第一篇：复旦大学2008年博士入学英语试题
复旦大学2008年博士入学英语试题 Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%)Directions: Three are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰ with a single line through the center.1.Although it is only a small business, its _________ is surprisingly high.A.turn-up B.turn-over C.turn-about D.turn-out 2.Unfortunately not all of us obtain our just _________ in this life.A.demands B.gains C.deserts D.wins 3.That contract about which we had a disagreement last month, has now gone __________.A.through B.down C.over D.around 4.The _______ of two houses proved such a financial burden that they were forced to sell one.A.upsurge B.upshot C.upturn D.upkeep 5._________ through the attic and see if you can find anything for the jumble sale.A.Leash B.Rummage C.Flutter
D.Scrape 6.How about a glass of orange juice to________ your thirst.A.quash B.quell C.quench D.quieten 7.Because the children keep interrupting her whenever she reads a book, she is always ___________ her place.A.missing B.slipping C.bothering D.losing 8.She was putting on her watch when the _________ broke and it fell to the ground.A.belt B.string C.tie D.strap 9.I washed this dress and the color_________.A.flowed B.escaped C.ran D.removed 10.The recent economic crisis has brought about a _________ in world trade.A.sag B.tilt C.droop D.slump 11.Although we decorated the room only six months ago, the paint on the ceiling is already _________ because of the damp.A.crumbling B.flaking C.disintegrating D.splintering 12.The false banknotes fooled many people, but they did not _________ to close examination.A.put up B.keep up C.stand up D.look up 13.They were making enough noise at the party to wake the ___________.A.dead B.living C.lunatic D.crippled 14.If you would like to send a donation, you can ________a cheque to the organization Feed the Children.A.make up B.make for C.make out D.make off 15.The students visited the museum and spent several hours with the________, who was very helpful.A.curator B.bursar C.commissioner D.steward 16.The accused man was able to prove his innocence at the trial and was __________.A.absolved B.acquitted C.pardoned D.executed 17.Mary was extremely lucky: when her great-uncle died, she __________ a fortune.A.came by B.came over C.came into D.came through 18.The drunken couple did nothing to keep the flat clean and tidy and lived in the utmost __________.A.decay B.contamination C.squalor D.confinement 19.Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but _________ slightly in the afternoon.A.recovered B.recuperated C.retrieved D.regained 20.He tries to __________ himself with everyone by paying them compliments.A.please B.ingratiate C.placate
D.remunerate 21.I was afraid to open the door lest the beggar _________ me.A.followed B.were to follow C.follow D.would follow 22.By the end of the day the flood water which had covered most of the town had __________.A.reversed B.retired C.returned D.receded 23.Educational policies made _________ the hoof by successive secretaries of state are the main reason for low teacher morale.A.in B.on C.by D.along 24.It was obvious that he had been drinking far too much from the way he came_________ down the street.A.toddling B.hobbling C.loping D.staggering 25.He was a generous friend but as a businessman he __________ a hard bargain.A.dealt B.contracted C.drove D.faked 26.My friend‟s son, who is a soldier, was delighted when he was __________ only a few miles from home.A.placed B.stationed C.deported D.exorcized 27.In a coal-mining area, the land tends to __________causing damage to roads and buildings.A.subside B.diminish C.confiscate D.cede 28.As the cat lay asleep, dreaming, whiskers __________.A.twitched B.twisted C.jerked D.jogged 29.The total __________ from last month‟s charity dance were far more than expected.A.earnings B.acquisitions C.proceeds D.subsidies
30.The new manager had many difficulties to overcome but he __________them all in his stride.A.overlooked B.obtained C.tackled D.took
Part II Reading Comprehension(40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.(1)
Resale Price Maintenance is the name used when a retailer is compelled to sell at a price fixed by the manufacturer instead of choosing for himself how much to add on to the wholesale price he pays for his supplies.This practice is associated with the sale of “branded” goods, which now form a very considerable proportion of consumers‟ purchases, and it has led to a great deal of controversy.Generally such articles are packed and advertised by the manufacturers, who try to create a special „image‟ in the minds of possible purchasers—an image made up of the look of the article, its use, its price, and everything else which might lead purchasers to ask for that brand rather than any other.If a retailer is allowed to charge any price he likes he may find it worthwhile to sell one brand at „cut‟ prices even though this involves a loss, because he hopes to attract customers to the shop, where they may be persuaded to buy many other types of goods at higher prices.The manufacturer of the brand that has been „cut‟ fears that the retailer may be