第一篇:全面介绍西餐礼仪英文版(中英对照)
全面介绍西餐礼仪英文版
Eating in American(I)中国菜着重色、香、味,西餐讲究实惠。初到美国餐馆用餐,应该注意如下事项:1)选择合适的餐馆(如:家庭式餐馆、特色餐馆以及自助式餐馆等);2)餐馆营业时间(上午11:30开门营业,直到夜晚);3)一般都应事先预订餐位:4)到达餐馆后,不能径直地到餐桌旁入桌,除非餐厅有“随意就坐”的告示;5)付款时,别忘了留给服务员一定比例的小费(一般为实际总额的10%~15%)。Eating out is one of the joy of being in the USA.The food is usually good and often excellent;the prices are reasonable;and the service is mostly fine.Choosing a Restaurant 选择餐馆 Some restaurants are open for breakfast;others are open twenty-four hours a day.A number of restaurants call themselves “family restaurants”.Many of these serve no alcohol and have fairly restricted menus which include steaks,hamburgers,omelettes(炒蛋)and sandwiches,and all are at very reasonable prices.They may also serve smaller and cheaper children's portios(份餐).Note that many American restaurants are “speciatly”restaurants.They may serve only,or mainly ,steaks ,seafood,etc.When to Eat 供餐时间 Many restaurants,especially the more expensive ones,open at about 11:30a.m.(midday,rather than 1p.m.,is the most normal time for lunch in the USA),and some remain open until the evening,so it is possible to order a meal throughout the afternoon.In many areas it is usual for people to leave work and go out for an evening meal at 5p.m.or 6p.m.,than waiting until later.Reserving a Table 预订餐位 Eating out is rather popular in the USA.And it is often necessary to make a reservation.You will sometimes see short queues of people waiting for tables at restaurants-it's more pleasant to wait in the bar ,of course,if there is one-but there queues more quickly.Arriving at Restaurant 到达餐馆 When you arrive at most restaurant,you should not just go in and sit down-unless you see a sign saying “Please seat yourself”.Usually you will have to wait for a “hostess”or “captain”(领班)to escort(陪同)you to a table.Often there will be a sign that reads “Please wait to be seated”.Do not expect to share a table with other parties,even if the restaurant is crowed.It just isn't done.Many restaurant have a no-smoking section,in some place by lows.One excellent American custom is that after you have sat down your waiter or waitress will often bring you a glass or water(with ice naturally)and will keep on refilling it throughout the meal.