英文翻译

第一篇：英文翻译

英语三级翻译辅导习题

1.各吹各的号，各唱各的调。

2.每逢假日的下午，我总要漫游周围的乡村。

3.暴风雨把小屋冲坏，他们只好住在一个窑洞里。

4.要不断加强基础设施建设，努力营建良好的开发环境。

5.深秋，冷雨霏霏，屋里静悄悄的。他们看了一下午的书。

6.Liberty is more important than life.（英译汉）

答案：

1.各吹各的号，各唱各的调。转载自:考试大[Examda.Com]

She works as a bilingual secretary for an insurance company.4.去年我一天洗两次澡，早晚各一次。

I used to take a bath twice a day last year，morning and night.5.坦白地说，面试后我一直认为这个职位不适合我。

Frankly speaking，I have been thinking that the position is not right for me after the

interview.6.Some people assert that nothing is impossible.Such people should get a grip on

reality and understand it‘s impossible to create another Universe.In more down-to-earth

terms，it’s impossible to know with any certainty whether you will live or die tomorrow.（英译汉）

一些人断言没有什么事是不可能的。这些人应该把握现实，知道再造一个宇宙是不可能的。更现实的 说法是不可能明确地知道明天你会活着还是会死。

get a grip on抓住，控制，管束

1.八成他不会来了。

Most probably he isn，t coming.2.他巴不得立刻见到你。

He is very anxious to meet you immediately.3.这刀不会留下任何疤痕。转载自:考试大-[Examda.Com]

The cut will not leave any scar.4.孩子成了他唯一的安慰。

The child became her only consolation.5.非常感谢贵公司的录用，但我不得不拒绝这份工作。

I really appreciate your offer，but I must decline it.6.Things aren’t even starting to take shape yet.（英译汉）

八字还没有一撇.1.显然你错了。考试大论坛

It is clear you were wrong.2.仔细看看信的地址是否写对了。

Care should be taken to see that the letter is properly addressed.3.现在全厂上上下下都普遍认为工厂必须进行改革。

It is now generally accepted that reform is necessary in the factory.4.这儿是头两卷，第三卷下个月出版。

Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month.5.我们不知不觉地朝公园走去。公园就在人行桥那边，桥下很深的地方，汹涌的河水滚滚流过。Somehow our path took us toward the park across the footbridge high above the rolling

waters of the river.6.The man who is above his business may one day find his business above him.（英译汉）

不屑于干自己工作的人，终会有一天发现自己不配干那份工作。

1.为了找房子，不知花费我多少时间，受过多少闲气。

In my long seeking for lodging，I often met with a snub.2.树是那样高，笔直，而又整齐的特别可爱！因为是松树和杉树的原故，所以四时都是绿油油的。Standing tall and erect before me in neat array was a forest of evergreen pines and

firs.3.自己在树底下行走，如果把风景看得太严重了，倒反没有什么趣味。考试大论坛

While walking in the shade of the trees，I preferred not to focus my attention

exclusively on the scenery.4.最有意思的是自己慢慢地在后面走，看着人家一个个地从树荫下经过。

I found it most interesting to watch，by slowing down my pace，other people walking

ahead of me one after another.6.We‘ve all done something in our lives us we are ashamed of，some of us have fallen

for the wrong man，some have let go of the right women，there’re those who have

humiliated their parents and those who have failed their children.Yes，we‘ve all made

mistakes that diminish us and those we love.But there is redemption if we try to learn from

those mistakes and grow。（英译汉）

我们都做过一些自己都感到惭愧的事。有些人爱错了人，有些人错过了爱；有些孩子使父母丢脸，也 有些家长让孩子失望。是的，我们都犯过错，使自己和爱人蒙羞。但如果我们试着从s这些错误中吸取教 训并成长，就还有挽回的机会。

A： Bill Mcphee。我会尽快带他来见你。

Bill Mcphee.I’ll bring him around to see you soon.B： 我们会怀念和你一起共事的时光。

We’ll miss doing business with you.A： Bill Mcphee是个好人。你们会和他相处得很好的。

Bill Mcphee is a good man.You’ll get along with him very well.6.With the rapid development of Taiwan’s economy，a lot of social problems have come

to pass.（英译汉）

随着台湾经济的快速发展许多社会问题产生了

1.这架班机正点起飞吧？

Is the plane on schedule？

2.准备好机票与登机牌。

Let’s get our tickets and boarding pass ready.3.如果有退票的，请通知我。

Please notify me if there is any cancellation.4.请于起飞前一小进到达机场。

Please be at the airport at least one hour before departure？

You’ll be late if you don’t arrive in one hour before leaving.5.我需要提前多少天付款订票？

How long in advance of the flight must I pay to confirm the booking？

6.Promises are often like the butterfly，which disappear after beautiful hover。（英译

