全球热议奥巴马总统的“美国就业法案”

第一篇：全球热议奥巴马总统的“美国就业法案”

全球热议奥巴马总统的“美国就业法案”

全球热议奥巴马总统的“美国就业法案” 作者：田大校 来源日期：2011-9-13 阅读量：422次分享到 新浪微博 腾讯微博 抽屉 Twitter Facebook

“9·11”十周年前夕，在全球的关注下，美国总统奥巴马于9月8日提出了“美国就业法案”，其核心是以扩大薪水阶级和雇主的薪资税减税，同时扩大公共建设支出，总金额高达4070亿美元，高于原先外界预期的3000到4000亿美元之间。这帖药方是否能把美国经济从泥淖中拉拔出来，对世界经济复苏有什么重大影响，不但引起了美国朝野和民众的激烈争论，也吸引了世界各国政府和媒体的热情“围观”。中国选举与治理网综观而言，奥巴马总统的“美国就业方案”是一步好棋也是一步险棋，既充满着机会、期待，但也藏着不少风险与不确定性。为了帮助网民朋友了解相关情况，我们收集整理了各方观点，与各位网友分享辨析。

一、既是促进就业的好棋，也是赢得连任的妙棋。美国《洛杉矶时报》引述穆迪分析公司的首席分析师马克?赞迪的观点认为，如果奥巴马的就业计划得到全面采纳，那么美国国内2012年将额外净增200万个就业机会，并使失业率在11月选举前降至约8%，这对美国广大民众来说绝对是个好消息。中国时报发表评论指出，在整个就业方案中，减税部分预估达2400亿美元，另外有600亿投入高速公路、机场、铁路等建设;有350亿用于防止许多教师、警察等被裁员;另外也提供490亿作为延长给长期失业者的福利。这些措施不但有预防就业市场进一步衰退，导致民间消费信心更低、经济更难脱困的措施，也有积极增加就业市场职位的方法。因此方案是抓对了药方，预料对经济有一定的刺激与拉抬效果。甚至在奥巴马45分钟的演讲过后，众议院多数党领袖、共和党人埃里克坎托的发言人说：“共和党人肯定可以与总统合作，共同实现他所提出的某些目标。”路透社发表评论认为，奥巴马总统公布的就业促进计划对于他竞选连任至为关键。9.1%的失业率让选民倍感沮丧，奥巴马的民意支持率也创下新低。在这场孤注一掷的国会演讲中，奥巴马正力图在他和共和党的理念之争中抓取主动权，以缓解外界对他经济领导能力的质疑。如果计划过关，经济可能迅速获得提振，让他在政治上得利;但如果该计划在意见分歧的国会受阻，他的策略将是指责共和党阻挠经济复苏。评论指出，从里根时代以来，没有哪位美国总统在失业率高于7.2%的情况下，还能赢得连任。而奥巴马总统的民意支持率日益严峻，目前已降至2009年1月上任以来的最低。一份调查显示，奥巴马不再是能赢得明年大选的最受欢迎人选。华盛顿邮报发表文章认为，奥巴马总统所发表的演讲实际上是向共和党发出挑战，演讲的最重要部分或许是他承诺将把他的就业信息传递给“全国每一个角落”的民众，并阐明了他连任竞选的开场主题。文章认为，奥巴马总统提出的措施相当合理。谁会反对修复全国的基础设施、对学校进行现代化改造以及为退伍老兵提供就业岗位呢?如果共和党人抵制奥巴马的就业计划，他就可以告诉选民，他决不会停止为就业和繁荣而战，而共和党人也决不会停止为“百万富翁和亿万富翁”减税进行辩护。文章特别提到，对民主党人来说，奥巴马总统这次演讲就是一种展示，让他们看到“作为战士的奥巴马”，许多民主党人感到自奥巴马2009年上任以来就一直缺乏这种形象。

二、既有可行性也有不确定性。路透社认为，在提出就业促进计划后，奥巴马面临与共和党人的一番苦斗。奥巴马就业计划的可行性有多高仍是个问题。基本上，该计划几乎全部都要取决于是否能赢得掌控众议院的共和党人支持。但两党要达成协议可能很难，因为政治人物已经把焦点放在了2012年11月举行的总统和国会大选上。法新社发表评论指出，尽管奥巴马在发表的演讲中赞扬了共和党偶像人物林肯，但此举未能改变持怀疑态度的共和党人对他这篇就业演讲的冷漠态度。评论提出，当奥巴马提到林肯时，共和党人保持了沉默。当奥巴马请求他们支持修建道路、改建学校以及为中产阶级减税的计划时，他们依然沉默不语。中国时报发表社论指出，这个方案存在诸多风险。最大的风险就是两党恶斗，让它难以出国会之门;或是即使定案，也是七折八扣致先机尽失。其次则是减税的效果难以掌握。相较于政府直接增加支出去搞建设，经济立即可挹注动能、带动企业投资、增加就业，减税的效果在学界一直有相当的争议。如果民众对未来信心不足，减税后回到口袋的钱，可能被储蓄起来放在银行;这对增加民间消费是毫无贡献，在市场资金过剩之际，更无助投资。而给予企业增加雇用薪资达500万美元，其薪资税率减半的;还有企业增加雇用或为现有雇员加薪，总额达5000万美元，则薪资税全免，希望藉此带动企业增加雇用，其效果也有相当风险。因企业决断是否投资、增加雇用员工，关键点在对未来市场与获利的预期;虽薪资税率降低可减少企业负荷，但其影响的比重其实非常低。没有企业会只为了能够降低税率而增加雇用，但对有竞争力、预期本身经营有成长者，原本就要增加雇用，却可藉此节省成本，其代价就是政府税收减少。因此，此措施的总体效果存在着相当的风险。第三个风险则是降等风暴后，为避免赤字扩张过快，奥巴马要再提出削减长期赤字新计划。如这个削减赤字计划过严，且很快实施，不论是减少国防预算、或降低医疗、福利支出，都可能抵消扩张财政支出与减税的效果。至于对富人加税，理论上一般薪水阶级与富人的边际消费倾向不同，应不至于抵消对薪水阶级减税的效果，但实际反应仍待观察。社论说，真正最重要者是：奥巴马尚未告诉外界，这四四七○亿美元从那里来。如削减其它支出，可能让方案效力大打折扣。其实，美国仍是全球最有竞争力经济体之一，现阶段的低潮，主要是缺乏启动经济成长的引擎。美国如果能把赤字问题先摆一旁，以举债因应就业方案所需，忍受短期赤字上升，换取中长期的经济成长，则就业方案的确有可能达到振兴经济的目标。只是在现阶段的政治气氛下，不知可行与否?

三、既有期盼，也有忠告。作为与美国经济社会发展联系最紧密的国家，中国在美国国内这场就业法案争论中，官方和媒体既没有“失声”，也不止于“围观”，而是从不同层面和角度直接表达了观点。中央电视台特约评论员指出，奥巴马总统提出的就业刺激方案和减税计划备受关注，一个重要原因是它的额度高达4470亿美元，这样一个高额度的方案，美国政府能够承担得起?这个钱从哪儿来?在我来看，这个刺激就业方案方向非常明确，但是执行能力有限。之所以说方向明确，是因为这个方案主要针对目前整体的失业市场。几个季度以来，美国国内就业一直高位徘徊在9%以上，而且这个徘徊一直没有向下好转的迹象。一系列数据表明，高失业率是美国经济未来发展不确定性的阻碍。从另外一方面来看，要执行这样一个方案，要分两部分。第一部分是减税，包括个人所得税和企业税。第二部分是补贴，对于企业雇佣失业半年以上的工人给予一定相应反补和补贴，这个钱从哪来?这无疑对美国已经高额的赤字雪上加霜，同时会增大地方政府债务平台的一系列压力。所以,从整体上来看这个刺激方案有些类似于量化宽松2.5版。评论指出，之前的两轮宽松货币政策主要投入的方向都是在资本市场，但是对于美国国内就业市场来说，一直没有一个好办法，所以把钱投入到美国就业市场上来，这个方向应该说是奥巴马在明年大选之前，放手一搏的方案，但是这个方案具体在实行过程中，可能要解决赤字问题，奥巴马后续还要拿出新的方案来。我想这个时候伯南克是坐不住的，他一定会拿出相应的配套方案，支持总统刺激就业。所以未来我们还会看到一系列方案出台，使刺激就业方案真正执行起来。评论认为，这份提振就业方案的大多数决策执行的年份是2012年，也就意味着如果整体刺激计划有效的话，会逐渐在明年第二、三季度时间展现出来，直接会给明年上半年总统选举投票产生非常重要的影响。所以从整体上来看这个方案执行会和明年选举政治直接相关。如果一个方案接着一个方案的抛出，都不能在完整意义上取得效果的话，对奥巴马整体行政执行能力和他的经济决策会造成非常重要的伤害，所以，这个刺激就业方案也是把双刃剑。中共中央委员、重庆市市长黄奇帆在一次会议讲话中表示，美国奥巴马总统刚刚提出的3000亿美元刺激美国经济的做法，也许还不如学习重庆发展美国的微企，通过良性循环，逐步恢复美国低迷的经济现状。黄奇帆指出，奥巴马想通过斥资2万亿美元来增加就业的做法也不妥。因为他将这些钱都投向了企业家，企业家却对美国经济不抱信心，他们将从政府拿来的钱，或用于向银行还债，或用于亚洲等地区的投资，抑或只是投资到股票等领域。最终造成的恶性循环，则会产生跟多的死账、烂账，让本已陷入泥潭的美国经济雪上加霜。

注：汇编参考文章

《 美媒称奥巴马就业法案阐明其谋求连任主题》，新华网，作者为法新社、路透社、华盛顿邮报电讯;

