约克公爵在伦敦政治经济学院亚洲论坛的讲话时间[5篇范例]

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第一篇:约克公爵在伦敦政治经济学院亚洲论坛的讲话时间

约克公爵在伦敦政治经济学院亚洲论坛的讲话时间:2010-04-05 22:44来源:口译网 作者:口译网 点击:1063次

2010年3月31日,伦敦政治经济学院主办的亚洲论坛在北京召开,五百余名代表出席并聆听关于这一地区的重大经济、政治及地缘问题方面的专家意见。英国贸易与投资领域的特别代表约克公爵出席并发言,以下为讲话全文:

Speech at LSE Asia Forum by His Royal Highness The Duke of York 29 Mar 2010

约克公爵在伦敦政治经济学院亚洲论坛的讲话 2010年3月31日

Ladies and Gentlemen,女士们,先生们:

I am delighted to be able to join you just for a short time at the beginning of your London School of Economics Asia Forum.我非常高兴能够在伦敦政治经济学院亚洲论坛开幕式上,与各位短暂的见面。

These are the sorts of the events that members of the Royal Family are occasionally asked to as it were pat you on the head before you start.Then we are rudely removed from the room and unable to join you and actually understand and listen and be a part of the very important thinking and discussions that are going to take place here during either the rest of this morning or the day.And I am afraid that today is no exception.I am being shuffled off shortly to go somewhere else so my participation is just to say hello and shortly to say goodbye.However, this forum is an increasingly influential event and it’s attracting a great many thinkers, policy makers, academics and ideas.But it also brings together business people who are engaged in some of the key issues facing not only this region, but more widely, the globe.王室成员时常不定期地被邀请出席各种活动,在活动开始前,我们会被提醒参加。然后,我们会失礼地离开会场,不能与你们一起真正了解和倾听,以及实际参与今天上午或者是一整天会议的重要讨论和思考。今天恐怕也不例外。一会儿我又被簇拥着赶到其他场合,所以只是来和大家简单地问声好。亚洲论坛已经日渐成为影响力巨大的活动,吸引了越来越多的思想家、政策决策者、学者,汇聚了来自四面八方的意见。亚洲论坛也使一些面临亚洲、乃至全球性问题的商务人士汇聚在一起。

It is a great opportunity today to debate some of the challenging issues that face us all with high profile leaders in their particular fields.Now I’ve heard already about the number of different panels that will take place today addressing a range of issues as you face the coming years.The first panel that I have heard about that is going to take place this morning will be discussing financial regulatory issues, an area which challenges all of us and those challenges are all too apparent.Rather than being shuffled off in about five minutes I rather would’ve actually had liked the opportunity to learn a little bit about what’s going to happen in the future, but I do hope that somehow somebody will give me either a video recording of what went on or a transcript because these ideas that you are talking about are very, very important to the future.Not only the future of the globe, but also to the future in some respects of London.Because London is one of the worlds leading financial centres.China is home to some of the largest financial institutions in the world and is rapidly a developing market for the full range of financial products and services that we see in London on a daily basis.So between the UK and China there is strong mutual and global interests in building and financial regulatory regime that is stable and that promotes financial stability, but at the same time does it in a way that does not increase costs to much and continues to encourage investment.今天我们将利用这个非常好的机会,与特定领域的领军人物就我们所有人共同面临的一些挑战性问题展开讨论。现在,我已经了解到,今天将就多少不同专题进行讨论,以解决大家在未来数年所面临的一系列问题。据我所知,今天早上将首先讨论的议题是金融监管问题,这一领域的问题对我们所有人来说是个挑战,并且那些种种挑战已经非常明显。如果不是五分钟后就要离开这里,我非常愿意利用这次机会,了解一些未来到底会发生什么,但是,我确实希望能够得到此次论坛的视频录像,或着书面记录,因为你们谈论的观点对未来确实非常非常重要,不仅关系到全球的未来,而且关系到伦敦某些方面的未来。伦敦是世界主要的金融中心之一。中国拥有一些世界上规模最庞大的金融机构,并且,全范围的金融产品和服务市场发展迅猛,对此,我们每天在伦敦都能了解到。由此,英中两国间,在构筑和制定稳定的金融监管体制上,存在着非常符合我们双方乃至全球的利益,促进金融稳定,但同时,又不会在某种程度上过多增加成本,而且仍然能够继续鼓励投资。