tempted to reduce the services on this article;but, even if he does not there is a danger that the customer becomes unsettled, and is unwilling to pay the „standard‟ price of the article because he feels that he is being „done‟.This may, and indeed often does, affect the reputation of the manufacturer and lose him his market in the long run.It is sometimes said also that the housewife—who is the principal buyer of most of these goods—prefers a fixed price because she knows where she is and is saved the bother of going from shop to shop in search of lower prices.If one shop cut all the prices of its branded goods she would undoubtedly have an advantage in shopping there.But this does not happen.A store usually lowers the price of one or two of its articles which act as a decoy and makes up its losses on others, and changes the cut-price articles from week to week so as to attract different groups of customers.And so the housewife may feel rather guilty if she does not spend time tracking down the cheaper goods.How far this is true is a matter of temperament and it is impossible to estimate what proportion of purchasers prefer a price that they can rely on wherever they choose to buy and what proportion enjoy the challenge involved in finding the store that offers them a bargain.Those who oppose Resale Price Maintenance on the other hand, point out that there are now a great many different channels of distribution—chain stores, department stores, co-operative stores, independent or unit shops, supermarkets, mail-order houses, and so on.It would be absurd to assume that all of them have exactly the same costs to meet in stocking and selling their goods, so why should they all sell at the same price? If they were allowed to choose for themselves, the more efficient retailers would sell at lower prices and consumers would benefit.As it is, the retail price must be sufficient to cover the costs of the less efficient avenues of distribution and this means the others make a bigger profit than necessary at the expense of the public.The supporters of the fixed price argue that this is only half the story.The efficient trader can still compete without lowering his prices.He can offer better service—long credit, or quick delivery or a pleasant shop decor or helpful assistants—and can do this without imperiling the long-term interests of the manufacturer.31.Manufactures oppose retailers cutting prices on their goods mainly because they think __________.A.retailers may eventually stop selling their products B.it may reduce customers‟ confidence in their products C.customers may feel uneasy when prices vary D.it may sometimes lead to poor service 32 Supporters of the fixed price hold that an efficient trader can still make money without lowering prices by __________.A.allowing customers time to pay B.hiring assistants for long hours and low wages C.advertising much more effectively D.establishing long-term relations with manufactures 33.By saying “He feels that he is being „done‟”, the author means that customer thinks__________.A.someone is despising him B.someone is maltreating him C.someone is blackmailing him D.someone is cheating him 34.“Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage? A.Good service other than price is important in attracting customers.B.An article without a brand name is not subject to Resale Price Maintenance.C.Manufactures attempt to influence possible purchasers by making their products easy to identify.D.Housewives prefer fixed prices because fixed prices are much less likely to fluctuate 35.The sentence “She knows where she is” in the third paragraph can be paraphrased as “__________”.A.She knows her place B.She knows her stuff C.She feels secure D.She feels intoxicated
(2)
He built a hut on a piece of rough land near a rock fall.In the wet season there was a plentiful stream, and over the years he encouraged the dry forest to surround him with a thick screen.The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside.In time Melio(not without some terrible mistakes)learnt how to live in spite of the difficulties up on that mountain shelf.His only neighbors were a family group of Parakana Indians who, for reasons known only to themselves, took a liking to Melio.Their Chief never looked closely at Melio and said to himself that this white man was as mad as a snake which chews off its own tail.The parakanas taught Melio to catch fish with the help of a wild plant which made them senseless in the stream.It gave off a powerful drug when shaken violently through the water.They showed him how to bunt by laying traps and digging.In time Melio‟s piece of land became a regular farm.He had wild birds, fat long-legged ones and thin nearly featherless chickens, and his corn and salted fish was enough to keep him stocked up through the wet season.The Parakanas were always around him.He‟d never admit it but he could feel that the trees were like the bars of a prison;they were watching him.It was as if he was there by courtesy of the Chief.When they came to him, the Indians never entered his house, with its steeply sloping roof of dried grass and leaves.They