落花生赏析-三篇译文对比

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第一篇:落花生赏析-三篇译文对比

The 2 Assignment—due on week 13

原文与译文

【原文】

落花生

我们屋后有半亩隙地。母亲说,“让它荒芜着怪可惜,既然你们那么爱吃花生,就辟来做花生园罢。”我们几姊弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢——买种的买种,动土的动土,灌园的灌园;过不了几个月,居然收获了!

妈妈说:“今晚我们可以做一个收获节,也请你们爹爹来尝尝我们底新花生,如何?”我们都答应了。母亲把花生做成好几样的食品,还吩咐这节期要在园里底茅亭举行。

那晚上底天色不太好,可是爹爹也到来,实在很难得!爹爹说:“你们爱吃花生么?”

我们都争着答应:“爱!”

“谁能把花生底好处说出来?”

姊姊说:“花生底气味很美。”

哥哥说:“花生可以制油。”

我说:“无论何等人都可以用贱价买它来吃;都喜欢吃它。这就是它的好处。”

爹爹说:“花生底用处固然很多;但有一样是很可贵的。这小小的豆不像那好看的苹果、桃子、石榴,把它们底果实悬在枝上,鲜红嫩绿的颜色,令人一望而发生羡慕的心。它只把果子埋在地底,等到成熟,才容人把它挖出来。你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上,不能立刻辨出它有没有果实,非得等到你接触它才能知道。”

我们都说:“是的。”母亲也点头。爹爹接下去说:“所以你们要像花生,因为它是有用的,不是伟大、好看的东西。”我说:“那么,人要做有用的人,不要做伟大、体面的人了。”爹爹说:“这是我对于你们的希望。”

我们谈到夜阑才散,所以花生食品虽然没有了,然而父亲底话现在还印在我心版上。

【译文】

译文1

Peanuts

Behind ourhouse there lay half a mu of vacant land.Mother said, “It's a pity to let it lie waste.Since you all like to eat peanuts so much, why not have them planted here.” That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and soon we started buying seeds , ploughing the land and watering the plants.We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!

Mother said, “How about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and invite your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts?” We all agreed.Mother made quite a few varieties of goodies out of the peanuts, and told us that the party would be held in the thatched pavilion on the peanut plot.It looked like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, Father came nevertheless.“Do you like peanuts?” asked Father.“Yes, we do!” We vied in giving the answer.“Which of you could name the good things in peanuts?”

“Peanuts taste good , ” said my elder sister.“Peanuts produce edible oil, ” said my elder brother.“Peanuts are so cheap, ” said I, “that anyone can afford to eat them.Peanuts are everyone's favourite.That's why we call peanuts good.”

“It's true that peanuts have many uses, ” said Father, “but they're most beloved in one respect.Unlike nice-looking apple, peaches and pomegranates, which hang their fruit on branches and win people's instant admiration with their brilliant colours, tiny little peanuts bury themselves underground and remain unearthed until they're ripe.When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never immediately tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you touch them.”

“That's true,” we said in unison.Mother also nodded.“So you must take after peanuts,” Father continued , “ because they're useful though not great and nice-looking.” rd

“Then you mean one should be useful rather than great and nice-looking, ” I said.“That's what I expect of you, ” Father concluded.We kept chatting until the party broke up late at night.Today, though nothing is left of the goodies made of peanuts, Father’s words remain engraved in my mind.译文2

ThePeanut

At the back of our house there was half a mu of vacant land.“It' s a pity to let it go to waste like that, ” Mother said.“Since you all enjoy eating peanuts, let us open it up and make it a peanut garden.” At that my brother, sister and I were all delighted and so were the young housemaids.Some went to buy seeds, some dug the ground and others watered it and , in a couple of months, we had a harvest!“Let us have a party tonight to celebrate , ” Mother suggested, “and ask Dad to come for a taste of our fresh peanuts.What do you say?” We all agreed, of course.Mother cooked the peanuts in different styles and told us to go to the thatched pavilion in the garden for the celebration.The weather was not very good that night but, to our great delight, Dad came all the same.“Do you like peanuts?” Dad asked.“Yes!” we all answered eagerly.“But who can tell me what the peanut is good for?”

“It is very delicious to eat , ” my sister took the lead.“It is good for making cooking oil, ” my brother followed.“It is inexpensive , ” I said.“Almost everyone can afford it and everyone enjoys eating it.I think this is what it is good for.”

“Peanut is good for many things, ” Dad said, “but there is one thingthat is particularly good about it.Unlike apples, peaches or pomegranates that display their fruits up in the air, attracting you with their beautiful colours, peanut buries its fruit in the earth.It does not show itself until you dig it out when it is ripe and, unless you dig out, you can’t tell whether it bears fruit or not just by its frail stems above ground.”

“That’s true,” we all said and Mother nodded her assent.“So you should try to be like the peanut,” Dad went on, “because it is useful, though not great or attractive.”

“Do you mean, ” I asked, “we should learn to be useful but not seek to be great or attractive?”

“Yes, ” Dad said.“This is what I wish you to be.”

