第一篇：温家宝总理在新加坡国立大学发表演讲
温家宝总理在新加坡国立大学发表演讲（全文）
11月19日，国务院总理温家宝在新加坡国立大学发表演讲。新华社记者 高洁 摄
新华网新加坡１１月１９日电 国务院总理温家宝１９日在新加坡国立大学发表了题为《只有开放兼容，国家才能富强》的演讲。全文如下：
只有开放兼容，国家才能富强
——在新加坡国立大学的演讲
中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝
（２００７年１１月１９日）
尊敬的李光耀资政，尊敬的施春风校长，同学们、老师们，女士们，先生们，朋友们： 今天，我有机会到新加坡国立大学同各界知名人士和师生代表见面，感到十分高兴。首先，我向在座各位并通过你们向新加坡人民转达中国人民的诚挚问候和良好祝愿。
作为历史悠久、国际一流的高等学府，新加坡国立大学秉持“致力激发创意精神，教育学生并为国家和社会培养人才”的宗旨，培育了大批思想活跃、学识渊博的杰出人才。你们坚持“无墙文化”，提倡自由思想和人才交流，在百年校庆之际提出“思想任驰骋，生活显姿彩”的口号，彰显了开拓创新、造福社会的理念。我相信，按照贵校的宗旨和理念，依托优秀的师资队伍、雄厚的科研实力、广泛的国际合作关系，国大一定能够为国家和本地区以至全球提供更多的高质量教育成果。
这是我第四次踏上新加坡的国土。虽然每次逗留时间不长，但贵国的新发展和新变化令我印象深刻。独立４０多年后，新加坡发展成为全球最大集装箱港和航空枢纽，第三大商品交易中心和炼油中心，第五大外汇交易中心和亚洲三大金融中心之一，建成经济发达、秩序井然、廉洁高效、环境优美的国家。新加坡的发展成就源于贵国最珍贵的资产，这就是李光耀资政所说的“人民的信任、勤劳、节俭和好学”，也得益于资政先生倡导的新加坡生存之道——“必须比其他国家更有条理、更有效率和更具有竞争力”，还有一个重要原因，就是新加坡长期实行对外开放的政策。“国家虽小，兼容乃大”，新加坡通过对外开放，学习和借鉴其他国家的先进经验，其发展成就和影响力备受世人瞩目。
11月19日，国务院总理温家宝在新加坡国立大学发表演讲。新华社记者 高洁 摄
女士们，先生们：
对外开放不仅是新加坡发展的成功之路。从中国的历史发展来看，也可以得出这样的结论：只有开放兼容，国家才能富强，闭关锁国必然落后。中国有着对外开放的光辉历史。早在２０００多年前，中国汉朝就开始与西域交往，开辟了著名的丝绸之路。在７至８世纪中国唐代的鼎盛时期，更是对外交往频繁。１５世纪中国明代初期，航海家郑和七下西洋，最远到达了非洲的东海岸，带去中国的茶叶、丝绸和瓷器，表明那时中国有着相当强大的航海能力和综合国力。从时间上来说，比哥伦布、达·伽马远航早了近一个世纪。但郑和下西洋之后，中国的封建统治者却固步自封，限制乃至放弃海上活动，采取了“片舨不得出海”的政策，从而失去了一次重要的发展机遇。
１７世纪后期至１８世纪末，是中国清代的鼎盛时期，史称“康乾盛世”。那个时期，中国的工业产量位居世界前列。但正是在这个时候，欧洲诸国先后开始了近代资产阶级革命和产业革命，社会生产力迅速发展，后来居上。而中国当时的统治者对这一历史性大变革却茫然无知，仍沉迷于盲目自大之中，视西方科学技术为“奇技淫巧”。“康乾盛世”之后的１００多年，中国的发展大大落后了，国际地位急剧衰落，沦为半殖民地，备受外强欺侮。
中华人民共和国成立后，中国人民掌握了自己的命运，民族的独立和解放使中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。但在２０世纪６０、７０年代世界经济蓬勃发展和新科技革命浪潮兴起的时代，中国搞了长达１０年的“文化大革命”，错失了又一次发展良机。值得欣慰的是，从７０年代末开始，我们纠正了过去的错误，选择了改革开放的正确道路，对内实行改革，对外实行开放，开放也是改革。改革开放使我们抓住了新的历史机遇，实现了近３０年的高速发展，综合国力显著增强，人民生活得到很大改善，国际地位不断上升。
近３０年来，中国对外开放各项事业取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就。１９７８年，中国货物进出口总额仅２０６亿美元，２００６年达到１．７６万亿美元，增长了８４倍，跃居世界第三位。１９７８年以前，中国外汇储备从未超过１０亿美元，２００６年末已突破１万亿美元。对外贸易成为中国经济发展的重要支柱。通过引进国外的资金、技术和管理经验，进行消化、吸收和再创新，大大提高了中国的生产力水平，缩小了与发达国家的差距。同时，教育、文化、科技等各方面对外交流也日益增多。中国大批留学生到国外学习，他们中的许多人成为国家建设的有用之才。通过相互学习，使人们的思想更加解放，视野更加开阔，开放意识和创新能力有了很大提高。２００１年，中国加入世界贸易组织，标志着中国对外开放进入一个新的阶段。
中国近３０年的发展告诉我们，现在的世界是开放的世界，任何一个国家要发展，孤立起来，闭关自守是不可能的。我们建设中国特色社会主义，其根本目的就是要发展社会生产力，不断满足人民日益增长的物质文化需要。实现这个目标，我们必须致力于解决国内发展和改革面临的问题，同时必须坚持实行对外开放。
中国的对外开放是长期的。中国实行对外开放，使十几亿人民得到了实惠。我们的路子走对了，对国家有利，人民赞成，就变不了。如果变了，就会贻误国家的发展，丧失人心。这是中国对外开放长期性的根本基础。中国的改革和现代化建设需要对外开放。因此，对外开放是我们的基本国策，而不是权宜之计。实行这种方针政策的具体措施、方法，不同时期可能有所不同，但作为基本方针政策，是不会变的。改革开放初期我们就说，开放政策本世纪不变，下世纪前５０年不变，５０年以后，中国同国际上的经济交往将更加频繁，更加相互依赖，更不可分，开放政策更不可能改变。
中国的对外开放是全面的。我们不仅对发达国家开放，也对发展中国家开放。我们既有经济领域的开放，又有科技、教育、文化等领域的开放。中国的开放首先从经济特区开始，在试验成功后扩大到沿海开放城市、沿海开放地带，再扩大到内地，形成由点到线到片到面的全面开放格局。开放和兼容，两者是相互联系的。只有开放，先进的和有用的东西才能进得来；只有兼容，尊重不同文明，取长补短，才能使自己不断充实和强大起来。我们要大胆吸收和借鉴人类社会包括资本主义社会创造的一切文明成果，结合新的实践，进行新的创造，为我所用。中国的对外开放是互利的。我们在经济全球化条件下搞社会主义市场经济，理所当然要向世界开放，与其他国家经济相互依存，与国际市场密切联系，与世界经济相互交融。我们坚持同各国开展平等互利合作，按市场经济规律办事。对外开放不仅有利于中国的发展，也有利于世界的发展。中国吸收国外的资金、技术和管理经验，可以提高生产发展水平；外国也能从中获得利益和市场。只有双赢互利的开放才能持久，才能有利于各国人民的根本利益，促进世界和平与繁荣。
不久前中国共产党召开了第十七次代表大会，会议总结并充分肯定了近３０年改革开放的成就和经验，表明中国坚持改革开放、走中国特色社会主义道路的决心和信心。我们将坚定不移地实行对外开放，在更高水平上参与经济全球化的进程，着力解决目前形势下对外开放遇到的新问题。我们主张自由贸易，反对贸易保护主义。我们要加快转变外贸增长方式，改善外贸结构，努力缓解贸易不平衡矛盾。我们坚持利用外资的基本政策，创新利用外资方式，优化利用外资结构，提高利用外资水平。我们将继续按照主动性、渐进性、可控性的原则，完善人民币汇率形成机制，增强汇率弹性，逐步实现资本项目下的可兑换。我们高度重视产品质量和食品安全，对国内外消费者负责，按照国际标准进行生产，加强产品检验执法监督。我们对保护知识产权的态度是明确的，决心是坚定的，做了大量有成效的工作，并愿意继续深化与各国的知识产权合作。我们愿在《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》框架下，按照“共同但有区别的责任”原则，与世界各国一道，共同应对气候变化问题。我们已经建立并将继续完善对外开放的法律法规，使在华投资有法可依，其合法权益得到保护。
女士们，先生们：
开放兼容造就了新加坡的成就，开放兼容推动了中国的发展，中国与新加坡相互开放兼容使中新两国的合作突飞猛进。去年中新双边贸易额达到４０８．５亿美元，是１９９０年两国建交时的１５倍，两国互访人员超过１８０万，是建交时的１９倍。苏州工业园区不仅成为中新合作的亮点，也成为中国工业园区中的亮点。现在两国正在探索共建生态城市，这是中新两国与时俱进、谋求可持续发展的有益尝试。早在上世纪９０年代，邓小平先生就赞扬新加坡的社会秩序好，我们应该借鉴你们的经验。十几年来，到新加坡培训的中国官员超过９０００人。中国与新加坡发挥各自优势，相互借鉴，密切合作，实现了互利共赢。最近，在李光耀资政的倡议和带动下，新加坡中华总商会成立了“通商中国”组织，搭建了促进中新两国文化和工商界交流的新平台。我们希望，“通商中国”为中新关系发展开创新的天地。
回顾过去，展望未来，我们对中新两国关系发展的前景充满信心。目前，中国正在深入贯彻落实科学发展观，致力于全面建设小康社会，贵国也在打造“新的新加坡”战略，中新两国合作处于新的发展机遇期。我们将一如既往加强与新加坡的交流与合作。我们相信，由邓小平先生、李光耀先生等两国老一辈领导人奠定、并在几代领导人共同努力下发展起来的中新友好将世代传承，两国合作的未来将更加美好。
第二篇：温家宝总理在新加坡国立大学发表演讲
温家宝总理在新加坡国立大学发表演讲 只有开放兼容，国家才能富强 ——在新加坡国立大学的演讲
中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝
（2007年11月19日）
尊敬的李光耀资政，尊敬的施春风校长，同学们、老师们，女士们，先生们，朋友们：
今天，我有机会到新加坡国立大学同各界知名人士和师生代表见面，感到十分高兴。首先，我向在座各位并通过你们向新加坡人民转达中国人民的诚挚问候和良好祝愿。
作为历史悠久、国际一流的高等学府，新加坡国立大学秉持“致力激发创意精神，教育学生并为国家和社会培养人才”的宗旨，培育了大批思想活跃、学识渊博的杰出人才。你们坚持“无墙文化”，提倡自由思想和人才交流，在百年校庆之际提出“思想任驰骋，生活显姿彩”的口号，彰显了开拓创新、造福社会的理念。我相信，按照贵校的宗旨和理念，依托优秀的师资队伍、雄厚的科研实力、广泛的国际合作关系，国大一定能够为国家和本地区以至全球提供更多的高质量教育成果。
这是我第四次踏上新加坡的国土。虽然每次逗留时间不长，但贵国的新发展和新变化令我印象深刻。独立40多年后，新加坡发展成为全球最大集装箱港和航空枢纽，第三大商品交易中心和炼油中心，第五大外汇交易中心和亚洲三大金融中心之一，建成经济发达、秩序井然、廉洁高效、环境优美的国家。新加坡的发展成就源于贵国最珍贵的资产，这就是李光耀资政所说的“人民的信任、勤劳、节俭和好学”，也得益于资政先生倡导的新加坡生存之道——“必须比其他国家更有条理、更有效率和更具有竞争力”，还有一个重要原因，就是新加坡长期实行对外开放的政策。“国家虽小，兼容乃大”，新加坡通过对外开放，学习和借鉴其他国家的先进经验，其发展成就和影响力备受世人瞩目。
女士们，先生们：
对外开放不仅是新加坡发展的成功之路。从中国的历史发展来看，也可以得出这样的结论：只有开放兼容，国家才能富强，闭关锁国必然落后。中国有着对外开放的光辉历史。早在2000多年前，中国汉朝就开始与西域交往，开辟了著名的丝绸之路。在7至8世纪中国唐代的鼎盛时期，更是对外交往频繁。15世纪中国明代初期，航海家郑和七下西洋，最远到达了非洲的东海岸，带去中国的茶叶、丝绸和瓷器，表明那时中国有着相当强大的航海能力和综合国力。从时间上来说，比哥伦布、达·伽马远航早了近一个世纪。但郑和下西洋之后，中国的封建统治者却固步自封，限制乃至放弃海上活动，采取了“片舨不得出海”的政策，从而失去了一次重要的发展机遇。
17世纪后期至18世纪末，是中国清代的鼎盛时期，史称“康乾盛世”。那个时期，中国的工业产量位居世界前列。但正是在这个时候，欧洲诸国先后开始了近代资产阶级革命和产业革命，社会生产力迅速发展，后来居上。而中国当时的统治者对这一历史性大变革却茫然无知，仍沉迷于盲目自大之中，视西方科学技术为“奇技淫巧”。“康乾盛世”之后的100多年，中国的发展大大落后了，国际地位急剧衰落，沦为半殖民地，备受外强欺侮。
中华人民共和国成立后，中国人民掌握了自己的命运，民族的独立和解放使中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。但在20世纪60、70年代世界经济蓬勃发展和新科技革命浪潮兴起的时代，中国搞了长达10年的“文化大革命”，错失了又一次发展良机。值得欣慰的是，从70年代末开始，我们纠正了过去的错误，选择了改革开放的正确道路，对内实行改革，对外实行开放，开放也是改革。改革开放使我们抓住了新的历史机遇，实现了近30年的高速发展，综合国力显著增强，人民生活得到很大改善，国际地位不断上升。
近30年来，中国对外开放各项事业取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就。1978年，中国货物进出口总额仅206亿美元，2006年达到1.76万亿美元，增长了84倍，跃居世界第三位。1978年以前，中国外汇储备从未超过10亿美元，2006年末已突破1万亿美元。对外贸易成为中国经济发展的重要支柱。通过引进国外的资金、技术和管理经验，进行消化、吸收和再创新，大大提高了中国的生产力水平，缩小了与发达国家的差距。同时，教育、文化、科技等各方面对外交流也日益增多。中国大批留学生到国外学习，他们中的许多人成为国家建设的有用之才。通过相互学习，使人们的思想更加解放，视野更加开阔，开放意识和创新能力有了很大提高。2001年，中国加入世界贸易组织，标志着中国对外开放进入一个新的阶段。
