奥巴马在美国海军学院2013届毕业典礼演讲译文（五篇范文）

第一篇：奥巴马在美国海军学院2013届毕业典礼演讲译文

奥巴马在美国海军学院2013届毕业典礼演讲译文

Hello, Midshipmen!(Applause.)Well, thank you, Governor O’Malley, for your kind introduction and the great support that Maryland gives this Academy.To Secretary Mabus, Admiral Greenert, General Paxton--thank you all for your incredible leadership of our extraordinary Navy and Marine Corps teams.大家好，各位海军见习军官！（掌声）谢谢，奥马雷州长，感谢你的美言和马里兰州给海军学院的巨大支持。马巴斯部长，格林纳特上将，帕克斯顿将军—感谢你们出色地领导了我们非凡的海军和海军陆战队。To Vice Admiral Miller, thank you for the outstanding work that you do.To Captain Clark and all the faculty and staff;to the moms and dads who raised your sons and daughters to seek this life of service;to the local sponsor families who cared for them far from home;the members of the Class of 1963--veterans who’ve guided these midshipmen along the way--today is also a tribute to your support and your patriotism.And I know that the Class of 2013 joins me in saluting your service as well.(Applause.)米勒中将，感谢你杰出的工作成绩。克拉克院长和全体教职员工们；养育了追求海军职守的儿女们的父母们；照料远离家乡的孩子们的本地恩主们；1963届毕业生们—一直守护这些海军见习军官的退伍军人们—今天也感谢你们的支持和爱国主义。我知道2013届毕业生也和我一起向你们致敬。（掌声）To the entire Brigade of Midshipmen--you embody the highest virtues of this venerable institution.And yet, I know that some of you at times have enjoyed yourselves at other local institutions like McGarvey’s and Armadillo’s.(Applause.)But today is a day of celebration--and also forgiveness.And so, in keeping with tradition, I declare all midshipmen on restriction for minor conduct offenses are hereby absolved.(Laughter and applause.)As always, Admiral Miller gets to decide what’s “minor.”(Laughter.)Some of these guys are laughing a little nervously about that.(Laughter.)加入了海军见习军官团队—你们就代表了这个崇高的机构的最高美德。然而，我知道你们有些人有时候到诸如McGarvey 和 Armadillo的地方大学玩的乐不思蜀。（掌声）但是今天是个庆祝的日子—也是宽恕的日子。所以，我还是继承传统，宣布因轻微违纪而被关禁闭的所有海军见习军官们解禁。（笑声和掌声）和过去一样，由米勒将军解释什么是“轻微”。（笑声）这下有些人恐怕是有点皮笑肉不笑吧。（笑声）

Now, obviously, most of all, it is wonderful to be able to celebrate this incredible Class of 2013.This has special meaning for me as well, because the United States Naval Academy was the very first service academy that I had the privilege to address as President.On that spring day four years ago, most of you were still in high school, finishing your senior year, or at NAPS, finishing up prep school.You were a little younger--and I was, too.You had your entire Naval Academy experience ahead of you;I was already getting chest bumps from the graduates of 2009.(Laughter.)显然，对大多数人，能够欢庆出色的2013届毕业生毕业是多么的美妙。在对我也非同凡响，因为美国海军学院是我作为总统有幸来演讲的第一个军队院校。在四年前的春天，你们大多数人还是高中生，完成高中学业，或在NAPS（Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service），完成预科学业。那时你们比现在年轻一些—我也是。你们即将开始经历海军学院的全部；我已经得到2009届毕业生们的撞胸祝贺了。

Soon after, you came to the Yard--and you got quite a welcome.The joy of I-Day.Wonderful haircuts.Stylish eyeglasses.And all that Plebe Year, if you got something wrong, your upperclassmen kindly corrected you--at high volume, at very close range.(Laughter.)When Michelle brought our daughter Sasha here for a visit, she got a somewhat different reception.She was just in elementary school, but it seemed like the Navy was already doing some recruiting--because as she went through Bancroft Hall she came to one room and saw the name on the door--“Sasha Obama, Class of 2023.”(Laughter.)So you never know.不久，你们走进了海军学院—你们得到了隆重的欢迎。入学日的欢乐。美妙的理发。时尚的眼镜。在攀爬Herndon碑活动中，如果你有些事做得不妥，你的学长们就会有好地在拥挤的人群中近距离地纠正。（笑声）米切尔带着我们的女儿萨莎参观贵校时，她得到了与众不同的欢迎。她刚刚上小学，但是好像海军似乎也录取她了—因为她走进Bancroft大厅时，她来到一个房间发现门上有名字—“萨莎奥巴马，2023届”。（笑声）你们可能永远不知道。

Today, each of you can take enormous pride, for you’ve met the mission of this Academy.You’ve proven yourselves morally, living a concept of honor and integrity--and this includes treating one another with respect and recognizing the strength of every member of your team.You’re the most diverse class to graduate in Naval Academy history.And among the many proud young women graduating today, 13 will serve on submarines.(Applause.)今天，你们每个人都可以享受无比的骄傲，因为你们完成了学院的学业。你们已经从道德上证明了自己；践行了诚信和荣誉的理念—包括互相尊重和承认团队成员的能力。你们是海军学院历史上最多样的一届毕业生。在今天毕业的骄傲的女生中，有13位将到潜艇上服役。You’ve proven yourselves mentally.Now, I know that some think of this as just a small engineering school on the Severn.You’ve not only met its rigorous standards, you’ve helped this Academy earn a new distinction--the number-one public liberal arts school in America.(Applause.)你们已经在精神上证明了自己。现在我知道有些人认为这仅仅是在赛文市的一个小小的工程学院。你们不仅达到了它的严格标准，你们还帮助这个学院赢得了新的盛名—美国首屈一指的公共文科学院。

And you’ve proven yourselves physically--a Herndon Climb of two minutes, five seconds.(Applause.)Now that they put the grease back on, no one will ever match your time.(Laughter.)More importantly, last month I welcomed Coach Ken and the team back to the White House because you beat Air Force, you beat Army, and you brought the Commander-in-Chief’s trophy back to Annapolis.(Applause.)你们已经在体质上证明了自己—两分五秒完成Herndon碑的攀爬。（掌声）现在他们往碑上涂油脂了，恐怕没有人能破你们的记录了。（笑声）最重要的是，上个月，我请Ken教练和球队来到白宫，因为你们击败了空军队，击败了陆军队把“总司令杯”拿回了安纳波利斯。So, Class of 2013, in your four years by the Bay, you’ve met every test before you.And today is the day that you’ve been counting down to for so long.You will take your oath.Those boards and gold bars will be placed on your shoulders.And as your Commander-in-Chief, I congratulate each of you on becoming our newest officers--ensigns in the United States Navy, second lieutenants in the United States Marine Corps.2013届毕业生们，你们在这个海湾的四年里经受了面前的所有考验。今天你们的告别也已经进入倒计时了。你们将立下誓言。你们将带上有金色条纹肩章。作为你们的总司令，我祝贺你们成为美国海军的最新军官—海军少尉，海军陆战队的少尉。

And soon you will join the fleet.You’ll lead Marines.And just as you’ve changed over the past four years, so, too, have the challenges facing our military.Before you arrived here, our nation was engaged in two wars, al Qaeda’s leadership was entrenched in their safe havens, many of our alliances were strained, and our nation’s standing in the world had suffered.And over the past four years, we’ve strengthened our alliances and restored America’s image in the world.你们不久就要进入舰队了。你们就要领导海军陆战队了。正如你们在过去的四年里改变自己一样，你们也要迎接我们军队面临的挑战。在你们来到这里之前，我们国家卷入两场战争，基地组织的头头们藏匿在他们的地洞里，我们的很多盟友草木皆兵，我们的国家屹立于灾难深重的世界。在过去的四年，我们加强了我们的盟友恢复了美国在世界上的形象。The war in Iraq is over and we welcomed our troops home.Thanks to our brave personnel--including our incredible Navy SEALs--we delivered justice to Osama bin Laden.(Applause.)In Afghanistan, the transition is underway, our troops are coming home, and by the end of next year our war in Afghanistan will come to an end.(Applause.)伊拉克战争已经结束，我们欢迎了我们的军队凯旋。感谢英勇的参战人员—包括杰出的海军海豹突击队—我们把本拉登绳之以法了。（掌声）在阿富汗，交接正在进行，我们的军队正在撤离，明年年底我们的阿富汗战争就可以结束。（掌声）And today, we salute all the Americans who made the ultimate sacrifice in these wars, including 18 graduates of this Academy.We honor them all, now and forever.今天，我们向在这些战争中奉献了一切的美国人致敬，包括18名海军学院的毕业生。我们永远崇敬他们。Yesterday, I spoke about the way forward in the fight to keep our country secure--for even as we've decimated the al Qaeda leadership, we still face threats from al Qaeda affiliates and from individuals caught up in its ideology.Even as we move beyond deploying large ground armies abroad, we still need to conduct precise, targeted strikes against terrorists before they kill our citizens.And even as we stay vigilant in the face of terrorism and stay true to our Constitution and our values, we need to stay ready for the full range of threats--from nations seeking weapons of mass destruction to cyber criminals seeking to unleash weapons of mass destruction.昨天，我讲了如何在维护我们的国家安全的战斗中更进一步—因为尽管我们已经重创了基地组织的头目，但是仍然面对基地组织追随者们和秉持它的意识形态的人们的威胁。尽管我们已经在国外部署大量地面部队，我们仍然需要执行先发制人的针对恐怖分子的定点精确打击。尽管我们保持对恐怖主义的高度警惕，忠于宪法和我们的价值，我们仍然需要时刻准备着打击全面恐怖威胁—从来自谋求大规模杀伤性武器的国家到谋求大规模杀伤性武器泛滥的网络罪犯们的威胁。

In these tough fiscal times, we also have to make hard choices at home, including in our Armed Forces.But I want you all to know as you enter in what I know will be extraordinary years of service, let me say as clearly as I can--the United States of America will always maintain our military superiority.And as your Commander-in-Chief, I’m going to keep fighting to give you the equipment and support required to meet the missions we ask of you, and also to make sure that you are getting the pay and the benefits and the support that you deserve.(Applause.)在这财政紧缩的时候，我们不得不在国内做出艰难抉择，包括关于我们的武装力量的抉择。但是我希望你们所有即将进入我认为非凡的军旅生涯时都知道，让我尽全力说明—美利坚合众国将永远维持我们的军事优势。作为你们的总司令，我将继续奋斗为你们提供我们要求你们完成的任务需要的装备和支持，也保证你们得到应得的军饷、福利和支持。（掌声）

I’ll keep fighting for the capabilities and technologies you need to prevail, and a shipbuilding plan that puts us on track to achieve a 300-ship fleet, with capabilities that exceed the power of the next dozen navies combined.(Applause.)我将继续为你们取胜所需要的作战能力和技术而奋斗，一个使我们回归拥有300艘舰船的舰队的造船计划，其作战能力超过其他十几个国家的海军作战能力的总和。（掌声）And I’ll keep fighting to end those foolish across-the-board budget cuts known as the sequester, which is threatening our readiness.With deficits falling at the fastest rate in decades, it’s time for Congress to budget in a smarter way that protects middle-class priorities, preserves investments in our future, and keeps our military strong--because we have the best-trained, best-led, best-equipped military in history, and I am determined to keep it that way, and Congress should be, too.(Applause.)将继续为结束愚蠢的称为预算封顶的全面预算削减而奋斗，这样的削减损害我们的战备。随着赤字以几十年来最快的速度下降，现在是国会以更加明智的预算保护中产阶级的优先、维持对我们的未来的投资和保持我们的军力强大的时候了—因为我们有历史上最训练有素、领导有力和装备领先的军力，我决心这样做，国会也应该如此。（掌声）

We need you to project power across the oceans, from the Pacific to the Persian Gulf--100 percent on watch.We need you to partner with other navies and militaries, from Africa to the Americas.We need you to respond with compassion in times of disaster, as when you helped respond to Hurricane Sandy.And in all your work--in your lifetime of service--we need you to uphold the highest standards of integrity and character.我们需要你们把武装力量投放到大洋彼岸，从太平洋到波斯湾—百分之百在职守范围。我们需要你们与他国海军和军队合作，从非洲到美洲。我们需要你们在灾时以满腔热忱应对，就像你们协助应对飓风桑迪一样。在你们的所有工作中，在你们的整个军旅生涯中，我们需要你们秉持最高的诚信和品德标准。

With the time I have left--and I know it’s a little wet, but the Superintendent told me that Marines and folks in the Navy don't mind a little water.(Laughter.)在我剩下的时间—我知道大家都有点儿出汗了，但是校长告诉我海军陆战队员和海军军官不在乎这点儿水。（笑声）

With the time I have left, that’s what I want to discuss today.It’s no secret that in recent decades many Americans have lost confidence in many of the institutions that help shape our society and our democracy.But I suggest to you today that institutions do not fail in a vacuum.Institutions are made up of people, individuals.And we’ve seen how the actions of a few can undermine the integrity of those institutions.在剩下的时间里，我要说的才是今天的主题。无需隐晦，几十年来很多美国人对很多有助于构成我们的社会和民主的机构失去了信任。但是今天我提醒你们这些机构不是在真空中失利的。机构由人、个人组成。我们已经看到了少数人的行径任何毁掉这些机构的诚信的。

Every day, men and women of talent and skill work in the financial institutions that fund new businesses, and put new families--put families in new homes and help students go to college.But we’ve also seen how the misdeeds of some--wild risk-taking or putting profits before people--sparked a financial crisis and deepened the recession that cost millions of Americans their jobs.每天都有才华横溢的男男女女们在投资新企业、给新家庭—给新家庭住房和帮助大学生进入高校的进入机构工作。但是我们也已经看到了有些人的恶行—野蛮地冒险和把利润看得高于人民—因此引发金融危机并且加重随退造成几百万美国人失业。

Every day, elected officials like those on this stage, but also all across the nation, devote themselves to improving our communities and our country.But all too often we’ve seen a politics where compromise is rejected as a dirty word, and policies are driven by special interests rather than the national interest.And that breeds a cynicism that threatens our democracy.每天，如同台上这些当选官员们，也包括全国各地的官员们，都投身于改进我们的社区和国家的大任中。但是我们也经常看到有些政治把妥协作为肮脏词汇加以拒绝，有些政策有特殊利益驱动而不是由国家利益驱动。在造成了损害我们的民主的玩世不恭行为。

Every day, our civil servants do their jobs with professionalism--protecting our national security and delivering the services that so many Americans expect.But as we’ve seen again in recent days, it only takes the misconduct of a few to further erode the people’s trust in their government.That’s unacceptable to me, and I know it’s unacceptable to you.每天，我们的公务员们以敬业精神做他们的工作—维护我们的国家安全和提供美国人民期待的服务。但是正如我们近几天再次看到的，仅仅是少数人的恶行就会进一步侵蚀人民对政府的信任。我不能接受这些，我知道你们也不能接受。