It is an area in which both countries are fully engaged and in which we have a very close level of cooperation, particularly under the united Kingdom – China economic and financial dialogue.More broadly I would hope the Chinese companies will continue to take advantage of the benefits of establishing a presence in the United Kingdom as a part of your ‘going out’ business strategy business strategy.Plugging into the United Kingdoms strong innovation, research and development platform will, I think, bring you strength and depth to any globally focussed business.In addition to this, London is one of the world’s leading international financial centres can also offer access to capital and liquidity to help support the internationalisation of your businesses.Now the United Kingdom and the London School of Economics in particular lead the world in research and education in the areas of finance and economics.The links that have been established through that experience and through the long collaboration that has taken place make a huge contribution to the relations between the United Kingdom and the world.This is not just with China or just with Asia, it is with the world.And that is the field of business, government relations, academics and in other areas.These links go from strength to strength, and just one example, because this year that we estimate there are going to over 80,000 Chinese students studying in the United Kingdom, and there are a growing number of British students that are beating a path to China.The UK’s higher educational institutions, and I would say this wouldn’t I, are among the best in the world, and I would also add that the London School of Economics is amongst the best of those.这是一个两国都深度参与的领域,尤其是英中两国通过英中经济财金对话,在这一领域有着非常密切的合作。我希望中国企业继续更广泛地利用在英国设立机构的优势,作为你们“走出去”企业战略的一部分。我想,结合英国强大的创新、研究和发展平台,将提升你们处理任何全球热点商业业务的实力。另外,作为世界主要国际金融中心之一的伦敦,能够提供资金和资金流动性,从而支持你们业务的国际化。目前英国,尤其是伦敦政治经济学院在财经领域的研究和教育处于世界领先地位。英国在此方面丰富的经验,以及与各方长期的合作,极大地促进了英国与世界建立密切的联系。英国不仅仅与中国,或者仅仅与亚洲,而是与世界建立广泛的联系,不仅在商业,还在政府关系,学术以及其他领域建立了广泛联系。这些联系因相互交往而越加密切,比如今年,我们预计将有8万多名中国学生赴英国留学,反过来,英国学生留学中国的数量也在逐渐增长。我要说,英国的高等教育机构办学水平当属世界一流,而伦敦政治经济学院更是其中数一数二的院校。

So today, I wish this forum and the continued collaboration between academia and China and in Britain every good fortune.I hope that you have a really, truly interesting day, and my apologies and sadness that I cant stay here to learn more about the very interesting discussions that you are going to have.In the meantime, have a wonderful day, and thank you for listening.最后,我祝愿此次论坛取得圆满成功,祝愿中英两国继续在学术界保持良好合作,也希望诸位度过真正有意义的一天。此次不能多了解诸位在此商讨的这些非常有意义的讨论,对此我深感歉意和遗憾。最后祝各位拥有精彩的一天,谢谢!

原文链接:http://

第二篇:2011.1驻英大使刘晓明在伦敦政治经济学院中国发展论坛上的演讲

2011年1月22日,中华人民共和国驻英国大使刘晓明应邀出席伦敦政治经济学院(LSE)中国发展学会举办的主题为“中国的国际融合:前景与挑战”的2011中国发展论坛,并在论坛开幕式上发表了主旨演讲。以下为演讲全文:

中国与世界合作共赢

——中国驻英国大使刘晓明在伦敦政治经济学院中国发展论坛上的演讲

2011年1月22日,伦敦政治经济学院

Mutual Benefit Through Collaboration – China & the World--Keynote Speech by H.E.Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the LSE China Development Forum 2011 January 2011, LSE, London 尊敬的戴维斯院长,女士们,先生们: Sir Howard Davies, Ladies and Gentlemen,首先,感谢戴维斯院长的盛情邀请,使我有机会来到伦敦政治经济学院(LSE)发表演讲。

May I begin by thanking Sir Howard for this honour of speaking at the London School of Economics and Political Science.其实,我与LSE还很有缘分。这是我第二次访问LSE。上一次是我刚上任不久来LSE出席“汉语桥”英国赛区的预赛。那是我来英国后的第一场公共活动,也是第一次演讲。由于预赛在LSE举行,又逢虎年,英国选手个个虎虎生威,一路过关斩将,最后伦敦大学亚非学院的蒋思哲(Stewart Johnson)获特等奖,开了英国选手在世界大学生“汉语桥”中文比赛总决赛中夺冠之先河。他们应感谢LSE给他们带来的好运。