We stayed up late that night, eating all the peanuts Mother had cooked for us.But Father’s words remained vivid in my memory till this day.译文3

The Peanut

Behind our house there was a patch of land.”It would be a pity to let it go wild.“ said Mother.” I suggest that since you are all so fond of peanuts you should grow some there.“

We children and the little maidservants were all delighted.Some of us bought seeds, some dug up the plot and others watered it.In just a few months we had a harvest.Mother said, ”Let' s have a harvest festival tonight and invite your father to taste our fresh peanuts.“

We all agreed.Mother made a variety of dishes using our peanuts and instructed that the festival should be held in the thatched pavilion in the garden.The weather was not very good that evening, but even Father put in an appearance , which was a rare event.”Do you all like peanuts?“ asked Father.”Yes!“ we all clamoured to reply.”Who can tell me what' s good about peanuts?“

”They taste good , “ said older sister.”They can be made into oil , “ said older brother.”Everybody can afford to buy them, whoever they might be, and everyone likes them.That' s what' s good about peanuts, “ said I.Father said, ”In fact the peanut has many uses, but the most valuable thing about this little nut is this: it' s not like the apple, peach or pomegranate , flaunting their bright , beautiful fruits on their branches for all to see and admire.The peanut lies buried in the soil, waiting until it is ripe before letting people dig it up.If ever you come across a shy peanut plant you cannot immediately tell whether or not it has any nuts.You have to find them to be certain.”

We all agreed with this and Mother nodded her head too.Father continued, “So you should all try to be like the peanut, because it is neither grand nor beautiful, but useful.”

“Does that mean that people should try to be useful rather than famous or great?” I asked.“That is what I hope of you all, ” Father replied.We talked late into the night before dispersing.Although we ate all the peanuts that evening, Father’s words still remain embedded in my mind.

第二篇:落花生的三种译文

许地山·《落花生》英译

刘士聪;张培基;杨宪益、戴乃迭 译

我们屋后有半亩隙地。母亲说:“让它荒芜着怪可惜,既然你们那么爱吃花生,就辟来做花生园罢。”我们几姊弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢——买种的买种,动土的动土,灌园的灌园;过不了几个月,居然收获了!

妈妈说:“今年我们可以做一个收获节,也请你们爹爹来尝尝我们的新花生,如何?”我们都答应了。母亲把花生做成好几样的食品,还吩咐这节期要在园里底茅亭举行。

那晚上的天色不大好,可是爹爹也到来,实在很难得!爹爹说:“你们爱吃花生么?”

我们都争着答应:“爱!”

“谁能把花生的好处说出来?”

姊姊说:“花生的气味很美。”

哥哥说:“花生可以制油。”

我说:“无论何等人都可以用贱价买它来吃;都喜欢吃它。这就是它的好处。”爹爹说:“花生的用处固然很多;但有一样是很可贵的。这小小的豆不像那好看的苹果、桃子、石榴,把它们底果实悬在枝上,鲜红嫩绿的颜色,令人一望而发生羡慕的心。他只把果子埋在地底,等到成熟,对容人把他挖出来。你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上,不能立刻辨出它有没有果实,非得等到你接触他才能知道。”

我们都说:“是的。”母亲也点点头。爹爹接下去说:“所以你们要像花生,因为他是有用的,不是伟大、好看的东西。”我说:“那么,人要做有用的人,不要做伟大、体面的人了。”爹爹说:“这是我对于你们的希望。”

我们谈到夜阑才散,所有花生食品虽然没有了,然而父亲的话现在还印在我心版上。

The Peanut

Xu Dishan

At the back of our house there was half a mu of unused land.“It’s a pity to let it lie idle like that,” Mother said.“Since you all enjoy eating peanuts, let us open it up and make it a peanut garden.” At that my brother, sister and I were all delighted and so were the young housemaids.And then some went to buy seeds, some began to dig up the ground and others watered it and, in a couple of months, we had a harvest!

“Let us have a party tonight to celebrate,” Mother suggested, “and ask Dad to join us for a taste of our fresh peanuts.What do you say?” We all agreed, of course.Mother cooked the peanuts in a variety of styles and told us to go to the thatched pavilion in the garden for the celebration.The weather was not very good that night but, to our great delight, Father came all the same.“Do you like peanuts?” Father asked.“Yes!” We all answered eagerly.“But who can tell me what the peanut is good for?”

“It is very delicious to eat,” my sister took the lead.“It is good for making oil,” my brother followed.“It is inexpensive,” I said.“Almost everyone can afford it and everyone enjoys eating it.I think this is what is good for.”

“Peanut is good for many things,” Father said, “but there is one thing that is

particularly good about it.Unlike apples, peaches and pomegranates that display their fruits up in the air, attracting you with their beautiful colors, peanut buries its fruit in the earth.It does not show itself until you dig it out when it is ripe and, unless you dig it out, you can’t tell it bears fruit or not just by its frail stem quivering above ground.”

“That’s true,” we all said and Mother nodded her assent, too.“So you should try to be like the peanut,” Father went on, “because it is useful, though not great or attractive.”

“Do you mean,” I asked, “we should learn to be useful but not seek to be great or attractive?”

“Yes,” Father said.“This is what I expect of you.”

We stayed up late that night, eating all the peanuts Mother had cooked for us.But father’s words remained vivid in my memory till this day.(刘世聪 译)

Peanuts

Xu Dishan

Behind our house there lay half a mou vacant land.Mother said: “It’s a pity to let it lie waste.Since you all like to eat peanuts so very much, why not plant some here?” That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and soon we started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants.We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!