had a delicate way of behaving.They showed themselves by standing in the shade of the trees at the clearing‟s edge.He was expected to cross the chicken strip towards them.Then they had a curious but charming habit of taking a pace back from him, just one odd step backwards into their green corridors.Melio never could persuade them to come any closer.The group guessed at Melio‟s hatred for his civilized brothers in the towns far away.They knew Melio would never invite any more white men up here.This pleased the Parakanas.It meant that traders looking for robber and jewels would never reach them.Their Melio would see to that.They were safe with this man and his hatred.36.It is known from the passage that Melio wanted the forest around him to become thick because the dense leaves __________.A.reminded him of his house in the town far away
B.prevented the Parakanas from watching him C.helped him to forget the world he hated D.protected him from being intruded by the white men in the town 37.The Chief‟s comparison of Melio to a snake is intended to show that __________.A.he did not trust Melio B.it was unwise to go too close to Melio C.he believed Melio hated the Parakanas D.he thought Melio was out of his mind 38.Which of the following statements is NOT true? A.Melio stayed on his farm for a number of years.B.Melio felt like a prisoner because he couldn‟t escape being watched.C.Melio kept himself alive, during the rainy season by eating what he had in store.D.The Parakanas thought Melio lived there because he was looking for rubber and jewels.39.To Melio, the Parakana Indians seemed __________.A.odd but hateful B.strange but attractive C.unhealthy but friendly D.cowardly but sociable 40.It can be concluded from the passage that the place described by the author was __________.A.far removed from civilization B.impossible to cultivate C.the home of Melio‟s Indian relatives D.wet all the year round
(3)
When he was so far out that he could look back not only on the little bay but past the stretch of rock that was between it and the seashore, he floated on the warm surface and looked for his mother.There she was, a little yellow dot under an umbrella that looked like a piece of orange-skin.He swam back to shore, relieved at being sure she was there, but all at once very lonely.On the other side of the bay was a loose scattering of rocks.Above them, some boys were stripping off their clothes.They came running, their bodies bare, down to the rocks.Jerry swam towards them, and kept his distance a little way off.They were off that coast, all of them burned smooth dark brown, and speaking a language he did not understand.To be with them, of them, was a feeling that filled his whole body.He swam a little closer;they turned and watched him with narrowed, attentive dark eyes.Then one smiled and waved.It was enough.In a minute he had swum in and was on the rocks beside them, smiling with extreme nervousness.They shouted cheerful greetings at him, and then, as he preserved his nervous, puzzled smile, they understood that he was a foreigner who had wandered from his own part of the sands, and they promptly forgot him.But he was happy.He was with them.They began diving again and again from a high point into a well of blue sea between rough, pointed rocks.After they had dived and come up, they swam round, pulled themselves up, and waited their turn to dive again.They were big boys-men to Jerry.He dived, and they watched him, and when he swam round to take his place, they made way for him.He felt he was accepted and he dived again carefully proud of himself.Soon the biggest of the boys balanced himself, shot down into the water, and did not come up.The others stood about watching.Jerry, after waiting for the smooth brown head to appear, let out a cry of warning;they looked at him idly and turned their eyes back towards the water.After a long time, the boy came up on the other side of a big dark rock, letting the air escape suddenly from his lungs with much coughing and spitting, and giving a shout of satisfaction, immediately, the rest of them dived in.One moment the morning seemed full of boys as noisy as a crowd of monkeys;the next, the air and the surface of the water were empty.But through the heavy blue, dark shapes could be seen moving and searching.Jerry dived, shot past the school of underwater swimmers, saw a black wall of rock towering over him, touched it, and shop up at once to the surface, where the rock formed a low wall he could see across.There was no one in sight;under him, in the water, the shadowy shapes of the swimmers had disappeared.Then one and then another of the boys came up on the far side of the wall of rock, and he understood that they had swum through some gap or hole in it.He dived down again.He could see nothing through the stinging salt water but the solid rock.When he came up, the boys were all on the diving rock, preparing to attempt the trick again.And now, overcome with a sense of failure, he shouted up in English: “Look at me!Look!” and he began splashing and kicking in the water like a foolish dog.41.It can be concluded from the passage that __________.A.Jerry