中国近30年的发展告诉我们，现在的世界是开放的世界，任何一个国家要发展，孤立起来，闭关自守是不可能的。我们建设中国特色社会主义，其根本目的就是要发展社会生产力，不断满足人民日益增长的物质文化需要。实现这个目标，我们必须致力于解决国内发展和改革面临的问题，同时必须坚持实行对外开放。
中国的对外开放是长期的。中国实行对外开放，使十几亿人民得到了实惠。我们的路子走对了，对国家有利，人民赞成，就变不了。如果变了，就会贻误国家的发展，丧失人心。这是中国对外开放长期性的根本基础。中国的改革和现代化建设需要对外开放。因此，对外开放是我们的基本国策，而不是权宜之计。实行这种方针政策的具体措施、方法，不同时期可能有所不同，但作为基本方针政策，是不会变的。改革开放初期我们就说，开放政策本世纪不变，下世纪前50年不变，50年以后，中国同国际上的经济交往将更加频繁，更加相互依赖，更不可分，开放政策更不可能改变。
中国的对外开放是全面的。我们不仅对发达国家开放，也对发展中国家开放。我们既有经济领域的开放，又有科技、教育、文化等领域的开放。中国的开放首先从经济特区开始，在试验成功后扩大到沿海开放城市、沿海开放地带，再扩大到内地，形成由点到线到片到面的全面开放格局。开放和兼容，两者是相互联系的。只有开放，先进的和有用的东西才能进得来；只有兼容，尊重不同文明，取长补短，才能使自己不断充实和强大起来。我们要大胆吸收和借鉴人类社会包括资本主义社会创造的一切文明成果，结合新的实践，进行新的创造，为我所用。
中国的对外开放是互利的。我们在经济全球化条件下搞社会主义市场经济，理所当然要向世界开放，与其他国家经济相互依存，与国际市场密切联系，与世界经济相互交融。我们坚持同各国开展平等互利合作，按市场经济规律办事。对外开放不仅有利于中国的发展，也有利于世界的发展。中国吸收国外的资金、技术和管理经验，可以提高生产发展水平；外国也能从中获得利益和市场。只有双赢互利的开放才能持久，才能有利于各国人民的根本利益，促进世界和平与繁荣。
不久前中国共产党召开了第十七次代表大会，会议总结并充分肯定了近30年改革开放的成就和经验，表明中国坚持改革开放、走中国特色社会主义道路的决心和信心。我们将坚定不移地实行对外开放，在更高水平上参与经济全球化的进程，着力解决目前形势下对外开放遇到的新问题。我们主张自由贸易，反对贸易保护主义。我们要加快转变外贸增长方式，改善外贸结构，努力缓解贸易不平衡矛盾。我们坚持利用外资的基本政策，创新利用外资方式，优化利用外资结构，提高利用外资水平。我们将继续按照主动性、渐进性、可控性的原则，完善人民币汇率形成机制，增强汇率弹性，逐步实现资本项目下的可兑换。我们高度重视产品质量和食品安全，对国内外消费者负责，按照国际标准进行生产，加强产品检验执法监督。我们对保护知识产权的态度是明确的，决心是坚定的，做了大量有成效的工作，并愿意继续深化与各国的知识产权合作。我们愿在《联合国气候变化框架公约》和《京都议定书》框架下，按照“共同但有区别的责任”原则，与世界各国一道，共同应对气候变化问题。我们已经建立并将继续完善对外开放的法律法规，使在华投资有法可依，其合法权益得到保护。
女士们，先生们：
开放兼容造就了新加坡的成就，开放兼容推动了中国的发展，中国与新加坡相互开放兼容使中新两国的合作突飞猛进。去年中新双边贸易额达到408.5亿美元，是1990年两国建交时的15倍，两国互访人员超过180万，是建交时的19倍。苏州工业园区不仅成为中新合作的亮点，也成为中国工业园区中的亮点。现在两国正在探索共建生态城市，这是中新两国与时俱进、谋求可持续发展的有益尝试。早在上世纪90年代，邓小平先生就赞扬新加坡的社会秩序好，我们应该借鉴你们的经验。十几年来，到新加坡培训的中国官员超过9000人。中国与新加坡发挥各自优势，相互借鉴，密切合作，实现了互利共赢。最近，在李光耀资政的倡议和带动下，新加坡中华总商会成立了“通商中国”组织，搭建了促进中新两国文化和工商界交流的新平台。我们希望，“通商中国”为中新关系发展开创新的天地。
回顾过去，展望未来，我们对中新两国关系发展的前景充满信心。目前，中国正在深入贯彻落实科学发展观，致力于全面建设小康社会，贵国也在打造“新的新加坡”战略，中新两国合作处于新的发展机遇期。我们将一如既往加强与新加坡的交流与合作。我们相信，由邓小平先生、李光耀先生等两国老一辈领导人奠定、并在几代领导人共同努力下发展起来的中新友好将世代传承，两国合作的未来将更加美好。Only an Open and Inclusive Nation Can be Strong By Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council, People's Republic of China At National University of Singapore 19 November 2007
Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew, Mr.Shih Choon Fong, President of the National University of Singapore, Students and Faculty Members, Ladies and Gentlemen，Friends, I am delighted to have this opportunity of meeting you, leading public figures in Singapore and representatives of faculty and students of the National University of Singapore(NUS).Let me begin by conveying the warm greetings and best wishes of the Chinese people to you, and through you, to the people of Singapore.NUS has a long history and is internationally renowned.“Advance knowledge and foster innovation, educate students and nurture talent, in service of country and society.” Guided by this motto, NUS has produced many outstanding graduates well grounded in knowledge and with inquisitive mind.NUS has a “no walls” culture, that is, no walls around minds and no walls to talent.At its centenary, NUS committed itself to unleashing minds and transforming lives in keeping with the vision of fostering innovation and the spirit of enterprise for the betterment of society.I am convinced that guided by its mission and vision and with its first class faculty, strong scientific research capability and a network of partners around the world, NUS will, through its quality education, contribute more to Singapore, to Asia and to the whole world.This is my fourth visit to Singapore.Though my visits have all been short, I have never failed to be impressed by changes and progress made in Singapore.Thanks to its efforts made over the past 40 years since independence, Singapore has the busiest container port and airport in the world.It has grown into the world's third largest commodity trading center and oil refinery center and the fifth largest foreign exchange trading center.It is also one of the three largest financial centers in Asia.Singapore today is noted for prosperity, public order, clean government, high efficiency and a beautiful environment.Singapore's development achievements are attributable to your most valuable assets.And this is how Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew put it, “Our greatest asset was the trust and confidence of the people.The other valuable asset we had was our people ? hardworking, thrifty, eager to learn.” Your success is also attributable to Singapore's way of survival as advocated by the minister mentor, “to be better organized and more efficient and competitive than the rest of the region.” Another important cause for Singapore's success is that it has long pursued an open policy.A small country becomes big when it embraces the world.By opening itself to the outside world and drawing upon others' successful practices, Singapore has come a long way in development, with growing international influence.Ladies and Gentlemen，Opening up has worked not only for Singapore.A review of China's history leads to the same conclusion: Only an open and inclusive nation can become strong and prosperous, while a nation that shuts its door to the world is bound to fall behind.There were proud chapters of opening up in China's history.As early as 2,000 years ago in the Han Dynasty, China opened the famous Silk Road and started exchanges with West Asia.During the prime time of the Tang Dynasty in the 7th and 8th centuries, the country was engaged in frequent interaction with the outside world.In the early Ming Dynasty in the 15th century, Zheng He, the famous Chinese navigator, led a fleet on seven expeditions to the Western Seas, reaching as far as the east coast of Africa.He brought tea, silk and porcelain to the local people.These voyages demonstrated China's strong maritime capabilities and overall