Mother said, “How about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and inviting your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts?” We all agreed.Mother made quite a few varieties of goodies out of the peanuts, and told us that the party would be held in the thatched pavilion on the peanut plot.It looked like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, father came

nevertheless.”Do you like peanuts?” asked father.“Yes, we do!”we vied in giving the answer.“Which of you could name the good things in peanuts?”

“Peanuts taste good,” said my elder sister.“Peanuts produce edible oil,” said my elder sister.“Peanuts are so cheap,” said I, “that anyone can afford to eat them.Peanuts are everyone’s favourite.That’s why we call peanuts good.”

“It’s true that peanuts have many uses,” said father, “but they’re most beloved in one respect.Unlike nice-looking apples, peaches, and pomegranates, which hang their fruit on branches and win people’s admiration with their brilliant colours, tiny little peanuts bury themselves underground and remain unearthed until they’re ripe.When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never immediately tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you touch them.”

“That’s true,” we said in unison.Mother also nodded.“So you must take after peanuts,” father continued, “because they’re useful though not great and

nice-looking.”

“Then you mean one should be useful rather than great and nice-looking,” I said.“That’s what I expect of you,” father concluded.We kept chatting until the party broke up late at night.Today, though nothing is left of the goodies made of peanuts, father’s words remain engraved in my mind.(张培基 译)

The Peanut

Xu Dishan

Behind our house there was a patch of land.“It would be a pity to let it go wild,” said Mother.“I suggest that since you are all so fond of peanuts you should grow some there.”

We children and the little maidservants were all delighted.Some of us bought seeds, some dug up the plot and others watered it.In just a few months we had a harvest.Mother said, “Let’s have a harvest festival tonight and invite your father to taste our fresh peanuts.”

We all agreed.Mother made a variety of dishes using our peanuts and instructed that the festival should be held in the thatched pavilion in the garden.The weather was not very good that evening, but even Father put in an

appearance, which was a rare event.“Do you all like peanuts?” asked Father.“Yes!” we all clamoured to reply.“Who can tell me what’s good about peanuts?”

“They taste good,” said older sister.“They can be made into oil,” said older brother.“Everybody can afford to buy them, whoever they might be, and everyone likes them.That’s what’s good about peanuts,” said I.Father said, “In fact the peanut has many uses, but the most valuable thing about this little nut is this: it’s not like the apple, peach or pomegranate, flaunting their bright, beautiful fruits on their branches for all to see and admire.The peanut lies buried in the soil, waiting until it is ripe before letting people dig it up.If ever you come across a shy peanut plant you cannot immediately tell whether or not it has any nuts.You have to find them to be certain.”

We all agreed with this and Mother nodded her head too.Father continued, “So you should all try to be like the peanut, because it is neither grand nor beautiful, but useful.”

“Does that mean that people should try to be useful rather than famous or great?” I asked.“That is what I hope of you all,” Father replied.We talked late into the night before dispersing.Although we ate all the peanuts that evening, Father’s words still remain embedded in my mind.(杨宪益、戴乃迭 译)

第三篇:《童趣》赏析及译文

18.闲情记趣

课文说明

这是一篇充满童真童趣的文章。

作者以一颗天真烂漫的童心来观察事物。在他的眼中,“夏蚊成雷”,如“群鹤舞空”,“又留蚊于素帐中,徐喷以烟,使其冲烟飞鸣,作青云白鹤观,果如鹤唳云端,怡然称快”。他“定神细视,以丛草为林,以虫蚊为兽,以土砾凸者为丘,凹者为壑,神游其中,怡然自得。”在他的笔下,“一癞虾蟆”也成为“庞然大物拔山倒树而来”。明察秋毫的观察力,特别是那颗鲜活生动、充满奇思异想的童心,使这篇文章洋溢着新奇烂漫的童趣。

作者以生动的笔调,充分展开联想与想像,运用比喻、夸张等修辞手法进行描写,并通过“怡然称快”“怡然自得”“呀然惊恐”等语句表明自己的心理活动,写出了一种“物外之趣”。

关于练习

一、熟读全文。说说课文哪些描写富于童趣,你最喜欢哪些句子。参见“课文说明”及“有关资料”。

二、用下列词语造句。明察秋毫

藐小

怡然自得

本题旨在通过造句练习,使学生注意这几个词语,以丰富语汇。

三、每个人的童年都会有很多“神游其中,怡然自得”的趣事。试把你的童年趣事,在小组或班上说给同学听听。

本题旨在使学生学习向课外延伸,训练口语表达能力。教学建议

一、本文较为浅显,应以学生自读为主。自读时先默读,以疏通文字,了解文意;然后再通过朗读、揣摩文章的妙处。待学生熟读之后,可让学生复述课文,并说说自己最喜欢哪些句子。最后,引导学生讲述一下自己“神游其中,怡然自得”的童年趣事。

二、观察昆虫是童趣之一,学生大多有此体验,让学生讲述自己观察的情形。

三、诵读文章,学生讲述2、3、4段的内容。

四、教师引导学生思考:①“物外之趣”是如何产生的?观察──联想想像──玩弄。②写心情的句子有什么作用?突出情趣。

五、写一篇“观察记趣”的短文,突出“物外之趣”。有关资料

一、《闲情记趣》赏析

《闲情记趣》是从清代沈复撰写的《浮生六记·闲情记趣》中节选的。作者追忆了自己的童年生活,反映了儿童丰富的想像力和天真烂漫的童趣。文章没有连贯的情节,只是先总后分地叙述了童年生活中的趣事。全文可分为两部分。