汉）

承诺常常很像蝴蝶，美丽地盘旋然后不见。

1.我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。请访问考试大网站http:///

We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.2.在建立个人网站前，先问问自己，为什么想要一网站，想要达到的目标是什么。

Before you build a personal site，ask yourself why you want one，and what you want to

accomplish.3.在造访一个提供网站空间服务的网站时，你会看到种类繁多的方案可供选择，哪一种价位可以给 你多少网络空间及多大的传输流量。

When you visit the site of a Web host，you’ll see a wide variety of plans-so much

space and so much network traffic for so much money.4.典型的网站包括图像、文字及图片，比较精心制作的网站还有动画、影像、声音和其他额外的内 容。

Web site typically contain graphics，texts and pictures，while more elaborate ones

include animation，video，audio and other extras.5.关于网站设计，有许多是很吸引人的，也有许多则令人泄气。

There are many things about Web sites that are appealing and many that are just plain

frustrating.6.Pizza came to the U.S.with Italian immigrants;the first U.S.pizzeria opened in

1905，and pizza became one of the nation’s favourite foods after World War Ⅱ。It is now

popular worldwide.（英译汉）

比萨随着意大利移民引进美国；1905年第一家美国比萨店开业了，第二次世界大战后比萨成为全美国 最喜爱的食物之一。现在比萨畅销全世界。

1.只要走一下就到了吗？

Is it within walking distance？

2.我儿子骑在我肩上看游行。

My son rode pickaback on me to watch the parade.3.其实我一点都不喜欢我现在的工作。

The fact of the matter is I’m not enjoying my new job at all.4.他有边吃饭边抽烟那让人讨厌的习惯。

He has the irritating habit of smoking during meals.5.如果我今早没忘了把油箱加满，我们不会没油的。

If I hadn’t forgotten to fill up the tank this morning，we wouldn’t be out of gas.6.Are there any charter flights？（英译汉）

有包机航班吗？

1、A：有什么我可以为您效劳的吗？

Is there anything I can help you with？

B：是的，我想知道你是否可以帮我找到一些这个城市的旅游指南，或许也要一张公路地图。Yes，I was wondering if you could help me find some travel guides for this city.And

maybe also a rode map，too.A：我们有各种不同的那个题材的书。有些相当概扣，而其他的则比较专业化。

We have a variety of books on that subject.Some are quite general while others are more

specialized and specific，B：我想概括性的就可以了。我只是要在这儿停留几天。但我想要那种多多少少能使我感觉到这个城 市的东西。

I think the generalized ones would do.I’m only staying here for a couple of days.But

I want something that can give me more or less the feel of the city.A：那样的话，也许这本书可以。它有很多图片，而且容易阅读，里头也有公路地图。

In that case，maybe this book will do.It has a lot of pictures and is easy to read.There are also road maps in it.B：太好了！我买这一本。

That’s perfect.I’ll buy this one.（英译汉）

2、At Christmas the air is filled with carols.圣诞节的时候到处都可以听到圣诞颂歌。

1.我认为年轻人应该能够有自己作决定的自由和空间。

I think young people should have the freedom and the space to make their own decisions.2.由于奥运会规模越来越大，为了大多数的城市将没有能力举办。来源：考试大

The Olympic Games are growing so big that most cities may not be able to host them in

future.3.当奥运会结束后，所有累积的专业经验就消失，使下一届主办城市必须一切从零开始。Currently，once the Games are finished，all the gathered expertise vanishes and the

next city has to begin from scratch.4.除了一般大学程度的课程之外，卢浮学院也提供大众免费的夜间艺术史课程。

The Ecole du Louvre，in addition to its regular university-level curricula，offers

free public evening classes in art history.5.你会相信咖啡有助于保护你的脑部免收一种危险的退化性疾病的侵袭吗？

Would you believe coffee and help protect your brain from a dangerous degenerative

disease？

6.The two of us sit on chairs and stare upward and around until closing time，watching

the sun illuminate the stained glass panes deep red，blue，gold，and a near blinding

white.On the way out，someone coughs，and the sound goes on and on—acoustics in this

chapel are remarkable.（英译汉）

我们俩坐在椅子上向上及四周凝视直到教堂关门，看着太阳照亮窗格中的彩色玻璃，有深红、蓝色、金色，及眩目的白色。离开时，有人咳嗽，回音缭绕再缭绕—可见这座教堂里的音响效果是多么棒。