national strength at that time.Zheng He's expeditions were almost a century earlier than those of Columbus or Da Gama.But after Zheng He, the Chinese feudal rulers at the time turned inward and began to restrict and later completely banned ocean-going voyages, missing out on an important opportunity for development.The Qing Dynasty reached its apex in the period between late 17th century and the end of the 18th century, noted for unprecedented peace and prosperity during the reign of Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong.At that time, China was a leading industrial producer in the world.It was, however, during this period that European countries embarked on the path of modern capitalist revolution and the Industrial Revolution.They unleashed productive forces and overtook China.The Chinese rulers at that time, ignorant of this historical transformation, continued to indulge in complacency.They dismissed Western science and technology as “clever but useless”.In the 100 years and more after Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong's reign, China was left far behind in development and its international standing plummeted and it became a semi-colonial country subjected to humiliation by foreign powers.The founding of the People's Republic of China marked the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation and brought about profound changes in the country.But in the 1960s and 1970s when waves of dynamic economic growth and scientific and technological revolution were sweeping across much of the world, China was in the grip of the decade-long “Cultural Revolution”.It thus lost another good opportunity for development.Fortunately, we changed course in the late 1970s and embarked on the track of reform and opening up, that is, to carry out reform domestically and open up externally.Opening up is also a part of China's overall reform efforts.By pursuing the policy of reform and opening-up, we have seized the new historical opportunity and achieved fast development for almost 30 years.As a result, China's overall national strength has been greatly enhanced, the living standards of its people have significantly improved and the country's international standing has steadily risen.China has made remarkable achievements in its opening-up endeavor in the past three decades.Its import and export in goods, only US$20.6 billion in 1978, reached US$1.76 trillion in 2006, registering an 84-fold increase.This turned China into the third largest trading nation in the world.China's foreign exchange reserves, which never exceeded US$1 billion before 1978, surpassed US$1 trillion at the end of 2006.Foreign trade has become a key pillar underpinning China's economic development.By introducing foreign capital, technologies and managerial expertise and using them as a basis for making innovation, we have greatly boosted productivity and narrowed the gap between China and developed countries.We have increased exchanges with other countries in education, culture, science and technology and other fields.A great number of Chinese students have studied overseas and many of them have returned to China, contributing their share to its development endeavor.By drawing on the strengths of others, the people in China have freed their minds and broadened their visions and become more open and creative.China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, which marked a new stage in its opening up drive.This is what we have learned from China's success in development over the past nearly 30 years: The world today is an open one.No country can achieve development in isolation or seclusion.We in China are working to build socialism with distinctive Chinese features, and our fundamental objective is to boost productive forces and meet the increasing material and cultural needs of the people.To meet this goal, we must address issues arising in the course of domestic development and reform and remain committed to opening up.China's opening up policy is a long-term one.Opening up has brought great benefits to more than one billion Chinese.It is the right policy for China and has the support of the people, and it will therefore not change.To deviate from this policy will only impede China's development and we will lose popular support.This is the fundamental reason why China will stay on the track of opening up.Opening up is crucial to China's reform and modernization endeavor.It is a basic state policy, not expediency.Though the specific measures and means to implement this policy may differ in different stages, the basic policy will not change.At the beginning of China's reform and opening up, we assured the world that China's opening up policy would remain unchanged in the 20th century and the first half of the 21st century.After the mid-21st century, China will have more frequent economic interactions with the rest of the world, and the two will become even more inter-dependent and indivisible.This will make it even less likely for China to reverse its opening up policy.China's opening up is comprehensive in nature.We are open not only to developed countries, but also to developing countries.We are open not only in the economic field, but also in the scientific, technological, educational, cultural and other fields.China first introduced the opening up policy in its special economic zones on a trial basis.Following their success, we proceeded to implement this policy in coastal cities and areas, and then in the hinterland.The opening up policy has been pursued in a gradual way ? from selected cities to regions and then to the whole country.Openness and inclusiveness are two sides of the same coin.Only by opening China can we bring in advanced and successful practices.And only by being inclusive, which calls for respect