And against this backdrop, what I said here four years ago remains true today: Our military remains the most trusted institution in America.When others have shirked their responsibilities, our Armed Forces have met every mission we’ve given them.When others have been distracted by petty arguments, our men and women in uniform come together as one American team.在这样的背景下，我四年前在此说的话依然正确：我们的军队仍然是美国最可信赖的机构。当其他人逃避责任时，我们的武装力量挺身而出面对我们赋予他们的任何任务。当其他人因为一点小事分崩离析时，我们的军中优秀儿女们团结成一个美国国家队。

And yet, we must acknowledge that even here, even in our military, we’ve seen how the misconduct of some can have effects that ripple far and wide.In our digital age, a single image from the battlefield of troops falling short of their standards can go viral and endanger our forces and undermine our efforts to achieve security and peace.Likewise, those who commit sexual assault are not only committing a crime, they threaten the trust and discipline that make our military strong.That’s why we have to be determined to stop these crimes, because they’ve got no place in the greatest military on Earth.然而我们必须承认即使在这里，在我们的军队，我们仍然看见有些人的恶行如何造成广泛的深远的恶劣影响。在我们的数字时代，只要一张来自战地的我们的部队违反纪律的图片就会像病毒一样扩散威胁我们的军队、损害我们实现安全和和平的努力。因此，那些实施性侵的家伙们不仅是犯罪，而且损害了使我军强大的信任和纪律。这就是为什么我们必须下决心制止这些罪行的原因，因为它们应该在地球上最伟大的军队里无处藏身。

So, Class of 2013, I say all this because you’re about to assume the burden of leadership.As officers, you will be trusted with the most awesome of responsibilities--the lives of the men and women under your command.And when your service is complete, many of you will go on to help lead your communities, America’s companies.You will lead this country.And if we want to restore the trust that the American people deserve to have in their institutions, all of us have to do our part.And those of us in leadership--myself included--have to constantly strive to remain worthy of the public trust.所以，2013届毕业生们，我说这些是因为你们即将接过领导的重任。作为军官，你们将被委以艰难的重任—你们手下的男男女女们的性命。当你们退伍后，你们中的很多人还要领导你们的社区，美国的公司。你们将领导这个国家。如果你们想恢复美国人民对他们的机构应有的信任，我们每个人都应该各尽其职。我们中那些担任领导职务的—包括我自己—必须时刻保持无愧于公众的信任。

As you go forward in your careers, we need you to carry forth the values that you’ve learned at this institution, because our nation needs them now more than ever.在你们即将进入你们的生涯时，我们需要你们弘扬你们在这个机构学到的价值，因为我们的国家比以往任何时候都需要它们。

We need your Honor--that inner compass that guides you, not when the path is easy and obvious, but when it’s hard and uncertain;that tells you the difference between that which is right and that which is wrong.Perhaps it will be a moment when you think nobody is watching.But never forget that honor, like character, is what you do when nobody is looking.More likely it will be when you’re in the spotlight, leading others--the men and women who are looking up to you to set an example.Never ask them to do what you don’t ask of yourself.Live with integrity and speak with honesty and take responsibility and demand accountability.我们需要你们的荣誉感—指引你们方向的内心罗盘，不仅在舒适安逸的时候，更是在艰苦动荡的时候；它告诉你们什么是对什么是错。或许它就是你认为没人看的时刻。但是你们必须牢记这个荣誉感，如同品德，是你们在没人看的时候做的什么。更多的时候是你们在聚光灯下，领导他人—男男女女们看着你给他们树立一个榜样。己所不欲勿施于人。诚信做人诚实说话承担责任担当义务。

We need your Honor and we need your Courage--yes, the daring that tells you to move toward danger when every fiber of your being says to turn the other way.But even more than physical courage, we need your moral courage--the strength to do what’s right, especially when it’s unpopular.Because at the end of the day and at the end of your career, you want to look in the mirror and say with confidence and with pride, I fulfilled my oath;I did my duty;I stayed true to my values.我们需要你们的荣誉感和勇气—对，勇敢告诉你投身你的每一寸肌肤都告诉你不能去的危险。但是不仅是生理勇气，我们需要你们的道德勇气—做正义之事、特别是默默无闻的正义之事的力量。因为在每一天结束和你们的军旅生涯结束时，你们希望对着镜子骄傲和自信地说，我履行了我的誓言；我尽了我的义务；我恪守了我的价值。

We need your Honor and Courage, and we need your Commitment--that sense of purpose that says I will try even harder, I will do even better in what I expect of myself, in the way I interact with others, including those of different backgrounds.It's no accident that our military is the most respected institution in America--and one of the most diverse institutions in America.So recognize the dignity in every human being.Treat one another with respect.Remember that when we harness the talents of every man and every woman from every race and every religion and every creed, no nation can ever match us.我们需要你们的荣誉感和勇气，我们需要你们的担当—一种使命感，它说我要更加努力地奋斗，我将做得比自己希望的更好，与他人共同努力，包括不同背景的人们。我们的军队是美国最可爱的机构—一个美国最具多样性的机构决非偶然。所以认同每个人的尊严。以尊重待人。牢记如果我们收获来自每个种族每个宗教和每个信仰的每个男女的天赋，我们就举世无敌。

And, finally, we need your Resolve--the same spirit reflected in your class motto: “Surrender to Nothing.” If you seek an example, you don't need to look far, because not long ago, two midshipmen sat where you sat--from the Class of 2006--and they inspire us today.最后，我们需要你们的决心—正如你们的校训所说“永不投降”。如果你们想找个榜样，你们身边就有，因为不久前，两个曾经坐在你们的位置上的海军见习军官—2006届毕业生—他们至今仍然激励我们。

Here at the Academy, Brad Snyder was the captain of the swim team.He deployed to Afghanistan, and while rushing to the aid of his teammates, he stepped on an IED and lost both his eyes.With the support of family and friends, Brad learned to feel his way and move again.And before long, he was back in the swimming pool, where he said “I’m free.” Then, just one year later, Brad competed at the London Paralympics and won three medals, including two golds.在海军学院，Brad Snyder是游泳队的领队。他曾经被部署到阿富汗，当他冲上去帮助他的队友时，不幸踩上了简易爆炸装置而失去了双眼。在家人和朋友们的支持下，Brad学会了触觉感知继续前进。不久前，他重返泳池，他说“我如鱼得水”。一年后，Brad出征伦敦残奥会斩获三枚奖牌，包括两枚金牌。

And when Michelle and I welcomed our U.S.Olympians to the White House, Brad joined us--standing tall, right in front.And, he said, “Overcoming adversity is a decision.You can let that beat you, or you can make the decision to move forward.”当米切尔和我在白宫欢迎美国奥运选手时，Brad与我们在一起—高大威猛地站在我们面前。他说，“克服逆境是个抉择。你可以让它击败你，你也可以决定奋勇向前。” Here at the Academy, Matt Lampert was on the rowing team.He deployed to Afghanistan with his Marine special ops team.And as they entered a compound, an IED exploded and Matt lost both his legs.He endured a long and painful recovery.But with his new legs, he learned to walk again.He practiced, he trained, and then he passed his physical tests and deployed to Afghanistan again--a double amputee, back in the fight.在海军学院，Matt Lampert曾经是皮划艇队队员。他跟随海军陆战队特遣队部署到阿富汗。当他们进入一个大院时，一个简易爆炸装置爆炸了，Matt失去了双腿。他坚持住了长期的痛苦的恢复。都是他有了新腿之后，他再次学习走路。他练习，训练然后通过了体检重返阿富汗—一个双腿截肢者，重返战斗岗位。

And Matt recently completed his tour.He is back home and is looking ahead to many years of service.Reflecting on his journey--his mission to return to his unit--he said he was determined, “however long it was going to take.”Matt最近结束了他的旅程。他凯旋回国还将继续服役多年。回顾他的旅程—他重返部队的使命—他说他决心已定，“不管这个旅程有多么漫长”。

So Class of 2013, I cannot promise you a life of comfort and ease, for you have chosen an ancient path--the profession of arms--which carries all the perils of our modern world.And just as classes before you could not know that they would find themselves at Coral Sea or Midway or Fallujah or Helmand, we cannot know sitting here today where your service will carry you.2013届毕业生们，我不能保证你们享受舒适安逸的一生，因为你们选择了一个历史悠久的行业—军人职业—它承载着现代世界的一切艰难困苦。就像你们的学长们不知道他们会投身于珊瑚海大战、中途岛大战、费卢杰战事、赫尔曼德战事一样，你们今天坐在这里也不会知道你们的军旅把你们带到哪里。

But I do know this.As you say farewell to Bancroft Hall, as you make your way down Stribling Walk one last time, you’re becoming the newest link in a storied chain.As I look into your eyes today, I see the same confidence and the same professionalism, the same fidelity to our values of those who’ve served before you--the Jones and Nimitz and Lejeune and Burke, and, yes, the Snyder and the Lampert--Americans who surrendered to nothing.但是我知道这点。当你们告别Bancroft大厅，当你们最后一次走下Stribling Walk时，你们就成了历史上新的承前启后者。今天我从你们的眼神里看到与你们的前辈—琼斯、尼米兹、李杰尼、伯克，当然包括Snyder和Lampert—永不投降的美国人同样的自信、同样的敬业精神和对我们的价值同样的忠诚。

And I'm absolutely confident that you will uphold the highest of standards, and that your courage and honor and your commitment will see us through, and that you will always prove yourselves worthy of the trust our nation is placing in you today.我对你们弘扬最高标准，你们的勇气和担当使我们度过难关，你们将证明你们无愧于我们国家即将派遣你们的信任信心百倍。

So, congratulations, Class of 2013.(Applause.)God bless our Navy, and God bless our Marine Corps.(Applause.)God bless our Armed Services.God bless these United States of America.(Applause.)恭喜2013届毕业生。（掌声）上帝保佑我们的海军，上帝保佑我们的海军陆战队。（掌声）上帝保佑我们的武装力量。上帝保佑美利坚合众国。

第二篇：奥巴马演讲译文

奥巴马在今天于内华达大学发表演讲时称：“如果一家美国公司希望创造就业岗位和实现增长，那么我们就应该帮助其达成这一目标。”根据白宫公布的内容概要说明书显示，向能源抵税计划补充50亿美元资金将可吸引到大约120亿美元的私人投资，从而为清洁能源制造行业创造数以千计的工作岗位，这将意味着联邦政府所花费的每1美元都将为清洁能源项目换来大约2.40美元的私人资本。奥巴马称，联邦政府提供的50亿美元投资将可创造将近4万个工作岗位，而120亿美元的私人投资活动则将进一步创造9万个工作岗位。

奥巴马目前正处于视察密苏里州和内华达州的两天之旅中，他将利用此次视察来宣传自己的经济政策，并为民主党参议院候选人筹集竞选资金。在11月份的选举活动中，经济、就业和预算赤字很可能将成为首要问题，此次选举将决定美国国会的控制权。在今天的演讲中，奥巴马对其上任不久后推出的总额8620亿美元的经济刺激性计划作出了辩护，这项计划中有一项内容是为清洁能源行业提供价值23亿美元的抵税。奥巴马曾在1月份表示，在这项抵税计划的帮助下，共有183个清洁能源项目创造了1.7万多个就业岗位，这些项目所涉及的产品包括涡轮发电机和太阳能面板等。

奥巴马今天还表示，美国经济正在从20世纪30年代以来最严重的衰退周期中复苏。据劳工部此前公布的非农就业报告显示，6月份私营企业的就业人数增加了8.3万人，但失业率则仍旧高达9.5%。就内华达州而言，5月份该州的失业率为14%。奥巴马称：“就我所知，对于内华达州而言，我们已经走过了艰难的时刻，但并非所有的困难日子都已经被甩在身后。不过我可以作出承诺的是，我们正在朝着正确的方向前进。

我想下载（单击右键）Mp3

我想下载（单击右键）Mp4

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you, everybody.Thank you.(Applause.)Please have a seat.Have a seat.(Applause.)Well, thank you, Harry.Thanks for giving me a chance to get out of Washington.It’s very hot there.(Laughter.)It’s hot here, too, but there’s a little more humidity there.And I just love coming to Vegas.(Applause.)I love being here.I mentioned last night, I'm not the only one who loves it, because I noticed that, for some reason, Air Force One is more crowded when we're coming to Vegas.(Laughter.)Somehow I need more staff and logistical support and a couple extra Secret Service guys.(Laughter.)

We've got some wonderful leaders here, and I just want to acknowledge them very quickly.U.S.Representative Dina Titus is here--(applause)--doing a great job.And Nevada’s Secretary of State, Ross Miller, is here.(Applause.)Dr.Neal Smatresk is here, and his family.And they’re doing a great job on behalf of UNLV.(Applause.)And all of you are here.(Applause.)And I am thrilled to see you.But I’m especially here to be with my friend and your Senator, Harry Reid.(Applause.)One of the first stories I heard about Harry was that he was a boxer back in the day here in Nevada.And I was mentioning last--she’s laughing, she’s--oh, I can't believe it.(Laughter.)No, he was.(Laughter.)You wouldn't know that because he’s so soft-spoken.He’s all “well, I'm Harry Reid.”(Laughter.)But when he first told me he was a boxer, he said, “Barack, I wasn’t the fastest, I wasn’t the hardest hitting, but I knew how to take a punch.”(Laughter.)He knew how to take a punch.And Harry Reid became a pretty good boxer because he would simply outlast his opponents.He had a stronger will.I think that tells you something about the kind of person he is, the kind of senator he is, the kind of Senate Majority Leader he is.He’s a fighter, and you should never bet against him.(Applause.)And that’s just what we need right now.That's what Nevada needs right now.(Applause.)That's what Nevada needs, is somebody who’s going to fight for the people of Nevada and for the American people.And you know that he wasn’t born with a silver spoon in his mouth--in Searchlight, Nevada.So when you're going through tough times, Harry Reid has been there.He knows what it feels like to be scraping and scrimping, and struggle to make ends meet.And so when his home state is having a tough time, when the country is having a tough time, he knows that he’s got to be fighting on behalf of not those who are powerful, but on behalf of those who need help the most.Now, let me tell you, when we first took office, amidst the worst economy since the Great Depression, we needed Harry’s fighting spirit--because we had lost nearly three million jobs during the last six months of 2008.The month I was sworn in, January 2009, we lost 750,000 jobs in that month alone.The following month we lost 600,000 jobs.And these were all the consequence of a decade of misguided economic policies--a decade of stagnant wages, a decade of declining incomes, a decade of spiraling deficits.So our first mission was to break the momentum of the deepest and most vicious recession since the Great Depression.We had to stop the freefall and get the economy and jobs growing again.And digging out of this mess required us taking some tough decisions, and sometimes those decisions were not popular.And Harry knew they weren’t popular.I knew they weren’t popular.But they were the right thing to do.And Harry was willing to lead those fights because he knew that we had to change course;that to do nothing, to simply continue with the policies that had gotten us into this mess in the first place would mean further disaster.And to fail to act on some of the great challenges facing the country that we had been putting off for decades would mean a lesser future for our children and our grandchildren.Now, as a result of those tough steps that we took, we’re in a different place today than we were a year ago.An economy that was shrinking is now growing.We’ve gained private sector jobs for each of the past six months instead of losing them--almost 600,000 new jobs.But as Harry pointed out, that’s not enough.I don’t have to tell you that.The unemployment rate is still unacceptably high, particularly in some states like Nevada.And a lot of you have felt that pain personally or you’ve got somebody in your family who’s felt the pain.Maybe you found yourself underwater on your mortgage and faced the terrible prospect of losing your home.Maybe you’re out of work and worried about how you’re going to provide for your family.Or maybe you’re a student at UNLV and you’re wondering if you’re going to be able to find a job when you graduate, or if you’re going to be able to pay off your student loans, or if you’re going to be able to start your career off on the right foot.Now, the simple truth is it took years to dig this hole;it’s going to take more time than any of us would like to climb out of it.But the question is, number one, are we on the right track? And the answer is, yes.And number two, how do we accelerate the process? How do we get the recovery to pick up more steam? How do we fill this hole faster?