1.她的行为深深地刺痛了我的心。{来源：考{试大}

I am deeply offended by her conduct.2.稳定性带来的好处有可能被夸大。

It is possible to overstate the benefits of stabilization.3.这事若是事实，它将给我们造成许多麻烦。

If true，this will cause us a lot of trouble.If it is true，this will cause us a lot of trouble.4.任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。

Any government which is blind to this point may pay a heavy price.5.许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to

spend much more time waiting for a bus，which is usually crowded with a large number of

passengers.6.Love is the greatest refreshment in life。

爱情是生活最好的提神剂。

1.大家最好养成学习的好习惯。

You‘d better form the habit of studying.2.别把这两个近义词混淆了。

Don’t mix up this pair of synonyms.3.给出这个词的同义词和反义词。

Give the synonym and antonym of this word.4.他脸皮厚，从来不在乎别人讲什么。

He is thick-skinned and never cares what others say.5.面试时，有些面试者会有夸大的倾向。

During the interview，some interviewees tend to exaggerate.6.You’re really too good for me.（英语）

我真的配不上你。

1.一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。

An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward

retirement.2.我最近利用了一点时间采访成功的专业人士，谈谈他们最难忘、最有效的学习经验。

I recently spent time asking effective professionals about their most memorable and

effective learning experiences.3.我的目的，是要找出成人教育的最佳方式。{来源：考{试大}

My goal was to find out what works best when it comes to adult education.4.那么为什么在适合成人的训练方式与公司的训练部门实际所提供的训练之间会有如此的断层呢？So why is there such a disconnect between what works for adults and is offered by

corporate training departments？

5.在世界各地，极少数的训练人员在从事他们的工作时，具备有充分的学习方面的知识。Very few trainers，in world over，come to their work with much knowledge about

learning.6.What I discovered is that adults are remarkably similar in how they learn best： The

most unforgettable and transformative learning occurs through personal experience，group

support and/or mentoring.（英译汉）

我发现，成人学习最有效的方式其实非常类似：最难忘、带来最深远改变的学习经验，均是通过个人 的体会、小组支持或者良师的启发。

第二篇：英文翻译

Introduction: with the rapid development of the economy, China ‘smprehensive national power has been improved effectively.As a saying said;“Want to become rich first road”.So China has begun to build the high-speed rail since years ago.The building of the high~speed rail is suited to China's national conditions and help our country to run well in the strong competition of the world.大多数经济学家认为：交通基础设施的供应水平和能力必须适度超前，否则就会影响社会经济持续、稳定 和健康发展。这就意味着要加大对交通基础设施的投资，但是政府在加大交通基础设施投资力度的同时，用于改善民生的措施实际却在相对地减少。从中国目前的经济发展和人民的收入状况来说，我认为中国高 铁弊大于利.Most economists believe that: the supply and capability of transportation infrastructure must advance appropriately, otherwise it will affect the sustainable, stable and healthy development of social economy.This means that we have to increase the investment into transportation infrastructure,But while government increase the investment into transportation infrastructure, it will to some extent decrease the practical measures to improve people's livelihood.From China's current situation, I think it will do more harm than good to build high-speed railway in China.Piont1: Building too fast go against the laws of economic development, causing many problems, such as loan repayment, staff placement.And high-speed railway construction needs large investment, from the use of the actual situation, the possibility of short-term cost recovery do not, there is also the problem of capital wasting.建设速度过快，容易违背经济发展规律,同时面对的问题较多，例如贷款偿还，员工安置等。中国第一条高 铁客运专线——从北京到天津，它在 2008 年 8 月通车后一年就亏损了 7 个亿。武广高铁总投资约 1166 亿元，目前的线路至少能开 120 对车，但实际上只开了 33 对，而且还坐不满，这是资本的严重浪费。所 以说高铁建设不仅需要大笔的投资，而且从运用的实际的情况来看，短期收回成本的可能性根本就没有。The fast building speed will violate the rule of economic development, and at same time it faced many problems, such as loan repayment, staff placement.First high-speed railway of China-from Beijing to Tianjin, it was launched in August 2008, after one year it lossed 70 millions.The total investment of

Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed rail was about 110 billions yuan, now it is able to drive at least 120 pairs of cars, but in fact only 33 to drive, and lots of seats are empty, this is a serious waste of capital.The high-speed railway not only requires large construction investment, but also, it is impossible to recovery the short-term cost based on its actural implement.Poiimnt2: The building of the high spee

d rail can drive the development of the industry related.for example, the building need many workers and the new technology, so it expand the employment and promiot the technological innovation.In another word through the building, more steel products are needed.Another important hand is transport during the Spring Festival.During this period of time, large numbers of people going home together.So the high speed rail can relieve the transportation pressure ectively 高铁的票价较高，例如京津高铁，它行驶 30 分钟，却要 69 元票价，让人望而生叹啊。中国的 GDP 总量 高居世界第二，但人均 GDP 在世界的排名却还在百名开外，穷人还是绝大多数。武广高铁开通后，原有 的一些客运列车停运，意味着中低收入者将被迫选择高铁，接受高票价。这种行为伤及了底层人民的最根 本利 e 而且建设过程中容易出现贪污腐败问题。The fare of high Speed Rail is higher, for example, the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed rail, it costs 69 yuan for only drive 30minuts.China's GDP ranks the second in the world, but per capita GDP still ranks out of hundreds in the world, the poor is the majority.When Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway was used, the original passenger trains were stopped, which means low-incomer will be forced to choose high-speed rail and accept the high fares.This action has

impair interests of the low class people, and the corruption problem will be prone to easily during the process of building.新建高铁实际是在现有几种交通方式的基础上新增一种交通方式。建成之后会与高速公路、现有铁路、飞 机、船运形成竞争关系，在原有运力并不紧张的背景下必然形成运力过剩。新建的高铁主要是客运专线，因此高铁并不会加快货物与资金的周转速度，不会降低全社会运行成本。要修建如此庞大的高速铁路网，必将消耗大量的资金，必将挤占人们收入上涨的空间与企业利润空间（加重税负）如果将此财政投入医疗、。社保、教育、技术研究，则会消除人们存钱的预防养老动机从而扩大消费，利于中国经济可持续发展。综 上所述，在中国大规模修建高铁对中国经济的长远发展来讲是弊大于利，不利于扩大内需、不利于产业结 构调整 结论：The high-speed railway will compete with the existing highway, railway, aircraft, shipping after it consummation which will lead to a situation capacity.The new high-speed railway is mainly to carry passenger, so it will not speed up the turnover rate between cargos and the capital and will not decrease the costs of the whole social transportation.To build such a large network of high-speed rail will need a large amount of money, the government must increase the taxes of people and enterprise to raise the capital.If this financial investment used in health care, social security, education, tec

第三篇：英文翻译

Overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications 1 History of GSM During the early 1980s, analog cellular telephone systems were experiencing rapid growth in Europe, particularly in Scandinavia and the United Kingdom, but also in France and Germany.Each country developed its own system, which was incompatible with everyone else’s in equipment and operation.This was an