for different cultures and mutual learning, can we enrich and strengthen ourselves.We should boldly absorb and draw upon all the achievements of the human society, including those of the capitalist countries, build on them and make innovations.China's opening up policy is based on mutual benefit.We are developing a socialist market economy under the conditions of economic globalization, and this naturally means we should open ourselves to the world, build inter-dependent economic ties with other countries, gain close access to the international market and integrate ourselves into the world economy.We are committed to carrying out mutually beneficial cooperation on an equal footing with other countries in accordance with the law of the market.Opening up not only benefits China's development, but also contributes to world's economic development.By introducing foreign capital, technologies and managerial expertise, China has upgraded its production capacity, and this has also enabled other countries to gain benefits and increase their market shares in China.Only on the basis of mutual benefit and win-win progress can opening up endure and be conducive to the fundamental interests of all peoples and peace and prosperity of the world.The Communist Party of China held its 17th National Congress not long ago.The Congress reviewed and affirmed the achievements we have made and experience we have gained in the course of reform and opening up over the past nearly 30 years.The Party Congress highlighted China's resolve to pursue reform and opening up and build socialism with distinctive Chinese features and its confidence in accomplishing this endeavor.We will unswervingly follow the opening up policy, move up the value chain as we participate in economic globalization, and focus on addressing new issues in opening up that have arisen under the current circumstances.We stand for free trade and oppose protectionism.We will speed up changing the mode of trade growth, improve trade mix and strive to reduce trade imbalances.We are committed to the basic policy of using foreign capital and will develop innovative ways of using foreign capital, improve its structure and raise its efficiency.We will continue to follow an independent, gradual and controllable approach in improving the RMB exchange rate mechanism, increase its flexibility and gradually make RMB convertible under capital account.We take product quality and food safety seriously and work to uphold the interests of both Chinese and foreign consumers.We comply with international standards in production and have enhanced law enforcement of and supervision over product testing and inspection.We are fully committed to protecting intellectual property rights and have made a lot of effective efforts in this area.We stand ready to deepen cooperation in IPR protection with other countries.We are ready to work with all other countries to jointly tackle climate change within the framework of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol and in accordance with the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”.We have put in place the legal framework governing opening up and will continue to improve it to place foreign investment activities in China under the rule of law and protect the lawful rights and interests of foreign investors.Ladies and Gentlemen，Opening up and inclusiveness have both created Singapore's success and contributed to China's development.Mutual opening up and inclusiveness between China and Singapore have led to rapid growth in our cooperation.Last year, China-Singapore trade totaled US$40.85 billion, 15 times the figure of 1990 when our two countries established diplomatic ties.Last year saw 1.8 million mutual visits between China and Singapore, a 19-fold increase over 1990.The Suzhou Industrial Park, in which Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew has invested a lot of time and energy, has become a success story not only in China-Singapore cooperation, but also among China's industrial parks.Our two countries are exploring the building of an eco-city.This will be a good initiative to be taken by China and Singapore to promote sustainable development in keeping with the trends of the times.Back in the early 1990s, Mr.Deng Xiaoping highly commended Singapore on its public order and said that China should draw upon its experience.In the past decade and more, over 9,000 Chinese officials have received training in Singapore.By drawing on their respective strengths and maintaining close cooperation, China and Singapore have both become winners.Responding to the proposal made by Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew, the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry has recently set up an organization known as “Business China”, which offers a new platform for conducting cultural and business exchanges between the two countries.We hope “Business China” will create more opportunities for the growth of China-Singapore relations.Reviewing the past and looking ahead to the future, we have every confidence in the future of China-Singapore relations.Guided by the Scientific Outlook on Development, we in China are striving to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and you are pursuing the strategy to remake Singapore.This has provided new opportunities for our two countries to carry out cooperation in development.We will continue to increase exchanges and cooperation with Singapore.The foundation of China-Singapore friendship was laid by Mr.Deng Xiaoping and Mr.Lee Kuan Yew, and new generations of leaders in both countries have worked hard to build this friendship.We are confident that our friendship will be carried forward from generation to generation, and our cooperation will have an even brighter future.