There’s a big debate in Washington right now about the role that government should play in all this.As I said in the campaign--and as I’ve repeated many times as President--the greatest generator of jobs in America is our private sector.It’s not government.It’s our entrepreneurs and innovators who are willing to take a chance on a good idea.It’s our businesses, large and small, who are making payroll and working with suppliers and distributing goods and services across the country and now across the world.The private sector, not government, is, was, and always will be the source of America’s economic success.That’s our strength, the dynamism of our economy.And that’s why one of the first things Harry Reid did, one of the first things we did, was cut dozens of taxes--not raise them, cut them--for middle class and small business people.And we extended loan programs to put capital in the hands of startups.And we worked to reduce the cost of health care for small businesses.And right now, Harry is fighting to pass additional tax breaks and loan authority to help small businesses grow and hire all across the country.But he has also tried to look out specifically for Nevada.He understands, for example, that tourism is so enormous an aspect of our economy, and so helped to move our trade promotion act that is going to be helping to do exactly what it says--promote tourism--and bring folks here to enjoy the incredible hospitality.The point is, our role in government, especially in difficult times like these, is to break down barriers that are standing in the way of innovation;to unleash the ingenuity that springs from our people;to give an impetus to businesses to grow and expand.That’s not some abstract theory.We’ve seen the results.We’ve seen what we can do to catalyze job growth in the private sector.And one of the places we’ve seen it most is in the clean energy sector--an industry that will not only produce jobs of the future but help free America from our dependence on foreign oil in the process, clean up our environment in the process, improve our national security in the process.So let me give you an example.Just yesterday, I took a tour of Smith Electric Vehicles in Kansas City, Missouri, on the way here.This is a company that just hired its 50th worker, it’s on the way to hiring 50 more, and is aiming to produce 500 electric vehicles at that plant alone.(Applause.)And these are spiffy-looking trucks.I mean, they are--and they’re used by Fortune 500 companies for distribution--PepsiCo, Frito-Lay.They’re also used for the United States military –-electric trucks with a lot of--they’re very strong, great horsepower.And the reason for their success is their entrepreneurial drive.But it’s also partly because of a grant that we’re offering companies that manufacture electric vehicles and the batteries that power them.Because of these grants, we’re going to be going from only having 2 percent of the global capacity to make advanced batteries that go in trucks and cars, run on electricity--we’re going to go from 2 percent of advanced battery market share to 40 percent just in the next five years--just in the next five years.(Applause.)And that will create thousands of jobs across the country--thousands of jobs across the country, not just this year, not just next year, but for decades to come.So it’s a powerful example of how we can generate jobs and promote robust economic growth here in Nevada and all across the country by incentivizing private sector investments.That’s what we’re working to do with the clean energy manufacturing tax credits that we enacted last year, thanks to Harry’s leadership.Thanks to Harry’s leadership.(Applause.)Some people know these tax credits by the name 48c, which refers to their section in the tax code.But here’s how these credits work.We said to clean energy companies, if you’re willing to put up 70 percent of the capital for a worthy project, a clean energy project, we’ll put up the remaining 30 percent.To put it another way, for every dollar we invest, we leverage two more private sector dollars.We’re betting on the ingenuity and talent of American businesses.(Applause.)

Now, these manufacturing tax credits are already having an extraordinary impact.A solar panel company--a solar power company called Amonix received a roughly $6 million tax credit for a new facility they’re building in the Las Vegas area-– a tax credit they were able to match with roughly $12 million in private capital.That's happening right now.And that’s just one of over--(applause)--that's just one of over 180 projects that received manufacturing tax credits in over 40 states.Now, here’s the--the only problem we have is these credits were working so well, there aren’t enough tax credits to go around.There are more worthy projects than there are tax credits.When we announced the program last year, it was such a success we received 500 applications requesting over $8 billion in tax credits, but we only had $2.3 billion to invest.In other words, we had almost four times as many worthy requests as we had tax credits.Now, my attitude, and Harry’s attitude, is that if an American company wants to create jobs and grow, we should be there to help them do it.So that’s why I’m urging Congress to invest $5 billion more in these kinds of clean energy manufacturing tax credits, more than doubling the amount that we made available last year.(Applause.)And this investment would generate nearly 40,000 jobs and $12 billion or more in private sector investment, which could trigger an additional 90,000 jobs.Now, I’m gratified that this initiative is drawing support from members of Congress from both sides of the aisle, including Republican Senators Richard Lugar and Orrin Hatch.Unfortunately, that kind of bipartisanship has been absent on a lot of efforts that Harry and I have taken up over the past year and a half.We fought to keep Nevada teachers and firefighters and police officers on the job, and to extend unemployment insurance and COBRA so folks have health insurance while they’re looking for work.We fought to stop health insurance companies from dropping your coverage on the basis of preexisting conditions, or right when you get sick, or placing lifetime limits on the amount of care that you can receive.We fought to eliminate wasteful subsidies that go to banks that were acting as unnecessary middlemen for guaranteed student loans from the federal government, and as a consequence, freed up tens of billions of dollars that are now going directly to students, which means more than a million students have access to financial aid that they didn't have before.(Applause.)And we’re now on the cusp of enacting Wall Street reforms that will empower consumers with clear and concise information that they need to make financial decisions that are best for them--(applause)--and to help prevent another crisis like this from ever happening again, and putting an end to some of the predatory lending and the subprime loans that had all kinds of fine print and hidden fees that have been such a burden for the economy of a state like Nevada and haven’t been fair to individual consumers in the process.So that’s what Harry and I fought for.And, frankly, at every turn we’ve met opposition and obstruction from a lot of leaders across the aisle.And that’s why I’m glad I’ve got a boxer in the Senate who is not afraid to fight for what he believes in.(Applause.)And Harry and I are going to keep on fighting until wages and incomes are rising, and businesses are hiring again right here in Nevada, and Americans are headed back to work again, and we’ve recovered from this recession, and we’re actually rebuilding this economy stronger than before.(Applause.)That’s what we’re committed to doing.(Applause.)

So, Nevada, I know we’ve been through tough times.And not all the difficult days are behind us.There are going to be some tough times to come.But I can promise you this: We are headed in the right direction.We are moving forward.We are not going to move backwards.(Applause.)

And I’m absolutely confident that if we keep on moving forward, if we refuse to turn backwards, if we’re willing to show the same kind of fighting spirit as Harry Reid has shown throughout his career, then out of this storm brighter days are going to come.Thank you very much, everybody.God bless you.(Applause.)

第三篇：奥巴马 巴纳德学院毕业典礼演讲

巴纳德学院

Thank you so much.(Applause.)Thank you.Please, please have a seat.Thank you.(Applause.)Thank you, President Spar, trustees, President Bollinger.Hello, Class of 2012.(Applause.)Congratulations on reaching this day.Thank you for the honor of being able to be a part of it.非常感谢,谢谢大家,请入座,谢谢。谢谢你们，斯巴院长（中文名石德葆）、各位校董、伯林格校长。你们好，2012届毕业生！（掌声）祝贺你们迎来了这一天。感谢你们让我有幸来参加这个活动。

There are so many people who are proud of you--your parents, family, faculty and friends--all who share in this achievement.So please give them a big round of applause.(Applause.)To all the moms who are here today, you could not ask for a better Mother’s Day gift than to see all of these folks graduate.(Applause.)有很多人为你们感到骄傲——你们的父母、家人、师长和朋友——都为取得这一成就出了力。请为他们热烈鼓掌。（掌声）今天在座的各位母亲，再没有比看到所有孩子们毕业更好的母亲节礼物了。（掌声）

I have to say, though, whenever I come to these things, I start thinking about Malia and Sasha graduating, and I start tearing up and--(laughter)--it's terrible.I don't know how you guys are holding it together.(Laughter.)但是我得说，每当我来到这种场合，就会想到玛莉娅和萨夏将来毕业的情景，我就会热泪盈眶——（笑声）——真恐怖，我难以想象你们怎么都能够把持得住。（笑声）

I will begin by telling a hard truth: I’m a Columbia college graduate.(Laughter and applause.)I know there can be a little bit of a sibling rivalry here.(Laughter.)But I’m honored nevertheless to be your commencement speaker today--although I’ve got to say, you set a pretty high bar given the past three years.(Applause.)Hillary Clinton--(applause)--Meryl Streep--(applause)--Sheryl Sandberg--these are not easy acts to follow.(Applause.)我一开始就要说明一个确凿的事实：我是一名哥伦比亚大学的毕业生。（笑声和掌声）我知道可能会有一点同门弟子相争的劲儿。（笑声）但我还是为能够在你们今天的毕业典礼上讲话而感到荣幸——不过我得说，你们在过去三年树立了相当高的标准。（掌声）希拉里·克林顿——（掌声）——梅丽尔·斯特里普——（掌声）——谢里尔·桑德伯格——在她们之后出场可不容易。（掌声）

But I will point out Hillary is doing an extraordinary job as one of the finest Secretaries of State America has ever had.(Applause.)We gave Meryl the Presidential Medal of Arts and Humanities.(Applause.)Sheryl is not just a good friend;she’s also one of our economic advisers.So it’s like the old saying goes--keep your friends close, and your Barnard commencement speakers even closer.(Applause.)There's wisdom in that.(Laughter.)但我要指出，希拉里的工作极为出色，她是美国有史以来最杰出的国务卿之一。（掌声）我们已授予梅丽尔艺术与人文总统奖章。（掌声）谢里尔不仅是一位好朋友，还是我们的经济顾问之一。正如那句老话——亲近你的朋友，但更要亲近在你们巴纳德学院毕业典礼上讲话的人。（掌声）这话寓意深长。（笑声）

Now, the year I graduated--this area looks familiar(laughter)--the year I graduated was 1983, the first year women were admitted to Columbia.(Applause.)Sally Ride was the first American woman in space.Music was all about Michael and the Moonwalk.(Laughter.)话说我毕业那年——这地方看着眼熟（笑声）——我毕业于1983年，哥伦比亚大学录取女生的第一年。（掌声）当时萨莉·莱德成为第一位进入太空的美国女性。那时的音乐全是迈克尔和太空步（笑声）

[AUDIENCE MEMBER: Do it!(Laughter.)] 【画外音：一名听众说“走一个！”（笑声）】

No Moonwalking.(Laughter.)No Moonwalking today.(Laughter.)不走太空步。（笑声）今天不走太空步。（笑声）

巴纳德学院

impatient even, to step into the rushing waters of history and change its course.我今天的任务就是要告诉你们，不要相信这些说法。因为尽管困难很大，但我坚信你们的能力更大。我看到过你们的激情，我看到过你们的奉献。我看到过你们的投入，我看到过你们挺身而出，人数空前。我听到了你们的声音，创意和对数码技术的精通使得这种声音格外响亮，而我们这些年长的人几乎不得其解。我看到心情迫切、跃跃欲试的一代人准备跻身历史激流中，扭转其方向。

And that defiant, can-do spirit is what runs through the veins of American history.It’s the lifeblood of all our progress.And it is that spirit which we need your generation to embrace and rekindle right now.这种蔑视困难、积极进取的精神贯穿于整个美国历史的进程。这种精神是我们一切进步的源泉。此时此刻，我们需要你们这一代继承和发扬光大的正是这种精神。

See, the question is not whether things will get better--they always do.The question is not whether we’ve got the solutions to our challenges--we’ve had them within our grasp for quite some time.We know, for example, that this country would be better off if more Americans were able to get the kind of education that you’ve received here at Barnard--(applause)--if more people could get the specific skills and training that employers are looking for today.可以看出，问题并不在于事情是否会好转——情况总会变好的。问题也不在于我们是否已经有了应对我们面临的挑战的办法——我们一直掌握着这些办法，已有相当一段时间了。比如说，我们知道，如果有更多的美国人能得到你们在巴纳德得到的这样的教育（掌声）——如果有更多的人能够获得今天的雇主所需要的那些特定的技能和训练，美国的情况会更好。

We know that we’d all be better off if we invest in science and technology that sparks new businesses and medical breakthroughs;if we developed more clean energy so we could use less foreign oil and reduce the carbon pollution that’s threatening our planet.(Applause.)

我们知道，如果我们投资于能够造就新的企业并带动医学突破的科学与技术，如果我们开发出更多的清洁能源以减少使用外国石油并减少对我们的地球构成威胁的碳污染，我们的日子会过得更好。（掌声）

We know that we’re better off when there are rules that stop big banks from making bad bets with other people’s money and--(applause)--when insurance companies aren’t allowed to drop your coverage when you need it most or charge women differently from men.(Applause.)Indeed, we know we are better off when women are treated fairly and equally in every aspect of American life--whether it’s the salary you earn or the health decisions you make.(Applause.)