undesirable situation, because not only was the mobile equipment limited to operation within national boundaries, which in a unified Europe were increasingly unimportant, but there was also a very limited market for each type of equipment, so economies of scale and the subsequent savings could not be realized.The Europeans realized this early on, and in 1982 the Conference of European s Posts and Telegraphs(CEPT)formed a study group called the Group Special Mobile(GSM)to study and develop a pan-European public land mobile system.The proposed system has to meet certain criteria: ·Good subjective speech quality ·Low terminal and service cost ·Support for international roaming ·Ability to support handheld terminals ·Support for range of new services and facilities ·Spectral efficiency ·ISDN compatibility In 1989, GSM responsibility was transferred to the European Telecommunication Standards Institute(ETSI), and phase I of the GSM specifications were published in 1990.Commercial service was started in mid-1991, and by 1993 there were 36 GSM networks in 22 countries.Although standardized in Europe, GSM is not only a European standard.Over 200 GSM networks are operational in 110 countries around the world.In the beginning of 1994, there were 1.3 million subscribers worldwide, which had grown to more than 55 million by October 1997.With North America making a delayed entry into the GSM field with a derivative of GSM called PCS1900, GSM systems exist on every continent, and the acronym GSM now aptly stands for Global System for Mobile communications.The developers of GSM chose an unproven(at the time)digital system, as opposed to the then-standard analog cellular systems like AMPS in the United States and TACS in the United Kingdom.They had faith that advancements in compression algorithms and digital signal processors would allow the fulfillment of the original criteria and the continual improvement of the system in terms of quality and cost.The over 8,000 pages of GSM recommendations try to allow flexibility and competitive innovation among suppliers, but provide enough standardization to guarantee proper interworking between the components of the system.This done by providing functional and interface descriptions for each of the functional entities defined in the system.2 General Concepts 2.1 Analog Versus Digital Telephony Systems First-generation systems were analog.During the early 1980s these underwent rapid development in Europe.Although the NMT system was used by all the Nordic countries, and the TACS system in the United Kingdom and Italy, there was a variety of systems and no compatibility among them.Compared with these systems, the main advantages offered by GSM, which is the most important of the second-generation digital systems, are: ·Standardization;·Capacity;·Quality;·Security.Standardization guarantees compatibility among systems of different countries, allowing subscribers to use their own terminals in those countries that have adopted the digital standard.The lack of standardization in the first-generation system limited service to within the borders of a country.Mobility is improved, since roaming is no longer limited to areas covered by a certain system.Calls can be charged and handled using the same personal number even when the subscriber moves from one country to another.Standardization also allows the operator to buy entities of the network from different vendors, since the functional elements of the network and the interfaces between these elements are standardized.This means that a mobile phone from any manufacturer is able to communicate with any network, even if this network is built with entities from different vendors.This leads to a large economy of scale and results in cost reduction for both the operator and the subscriber.Furthermore, the phone cost is also reduced, because GSM is an international standard, produced quantities are greater and the level of competition is high.With respect to capacity, the use of the radio resource is much more efficient in a digital system such as GSM than in an analog system.This means that more users can be allocated in the same frequency bandwidth.This is possible with the use of advanced digital techniques, such as voice compression algorithms, channel coding, and multiple access techniques.Note that capacity gains are also achieved with radio frequency reuse, which had also used in analog systems.Frequency reuse means that a given carrier can be employed in different areas.The quality in digital transmission systems is better, thanks to the channel coding schemes that increase the robustness in the face of noise and disturbances such as interference caused by other users or other systems.The quality improvement is also due to the improved control of the radio link, and adaptations to propagation conditions, with advanced techniques such as power control or frequency hopping.This will be explained in greater detail in the next section.In terms of security, powerful authentication and encryption techniques for voice and data communications are enabled with GSM, which guarantees protected access to the network, and confidentiality.2.2 Cellular Telephony In mobile radio systems, one of the most important factors is the frequency spectrum.In order to make the best use of the bandwidth, the system is designed by means of the division of the service area into neighboring zones, or cells, which in theory have a hexagonal shape.Each cell has a Base Transceiver Station(BTS), which to avoid interference operates on a set of radio channels different from those of the adjacent cells.This division allows for the use of the same frequencies in nonadjacent cells.A group of cells that as a whole use the entire radio spectrum available to the operator is referred to as a cluster.The shape of a cell is irregular, depending on the availability of a spot for the BTS, the geography of the terrain, the propagation of the radio signal in the presence of obstacles, and so on.In dense urban areas, for instance, where the mobile telephony traffic is important, the diameter of the cells is often reduced in order to increase capacity.This is allowed since the same frequency channels are used in a smaller area.On the other hand, reducing the cell diameter leads to a decrease in the distance necessary to reuse the frequencies(that is, the distance between two co-channel cells), increasing co-channel interference.In order to minimize the level of interference, several techniques are used on the radio interface.A basic example of cluster organization is shown in Figure 1.In this example, we see a reuse attern for seven different frequencies, f1 to f7.These frequencies correspond to the beacon carrier of each cell, on which signaling information about the cell is broadcast(see Section 2.7).It can be seen from this figure that a given carrier can be reused in two separate geographical areas, as long as these areas are far enough from each other to reduce the effect of interference.With this technique of dividing the area in cells and clusters, the operator can increase the area it is able to cover with a limited frequency bandwidth.Figure 1 Example of a Cell Planning

在80 年代初期期间，模式手机系统在欧洲体验迅速增长，特别在斯堪的那

维亚和英国，以及法国和德国。每个国家开发了它自己的系统，在设备和操作 上是互不相容的。这是一个不受欢迎的情况，因为不仅移动通信设备被限制在国 界之内，这在统一的欧洲是越来越不重要的，而且每种类型的设备都只有一个非 常有限的市场，因此经济尺度及随后的储蓄不可能体会。