《美国就业法案的效果与风险》，中国时报，作者为本社评论;

《 刺激就业方案靠谱吗? 》，中国中央电视台，作者为周庆安;

《奥巴马刺激经济不如学重庆发展微企》，重庆晨报，作者：杨新宇 周意立。(转载本文请注明“中国选举与治理网”首发)0票0票

#apps_svy_mood { width: 609px;text-align: center;} #apps_svy_mood.apps_svy_mood { width: 509px;margin: 10px auto;padding: 0px;} #apps_svy_mood ul { margin: 0px;padding: 0px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood { width: 50px;height: 50px;margin: 0 auto;} #apps_svy_mood li { width: 80px;float: left;text-align: center;list-style: none;position: relative;} #apps_svy_mood.mood_result { width: 50px;height: auto;margin: 0 auto;padding: 0px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood_result.ft { padding: 0px;position: relative;margin-bottom: 0px;left: 1px;*left:0px;_left:0px;color:#000000;font-size:12px} #apps_svy_mood.mood_result.ft_b { padding: 0px;position: relative;margin-bottom: 0px;left: 1px;*left:0px;_left:0pxcolor:#EE0000;font-size:12px;font-weight:bold} #apps_svy_mood.mood_result.bar { width: 10px;height: 52px;border: 1px solid #DADADA;padding: 0px;background: #fff;position: relative;margin-bottom: 5px;left: 20px;*left:0px;_left:0px} #apps_svy_mood.mood_result.bar.bg { margin: 0px;padding: 1px;height: 0;background: url(images/bg.gif)repeat;width: 8px;position: absolute;left: 0px;bottom: 0px;line-height: 0px;font-size: 0px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood_nopd { width: 50px;height: 50px;margin: 0 auto;background: url(images/show1.gif)no-repeat;} #apps_svy_mood.mood1_nop { background-position:-6px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood2_nop { background-position:-68px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood3_nop { background-position:-130px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood4_nop { background-position:-194px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood5_nop { background-position:-257px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood6_nop { background-position:-321px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood7_nop { background-position:-382px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood8_nop { background-position:-444px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood_opd { width: 50px;height: 50px;margin: 0 auto;background: url(images/show1.gif)no-repeat;cursor: default;} #apps_svy_mood.mood1_op { background-position:-6px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood2_op { background-position:-68px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood3_op { background-position:-130px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood4_op { background-position:-194px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood5_op { background-position:-257px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood6_op { background-position:-321px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood7_op { background-position:-382px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood.mood8_op { background-position:-444px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood a { width: 50px;height: 50px;display: block;margin: 0 auto;} #apps_svy_mood a.moodd { background: url(images/show1.gif)no-repeat;} #apps_svy_mood a.mood1 { background-position:-6px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood a:hover.mood1 { background-position:-6px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood a.mood2 { background-position:-68px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood a:hover.mood2 { background-position:-68px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood a.mood3 { background-position:-130px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood a:hover.mood3 { background-position:-130px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood a.mood4 { background-position:-194px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood a:hover.mood4 { background-position:-194px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood a.mood5 { background-position:-257px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood a:hover.mood5 { background-position:-257px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood a.mood6 { background-position:-321px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood a:hover.mood6 { background-position:-321px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood a.mood7 { background-position:-382px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood a:hover.mood7 { background-position:-382px-146px;} #apps_svy_mood a.mood8 { background-position:-444px-202px;} #apps_svy_mood a:hover.mood8 { background-position:-444px-146px;}您对本文是何看法？21411200

第二篇：奥巴马刺激就业法案演讲原文

MR.OBAMA:

Mr.Speaker, Mr.Vice President, members of Congress, and fellow Americans: 议长先生，副总统先生，国会议员，美国同胞们：

Tonight we meet at an urgent time for our country.We continue to face an economic crisis that has left millions of our neighbors jobless, and a political crisis that’s made things worse.我们今晚在我们国家的紧迫时刻举行会议。我们仍在面临一场使数百万同胞失业的经济危机和一场使局势更加恶化的政治危机。

This past week, reporters have been asking, “What will this speech mean for the President? What will it mean for Congress? How will it affect their polls, and the next election?”

在过去的一周，记者们一直在问：“这次讲演对于总统意味着什么？它对国会意味着什么？它是否影响他们的民调和明年的大选？”

But the millions of Americans who are watching right now, they don’t care about politics.They have real-life concerns.Many have spent months looking for work.Others are doing their best just to scrape by--giving up nights out with the family to save on gas or make the mortgage;postponing retirement to send a kid to college.但现在正在观看的数百万美国人不关心政治活动，他们有真正的生活担忧，许多人花了数个月的时间来寻找工作。其他人则尽全力勉强度日，放弃和家人晚上一同外出娱乐的机会以节省汽油或者偿还房贷，推迟退休日期以便将一个孩子送入大学。

These men and women grew up with faith in an America where hard work and responsibility paid off.They believed in a country where everyone gets a fair shake and does their fair share--where if you stepped up, did your job, and were loyal to your company, that loyalty would be rewarded with a decent salary and good benefits;maybe a raise once in a while.If you did the right thing, you could make it.Anybody could make it in America.这些男人和女人在成长时抱有这样一个信念，在美国，辛苦的工作和责任感会得到回报。他们相信，在美国，所有人都可以得到公正的回报，做他们分内的工作。在这里，如果你展现自我，干好你的工作，忠于你的公司，这种忠诚将会得到体面的工资和很好的福利奖赏，可能还会偶尔升职。如果你做了正确的事情，你可能在美国获得成功。For decades now, Americans have watched that compact erode.They have seen the decks too often stacked against them.And they know that Washington has not always put their interests first.但是在数十年后的今天，美国人看到这一契约被削弱，他们看到太多自己被算计的情况，他们知道华盛顿并不总是把他们的利益放在首位。

The people of this country work hard to meet their responsibilities.The question tonight is whether we’ll meet ours.The question is whether, in the face of an ongoing national crisis, we can stop the political circus and actually do something to help the economy.(Applause.)The question is--the question is whether we can restore some of the fairness and security that has defined this nation since our beginning.Those of us here tonight can’t solve all our nation’s woes.Ultimately, our recovery will be driven not by Washington, but by our businesses and our workers.But we can help.We can make a difference.There are steps we can take right now to improve people’s lives.I am sending this Congress a plan that you should pass right away.It’s called the American Jobs Act.There should be nothing controversial about this piece of legislation.Everything in here is the kind of proposal that’s been supported by both Democrats and Republicans--including many who sit here tonight.And everything in this bill will be paid for.Everything.(Applause.)

The purpose of the American Jobs Act is simple: to put more people back to work and more money in the pockets of those who are working.It will create more jobs for construction workers, more jobs for teachers, more jobs for veterans, and more jobs for long-term unemployed.(Applause.)It will provide--it will provide a tax break for companies who hire new workers, and it will cut payroll taxes in half for every working American and every small business.(Applause.)It will provide a jolt to an economy that has stalled, and give companies confidence that if they invest and if they hire, there will be customers for their products and services.You should pass this jobs plan right away.(Applause.)

Everyone here knows that small businesses are where most new jobs begin.And you know that while corporate profits have come roaring back, smaller companies haven’t.So for everyone who speaks so passionately about making life easier for “job creators,” this plan is for you.(Applause.)Pass this jobs bill--pass this jobs bill, and starting tomorrow, small businesses will get a tax cut if they hire new workers or if they raise workers’ wages.Pass this jobs bill, and all small business owners will also see their payroll taxes cut in half next year.(Applause.)If you have 50 employees--if you have 50 employees making an average salary, that’s an $80,000 tax cut.And all businesses will be able to continue writing off the investments they make in 2012.It’s not just Democrats who have supported this kind of proposal.Fifty House Republicans have proposed the same payroll tax cut that’s in this plan.You should pass it right away.(Applause.)

Pass this jobs bill, and we can put people to work rebuilding America.Everyone here knows we have badly decaying roads and bridges all over the country.Our highways are clogged with traffic.Our skies are the most congested in the world.It’s an outrage.Building a world-class transportation system is part of what made us a economic superpower.And now we’re going to sit back and watch China build newer airports and faster railroads? At a time when millions of unemployed construction workers could build them right here in America?(Applause.)

There are private construction companies all across America just waiting to get to work.There’s a bridge that needs repair between Ohio and Kentucky that’s on one of the busiest trucking routes in North America.A public transit project in Houston that will help clear up one of the worst areas of traffic in the country.And there are schools throughout this country that desperately need renovating.How can we expect our kids to do their best in places that are literally falling apart? This is America.Every child deserves a great school--and we can give it to them, if we act now.(Applause.)

The American Jobs Act will repair and modernize at least 35,000 schools.It will put people to work right now fixing roofs and windows, installing science labs and high-speed Internet in classrooms all across this country.It will rehabilitate homes and businesses in communities hit hardest by foreclosures.It will jumpstart thousands of transportation projects all across the country.And to make sure the money is properly spent, we’re building on reforms we’ve already put in place.No more earmarks.No more boondoggles.No more bridges to nowhere.We’re cutting the red tape that prevents some of these projects from getting started as quickly as possible.And we’ll set up an independent fund to attract private dollars and issue loans based on two criteria: how badly a construction project is needed and how much good it will do for the economy.(Applause.)This idea came from a bill written by a Texas Republican and a Massachusetts Democrat.The idea for a big boost in construction is supported by America’s largest business organization and America’s largest labor organization.It’s the kind of proposal that’s been supported in the past by Democrats and Republicans alike.You should pass it right away.(Applause.)