我们知道，如果有一定的规则制止大银行拿别人的钱去恶赌（掌声）——如果不允许保险公司在你最需要的时候取消你的保险资格或者对男女收费标准不一，我们的日子会过得更好。（掌声）确实，我们都知道，如果妇女在国家生活的方方面面都能得到公平与平等的对待——无论是你的薪金所得还是你所作的健康决定，我们的日子会过得更好。（掌声）

We know these things to be true.We know that our challenges are eminently solvable.The question is whether together, we can muster the will--in our own lives, in our common institutions, in our politics--to bring about the changes we need.And I’m convinced your generation possesses that will.And I believe that the women of this generation--that all of you will help lead the way.(Applause.)我们知道这些都是实实在在的道理。我们知道，我们面临的挑战显然都是可以解决的。问题是，我们是否能够拧成一股绳，拿出意志力——在我们自己的生活中，在我们共同的体制中，在我们的政治事务中——实现我们所需的变革。我坚信，你们这一代具有这种意志力。我相信，这一代女性——你们所有的人将会在这条道路上走在前面。

Now, I recognize that’s a cheap applause line when you're giving a commencement at Barnard.(Laughter.)It’s the easy thing to say.But it’s true.It is--in part, it is simple math.Today, women

巴纳德学院

Our founders understood that America does not stand still;we are dynamic, not static.We look forward, not back.And now that new doors have been opened for you, you’ve got an obligation to seize those opportunities.我们的开国元勋认识到，美国并非一成不变；我们充满活力，不会停滞不前。我们向前看，不回头。既然新的大门已为你们敞开，你们就有义务把握这些机会。

You need to do this not just for yourself but for those who don’t yet enjoy the choices that you’ve had, the choices you will have.And one reason many workplaces still have outdated policies is because women only account for 3 percent of the CEOs at Fortune 500 companies.One reason we’re actually refighting long-settled battles over women’s rights is because women occupy fewer than one in five seats in Congress.你们需要这么做，不仅为了你们自己，也是为了那些没有得到你们已经有过以及还将拥有的种种选择的人。许多工作场所仍在实行过时的政策，原因之一就是妇女只占财富500强公司首席行政官的3%。我们仍在为争取妇女权利而再次进行早已完成的抗争，原因之一就是妇女在国会所占的席位还不到五分之一。

Now, I’m not saying that the only way to achieve success is by climbing to the top of the corporate ladder or running for office--although, let’s face it, Congress would get a lot more done if you did.(Laughter and applause.)That I think we’re sure about.But if you decide not to sit yourself at the table, at the very least you’ve got to make sure you have a say in who does.It matters.我不是说取得成功的唯一途径是晋升到公司的最高层，或是竞选公职，不过，请让我们面对这个事实：如果你们竞选公职，国会将能大有作为。（笑声和掌声）我想大家对此是深信无疑的。但如果你们决定不亲身参政，至少也应该确保自己有权选择议员。这很重要。

Before women like Barbara Mikulski and Olympia Snowe and others got to Congress, just to take one example, much of federally-funded research on diseases focused solely on their effects on men.It wasn’t until women like Patsy Mink and Edith Green got to Congress and passed Title IX, 40 years ago this year, that we declared women, too, should be allowed to compete and win on America’s playing fields.(Applause.)Until a woman named Lilly Ledbetter showed up at her office and had the courage to step up and say, you know what, this isn’t right, women weren’t being treated fairly--we lacked some of the tools we needed to uphold the basic principle of equal pay for equal work.例如，在像芭芭拉·米库尔斯基和奥林匹娅·斯诺及其他女性进入国会前，联邦资助的大部分疾病研究主要侧重于疾病对男性的影响。40年前的今天，帕齐·明克和伊迪丝·格林等女性进入国会并通过[教育法修正案]《第九条》，从而宣布女性也有资格在美国的运动场上参与竞赛并取胜。（掌声）一个名叫莉莉·莱德贝特的女性来到她的办公室，勇敢地而明确地说：你们知道吗，这不对，女性没有得到公正待遇——我们缺乏一些必要的手段捍卫同工同酬的基本原则。

So don’t accept somebody else’s construction of the way things ought to be.It’s up to you to right wrongs.It’s up to you to point out injustice.It’s up to you to hold the system accountable and sometimes upend it entirely.It’s up to you to stand up and to be heard, to write and to lobby, to march, to organize, to vote.Don’t be content to just sit back and watch.所以不要接受别人对于事情理当如何的看法。你应当來纠正错误做法。你应当來指出不公不义。你应当来督促社会体制负起责任，有时需要全盘改变。你应当挺身而出，发表意见，撰文游说，游行示威，组织民众，投票表决。不要满足于袖手旁观。

Those who oppose change, those who benefit from an unjust status quo, have always bet on the public’s cynicism or the public's complacency.Throughout American history, though, they have lost that bet, and I believe they will this time as well.(Applause.)But ultimately, Class of 2012, that will depend on you.Don’t wait for the person next to you to be the first to speak up for what’s right.巴纳德学院

她，不要在意我们的流行文化对于美丽和时尚的迷恋－－（掌声）－－而是专注学习，发明创新，与人竞争，发挥领导作用，她就会一直在意那些事情。好，米歇尔会说，在意一点又何妨。（笑声）你可以既时髦又有力量。（掌声）那是米歇尔的建议。（掌声）

And never forget that the most important example a young girl will ever follow is that of a parent.Malia and Sasha are going to be outstanding women because Michelle and Marian Robinson are outstanding women.So understand your power, and use it wisely.千万不要忘记一个女孩仿效的最重要榜样就是她的父母。玛莉娅和莎夏将会成为杰出的女性，因为米歇尔和玛丽安·鲁宾逊都是杰出的女性。所以，要认识到你们的力量，并且明智地加以运用。

My last piece of advice--this is simple, but perhaps most important: Persevere.Persevere.Nothing worthwhile is easy.No one of achievement has avoided failure--sometimes catastrophic failures.But they keep at it.They learn from mistakes.They don’t quit.我的最后一点建议－－这很简单，但可能是最重要的一点：坚持不懈。坚持不懈。有价值的事物得之不易。没有一个有成就的人能够避免失败－－有时甚至是一败涂地。可是他们坚持不懈，从错误中学习。他们绝不放弃。

You know, when I first arrived on this campus, it was with little money, fewer options.But it was here that I tried to find my place in this world.I knew I wanted to make a difference, but it was vague how in fact I’d go about it.(Laughter.)But I wanted to do my part to do my part to shape a better world.你知道，我刚到这校园时，没多少钱更没多少选择。但正是在这里，我试图寻找我在这个世界上的立足之地。我知道我想有所作为，但却不清楚如何去做。(笑声）可我想尽自己力量去建设一个更好的世界。

So even as I worked after graduation in a few unfulfilling jobs here in New York--I will not list them all--(laughter)--even as I went from motley apartment to motley apartment, I reached out.I started to write letters to community organizations all across the country.And one day, a small group of churches on the South Side of Chicago answered, offering me work with people in neighborhoods hit hard by steel mills that were shutting down and communities where jobs were dying away.因此，即使当我毕业后在纽约从事几份没有成就感的工作的时候——我不会一 一列举——（笑声）——即使在我搬出一间杂乱的公寓又搬到另一间同样杂乱的公寓的时候，我也在努力求索。我开始给全国各地的社区组织写信。有一天，芝加哥南区的一个小型教会组织回了信，给了我一份为当地居民服务的工作，他们那里的钢厂停业使他们受到沉重打击，那里的就业机会也一天天消失。

The community had been plagued by gang violence, so once I arrived, one of the first things we tried to do was to mobilize a meeting with community leaders to deal with gangs.And I’d worked for weeks on this project.We invited the police;we made phone calls;we went to churches;we passed out flyers.The night of the meeting we arranged rows and rows of chairs in anticipation of this crowd.And we waited, and we waited.And finally, a group of older folks walked in to the hall and they sat down.And this little old lady raised her hand and asked, “Is this where the bingo game is?”(Laughter.)It was a disaster.Nobody showed up.My first big community meeting--nobody showed up.当地社区一直被帮派暴力所扰，所以我一到那里，我们争取做的第一件事情就是与社区领袖开会商量应对帮派的对策。我为这项工作忙了好几个星期。我们邀请了警察；我们打了电话，我们去了教堂；我们散发了传单。要开会的那天晚上，我们排好了一排排椅子，以为会有一大群人到会。我们等啊等。最后，一??群老人走进大厅，然后坐下来。有一位瘦小的老太太举起了手，问道：“宾果游戏是在这里吗？”(笑声)真是糟糕透了。没有人来。我的第一个社区大会——没有人到场。

And later, the volunteers I worked with told me, that's it;we’re quitting.They'd been doing this for

巴纳德学院

She only had a high school education.She got a job at a local bank.She hit the glass ceiling, and watched men she once trained promoted up the ladder ahead of her.But she didn’t quit.Rather than grow hard or angry each time she got passed over, she kept doing her job as best as she knew how, and ultimately ended up being vice president at the bank.She didn’t quit.她仅受过高中教育。她在当地银行找到一份工作，她遇到了事业上的玻璃天花板，眼看着她曾经培训过的男人晋升到比她更高的级别。但她没有退却。她没有因一次次机会旁落而变得冷漠或愤怒，而是继续尽自己最大努力做好工作，最终她成为银行的副总裁。她没有退却。

And later on, I met a woman who was assigned to advise me on my first summer job at a law firm.And she gave me such good advice that I married her.(Laughter.)And Michelle and I gave everything we had to balance our careers and a young family.But let’s face it, no matter how enlightened I must have thought myself to be, it often fell more on her shoulders when I was traveling, when I was away.I know that when she was with our girls, she’d feel guilty that she wasn’t giving enough time to her work, and when she was at her work, she’d feel guilty she wasn’t giving enough time to our girls.And both of us wished we had some superpower that would let us be in two places at once.But we persisted.We made that marriage work.后来，我遇到一位女性，她被派来担任我在一家律师事务所从事的第一份暑期工作的指导。她对我的指导如此之好，以致于我娶了她。（笑声）米歇尔和我竭尽全力在发展事业与照顾幼小的孩子之间找到平衡。但是说实话，不管我当时可能认为自己是多么开通，在我外出旅行时，在我不在家时，家事往往更多地落在她的肩上。我知道，在照顾我们的两个女儿时，她为没有在工作上付出足够时间感到内疚；而当她上班时，又为没有给孩子足够的时间感到内疚。我们俩都唯愿我们有某种超人的能力，使我们能够两者兼顾。但我们坚持住了，我们的努力保证了婚姻的成功。

And the reason Michelle had the strength to juggle everything, and put up with me and eventually the public spotlight, was because she, too, came from a family of folks who didn’t quit--because she saw her dad get up and go to work every day even though he never finished college, even though he had crippling MS.She saw her mother, even though she never finished college, in that school, that urban school, every day making sure Michelle and her brother were getting the education they deserved.Michelle saw how her parents never quit.They never indulged in self-pity, no matter how stacked the odds were against them.They didn't quit.米歇尔之所以能坚强地招架一切并忍受我，而且最终忍受公众聚光，是因为她同样来自一个不轻易退却的家庭——因为她看到她的父亲每天一大早起来去上班，尽管他从未念完大学，尽管他患有影响行动的多发性硬化症。她看到，尽管她的母亲从未念完大学，但在那个学校，那个贫民区的学校，她每天都确保米歇尔和她哥哥受到他们应该得到的教育。米歇尔看到她的父母从不放弃。他们从不沉溺于自怜，不管他们面临多么不利的境况。他们从不放弃。

Those are the folks who inspire me.People ask me sometimes, who inspires you, Mr.President? Those quiet heroes all across this country--some of your parents and grandparents who are sitting here--no fanfare, no articles written about them, they just persevere.They just do their jobs.They meet their responsibilities.They don't quit.I'm only here because of them.They may not have set out to change the world, but in small, important ways, they did.They certainly changed mine.正是这些人激励着我。人们有时问我，总统先生，是谁激励着你？是这个国家各地那些默默耕耘的英雄——今天在座的你们一些人的父母和祖父母——他们不张扬，没有文章报道他们，他们只是坚持不懈。他们只是做好本职工作。他们履行自己的责任。他们不放弃。正是因为有他们我才站到这里。他们或许并没有从一开始就要改变世界，但他们以一点一滴的重要方式，改变了世界。他们无疑改变了我的世界。

So whether it’s starting a business, or running for office, or raising an amazing family, remember that making your mark on the world is hard.It takes patience.It takes commitment.It comes with plenty of setbacks and it comes with plenty of failures.

第四篇：奥巴马俄罗斯毕业典礼演讲

奥巴马俄罗斯毕业典礼演讲（中英对照）

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[3] 奥巴马俄罗斯毕业典礼演讲（中英对照）

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[6] 奥巴马俄罗斯毕业典礼演讲（中英对照）

First, America has an interest in reversing the spread of nuclear weapons and preventing their use.首先，逆转核武器扩散的趋势，防止核武器的使用，是美国的利益所在。In the last century, generations of Americans and Russians inherited the power to destroy nations, and the understanding that using that power would bring about our own destruction.In 2009, our inheritance is different.You and I don't have to ask whether American and Russian leaders will respect a balance of terror--we understand the horrific consequences of any war between our two countries.But we do have to ask this question: We have to ask whether extremists who have killed innocent civilians in New York and in Moscow will show that same restraint.We have to ask whether 10 or 20 or 50 nuclear-armed nations will protect their arsenals and refrain from using them.上一个世纪，美国和俄罗斯的几代人继承了可以毁灭其他国家的力量，同时也认识到使用这种力量也会造成自身的毁灭。2009年，我们传承的是完全不同的事物。你和我都不必提出这样的问题：美国和俄罗斯领导人是否将奉行恐怖的均势──我们了解，我们两国之间发生任何战争，都将产生悲惨的结局。但我们确实有必要问这样一个问题：我们有必要问一问，在纽约和莫斯科杀害无辜平民的极端主义分子会不会表现同样的克制。我们有必要问一问，10个、20个，或者50个有核武装的国家是否会保障本国核武库的安全并避免使用核武器。

This is the core of the nuclear challenge in the 21st century.The notion that prestige comes from holding these weapons, or that we can protect ourselves by picking and choosing which nations can have these weapons, is an illusion.In the short period since the end of the Cold War, we've already seen India, Pakistan, and North Korea conduct nuclear tests.Without a fundamental change, do any of us truly believe that the next two decades will not bring about the further spread of these nuclear weapons? 这就是21世纪核挑战的核心问题。认为拥有这些核武器就能提高自己的地位，或认为一旦确认和鉴别哪些国家可以拥有这些核武器，我们就能保护自己，都?不切实际的幻想。在冷战结束后的短时期内，我们已经看到印度、巴基斯坦和北韩进行了核试验。如果不发生根本性的变化，我们中间有谁真正相信今后20年不会出现核武器的进一步扩散？

60个单词拿下办公室英语 奥巴马就职演讲稿（中英文对照）奥巴马在林肯纪念堂的演讲（双语）奥巴马在上海发表演讲（中英对照）奥巴马参加圣母院大学毕业典礼并发表演讲 世界十大著名毕业典礼演讲