欧洲人早就意识到了这点，并且在1982 年欧洲邮电管理联合会(CEPT)上形 成了移动通信特别研究组(GSM)来研发一个能在全欧洲大陆通用的移动通信系 统。提出的系统必须符合以下标准： 〃通话质量好

〃终端及服务费用低 〃支持国际漫游

〃能够支持可随身携带的终端 〃支持一系列新的服务和设备 〃效率高

〃与ISDN 兼容

1989 年，GSM 的责任转移了到欧洲电信标准学院(ETSI)，并且GSM 规格的

第一阶段也在1990 年出版了。商业服务在1991 年中期开始了，截至1993 年有 36 个GSM 网络在22 个国家诞生了。GSM 不仅仅是欧洲标准，尽管它是在欧洲 规范化的。现已有200 多个GSM 网络在全球110 个国家和地区运行。1994 年初 期全球有1,300,000 用户，截至1997 年10 月已突破55,000,000 用户。随着美国

后来在GSM 领域制造了一个词条PCS1900 作为GSM 的拓展,GSM 系统已发展至 各大洲,并且缩写词GSM 现在已可以代表移动通信的全局系统。

GSM 开发商选择了一个当时未经证明的数字系统，与后来的标准模式蜂窝系 统相对，就象美国叫AMPS，而英国叫TACS 一样。他们坚信能够推进压缩算法 和数字信号处理器使其能够根据质量和费用将原始标准和系统连续改善。GSM 推荐8,000 页设法使得在与供应商竞争之中体现灵活性和创新，但提供 足够的标准来保证在系统的组分之间适当配合工作。完成提供功能和接口描述的 功能个体在系统中都有定义。

第一代系统是模拟的。上个世纪80 年代初期在欧洲迅速发展。虽然所有北 欧国家使用TACS 系统，英国和意大利使用NMT 系统，它们之间还有各式各样 的系统不兼容。和这些系统相比，GSM 提供的更重要的第二代数字系统主要优势 体现在： 〃标准化； 〃容量； 〃质量； 〃安全。

标准化保证了不同国家系统之间的兼容性，允许采取了数字化标准的国家的 订户使用他们自己的终端。在第一代系统中缺乏标准化的有限服务为在国家的边 界之内。流动性被改进，漫游不再被限制到某一系统包括的面积之内。既使当用 户从一个国家移动到另一个国家，电话也可以使用同一个个人号码。因为网络的功能元件和这些元素之间的接口被规范化，操作员可以从不同的 供营商购买。这意味着所有制造商的移动电话能与任何网络沟通，即使这个网络 是由不同的供营商的功能元件建立的。这为操作员和订户带来费用成本的降低。此外，电话费用也降低了，因为GSM 是国际标准，生产数量大，竞争水平高。能力方面，数字系统如GSM 比模拟系统使用的无线资源更有效。这意味着 更多的用户可以使用同一频带。这就有可能利用先进的数字技术，如语音压缩算 法，信道编码和多址接入技术。请注意，无线电频率复用也取得了一定增益，这 也已用于模拟系统。频率复用意味着同一载波可以在不同的地区重复使用。由于这种信道编码方案，提高了可靠性及对噪音和其他用户或系统的干扰能 力，数字传输系统的质量更好了。质量改进的原因还在于改善了对无线连接的控 制，并适应传播条件下，使用先进的技术，如电源控制或跳频。质量改进的原因 还在于使用先进的技术如电源控制或跳频改善了无线连接的控制,，传播条件的适

应性等。这些将在下文中做更详尽的解释。

在安全方面，GSM 具有语音和数据通信的强大的认证和加密技术的功能，保 证了保护接入网络和保密性。

在移动通信系统中，一个最重要的因素就是频谱。为了最有效地利用带宽，系统设计的目的是通过基站的服务区到周边小区，理论上是一个正六边形。每个 小区有一个收发基站（BTS），其中，以避免相邻小区的不同无线信道在运行时 产生相互干扰。这样可以在不相邻的小区使用同一载频。一组小区，作为一个整 体，给运营商提供整个无线电频谱是指一个区群。小区的形状是不规则的，这取 决于是否有现成的基站，地理地形，无线电信号传播中存在的障碍，等等。例如，在人口密集的城市地区，移动电话的通行非常重要，小区的直径往往 会减小，以提高其通行能力。