第一部分(第1段),总写童年时视觉敏锐,喜欢细致地观察事物,常有意想不到的乐趣。“能张目对日,明察秋毫”,既反映小孩子视觉敏锐,又表现出孩子的稚气、天真。“见藐小之物,必细察其纹理”,说明作者小时候善于细致地观察细小事物,看到细微的事物中那些别人所不能看到的妙处,产生超然物外的乐趣。

第二部分(第2段至篇末),具体写童年观察景物的奇趣。

先写夏天观察蚊飞的乐趣。“夏蚊成雷”是夸张又是比喻,这里则是“我”从蚊群嗡嗡的声音与闷雷声相似的特点联想到雷声。而把蚊比作鹤,也是蚊子的体形、长足与鹤相像,这是孩子们的联想。这些联想不但照应了第一部分的“明察秋毫,见藐小之物,必细察其纹理”,同时也为下文作了铺垫。“心之所向,则或千或百,果然鹤也”,心里这样想,眼前就果然出现了群鹤飞舞的景观。这是在前文联想基础上的想像,这正是“物外之趣”。而“留蚊于素帐中,徐喷以烟,使之冲烟而飞鸣,作青云白鹤观,果如鹤唳云端,为之怡然称快”,又是“我”创造性的联想和想像,进一步体现了物外之趣。同时也反映了“我”知识丰富,但活动范围狭小,没有机会和条件接触“青云白鹤”的实景,靠着丰富的想像仍然可以领略到书本上图画上所描绘的“青云白鹤”的实景。

再写“我”观察土墙、花台和小虫争斗的乐趣。这里写“我”观察花台草木,“以丛草为林,以虫蚊为兽”神游其中,仍是表现“物外之趣”的。而观虫斗、驱虾蟆的故事,不但紧扣“趣”字,说明“我”观察入神,而且还能表现出“我”的正直可爱,天真无邪。

全文紧紧围绕着一个“趣”字,揭示出儿童神奇美妙的内心世界。而这些“物外之趣”对大人来说似乎是闲情逸趣,可这却是孩子们把他们的小世界与外面的成人大世界融合在一起的结果,这使我们联想到孩子们“过家家”,视布娃娃为子、以纸盒子作屋的场面和乐趣,那么“我”视蚊为鹤、以草木为林,当然是真实可信的了,而且还能从中领略孩子们纯真的感情和丰富的想像力与创造力,启发我们进一步开发儿童的天性,培养发展他们的智力。

二、参考译文

回忆起我小时候,(视力特别好)能睁大眼睛直视太阳,能看清秋天鸟儿新生出的最纤细的羽毛,(只要)见到细微的东西,一定要仔细察看它的纹理,因此常常产生超然物外的乐趣。

夏天(的傍晚),蚊子成群地飞,嗡嗡的叫声像闷雷,(我)暗暗地把它们比作一群在空中飞舞的鹤。我心里这样想,那成百上千的蚊子果然都变成鹤了。(我)昂着头看,脖子也累得发僵了。(我)又把蚊子留在白色的睡帐中,慢慢地用烟喷它们,让它们冲着烟雾飞叫,(我把这个景象)比作“青云白鹤”的景观,果然它们就像白鹤在云端飞鸣,我高兴得(不停地拍手)叫好。

我常在凹凸不平的土墙边、花台旁和小草丛生的地方蹲下身来,让身子和花台一样高。聚精会神地仔细观察,把草丛看作树林,把虫蚊想像成野兽,把凸起的土块比作山丘,把低洼的地方当作壕沟,(我)便在其中安闲自在地神游。

有一天,(我)看见两个小虫在草间争斗,我就仔细观察,看得兴致正浓时,突然一个家伙掀倒“山”压倒“树”走来,原来是一只癞虾蟆,(它)舌头一吐,两只小虫就全被它吞掉了。(当时)我年幼,正在出神地看(那两只小虫争斗),(癞虾蟆的到来)不觉使我猛然一惊。(等我)神情安定下来,(便)捉住了这虾蟆,抽了它几十鞭子,把它赶到别的院子去了。

三、作家作品介绍

1.沈复(1763—1822),清代文学家。字三白,号梅逸。长洲(今江苏苏州)人。少时奉父命习幕,曾在安徽绩溪、上海青浦、江苏扬州、湖北荆州、山东莱阳等地作幕僚。笔墨生涯,依人作嫁,沈复见尽热闹官场中卑鄙之状,内心实为厌弃,欲从事艺术而不可能。所幸者有妻陈芸,伉俪兼知己,情投意合,相敬如宾,在苏州之沧浪亭畔及画家鲁璋之肖爽楼中,过了一段时期的优游自在生活。由于陈芸不甘庸俗,失欢于翁姑,两次被逐,沈复又常失馆,贫困逼人,亲友白眼相加,小家庭无法保全,子女离散,痛赋悼亡。陈芸死后,得童年友人石韫玉之助,随其赴四川重庆之任。嘉庆十三年(1808),经石韫玉推荐,作为赴琉球使团之正使齐鲲幕客,渡海参加册封琉球国王之盛典。他在琉球那霸的大使馆写作了回忆录《浮生六记》。书中记叙了他和陈芸的家居生活、生离死别以及浪游各地之见闻,对山水园林及饮食起居均有独到的评述,阐发了自己不同凡俗的观点。后在江苏如皋作幕僚。60岁时,友人顾翰为他写了《寿沈三白布衣》诗,诗中说他无力买田去归隐,梦魂常绕吴门,思归故乡。不久去世。