was not a good swimmer B.Jerry failed to gain acceptance by the other boys C.Jerry was on holiday abroad D.Jerry was not on good terms with his mother 42.The word “bare” in Paragraph 2 means__________.A.in disguise C.in the gutter B.in the limelight D.in the raw 43.At the beginning, Jerry was swimming__________.A.into the little bay B.too far out to see his mother C.near to the group of boys D.further out to see than the rock 44.What happened to the biggest boy? A.He had been trying to stay under water as long as possible.B.He had swum through a hole in the rock under the water.C.He had been trying to do the highest dive.D.He had played a trick on Jerry.45.Jerry splashed and kicked in the water because_________.A.he was pretending to be drowning B.he wanted to amuse all the other boys C.he hadn‟t been able to do what the other boys had done D.he wanted the other boys to listen to what he was saying
(4)
Peter Sellers wouldn‟t be allowed his career today.All those funny racial stereotypes—the caricatured frogs, wops, yids and goodness-gracious-me Pakis—are in clear breach of the codes of political correctness.His lewd disguises and overdone accents belong with black-and-white minstrel shows and clog-dancing—it‟s the comedy of yesteryear.Have you tried listening to The Goon Show lately? It is a reworking of The Gang Show, excruciatingly bad and dated, and full of explosions, gunfire and jokes about Hitler and the War.Nonetheless, Sellers continue to obsess people.He‟s already been the subject of biographies galore, including, back in 1994, a 1,200-page magnum opus by myself, which is now being turned into a biopic starring Geoffrey Rush.The appeal lies in the mythic dimensions of Sellers‟ story.He had everything and it wasn‟t enough.He was a comedian with a tragic inability to enjoy life.He was world-famous and desperately lonely.At the weight of his fame, as Inspector Clouseau, his eccentricity tipped over the edge into genuine insanity.He was a basket case.This is irresistible material.Sellers‟ subversive and immoderate behaviour puts him in a class of his own.Picture my disappointment with Ed Sikov‟s tome, therefore.Here‟s a thick book that tells us nothing new.For newcomers to Sellers, however, Mr.Strangelove is a perfect digest of the man‟s life and work, briskly told.Sellers was descended from a family of bare-knuckle East End prize-fighters, although his parents were music hall entertainers.His clinging whining mother, Peg, was a quick-change artiste and his father, Bill, was a ukulele player and soft-shoe-shuffle merchant.The young Peter was raised in the ghostly, twilight world of shabby theatres and end-of-the-pier revues: dog acts, acrobatic midgets, incompetent conjurors and gypsy violinists.To go from these origins and become as big as The Beatles, as he was in the Sixties, is an amazing feat.Sellers spent the Second World War in the Air Force, impersonating officers and playing the drums to entertain the troops.When he was demobbed he worked in holiday camps and began getting spots on radio, culminating in The Goon Show.He dubbed the voices of Churchill and Humphrey Bogart on film soundtracks, and it was while hanging about the studios that he was offered walk-on roles.His breakthrough came with the part of a teddy boy in The Ladykillers, a film that improves with each viewing.This led to the role of Fred Kite, the shaven-headed, belligerent shop steward in I‟m All Right, Jack which won him a British Academy Best Actor statuette.When Peter Ustinov dropped out of The Pink Panther on a Friday, Sellers flew to the set in Rome on Monday to replace him.The rest is history.Or notoriety.Sellers‟ descent into madness was swift.He got rid of his wife and children and chased after Britt Ekland, whom he pounced on in The Dorchester and married ten days later.He took drugs to enhance his potency, and this precipitated a heart attack.Having worked on Dr Strangelove during the day, each evening he locked himself in the bathroom and threatened to commit suicide.Bryan Forbes and Nanette Newman had to come over and talk to him trough the door.He then decided he wanted to marry Nanette.He also wanted to marry Sophia Loren, Princess Margaret and Liza Minnelli.His misbehavior and unprofessionalism cost film studios millions of dollars.Sets had to be repainted and costumes remade if they were purple or green-colors of which he was morbidly superstitious.He enjoyed messing about during filming and blowing his lines;he pulled guns on people.He walked off Casino Royale and was discovered in Britt Ekland‟s mother‟s house in Sweden.Meanwhile, Orson Welles and the rest of the cast were in full make-up and on full pay back at Pinewood, waiting for him to reappear.Sellers was happy only in the company of his gadgets, cameras and fast cars, which he‟d replace or abandon with manic frequency.At one of his weddings, the maids of honor were the bride‟s dogs.He was also selfish in the extreme: when his relationships broke up, he‟d send his henchmen round to retrieve his gifts.46.People are still obsessed with Peter Sellers because___________.A.he was a genius
B.he was as big as The Beatles