第三篇：温家宝总理在英国剑桥大学发表演讲(中英文)
温家宝总理在英国剑桥大学发表演讲（中英文）
CAMBRIDGE, Britain, Feb.2(Xinhua)--The following is the full text of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's speech at the University of Cambridge on Monday.See China in the Light of Her Development Speech at the University of Cambridge Wen Jiabao
Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China 2 February 2009
Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen，It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.The title of my speech today is “See China in the Light of Her Development”.My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, “From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.” The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the “hero tree”, because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning “A country will emerge stronger from adversities.” I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others' experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others' successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.Ladies and Gentlemen，I stress the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and ossified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one's own interests at the expense of others;and third, address both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.The fallout of the financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are:
First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China's GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a massive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businesses and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.Third, make energetic efforts for progress and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is possible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices, development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries, Britain included.This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The loss of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have crossed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every businessman should flow the blood of morality.Ladies and Gentlemen，Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.Thank you!
新华网英国剑桥２月２日电 国务院总理温家宝２日在英国剑桥大学具有５００年历史的“瑞德讲坛”发表了题为《用发展的眼光看中国》的演讲。全文如下：
用发展的眼光看中国
━━在剑桥大学的演讲
中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝
尊敬的理查德校长，女士们，先生们：
来到向往已久的剑桥大学，非常高兴。剑桥举世闻名，培养出牛顿、达尔文、培根等许多杰出的科学家、思想家，为人类文明进步作出了重要贡献。今年是剑桥建校８００周年，我谨致以热烈祝贺！这是我第四次访问英国。中英相距遥远，但两国人民的友好交往不断增多。香港问题的圆满解决，经贸、文教、科技等领域的有效合作，为发展中英全面战略伙伴关系奠定了坚实基础。在此，我向长期致力于中英友好的朋友们表示崇高的敬意！
今天，我演讲的题目是：用发展的眼光看中国。
我深深爱着的祖国——古老而又年轻。
说她古老，她是一个有着数千年文明史的东方大国。中华民族以自己的勤劳和智慧，创造了灿烂的古代文明，对人类发展作出过重大贡献。
说她年轻，新中国成立才６０年，改革开放才３０年。中国人民经过长期不懈的斗争建立了新中国，又经过艰苦的探索，终于找到了适合国情的发展道路——中国特色社会主义道路，文明古国焕发了青春活力。
中国改革开放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有长远意义的是体制创新。我们推进经济体制改革，建立了社会主义市场经济体制。在政府的宏观调控下，充分发挥市场对资源配置的基础性作用。我们深化政治体制改革，把发展民主和完善法制结合起来，实行人民当家作主，依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家。
改革开放的实质，就是坚持以人为本，通过解放和发展生产力满足人们日益增长的物质文化需求，在公正的条件下促进人的全面发展；就是保障人民的民主权利，让国家政通人和、兴旺发达；就是维护人的尊严和自由，让每个人的智慧和力量得以迸发，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。
３０年来，中国贫困人口减少了２亿多，人均寿命提高了５岁，８３００万残疾人得到政府和社会的特殊关爱，这是中国保障人权的光辉业绩。九年免费义务教育的推行，农村合作医疗制度的建立，社会保障体系的完善，使学有所教、病有所医、老有所养的理想，正在变为现实。
我愿借用两句唐诗形容中国的现状：“潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。”中国人正在努力实现现代化，这是一个古而又新的发展中大国进行的一场伟大实践。掌握了自己命运的中国人民，对未来充满信心！
我深深爱着的祖国——历经磨难而又自强不息。
我年轻时曾长期工作在中国的西北地区。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生长着一种稀有的树种，叫胡杨。它扎根地下５０多米，抗干旱、斗风沙、耐盐碱，生命力极其顽强。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人称为英雄树。我非常喜欢胡杨，它是中华民族坚韧不拔精神的象征。
千百年来，中华民族一次次战胜了天灾人祸，渡过了急流险滩，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的灾难，铸就了她百折不挠、自强不息的品格。中华民族的历史证明了一个真理：一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。
此时此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震灾区的亲身经历。去年５月，四川汶川发生震惊世界的特大地震，北川中学被夷为平地，孩子伤亡惨重。可是，时隔１０天，当我第二次来到这里时，乡亲们已在废墟上搭起了板房教室，校园里又回荡着孩子们朗朗的读书声。当时我在黑板上，给同学们写下了“多难兴邦”几个字。地震发生以来，我７次到汶川灾区，碰到这样感人的事迹不胜枚举。我为我们中华民族这种愈挫愈奋的精神深深感动。这种伟大的精神，正是我们的民族饱经忧患而愈益坚强、生生不息的力量源泉。
经过半个多世纪的艰苦奋斗，中国有了比较大的发展，经济总量跃居世界前列，但我们仍然是一个发展中国家，同发达国家相比还有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，这种基本国情还没有从根本上得到改变。中国的人均ＧＤＰ水平，排在世界１００位之后，仅为英国的１／１６左右。到过中国旅游的朋友，你们所看到的城市是现代的，而我们的农村还比较落后。
到本世纪中叶，中国要基本实现现代化，面临三大历史任务：既要努力实现欧洲早已完成的工业化，又要追赶新科技革命的浪潮；既要不断提高经济发展水平，又要实现社会公平正义；既要实现国内的可持续发展，又要承担相应的国际责任。中国要赶上发达国家水平，还有很长很长的路要走，还会遇到许多艰难险阻。但是，任何困难都阻挡不住中国人民前进的步伐，只要我们坚持不懈地努力奋斗，中国现代化的目标就一定能够实现。
我深深爱着的祖国——珍视传统而又开放兼容。
中华传统文化底蕴深厚、博大精深。“和”在中国古代历史上被奉为最高价值，是中华文化的精髓。中国古老的经典——《尚书》就提出“百姓昭明，协和万邦”的理想，主张人民和睦相处，国家友好往来。“和为贵”的文化传统，哺育了中华民族宽广博大的胸怀。我们的民族，既能像大地承载万物一样，宽厚包容；又能像苍天刚健运行一样，彰显正义。