In fact, this is my second visit to the LSE.I made my first public appearance and first speech as the Chinese Ambassador to the UK at the LSE.That was when I attended the Ninth Chinese Proficiency Competition here.As the competition was held in the LSE, and it was shortly after the start of the Year of Tiger, the British contestants put on a vigorous and truly outstanding performance.I'm glad to say that Stewart Johnson, an undergraduate at SOAS won the competition in the UK and went on to win the top prize in Beijing, becoming the first ever British student to win this prize.Maybe he should thank the LSE for this good luck.当然,真正让LSE闻名于世的还是它深厚的学术底蕴,使它成为社会科学教学与研究领域的知名学府。LSE也是国际化程度最高的学府之一,培养了140多个国家和地区的精英。值得一提的是,LSE与中国颇有渊源,中国一些杰出的外交官都曾在LSE深造,其中有中国现任外长杨洁篪先生。近年来到LSE求学的中国学生日益增加,目前已超过500人。

The LSE has a well-deserved reputation for academic excellence.It prides itself on its diversity of students from over 140 countries.Many of them then returned home to become leaders in their respective fields.Among them are some distinguished Chinese diplomats, including the current Chinese Foreign Minister Mr Yang Jiechi.I am delighted to learn that the LSE is now home to over 500 Chinese students.此次LSE中国发展学会在2011年岁初举办主题为“中国的国际融合:前景与挑战”的“中国发展论坛”,我认为恰逢其时:一是中西方关系近年来发展较快;二是中国去年刚刚超过日本成为世界第二大经济体。中国的发展越来越引起外界的关注,人们也越来越关心中国与世界的融合问题,实际上就是中国与世界的关系问题。

The LSE China Development Forum comes at an interesting time, with the interesting theme of “Prospects and Challenges–China's global integration”.This is a time of fast development of China's relations with the West.This is also a time when China again comes under the spotlight, after overtaking Japan to become the second largest economy.China's development is attracting growing international attention.People are wondering about how this would impact the international system and where China's relations with the world are headed.关于这个问题,这几年外界观点很多,大致有这么几种:

People in the West tend to look at China from many different perspectives:

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一是“威胁论”。根据西方近代史上的经验,“国强必霸”,因此西方一些人认为中国的发展是威胁,世界政治格局的演变是一种零和游戏,你升我降,你兴我衰,中国的“韬光养晦”政策就是“卧薪尝胆”。持这种观点的人去年非常得意,他们自以为找到了新的例证,将中国在南海、钓鱼岛问题上正当维护自己主权的行动视作“强硬”,认为中国外交已经开始咄咄逼人。我想,我们还是应该听听美国国务卿克林顿上周是如何评价这种观点的:“在亚太和美国,有人把中国的增长看成是威胁,或将导致冷战式冲突,或将使美国衰败”,“我们不接受这些看法”。事实上,坚持原则立场同是否强硬是两码事,国家之间打交道,重要的是看是否占“理”,“理直”才能“气壮”,“理屈”自然“词穷”。维护国家的主权、安全和发展利益,这就是中国外交的“理”,也是国际关系中的“理”。

Some see China as a threat.They look at the modern history of Western nations and conclude that “Rising powers are bound to seek hegemony”.They see the shifting balance in the international political landscape with a zero-sum mentality.They believe China is “hiding its capabilities and biding its time” before pressing forward to dominate the region and ultimately the world.They point to recent acts by China to safeguard its sovereignty in the East and South China Seas as evidence of China's assertiveness.Let me quote from Secretary Hilary Clinton, who spoke about this just last week–“Some in the region and some here at home see China's growth as a threat that will lead either to Cold-War-style conflict or American decline.…We reject those views.” I believe upholding principles and being assertive are two different things.What really matters is whether a country is on the right side.You can only make a strong case with good reasons.For China, safeguarding its interests in sovereignty, security and development is the right thing to do.This is a major principle in China's foreign policy, and is also a principle in international relations.二是“责任论”,说是责任论,实际上是说中国“不负责任”。他们认为中国作为国际体系的一份子,享受了现行体系的好处,如经济全球化和贸易自由化,但没有做到也不愿去尽一个大国的责任,权利与责任不平衡,实力与作用不匹配,中国只是在“搭便车”。持这种观点的人眼里就盯着气候变化、朝核、世界经济失衡等几个问题,其实就拿这几个问题来指责中国“不负责任”也显得苍白无力。比如,朝鲜半岛局势最近出现缓和,大家公认中国再次发挥了积极作用。更何况,中国积极参与国际经济金融体系改革和治理,积极参加联合国维和行动和打击海盗,积极推动气候变化、国际发展等全球性问题的解决。