C.his life was full of drama and contradiction
D.he led a very austere life 47.By saying “He was a basket case”, the author means that Peter Sellers was___________.A.handicapped B.deranged C.impetuous D.callous 48.According to the passage, Peter Sellers took drugs to improve___________.A.his theatrical performance
B.his breathtaking performance
C.his walk-on roles on the stage
D.his performance sexually 49.The “galore” in paragraph 4 means ___________.A.numerous B.anecdotal
C.critical D.unauthorized 50.Peter Sellers can be described as__________.A.unpredictable but generous B.talented but unstable C.sane but selfish D.eccentric but reliable
Paper Two
Part Ⅲ Cloze(10%)Directions: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage.Write your answer on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.One of the major differences between man and his closest living relative is, of course, that the chimpanzee has not developed the power of speech.Even the most intensive efforts to teach young chimps to talk have met with 51
no success.Verbal language represents a truly gigantic step forward in man‟s 52.Chimpanzees do have a wide range of calls, and these certainly serve to convey some types of information.When a chimp finds good food he utters loud barks;other chimps 53
the vicinity instantly become aware of the food source and hurry to join in.An attacked chimpanzee screams and this may alert his mother or a friend, either of 54
may hurry to his aid.A chimpanzee confronted with an alarming and potentially dangerous situation utters his spine-chilling wraaaa-again, other chimps may hurry to the spot to see what is happening.A male chimpanzee, about to enter a valley or charge toward a food source, utters his pant-hoots and other individuals realize that another member of the group is arriving and can identify 55
one.To our human 56
each chimpanzee is characterized more by his pant-hoots than by any other type of call.This is significant since the pant-hoot in particular is the call that serves to maintain contact, between the separated groups of the community.Yet the chimps 57
can certainly recognize individuals by other calls;for instance a mother knows the scream of her offspring.Probably a chimpanzee can recognize the calls of most of his acquaintances.While chimpanzee calls 58
serve to convey basic information about some situations and individuals, they cannot for the most part be compared 59
a spoken language.Man by means of words can communicate abstract ideas;he can benefit from the experiences of others 60
having to be present at the time;he can make intelligent cooperative plans.Part Ⅳ
Translation(20%)Directions: Put the following passage into English.人类是一个不断的自然的进化过程的产物，其中包括无数次的遗传转化：这一不可阻挡的过程自45亿年前地球形成以来一直未曾间断过。这一进化过程，受环境因素的影响，经过随机突变，形成了更具适应性的系统，从而保证了其连续性。在动物世界，这导致了更高级物种的进化，并在人类身上达到了极致，因为人类已经获得了创新思维的能力。我认为这标志着进化进入了一个非常重要的阶段，使一个物种首次有能力掌握了自身命运。
创新思维能力的获得大大加速了自然进化的进程。它导致了人类文明诸多方面的巨大进步，如在艺术、文学、医学、技术上，在属于人类智慧扩展前沿的科学上尤其如此。然而，正是科学的这些进步使人类获得了自我毁灭的能力，导致了消灭人类自身的工具的发展。
Part V Writing(15%)Directions: There is a picture below.Look at it carefully and write a composition of about 250 words based on what it conveys.参考答案及解析
Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%)1.B 句意：虽然只是一个小买卖，但营业额却高的惊人。turn-over营业额。turn-up完全出人意料的结果。turn-about转向，倒转。turn-out聚集的人群，出席者，产量。2.C 句意：不幸的是，并不是所有的人都能得到自己应得的。desert（常用复数）应得的赏或罚。demand要求，需求，要求物。gain（常用复数）收益，利润；利益（的增加）；报酬，奖金。win（常用复数）赢得物，收益。3.A 句意：上个月我们有分歧的那份合同现在已通过了。go through（法律、方案等）被通过。go down被接受，受欢迎。go over（美国口语）大受欢迎，被接受。go around到处走动，传播。4.D 句意：结果证明维护两套房子是如此巨大的经济负担，他们不得不卖掉一套。upkeep（建筑物、设备等的）维护，维修费。upsurge急剧上升。upshot结果，结局。upturn情况好转。5.B 句意：在阁楼上搜寻一下，看能否找到什么东西到旧货市场上去卖。rummage翻找，搜寻。leash缚住，束缚。flutter摆动，烦扰。scrape刮，擦，削。jumble sale废旧杂货廉价拍卖。6.C 句意：来一杯橘子汁解渴。quench使缓和，满足。quash取消。quell用武力平息，镇压；使平静，安静。quieten安静，抚慰。7.D 句意：每当她看书的时候，孩子老是打扰她，所以她总是找不到自己读到哪个地方了。lose one’s place意为读书时“找不到读到哪儿”。8.D strap表带。belt腰带，带状物。string线，一串，字串。tie领带，鞋带，领结。9.C run褪色。flow流动，飘扬。escape逃跑，溜走。remove除去，迁移，开除。10.A sag（物价等的）下跌，经济萧条。tilt倾斜。droop（由于虚弱、疲乏或失去支持的）下垂，消沉。slump猛然落下，衰落。11.B flake使成片剥落。crumble破碎，崩溃，消失。disintegrate粉碎，分解，解体。splinter裂成碎片，分裂。12.C 句意：虽然假币愚弄了许多人，但是他们经不起仔细的检查。stand up to经得住。put up to告知，指点。keep up不低落，维持继续。look up to尊敬，敬仰。13.A wake the dead震耳欲聋。14.C make out开出（支票，账单等）。make up构成，编造，补偿，化妆。make for有助于。make off离开，逃走。15.A curator（博物馆、美术馆、图书馆的）馆长。bursar（大学、寺院等的）财务主管。commissioner委员，行政长官。steward乘务员，（饭店、俱乐部等的）管理人。16.B acquit宣判（某人）无罪，无罪释放，指因缺乏充分的证据或未构成犯罪事实而免于对某人起诉或指控。absolve赦免，指依据法律程序免除有罪者的责任或惩罚。pardon赦免，免于治罪。execute处以极刑。17.C come into继承，获得，尤指遗产。come by得到，获得。come over过来，抓住。come through经历，脱险。18.C squalor肮脏，邋遢。decay腐烂，腐朽，衰退。contamination污染，玷污。confinement限制，监禁。19.D regain上涨（VOA经济报导中用语）。recover恢复，复原，痊愈。recuperate恢复健康，挽回损失。retrieve（打猎）找回猎物。20.B ingratiate oneself with sb.讨好某人。placate抚慰，使和解。remunerate给予报酬，赔偿。21.C 在lest引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。22.D recede退，后退。reverse颠倒，逆转，倒退。retire退休，撤退。return返回。23.B 句意：教育政策都是历届政府官员临时制定的，这是师德低下的主要原因。on the hoof即兴的，临时凑成的，毫无准备的。24.D 句意：他踉踉跄跄地沿着街道走来，很明显喝多了。stagger（因负重、虚弱、醉酒等）蹒跚，摇晃。hobble跛行，蹒跚。toddle（老人或小孩走路时）蹒跚。lope（人）迈着大步走。25.C 句意：作为朋友，他很慷慨；但作为商人，却很苛刻。drive a hard bargain（在某事上极力讨价还价），坚持苛刻的条件。26.B station驻扎，派驻。place放置，安置。deport驱逐，流放。exorcize驱逐，去除（坏念头等）。27.A 句意：在煤矿区，土地易于下陷，给道路和建筑带来损坏。subside下陷。diminish减少，变小。confiscate没收，征用。cede放弃（权利），割让，移交。28.A 句意：当猫卧着睡着了做着梦的时候，它的胡须在抽动。twitch抽动。twist扭曲，扭动。jerk颠簸，抽搐，猛推。jog颠簸着移动，慢跑。29.C 上个月慈善舞会的收入远远超过了我们的期待。proceeds（从事某种买卖、贸易等的）收入。acquisitions获得，所获之物。earnings工资，报酬。subsidy补助金，津贴。30.D 句意：虽然新上任的经理有很多困难要克服，但是他却轻易地应付了。take sth.in one’s stride轻而易举地解决某事，从容处理。tackle应付（难事等）。overlook忽略，监督。obtain获得，得到。Part II Reading Comprehension(40%)