１５世纪，中国著名航海家郑和七下西洋，到过三十几个国家。他带去了中国的茶叶、丝绸、瓷器，还帮助沿途有的国家剿灭海盗，真正做到了播仁爱于友邦。
国强必霸，不适合中国。称霸，既有悖于我们的文化传统，也违背中国人民意志。中国的发展不损害任何人，也不威胁任何人。中国要做和平的大国、学习的大国、合作的大国，致力于建设一个和谐的世界。
不同国家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互学习。今天的中国，有３亿人在学英语(Q吧)，有１００多万青年人在国外留学。我们的电视、广播、出版等新闻传媒，天天都在介绍世界各地的文化艺术。正因为我们善于在交流中学习，在借鉴中收获，才有今天中国的繁荣和进步。
进入２１世纪，经济全球化、信息网络化，已经把世界连成一体，文化的发展将不再是各自封闭的，而是在相互影响中多元共存。一个国家、一个民族对人类文化贡献的大小，越来越取决于她吸收外来文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中国将永远坚持开放兼容的方针，既珍视传统，又博采众长，用文明的方式、和谐的方式实现经济繁荣和社会进步。
女士们，先生们！
我之所以强调用发展的眼光看中国，就是因为世界在变，中国也在变。如今的中国，早已不是一百年前封闭落后的旧中国，也不是３０年前贫穷僵化的中国。经过改革开放，中国的面貌已焕然一新。北京奥运会向世界展示的，就是这样一个古老、多彩和现代的中国。我希望朋友们，多到中国走一走、看一看，了解今天的中国人究竟在想什么、做什么、关心什么。这样，有助于你们认识一个真实的、不断发展变化着的中国，也有助于你们了解中国是如何应对当前这场全球性金融危机的。
在这场前所未有的世界金融危机中，中国和包括英国在内的欧洲都受到严重冲击。现在危机尚未见底，由此可能带来的各种严重后果还难以预料。合作应对、共渡难关，是我们的首要任务。
我认为，应对全球性危机，需要增进合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中国政府主张：第一，要首先办好各国自己的事情，不把麻烦推给别人；第二，要精诚合作，不搞以邻为壑；第三，要标本兼治，不能头疼医头、脚疼医脚。我在达沃斯会议上已重申，应该对国际货币金融体系进行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际金融新秩序，努力营造有利于全球经济发展的制度环境。
这里我想谈一谈中国是如何应对这场金融危机的。
金融危机对中国实体经济的影响日益显现。从去年第三季度以来，出口大幅下滑，经济增速放缓，就业压力加大。中国经济面临着严峻的局面。面对危机，我们果断决策，及时调整宏观经济政策取向，迅速出台扩大国内需求的十项措施，陆续制定了一系列政策，形成了系统完整的促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。主要包括以下几个方面：
一是大规模增加政府支出扩大内需。中国政府推出了以财政支出带动社会投资，总额达４万亿元的两年计划，规模相当于２００７年中国ＧＤＰ的１６％。主要投向保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、铁路交通等基础设施、社会事业、生态环保建设和地震灾后恢复重建。中国政府还推出了大规模的减税计划，一年可减轻企业和居民负担约５０００亿元。我们还大幅度降息和增加银行体系流动性，出台了一系列金融措施。
二是大范围实施产业调整振兴计划。我们全面推进产业结构调整和优化升级，制定汽车、钢铁等十个重点产业的调整和振兴规划。我们采取经济和技术的措施，大力推进节能减排，推进企业兼并重组，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。我们鼓励和支持企业广泛应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，开发适销对路产品。
三是大力推进科技进步和创新。科技是克服金融危机的根本力量。每一场大的危机常常伴随一场新的科技革命；每一次经济的复苏，都离不开技术创新。我们加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划，特别是核心电子器件、核能开发利用、高档数控机床等１６个重大专项，突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，为中国经济在更高水平上实现可持续发展提供科技支撑。推动发展高新技术产业群，培育新的经济增长点。我们就是要依靠科学技术的重大突破，创造新的社会需求，催生新一轮的经济繁荣。四是大幅度提高社会保障水平。继续提高企业退休人员基本养老金，提高失业保险金和工伤保险金标准，提高城乡低保、农村五保等保障水平。积极推进医药卫生体制改革，力争用三年时间基本建成覆盖全国城乡的基本医疗卫生制度，初步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。我们坚持优先发展教育，正在制定《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》。我们实施更加积极的就业政策，重点解决高校毕业生和农民工就业问题。开辟就业岗位，缓解就业压力。
我们采取这些措施，把扩大国内需求、调整振兴产业、加强科技支撑、强化社会保障结合起来，把拉动经济增长和改善民生、增加就业结合起来，把克服当前困难和促进长远发展结合起来。这样做，有利于中国的发展，也将给包括英国在内的世界各国企业带来巨大的商机。
这场百年一遇的金融危机，留给世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人们，对现行的经济体制和经济理论，应该进行深刻的反思。
中国曾长期实行高度集中的计划经济，把计划看成是绝对的，束缚了生产力的发展。这场金融危机使我们看到，市场也不是万能的，一味放任自由，势必引起经济秩序的混乱和社会分配的不公，最终受到惩罚。真正的市场化改革，决不会把市场机制与国家宏观调控对立起来。既要发挥市场这只看不见的手的作用，又要发挥政府和社会监管这只看得见的手的作用。两手都要硬，两手同时发挥作用，才能实现按照市场规律配置资源，也才能使资源配置合理、协调、平衡、可持续。
国际金融危机再次告诉人们，不受监管的市场经济是多么可怕。从上世纪９０年代以来，一些经济体疏于监管，一些金融机构受利益驱动，利用数十倍的金融杠杆进行超额融资，在获取高额利润的同时，把巨大的风险留给整个世界。这充分说明，不受管理的市场经济是注定行不通的。因此，必须处理好金融创新与金融监管的关系、虚拟经济与实体经济的关系、储蓄与消费的关系。
有效应对这场危机，还必须高度重视道德的作用。道德是世界上最伟大的，道德的光芒甚至比阳光还要灿烂。真正的经济学理论，决不会同最高的伦理道德准则产生冲突。经济学说应该代表公正和诚信，平等地促进所有人，包括最弱势人群的福祉。被誉为现代经济学之父的亚当·斯密在《道德情操论》中指出：“如果一个社会的经济发展成果不能真正分流到大众手中，那么它在道义上将是不得人心的，而且是有风险的，因为它注定要威胁社会稳定。”道德缺失是导致这次金融危机的一个深层次原因。一些人见利忘义，损害公众利益，丧失了道德底线。我们应该倡导：企业要承担社会责任，企业家身上要流淌着道德的血液。
女士们，先生们！
英国是我这次欧洲之行的最后一站。这次访问，加深了我对欧洲的了解。中欧合作已经站在一个新的历史起点上。我对中欧发展全面战略伙伴关系更加充满信心。我们之间不存在历史遗留问题，也不存在根本利害冲突。中欧合作基础坚实，前景光明。英国是最早进入现代化的国家，你们在发展经济、保护环境等方面，都有许多成功的经验。我们愿意向你们学习，加强交流与合作。
未来属于青年一代。中英关系的美好前景要靠青年去开拓。抚今追昔，我想起对中英文化交流作出重要贡献的剑桥校友李约瑟博士。他的鸿篇巨著《中国科学技术史》，在东西方两大文明之间架起了一座桥梁。继承传统、勇于创新，是剑桥大学的优秀品格。希望更多的剑桥人关注中国，用发展的眼光看中国，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英两国青年相互学习，携手共进，一定会谱写出中英关系的崭新篇章。
谢谢大家！
第四篇：温家宝总理在剑桥大学的演讲
温家宝总理在剑桥大学的演讲
用发展的眼光看中国
See China in the Light of Her Development
━━在剑桥大学的演讲
Speech at the University of Cambridge
中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝 2009年2月2日
Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 2 February 2009
尊敬的理查德校长，女士们，先生们：
Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen，来到向往已久的剑桥大学，非常高兴。剑桥举世闻名，培养出牛顿、达尔文、培根等 许多杰出的科学家、思想家，为人类文明进步作出了重要贡献。今年是剑桥建校800周年，我谨致以热烈祝贺！
It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.这是我第四次访问英国。中英相距遥远，但两国人民的友好交往不断增多。香港问题的圆满解决，经贸、文教、科技等领域的有效合作，为发展中英全面战略伙伴关系奠定了坚实基础。在此，我向长期致力于中英友好的朋友们表示崇高的敬意！
This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.今天，我演讲的题目是：用发展的眼光看中国。
The title of my speech today is See China in the Light of Her Development.我深深爱着的祖国——古老而又年轻。[/B][/B]
My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.说她古老，她是一个有着数千年文明史的东方大国。中华民族以自己的勤劳和智慧，创造了灿烂的古代文明，对人类发展作出过重大贡献。
She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.说她年轻，新中国成立才60年，改革开放才30年。中国人民经过长期不懈的斗争建立了新中国，又经过艰苦的探索，终于找到了适合国情的发展道路——中国特色社会主义道路，文明古国焕发了青春活力。