(Most American are incapable of eating a meal without drinking something at the same time.)When your waiter or waitress takes your order,it is not very normal for one person to order for the whole table.Each person orders separately ,except in the most expensive restaurants.Summoning a waiter 召唤侍者 You may find your waiter unusually friendly.He may ask you how you are(You're supposed just to say “Fine”),inquire whether you have a good day and ,later on say that he hopes you will enjoy your meal.To summon a waiter in a American restaurant you may call “Bill”,or “Mary”,or “Claude”,or whatever.Waiters and waitresses often actually introduce themselves when they first come to your table or wear name tags,you are permitted to use their first names.Paying the Bill 付款 The bill(often called the “check”)comes usually with tax added but no service chare-though some restaurant do now add a service charge.The etiquette(规矩)books say that you should leave a ten per cent tip(小费)for lunch,fifteen per cent for dinner.The tip should be calculated on the basis of the total before the addition of tax.At many restaurant you can ask the waiter to bring the bill and than pay at a cash desk on the way out.Eating in American(II)
美国人吃饭用刀叉,而且他们的用餐方式是很有讲究的。因此,在应邀与美国朋友一起吃饭时,应特别注意他们的用餐习惯。一般情况下,餐桌上摆放有一幅餐刀和两幅餐叉,外边的餐叉供你吃色拉,里边的餐叉用于吃主食和其它点心食品,餐刀用来切肉食。如果你两手并用,应左手握叉,右手握刀,而且一次握刀时间不能太长。美国人的早餐有:炒或煮鸡蛋、香肠、油炸土豆片、薄煎饼、果子冻、烤面包、松饼、桔子汁以及咖啡等。
Eating Custom and Practice 用餐习惯 American eating is funny.They eat almost everything with a fork,and it appears that holding a knife in one's right hand longer than a few seconds is considered to be against good table manners.The system is that if it is absolutely necessary to use a knife,people take the fork in their left hand,and cut off a piece of meat or whatever it is in the normal manner.Then they put the knife down,transfer the fork to their right hand,and only then do they transport the food to their mouth.This is clearly ludicrous(滑稽可笑),but it is considered good manners.There are several results of this system.First,if it is not absolutely necessary to use a knife,Americans don't use