Pass this jobs bill, and thousands of teachers in every state will go back to work.These are the men and women charged with preparing our children for a world where the competition has never been tougher.But while they’re adding teachers in places like South Korea, we’re laying them off in droves.It’s unfair to our kids.It undermines their future and ours.And it has to stop.Pass this bill, and put our teachers back in the classroom where they belong.(Applause.)Pass this jobs bill, and companies will get extra tax credits if they hire America’s veterans.We ask these men and women to leave their careers, leave their families, risk their lives to fight for our country.The last thing they should have to do is fight for a job when they come home.(Applause.)

Pass this bill, and hundreds of thousands of disadvantaged young people will have the hope and the dignity of a summer job next year.And their parents--(applause)--their parents, low-income Americans who desperately want to work, will have more ladders out of poverty.Pass this jobs bill, and companies will get a $4,000 tax credit if they hire anyone who has spent more than six months looking for a job.(Applause.)We have to do more to help the long-term unemployed in their search for work.This jobs plan builds on a program in Georgia that several Republican leaders have highlighted, where people who collect unemployment insurance participate in temporary work as a way to build their skills while they look for a permanent job.The plan also extends unemployment insurance for another year.(Applause.)If the millions of unemployed Americans stopped getting this insurance, and stopped using that money for basic necessities, it would be a devastating blow to this economy.Democrats and Republicans in this chamber have supported unemployment insurance plenty of times in the past.And in this time of prolonged hardship, you should pass it again--right away.(Applause.)Pass this jobs bill, and the typical working family will get a $1,500 tax cut next year.Fifteen hundred dollars that would have been taken out of your pocket will go into your pocket.This expands on the tax cut that Democrats and Republicans already passed for this year.If we allow that tax cut to expire--if we refuse to act--middle-class families will get hit with a tax increase at the worst possible time.We can’t let that happen.I know that some of you have sworn oaths to never raise any taxes on anyone for as long as you live.Now is not the time to carve out an exception and raise middle-class taxes, which is why you should pass this bill right away.(Applause.)

This is the American Jobs Act.It will lead to new jobs for construction workers, for teachers, for veterans, for first responders, young people and the long-term unemployed.It will provide tax credits to companies that hire new workers, tax relief to small business owners, and tax cuts for the middle class.And here’s the other thing I want the American people to know: The American Jobs Act will not add to the deficit.It will be paid for.And here’s how.(Applause.)The agreement we passed in July will cut government spending by about $1 trillion over the next 10 years.It also charges this Congress to come up with an additional $1.5 trillion in savings by Christmas.Tonight, I am asking you to increase that amount so that it covers the full cost of the American Jobs Act.And a week from Monday, I’ll be releasing a more ambitious deficit plan--a plan that will not only cover the cost of this jobs bill, but stabilize our debt in the long run.(Applause.)

This approach is basically the one I’ve been advocating for months.In addition to the trillion dollars of spending cuts I’ve already signed into law, it’s a balanced plan that would reduce the deficit by making additional spending cuts, by making modest adjustments to health care programs like Medicare and Medicaid, and by reforming our tax code in a way that asks the wealthiest Americans and biggest corporations to pay their fair share.(Applause.)What’s more, the spending cuts wouldn’t happen so abruptly that they’d be a drag on our economy, or prevent us from helping small businesses and middle-class families get back on their feet right away.Now, I realize there are some in my party who don’t think we should make any changes at all to Medicare and Medicaid, and I understand their concerns.But here’s the truth: Millions of Americans rely on Medicare in their retirement.And millions more will do so in the future.They pay for this benefit during their working years.They earn it.But with an aging population and rising health care costs, we are spending too fast to sustain the program.And if we don’t gradually reform the system while protecting current beneficiaries, it won’t be there when future retirees need it.We have to reform Medicare to strengthen it.(Applause.)

I am also--I’m also well aware that there are many Republicans who don’t believe we should raise taxes on those who are most fortunate and can best afford it.But here is what every American knows: While most people in this country struggle to make ends meet, a few of the most affluent citizens and most profitable corporations enjoy tax breaks and loopholes that nobody else gets.Right now, Warren Buffett pays a lower tax rate than his secretary--an outrage he has asked us to fix.(Laughter.)We need a tax code where everyone gets a fair shake and where everybody pays their fair share.(Applause.)And by the way, I believe the vast majority of wealthy Americans and CEOs are willing to do just that if it helps the economy grow and gets our fiscal house in order.I’ll also offer ideas to reform a corporate tax code that stands as a monument to special interest influence in Washington.By eliminating pages of loopholes and deductions, we can lower one of the highest corporate tax rates in the world.(Applause.)Our tax code should not give an advantage to companies that can afford the best-connected lobbyists.It should give an advantage to companies that invest and create jobs right here in the United States of America.(Applause.)

So we can reduce this deficit, pay down our debt, and pay for this jobs plan in the process.But in order to do this, we have to decide what our priorities are.We have to ask ourselves, “What’s the best way to grow the economy and create jobs?”

Should we keep tax loopholes for oil companies? Or should we use that money to give small business owners a tax credit when they hire new workers? Because we can’t afford to do both.Should we keep tax breaks for millionaires and billionaires? Or should we put teachers back to work so our kids can graduate ready for college and good jobs?(Applause.)Right now, we can’t afford to do both.This isn’t political grandstanding.This isn’t class warfare.This is simple math.(Laughter.)This is simple math.These are real choices.These are real choices that we’ve got to make.And I’m pretty sure I know what most Americans would choose.It’s not even close.And it’s time for us to do what’s right for our future.(Applause.)

Now, the American Jobs Act answers the urgent need to create jobs right away.But we can’t stop there.As I’ve argued since I ran for this office, we have to look beyond the immediate crisis and start building an economy that lasts into the future--an economy that creates good, middle-class jobs that pay well and offer security.We now live in a world where technology has made it possible for companies to take their business anywhere.If we want them to start here and stay here and hire here, we have to be able to out-build and out-educate and out-innovate every other country on Earth.(Applause.)

And this task of making America more competitive for the long haul, that’s a job for all of us.For government and for private companies.For states and for local communities--and for every American citizen.All of us will have to up our game.All of us will have to change the way we do business.My administration can and will take some steps to improve our competitiveness on our own.For example, if you’re a small business owner who has a contract with the federal government, we’re going to make sure you get paid a lot faster than you do right now.(Applause.)We’re also planning to cut away the red tape that prevents too many rapidly growing startup companies from raising capital and going public.And to help responsible homeowners, we’re going to work with federal housing agencies to help more people refinance their mortgages at interest rates that are now near 4 percent.That’s a step--(applause)--I know you guys must be for this, because that’s a step that can put more than $2,000 a year in a family’s pocket, and give a lift to an economy still burdened by the drop in housing prices.So, some things we can do on our own.Other steps will require congressional action.Today you passed reform that will speed up the outdated patent process, so that entrepreneurs can turn a new idea into a new business as quickly as possible.That’s the kind of action we need.Now it’s time to clear the way for a series of trade agreements that would make it easier for American companies to sell their products in Panama and Colombia and South Korea-– while also helping the workers whose jobs have been affected by global competition.(Applause.)If Americans can buy Kias and Hyundais, I want to see folks in South Korea driving Fords and Chevys and Chryslers.(Applause.)I want to see more products sold around the world stamped with the three proud words: “Made in America.” That’s what we need to get done.(Applause.)And on all of our efforts to strengthen competitiveness, we need to look for ways to work side by side with America’s businesses.That’s why I’ve brought together a Jobs Council of leaders from different industries who are developing a wide range of new ideas to help companies grow and create jobs.Already, we’ve mobilized business leaders to train 10,000 American engineers a year, by providing company internships and training.Other businesses are covering tuition for workers who learn new skills at community colleges.And we’re going to make sure the next generation of manufacturing takes root not in China or Europe, but right here, in the United States of America.(Applause)If we provide the right incentives, the right support--and if we make sure our trading partners play by the rules--we can be the ones to build everything from fuel-efficient cars to advanced biofuels to semiconductors that we sell all around the world.That’s how America can be number one again.And that’s how America will be number one again.(Applause.)

Now, I realize that some of you have a different theory on how to grow the economy.Some of you sincerely believe that the only solution to our economic challenges is to simply cut most government spending and eliminate most government regulations.(Applause.)

Well, I agree that we can’t afford wasteful spending, and I’ll work with you, with Congress, to root it out.And I agree that there are some rules and regulations that do put an unnecessary burden on businesses at a time when they can least afford it.(Applause.)That’s why I ordered a review of all government regulations.So far, we’ve identified over 500 reforms, which will save billions of dollars over the next few years.(Applause.)We should have no more regulation than the health, safety and security of the American people require.Every rule should meet that common-sense test.(Applause.)

But what we can’t do--what I will not do--is let this economic crisis be used as an excuse to wipe out the basic protections that Americans have counted on for decades.(Applause.)I reject the idea that we need to ask people to choose between their jobs and their safety.I reject the argument that says for the economy to grow, we have to roll back protections that ban hidden fees by credit card companies, or rules that keep our kids from being exposed to mercury, or laws that prevent the health insurance industry from shortchanging patients.I reject the idea that we have to strip away collective bargaining rights to compete in a global economy.(Applause.)We shouldn’t be in a race to the bottom, where we try to offer the cheapest labor and the worst pollution standards.America should be in a race to the top.And I believe we can win that race.In fact, this larger notion that the only thing we can do to restore prosperity is just dismantle government, refund everybody’s money, and let everyone write their own rules, and tell everyone they’re on their own--that’s not who we are.That’s not the story of America.Yes, we are rugged individualists.Yes, we are strong and self-reliant.And it has been the drive and initiative of our workers and entrepreneurs that has made this economy the engine and the envy of the world.But there’s always been another thread running throughout our history--a belief that we’re all connected, and that there are some things we can only do together, as a nation.We all remember Abraham Lincoln as the leader who saved our Union.Founder of the Republican Party.But in the middle of a civil war, he was also a leader who looked to the future--a Republican President who mobilized government to build the Transcontinental Railroad--(applause)--launch the National Academy of Sciences, set up the first land grant colleges.(Applause.)And leaders of both parties have followed the example he set.Ask yourselves--where would we be right now if the people who sat here before us decided not to build our highways, not to build our bridges, our dams, our airports? What would this country be like if we had chosen not to spend money on public high schools, or research universities, or community colleges? Millions of returning heroes, including my grandfather, had the opportunity to go to school because of the G.I.Bill.Where would we be if they hadn’t had that chance?(Applause.)