沈复平生好游览山水,工诗善画。除《浮生六记》外,诗稿散佚,仅存《望海》《雨中游山》及题画诗数首。

2.《浮生六记》,清代小说。六卷。系沈复在嘉庆年间所写的一部回忆录。全书以抒情散文写成,撰情入语,感人至深。书名取李白《春夜宴季弟桃李园序》中“浮生若梦,为欢几何”之意,故题为《浮生六记》。各卷依次标题为《闺房记乐》《闲情记趣》《坎坷记愁》《浪游记快》《中山记历》《养生记道》。今存前四记,后两记已佚。

此书乃作者46岁时,随同册封琉球国王的使团渡海,在琉球那霸的大使馆中写成。其写作时间在嘉庆十三年(1808)五月至十月。作者身处海外,回顾了自己大半生的遭遇,有可乐者亦有可忧者,感慨万千。

书中以较多的篇幅,记叙了作者和亡妻陈芸的家庭生活。两人志趣投合,互相尊重体贴,伉俪情深,甘愿过一种布衣蔬食而从事艺术自得其乐的生活。卜居苏州的沧浪亭与肖爽楼时,视为“不啻烟火神仙”“如梁上之燕,自去自来”。肖爽楼有四忌,即谈官宦升迁,公廨时事,八股时文,看牌掷色。亦有四取,即慷慨豪爽,风流蕴藉,落拓不羁,澄静缄默。由此可见其主人之胸襟与雅识。他们虽然身当“太平盛世”,且在“衣冠之家”,由于封建礼教的压迫,陈芸失翁姑之欢,两次被逐,加上贫困生活的煎熬,终至其理想幻灭,两人经历了生离死别的惨痛,儿子送去当学徒,女儿送人作童养媳。一对美满伴侣,终至悲剧结局。作者将欢愉与愁苦两相对照,各有重笔渲染,显得凄恻动人。

在这部回忆录里,作者塑造了亡妻陈芸的形象,林语堂谓之曰:“中国文学上一个最可爱的女人。”陈芸是个柔和的女子,内心充满激情。她不爱珠玉首饰,却对破书残画倍加珍惜。古代诗人中她最推崇李白,认为其诗“宛如姑射仙子,有一种落花流水之趣”。她在肖爽楼中招待丈夫爱好艺术的朋友,拔钗沽酒,不动声色,而且省俭雅洁。《闲情记趣》一章中记述了一些她的创造与发明。她有意识地与凡夫俗子相对抗,反其道而行之,因之招致翁姑的斥责。临终她也绝不后悔自己的所作所为,对丈夫吐露了心中的话:“知己如君,得婿如此,妾已此生无憾。”

《浮生六记》可说是继宋代李清照《金石录后序》及明代归有光《项脊轩志》之后的一部佳作。陈寅恪在《元白诗笺证稿》中说:“吾国文学,自来以礼法顾忌之故,不敢多言男女间关系,而于正式男女关系如夫妇者,尤少涉及。盖闺房燕昵之情景,家庭米盐之琐屑,大抵不列载于篇章,惟以笼统之词,概括言之而已。此后来沈三白《浮生六记》之闺房记乐,所以为例外创作,然其时代已距今较近矣。”俞平伯《重刊浮生六记序》,也称赞此书:“虽有雕琢一样的完美,却不见一点斧凿痕。犹之佳山佳水,明明是天开的图画,却仿佛处处吻合人工的意匠。”

清道光年间,杨引传在苏州冷摊上获得《浮生六记》手稿,其时后两记已缺。道光二十九年(1849)王韬曾为之题跋,称作者“笔墨之间,缠绵哀感,一往情深。”光绪三年(1877)杨引传以王韬之介将此手稿交上海申报馆以活字版排印,距成书已70年。此书后有多种版本,1923年北京朴社出版了俞平伯校点本,后附《浮生六记年表》。1980年人民文学出版社重新排印。此书有英、法、日、德、俄等译本,在海外亦颇传诵。

1935年世界书局出版《美化名著丛刊》,收有《浮生六记足本》,补全之后两记皆是伪作。郑逸梅《清娱漫笔》中之《浮生六记的伪作》及《书报话旧》中之《三种伪书》均有此论。据考证,《中山记历》一卷系抄袭李鼎元的《使琉球记》,加以改头换面。李鼎元是嘉庆五年(1800)册封琉球国王的副使,去琉球的时间比沈复早8年。将李作冒充沈作,真所谓“张冠李戴”。最后一卷,原标题为《养生记道》,“足本”篡改为《养生记逍》,其内容系剽窃张英《聪训斋语》和曾国藩《求阙斋日记类抄》等书,拼凑而成。

第四篇:《声声慢》译文及赏析

引导语:李清照的《声声慢》想必有不少人都有学过,亦是一首非常经典的词,那么接下来是小编为你带来收集整理的《声声慢》译文及赏析,欢迎阅读!

声声慢·寻寻觅觅

宋代:李清照

寻寻觅觅,冷冷清清,凄凄惨惨戚戚。乍暖还寒时候,最难将息。三杯两盏淡酒,怎敌他、晚来风急?雁过也,正伤心,却是旧时相识。

满地黄花堆积。憔悴损,如今有谁堪摘?守着窗儿,独自怎生得黑?梧桐更兼细雨,到黄昏、点点滴滴。这次第,怎一个愁字了得!