one,because obviously this greatly complicates(使复杂化)things,and you will therefore see them trying to cut things like potatoes,fish and even bacon(熏猪肉)with a fork.Second,towards the end of a course,since only one implement(器具)is being used,food has to bo chased around the plate with the fork —and for the last mouthful the thumb has to be used to keep the food in place,although one is not supposed to do this.Third,tables are generally laid with one knife and two forks,the outside fork being for the salad.There is no need for foreign visitors to follow the American system and try to eat the salad with only a fork,but if you do use your knife,remerber to save it for the meat course.Even desserts(甜食)(except ice cream)are eaten with a fork if at all possible,and the spoon you see by your dessert is meant to be for coffee(but if you use it for your dessert no one will say anything).Some Breakfast Dishes 早餐食谱 Breakfast in a restaurant is a very enjoyable experience.If you order eggs in a restaurant,the waiter/waitress will ask you how you want them.You can reply that you want them “scrambled(炒)”or “boiled”.It is not sufficient,however,to ask for them “fried”you will have to specify whether you would prefer them “sunny-side-up”(煎一面),“over”(两面煎),“over-easy/easy-over”(两面煎,但蛋黄仍然呈流体状).American sausage(香肠)comes in slices and is quite spicy.But you can also have link sausage.American bacon comes in small strips,can be rather fat,and is served crispy.It is usually very tasty,and you can eat it with your fingers.“Hash brows”(油炸土豆片)are shredded(切成碎片的)and fried potatoes.They are wonderful,especially with fried eggs and ketchup(蕃茄酱).“Pancakes”(薄煎饼),sometimes called “hot cakes”,are made with baking power.They are normally served in a pile,and you are supposed to put butter and syrup(果浆)on them.“Jelly”(果子冻)is jam and includes grape jelly,which is very tasty.Toast is often served already buttered.“English muffins(松饼)”are like small crumpets(烤饼)without the holes and are served toasted.You put jam on them.A “biscuit”(软饼)is a snall,scone-like bread roll,often served hot.Orange juice and coffer are often serced with breakfast.Eating in American(III)