这是允许的，因为同一频道只在一个较小的地区内使用。另一方面，小区直 径的减小导致使用同一频率的小区间的距离（即两个公共通道小区间的距离）缩 小了，增强了各频道之间的相互干扰。为了尽量提高抗干扰的能力，无线接口使 用了一系列技术。

一个基本的区群组织的结构如图1 所示。在这个例子中，我们看到了一个复 用模式的7 个不同的频率，f1 至f7。这些频率对应于每个小区的信标载波，整个

小区的信号信息就靠它们被传播出去（见第2.7 节）。从图中可以看出，某一载 波可在两个不同的地理区域重复使用，只要这两个地区离的足够远，相互之间的 干扰足够小。这一技术把地区分成小区和区群，经营者可以利用有限的带宽增加 覆盖区域的面积。

第四篇：英文翻译

School Profile

Jin Yuan Primary School was founded in 1966，and now it has 40 years‟ history.Thepredecessor of the school is ShiMian kuang Children Shool.In May 1993 ,It was placed under the Dalian Development Zone.In 2002, the new building was reconstruction in the school site.Now it occupies a total area of 18500 square meters, with a total construction area of 9020 square meters, it has got 30 class and 1478 students.Our school always adhere to the school mission-“To lay the foundation for the development of student life” and school

philosophy “To train the younger generation for adapting to the new society”.with “implementing quality education, making our school into modernization, distinctive characteristics, high-grade The 'people satisfaction' schools ”for the school mission and goals.Focusing on behavior, raising habits, pursuingdevelopment, hing research,benefit, the high quality;grasping

characteristics, treeing famous“ as the school ideas.”Innovation in operating a school, Distinctive Features,“ as the school way.Our school has been named the standardization of school facilities,education and management of Dalian advanced group, Green School of Dalian , big break in Dalianadvanced unit for physical education curriculum standard education health system,development zone course reform summary advanced unit, the characteristics of the development of school-based curriculum development awards such as prizes, Excellence Award and many other honors.In addition, teaching and research training center was also named the Development of information technology, sports, music, experimental point of school mental health disciplines.School emphasis on ”Science Education“, it has been named the Science and technology activities advanced units;land-sea model training base in Liaoning Province;Dalian Science and Technology Advanced Unit;advanced science and technology activities in Dalian youth units;The intelligent robot teaching activities carried out to further broaden the field of science teaching in recent years, we got soccer robot competition and the Youth Science and Technology Invention Contest winners many times in national, provincial and municipal.Our school was known by scientific and technological innovations, it has become a golden source of education and school characteristics of primary brand, and its fruitful results of educating people to win recognition of the higher education sector and social praise.Our school actively promoting international exchanges and cooperation.Based on the national culture, the students involved in multicultural perspective, let the student to have the ability to

communicate with different culture and cultural understanding

ability, feeling the other civilizations, inheriting Chinese culture, and for students build facing the world, developing yourself and

development of China's platform.At present,we have established the friendly and cooperative relations with Singapore, Britain and other countries of the schools.Our school is committed to the construction of educational information, establishing the educational information to promote the development strategy of modernization of school education.We was honored with the first model school education information by Dalian Municipal Bureau of Education.Physical education in our schoolis also flourished, we always adhere to the ”Sunshine Sports“ project.To ensure that every student at least one hour of exercise a day, each have a favorite sport, the school was named the physical education curriculum standards of Dalian advanced unit, DalianBig calisthenics demonstration school, Dalian”campus football

project“ Development of school.In recent years,school „s sports teams in all kinds of various game had good performance , and it becomes the school‟sbeautifulcard.Standing at a new starting point, facing the new century, we will try to”build multicultural education, reveal personality, improve

the educational grade, promote the connotation development" as our target, makes determined efforts, scientific planning, and strive to improve the level and constantly expand its reputation, trying to be the children paradise of JinYuan Primary School.

第五篇：英文翻译

whether the university student should pay more atteion on studying or not ?the answer issure.First of all,during these time,we can touch more things,whichwehave not ever meet before and make a graetinflunce on our future life,If we don't handle it well,maybe we will lose a lot of thingswe adapt to sociaty more easily and more diffcult.we have time to play, but when you are playing and relaxing, dont forget the things you must do at school.school life is on of the best sections of your life.you need school life and time to learn and do things.