Some believe China should take up more international responsibilities.These people complain that China has not fully honoured its obligations.They believe that China free-rides the current international system.It benefits significantly from globalisation and trade liberalisation, but is reluctant to assume the responsibilities of a major power.They criticize China for lack of responsibility in climate change, the Korean nuclear issue and global economic imbalances, etc.Nothing could be further from the truth.China has played an active role recently in easing tensions on the Korean Peninsula.China is taking an active part in the reform of the international economic and financial structures, in UN peacekeeping missions and in the fight against piracy.It is committed to working with other countries for solutions to global issues from climate change to international development.三是,我称为“跛脚论”。认为中国经济发展赶上了世界的步伐,但政治、意识形态和价值观上中国仍是“异类”,两只脚不是一般长,走得不是一样快。这样的观点,我认为实际上是将自己的价值标准套用到别人的头上,是一种“自我中心论”,同时也是罔顾事实。中国改革开放的三十多年,难道只有经济上的快速发展,没有同步的政治与社会的进步和飞跃?两者的脱离理论上不成立,实践中也难以想象。事实上,与30多年前相比,中国不仅是经济发生了天翻地覆的变化,中国的政治生态、社会结构都取得了大发展,中国政治制度正朝着稳定、民主和效率的方向协调和均衡前进,中国社会既开放,又多元;中国人民不仅生活得更加富裕,而且更加幸福。

Others see China as “a laggard” in certain aspects.They believe that despite China's economic strength, it has not kept pace in the areas of politics, ideology and values.This reflects a self-centred attempt to impose Western values and standards onto China.It defies common sense and logic to believe three decades of reform and opening-up have only brought China economic growth, but not political and social progress.Such logic is flawed in theory and in practice, as China has come a long way in its political and social development.Its political system

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is making balanced and coordinated progress towards stability, democracy and efficiency.And Chinese society has become more open and diverse, resulting in people not only becoming wealthier, but also happier.四是“不定论”。对中国的走向既怀希望,又有疑虑。持这种观点的人,在西方恐怕不在少数。这种观点看似很中立,其实同样有害,因为它可能导致西方迷茫甚至误判,丧失的不仅是合作的机会,而且是自身发展的机遇。

Lastly, some believe China's future is uncertain.They are torn between hope and fear for China's development, but unsure which way China will turn.This view of China has a large following in the West.It may sound neutral, but it can easily lead to confusion and even miscalculation.That could result in lost opportunities for cooperation and damage to their own development.那么,中国自己到底怎么看与世界的关系和融合问题。我认为,中国在三年前就将这个问题看得很清楚、说得很透彻。胡锦涛总书记在2007年向中共十七大作报告时指出:中国与世界的关系发生了历史性变化;中国发展进步离不开世界,世界繁荣稳定也离不开中国;中国的前途命运日益紧密地同世界的前途命运联系在一起。经过国际金融危机的洗礼后,我们对这个看法更加坚定和明确。那就是中国追求和谐发展,中国与世界的关系是一种良性互动。这种关系的特点有三:

So, how does China see its role and relationship with the world? China made this very clear three years ago.In his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party in 2007, President Hu Jintao commented that “China's relations with the world have gone through historic changes.China cannot develop in isolation from the world, and the world's prosperity and stability requires China's contribution.China's future and destiny are increasingly linked to the rest of the world.” The international financial crisis has only reaffirmed China's commitment to harmonious development and a positive relationship with the world.To achieve the goals of successful development:

一是和平发展。中国仍然是一个发展中国家,发展是硬道理。中国争取和平的国际环境发展自己,又以自身的发展促进世界和平。我们奉行防御性国防政策,永远不称霸,永远不搞扩张;主张不干涉别国内部事务和谈判解决国际争端,致力于维护世界的和平与稳定。

Firstly, China's development is peaceful.China is still a developing country and development remains our top priority.China needs a peaceful international environment to develop, and is ready to contribute more to world peace as it develops.China's development of defence capabilities are for self-defence.Hegemony or expansion is neither a tradition nor an option for China.We stand for non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries and call for negotiated solutions to international disputes.二是开放包容。中国的发展是开放的发展。不久前,中国制定了“十二五”规划,强调要必须实行更加积极主动的开放战略,拓展新的开放领域和空间,积极参与全球经济治理和区域合作,不断提高对外开放水平。我们将以更加开放的姿态面向世界,以更加虚心的态度借鉴人类文明优秀成果和吸收各国发展有益经验,以更加务实的行动加强国际交流合作。