美国人吃午餐和吃晚餐之前通常要喝点鸡尾酒,但在加利福尼亚州,人们大都喝葡萄酒。吃主食之前,一般都要吃一盘色拉。炸磨茹和炸洋葱圈可作为开胃食品,牛排、猪排和鸡(腿)为主食,龙虾、贝壳类动物以及各种鱼类甚至包括淡水鱼被统称为海鲜。炸土豆条是深受人们喜爱而且几乎成了必不可少的食物。另外应特别注意的一点,如有吃剩的食物,一定要打包带回家,以免浪费。
Cocktail 鸡尾酒 It is quite usual to drink cocktails before lunch and dinner in America and somewhat less usual,except in California,to drink wine with a meal.You can either have a cocktail in the bar,if there is one,while you wait for a table or for friends,or you can have one served before your dinner comes.At some restaurants the waiter/waitress will come to your table as soon as you sit down to ask if you want a cocktail,and you can then drink this while deciding what to order to eat.At others,there may be a separate cocktail waiter or waitress.In this case,you do not normally order wine from him or her but from the normal waiter-or the wine waiter is there is one.Do not hesitate to order Californian wines.They can be excellent and in many parts of the country are cheap.Salad 色拉 It is usual to have a salad with your meal,and a separate plate is provided for this purpose.The normal practice in America is to eat the salad before the main course.A wonderful American invention is the salad bar.In restaurants that have these salad bars the waiter does not bring your salad.You go to the salad bar and help yourself,usually to as much as you want.This is normally done after you have ordered your meal;you eat the salad while the main course is being cooked.Choosing from the Menu 选菜 American menus can look rather confusing at first sight,for they may use some terms which are unfamiliar to most vistors.Here are some points which may be useful.Fried mushrooms,fried onion rings(洋葱圈)and fried zucchini(小胡瓜)are sometimes served as starters(第一道菜).Potatoes most often come “French-fried”or baked.If you order a baked potato,the waiter will ask you what you want on it.The choice is butter and/or sour cream and sometimes chives(细香葱).Very often vegetables do not come automatically with the meal,and you have to pay extra for them.“Scrod”(小鳕鱼),“red snapper”(啮龟)and “mahi hahi”are all name of fish.