How many jobs would it have cost us if past Congresses decided not to support the basic research that led to the Internet and the computer chip? What kind of country would this be if this chamber had voted down Social Security or Medicare just because it violated some rigid idea about what government could or could not do?(Applause.)How many Americans would have suffered as a result? No single individual built America on their own.We built it together.We have been, and always will be, one nation, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all;a nation with responsibilities to ourselves and with responsibilities to one another.And members of Congress, it is time for us to meet our responsibilities.(Applause.)

Every proposal I’ve laid out tonight is the kind that’s been supported by Democrats and Republicans in the past.Every proposal I’ve laid out tonight will be paid for.And every proposal is designed to meet the urgent needs of our people and our communities.Now, I know there’s been a lot of skepticism about whether the politics of the moment will allow us to pass this jobs plan--or any jobs plan.Already, we’re seeing the same old press releases and tweets flying back and forth.Already, the media has proclaimed that it’s impossible to bridge our differences.And maybe some of you have decided that those differences are so great that we can only resolve them at the ballot box.But know this: The next election is 14 months away.And the people who sent us here--the people who hired us to work for them--they don’t have the luxury of waiting 14 months.(Applause.)Some of them are living week to week, paycheck to paycheck, even day to day.They need help, and they need it now.I don’t pretend that this plan will solve all our problems.It should not be, nor will it be, the last plan of action we propose.What’s guided us from the start of this crisis hasn’t been the search for a silver bullet.It’s been a commitment to stay at it--to be persistent--to keep trying every new idea that works, and listen to every good proposal, no matter which party comes up with it.Regardless of the arguments we’ve had in the past, regardless of the arguments we will have in the future, this plan is the right thing to do right now.You should pass it.(Applause.)And I intend to take that message to every corner of this country.(Applause.)And I ask--I ask every American who agrees to lift your voice: Tell the people who are gathered here tonight that you want action now.Tell Washington that doing nothing is not an option.Remind us that if we act as one nation and one people, we have it within our power to meet this challenge.President Kennedy once said, “Our problems are man-made –-therefore they can be solved by man.And man can be as big as he wants.”

These are difficult years for our country.But we are Americans.We are tougher than the times we live in, and we are bigger than our politics have been.So let’s meet the moment.Let’s get to work, and let’s show the world once again why the United States of America remains the greatest nation on Earth.(Applause.)Thank you very much.God bless you, and God bless the United States of America.这个国家的人民努力工作以尽他们的责任。今晚的问题是我们是否能尽我们的责任。问题在于，面对当前发生的国家危机，我们能否停止政治游戏，真正地干些实事来帮助经济，我们能否修复从一开始就为美国定性的一些公正性和安全感。

我们今晚站在这里的人无法解决我们国家所有的问题。最终，我们的经济恢复将不会由华盛顿来驱动，而是我们的行业和我们的工人所驱动。但我们可以提供帮助，我们能促成形势好转。现在我们可以采取一些行动以帮助改善人们的生活。

我将向本届议会提交一份你们应当立刻通过的计划。它被命名为美国人就业法。这份议案应当没有任何争议，里面列举的所有措施都是得到民主党人和共和党人支持的提议，其中包括获得今晚许多在座人士的支持。这一法案中的所有措施都将得到回报。

美国人就业法的宗旨很简单：即让更多的人重新就业，让那些正在工作的人收入增加。这将为建筑工人、教师、退伍老兵、长期失业者创造更多的工作岗位。它为那些雇佣新员工的公司提供税收优惠，让所有在职美国人和小企业的工资税减半。它将为陷入失速状态的美国经济提供动力，给予公司信心，让他们相信如果投资和招募新员工，它们的产品和服务将会有客源。你们应当立刻通过这项就业计划。

在座的各位都知道小企业是新就业岗位的最大来源。你知道，当大公司的利润水平恢复时，较小规模的公司的利润水平并未得到恢复。所以，对于那些发表有关让“创造就业者”的生活更加容易的热情讲演者来说，这一计划是为你们制订的。

通过这一就业法案，从明天开始，如果小企业招募新员工或者提高工人工资，它们将会得到税收优惠。所有小企业老板明年将看到他们的工资税减半。如果你有50名拿普通工资的员工，那么你将减少8万美元税款支出。所有企业将能继续冲销2012年的投资。

这些提议不仅仅得到民主党的支持。50名众议院共和党议员提出了同样的工资税减税措施。你应当立刻通过这一计划。

通过这项就业法案，我们可以让人们就业，以便重建美国。在座的各位都知道我们全国各地的道路和桥梁已年久失修。我们的高速公路拥挤不堪。我们的天空是世界上最拥挤的天空。

这是不可原谅的。建设一个世界级的运输系统是使我们成为经济超级大国的一部分。我们现在要坐下来，看到中国建设更多的航空港和更快的铁路？在数百万美国建筑工人失业的情况下，他们可能在美国建设这些设施么？

美国各地都有想获得业务的私营建筑公司。俄亥俄州和肯塔基州的一所桥梁需要翻修，它是北美交通流量最大的一个桥梁。休斯敦的一个公共运输项目将帮助解决美国交通最拥堵的一个地区。全国各地有多所学校迫切需要翻新。我们如何能期待我们的孩子在一个几乎要倒塌的学校里取得优异的成绩？这是美国，每个孩子都应当有一所非常好的学校。如果我们现在采取行动，我们可以让每个孩子都拥有一所非常好的学校。

美国人就业法将对至少35000所学校进行修缮并使其具有现代化设施，它将立刻使人们重新工作，修理学校的房顶和窗户，安装科学实验室，在全国各地的教室安装高速互联网。它将使那些在丧失赎回权危机中遭到最沉重打击的社区居民和企业恢复过来。它将立刻启动全国各地的数千个运输项目上。为了确保经费得到妥善使用和使得其所，我们已在进一步改进已就位的改革措施。没有指定用途的款项，没有无聊的工作，没有不通往任何地方的桥梁。我们将减化使一些项目无法立刻开工的审批手续。我们将设立一个独立基金以吸引私人资金并根据两条标准来放贷：建设项目的迫切性，它对经济将会有多大益处。

这一想法来自得州的一名共和党人和马萨诸塞州一名民主党人所写的议案。推动大规模建设得到了美国最大商业组织和美国最大劳工组织的支持。这是得到民主党人和共和党人同样支持的提议。你们应当立刻通过它。

通过这一就业法案，各州的数千名教师就能重返岗位，这些男女教师负责让我们的孩子为世界作好准备，这个世界的竞争正变得越来越激烈。但在韩国等其它国家增加教师的数量时，我们却在大量解雇教师。这对于我们的孩子是不公平的。这损害了他们和我们的未来。这种情况需要被制止。通过这一就业法案，让我们的老师重新回到他们所属的教室。

通过这一就业法案，如果公司招募美国的退伍老兵，它们将得到额外的税收优惠。我们要求这些男女离开他们的职业，离开他们的家人，冒着生命危险为我们的国家战斗。他们最不应该面临的情况是当他们回国后还要去四处寻找工作。

通过这一就业法案，数十万弱势年轻人将有明年获得夏季工作的希望和尊严。他们的父母，那些非常想获得工作的低收入美国人将得到走出贫困的更多阶梯。

通过这一就业法案，如果公司招募任何一位已寻找工作六个月以上的失业人士，它们将获得4000美元的税收优惠。我们得采取更多行动以帮助那些长期失业人士找到工作。这一就业计划是乔治亚州一个项目的升级版，数位共和党领导人曾强调了该项目，那些拿失业保险的人们参与临时工作，在培养他们的技能的同时寻找一个长期的工作。这一计划还将失业保险延长一年。如果数百万失业美国人停止获得失业保险，停止使用失业保险金来购买基本必需品，这将是对经济的灾难性打击。民主和共和党议员在过去曾多次支持失业保险项目。在困难局面仍在持续的情况下，你应当再次立刻通过这一项目。

通过这一就业法案，一个典型的工薪家庭明年将得到1500美元税收减免。1500美元税款将重新回到你的口袋，这将进一步扩大民主党和共和党人今年通过的税收减免措施。如果我们让税收减免措施到期，如果我们拒绝采取行动，中产阶层家庭将在最糟糕的时候遭到提高税收的打击。我们不能让这样的事情发生。我知道你们其中的一些人曾发誓称只要活着就不会提高任何人的税收。现在不是采取例外措施，提高中产阶层税收的时候，这就是你们应当立刻通过这一法案的原因。

这是美国人就业法案。它将为建筑工人、老师、退役士兵、营救人员、年轻人、长期失业人员提供更多就业岗位。它将为招募新员工的公司提供税收信贷，为小企业老板提供税务抵减，为中产阶层减税。我还想美国人民知道一件事：美国人就业法将不会增加赤字，它有资金来源，以下是如何得到落实这一法案的资金来源。

我们七月通过的协议将使政府开支在未来十年减少1万亿美元，它还要求本届国会在圣诞节之前提出额外的1.5万亿美元减支计划。我今晚请求你们提高减支额度，以便为美国人就业法提供资金。我将在下周一的那周公布一个规模更大的赤字计划，这个计划不仅将覆盖这一就业法案的开支，而且将从长远角度使我们的债务稳定下来。