奥巴马复活节演讲（视频下载+文本）英语小测：一见钟情怎么说？

That's why America is committed to stopping nuclear proliferation, and ultimately seeking a world without nuclear weapons.That is consistent with our commitment under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.That is our responsibility as the world's two leading nuclear powers.And while I know this goal won't be met soon, pursuing it provides the legal and moral foundation to prevent the proliferation and eventual use of nuclear weapons.正是出于这个原因，美国坚决要求制止核扩散，最终争取实现全世界不存在核武器的目标。这与我们在《不扩散核武器条约》(Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty)中作出的承诺相一致。这是我们作为全世界两个核大国需要承担的责任。尽管我知道这个目标不可能很快实现，但争取实现这个目标可以为防止核武器扩散并避免其实际使用提供法律和道义的基础。

We're already taking important steps to build this foundation.Yesterday, President Medvedev and I made progress on negotiating a new treaty that will substantially reduce our warheads and delivery systems.We renewed our commitment to clean, safe and peaceful nuclear energy, which must be a right for all nations that live up to their responsibilities under the NPT.And we agreed to increase cooperation on nuclear security, which is essential to achieving the goal of securing all vulnerable nuclear material within four years.我们已经为奠定这个基础迈出了重大步伐。昨天，梅德韦杰夫总统和我为两国谈判达成一项新的条约取得了进展。这个条约将大大减少我们的弹头和运载系统的数量。我们重申我们致力于核能源的洁净、安全与和平使用，所有根据《不扩散核武器条约》履行其职责的国家都有权获得这样的核能。我们同意加强在核安全问题上的合作，这对于达到在四年内保障所有危险核材料的安全的目标至关重要。

As we keep our own commitments, we must hold other nations accountable for theirs.Whether America or Russia, neither of us would benefit from a nuclear arms race in East Asia or the Middle East.That's why we should be united in opposing North Korea's efforts to become a nuclear power, and opposing Iran's efforts to acquire a nuclear weapon.And I'm pleased that President Medvedev and I agreed upon a joint threat assessment of the ballistic challenges--ballistic missile challenges of the 21st century, including from Iran and North Korea.在我们履行自己的承诺之时，我们还必须使其他国家为他们做出的承诺负责。不论美国还是俄罗斯，我们两国都不可能从东亚和中东的核武器竞赛中获益。正是由于这个原因，我们应该共同反对北韩成为核国家，共同反对伊朗获得核武器。我感到高兴的是，梅德韦杰夫总统和我同意对弹道导弹问题──21世纪弹道导弹构成的挑战，包括来自伊朗和北韩的威胁──联合进行威胁评估。

This is not about singling out individual nations--it's about the responsibilities of all nations.If we fail to stand together, then the NPT and the Security Council will lose credibility, and international law will give way to the law of the jungle.And that benefits no one.As I said in Prague, rules must be binding, violations must be punished, and words must mean something.此事并非针对个别国家，而是涉及到所有国家的责任。如果我们不能采取共同立场，那么《不扩散核武器条约》和联合国安理会的信誉就会丧失殆尽，国际法就会被弱肉强食的法则取代。这对任何人都没有好处。我曾在布拉格(Prague)表示，规则必须有约束力，违者必罚，言必有信。

The successful enforcement of these rules will remove causes of disagreement.I know Russia opposes the planned configuration for missile defense in Europe.And my administration is reviewing these plans to enhance the security of America, Europe and the world.And I've made it clear that this system is directed at preventing a potential attack from Iran.It has nothing to do with Russia.In fact, I want to work together with Russia on a missile defense architecture that makes us all safer.But if the threat from Iran's nuclear and ballistic missile program is eliminated, the driving force for missile defense in Europe will be eliminated, and that is in our mutual interests.成功地执行这些规则有助于消除产生分歧的根源。我知道俄罗斯反对在欧洲部署导弹防御系统的计划。为了加强美国、欧洲和全世界的安全，本届政府正在审议有关计划。我已明确表示，这个系统的目的在于防止可能来自伊朗的袭击，与俄罗斯无关。事实上，我希望与俄罗斯在导弹防御框架的问题上相互合作，从而加强我们大家的安全。但一旦排除了来自伊朗核计划和弹道导弹计划的威胁，在欧洲部署导弹防御系统的驱动力将不再存在。这符合我们的共同利益。Now, in addition to securing the world's most dangerous weapons, a second area where America has a critical national interest is in isolating and defeating violent extremists.除了限制全世界最危险的武器之外，美国具有重大国家利益的第二个问题是孤立并战胜暴力极端主义分子。

For years, al Qaeda and its affiliates have defiled a great religion of peace and justice, and ruthlessly murdered men, women and children of all nationalities and faiths.Indeed, above all, they have murdered Muslims.And these extremists have killed in Amman and Bali;Islamabad and Kabul;and they have the blood of Americans and Russians on their hands.They're plotting to kill more of our people, and they benefit from safe havens that allow them to train and operate--particularly along the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan.多年来，“基地”组织及其附庸亵渎了一个代表和平与正义的伟大宗教，残酷无情地杀害各种国籍和各种信仰的男子、妇女和儿童。尤其值得注意的是，他们甚至也杀害穆斯林。这些极端主义分子在安曼和巴厘岛杀人；在伊斯兰堡和喀布尔杀人；他们的手上也沾满美国人和俄罗斯人的血。他们正在密谋杀害我们更多的人民，他们得到一些安全庇护所，在那里进行训练和活动──特别是在巴基斯坦和阿富汗边境地区。

And that's why America has a clear goal: to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat al Qaeda and its allies in Afghanistan and Pakistan.We seek no bases, nor do we want to control these nations.Instead, we want to work with international partners, including Russia, to help Afghans and Pakistanis advance their own security and prosperity.And that's why I'm pleased that Russia has agreed to allow the United States to supply our coalition forces through your territory.Neither America nor Russia has an interest in an Afghanistan or Pakistan governed by the Taliban.It's time to work together on behalf of a different future--a future in which we leave behind the great game of the past and the conflict of the present;a future in which all of us contribute to the security of Central Asia.正是因为如此，美国有一个明确的目标：瓦解、捣毁和击败“基地”组织及其在阿富汗和巴基斯坦的同夥。我们不谋求建立基地，也不希望控制这些国家。相反，我们希望与国际夥伴相互合作，其中包括俄罗斯，帮助阿富汗和巴基斯坦促进其安全与繁荣。正是因为这个原因，我对俄罗斯允许美国经贵国领土为我们的盟军运送物资感到高兴。无论美国还是俄罗斯，均不希望看到塔利班统治阿富汗或巴基斯坦。现在，我们应该为实现另一种前途携手努力 ── 我们不再进行以往的大规模竞赛，同时努力解决当前的冲突，让我们都为中亚的安全做贡献。

第五篇：奥巴马上海演讲英文稿+译文

奥巴马上海演讲英文稿+译文

President Obama at Town Hall Meeting in Shanghai Obama answers questions from Fudan University students and the Internet THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary November 16, 2009

REMARKS BY PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA AT TOWN HALL MEETING WITH FUTURE CHINESE LEADERS Museum of Science and Technology Shanghai, China 1:18 P.M.CST

PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)

What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.However, America's ties to this city--and to this country--stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence.In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse--the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The] people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different.”

Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a

struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)

So--I just want to make sure this works.This is a tradition, by the way, that is very common in the United States at these town hall meetings.And what we're going to do is I will just--if you are interested in asking a question, you can raise your hands.I will call on you.And then I will alternate between a question from the audience and an Internet question from

one of the students who prepared the questions, as well as I think Ambassador Huntsman may have a question that we were able to obtain from the Web site of our embassy.So let me begin, though, by seeing--and then what I'll do is I'll call on a boy and then a girl and then--so we'll go back and forth, so that you know it's fair.All right? So I'll start with this young lady right in the front.Why don't we wait for this microphone so everyone can hear you.And what's your name?

Q: My name is(inaudible)and I am a student from Fudan University.Shanghai and Chicago have been sister cities since 1985, and these two cities have conduct a wide range of economic, political, and cultural exchanges.So what measures will you take to deepen this close relationship between cities of the United States and China? And Shanghai will hold the World Exposition next year.Will you bring your family to visit the Expo? Thank you.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, thank you very much for the question.I was just having lunch before I came here with the Mayor of Shanghai, and he told me that he has had an excellent relationship with the city of Chicago--my home town--that he's visited there twice.And I think it's wonderful to have these exchanges between cities.One of the things that I discussed with the Mayor is how both cities can learn from each other on strategies around clean energy, because one of the issues that ties China and America together is how, with an expanding population and a concern for climate change, that we're able to reduce our carbon footprint.And obviously in the United States and many developed countries, per capita, per individual, they are already using much more energy than each individual here in China.But as China grows and expands, it's going to be using more energy as well.So both countries have a great interest in finding new strategies.We talked about mass transit and the excellent rail lines that are being developed in Shanghai.I think we can learn in Chicago and the United States some of the fine work that's being done on high-speed rail.In the United States, I think we are learning how to develop buildings that use much less energy, that are much more energy-efficient.And I know that with Shanghai, as I traveled and I saw all the cranes and all the new buildings that are going up, it's very important for us to start incorporating these new technologies so that each building is energy-efficient when it comes to lighting, when it comes to heating.And so it's a terrific opportunity I think for us to learn from each other.I know this is going to be a major focus of the Shanghai World Expo, is the issue of clean energy, as I learned from the Mayor.And so I would love to attend.I'm not sure yet what my schedule is going to be, but I'm very pleased that we're going to have an excellent U.S.pavilion at the Expo, and I understand that we expect as many as 70 million visitors here.So it's going to be very crowded and it's going to be very exciting.Chicago has had two world expos in its history, and both of those expos ended up being tremendous boosts for the city.So I'm sure the same thing will happen here in Shanghai.Thank you.(Applause.)

Why don't we get one of the questions from the Internet? And introduce yourself, in case--Q: First shall I say it in Chinese, and then the English, okay? PRESIDENT OBAMA: Yes.Q: I want to pose a question from the Internet.I want to thank you, Mr.President, for visiting China in your first year in office, and exchange views with us in China.I want to know what are you bringing to China, your visit to China this time, and what will you bring back to the United States?(Applause.)

PRESIDENT OBAMA: The main purpose of my trip is to deepen my understanding of China and its vision for the future.I have had several meetings now with President Hu.We participated together in the G20 that was dealing with the economic financial crisis.We have had consultations about a wide range of issues.But I think it's very important for the United States to continually deepen its understanding of China, just as it's important for China to continually deepen its understanding of the United States.In terms of what I'd like to get out of this meeting, or this visit, in addition to having the wonderful opportunity to see the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, and to meet with all of you--these are all highlights--but in addition to that, the

discussions that I intend to have with President Hu speak to the point that Ambassador Huntsman made earlier, which is there are very few global challenges that can be solved unless the United States and China agree.So let me give you a specific example, and that is the issue we were just discussing of climate change.The United States and China are the world's two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, of carbon that is causing the planet to warm.Now, the United States, as a highly developed country, as I said before, per capita, consumes much more energy and emits much more greenhouse gases for each individual than does China.On the other hand, China is growing at a much faster pace and it has a much larger population.So unless both of our countries are willing to take critical steps in dealing with this issue, we will not be able to resolve it.There's going to be a Copenhagen conference in December in which world leaders are trying to find a recipe so that we can all make commitments that are differentiated so each country would not have the same obligations--obviously China, which has much more poverty, should not have to do exactly the same thing as the United States--but all of us should have these certain obligations in terms of what our plan will be to reduce these greenhouse gases.So that's an example of what I hope to get out of this meeting--a meeting of the minds between myself and President Hu about how together the United States and China can show leadership.Because I will tell you, other countries around the world will be waiting for us.They will watch to see what we do.And if they say, ah, you know, the United States and China, they're not serious about this, then they won't be serious either.That is the burden of leadership that both of our countries now carry.And my hope is, is that the more discussion and dialogue that we have, the more we are able to show this leadership to the world on these many critical issues.Okay?(Applause.)

All right, it's a--I think it must be a boy's turn now.Right? So I'll call on this young man right here.Q:(As translated.)Mr.President, good afternoon.I'm from Tongji University.I want to cite a saying from Confucius: “It is always good to have a friend coming from afar.” In Confucius books, there is a great saying which says that harmony is good, but also we uphold differences.China advocates a harmonious world.We know that the United States develops a culture that features diversity.I want to know, what will your government do to build a diversified world with different cultures? What would you do to respect the different cultures and histories of other countries? And what kinds of cooperation we can conduct in the future?

PRESIDENT OBAMA: This is an excellent point.The United States, one of our strengths is that we are a very diverse culture.We have people coming from all around the world.And so there's no one definition of what an American looks like.In my own family, I have a father who was from Kenya;I have a mother who was from Kansas, in the Midwest of the United States;my sister is half-Indonesian;she's married to a Chinese person from Canada.So when you see family gatherings in the Obama household, it looks like the United Nations.(Laughter.)

And that is a great strength of the United States, because it means that we learn from different cultures and different foods and different ideas, and that has made us a much more dynamic society.Now, what is also true is that each country in this interconnected world has its own culture and its own history and its own traditions.And I think it's very important for the United States not to assume that what is good for us is automatically good for somebody else.And we have to have some modesty about our attitudes towards other countries.I have to say, though, as I said in my opening remarks, that we do believe that there are certain fundamental principles that are common to all people, regardless of culture.So, for example, in the United Nations we are very active in trying to make sure that children all around the world are treated with certain basic rights--that if children are being exploited, if there's forced labor for children, that despite the fact that that may have taken place in the past in many different countries, including the United States, that all countries of the world now should have developed to the point where we are treating children better than we did in the past.That's a universal value.I believe, for example, the same thing holds true when it comes to the treatment of women.I had a very interesting discussion with the Mayor of Shanghai during lunch right before I came, and he informed me that in many professions now here in China, there are actually more women enrolled in college than there are men, and that they are doing very well.I think that is an excellent indicator of progress, because it turns out that if you look at development around the world, one of the best indicators of whether or not a country does well is how well it educates its girls and how it treats

its women.And countries that are tapping into the talents and the energy of women and giving them educations typically do better economically than countries that don't.So, now, obviously difficult cultures may have different attitudes about the relationship between men and women, but I think it is the view of the United States that it is important for us to affirm the rights of women all around the world.And if we see certain societies in which women are oppressed, or they are not getting opportunities, or there is violence towards women, we will speak out.Now, there may be some people who disagree with us, and we can have a dialogue about that.But we think it's important, nevertheless, to be true to our ideals and our values.And we--and when we do so, though, we will always do so with the humility and understanding that we are not perfect and that we still have much progress to make.If you talk to women in America, they will tell you that there are still men who have a lot of old-fashioned ideas about the role of women in society.And so we don't claim that we have solved all these problems, but we do think that it's important for us to speak out on behalf of these universal ideals and these universal values.Okay? All right.We're going to take a question from the Internet.Q: Hello, Mr.President.It's a great honor to be here and meet you in person.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.Q: I will be reading a question selected on the Internet to you, and this question is from somebody from Taiwan.In his question, he said: I come from Taiwan.Now I am doing business on the mainland.And due to improved cross-straits relations in recent years, my business in China is doing quite well.So when I heard the news that some people in America would like to propose--continue selling arms and weapons to Taiwan, I begin to get pretty worried.I worry that this may make our cross-straits relations suffer.So I would like to know if, Mr.President, are you supportive of improved cross-straits relations? And although this question is from a businessman, actually, it's a question of keen concern to all of us young Chinese students, so we'd really like to know your position on this question.Thank you.(Applause.)PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.Well, I have been clear in the past that my administration fully supports a one-China policy, as reflected in the three joint communiqués that date back several decades, in terms of our relations with Taiwan as well as our relations with the People's Republic of China.We don't want to change that policy and that approach.I am very pleased with the reduction of tensions and the improvement in cross-straits relations, and it is my deep desire and hope that we will continue to see great improvement between Taiwan and the rest of--and the People's Republic in resolving many of these issues.One of the things that I think that the United States, in terms of its foreign policy and its policy with respect to China, is always seeking is ways that through dialogue and negotiations, problems can be solved.We always think that's the better course.And I think that economic ties and commercial ties that are taking place in this region are helping to lower a lot of the tensions that date back before you were born or even before I was born.Now, there are some people who still look towards the past when it comes to these issues, as opposed to looking towards the future.I prefer to look towards the future.And as I said, I think the commercial ties that are taking place--there's something about when people think that they can do business and make money that makes them think very clearly and not worry as much about ideology.And I think that that's starting to happen in this region, and we are very supportive of that process.Okay?