She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.中国改革开放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有长远意义的是体制创新。我们推进经济体制改革，建立了社会主义市场经济体制。在政府的宏观调控下，充分发挥市场对资源配置的基础性作用。我们深化政治体制改革，把发展民主和完善法制结合起来，实行人民当家作主，依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家。
The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.改革开放的实质，就是坚持以人为本，通过解放和发展生产力满足人们日益增长的物质文化需求，在公正的条件下促进人的全面发展；就是保障人民的民主权利，让国家政通人和、兴旺发达；就是维护人的尊严和自由，让每个人的智慧和力量得以迸发，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。
The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.30年来，中国贫困人口减少了2亿多，人均寿命提高了5岁，8300万残疾人得到政府和社会的特殊关爱，这是中国保障人权的光辉业绩。九年免费义务教育的推行，农村合作医疗制度的建立，社会保障体系的完善，使学有所教、病有所医、老有所养的理想，正在变为现实。
Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.我愿借用两句唐诗形容中国的现状：“潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。”中国人正在努力实现现代化，这是一个古而又新的发展中大国进行的一场伟大实践。掌握了自己命运的中国人民，对未来充满信心！
I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.我深深爱着的祖国——历经磨难而又自强不息。[/B][/B]
My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.我年轻时曾长期工作在中国的西北地区。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生长着一种稀有的树种，叫胡杨。它扎根地下50多米，抗干旱、斗风沙、耐盐碱，生命力极其顽强。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人称为英雄树。我非常喜欢胡杨，它是中华民族坚韧不拔精神的象征。
Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the hero tree, because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.千百年来，中华民族一次次战胜了天灾人祸，渡过了急流险滩，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的灾难，铸就了她百折不挠、自强不息的品格。中华民族的历史证明了一个真理：一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。
Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.www.xiexiebang.com
此时此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震灾区的亲身经历。去年5月，四川汶川发生震惊世界的特大地震，北川中学被夷为平地，孩子伤亡惨重。可是，时隔10天，当我第二次来到这里时，乡亲们已在废墟上搭起了板房教室，校园里又回荡着孩子们朗朗的读书声。当时我在黑板上，给同学们写下了“多难兴邦”几个字。地震发生以来，我7次到汶川灾区，碰到这样感人的事迹不胜枚举。我为我们中华民族这种愈挫愈奋的精神深深感动。这种伟大的精神，正是我们的民族饱经忧患而愈益坚强、生生不息的力量源泉。
I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning A country will emerge stronger from adversities.I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.经过半个多世纪的艰苦奋斗，中国有了比较大的发展，经济总量跃居世界前列，但我们仍然是一个发展中国家，同发达国家相比还有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，这种基本国情还没有从根本上得到改变。中国的人均GDP水平，排在世界100位之后，仅为英国的1/16左右。到过中国旅游的朋友，你们所看到的城市是现代的，而我们的农村还比较落后。
With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.到本世纪中叶，中国要基本实现现代化，面临三大历史任务：既要努力实现欧洲早已完成的工业化，又要追赶新科技革命的浪潮；既要不断提高经济发展水平，又要实现社会公平正义；既要实现国内的可持续发展，又要承担相应的国际责任。中国要赶上发达国家水平，还有很长很长的路要走，还会遇到许多艰难险阻。但是，任何困难都阻挡不住中国人民前进的步伐，只要我们坚持不懈地努力奋斗，中国现代化的目标就一定能够实现。
To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.我深深爱着的祖国——珍视传统而又开放兼容。[/B][/B]
My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.中华传统文化底蕴深厚、博大精深。“和”在中国古代历史上被奉为最高价值，是中华文化的精髓。中国古老的经典——《尚书》就提出“百姓昭明，协和万邦”的理想，主张人民和睦相处，国家友好往来。
The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.“和为贵”的文化传统，哺育了中华民族宽广博大的胸怀。我们的民族，既能像大地承载万物一样，宽厚包容；又能像苍天刚健运行一样，彰显正义。
The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.15世纪，中国着名航海家郑和七下西洋，到过三十几个国家。他带去了中国的茶叶、丝绸、瓷器，还帮助沿途有的国家剿灭海盗，真正做到了播仁爱于友邦。
In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.国强必霸，不适合中国。称霸，既有悖于我们的文化传统，也违背中国人民意志。中国的发展不损害任何人，也不威胁任何人。中国要做和平的大国、学习的大国、合作的大国，致力于建设一个和谐的世界。
The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.不同国家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互学习。今天的中国，有3亿人在学英语，有100多万青年人在国外留学。我们的电视、广播、出版等新闻传媒，天天都在介绍世界各地的文化艺术。正因为我们善于在交流中学习，在借鉴中收获，才有今天中国的繁荣和进步。
Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others' experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.进入21世纪，经济全球化、信息网络化，已经把世界连成一体，文化的发展将不再是各自封闭的，而是在相互影响中多元共存。一个国家、一个民族对人类文化贡献的大小，越来越取决于她吸收外来文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中国将永远坚持开放兼容的方针，既珍视传统，又博采众长，用文明的方式、和谐的方式实现经济繁荣和社会进步。
In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others' successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.女士们，先生们！
Ladies and Gentlemen，我之所以强调用发展的眼光看中国，就是因为世界在变，中国也在变。如今的中国，早已不是一百年前封闭落后的旧中国，也不是30年前贫穷僵化的中国。经过改革开放，中国的面貌已焕然一新。北京奥运会向世界展示的，就是这样一个古老、多彩和现代的中国。我希望朋友们，多到中国走一走、看一看，了解今天的中国人究竟在想什么、做什么、关心什么。这样，有助于你们认识一个真实的、不断发展变化着的中国，也有助于你们了解中国是如何应对当前这场全球性金融危机的。
I stress the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and ossified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.在这场前所未有的世界金融危机中，中国和包括英国在内的欧洲都受到严重冲击。现在危机尚未见底，由此可能带来的各种严重后果还难以预料。合作应对、共渡难关，是我们的首要任务。
This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.我认为，应对全球性危机，需要增进合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中国政府主张：第一，要首先办好各国自己的事情，不把麻烦推给别人；第二，要精诚合作，不搞以邻为壑；第三，要标本兼治，不能头疼医头、脚疼医脚。我在达沃斯会议上已重申，应该对国际货币金融体系进行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际金融新秩序，努力营造有利于全球经济发展的制度环境。
I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one's own interests at the expense of others;and third, address both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.www.xiexiebang.com
这里我想谈一谈中国是如何应对这场金融危机的。
Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.金融危机对中国实体经济的影响日益显现。从去年第三季度以来，出口大幅下滑，经济增速放缓，就业压力加大。中国经济面临着严峻的局面。面对危机，我们果断决策，及时调整宏观经济政策取向，迅速出台扩大国内需求的十项措施，陆续制定了一系列政策，形成了系统完整的促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。主要包括以下几个方面：
The fallout of the financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are:
一是大规模增加政府支出扩大内需。中国政府推出了以财政支出带动社会投资，总额达4万亿元的两年计划，规模相当于2007年中国GDP的16%。主要投向保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、铁路交通等基础设施、社会事业、生态环保建设和地震灾后恢复重建。中国政府还推出了大规模的减税计划，一年可减轻企业和居民负担约5000亿元。我们还大幅度降息和增加银行体系流动性，出台了一系列金融措施。
First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China's GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a massive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businesses and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.二是大范围实施产业调金融危机整振兴计划。我们全面推进产业结构调整和优化升级，制定汽车、钢铁等十个重点产业的调整和振兴规划。我们采取经济和技术的措施，大力推进节能减排，推进企业兼并重组，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。我们鼓励和支持企业广泛应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，开发适销对路产品。
Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.三是大力推进科技进步和创新。科技是克服金融危机的根本力量。每一场大的危机常常伴随一场新的科技革命；每一次经济的复苏，都离不开技术创新。我们加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划，特别是核心电子器件、核能开发利用、高档数控机床等16个重大专项，突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，为中国经济在更高水平上实现可持续发展提供科技支撑。推动发展高新技术产业群，培育新的经济增长点。我们就是要依靠科学技术的重大突破，创造新的社会需求，催生新一轮的经济繁荣。
Third, make energetic efforts for progress and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is possible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices, development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.四是大幅度提高社会保障水平。继续提高企业退休人员基本养老金，提高失业保险金和工伤保险金标准，提高城乡低保、农村五保等保障水平。积极推进医药卫生体制改革，力争用三年时间基本建成覆盖全国城乡的基本医疗卫生制度，初步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。我们坚持优先发展教育，正在制定《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》。我们实施更加积极的就业政策，重点解决高校毕业生和农民工就业问题。开辟就业岗位，缓解就业压力。我们采取这些措施，把扩大国内需求、调整振兴产业、加强科技支撑、强化社会保障结合起来，把拉动经济增长和改善民生、增加就业结合起来，把克服当前困难和促进长远发展结合起来。这样做，有利于中国的发展，也将给包括英国在内的世界各国企业带来巨大的商机。
Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries, Britain included.这场百年一遇的金融危机，留给世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人们，对现行的经济体制和经济理论，应该进行深刻的反思。
This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.www.xiexiebang.com
中国曾长期实行高度集中的计划经济，把计划看成是绝对的，束缚了生产力的发展。这场金融危机使我们看到，市场也不是万能的，一味放任自由，势必引起经济秩序的混乱和社会分配的不公，最终受到惩罚。真正的市场化改革，决不会把市场机制与国家宏观调控对立起来。既要发挥市场这只看不见的手的作用，又要发挥政府和社会监管这只看得见的手的作用。两手都要硬，两手同时发挥作用，才能实现按照市场规律配置资源，也才能使资源配置合理、协调、平衡、可持续。
For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.国际金融危机再次告诉人们，不受监管的市场经济是多么可怕。从上世纪90年代以来，一些经济体疏于监管，一些金融机构受利益驱动，利用数十倍的金融杠杆进行超额融资，在获取高额利润的同时，把巨大的风险留给整个世界。这充分说明，不受管理的市场经济是注定行不通的。因此，必须处理好金融创新与金融监管的关系、虚拟经济与实体经济的关系、储蓄与消费的关系。
The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.有效应对这场危机，还必须高度重视道德的作用。道德是世界上最伟大的，道德的光芒甚至比阳光还要灿烂。真正的经济学理论，决不会同最高的伦理道德准则产生冲突。经济学说应该代表公正和诚信，平等地促进所有人，包括最弱势人群的福祉。被誉为现代经济学之父的亚当?斯密在《道德情操论》中指出：“如果一个社会的经济发展成果不能真正分流到大众手中，那么它在道义上将是不得人心的，而且是有风险的，因为它注定要威胁社会稳定。”道德缺失是导致这次金融危机的一个深层次原因。一些人见利忘义，损害公众利益，丧失了道德底线。我们应该倡导：企业要承担社会责任，企业家身上要流淌着道德的血液。
To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The loss of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have crossed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every businessman should flow the blood of morality.www.xiexiebang.com
女士们，先生们！
Ladies and Gentlemen，英国是我这次欧洲之行的最后一站。这次访问，加深了我对欧洲的了解。中欧合作已经站在一个新的历史起点上。我对中欧发展全面战略伙伴关系更加充满信心。我们之间不存在历史遗留问题，也不存在根本利害冲突。中欧合作基础坚实，前景光明。英国是最早进入现代化的国家，你们在发展经济、保护环境等方面，都有许多成功的经验。我们愿意向你们学习，加强交流与合作。
Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.未来属于青年一代。中英关系的美好前景要靠青年去开拓。抚今追昔，我想起对中英文化交流作出重要贡献的剑桥校友李约瑟博士。他的鸿篇巨着《中国科学技术史》，在东西方两大文明之间架起了一座桥梁。继承传统、勇于创新，是剑桥大学的优秀品格。希望更多的剑桥人关注中国，用发展的眼光看中国，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英两国青年相互学习，携手共进，一定会谱写出中英关系的崭新篇章。
The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.谢谢大家！
Thank you!
第五篇：温家宝总理在剑桥大学演讲侧记
下午3：30，能容纳500人的剑桥大学音乐厅座无虚席。温总理在理查德校长和身着古典礼服的司仪陪同下步入会场，受到师生们的热烈欢迎。温总理走上讲台，首先给大家鞠了一个躬。他说，这不是礼节，而是一个学生对待校长和老师应尽的礼貌。全场听众对温总理谦逊、亲和的开场白报以真诚的掌声。
接下来温总理发表了题为《用发展的眼光看中国》的演讲。他用凝炼、有力的语言深情地描绘了一个古而又新、历经磨难而又自强不息、珍视传统而又开放兼容的中国，阐释了中华民族追求进步、崇尚和谐的精神世界，用信心、合作和责任鼓舞人们勇敢地携手应对国际金融危机，共渡难关。
然而，正当全场听众凝神聆听温总理精彩演讲时，会场后排角落里一个西方人模样的男子突然开始吹哨喊叫，并向讲台投掷鞋子。全场听众对这一捣乱行为表现出义愤和蔑视，“耻辱!”“滚出去!”，在一片斥责声中，该男子被工作人员带离了现场。
温总理在台上始终镇定自若。他停顿了片刻，用平静而坚定的声音说：“老师们、同学们，这种卑鄙的伎俩阻挡不了中英两国人民的友谊!”全场顿时爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。温总理举起右手，有力地一挥，又说：“人类的进步、世界的和谐是任何力量也阻挡不了的!”场上再次爆发出经久不息的掌声。
温总理继续演讲。他赞扬剑桥大学前校长李约瑟博士的鸿篇巨著《中国科学技术史》在东西方两大文明之间架起了一座桥梁，认为继承传统、勇于创新是剑桥大学的优秀品格。温总理希望更多的剑桥人关注中国，用发展的眼光看中国，做中英交流的友好使者，勉励中英两国青年相互学习，携手共进，谱写中英关系崭新篇章。最后，温总理还从容地回答了学生的提问。会场上不断响起阵阵热烈的掌声。
演讲结束了，外面仍在下着鹅毛大雪。当温总理离开剑桥时，许多师生自发聚集在道路两旁欢送，其中不少人虽然没有得到入场聆听演讲的机会，但为了向温总理问个好，同温总理握个手，已经在雪地中等候许久。他们为温总理喝彩，为中国喝彩，为中英友谊喝彩。相信若干年以后当人们再回想起发生在剑桥的这一切，会更加深刻地理解温总理那句掷地有声的话：“人类的进步、世界的和谐是任何力量也阻挡不了的!”
xiexiebang.com范文网【www.xiexiebang.com】
点击咨询 