这一方法与我过去数个月来一直推动的方法基本一致。除了我已签署成法律的万亿美元开支削减之外，这是一个平衡的计划，它通过更多的开支削减措施，微幅调整医疗保险制度和公共医疗补助制度等卫生保险项目、改革我们的税收制度以要求最富有美国人和最大规模的公司来支付公正的税款来降低赤字。此外，开支削减措施不会突然发生，以防止它们拖累经济或者阻止我们帮助小企业和中产阶层立刻重新站起来。

现在，我意识到我所属的民主党内有一些人认为我们不应当对医疗保险制度和公共医疗补助制度作任何调整，我理解他们的担心。但以下是事实，数百万美国人在退休时依赖医疗保险制度，未来也将有更多的人要依赖这一制度。他们在工作阶段为获得这一福利付钱。他们有权获得这一福利。但随着人口的老龄化和医疗开支的高涨，我们花钱的速度太快了。如果我们不逐步改革这一制度而保护当前的受益者，当未来的退休人士需要这一制度时，这一制度可能已不存在了。我们需要改革医疗保险制度以强化它。

我也知道许多共和党人不认为我们应当从那些最幸运、最有能力承受税付的人士征税。但以下是所美国人都知道的。虽然美国大多数人正在艰难度日，一些最富有的个人和公司却在享受其他人没有享受的税收优惠和漏洞。巴菲特要承担的税率低于他的秘书，他已请求我们解决这一难以置信的现象。我们需要一个所有人都得到公平负担的税制。我认为大多数富有的美国人和首席执行官们愿意这样作，如果它能帮助经济增长，恢复我们金融机构的秩序的话。

我也将提供改革公司税收制度的想法，公司税收制度长期以来一直受华盛顿特别利益的影响。通过取消漏洞和减免，我们可以降低世界上最高的公司税率。我们的税收制度不应当使那些有能力支付游说人士费用的公司享有优势。它应当使那些在美国投资和创造就业岗位的公司获得优势。

所以，我们可以降低赤字，为我们的债务支付首付款，提供创造就业岗位所需经费。但为了作到这一点，我们将不得不确定我们的优先事项。我们得问我们自己：“什么是使经济增长，创造就业的最佳方法？”

我们是否应当为石油公司保留税收漏洞？或者我们应当把那笔钱给小企业老板作税务抵减，当他们招募新员工时？因为我们没有钱同时作两件事。我们是否应当保留百万富翁和亿万富翁的税收优惠？或者我们是否应当让教师重返工作，以便让我们的孩子能够从大学毕业，获得好的工作？目前，我们没有财力同时作这两件事。

这并不是政治上的哗众取宠，这不是阶层战争，这是一个简单的算数问题。这是我们要作到的真正选择。我非常确定我知道大多数美国人将会作出何种选择。它甚至不会很接近。现在是我们为我们的未来作正确的事情的时候了。

美国人就业法回答了立刻创造就业岗位的迫切需要，但我们不能止步于此。正如我在竞选总统时就一直所说的那样，我们应当不局限于目前的危机，开始建设一个将能在未来持续的经济，一个创造好的中产阶层工作岗位的经济，这些岗位的收入不错，而且安全。我们现在生活在一个技术能使公司在任何地方发展的世界。如果我们想让它们在这里起步，留在这里并雇佣这里的人，那么我们必须能够比世界任何其它国家提早建设，提早教育，提前创新。

这一使美国从长期角度更具竞争性的任务是我们所有人的工作，是政府和私营公司、各州、当地社区，每位美国人的任务。我们所有人都要加入其中。我们所有人都要改变我们作事的方式。

我的政府能够和将采取一些措施以我们自身的竞争性。例如，如果你是一家与联邦政府有合同的小型公司老板，我们将确保你能尽快获得款项。我们还计划减少审批手续，太多快速增长的创业公司在筹集资本和上市方面面临审批手续的制约。为了帮助负责任的业主，我们将与联邦住房金融局帮助更多人来重新安排房贷，房贷的利率现在接近于4%。这一措施将使一家人每年多获得2000美元，推动仍受制于房价下跌的经济。

其它步骤将需要国会的行动。今天你们将通过将加速过时专利审批进程的改革措施，这样企业家就能把一个新想法尽快转变成新商机。这是我们需要采取的行动。目前为了一系列贸易协议铺平道路的时候了，这将使美国公司能够更加容易地在巴拿马、哥伦比亚、韩国出售他们的产品，同时也将帮助那些在全球竞争中工作职位受到影响的员工。如果美国人可以购买起亚和现代车，我想让韩国人驾驶福特、雪佛兰、克莱斯勒。我想看到更多的美国制造产品在世界各地出售。

在所有提升竞争力的努力方面，我们需要寻找到与美国行业并肩合作的方法。这就是我为什么组建了一个由来自各个行业领导人组成的就业委员会，他们正在制订一系列新想法以帮助公司成长和创造就业。

我们现在已动员了行业领导人通过公司实习和训练项目来每年训练1万名美国工程师。其它行为将为那些在社区大学学习新技能的员工提供学费。我们将确保下一代的制造业在美国扎根，而不是在中国或欧洲。如果我们提供正确的激励措施和支持，如果我们确保我们的贸易伙伴公平竞争，我们可以制造出从节油汽车、先进生物燃料、畅销世界各地的半导体在内的所有东西。这是美国如何能再次作到世界第一的方法。这是美国将再次成为世界第一的方法。

现在我认识到你们中的一些人可能对如何使经济成长有不同的理论，你们中的一些人真诚地相信，解决我们经济挑战的唯一方法是削减大部分政府开支，取消大多数政府规定。

我认同我们已支付不起浪费性的开支，我将继续与国会合作以断绝这一现象。我也认为一些规则和规定使一些企业在它们最无力承担的时候承受了毫无必要的负担。这就是我为什么下令对所有政府规则进行重新评估的原因。到目前为止，我们已确定了500项改革措施，这将在未来几年节省数百亿美元。我们应当所有规则都是为了确保美国人民健康、安全、安保所制订的。所有规则都必须经受住常识的考验。

但是我们不能做，我也不会做的事是让经济危机作借口来取消美国人数十年一直依赖的基本保护。我拒绝有关我们应当让人们在就业和安全性方面作出选择的想法。我不认同那些称为了使经济增长我们应当弱化用户不受信用卡公司隐藏收费困扰的保护措施，或者那些使我们的儿童远离水银的规定，或者防止保险公司坑骗病人的法律。我不认同那些为了在全球经济竞争就要剥夺工资集体协商权的想法。我们不应当向下竞争，提供最廉价的劳工和最糟糕的污染标准。美国应当向上全速行进。我认为这是一场我们能够赢得的比赛。

事实上，有关我们恢复繁荣的唯一方法是解散政府，归还所有人的钱，让所有人制订自己的规划，告诉所有人要只凭借自身力量的理念不是美国人的想法。这不是美国的故事。

是的，我们是坚定的个人主义者。是的，我们很强大，自力更生。我们工人和企业家的干劲和创意使我们的经济成为世界的发动机，令其它国家感到羡慕。

但我们的历史中一直存在着另一条主线：一个我们所有人都是相联系的，我们作为国家只能一起合作共事才能完成的一些事情。

我们都记得林肯是一位挽救了我们联盟的领导人。但在内战进行到中期的时候，他也是一位展望未来的领导人，一位动员政府来建设跨洲际铁路、建立国家科学院、组建首批赠地大学的共和党总统。两党领导人追随了他所创立的榜样。

问一下你们自己，如果先前坐在这里的人没有决定建设我们的高速公路和桥梁，我们的水坝和我们的机场，我们现在会在哪里？如果我们没有选择投资于公立中学或者研究性大学或者社区大学，这个国家将会是什么样？包括我祖父在内的数百万退伍老兵由于美国士兵法案而获得了上学的机会。如果他们没有那个机会，我们现在会在哪里？

如果往届国会决定不支持产生互联网和计算机芯片的基础研究，我们将会损失多少工作岗位？如果本届国会只是因为有关政府行为的僵化观念而否决社保或者医疗保险制度，这个国家会是什么样子？有多少美国人将会因此受苦？

没有哪个个人凭借自身的力量建设了美国，我们共同建设了它。我们过去将来也一直是一个国家，在上帝的看护下，不可分裂，所有人都能享受自由和正义，一个对我们自身和彼此负有责任的国家。国会议员们，现在是我们负起责任的时候了。

我今晚提出的每项提议过去都曾得到民主党人和共和党人的支持，我所提出的所有提议都有经费保护。所有提议就是为了满足我们人民和社区的迫切需要所制订的。

我知道人们对目前的政治活动是否允许的我们通过就业计划或者任何这方面的计划存在一些疑问。我们已看到和过去一样的媒体声明和推特言论。媒体已宣称我们无法克服我们的分歧。人们中的一些人可能认为，分歧是如此地大，我们将只能通过投票箱来解决这些分歧。

但是应当知道这一点：现在距离下一次选举只有14个月的时间，把我们送到这里的人们，那些雇佣我们为他们工作的人们并没有等待14个月时间的奢侈。他们中的一些人正在艰难度日，他们需要帮助，他们现在就需要帮助。

我不想假装认为这一计划将能解决所有问题，它不应当也不会是我们所提议的最后一项行动方案。从危机的一开始指导我们行动就不是寻找灵丹妙药。它一直是持续关注，不断地尝试能够奏效的新想法，听取所有好的提议，不管是哪一个党提出的。

不管我们过去或者将来有何争论，这一计划是我们现在要做的正确事情。你们应当通过它。我想把这一信息传播到美国的各个角落。我也请所有对此持支持态度的美国人发言，告诉议员们，你需要立刻采取行动。告诉华盛顿，什么事不做不是一个选项。提醒我们，如果我们作为一个国家和一个人民来行动，我们有能力应对挑战。