Let's see, it's a girl's turn now, right? Yes, right there.Yes.Hold on, let's get--whoops, I'm sorry, they took the mic back here.I'll call on you next.Go ahead, and then I'll go up here later.Go ahead.Q: Thank you.PRESIDENT OBAMA: I'll call on you later.But I'll on her first and then I'll call on you afterwards.Go ahead.Q: Okay, thank you.Mr.President, I'm a student from Shanghai Jiao Tong University.I have a question concerning the Nobel Prize for Peace.In your opinion, what's the main reason that you were honored the Nobel Prize for Peace? And will

it give you more responsibility and pressure to--more pressure and the responsibility to promote world peace? And will it bring you--will it influence your ideas while dealing with the international affairs? Thank you very much.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.That was an excellent question.I have to say that nobody was more surprised than me about winning the Nobel Prize for Peace.Obviously it's a great honor.I don't believe necessarily that it's an honor I deserve, given the extraordinary history of people who have won the prize.All I can do is to, with great humility, accept the fact that I think the committee was inspired by the American people and the possibilities of changing not only America but also America's approach to the world.And so in some ways I think they gave me the prize but I was more just a symbol of the shift in our approach to world affairs that we are trying to promote.In terms of the burden that I feel, I am extraordinarily honored to be put in the position of President.And as my wife always reminds me when I complain that I'm working too hard, she says, you volunteered for this job.(Laughter.)And so you--there's a saying--I don't know if there's a similar saying in China--we have a saying: “You made your bed, now you have to sleep in it.” And it basically means you have to be careful what you ask for because you might get it.I think that all of us have obligations for trying to promote peace in the world.It's not always easy to do.There are still a lot of conflicts in the world that are--date back for centuries.If you look at the Middle East, there are wars and conflict that are rooted in arguments going back a thousand years.In many parts of the world--let's say, in the continent of Africa--there are ethnic and tribal conflicts that are very hard to resolve.And obviously, right now, as President of the United States, part of my job is to serve as Commander-in-Chief, and my first priority is to protect the American people.And because of the attacks on 9/11 and the terrorism that has been taking place around the world where innocent people are being killed, it is my obligation to make sure that we root out these terrorist organizations, and that we cooperate with other countries in terms of dealing with this kind of violence.Nevertheless, although I don't think that we can ever completely eliminate violence between nations or between peoples, I think that we can definitely reduce the violence between peoples--through dialogue, through the exchange of ideas, through greater understanding between peoples and between cultures.And particularly now when just one individual can detonate a bomb that causes so much destruction, it is more important than ever that we pursue these strategies for peace.Technology is a powerful instrument for good, but it has also given the possibility for just a few people to cause enormous damage.And that's why I'm hopeful that in my meetings with President Hu and on an ongoing basis, both the United States and China can work together to try to reduce conflicts that are taking place.We have to do so, though, also keeping in mind that when we use our military, because we're such big and strong countries, that we have to be self-reflective about what we do;that we have to examine our own motives and our own interests to make sure that we are not simply using our military forces because nobody can stop us.That's a burden that great countries, great powers, have, is to act responsibly in the community of nations.And my hope is, is that the United States and China together can help to create an international norms that reduce conflict around the world.(Applause.)Okay.All right? Jon--I'm going to call on my Ambassador because I think he has a question that was generated through the Web site of our embassy.This was selected, though, by I think one of the members of our U.S.press corps so that--

AMBASSADOR HUNTSMAN: That's right.And not surprisingly, “in a country with 350 million Internet users and 60 million bloggers, do you know of the firewall?” And second, “should we be able to use Twitter freely”--is the question.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me say that I have never used Twitter.I noticed that young people--they're very busy with all these electronics.My thumbs are too clumsy to type in things on the phone.But I am a big believer in technology and I'm a big believer in openness when it comes to the flow of information.I think that the more freely information flows, the stronger the society becomes, because then citizens of countries around the world can hold their own governments accountable.They can begin to think for themselves.That generates new ideas.It encourages creativity.And so I've always been a strong supporter of open Internet use.I'm a big supporter of non-censorship.This is part of the tradition of the United States that I discussed before, and I recognize that different countries have different traditions.I

can tell you that in the United States, the fact that we have free Internet--or unrestricted Internet access is a source of strength, and I think should be encouraged.Now, I should tell you, I should be honest, as President of the United States, there are times where I wish information didn't flow so freely because then I wouldn't have to listen to people criticizing me all the time.I think people naturally are--when they're in positions of power sometimes thinks, oh, how could that person say that about me, or that's irresponsible, or--but the truth is that because in the United States information is free, and I have a lot of critics in the United States who can say all kinds of things about me, I actually think that that makes our democracy stronger and it makes me a better leader because it forces me to hear opinions that I don't want to hear.It forces me to examine what I'm doing on a day-to-day basis to see, am I really doing the very best that I could be doing for the people of the United States.And I think the Internet has become an even more powerful tool for that kind of citizen participation.In fact, one of the reasons that I won the presidency was because we were able to mobilize young people like yourself to get involved through the Internet.Initially, nobody thought we could win because we didn't have necessarily the most wealthy supporters;we didn't have the most powerful political brokers.But through the Internet, people became excited about our campaign and they started to organize and meet and set up campaign activities and events and rallies.And it really ended up creating the kind of bottom-up movement that allowed us to do very well.Now, that's not just true in--for government and politics.It's also true for business.You think about a company like Google that only 20 years ago was--less than 20 years ago was the idea of a couple of people not much older than you.It was a science project.And suddenly because of the Internet, they were able to create an industry that has revolutionized commerce all around the world.So if it had not been for the freedom and the openness that the Internet allows, Google wouldn't exist.So I'm a big supporter of not restricting Internet use, Internet access, other information technologies like Twitter.The more open we are, the more we can communicate.And it also helps to draw the world together.Think about--when I think about my daughters, Malia and Sasha--one is 11, one is 8--from their room, they can get on the Internet and they can travel to Shanghai.They can go anyplace in the world and they can learn about anything they want to learn about.And that's just an enormous power that they have.And that helps, I think, promote the kind of understanding that we talked about.Now, as I said before, there's always a downside to technology.It also means that terrorists are able to organize on the Internet in ways that they might not have been able to do before.Extremists can mobilize.And so there's some price that you pay for openness, there's no denying that.But I think that the good outweighs the bad so much that it's better to maintain that openness.And that's part of why I'm so glad that the Internet was part of this forum.Okay? I'm going to take two more questions.And the next one is from a gentleman, I think.Right here, yes.Here's the microphone.Q: First, I would like to say that it is a great honor for me to stand here to ask you the questions.I think I am so lucky and just appreciate that your speech is so clear that I really do not need such kind of headset.(Laughter.)

And here comes my question.My name is(inaudible)from Fudan University School of Management.And I would like to ask you the question--is that now that someone has asked you something about the Nobel Peace Prize, but I will not ask you in the same aspect.I want to ask you in the other aspect that since it is very hard for you to get such kind of an honorable prize, and I wonder and we all wonder that--how you struggled to get it.And what's your university/college education that brings you to get such kind of prizes? We are very curious about it and we would like to invite you to share with us your campus education experiences so as to go on the road of success.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, first of all, let me tell you that I don't know if there's a curriculum or course of study that leads you to win the Nobel Peace Prize.(Laughter.)So I can't guarantee that.But I think the recipe for success is the one that you are already following.Obviously all of you are working very hard, you're studying very hard.You're curious.You're willing to think about new ideas and think for yourself.You know, the people who I meet now that I find most inspiring

who are successful I think are people who are not only willing to work very hard but are constantly trying to improve themselves and to think in new ways, and not just accept the conventional wisdom.Obviously there are many different paths to success, and some of you are going to be going into government service;some of you might want to be teachers or professors;some of you might want to be businesspeople.But I think that whatever field you go into, if you're constantly trying to improve and never satisfied with not having done your best, and constantly asking new questions--"Are there things that I could be doing differently? Are there new approaches to problems that nobody has thought of before, whether it's in science or technology or in the arts?--those are usually the people who I think are able to rise about the rest.The one last piece of advice, though, that I would have that has been useful for me is the people who I admire the most and are most successful, they're not just thinking only about themselves but they're also thinking about something larger than themselves.So they want to make a contribution to society.They want to make a contribution to their country, their nation, their city.They are interested in having an impact beyond their own immediate lives.I think so many of us, we get caught up with wanting to make money for ourselves and have a nice car and have a nice house and--all those things are important, but the people who really make their mark on the world is because they have a bigger ambition.They say, how can I help feed hungry people? Or, how can I help to teach children who don't have an education? Or, how can I bring about peaceful resolution of conflicts? Those are the people I think who end up making such a big difference in the world.And I'm sure that young people like you are going to be able to make that kind of difference as long as you keep working the way you've been working.All right? All right, this is going to be the last question, unfortunately.We've run out of time so quickly.Our last Internet question, because I want to make sure that we got all three of our fine students here.Q: Mr.President, it's a great honor for the last question.And I'm a college student from Fudan University, and today I'm also the representative of China's Youth(inaudible.)And this question I think is from Beijing: Paid great attention to your Afghanistan policies, and he would like to know whether terrorism is still the greatest security concern for the United States? And how do you assess the military actions in Afghanistan, or whether it will turn into another Iraqi war? Thank you very much.PRESIDENT OBAMA: I think that's an excellent question.Well, first of all, I do continue to believe that the greatest threat to United States' security are the terrorist networks like al Qaeda.And the reason is, is because even though they are small in number, what they have shown is, is that they have no conscience when it comes to the destruction of innocent civilians.And because of technology today, if an organization like that got a weapon of mass destruction on its hands--a nuclear or a chemical or a biological weapon--and they used it in a city, whether it's in Shanghai or New York, just a few individuals could potentially kill tens of thousands of people, maybe hundreds of thousands.So it really does pose an extraordinary threat.Now, the reason we originally went into Afghanistan was because al Qaeda was in Afghanistan, being hosted by the Taliban.They have now moved over the border of Afghanistan and they are in Pakistan now, but they continue to have networks with other extremist organizations in that region.And I do believe that it is important for us to stabilize Afghanistan so that the people of Afghanistan can protect themselves, but they can also be a partner in reducing the power of these extremist networks.Now, obviously it is a very difficult thing--one of the hardest things about my job is ordering young men and women into the battlefield.I often have to meet with the mothers and fathers of the fallen, those who do not come home.And it is a great weight on me.It gives me a heavy heart.Fortunately, our Armed Services is--the young men and women who participate, they believe so strongly in their service to their country that they are willing to go.And I think that it is possible--working in a broader coalition with our allies in NATO and others that are contributing like Australia--to help train the Afghans so that they have a functioning government, that they have their own security forces, and then slowly we can begin to pull our troops out because there's no longer that vacuum that existed after the Taliban left.But it's a difficult task.It's not easy.And ultimately I think in trying to defeat these terrorist extremists, it's important to understand it's not just a military exercise.We also have to think about what motivates young people to become terrorists, why would they become suicide bombers.And although there are obviously a lot of different reasons, including I think the perversion of religion, in thinking that somehow these kinds of violent acts are appropriate, part of what's happened in places like Pakistan and Afghanistan is these young people have no education, they have no opportunities, and so they see no way for them to move forward in life, and that leads them into thinking that this is their only option.And so part of what we want to do in Afghanistan is to find ways that we can train teachers and create schools and improve agriculture so that people have a greater sense of hope.That won't change the ideas of a Osama bin Laden who are very ideologically fixed on trying to strike at the West, but it will change the pool of young people who they can recruit from.And that is at least as important, if not more important over time, as whatever military actions that we can take.Okay?