(1)
31.B 第二段倒数第二句The manufacturer of the brand that has been ‘cut’ fears that„because he feels that he is being ‘done’。制造商害怕零售商降低对减价商品提供的服务，即使这种情况不会发生，也存在另一风险：顾客将变的犹豫不决，不乐意为商品支付正常的价格，因为总感觉自己买贵了。文章并未提及选项A。选项C指出，当价格变化时，顾客可能感到不安。选项D指出，这有时候会导致劣质的服务，但这不是主要原因。32.A 根据文章最后一段最后一句可知，效率高的商人可以通过提供更好的服务，包括长期信用证„。
33.D 由文章第二段倒数第二句可知，因为零售商有时候会减价，所以顾客不愿意支付正常的价格，担心买贵或上当受骗。despise轻视，蔑视。maltreat虐待。blackmail向„敲诈，威胁。34.D 根据倒数第二段最后一句，这里指出无法确定有多少家庭主妇喜欢购买固定价格的商品，又有多少家庭主妇喜欢一家一家地寻找最低价格，所以选项D的说法片面。35.C know one’s place知道自己的地位。know one’s stuff精通自己的业务。intoxicated喝醉的，极其兴奋的。这里说的是，因为价格都是固定的，所以家庭主妇省去了一家一家比较价格的麻烦，这样购买某件商品时就不会有担心买贵的忧虑。
(2)
36.C 从文章第一段第三句The greener it became the easier it was to forget the outside森林越茂密，他就越容易忘记外面的世界，可见答案为选项C。选项A正好与Melio的意图相反。选项D文章并未提及，只在结尾处提到Melio从不邀请白人去他那儿。37.B 文章第二段第二句提到the Chief never looked closely at Melio，所以答案为选项B。文中并未提及他不信任Melio，以及他认为Melio讨厌Parakanas，他以为Melio精神错乱。38.D 文章最后一段第四句提到traders looking for robber and jewels would never reach them，并没有提及Melio寻找rubber和jewels。选项A参见第二段的倒数第二句。选项B参见第三段的第二句。选项C参见第二段的倒数第一句。39.B 从文章第三段倒数第二句they had a curious but charming„，可知答案为选项B。文中并没有提到他们是可恨的、不健康的或是胆小的。40.A 文章第二段结尾提到Melio的土地成了一个农场，他还种植了玉米，所以选项B错误。另外文章并没有提及Melio的印度亲戚，那些人只是他的邻居。根据文章第二段结尾his corn and salted fish was enough to keep him stocked up through the wet season，我们可以看出这个地方不是终年潮湿。
(3)
41.B 从后面跳水时那些男孩跟他搞恶作剧可以看出他们并没有接受他，所以答案为选项B。选项A，文章开始提到他游到了足够远的地方，可见他游泳并不差。文中并未提及Jerry在度假以及他与母亲之间的关系。42.D 第二段第二句some boys were stripping off their clothes一些男孩脱了衣服，说明他们是裸体的，所以答案为选项D，in the raw处于自然状态的，裸体的。in disguise伪装，乔装。in the gutter醉倒在水沟里，沉溺于淫秽生活中，名誉扫地。in the limelight处于显要地位。43.D 文章开头提到When he was so far out that he could look back not only on the little bay“当他游到足够远的地方，回头望时不仅看到了那小小的海湾，而不是他游向小海湾”，所以选项A错误。第一段同样提到he floated on the warm surface and looked for his mother.There she was„可见他还是可以看到他的母亲，只是很小很小而已，从而排除选项B。第二段开头提到On the other side of the bay„some boys were stripping off their clothes那群男孩在海湾的另一边，可以排除选项C。44.B 文章最后一段中间部分提到and he understood that they had swum through some gap or hole in it“他明白了他们是从一个沟或洞里游过去的”。45.B 通过文章内容可知，Jerry很想融入到那群小男孩之中，在被戏弄之后，最后一段结尾部分提到Jerry overcome with a sense of failure“他沉浸在失败的惶恐之中”，然后“他开始在水中连拍带踢，就像一条笨狗一样”，由此我们推断Jerry这样做是为了取悦于那群孩子，引起他们的注意，故B项为正确答案。
(4)
46.C 文章第五段第一句The appeal lies in the mythic dimensions of Sellers’ story.魅力就在于Sellers的故事童话般的维度。选项B在第六段的结尾提到过，但这不是人们仍然着迷于Peter的原因。虽然文章后面提到他的生长环境，他的成就十分惊人，但并没有说这是今天人们仍然迷恋他的原因。文章倒数第三段一开始提到his misbehavior品行不端，所以可以排除选项D。47.B 文中该句前面提到his eccentricity tipped over the edge into genuine insanity他的古怪使他精神错乱了。deranged疯狂的，精神错乱的。handicapped残疾的。impetuous鲁莽的。callous无情的，坚硬的。48.D 文章倒数第四段提到He took drugs to enhance his potency，potency（男子的）性交能力。49.A 文中第四段提到人们仍然很为Sellers所着迷。他已经成了自传的题材，早在1994年，就已包括1200页的杰作。numerous为数众多的。anecdotal轶事的，趣闻的。critical决定性的，挑剔的。unauthorized未经授权的。50.B 文章最后一段结尾处提到，一段关系结束之后，他会派心腹去索要礼物，可以看出他并不慷慨，所以可以排除选项A。第五段结尾处提到他精神错乱genuine insanity，可以排除选项C。倒数第四段提到他抛妻弃子，追随其他女人，并且不止一个，可以看出他不是一个可靠的人，从而排除选项D。
Paper Two
Part Ⅲ Cloze(10%)51.almost 这里需要一个表示程度的副词。一些科学家曾成功地训练黑猩猩使用复杂的手势或辅助工具交流信息，但无论怎样训练，这些人类的远亲始终只能发出少数单词的音，可见并不是完全不成功。52.evolution 进化。语言在人类的进化过程中是一个巨大的进步。53.in in the vicinity在附近。当一只猩猩找到食物时，它会大叫，附近的其他猩猩马上就会意识到有食物而加入它。54.whom whom引导非限制性定语从句，这里指它的母亲或朋友，其中之一很快会去帮助它。55.which 当一个雄猩猩要进入一个峡谷或迈向某个食物来源时，它会发出一种声音，其它个体就会意识到群体的另一个成员也来了，并能辨别出是哪个成员。56.ears 这里提到的都是猩猩发出的声音，因而是针对人类的耳朵说的。57.themselves 猩猩它们自己当然可以通过其他呼声辨别出单个个体。58.do 这里do起了强调的作用，虽然猩猩的呼声的确可以传递基本的信息，绝大多数情况下它们都不能跟口语相提并论。59.to be compared to比作。60.without 前面提到人类可以用语言传递抽象的思想观念，可以在别人不在场的时候受益于他的经历。Part Ⅳ Translation(20%)Mankind is a product of constant and natural evolutionary processes including innumerable genetic transformations.This irresistible process has never stopped since the Earth was formed 4.5 billion years ago.Subjected to the influence of the environmental factors, this evolutionary process has become a more adaptable system through random mutations and consequently guarantees its continuity.In the animal world, this has brought about the evolution of the more advanced species and reached the acme in the human being because mankind has acquired the ability of originative thinking.I think this marks that evolution has stepped into a crucial phase in which a species is capable of mastering his own destiny for the first time.The acquisition of the ability of originative thinking has tremendously expedited the courses of natural evolution.It has given rise to the great progress in many aspects of human civilization such as art, literature, medicine and technology, in particular in the science of human wisdom widening front.However, it is exactly those progresses that make mankind acquire the ability of self-destruction, leading to the development of tools killing mankind.Part V Writing(15%)
Which is heavier, 59 points or 99 points?