肯尼迪总统曾说过：“我们的问题是人为的，因此它们可以被人们所解决。心有多广大，人就有多强大。”

现在对我们国家来说这是困难的岁月，但我们是美国人，我们要比我们生活的时代更坚强，我们要比我们的政治活动更伟大。所以，让我们迎接这一时刻。让我们工作，向世界再次表明，美国仍是世界上最伟大的国家。谢谢你们，上帝保佑你，愿上帝保佑美国。(

第三篇：美国第44任总统奥巴马就职典礼中英文对照

美国第44任总统奥巴马就职典礼中英文对照

Barack Obama's Inaugural Address My fellow citizens:

I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath.The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms.At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.So it has been.So it must be with this generation of Americans.That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood.Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.Homes have been lost;jobs shed;businesses shuttered.Our health care is too costly;our schools fail too many;and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics.Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our landthey will be met.On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things.The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit;to choose our better history;to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given.It must be earned.Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less.It has not been the path for the faint-heartedsome celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg;Normandy and Khe Sanh.Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life.They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions;greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.This is the journey we continue today.We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth.Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began.Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year.Our capacity remains undiminished.But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisionsnot only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth.We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together.We will restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology’s wonders to raise health care’s quality and lower its cost.We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories.And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age.All this we can do.And all this we will do.Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitionsthat the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply.The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it worksto spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of dayand that a nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous.The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our Gross Domestic Product, but on the reach of our prosperity;on our ability to extend opportunity to every willing hearteven greater cooperation and understanding between nations.We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan.With old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet.We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken;you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness.We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindusknow that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy.To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history;but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow;to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds.And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders;nor can we consume the world’s resources without regard to effect.For the world has changed, and we must change with it.As we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains.They have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages.We honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service;a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves.And yet, at this momentit is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.For as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies.It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours.It is the firefighter’s courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent’s willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.Our challenges may be new.The instruments with which we meet them may be new.But those values upon which our success dependsthese things are old.These things are true.They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history.What is demanded then is a return to these truths.What is required of us now is a new era of responsibilitythe knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny.This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed-why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall, and why a man whose father less than sixty years ago might not have been served at a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath.So let us mark this day with remembrance, of who we are and how far we have traveled.In the year of America’s birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river.The capital was abandoned.The enemy was advancing.The snow was stained with blood.At a moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words be read to the people: Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive...that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it].America.In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words.With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come.Let it be said by our children’s children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter;and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God’s grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.美国东部时间1月20日中午12时左右，美国第44任总统贝拉克·奥巴马发表就职演说，全文如下：

我的同胞们：

今天我站在这里，看到眼前面临的重大任务，深感卑微。我感谢你们对我的信任，也知道先辈们为了这个国家所作的牺牲。我要感谢布什总统为国家做出的贡献，以及感谢他在两届政府过渡期间给与的慷慨协作。

迄今为止，已经有44个美国总统宣誓就职。总统的宣誓有时面对的是国家的和平繁荣，但通常面临的是乌云密布的紧张形势。在紧张的形势中，支持美国前进的不仅仅是领导人的能力和远见，也在于美国人民对国家先驱者理想的信仰，以及对美国立国文件的忠诚。

前辈们如此，我们这一代美国人也要如此。

现在我们都深知，我们身处危机之中。我们的国家在战斗，对手是影响深远的暴力和憎恨；国家的经济也受到严重的削弱，原因虽有一些人的贪婪和不负责任，但更为重要的是我们作为一个整体在一些重大问题上决策失误，同时也未能做好应对新时代的准备。

我们的人民正在失去家园，失去工作，很多且要倒闭。社会的医疗过于昂贵、学校教育让许多人失望，而且每天都会有新的证据显示，我们利用能源的方式助长了我们的敌对势力，同时也威胁着我们的星球。

统计数据的指标传达着危机的消息。危机难以测量，但更难以测量的是其对美国人国家自信的侵蚀——现在一种认为美国衰落不可避免，我们的下一代必须低调的言论正在吞噬着人们的自信。

今天我要说，我们的确面临着很多严峻的挑战，而且在短期内不大可能轻易解决。但是我们要相信，我们一定会度过难关。

今天，我们在这里齐聚一堂，因为我们战胜恐惧选择了希望，摒弃了冲突和矛盾而选择了团结。

今天，我们宣布要为无谓的摩擦、不实的承诺和指责画上句号，我们要打破牵制美国政治发展的若干陈旧教条。

美国仍是一个年轻的国家，借用《圣经》的话说，放弃幼稚的时代已经到来了。重拾坚韧精神的时代已经到来，我们要为历史作出更好的选择，我们要秉承历史赋予的宝贵权利，秉承那种代代相传的高贵理念：上帝赋予我们每个人以平等和自由，以及每个人尽全力去追求幸福的机会。

在重申我们国家伟大之处的同时，我们深知伟大从来不是上天赐予的，伟大需要努力赢得。(我们的民族一路走来)，这旅途之中从未有过捷径或者妥协，这旅途也不适合胆怯之人、或者爱安逸胜过爱工作之人、或者单单追求名利之人。这条路是勇于承担风险者之路，是实干家、创造者之路。这其中有一些人名留青史，但是更多的人却在默默无闻地工作着。正是这些人带领我们走过了漫长崎岖的旅行，带领我们走向富强和自由。

为了我们，先辈们带着微薄的细软，横渡大洋，寻找新生活；为了我们，先辈们忍辱负重，用血汗浇铸工厂；为了我们，先辈们在荒芜的西部大地辛勤耕作，定居他乡；为了我们，先辈们奔赴(独立战争中的)康科德城和葛底斯堡、(二战中的)诺曼底、(越战中的)Khe Sahn，他们征战、死去。

一次又一次，我们的先辈们战斗着、牺牲着、操劳着，只为了我们可以生活得更好。在他们看来，美国的强盛与伟大超越了个人雄心，也超越了个人的出身、贫富和派别差异。

今天我们继续先辈们的旅途。美国依然是地球上最富裕、最强大的国家。同危机初露端倪之时相比，美国人民的生产力依然旺盛；与上周、上个月或者去年相比，我们的头脑依然富于创造力，我们的商品和服务依然很有市场，我们的实力不曾削弱。但是，可以肯定的是，轻歌曼舞的时代、保护狭隘利益的时代以及对艰难决定犹豫不决的时代已经过去了。从今天开始，我们必须跌倒后爬起来，拍拍身上的泥土，重新开始工作，重塑美国。

我目之所及，都有工作有待完成。国家的经济情况要求我们采取大胆且快速的行动，我们的确是要行动，不仅是要创造就业，更要为(下一轮经济)增长打下新的基础。我们将造桥铺路，为企业铺设电网和数字线路，将我们联系在一起。我们将回归科学，运用科技的奇迹提高医疗质量，降低医疗费用。我们将利用风能、太阳能和土壤驱动车辆，为工厂提供能源。我们将改革中小学以及大专院校，以适应新时代的要求。这一切，我们都能做到，而且我们都将会做到。

现在，有一些人开始质疑我们的野心是不是太大了，他们认为我们的体制承载不了太多的宏伟计划。他们是健忘了。他们已经忘了这个国家已经取得的成就；他们已经忘了当创造力与共同目标以及必要的勇气结合起来时，自由的美国人民所能发挥的能量。

这些怀疑论者的错误在于，他们没有意识到政治现实已经发生了变化，长期以来耗掉我们太多精力的陈腐政治论争已经不再适用。今天，我们的问题不在于政府的大小，而在于政府能否起作用，政府能否帮助家庭找到薪水合适的工作、给他们可以负担得起的医疗保障并让他们体面地退休。哪个方案能给与肯定的答案，我们就推进哪个方案。哪个方案的答案是否定的，我们就选择终止。而掌管纳税人税金的人应当承担起责任，合理支出，摒弃陋习，磊落做事，这有这样才能在政府和人民之间重建至关重要的相互信任。

我们面临的问题也不是市场好坏的问题。市场创造财富、拓展自由的能力无可匹敌，但是这场危机提醒我们，如果没有监管，市场很可能就会失去控制，而且偏袒富人国家的繁荣无法持久。国家经济的成败不仅仅取决于国内生产总值的大小，而且取决于繁荣的覆盖面，取决于我们是否有能力让所有有意愿的人都有机会走向富裕。我们这样做不是慈善，而是因为这是确保实现共同利益的途径。

就共同防御而言，我们认为国家安全与国家理想的只能选其一的排他选择是错的。面对我们几乎无法想像的危险，我们的先辈们起草了确保法治和个人权利的宪章。一代代人民的鲜血夯实了这一宪章。宪章中的理想依然照亮着世界，我们不能以经验之谈放弃这些理想。因此我想对正在观看这一仪式的其他国家的人民和政府说，不论他们现在各国伟大的首府还是在如同我父亲出生地一般的小村落，我想让他们知道：对于每个追求和平和自尊的国家和个人而言，美国都是朋友，我们愿意再次领导大家踏上追寻之旅。

回想先辈们在抵抗法西斯主义之时，他们不仅依靠手中的导弹或坦克，他们还依靠稳固的联盟和坚定的信仰。他们深知单凭自己的力量我们无法保护自己，他们也深知我们强大并不足以使我们有权利为所欲为。他们明白，正是因为使用谨慎，我们的实力才不断增强；正是因为我们的事业是公正的、我们为世界树立了榜样，因为我们的谦卑和节制，我们才安全。