All right, I have had a wonderful time.I am so grateful to all of you.First of all, let me say I'm very impressed with all of your English.Clearly you've been studying very hard.And having a chance to meet with all of you I think has given me great hope for the future of U.S.-China relations.I hope that many of you have the opportunity to come and travel and visit the United States.You will be welcome.I think you will find that the American people feel very warmly towards the people of China.And I am very confident that, with young people like yourselves and the young people that I know in the United States, that our two great countries will continue to prosper and help to bring about a more peaceful and secure world.So thank you very much everybody.Thank you.(Applause.)END 2:08 P.M.CST

中文翻译：

奥巴马总统在上海与大学生直接对话（全文）

美国总统奥巴马11月16 日在上海科技博物馆举行的与上海大学生的直接对话会上发表演讲，并回答了大学生以及网友提出的一系列问题。以下是白宫新闻秘书办公室发布的总统演讲及问答记录稿的译文，由美国国务院国际信息局翻译。

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白宫（THE WHITE HOUSE）

新闻秘书办公室（Office of the Press Secretary）

2009年11月16日

巴拉克·奥巴马总统在与中国未来领袖的直接对话会上的讲话

（REMARKS BY PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA AT TOWN HALL MEETING WITH FUTURE CHINESE LEADERS）

中国上海

中国上海科技博物馆

当地时间下午1:18

奥巴马总统：你们好。能够有机会在上海跟你们大家交谈，我深感荣幸。我要感谢复旦大学的杨校长，感谢他的款待和热情的欢迎。我还要感谢我们出色的大使洪博培，他代表了我们两国之间的深远联系和相互尊重。我不知道他刚才说什么，但是希望他说得不错。（笑声）

我今天准备先做一个开场白，但我真正希望做的是回答问题，不但回答在座的学生提出的问题，同时也回答从网上提出的一些问题，这些问题由在座的一些学生和洪博培大使代为提出。很抱歉，我的中文不如你们的英文，但我期待着这个和你们对话的机会。

这是我首次访问中国，看到你们壮丽的国家，我感到很兴奋。在上海，我们看到了全球瞩目的发展——高耸的大厦、繁忙的街道、创业的动态。这些都是中国步入21世纪的迹象，让我感到赞叹。同时，我也期盼看到向我们展现中国悠久历史的古迹。明天和后天我会在北京，希望有机会看到壮观的故宫和奇迹般的长城。的确，这是一个既有丰富的历史，又对未来的希望充满信心的国家。

我们两国的关系也是如此。毫无疑问，上海在美中关系史上是一个具有重大意义的城市。正是在这里，37年前发布的《上海公报》（Shanghai Communique）开启了我们两国政府和两国人民接触交往的新篇章。然而，美国与这个城市以及这个国家的纽带可以追溯到更久远的过去，直至美国独立初期。

1784年，我们的建国之父乔治•华盛顿主持了“中国女皇号”（Empress of China）的下水仪式。这条船前往中国海岸，寻求与清朝通商。华盛顿希望看到这条悬挂美国国旗的船前往世界各地，与像中国这样的国家缔结新的纽带。这是通常的美国人的愿望——希望达到新的地平线，建立新的、互利的伙伴关系。

在此后的两个世纪中，历史洪流使我们两国关系向许多不同的方向发展，但即使在动荡的岁月中，两国人民也抓住机会发展了深入的、甚至极不平凡的关系。例如，美国人民永远不会忘记，二战期间，美国飞行员在中国上空被击落后，中国公民冒着失去一切的危险护理他们。参加过二战的中国老兵仍然热情欢迎故地重游的美国老兵，他们曾经在那里作战，帮助中国从占领下获得解放。

近40年前，简单的乒乓球比赛带来了两国关系的解冻，使我们两国建立起另一种联系。这种接触令人意外，但却恰恰促成了其成功，因为尽管我们之间存在许多分歧，但是我们共同的人性和共同的好奇心得以从中显现。正如一位美国乒乓球队员在回忆对中国的访问时所说：“那里的人民和我们一样……这个国家和美国有许多相似之处，也有很大区别。”

无须赘言，这个小小的契机带来了《上海公报》的问世，并最终促使美中两国在1979年建立正式外交关系。请看在此后的30年，我们取得了多么长足的进展。

1979年，美中贸易额约为50亿美元，今天，贸易额已经超过4000亿美元。贸易在许多方面影响着两国人民的生活，美国电脑中的许多元件以及我们身穿的服装都是从中国进口的，我们向中国出口你们的工业需要的机器。这种贸易可以在太平洋两岸创造更多的就业机会，让我们的人民过上质量更高的生活。随着需求趋于平衡，繁荣的范围将进一步扩大。

1979年，美中之间的政治合作主要立足于双方共同面对的竞争对手苏联。如今我们享有积极的、建设性的、全面的关系，为我们在当今时代的关键性全球问题上建立伙伴关系打开了大门，这些问题包括：经济复苏和清洁能源开发、制止核武器扩散和气候变化的影响、在亚洲及全球各地促进和平与安全。所有这些问题都是我明天与胡主席会谈的内容。

1979年，我们两国人民的联系十分有限。今天，我们看到当年乒乓球队员的好奇心已经化为许多领域的纽带，中国留学生在美国的人数名列第二，而在美国学生中，学中文的人数增加了50%。我们两国有近200个友好城市，把我们的社区连接在一起。美中科学家合作进行新的研究与发现。而姚明是我们两国人民都热爱篮球的仅仅一个标志而已——令我遗憾的是，此行中我不能观看上海大鲨鱼队的比赛。

我们两国之间的关系相伴着一个积极变化的时期，这不是偶然的。中国实现了亿万人民脱贫，这一成就史无前例，同时，中国在全球问题中也在发挥更大的作用。美国在促使冷战顺利结束的同时，经济也取得了增长，人民的生活水平提高。

中国有句名言：“温故而知新。”当然，过去30年中我们也曾遇到挫折和挑战，我们的关系不是没有分歧和困难。但是，“我们必然是对手”的概念并非是注定不变的——回顾过去不会是这样。由于我们的合作，美中两国都更加繁荣、更加安全。我们已经看到我们本着共同的利益和相互的尊重去努力所能取得的成果。

可是，这种接触的成功取决于理解，取决于继续进行开诚布公的对话，相互了解，相互学习。正如前面提到的那位美国乒乓球队员所说——作为人，我们有着许多共同之处，但是我们两国在某些方面存在着差别。

我认为每个国家都必须规划自己的前进方向。中国是一个文明古国，文化深远。而美国相对而言是一个年轻的国家，它的文化由来自许多不同国家的移民以及指导我国民主制度的建国纲领所形成。

这些纲领中提出了对人类事务的简单明了的瞩望，并包含了一些核心原则——不论男女人人生而平等，都享有某些基本权利；政府应当反映民意，并对人民的愿望作出回应；商贸应该是开放的，信息应该自由流通；司法保障应该来自法治而不是人治。

当然，我国的历史也并非没有困难的篇章。在很多方面，在很长的时间里，我们要通过斗争去实现这些原则对全体人民的承诺，缔造一个更趋完善的联邦。我们曾打过一场很痛苦的南北战争，将我国的一部分人口从奴役下解放出来。妇女获得投票权、劳工赢得组织权、来自世界各地的移民得到完全的接纳——这些都是经过了一段时间才实现的。非洲裔美国人即使在获得自由后依然生活在被隔离和不平等的条件下，他们经过不懈努力才最终赢得全面、平等的权利。

所有这些都不曾轻而易举。但是，由于我们对这些核心原则的坚定信念，我们取得了进步，这些原则指引我们冲过了最黑暗的风暴。这就是为什么林肯（Lincoln）能在南北战争中挺身而出并宣布，这是一场考验一个孕育于自由之中、“忠实于人人生而平等这一原则”的国家能否永存的斗争。这也就是为什么马丁∙路德∙金（Martin Luther King）博士能够站立在林肯纪念堂（Lincoln Memorial）的台阶上，要求我们的国家实践自身信仰的真正含义。这也就是为什么来自从中国到肯尼亚的各国移民能够在我国的土地上安家；为什么所有努力寻求机会的人都能获得机会；为什么像我这种在不到50年前在美国的某些地方连投票都遇到困难的人，现在能够出任这个国家的总统。

这就是为什么美国一直在全世界为这些核心原则而大声疾呼。我们不寻求把任何政治体制强加给任何别的国家，但是我们也不认为我们主张的这些原则是我们国家所独有的。表达自由和宗教信仰自由——获得信息和政治参与的自由——我们认为这些自由都是普世的权利，所有人都应当享有，包括少数民族和宗教少数派，不管是在美国、中国还是在任何其他国家。正是对普世权利的尊重指导着美国向其他国家开放，尊重各种不同的文化，致力于遵守国际法，并对未来抱有信念。

这些都是你们应当了解的美国的情况。我也知道中国有很多有待我们了解的情况。环顾一下这座伟大的城市——环顾一下这个大厅——我确信我们两个国家有一个很重要的共同点，那就是我们对未来的信念。美国和中国都不想满足于已取得的成就，止步不前。虽然中国是一个古老的国家，但你们显然也对未来满怀信心、雄心和使年轻一代能比这一代人更有作为的决心。

我们不但钦佩中国日益增长的经济，还赞赏你们在科学研究方面极不平凡的努力——从你们建设的基础设施到你们使用的技术，均体现出这种努力。中国现在是世界上最大的互联网使用国——这也是我们今天很高兴能把互联网作为此次活动的一部分的原因。这个国家目前拥有世界上最大的移动电话网络，它正在投资发展既能维持可持续增长，又能应对气候变化的新型能源——我期待着明天在这个至关重要的领域中深化两国的合作关系。然而，最重要的是，我在你们身上看到了中国的未来——年轻一代的聪明才智、献身精神和梦想将为塑造21世纪发挥巨大作用。

我已说过多次，我相信我们现在的世界是紧密相连的。我们所做的工作，我们所建设的繁荣，我们所保护的环境，以及我们所寻求的安全——所有这一切都是共有的。鉴于这种相互联系，在21世纪，权力不应再成为一场零和游戏；一国的成功发展不应以他国为代价。这也就是为什么美国坚决表示我们不谋求遏制中国的崛起。恰恰相反，我们欢迎中国成为国际社会中一个强大、繁荣、成功的成员——一个从你们这样的每个中国人的权利、实力和创造力中获得力量的中国。

回到前面提到的那句古语——回顾过去。我们知道，大国之间选择合作而非对抗会带来更大的惠益。这是人类不断汲取的一个教训，我们两国的关系史中也不乏其例。我深信，合作必须不止于政府间的合作。合作必须植根于我们的人民——植根于我们共同进行的研究，我们的商贸活动，我们所学到的知识，乃至我们的体育运动。这些桥梁必须由你们这样的年轻人和美国的年轻人共同构筑。

因此，我高兴地宣布，美国准备将在中国留学的美国学生人数大幅度增加到10万人。这种交流是对在我们两国人民之间建立联系的明确承诺，毫无疑问，你们将帮助决定21世纪的命运。我完全相信，对美国来说，再好的使者莫过于我们的年轻人。因为他们和你们一样，才华横溢，充满活力，对有待书写的历史篇章充满乐观。

那么，就让这个举措成为我们稳步寻求合作的下一个步骤，这种合作有利于我们两国乃至整个世界。如果能从今天的对话中得到一点启示的话，我希望那就是致力于今后继续进行这种对话。

非常感谢诸位。现在我希望回答你们大家提出的一些问题。非常感谢。（掌声。）

我只想确保这能进行得顺利。顺便提一句，这是一种在美国的这类直接对话会中十分常见的传统做法。我们要做的是——如果你想提问，就请举手。我会叫到你。我会交替回答现场观众的问题和学生们代为提出的来自互联网的问题，还有，我想洪博培大使可能会提一个我们通过大使馆网站征集到的问题。

让我们开始吧，先看看——我来采取这样的做法：先叫一位男生，再叫一位女生，然后——这样轮流，以便大家认为公平。好吗？首先我要请前排这位年轻女士提问。请等一下拿到麦克风再讲，让大家都能听到。你叫什么名字？

问：我的名字叫（听不清），我是复旦大学的学生。自1985年以来，上海与芝加哥就结为了姐妹城市，两座城市在经济、政治和文化方面进行了各种广泛的的交流活动。那么，您将采取什么举措来加深美国与中国各城市间的这种紧密联系？上海将于明年举办世界博览会。您会带着您的家人来参观世博会吗？谢谢。

奥巴马总统: 十分感谢你提出这个问题。我来这里之前，恰在与上海市长共进午餐，他告诉我，他与芝加哥市——我的家乡——有着极好的关系，他已经到芝加哥市访问过两次。我认为城市之间进行交流是非常好的事。

我与上海市长讨论的内容之一是，两座城市如何能够在清洁能源战略上彼此学习，因为把中国与美国联系在一起的问题之一是：随着人口的增长和对气候变化的担忧，我们如何能够减少我们两国的碳足迹。显然，在美国和许多发达国家中，按人口、按每个人平均计算，他们使用的能源比起在中国这里的每个人使用的能源要多得多。但随着中国的增长和发展，它也将使用更多的能源。因此两国都十分想要找到新的战略。

我们谈到了公共交通及上海正在发展的优异的轨道线。我认为我们在芝加哥和美国可以从正在建造的精良的高速轨道工程中学习一些东西。

在美国，我想我们正在学习建造使用更少能源、节能效率更高的建筑。而我知道，就上海来说——我一路过来看到那么多起重机和那么多正在建造中的新楼房，我们开始吸收这些新技术十分重要，从而将使每幢大楼在照明方面、在取暖方面都做到节能。因此我认为这是一个向彼此学习的很好的机会。

我知道，清洁能源将成为上海世界博览会的一个主要焦点——我从上海市长那里了解到这一点。因此我将乐于出席。我现在还无法确定我未来的日程安排；但我感到十分高兴的是，在上海世博会里将有一个十分精彩的美国馆。我听说预计将有多达7000万人来参观。因此这里将会人山人海，而且会十分激动人心。

芝加哥在历史上曾举办过两次世博会，那两次世博会都给这座城市带来了巨大推动力。我确信同样的情况会在上海这里出现。

谢谢。（掌声）

让我们从网上的提问中选一个问题吧。请介绍你自己，万一 …… 问：我先说中文，再说英语，好吗？

奥巴马总统：好的。

问：我提的这个问题来自互联网。我要谢谢总统先生在您任期内第一年访问中国，在中国与我们交换意见。我想知道您这次访问中国给中国带来什么，您又将带什么回美国？（掌声）

奥巴马总统：我这次访问的主要目的是，加深了解中国以及中国对未来的展望。我与胡主席已经有多次会晤。我们共同参加了应对经济金融危机的20国集团会议。我们就一系列广泛议题进行了磋商。但是我认为，美国继续加深对中国的了解非常重要，正如中国也同样需要继续加深了解美国。

至于我希望从这次会晤或从这次访问中看到什么成果，除了借这个绝好的机会参观故宫和长城，并与在座的各位见面——这些都是主要内容——我还打算与胡主席讨论一个要点，也就是洪博培大使前面谈到的，没有美国和中国的共识，就无法战胜多少全球性的挑战。

我来举一个具体例子，这就是我们刚刚谈到的气候变化问题。美国和中国是世界上最大的两个温室气体放排及碳排放国，这种排放导致地球变暖。如我在前面所说，美国作为一个高度发达的国家，人均能源消耗量和温室气体排放量比中国高得多。另一方面，中国的增长速度更快，人口更多。因此，除非我们两国有意愿在这个问题上采取关键步骤，否则我们就无法解决这个问题。

在定于12月举行的哥本哈根会议上，世界领导人将努力寻找一项方案，使我们大家都能够作出各自不同的承诺，对各国承担的义务有所区分——显然，因为中国贫困人口多得多，因此不必采取与美国完全相同的行动——但是，在计划如何减少温室气体方面，我们大家都应承担一定的义务。

这个例子说明了我希望在这次会晤中看到什么成果——我将与胡主席交换想法，讨论美中两国如何能够共同发挥领导作用。因为，我可以告诉你们，世界上其他国家将等待着我们。他们将观察我们的行动。如果他们认为美国和中国并不认真对待这个问题，那么他们也就不会认真对待它。这是我们两国现在肩负的领导责任。我的希望是，通过越来越多的讨论和对话，我们能够向世界更多地展示我们在许多这些关键问题上的领导作用。好不好？（掌声）