Holding the paper of 99 points in her hand, the woman wears an angry expression and almost flares up.On the contrary, when the man finds that his child obtains 59 points, instead of being extremely irritated;his face is wreathed in smiles, displaying gratification and satisfaction.Anyhow, it is only one point to passing the examination.However, it seems that 99 points carries less weight in the woman‟s heart than 59 points in the man‟s.This picture reflects two completely different ways of envisioning things: the former is very insatiable and pessimistic, while the latter is content and optimistic.We can see this kind of phenomenon exists in our life.Although the proverb “content is better than riches” is discussed and advocated frequently, many of us are just unable to do so.When they acquire 99 points, they want the full mark.To them, 99 points is still imperfect.As a result, they are always not pleased because nothing is enough in their mind and there are always numerous things to pursue.However, there exist also those easy to satisfy.Even if what they receive is less than what other people get, they seem happier.It is because they know they should be content with their lot in an appropriate way.On the one hand, we should not always be content with our current situation and take things as they come, in which case we may get too easy to be satisfied and have no yearning and ambition at all.On the other hand, we should properly master the time and the extent for us to be satisfied.It is unwise to be dissatisfied with everything we get.Otherwise, we will always be far away from happiness.Since it is impossible for us to get all, we might as well learn to appreciate what we already have and strive for what we desire in a delightful mood.本文来自: 经济学家论坛 详细出处请参考:http://bbs.jjxj.org/viewthread.php?tid=104330&fromuid=277509
第二篇：2014年复旦大学博士研究生招生简章
2014年复旦大学博士研究生招生简章
发布日期：2013-09-16
一、培养目标
培养德、智、体全面发展，在本门学科上掌握坚实的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识、具有独立从事科学研究工作的能力，在科学和专门技术上做出创造性成果的高级专门人才。
二、招生规模
本我校拟招收博士研究生1300名左右（含直接攻博生、本校硕-博连读生和公开招考人数），录取时将视生源状况和学校发展需要适当调整招生名额。
三、报考条件
1、中华人民共和国公民。
2、拥护中国共产党的领导，愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务，品德良好，遵纪守法；
3、已获得硕士学位的在职人员、应届硕士毕业生（最迟须在入学前取得硕士学位）；
4、对以同等学力身份报考的人员，还必须同时具备下列条件：
① 获得学士学位后在所报考学科专业领域内工作六年或六年以上，并达到与硕士毕业生同等学力的人员；我校部分学科、专业（如哲学）不接受同等学力考生报考，具体参见《复旦大学2014年博士研究生招生专业目录》相关院系备注栏。
② 已修完至少5门所报考学科专业的硕士学位课程且成绩合格（须提供授课单位的成绩证明）；
③ 已在所报考的学科或相近的研究领域，以第一或第二作者（完成人）身份在国内外核心期刊上至少发表过1篇学术论文，或获得过省部级以上科研成果奖（排名前五名）。
5、只有学位证书而无毕业证书的考生，在资格审查时必须已获得硕士学位证书，否则按同等学力对待；
6、考生持境外获得的学位证书报考，须通过“教育部留学服务中心”认证，资格审查时须提交认证报告；
7、身体健康状况符合国家规定的体检标准（同高考体检标准）；
8、须有两名与报考学科专业有关的教授（或相当职称）的专家推荐；
9、考生须承诺学历、学位证书和考试身份的真实性，一经招生单位或认证部门查证为不属实，即取消学习资格。
四、报名时间及方式
2013年12月1日至31日，在复旦大学研究生招生网报名（网址：
http://）
五、报名注意事项及资格审查
1、考生网上报名时必须按要求认真填写报考信息，上传所需要的报考材料和近期一寸正面免冠照片，并牢记自己的报名号和密码。上传材料具体详见《复旦大学2014年招收攻读博士学位研究生简章》或《复旦大学部分院系2014年博士研究生招生选拔办法》及《复旦大学上海医学院2014年博士研究生招生选拔办法》。
2、完成网上报名后，应于复试时或按所报考院系要求将报名表格、学位证书及有关奖励证书等复印件一并寄（送）至所报考院系研究生工作办公室，逾期或所交材料不全者，按放弃处理。报名费（250元）在网上报名时一并予以支付。
3、公开招考考生须携带第二代居民身份证和学生证（或硕士学位证书）原件（同等学力和境外学历获得者须按报考条件要求带齐相关证明材料原件），于复试时在所报考院系办理资格审查手续，资格审查通过后，方可参加复试。
六、考试
1、初试时间：2014年3月8日至9日。地点：复旦大学（上海市邯郸路220号）。
2、初试科目：外语、两门业务课（均为笔试，每科考试时间为3小时，具体考试科目详见招生专业目录）。
3、复试：根据初试成绩和报考材料的审核结果，择优确定各学科专业差额复试名单。复试时间、地点由所报考院系另行通知。
