through 10.on purpose Unit 2:
一、1.actually 2.vocabulary 3.standard 4.Apartment 5.accent 6.subways 7.directions 8.modern 9.culture 10.present
二、1-5 CABBC 6-10 DACDB Unit 3:
一、1.requested 2.stubborn 3.properly 4.transported 5.finally
6.record 7.attitude 8.cycle 9.journals 10.familiar
二、1.change her mind 2.give in 3.be treated 4.are, familiar to 5.brought up 6.determined 7.dreamed 8.so far 9.altitudes 10.record Unit 4:
一、1.organizing 2.smelly 3.burst 4.disaster 5.Fresh 6.destroyed 7.useless 8.electricity 9.Judging 10.injured
二、1-5 CCBBC 6-10 DAACA
三、1. right away 2.at an end 3.be proud of 4.a(large)number of 5.give out Unit 5:
一、1.Quality 2.continued 3.educated 4.reward 5.violence 6.cruelty 7.vote 8.position 9.active 10.prison
二、1.advised;on 2.are out of work 3.lose heart 4.Believe in;believe
5.set up 6.has;been worried about 7.can;realize 8.in trouble 9.coming to power 10.is willing to help