“Seafood”means lobster(龙虾),shellfish and fish,including,funnily enough,freshwater fish!Prawns(对虾)are known as “shrimp”.American beef is usually good and often wonderful.American salt and pepper(糊椒粉)pots are confusing until you realize that the salt pot may look like a pepper pot except that the salt pot's holes are bigger.Pepper is normally black rather than white.American mustard(芥末)is mild and normally eaten with hot dogs or hamburgers rather than meat.And that stuff in a dish that looks ice cream is actually whipped(搅拌过的)butter.Leftovers 吃剩的食物 You have probably heard that in American restaurants,if you can't finish your meal,you can put the remains in a “doggy bag”and take them home.This is quite true.If you leave some meat,in particular,your waiter may ask you if you'd like him to put it into “a little bag”,or you can ask him to do this.
第二篇:西餐的礼仪介绍
导语:今天的西餐对于我们中国来说早已不再陌生。西餐与中餐相比,西餐礼仪相对的繁琐复杂,掌握好西餐礼仪是个人文化。以下是小编为大家整理分享的西餐礼仪西餐的礼仪介绍,欢迎阅读参考。
西餐的礼仪介绍
这面就介绍一些西餐礼仪的基本知识:
使用刀叉
如在用餐时要放下刀叉,应将其放在盘子两边,刀与叉子头向内。
如用完了餐(即使盘中仍有剩余食物),应把刀叉平行斜放入盘中,叉齿朝下。叉离自己近、刀离自己远。
在将盘中食物推到叉上去时,应使用面包,而不要用刀去推。
不要始终拿着刀,也不要刀朝上。而要在切好食物后,便放下刀,让刀放在盘子平行的右侧,然后使用叉吃。
注意,如果不知该怎么正确使用刀叉时,就看别人如何做,依样画葫芦。
在有许多刀叉排列在桌上时,使用规则也是每次使用最外侧的刀与叉。
在使用刀时,应刀刃向下、食指按在刀脊上切割。
选用酒杯
如果你面前放着四个杯子,不要随便拿起哪只就用。要知道其中的区分。
大杯用于盛水,人们不用它来干杯。因此,干杯时不能举这个大杯。
中杯用于盛红葡萄酒。小杯用于盛白葡萄酒。细长杯子用来盛香槟酒。
食用面包
将面包放在自己左面小盘中。在食用面包时,是不用刀去切割面包的,而是用手撕下一块一块面包,然后再放入嘴中。因此,人们也不用嘴去直接咬面包,除非是三明治。
如果要将黄油涂上面包,应是用手一块块撕下面包,然后一小块一小块涂。不要一下子将整个面包涂满。当然在早餐时,可以在一长条半片棍子面包上涂上黄油、果酱。但在正餐中就不能这样了。
饮酒、水、饮料时应注意事项
在饮用杯中物时,应先将口中咀嚼物咽下,然后将刀、叉在盘中放成八字形或交叉,再用餐巾纸将嘴唇擦拭干净。然后再喝酒、水等。
在喝酒、水等时,中国人习惯举杯仰头痛饮,一口喝光。而在西方这却恰恰是应避免的。最文明的方式在西方是头保持平直、一口口啜饮。喝到底时,杯中总还是留一点酒。
在喝饮料、汤、酒、水等时,不要用嘴唇吸出声音来,而应一口一口地轻轻喝。
在祝酒时,总是由主人或是地位、身份最高者倡议。
在握杯时,应一手抓满杯子,不要在擎杯时翘起小指或其它手指。
其他一些注意事项
除了用手撕面包吃外,其它食物都用刀、叉、匙子来吃。
食用生菜不用刀去切割,只用叉的边缘去切割。
盘中最好不要留下剩余食品。当然也不用“涮”得很干净。
使用餐巾时,应将其平摊在膝盖上。用完餐后略一叠就留在桌旁好了。不能将其完全叠好,也不能将其揉成一团扔在桌上。
如要吐出嘴中硬核、鱼刺等,不要直接吐在手上,而要用叉接好去放在盘子边缘。
吃东西时,用叉将食物取起放入口中,而不要低头用嘴去接近食物。
在西餐桌上很少用牙签,因此最好不用。
万一打翻酒杯等,不用大惊小怪,只说一声道歉便可。到用餐结束后再道歉一声更好。
第三篇:西餐礼仪介绍目录
导语:外国人的讲究可是很多的,尤其是你受邀参加晚宴的时候。以下小编为大家介绍西餐礼仪介绍目录文章,欢迎大家阅读参考!
西餐礼仪介绍目录
西餐基础礼仪
1、刀叉:手握叉子时不要像握大提琴那样,或像握麦克佩斯夫人的匕首那样。另外,不要手握刀叉在空中飞来舞去用以强调说话的某一点,也不要将刀叉的一头搭在盘子上,一头放在餐桌上。刀叉一旦拿起使用,就不能再放回原处。刀子放在盘子上时,刀刃朝里,头在盘子里,刀把放在盘子边缘上。