译文

苦苦地寻寻觅觅,却只见冷冷清清,怎不让人凄惨悲戚。乍暖还寒的时节,最难保养休息。喝三杯两杯淡酒,怎么能抵得住早晨的寒风急袭?一行大雁从眼前飞过,更让人伤心,因为都是旧日的相识。

园中菊花堆积满地,都已经憔悴不堪,如今还有谁来采摘?冷清清地守着窗子,独自一个人怎么熬到天黑?梧桐叶上细雨淋漓,到黄昏时分,还是点点滴滴。这般情景,怎么能用一个“愁”字了结!

注释

⑴寻寻觅觅:意谓想把失去的一切都找回来,表现非常空虚怅惘、迷茫失落的心态。

⑵凄凄惨惨戚戚:忧愁苦闷的样子。

⑶乍暖还(huán)寒:指秋天的天气,忽然变暖,又转寒冷。

⑷将息:旧时方言,休养调理之意。

⑸怎敌他:对付,抵挡。晚:一本作“晓”。

⑹损:表示程度极高。

⑺堪:可。

⑻著:亦写作“着”。

⑼怎生:怎样的。生:语助词。

⑽梧桐更兼细雨:暗用白居易《长恨歌》“秋雨梧桐叶落时”诗意。

⑾这次第:这光景、这情形。

⑿怎一个愁字了得:一个“愁”字怎么能概括得尽呢?

赏析

靖康之变后,李清照国破,家亡,夫死,伤于人事。这时期她的作品再没有当年那种清新可人,浅斟低唱,而转为沉郁凄婉,主要抒写她对亡夫赵明诚的怀念和自己孤单凄凉的景况。此词便是这时期的典型代表作品之一。

这首词起句便不寻常,一连用七组叠词。不但在填词方面,即使在诗赋曲也绝无仅有。但好处不仅在此,这七组叠词还极富音乐美。宋词是用来演唱的,因此音调和谐是一个很重要的内容。李清照对音律有极深造诣,所以这七组叠词朗读起来,便有一种大珠小珠落玉盘的感觉。只觉齿舌音来回反复吟唱,徘徊低迷,婉转凄楚,有如听到一个伤心之极的人在低声倾诉,然而她还未开口就觉得已能使听众感觉到她的忧伤,而等她说完了,那种伤感的情绪还是没有散去。一种莫名其妙的愁绪在心头和空气中弥漫开来,久久不散,余味无穷。

心情不好,再加上这种乍暖还寒天气,词人连觉也睡不着了。如果能沉沉睡去,那么还能在短暂的时间内逃离痛苦,可是越想入眠就越难以入眠,于是词人就很自然想起亡夫来。披衣起床,喝一点酒暖暖身子再说吧。可是寒冷是由于孤独引起的,而饮酒与品茶一样,独自一人只会觉得分外凄凉。

端着一杯淡酒,而在这天暗云低,冷风正劲的时节,却突然听到孤雁的一声悲鸣,那种哀怨的声音直划破天际,也再次划破了词人未愈的伤口,头白鸳鸯失伴飞。词人感叹:唉,雁儿,你叫得这样凄凉幽怨,难道你也像我一样,老年失偶了吗?难道也像我一样,余生要独自一人面对万里层山,千山暮雪吗?胡思乱想之下,泪光迷蒙之中,蓦然觉得那只孤雁正是以前为自己传递情书的那一只。无可奈何花落去,似曾相识燕归来。旧日传情信使仍在,而秋娘与萧郎已死生相隔,人鬼殊途了,物是人非事事休,欲语泪先流。这一奇思妙想包含着无限无法诉说的哀愁。

这时看见那些菊花,才发觉花儿也已憔悴不堪,落红满地,再无当年那种“东篱把酒黄昏后,有暗香盈袖”的雅致了。词人想:以往丈夫在世时的日子多么美好,诗词唱和,整理古籍,可如今呢?只剩下自己一个人在受这无边无际的孤独的煎熬了。故物依然,人面全非。“旧时天气旧时衣,只有情怀,不得似往时。”独对着孤雁残菊,更感凄凉。手托香腮,珠泪盈眶。怕黄昏,捱白昼。对着这阴沉的天,一个人要怎样才能熬到黄昏的来临呢?漫长使孤独变得更加可怕。独自一人,连时间也觉得开始变慢起来。

好不容易等到了黄昏,却又下起雨来。点点滴滴,淅淅沥沥的,无边丝雨细如愁,而下得人心更烦了。再看到屋外那两棵梧桐,虽然在风雨中却互相扶持,互相依靠,但是两相对比,自己一个人要凄凉多了。

急风骤雨,孤雁残菊梧桐,眼前的一切,使词人的哀怨重重叠叠,直至无以复加,不知怎样形容,也难以表达出来。于是词人再也不用什么对比,什么渲染,什么赋比兴了,直截了当地说:“这次第,怎一个愁字了得?”简单直白,反而更觉神妙,更有韵味,更堪咀嚼。相形之下,连李煜的“问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流”也稍觉失色。一江春水虽然无穷无尽,但毕竟还可形容得出。而词人的愁绪则非笔墨所能形容,自然稍胜一筹。