我们继承了这些遗产。在这些原则的再次领导下，我们有能力应对新的威胁，我们需要付出更多的努力、进行国家间更广泛的合作以及增进国家间的理解。首先，我们将以负责任的态度，将伊拉克交还给伊拉克人民，同时巩固阿富汗来之不易的和平。对于老朋友和老对手，我们将继续努力，不遗余力，削弱核威胁，遏制全球变暖的幽灵。我们不会为我们的生活方式感到报歉，我们会不动摇地捍卫我们的生活方式。对于那些企图通过恐怖主义或屠杀无辜平民达成目标的人，我们要对他们说：我们的信仰更加坚定，不可动摇，你们不可能拖垮我们，我们定将战胜你们。

因为我们知道，我们的多元化遗产是一个优势，而非劣势。我们国家里有基督徒也有穆斯林，有犹太教徒也有印度教徒，同时也有非宗教信徒。我们民族的成长受到许多语言和文化的影响，我们吸取了这个星球上任何一个角落的有益成分。正是因为我们民族曾亲尝过内战和种族隔离的苦酒，并且在经历了这些黑色的篇章之后变得更加强大更加团结，因此我们不由自主，只能相信一切仇恨终有一天都会成为过去，种族的划分不久就会消失，而且随着世界变得越来越小，我们相信终有一天人类共有的人性品德将会自动显现。在迎接新的和平时代到来的过程中，美国需要发挥自己的作用。

思索前方的路，我们无时无刻不在铭记那些远征沙漠和偏远山区的英勇美国战士，对他们充满了感激之情，他们和那些安息在阿灵顿国家公墓之下的战争英雄们一样，给与我们启示。

我们尊敬他们，不仅因为他们是自由的守护者，还因为他们代表的是为国家服务的精神，他们自愿追寻比自身的价值更伟大的意义(美国国家之伟大)。此时此刻，在这个要塑造一代人的时刻，我们需要的正是这样一种精神。

因为无论美国政府能做多少，必须做多少，美国国家的立国之本最终还是美国人的决心和信念。于防洪堤坝决堤之时收留陌生受难者的善意，于在经济不景气的时候宁愿减少自己工时也不肯看着朋友失业的无私，正是他们支撑我们走过黑暗的时刻。消防队员冲入满是浓烟的楼梯抢救生命的勇气，父母养育孩子的坚持，正是这些决定了我们的命运。

我们面临的挑战也许是新的，我们应对挑战的措施也许也是新的，但那些长期以来指导我们成功的价值观——勤奋、诚实、勇气、公平竞争、包容以及对世界保持好奇心，还有对国家的忠诚和爱国主义——却是历久弥新，这些价值观是可靠的。他们是创造美国历史的无声力量。我们现在需要的就是回归这些古老的价值观。我们需要一个新的负责任的时代，一个觉醒的时代，每个国人都应意识到即我们对自己、对国家和世界负有责任，我们不应该不情愿地接受这些责任，而应该快乐地承担起这些责任。我们应该坚定这一认识，即没有什么比全身心投入一项艰巨的工作更能锻炼我们的性格，更能获得精神上的满足。

这是公民应尽的义务，应做出的承诺。

我们自信源于对上帝的信仰，上帝号召我们要掌握自己的命运。

这就是我们自由和信仰的意义，这也是为何不同种族、不同信仰、不同性别和年龄的人可以同聚一堂在此欢庆的原因，也是我今天能站在这里庄严宣誓的原因，而在50多年前我的父亲甚至都不能成为地方餐馆的服务生。

所以，让我们铭记自己的身份，镌刻自己的足迹。在美国诞生的时代，那最寒冷的岁月里，一群勇敢的爱国人士围着篝火在冰封的河边取暖。首都被占领，敌人在挺进，冬天的雪被鲜血染成了红色。在美国大革命最受质疑的时刻，我们的国父们这样说：

“我们要让未来的世界知道„„在深冬的严寒里，唯有希望和勇气才能让我们存活„„面对共同的危险时，我们的城市和国家要勇敢地上前去面对。”

今天的美国也在严峻的寒冬中面对共同的挑战，让我们记住国父们不朽的语言。带着希望和勇气，让我们再一次勇敢地面对寒流，迎接可能会发生的风暴。我们要让我们的子孙后代记住，在面临挑战的时候，我们没有屈服，我们没有逃避也没有犹豫，我们脚踏实地、心怀信仰，秉承了宝贵的自由权利并将其安全地交到了下一代的手中。

第四篇：美国首任黑人总统奥巴马竞选演讲稿(中英)

美国首任黑人总统奥巴马竞选演讲稿（中英）网友常用标签（共4个）：

中英对照奥巴马美国竞选黑人总统

美国首任黑人总统奥巴马竞选演讲：我们需要的变革。

Obama: The Change We Need

This is a defining moment in our history.We face the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression--760,000 workers have lost their jobs this year.Businesses and families can't get credit.Home values are falling, and pensions are disappearing.Wages are lower than they've been in a decade, at a time when the costs of health care and college have never been higher.At a moment like this, we can't afford four more years of spending increases, poorly designed tax cuts, or the complete lack of regulatory oversight that even former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan now believes was a mistake.America needs a new direction.That's why I'm running for president of the United States.Tomorrow, you can give this country the change we need.My opponent, Senator McCain, has served his country honorably.He can even point to a few moments in the past where he has broken from his party.But over the past eight years, he's voted with President Bush 90% of the time.And when it comes to the economy, he still can't tell the American people one major thing he'd do differently from George Bush.It's not change to come up with a tax plan that doesn't give a penny of relief to more than 100 million middle-class Americans--a plan that even the National Review and other conservative organizations complain does far too little to benefit the middle class.It's not change to add more than $5 trillion to the deficits we've run up in recent years.It's not change to come up with a plan to address our housing crisis that puts another $300 billion of taxpayer money at risk--a plan that the editorial board of this newspaper said 'raises more questions than it answers.'

If there's one thing we've learned from this economic crisis, it's that we are all in this together.From CEOs to shareholders, from financiers to factory workers, we all have a stake in each other's success because the more Americans prosper, the more America prospers.That's why we've had titans of industry who've made it their mission to pay well enough that their employees could afford the products they made--businessmen like Warren Buffett, whose support I'm proud to have.That's why our economy hasn't just been the world's greatest wealth creator--it's been the world's greatest job generator.It's been the tide that has lifted the boats of the largest middle class in history.To rebuild that middle class, I'll give a tax break to 95% of workers and their families.If you work, pay taxes, and make less than $200,000, you'll get a tax cut.If you make more than $250,000, you'll still pay taxes at a lower rate than in the 1990s

--and capital gains and dividend taxes one-third lower than they were under President Reagan.We'll create two million new jobs by rebuilding our crumbling infrastructure and laying broadband lines that reach every corner of the country.I'll invest $15 billion a year over the next decade in renewable energy, creating five million new, green jobs that pay well, can't be outsourced, and can help end our dependence on Middle East oil.When it comes to health care, we don't have to choose between a government-run system and the unaffordable one we have now.My opponent's plan would make you pay taxes on your health-care benefits for the first time in history.My plan will make health care affordable and accessible for every American.If you already have health insurance, the only change you'll see under my plan is lower premiums.If you don't, you'll be able to get the same kind of plan that members of Congress get for themselves.To give every child a world-class education so they can compete in this global economy for the jobs of the 21st century, I'll invest in early childhood education and recruit an army of new teachers.But I'll also demand higher standards and more accountability.And we'll make a deal with every young American: If you commit to serving your community or your country, we will make sure you can afford your tuition.And when it comes to keeping this country safe, I'll end the Iraq war responsibly so we stop spending $10 billion a month in Iraq while it sits on a huge surplus.For the sake of our economy, our military and the long-term stability of Iraq, it's time for the Iraqis to step up.I'll finally finish the fight against bin Laden and the al Qaeda terrorists who attacked us on 9/11, build new partnerships to defeat the threats of the 21st century, and restore our moral standing so that America remains the last, best hope of Earth.None of this will be easy.It won't happen overnight.But I believe we can do this because I believe in America.This is the country that allowed our parents and

grandparents to believe that even if they couldn't go to college, they could save a little bit each week so their child could;that even if they couldn't have their own business, they could work hard enough so their child could open one of their own.And at every moment in our history, we've risen to meet our challenges because we've never forgotten the fundamental truth that in America, our destiny is not written for us, but by us.So tomorrow, I ask you to write our nation's next great chapter.I ask you to believe--not just in my ability to bring about change, but in yours.Tomorrow, you can choose policies that invest in our middle class, create new jobs, and grow this economy so that everyone has a chance to succeed.You can choose hope over fear, unity over division, the promise of change over the power of the status quo.If you give me your vote, we won't just win this election--together, we will change this country and change the world.现在是美国历史的关键时刻。我们面临着大萧条以来最为严重的一场经济危机：今年以来已经有76万人失业；企业和家庭无法获得信贷；房价不断下滑，养老金日益缩水；工资降到了十年来的最低水平，同时医疗和教育成本却涨到了有史以来的最高点。

在眼下这样的危急时刻，我们承受不起又一个四年的支出增长、千疮百孔的减税措施、或是监管全无──即使是美国联邦储备委员会（Fed）前主席格林斯潘（Alan Greenspan）现在也承认那是个错误。美国需要一个新的方向。这也正是我竞选美国总统的原因所在。

明天，也就是周二，你们将有能力赋予这个国家我们所需要的变革。

Corbis我的竞选对手麦凯恩参议员为美国作出的贡献令人尊敬。他甚至可以指出他过去曾有几次与自己的党派分道扬镳。然而，在过去八年中，他十之八九都赞同布什总统的主张。而在经济问题上，他仍然无法向美国民众说明，他与布什的做法会有什么太大区别。