2.餐巾:不要拿餐巾去用力擦脸的下部,要轻轻地沾擦。不要抖开餐巾再去折叠,不要在空中像挥动旗子那样挥动餐巾。餐巾应放在大腿上,如果离开餐桌,要将餐巾放在椅子上,并把椅子推近餐桌。注意动作要轻。用餐结束时不要折叠餐巾;否则,不了解情况的服务生可能会再给别的客人使用。用餐结束时要将餐巾从中间拿起,轻轻地放在餐桌上盘子的左侧。
3.咀嚼:嚼东西时嘴要闭紧,无论你有什么惊人的妙语,时机多么恰到好处,只要嘴里有食物,绝不能开口说话。不能为了着急说话而马上将食物吞下,要保持细嚼慢咽的姿势,将食物咽下后会意地露出笑容,以转达你内心的活动:刚才完全可以有妙语出口,只是口中有食物。
4.坐姿:要牢记你妈妈的话,坐立要直,不要将胳膊肘支在餐桌上。如果手放在什么位置都不自在,放在大腿上。
5.面包:面包上抹黄油尤其要注意,将面包掰成可以一口吃下的小块,临吃前在小块上抹黄油,不要图方便将整个面包上都抹上黄油。
6.速度:切忌速度过快,无论你是在RitzCarton还是在格尔蒂的GreasePit酒店用餐,大口吞咽食物不仅有害健康,而且也不雅观,尤其是和他人共同进餐时,这么做会显得失礼。共同进餐时大家的量应该一样,并保持同时开始同时结束的速度,别人都开始品味甜食了而你还在喝汤是不可取的。
7.剔牙:如果塞了牙,切忌在餐桌上剔牙,如果的确忍受不住,找个借口去洗手间,你可以在那里剔个够。
8.口红:将口红留在餐具上是不可取的,工作用餐尤其如此。如果没有随身携带纸手帕,进酒店时可以顺便到洗手间去一趟,或到吧台去取块纸餐巾。
9.吸烟:即使在吸烟区用餐,用餐期间吸烟也不可取,吸烟会影响他人的食欲,而且和整个气氛也不和谐,应该等到用餐结束后再吸烟,还应记住:不要用盘子当烟灰缸。
10.物品:女用手提包及男用手提箱这类东西不要放在餐桌上,钥匙、帽子、手套、眼镜、眼镜盒、香烟等物品都不要放在餐桌上。总之,凡是和用餐无关的东西都不能放在餐桌上。
西餐礼仪知多少
1.TheSoup Course 汤
Dinner usually beginswith soup.The largest spoon at your place is the soupspoon.It will be besideyour plate at the right-hand side.晚餐往往以汤开始。你的位置处,汤匙是最大的那个勺子。它在你盘子的右手边。
2.TheFish Course 鱼
Ifthere is a fish course, it will probably follow the soup.There may be aspecial fork for the fish.Often it is smaller.如果这顿餐有鱼的话,那么很可能是在汤后面上鱼。可能会有一个专门吃鱼的叉子,往往是最小的那个。
3.Using Knife and Fork 刀叉用法
Forthe main or meat course, the English use the knife in the right hand to cut,keep the fork in the left hand, and bring the food to the mouth.Americans alsocarve the meat with the knife, then laydown the knife and taking the fork in the right hand, push it under a smallpiece of food and bring it to the mouth.对于主菜或者肉菜,英国人右手拿刀切食物,左手拿叉,将食物送入口中。而美国人也用刀切食物,但是之后他们放下刀,右手拿叉,压在食物上,然后送入口中。
4.Helping Yourself and Refusing 尽情用餐与拒绝
Theservant will pass the dish in at your left hand so that you can conveniently serve yourself with your right hand.But if there is something you may not like, you may quietly say: “No thankyou.”
服务生会把菜放在你的左手边,以便于你能够用右手尽情用餐。但是如果你有什么不喜欢吃的,可以轻声说:“不了,谢谢。”
5.TheSalad Course 沙拉
Asalad is eaten with a fork only held in the right hand with points turned up.There is usually a special one for the salad, a little smaller than the meatfork.吃沙拉的时候右手拿叉,尖朝上。通常会有一个专门吃沙拉的叉子,比吃肉的叉子稍稍小一点。
6.Bread and Butter 面包和黄油
Breadis taken in the fingers and laid on the side plate or the edge of the largeplate.Butter is taken from the butter dish with the butter knife.面包放在边盘或者大盘的边缘,吃的时候用手拿着。用黄油刀从黄油碟中取黄油。