前人评此词,多以开端三句用一连串叠字为其特色。但只注意这一层,不免失之皮相。词中写主人公一整天的愁苦心情,却从“寻寻觅觅”开始,可见她从一起床便百无聊赖,如有所失,于是东张西望,那仿佛飘流在海洋中的人要抓到点什么才能得救似的,希望找到点什么来寄托自己的空虚寂寞。下文“冷冷清清”,是“寻寻觅觅”的结果,不但无所获,还反被一种孤寂清冷的气氛袭来,使自己感到凄惨忧戚。于是紧接着再写了一句“凄凄惨惨戚戚”。仅此三句,一种由愁惨而凄厉的氛围已笼罩全篇,使读者不禁为之屏息凝神。这乃是百感迸发于中,不得不吐之为快,所谓“欲罢不能”的结果。

“乍暖还寒时候”这一句也是此词的难点之一。而此词作于秋天,但秋天的气候应该说“乍寒还暖”,只有早春天气才能用得上“乍暖还寒”。这是写的一日之晨,而非写一季之候。秋日清晨,朝阳初出,故言“乍暖”;但晓寒犹重,秋风砭骨,故言“还寒”。至于“时候”二字,有人以为在古汉语中应解为“节候”;但柳永《永遇乐》云:“薰风解愠,昼景清和,新霁时候。”由阴雨而新霁,自属较短暂的时间,可见“时候”一词在宋时已与现代汉语无殊了。“最难将息”句则与上文“寻寻觅觅”句相呼应,说明从一清早自己就不知如何是好。

下面的“三杯两盏淡酒,怎敌他晓来风急”,正与上文“乍暖还寒”相合。古人晨起于卯时饮酒,又称“扶头卯酒”。这里说用酒消愁是不抵事的。至于下文“雁过也”的“雁”,是南来秋雁,而正是往昔在北方见到的,所以说“正伤心,却是旧时相识”了。《唐宋词选释》说:“雁未必相识,却云‘旧时相识’者,寄怀乡之意。赵嘏《寒塘》:‘乡心正无限,一雁度南楼。’词意近之。”

上片从一个人寻觅无着,写到酒难浇愁;风送雁声,反而增加了思乡的惆怅。于是下片由秋日高空转入自家庭院。园中开满了菊花,秋意正浓。这里“满地黄花堆积”是指菊花盛开,而非残英满地。“憔悴损”是指自己因忧伤而憔悴瘦损,但也不是指菊花枯萎凋谢。正由于自己无心看花,虽值菊堆满地,却不想去摘它赏它,这才是“如今有谁堪摘”的确解。然而人不摘花,花当自萎;及花已损,则欲摘已不堪摘了。这里既写出了自己无心摘花的郁闷,又透露了惜花将谢的情怀,笔意比唐人杜秋娘所唱的“有花堪折直须折,莫待无花空折枝”还要深远多了。

从“守著窗儿”以下,写独坐无聊,内心苦闷之状,比“寻寻觅觅”三句又进一层。“守著”句如依张惠言《词选》断句,以“独自”连上文。秦观(一作无名氏)《鹧鸪天》下片:“无一语,对芳樽,安排肠断到黄昏。甫能炙得灯儿了,雨打梨花深闭门”,与此词意境相近。但秦词从人对黄昏有思想准备方面着笔,李则从反面说,好像天有意不肯黑下来而使人尤为难过。“梧桐”两句不仅脱胎淮海,而且兼用温庭筠《更漏子》下片“梧桐树,三更雨,不道离情正苦;一叶叶,一声声,空阶滴到明”词意,把两种内容融而为一,笔更直而情更切。最后以“怎一个愁字了得”句作收,也是蹊径独辟之笔。自庾信以来,或言愁有千斛万斛,或言愁如江如海(分别见李煜、秦观词),总之是极言其多。这里却化多为少,只说自己思绪纷茫复杂,仅用一个“愁”字如何包括得尽。妙在又不说明于一个“愁”字之外更有什么心情,即戛然而止,仿佛不了了之。表面上有“欲说还休”之势,实际上已倾泻无遗,淋漓尽致了。

这首词大气包举,别无枝蔓,相关情事逐一说来,却始终紧扣悲秋之意,深得六朝抒情小赋之神髓,而以接近口语的朴素清新的语言谱入新声,运用凄清的音乐性语言进行抒情,又却体现了倚声家的不假雕饰的本色,诚属个性独具的抒情名作。

第五篇:满江红译文及赏析

原文:

满江红·暮雨初收

柳永

暮雨初收,长川静、征帆夜落。临岛屿、蓼烟疏淡,苇风萧索。几许渔人飞短艇,尽载灯火归村落。遣行客、当此念回程,伤漂泊。

桐江好,烟漠漠。波似染,山如削。绕严陵滩畔,鹭飞鱼跃。游宦区区成底事,平生况有云泉约。归去来、一曲仲宣吟,从军乐。

满江红翻译:

傍晚的落雨刚刚停止,桐江一片寂静,远征的航船在夜幕中靠岸停泊。对面的岛屿上,水蓼稀疏雾霭寒凉,秋风吹拂芦苇萧索作响。多少渔人行驶着小船,却只见船上的灯火飞快地回归村落。对此令我思念起回归的路程,对漂泊生活产生了厌倦而忧伤的情绪。

桐江景色美丽,雾霭漠漠密布,好似浸入了水波之中,山峰如刀削一般,白鹭和鱼儿围绕严陵濑飞翔和跳跃。游宦生涯跋涉辛苦一事无成,何况早就有归隐云山泉石的心愿。回归吧,羡慕渊明的躬耕田园,厌倦仲宣的从军艰苦。