如果提出的税收计划没有让1亿多美国中产阶级获得一分钱的税项减免，这不是变革──即使是《国家评论》（National Review）杂志和其他保守派组织也抱怨说，这个计划对造福中产阶级贡献寥寥。在近年来不断累积的财政赤字上再添5万亿美元，这不是变革。如果解决房市危机的计划又将另外3,000亿美元纳税人的钱置于风险之中，这不是变革──《华尔街日报》编辑委员会称这一计划“产生的问题比解决的问题多”。

如果说我们从此次经济危机中学到了什么的话，那就是我们要患难与共。从首席执行长到公司股东，从金融家到工厂工人，我们每个人都休戚相关，因为美国的民众越富足，美国才会越繁荣。

这就是为什么我们有些企业巨头把提高员工薪酬作为自己的一项使命，让员工能买得起自己生产的产品，比如巴菲特（Warren Buffett）这样的商界人士。我对能有他的支持感到自豪。这就是为什么美国经济不仅是世界上最伟大的财富创造者，也是世界上最伟大的就业机会制造者。它一直托举着有史以来规模最大的中产阶级之舟。

为了重塑美国中产阶级，我将给予95%的工人及其家庭税收减免待遇。如果你工作，就交税；如果年收入不足20万美元，你会获得减税；即使你的年收入超过了25万美元，你所负担的税率也比上世纪九十年代要低──资本利得税和股息税要比里根总统时期低三分之一。

通过重建日益破败的基础设施、在美国的各个角落接通宽带，我们将创造200万个就业岗位。未来的十年中，我将每年在可再生能源领域投资150亿美元，进而新增500万个岗位；这些工作环保、薪酬丰厚、不能外包，而且能帮助我们摆脱对中东石油的依赖。

在医疗问题上，我们不必在政府运营的体系和目前这种我们难以负担的体系之间进行选择。我的竞选对手提出的方案会令美国人有史以来首次为自己获得的医疗福利纳税。我的计划则会让医疗保健成为每个美国人都负担得起、享受得到的服务。根据我的计划，如果你已经有了医疗保险，你将看到的唯一一个变化是保费降低；如果你还没有医疗保险，你将能与国会议员们享受到同样的医疗福利。

为了让每个孩子享受到世界级的教育，让他们能在全球经济中竞争21世纪的工作岗位，我将投资早期教育，并且增加师资力量。不过，我同时也会要求更高的标准和更多的责任。我们向每个美国年轻人作出承诺：如果你致力于服务你的社区或是你的国家，我们将确保你能负担得起自己的学费。

在国防安全问题上，我将负责任地结束伊拉克战争，这样我们就不必在这个国家享有巨额财政盈余的情况下每月却要在那里花费100亿美元。为了美国的经济、美国的军队和伊拉克的长期稳定，现在是伊拉克人站出来的时候了。我将最终完成对本·拉登（Bin Laden）和基地组织恐怖分子的打击，正是这些人制造了9/11恐怖袭击，同时我还会建立新的合作关系、击退21世纪出现的威胁，恢复我们的道德威望，让美国仍然是地球上最后也是最好的希望。

这些事情没有一件是轻而易举能办到的，也不是一朝一夕能完成的。但是，我坚信我们能成功，因为我对美国深信不疑。是美国使我们的父辈相信，即使他们自己无法上大学，也可以每周积攒下一些钱来，让他们的孩子接受好的教育；即使他们不能拥有自己的企业，也可以通过努力工作让自己的孩子创办企业。在美国历史的每个时刻，我们都勇敢地站起来面对挑战，因为我们从来没有忘记过这样一个基本真理：在美国，我们的命运并非天定，而是掌握在我们自己的手中。所以，明天，我恳请你们书写美国下一个伟大的篇章。我恳请你们不只相信我带来变革的能力，还有你们自己的能力。明天，你们可以选择这样一种政策──向美国中产阶级进行投入、创造新的就业岗位、实现经济增长让人人都有成功的机会。你们可以选择希望而非恐惧、选择团结

而非分裂、选择变革的希望而非墨守成规。如果你们投我的票，我们将不仅赢得此次竞选，还将一起改变这个国家、改变这个世界。

第五篇：从奥巴马当选总统看美国选举文化

从奥巴马当选总统看美国选举文化

学号：0801010223

姓名：田智超

摘要：美国实行总统制，总统选举每四年举行一次。总统选举的程序与过程极为错综复杂，包括预选、党的全国代表大会、总统候选人竞选、全国选民投票选出总统“选举人”、“选举人”成立选举人团正式选举总统和当选总统就职典礼等几个阶段。

关键词：奥巴马 选举制度 选举文化

2008年11月5日，四年一度的美国总统选举终于落下帷幕，巴拉克·侯赛因·奥巴马正式当选为美国第56届总统。奥巴马作为美国历史上第一位非洲裔的黑人总统，他的竞选历程更能够全方位地展现出美国选举文化诸方面的特点，其深刻的内涵以及对美国乃至全世界所产生的重大影响，值得我们对此进行深入的研究。

美国选举文化的历史起源

18世纪中叶，北美的13个英国殖民地逐渐形成，他们在英国的最高主权下有各自的政府和议会。这13个殖民区因气候和地理环境的差异，造成了各地经济形态、政治制度与观念上的差别。18世纪中叶，英国在美洲的殖民地与英国之间，已有了裂痕，殖民地萌生了独立的念头。

1773年，波士顿倾茶事件成为了美国独立运动的开始。1774年，来自12个州的代表聚集在费城，召开了第一次大陆会议，希望能寻出一条合理的途径，与英国和平解决问题。然而英王却坚持殖民地必须无条件臣服于英王，并接受处分。1775年，独立战争的战火在马萨诸塞州莱克星顿点燃。1776年5月，在费城召开第二次大陆会议发表了著名的《独立宣言》。1787年，在费城举行联邦会议，会中华盛顿被推为主席。在独立战争结束之际，军官们曾“劝进”华盛顿，拥戴他“王袍加身”。华盛顿拒绝并加申斥，他的举动，使美国避过了君主制和军国制。1789年，华盛顿当选为第一任美国总统。

由此可见，美国民主选举文化的历史起源是与其独特的历史背景和地理条件息息相关的。在脱离英国统治的独立斗争中，美国人逐渐形成了“不自由，毋宁死”的民主文化观念。华盛顿拒绝君主专制，除他本人高风亮节外，也是民主选举文化的发展使然：18世纪后期的北美，君主专制在广大民众中已不得人心。

美国选举文化的发展

美国发展的历史背景、公民成份的组成和政治体制的特殊性，使得美国民主选举文化的发展十分复杂和曲折。美国诞生于与英国决裂的过程中，国家机制的创建和公民群体的创建同时进行，民主选举文化的建立不仅深受英国文化的影响，而且与公民资格本身的界定也有密切的关系。虽然美国宣示的立国原则是自由与平等，但其民主选举权力从一开始就带有鲜明的排斥性。

美国民主选举文化的再一次重要转变开始于二十世纪二十年代。1920年，第19条宪法修正案使妇女获得了选举权。1965年，联邦政府又积极干预，通过新的宪法修正案和选举权法，帮助南部黑人重新获得了选举权。

可见，美国的民主选举文化是在曲折中不断发展的。民主选举权力的扩大，使得美国民主选举文化更加具有包容性。在本次美国总统选举中，奥巴马成为了美国第一位黑人总统，更是体现了美国民主选举文化的不断进步。

美国选举文化与选举制度的关系

美国的总统选举制度是西方所有民主政体中，耗时最长、最为独特的一个选举制度。美国的总统大选一般分三个阶段，第一个阶段是从大选年的每年2月开始初选，然后在初选之后，要经历美国两个主要政党，民主和共和两个政党的全国代表大会对党内的候选人进行正式提名，然后在全国代表大会结束之后，才开始有两党的主要候选人，进行正式的全国大选，所以整个美国大选年的总统大选耗时10个月，远远长于德国、法国、意大利、英国等西方国家。这些国家的平均政府首脑的大选的时间大概是在四到六个星期左右，而美国却要十个月。在今年的美国总统选举中，奥巴马就曾经到美国各地进行了长时间的巡回演说。

尽管有部分美国民众抱怨现有的总统选举制度耗时太长，过于繁琐，要求将总统选举方式加以改进、缩短，但大部分美国人对民主自由受到损害的担忧远甚于对大选耗时过长的担忧，因为在他们看来，在考虑清楚后做出正确的选择，维护好自己的民主自由权利才是最重要的。美国总统选举的较长耗时，是美国选举文化的一个独特体现。

美国选举文化与奥巴马身份的特殊性的关系

奥巴马当选成为美国历史上第一位黑人总统，是美国选举史上一个历史性的时刻。黑人在美国社会上曾长期受到不公正待遇，1861年至1865年南北战争之后黑奴虽然获得解放，但美国黑人在政治、经济、教育、就业、居住等方面仍然受到诸多的歧视与限制，无法做到与白人真正的平等，仍处于社会的底层。奥巴马的当选，打破美国200多年历史中一直存在的严重的种族偏见，反映美国民众的思想正在发生深刻变化。这个新局面势将对美国国内政治生活产生深远影响。奥巴马获胜反映了美国选举文化的进步，标志着一个新时代的开始。

结语 我认为，导致美国人选举出首位黑人担任美国下届总统，是种族意识在起作用，不过这个种族意识不再是种族歧视，而是美国全民族的种族融合意识。

持这种观点的人认为，大多数美国白人和黑人都认为，是时候显示美国真正进步到种族平等时代了。奥巴马不仅赢得了绝大多数有色人种的选票，也赢得了原本是共和党天下的中部保守白人选票，这表明相当数量的白人选民接受了美国种族融合的共同价值观。奥巴马的当选，对美国选举文化的发展有着重大意义。

参考文献：科学文化教育网