7.Leaving the Table 离席
It isimpolite for a guest to leave the table during a meal.在吃饭期间离席是不礼貌的。
8.Various rules and Suggestions 规则及建议
Sit upstraight on your chair;
在座位上坐直;
Do notput much food in your mouth at a time;
不要一次放太多食物在嘴里;
Drinkonly when there is no food in your mouth.喝饮品时口中不要有食物。
第四篇:西餐上菜服务礼仪介绍
西餐上菜的服务与中餐有相同点,但也有所不同,尤其在摆台、上菜和上酒的具体操作手法上中西餐各有其特点,在这里通过介绍法式、美式和俄式上菜程序上的礼仪及各自的上菜服务原则来详细分析西餐上菜的服务礼仪常识。
西餐上菜服务礼仪介绍
西餐法式上菜
上菜人员将所有食品用小推车送上,因食物在厨房内只进行了初加工,成为半成品,加工为成品菜肴需在小车上完成,所以上菜人员要有一定的专业技术。
具体程序是:客人就坐,上菜人员送饮料,再将厨房中烧煮各好的菜放进餐厅的手推小车上,在客人面前完成上菜的准备工作,将未烧好的半成品烧成食品并装盘,同时调味汁也需由上菜人员在客人面前调好,把烧好的菜放入盘里后再送给客人。面包、白脱、色拉或其他小物品装盘时,用左手从客人左边送上外,其他所有食品都从客人右边用右手送上,包括饮料。
另外,注意撤盘时仍用右手从客人右边拿走,端盘时应使用大拇指、食指和中指,手指不要碰到盘边的上部,以保证卫生。待所有客人吃完以后,要清除台面。主菜撤去后,将调味瓶也撤下,此时可以送上甜点了。法式上菜程序使客人感到很舒适,但上菜人员则在不停地工作。
西餐美式上菜
客人坐下后习惯先喝一杯冰水,这时应在客人的右边将水杯内倒满冰水,如有不喝冰水的客人,应为他送上鸡尾酒或其他开胃酒,再为所有宾客送上面包、白脱、汤中开胃品(色拉)等,用左手从左边送上,将开胃酒杯从右边撤下,再上主菜,一般是在厨房里装盘,放在托盘内送出,同时将汤和开胃品盘从右边撤下。主菜从客人左边送上,从左边再加面包和白脱,如需加咖啡,一般与主菜一起上,不过咖啡须从客人右边上,用右手把咖啡杯倒满,如果有甜点,把主菜盘撤走,再自左侧送上甜点盘,并加满饮料和咖啡。可见美式上菜速度快,方法简便。
西餐俄式上菜
客人就坐后,先上饮料,食物在厨房内已完全备好。当服务人员将大盘菜从客人的左边用右手分送给客人时,按逆时针方向进行。另外,大盘内分剩的菜可重新送回厨房,被再利用,减少浪费。
西餐上菜的顺序
1、头盘
西餐的第一道菜是头盘,也称为开胃品。开胃品的内容一般有冷头盘或热头盘之分,常见的品种有鱼子酱、鹅肝酱、熏鲑鱼、鸡尾杯、奶油鸡酥盒、焗蜗牛等。因为是要开胃,所以开胃菜一般都具有特色风味,味道以咸和酸为主,而且数量较少,质量较高。
2、汤
与中餐有极大不同的是,西餐的第二道菜就是汤。西餐的汤大致可分为清汤奶油汤、蔬菜汤和冷汤等4类。品种有牛尾清汤、各式奶油汤、海鲜汤、美式蛤蜊周打汤、意式蔬菜汤、俄式罗宋汤、法式局葱头汤。冷汤的品种较少,有德式冷汤、俄式冷汤等。
3、副菜
鱼类菜肴一般作为西餐的第三道菜,也称为副菜。品种包括各种淡、海水鱼类、贝类及软体动物类。通常水产类菜肴与蛋类、面包类、酥盒菜肴品均称为副菜。因为鱼类等菜肴的肉质鲜嫩,比较容易消化,所以放在肉类菜肴的前面,叫法上也和肉类菜肴主菜有区别。西餐吃鱼菜肴讲究使用专用的调味汁,品种有靼汁、荷兰汁、酒店汁、白奶油汁、大主教汁、美国汁和水手鱼汁等。
4、主菜
肉、禽类菜肴是西餐的第四道菜,也称为主菜。肉类菜肴的原料取自牛、羊猪、小牛仔等各个部位的肉,其中最有代表性的是牛肉或牛排。牛排按其部位又可分为沙朗牛排(也称西冷牛排)、菲利牛排、“T”骨型牛排、薄牛排等。其烹调方法常用烤、煎、铁扒等。肉类菜肴配用的调味汁主要有西班牙汁、浓烧汁精、靡菇汁、白尼斯汁等。
食类菜肴的原料取自鸡、鸭、鹅,通常将兔肉和鹿肉等野味也归入禽类菜肴禽类菜肴品种最多的是鸡,有山鸡、火鸡、竹鸡、可煮、可炸、可烤、可焖,主要的调味汁有黄肉汁、咖喱汁、奶油汁等。
5、蔬菜类菜肴
蔬菜类菜肴可以安排在肉类菜肴之后,也可以与肉类菜肴同时上桌,所以可以算为一道菜,或称之为一种配菜。蔬菜类菜肴在西餐中称为沙拉。与主菜同时服务的沙拉,称为生蔬菜沙拉,一般用生菜、西红柿、黄瓜、芦笋等制作。沙拉的主要调味汁有醋油汁、法国汁、干岛汁、奶酪沙拉汁等。
沙拉除了蔬菜之外,还有一类是用鱼、肉、蛋类制作的,这类沙拉一般不加味汁,在进餐顺序上可以做为头盘食用。
还有一些蔬菜是熟食的,如花椰菜、煮菠菜、炸土豆条。熟食的蔬菜通常是与主菜的肉食类菜肴一同摆放在餐盘中上桌,称之为配菜。
6、甜品
西餐的甜品是主菜后食用的,可以算做是第六道菜。从真正意义上讲,它包括所有主菜后的食物,如布丁、煎饼、冰淇淋、奶酪、水果等等。