满江红字词解释:

⑴满江红:词牌名,唐人小说《冥音录》载曲名为《上江虹》,后改今名。柳永始填此调,有仄韵、平韵两体,此词为仄韵,为正体。《乐章集》注“仙吕调”,高栻词注“南吕调”。格调沉郁激昂,前人用以发抒怀抱,佳作颇多。双调九十三字,上片八句四仄韵,下片十句五仄韵。

⑵长川静:长河一片平静。川,指江河。征帆:远行船上之帆。

⑶蓼烟:笼罩着蓼草的烟雾。蓼,水蓼,一种生长在水边的植物。

⑷苇风:吹拂芦苇的风。萧索:象声词,形容风声。元稹《酬乐天雪中见寄》:“知君夜听风萧索,晓望林亭雪半糊。”

⑸几许:有几个。短艇:轻快的小艇。

⑹遣:使,令。行客:词人自谓。回程:回家的路程。

⑺桐江:在今浙江桐庐县北,即钱塘江中游自严州至桐庐一段的别称。又名富春江。

⑻漠漠:弥漫的样子。杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》:“俄顷风定云墨色,秋天漠漠向昏黑。”

⑼严陵滩:又名严滩、严陵濑。在桐江畔。

⑽游宦:春秋战国时期,士人离开本国至他国谋求官职,谓之游宦,后泛指为当官而到处飘荡。底事:何事,为了什么事呢?

⑾云泉约:与美丽的景色相约,引申为归隐山林之意。云泉,泛指美丽的景色。

⑿归去来:赶紧回去吧。陶潜著《归去来兮辞》以抒归隐之志,故后用“归去来”为归隐之典。仲宣:三国时王粲的字,王粲初依荆州刘表,未被重用,作《登楼赋》,以抒归土怀乡之情。后为曹操所重,从曹操西征张鲁。

⒀从军乐:即《从军行》。王粲曾作《从军行》五首,主要抒发行役之苦和思妇之情。

满江红赏析:

这首词抒发了词人对游宦生涯的厌倦和对归隐生活的向往之情。

桐江秋夜,秋风萧索,雾霭密布,山峰如削,景色凄凉,加之渔火回归,鹭鱼自适,怎不令词人“念回程,伤漂泊。”,怎不令词人感叹“游宦区区成底事,平生况有云泉约。”此时此刻,词人一心羡慕渊明的躬耕田园,厌倦仲宣的从军艰辛,终于忍不住高喊——归去来兮!

严陵滩畔,即严陵濑,是汉代严光(字子陵)钓鱼处。严子陵因不屈就所任谏议大夫的官职而隐耕于富春山。王粲,字仲宣,作《从军五首》,写从军的辛苦与对故乡的怀念。陶渊明,作《归去来兮辞》。

这首词与柳永的另一首《思归乐(天幕清和堪宴聚)》词表现“归隐”情绪手法相同,都是触景生情。所不同的是,前者因凄凉的桐江秋夜景色而生情,后者因“宴饮聚会”和“佳丽歌舞”而生情。景生情,情生景,情景交融。桐江秋夜之景无不染上词人厌倦宦游、向往归隐的心绪。

不过,由于柳永平生追求功名与爱情,“归去来兮”也只是空喊而已,就如同这东流的桐江之水,终难归去。

一说“一曲仲宣吟,从军乐。”是词人写仲宣作《登楼赋》抒其归土怀乡之情,后为曹操所重,晚年从军,以此表达词人希望自己也能得明主一售的愿望。这倒也符合柳永一贯的价值取向,但恐有违本词主题。

傍晚的落雨刚刚停止,桐江一片寂静,远征的航船在夜幕中靠岸停泊。对面的岛屿上,水蓼稀疏雾霭寒凉,秋风吹拂芦苇萧索作响。多少渔人行驶着小船,却只见船上的灯火飞快地回归村落。对此令远行客思念起回归的路程,并对漂泊生活产生了厌倦而忧伤的情绪。

桐江景色美丽,雾霭漠漠密布,好似浸入了水波之中,山峰如刀削一般,白鹭和鱼儿围绕严陵濑飞翔和跳跃。游宦生涯跋涉辛苦一事无成,何况早就有归隐云山泉石的心愿。回归吧,羡慕渊明的躬耕田园,厌倦仲宣的从军艰辛。

个人资料:

柳永(约984年—约1053年),原名三变,字景庄,后改名柳永,字耆卿,因排行第七,又称柳七,福建崇安人,北宋著名词人,婉约派代表人物。

柳永出身官宦世家,少时学习诗词,有功名用世之志。咸平五年(1002年),柳永离开家乡,流寓杭州、苏州,沉醉于听歌买笑的浪漫生活之中。大中祥符元年(1008年),柳永进京参加科举,屡试不中,遂一心填词。景祐元年(1034年),柳永暮年及第,历任睦州团练推官、余杭县令、晓峰盐碱、泗州判官等职,以屯田员外郎致仕,故世称柳屯田。

柳永是第一位对宋词进行全面革新的词人,也是两宋词坛上创用词调最多的词人。柳永大力创作慢词,将敷陈其事的赋法移植于词,同时充分运用俚词俗语,以适俗的意象、淋漓尽致的铺叙、平淡无华的白描等独特的艺术个性,对宋词的发展产生了深远影响。

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