好吧，下面该轮到男生了，对吗？我来请这位小伙子提问。

问：总统先生，下午好。我来自同济大学。我想引用孔子的一句话：“有朋自远方来不亦乐乎”。在《论语》中有一句名言叫和而不同。中国倡导一个和谐世界。我们知道美国形成了一种以多元化为特点的文化，请问您的这届政府会采取哪些措施来建设一个由不同文化组成的多元化世界？您会采取哪些措施尊重其他国家不同的文化和历史？我们将来能进行哪些合作？

奥巴马总统：这一点提得非常好。美国的优势之一就是我们有一种非常多元化的文化。我们那里有来自世界各地的人。因此，对于美国人长什么样不能一言以蔽之。以我自己的家庭为例，我父亲来自肯尼亚，我母亲来自美国中西部的堪萨斯州，我妹妹有一半的印度尼西亚血统，她又嫁给了一位华裔加拿大人。因此，我们奥巴马全家的聚会就像联合国一样。（笑声）

而这就是美国的力量所在，因为它意味着我们从不同的文化、不同的饮食和不同的想法中学到东西，这使我们的社会变得更加生机勃勃。

与此同时，每个国家在相互连通的世界中都拥有自己的文化、自己的历史和自己的传统。因此，我认为对于美国来讲重要的一点是，不能自认为对我们有利的东西也一定会给其他人带来好处。我们在对待其他国家时态度应当谦虚。

但我必须说明，正如我在开场白中所说的那样，我们确实认为一些基本原则是人所共有的，不论文化背景如何。例如，在联合国，我们非常积极地努力确保世界各地的儿童都享有某些基本权利——如果儿童受到剥削，如果他们被强迫做童工，尽管以前在包括美国在内的许多国家都可能发生过这样的事情，但是世界上所有的国家现在都应当发展到能以比过去更好的方式对待儿童的程度。这是一种普世价值观。

我相信在对待妇女的态度上也是如此。我在来这里之前同上海市长共进午餐并进行了很有意思的讨论，他告诉我现在中国高等院校中有很多专业的在校女生实际上比男生多，而且她们的学习非常好。我认为这是一个极好的进步指标，因为纵观世界各地的发展就会看到，一个国家的发展是否成功的最重要指标之一，就是该国女童受教育的情况以及妇女享有的待遇。而那些能够发挥妇女的聪明才智和能量，并能为她们提供良好教育的国家，通常比那些没有这么做的国家有更好的经济发展。

当然，不同的文化对男性和女性之间的关系可能会有不同的态度，不过我认为美国的观点是，我们必须申明全世界妇女的权利。如果我们看到女性在一些社会中受到压迫，得不到机会，或遭受暴力，我们将大声疾呼。

有些人可能不同意我们的观点，我们可以就此展开对话。但我们认为有必要恪守我们的理念和价值观。当然，我们在这样做的时候必须谦逊，必须认识到我们自己并非十全十美，在很多问题上还有待取得进展。如果你们问一问美国妇女，她们会告诉你，有一些男性对妇女在社会中的地位还抱着老观念不放。因此，我们不能说我们解决了全部问题，但我们认为必须为这些普世理念和这些普世价值观大声疾呼。

好吧。下面要回答一个通过互联网提出的问题。

问：您好，总统先生。我非常荣幸能来到这里见到您本人。

奥巴马总统：谢谢你。

问：我将读一个从网上选出的对您的提问，这个问题是一个台湾人提出的。他在提问时说：我来自台湾，现在在大陆做生意。由于两岸关系近年来不断改善，我现在在大陆的生意做得很好。因此，当我听到美国有人要提议——继续向台湾出售武器的消息时，我开始感到非常

担心。我担心这会破坏海峡两岸的关系。因此，总统先生，我想知道您是否支持改善两岸关系。当然，这个问题虽然是一位商人提出的，但所有年轻的中国学生其实都非常关心这个问题，所以我们特别希望了解您在这个问题上的立场。谢谢。（掌声）

奥巴马总统：谢谢你。我一贯明确表示，本届政府完全支持一个中国的政策，即几十年前发布的三个联合公报所阐明的我们与中华人民共和国的关系以及我们与台湾的关系。我们不想改变这项政策和这项方针。

我非常高兴地看到紧张局势的缓解和海峡两岸关系的改善，而且我非常盼望和希望我们能继续看到台湾和中国其他地区在解决很多这类问题时显著改善关系。

我认为，美国在对外政策中，也包括在对中国的政策中，一直寻求的是通过对话和谈判解决问题的途径。我们一贯认为这是最好的途径。而且我认为，这个地区正在建立的经济和商贸联系有助于缓解很多在你们出生前，甚至在我出生前就已形成的紧张关系。

但有些人在考虑这些问题时仍然向后看，而不是展望未来。我更愿意展望未来。就像我刚才说的，我认为正在建立的商贸关系——当人们认为他们能够做生意赚钱时，有些因素会使他们的想法变得非常清楚，而不致过分担心意识形态的问题。我认为这个地区已经开始出现这种变化，而且我们非常支持这一进程。

好吧，该轮到女生了，是吧？就是这一位。等一下，让我们——哎呦，对不起，他们把话筒拿回到这边了。下一个问题我再请你提。

请讲，我一会儿到这边来。请讲。

问：谢谢您。

奥巴马总统：我过一会儿再请你提问。我要先叫她，然后再叫你。

请讲。

问：好的，谢谢您。总统先生，我是上海交通大学的学生。我想请问一个关于诺贝尔和平奖的问题。依您之见，您获得诺贝尔和平奖的主要原因是什么？它会给您更多责任和压力来促进世界和平吗？它会对您处理国际事务的想法产生影响吗？非常感谢。

奥巴马总统：谢谢。这个问题提得很好。我必须说，没有人比我对赢得诺贝尔和平奖更感到吃惊。这当然是一项殊荣。基于过去获奖者的辉煌历史，我不认为我的获奖是完全实至名归的。但是，我只能谦卑地接受这一事实，也就是，使委员会受到感动的是美国民众以及那种不仅让美国发生改变、而且让美国对世界的方针发生改变的可能性。因此我想，以某种方式说，虽然他们颁给我这个奖，但我更只是一个象征，代表了我们在处理国际事务方面改变做法的努力。

至于我所感受的重担，我能担任总统一职着实为莫大的荣幸。每当我抱怨工作太繁重时，我的妻子总是提醒我：“你可是自愿要做这份工作的。”（笑声）我不知道中国是否有类似的谚语，但是我们美国人会说：“你铺了床，就得在上面睡觉。”大意是，你在许愿时要当心，因为你可能真的会如愿。

我们大家都有促进世界和平的义务。这并非总是易事。世界上依然存在很多几世纪以来尚未解决的冲突。看看中东，有些战争和冲突是基于千年之前的争论。在全球的很多地方，例如非洲，还有一些难以解决的民族和部落冲突。

显然，目前我身为美国总统，职责之一是担任三军统帅，而我的首要任务是保护美国人民。由于“9.11”袭击和世界各地的恐怖袭击造成无辜人民的伤亡，我的责任就是确保我们根除这些恐怖组织，并且和其他国家合作解决这类暴力问题。

然而，尽管我不认为我们可以完全消除国家或民族之间的暴力，我还是认为我们肯定可以减少民族之间的暴力——通过对话、交换意见、以及增进民族和文化之间的理解。

特别是在今天，只要一个人引爆一颗炸弹就能造成大规模的破坏，因此我们比以往任何时候都要更加努力推进促进和平的策略。技术可以是为人类造福的强大工具，但是也能让少数人有机可乘，造成极大的损害。所以我衷心希望在我和胡主席会面时以及双方的持续交往中，美中两国能够携手合作，设法减少正在发生的种种冲突。

然而，我们要在这样做，在我们动用军队的时候，还需想到，因为我们是如此强有力的大国，因此必须时刻反省我们的作为，检视我们的动机和自身的利益，确保我们不会仅仅因为没有人能够阻止我们就使用武装力量。大国强国的责任之一就是，在国际社会中以负责任的态度行事。我希望美中两国能够协力创建一个减少全球冲突的国际规范。（掌声）

好。怎么样？Jon——我将让我的大使提问，我想他有一个通过使馆网站提的问题。这是个挑选出来的问题，我想是由是我们美国记者团成员挑选的，所以….洪博培大使：对。而且毫不奇怪：“在一个有3亿5千万网民，6千万博客的国家，你听说没听说过防火墙？” 第二，“我们该不该能够自由使用Twitter（叽喳网）？”——就是这个问题。

奥巴马总统：首先，我要说，我从没用过Twitter。我注意到，年轻人他们都忙着这些电子东西。我的指头在电话上打字有些不灵。但是，我对技术深信不疑，我深信信息交流的开放性。我以为，信息交流得越自由，社会就越强大，因为这样世界各国的公民可以向自己的政府问责。他们会开始独立思考，从而产生新思想，鼓励创造性。

所以，我从来都是一个互联网公开使用的支持者。我大力支持信息不受管制。这也是我刚才所说的美国传统的一部分，我认识到不同的国家有不同的传统。我可以告诉你们，在美国，我们具有的自由的互联网——或者说上网无限制，是我们力量的一个来源，我觉得应该得到鼓励。

我应该告诉你们，我应该坦诚地说，作为美国总统，有时候我倒希望信息传播得没有这么自由，因为这样我就不会老是听到别人批评我。我觉得人很自然地——当他们在有权有势的时候就会想，那个人怎么能那样说我，或者，那是不负责任的，等等。然而事实是，由于在美国信息是自由交流的，在美国有许多人批评我，说我什么的都有，我其实认为这让我们的民主体制更强大，也让我成为一个更好的领导人，因为这种做法迫使我倾听那些我不想听的意见，迫使我审视我每天的所作所为，看一看我是否为美国人民尽了全力。

我认为互联网成了这种公民参与的更强大的工具。其实，我能当选总统的原因之一，就是因为通过互联网我们能够调动起像你们这样的年轻人的参与。开始的时候，谁也不认为我们能赢，因为我们并没有所必须的财力最大的人的支持，也没有最有势力的政治掮客。但通过互联网，人们对我们的竞选活动产生了激情，他们开始组织起来，聚会，安排竞选活动、事项和集会，最后成了真正的自下而上的运动，使我们能够干得出色。

而这并不仅是政府和政治事务的情形，商务也是如此。大家想想，像谷歌（Google）这样一个公司，仅在20年前——不到20年前，来自两位不比你们大多少的人的设想。当时它是一个科技项目。但突然间，因为互联网的缘故，他们能够创立起一个给世界各地商务带来变革的新产业。所以说，若不是有了互联网的自由和开放，就不会有谷歌。

因此，我大力支持不对互联网使用、互联网上网、以及Twitter等信息技术实行限制。我们越开放，就越能够沟通，这也将有助于让世界走到一起。

想一想——在我想到我的女儿玛莉娅（Malia）和萨夏(Sasha)的时候，她俩一个11岁，一个8岁，她们可以从自己的房间里上网，游历到上海。她们可以到世界任何一个地方，可以学习了解任何她们想了解的事情。她们拥有的是一种多么大的力量。我认为，这有助于推进我们刚才谈到的那种理解。

如我刚才所说，技术总有不利的一面。它也意味着恐怖分子能够以过去也许不可能的方式在网上组织起来。极端分子可以进行调动。所以，开放是有一些代价的，这不可否定认。但是，我认为，好处如此远远超过坏处，还是保持开放为好。这是我对这个论坛有互联网的部分感到高兴的原因。

我再回答两个问题，下一个问题来自一位男士，我想是。对，就在这里。给你麦克风。

问：首先，我想说，我非常荣幸能站在这里向您提问，我觉得我的运气太好了，您的讲话如此清楚，我都用不着这样一个耳机。（笑声）

我的问题是这样的。我的姓名是（听不清），我是复旦大学管理学院的学生，我想问您这个问题——有人已经问过您有关诺贝尔和平奖的某个方面的事情，我不想再问同一方面的问题，我想要问：赢得这样崇高的荣誉是非常不容易的——我想要知道，我们都想知道，您是如何争取到的？您得到的是什么样的大学教育，帮助您获得了如此殊荣？ 我们都很好奇，我们想请您分享您的大学教育经历，以便走上成功之路。

奥巴马总统：首先，我要告诉你，我并不知道有一个能指引你赢得诺贝尔和平奖的教学大纲或者课程。（笑声）所以我不能给你保证。但是我想，获得成功的诀窍其实就是你现在已经在实践的。毫无疑问，你们都十分努力，你们在努力学习，你们有好奇心，你们愿意思考新的思想，并且自己作思考。你们知道，我现在所碰到的最激励我的成功者，是那些不仅愿意十分努力地工作，而且总是在提高自己的人，他们不断探索新思路，而不是仅仅墨守成规。

当然，通向成功的道路各不相同，你们中的一些人将进入政府机构；有些可能想成为教师或教授；也有些人可能想进入商贸界。但是我想，无论你进入哪个领域，如果你能持续不断地提高自己，不尽全力决不满足，而且不断提出新问题——“我是否还能用不同的方式来做？” 无论是在科学技术还是艺术领域，“是否还有没人想到过的新的解决问题的途径？”——我想这样一些人通常能够超群出众。

我还有最后一点建议，这个建议曾经使我受益匪浅，那就是我最敬仰的那些成功人士们，他们不是仅为自己着想，而是还考虑超越个人范围的事情。他们希望为社会作出贡献。他们希望为自己的国家、自己的民族、自己的城市作出贡献。他们希望能够产生超出自己个人生活以外的影响力。

我想，我们许多人都会忙于给自己挣钱，买一辆好车，买一座舒适的房子——所有这些都重要，但是那些真正对世界产生永久性影响的人是因为他们有远大的理想。他们问自己：我如何帮助更多的人免遭饥饿？我如何帮助没上过学的儿童接受教育？我如何帮助以和平方式化解冲突？我认为只有这样的人才能最终对世界产生重大影响。我相信，只要像你们这样的年轻人继续努力下去，就能够产生这样的影响。

还有问题吗？好，这是最后一个问题。很遗憾，时间过得真快，最后回答一个网友的提问，因为我希望确保我们这三位出色的学生都有机会提问。

问：总统先生，很荣幸能提最后一个问题。我是复旦大学的学生，今天我也是中国青年[听不清]的代表。我想这是一个来自北京的问题：非常关注您的阿富汗政策。他想知道，恐怖主义是否仍然是美国最大的安全威胁？您如何评估在阿富汗的军事行动？它是否会演变成另一场伊拉克战争？非常感谢您。