7、咖啡、茶
西餐的最后一道是上饮料,咖啡或茶。饮咖啡一般要加糖和淡奶油。茶一般要加香桃片和糖。
第五篇:吃西餐刀叉礼仪介绍
如果你不习惯用刀叉,那就买一套放在家里练习如何使用,直到运用自如,不然以后出去会别人笑话的。下面就是小编整理的吃西餐刀叉礼仪介绍,一起来看一下吧。
西餐礼仪的刀叉摆放
刀叉的摆放
世界上高级的西式宴会摆台是基本统一的。
共同原则是:餐盘正中、盘前横匙、叉左刀右、先里后外、叉尖向上、刀口朝盘、主食靠左,餐具在右,各种餐具成线,餐具与菜肴配套。
台面物品:花瓶放在桌子中央,花瓶前摆盐和胡椒,左盐右椒,盐胡椒前面放牙签筒,牙签筒前面是烟缸,烟缸缺口对准盐和胡椒的中缝,桌垫摆在桌子正中央。
摆放时,手不可触摸盘面和杯口,要用托盘盛放餐具、酒具及用具。摆放金、银器皿时,应佩戴手套,保证餐具清洁,防止污染。
餐具摆放流程及标准
餐盘(装饰盘)→餐刀、叉、匙→面包盘→酒杯。餐具摆好后,在餐盘中摆上餐巾花,桌子中间摆上花瓶,胡椒粉瓶和盐瓶,还有牙签、烟灰缸和蜡烛台等。
1.摆展示盘
可用托盘端托,也可用左手垫好口布。口布垫在餐盘盘底,把展示盘托起,从主人位开始,按顺时针方向用右手将餐盘摆放于餐位正前方,盘边距桌边1.5厘米,餐盘间的距离要相等。
2.摆面包盘、黄油碟
展示盘左侧10厘米处摆面包盘。面包盘与展示盘的中心轴取齐,黄油碟摆在面包盘右前方,距面包盘1.5厘米,图案摆正。
3.摆餐刀、叉、勺从展示盘的右侧顺序摆放餐刀、叉、勺。摆放时,应手拿刀、叉、勺柄处,从主刀开始摆。
(1)主刀摆放于展示盘的右侧,与餐台边呈垂直状,刀柄距桌边1厘米,刀刃向左,与展示盘相距1厘米。
(2)鱼刀、头盘刀、汤勺,摆放间距0.5厘米,刀刃向左,勺面向上。
(3)主叉放于展示盘左侧,与展示盘相距1厘米,叉柄距桌边1厘米。
(4)摆放鱼叉时,鱼叉柄距桌边5厘米,叉头向上突出。头盘叉(开胃叉)叉面向上,叉柄与主叉柄平行。
(5)甜食叉,放在甜食勺的正前方,与勺平行,勺头向左,与甜食叉的叉柄相距1厘米。
(6)黄油刀斜放在面包盘上,刀刃向左,黄油刀中心与面包盘的中心线吻合,刀柄朝右下方,面包盘三分之一处。
4.摆酒具
摆酒具时,要拿酒具的杯托或杯底部。
(1)水杯摆在主刀的上方,杯底中心在主刀的中心线上,杯底距主刀尖2厘米。
(2)红葡萄酒杯摆在水杯的右下方,杯底中心与水杯杯底中心的连线与餐台边成45°角,杯壁间距0 5厘米。
(3)白葡萄酒杯摆在红葡萄酒杯的右下方,其他标准同上。
5.摆放餐巾
折花餐巾折花放于展示盘内,餐巾折花花型搭配适当,将观赏面朝向客人。
6.摆蜡烛台和椒、盐瓶。西餐宴会一般摆两个蜡烛台,蜡烛台摆在台布的中线上、餐台两侧适当的位置。椒、盐瓶要在台布中线上按左盐右椒对称摆放,瓶壁相距0.5厘米,瓶底与蜡烛台台底距离2厘米。
7.摆烟灰缸、火柴。烟灰缸要放在正、副主人的正前方,它的中心在正、副主人展示盘的中心垂直线上,距椒、盐瓶2厘米。火柴平架在烟灰缸上端,画面向上。摆放时,从第一主人右侧开始,每隔一位摆放一个烟灰缸。
刀叉的用法
在刀叉使用之前,先将餐巾拿下,在餐桌下对折并开口朝外平铺于大腿上,不要在餐桌上抖动、对折餐巾,这样不卫生礼貌。若要用餐巾擦拭,就拿取上面一层,不要将整个餐巾拿上餐桌来擦拭。如果是宾主的关系,需等主人拿取餐巾后才开始使用。
刀叉的用法主要分为美式American Style与欧式Continental Style/European Style。
美式的刀叉用法:就餐时,左手拿叉,右手拿刀,轻握尾端,食指按在柄上,用叉固定食物,用刀轻轻切割。切下一口大小的食物后,刀刃朝内,在食盘的上半部放下刀具,换右手拿叉进食,用握笔的方式且叉齿朝上。欧式的刀叉用法:就餐时,与美式相同,左手拿叉,右手拿刀,轻握尾端,食指按在柄上,用叉固定食物,用刀轻轻切割。切完一口大小的食物后,不用放下刀具,继续用左手拿叉,叉齿朝下进食。可以用刀具帮助叉子拾取食物。整个就餐过程中都可以不用放下刀叉,不管是咀嚼食物或是与他人交谈。美式与欧式的刀叉用法差别主要就在用餐之时。在英国,当然欧式的刀叉用法更为普遍,因为欧洲人认为频繁地更换左右手拿叉略显粗野。
中途若想放下刀叉交谈或休息,可将刀叉交叉放置于食盘的下半部,刀在下,刀刃朝内,叉在上,叉齿朝下。若要起身离开,将椅子后移,餐巾轻轻放在椅子上,不能把餐巾放在餐桌上离开。返回时,轻轻将餐巾拿起放在腿前坐下。就餐完毕,将刀叉并排放于食盘中间,或者朝向时钟十点二十的方向放置,刀刃朝内,叉齿朝下。餐巾放于食盘左侧。在就餐完毕之前,刀叉、汤匙和餐巾一旦使用后就不能直接放在餐桌上,只有当吃完之后,餐巾才能放餐桌上。
常见错误方式
餐巾的主要功能是防止食物弄脏衣服,以及擦掉嘴唇上和手上的油渍,千万不要拿来擦脸,更不可拿在手中乱揉,这样既不卫生又不符合餐桌礼仪。
一定不要任意使用刀叉,必须依照上菜的顺序依次取用餐具。
如果用欧式的刀叉用法,在整个就餐过程中都可以不用放下刀叉,不管是咀嚼食物或是与他人交谈。但切记不要手拿刀叉空中挥舞,要做手势,就将刀叉放下。不要一只手拿刀或叉,而另一只手拿餐巾擦嘴,也不要一只手拿酒杯,另一只手拿叉取菜。