4、同等学力考生加试科目：① 政治（文科类考生加试马克思主义著作选读，理、工、医科类考生加试自然辩证法），加试时间为2014年3月9日下午；② 两门硕士学位主干课程，加试时间、地点由所报考院系另行通知。加试科目均为笔试，每科考试时间为3小时。
七、录取
根据考生的入学考试成绩、思想政治表现、业务素质和科研创新能力等择优录取。复试不及格考生不予录取。
八、招生改革说明
（一）按照国家规定，我校从2014年秋季起，依据“新生新办法、老生老办法”的原则，全面实行研究生教育收费制度。博士生学费标准每生每年1万元，按学年收取。2014年秋季学期前入学、并按规定实行收费政策的博士生（委托培养和自筹经费博士生），缴费标准仍按现行学费标准。各类博士生的具体学费标准请关注我校财务处网站收费公示（热忱欢迎优秀学子报考复旦大学2014年博士研究生
第三篇：复旦大学博士研究生入学考试试题
复旦大学——文史哲综合2004年博士研究生入学考试试题
04复旦考博入学试题——文史哲综合 名词解释（6*5）：
魔幻现实主义；类书；玄言诗；“形而上”；词汇学；？
填空（10*1’）：
[古今中外都有，难度不大，关键是范围广，不易复习，感觉只能靠平时积累] 选择（15*1’）：
[感觉与填空差不多，如1969诺贝尔文学奖获得者是哪一位？] 论述（8题选三，3*15’）：
1、请对儒家的几个代表人物的思想说说你的看法及其现实意义；
2、谈谈人文学科对于科技和经济的导向作用；
3、试述“垮掉的一代”创作思潮的特点及其对于中国青年文学的影响；
4、乾嘉学派在文献整理方面的成就；
5、民族和国家的文化交流对古代文学的影响；
复旦大学——文史哲专业2003年博士研究生入学考试试题
2003复旦博士入学中文系、古籍所各专业文史哲试卷题目
该卷适用于古代文学、文艺理论、比较文学、现当代文学、语言学、中国古典文献学等六个方向。
一、名词解释：（6*5=30分）
相对真理 文字 资治通鉴 新感觉派 五经 元杂剧
二、填空（1*15=15分）
1、反映论是----的认识论。
2、意识和物质的相互关系体现人的-------。
3、《文赋》和《诗品》作者
4、乾嘉学派发生年代
5。同光体发生年代
6。三言是指
7。甲骨文以前的成体系文字是------
8。----是语言的最小单位。
9。梅希金是陀斯妥耶夫斯基-------中的主角。
10。卡来班是莎士比亚-------中的主角。
11。汉语和藏语属于汉藏语系。
12。前四史是指
三。选择（1*10=10分）
1。偶然性和必然性的关系
2。词汇的定义是
3。古代文字的表意性
4。黄巾起义确切年代
5。《通典》作者
6。哪部是巴金作品
7。王立发是----的主人公。
8。《等待戈多》主人公 9。一种现象引起另一种现象，这是---关系。
四。问答（任选3题，每题15分）
1。为什么文字是记录语言的工具？
2。目录版本对古代文学研究的重要性。
3。古代文学史文学和政治的关系
4。左拉自然主义小说特征。
5。沈从文湘西题材小说的美学特征。
6。谈谈文学创作中再现、表现与想象力的关系。
第四篇：复旦大学2018新闻学博士试题
复旦大学2018新闻学博士试题（考场回忆）
【第一天下午】
新闻传播理论与历史 2242 一 “后真相时代”新闻业的坚守与创新
二 开风气、合大群:晚清维新报刊的媒介学考察 三 以新技术传播条件下的传播反思为题，作文
给了两个资料，凯瑞和麦夸尔的，说媒介和现实关系及研究路径。具体的材料没时间抄。
【第二天上午】
新闻实务 3380
一、问答题2x20分
1.回答邹韬奋《萍踪寄语》的内容，写作特点 2.回答周恩来对张季鸾实事求是的评价 二分析题 30分
分析融合媒体之下中国媒体内容生产的新变化 三 操作题 30分
写评论。给要求是引用了十九大中国主要矛盾新提法的原文，要求写新闻评论，2000字以内
英语和往年差不多，汉译英20，哲理类的“轻文本”，讲独处的好处，有中国古文英语谚语，翻好不易。作文和往年一样，学术内容，要求说说同行评议的影响。
专业课新闻实务竟然和15年有人回忆的文本一样，有史论内容，而且都是黄瑚一辈人爱搞的民国著名新闻人。15是长江，今年韬奋张季鸾。。
依然有评论题。不过这题目明显是写官体社论。
可对照一下网上的2015回忆版真题（本着分享精神，相信作者会同意使用）
复旦新闻学2015博士入学考试题
新闻传播与史论（回忆版）
1、试述互联网和中国新闻事业这20年来的改革变迁
2、论传播、技术、人和信息生产方式的变迁
3、共和报刊：试论民初“报律案”和“葵酉报灾”的深层启示
复旦新闻学2015博士入学考试题 新闻实务（回忆版）
1、试述新闻采访权20分
2、范长江20分
3、新媒体传播众包模式
4、新闻评论写作一篇
第五篇：博士入学专家推荐信
推荐信一：
对考生思想品德、道德修养方面的介绍：
该同志拥护中国共产党的领导，思想上要求上进，认真学习马列主义，毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”的思想，该同志品行端正，尊敬师长、团结同学，为人诚恳，积极参加各项公益活动，有较强的社会责任感和正义感，在各项公益活动中表现较强的奉献精神和自我牺牲精神。该同志心理成熟、健康，有较强的自我心理调节能力。
对考生业务水平，外国语水平，科研能力的介绍：
该同志在校学习期间学习刻苦，成绩优秀，具有扎实的基础理论知识和广泛的专业知识；英语水平达到国家六级，具有较强的听、说、读、写、译能力；该生参加了部分科研项目的工作，具有独立分析问题和解决问题的能力，表现出较强的科研能力，并发表了几篇学术论文。
从硕士生学习阶段和考生从事科研工作的情况看，该考生有无继续培养的前途，对考生报考博士生的意见：
该同志在硕士期间学习成绩优秀，进一步深化了专业理论知识的学习，具备了较为完善的知识结构和理论水平。在科学研究工作中，该同学表现出较强的科学精神，有较突出的学术能力和学术素质。在科学实践中，培养和提高了从事科学研究的能力和水平。参加了多项科学研究课题，较好地完成了研究任务，撰写有一定学术价值的学术论文，反映出该生具有较高的业务水平和科研能力。该同志有较强的进取心，有强烈的进一步深造和提高的要求。该同志对贵单位的研究方向有浓厚的兴趣，衷心希望能够在贵单位得到更大的发展。鉴于该同志的综合素质和能力，且本人有进一步深造的强烈要求，特推荐王森林同志报考贵单位博士研究生。
推荐信二：
对考生思想品德、道德修养方面的介绍：
该同志热心于教育事业，热爱祖国，关注社会发展，具备优良的思想品德，团结友善，学习勤奋，工作认真，具有良好的道德修养和良好的组织协调能力和合作精神。该同志积极投身于科学研究，态度严谨，致力于创新的科学态度。
对考生业务水平，外国语水平，科研能力的介绍：
该同志英语过六级，能熟练使用英语阅读和交流，在读书期间曾大量阅读英文论著。该同志本科出身于政治学与行政学专业，硕士研究生学习期间攻读思想政治教育专业，知识广泛，基础更开阔，在学习中奠定了扎实的理论基础和相对丰富的学识。该同志具有独立研究问题的能力，能开创性的解决一些问题，提出问题的解决方案，不断地提高自己的独立钻研问题的能力。
从硕士生学习阶段和考生从事科研工作的情况看，该考生有无继续培养的前途，对考生报考博士生的意见：
该同志经过硕士阶段的训练，该生已经具备扎实的专业基础，业务熟练。出色的完成了硕士课题任务，已经比较熟练的掌握了马克思主义理论的研究方法。并对中国特色社会主义公平正义思想等方面有较深入的思考。
该同志对新事物具有很强的敏感性，具有良好的探索精神。作风严谨、踏实，反应快，个性坚韧。热爱科专业，对科研工作有浓厚的兴趣。
该同志有较强的进取心，有强烈的进一步深造和提高的要求。本人相信若该同志能进一步深造，其潜力必能得到相当程度的激发，在此，本人愿毫无保留推荐同学进入贵单位攻读博士学位。
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