Secondly, China's development is open and inclusive.Development can never be achieved behind closed doors.China recently formulated its “12th Five-Year Plan”, which called for greater openness in more areas, and a more active role in global economic governance and regional cooperation.To achieve this, we will engage with the world with an open mind.We will borrow from the fine cultural traditions and useful experiences of other countries, and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation.三是互利共赢。中国古人说:“君子爱财,取之有道。”中国要发展,但我们不动别人的奶酪,相反,我们愿和别人一起来把合作的蛋糕做大,共同分享。中国支持欧盟采取的金融稳定措施,这就是互利。欧元垮了,中国经济难免受损。这就是全球化时代的特点:相互依赖、利益共生。

Thirdly, China's development is a win-win.As an old Chinese saying goes, “A noble man acquires wealth by honourable means”.China's development will not be achieved through a beggar-thy-neighbour approach.On the contrary, we will work with others to make the world economy bigger and share the benefits with others.China supports the EU's financial stabilisation measures, as they are in China's interests.The Chinese economy would

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not escape should the euro collapse.We are all together in a world of interdependence and interconnected interests between countries as a result of globalisation.女士们、先生们,Ladies and Gentlemen,中国的发展是一个进行时,这既是自我超越,也是与世界不断融合的过程。在这一过程中,中国正在主动适应自身地位发生的一些变化,克服“成长的烦恼”,向外部世界有效宣示自己的意图和政策。700年前,意大利诗人但丁在其长篇史诗《神曲》中曾经写道:“走自己的路,让别人说去吧。”但今天,我们要做的是:“走自己的路,让别人理解。”我们真诚希望世界看到中国的发展带来的机遇,并且善于抓住这个机遇,加强互惠合作,造福各自人民。

China's development is an on-going process.It requires efforts by itself.It also calls for closer interaction with the world.China is adapting to its new position in the world and trying to overcome its “growing pains”.More than 700 years ago, the Italian poet Dante wrote in his epic poem the Divine Comedy, “Go your own way;let others talk!” What we are doing today is to: “Go our own way;but let others understand!” We hope the world will appreciate and take the opportunities created by China's development, and work closely with China to bring real benefits to the people.就在昨天,胡锦涛主席结束了对美国的国事访问,访问意义重大,成果丰硕,开启了中美关系的新篇章。中美两国都强调,致力于从战略高度和长远角度出发,加强对话、交流和合作,发展求同存异、平等互信的政治关系,深化全面合作、互利共赢的经济关系,开展共同应对挑战的全球伙伴合作,推进人民广泛参与的中美友好事业,并建立深入沟通、坦诚对话的高层交往模式。如果中美这两个政治社会制度、历史文化背景和经济发展阶段迥异的大国,能在新时期发展相互尊重、互利共赢的合作伙伴关系,那么我们还有什么理由怀疑中国与世界关系的前景?

Yesterday President Hu Jintao just concluded his state visit to the United States.This was an important and fruitful visit that opens a new chapter in China-US relations.China and the United States stress the importance to approach China-US relationship from a strategic and long-term perspective by stepping up dialogue, exchanges and cooperation.We are committed to a political relationship of equality and mutual trust, focusing on areas of agreement rather than differences;We are equally committed to an economic relationship of cooperation and mutual benefit;We are also committed to a global partnership to meet global challenges.We will encourage closer interaction and friendship between our two peoples, and foster a good relationship of deep-going discussions and candid dialogue at the top level.If China and the United States, two major countries with very different social systems, cultural traditions and stages of development, are committed to working together to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit, why should we doubt the future of China's relations with the world?!

最后,我预祝本次论坛顺利、成功。

To conclude, I wish the forum a great success.谢谢。

Thank you.4 / 4

第三篇:中国驻英国大使刘晓明在伦敦政治经济学院中国发展论坛上的演讲-中英双语

2011年1月22日,中华人民共和国驻英国大使刘晓明应邀出席伦敦政治经济学院(LSE)中国发展学会举办的主题为―中国的国际融合:前景与挑战‖的2011中国发展论坛,并在论坛开幕式上发表了主旨演讲。以下为演讲全文:

中国与世界合作共赢

——中国驻英国大使刘晓明在伦敦政治经济学院中国发展论坛上的演讲

2011年1月22日,伦敦政治经济学院

Mutual Benefit Through Collaboration – China & the World--Keynote Speech by H.E.Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the LSE China Development Forum

2011 January 2011, LSE, London

尊敬的戴维斯院长,女士们,先生们:

Sir Howard Davies, Ladies and Gentlemen,首先,感谢戴维斯院长的盛情邀请,使我有机会来到伦敦政治经济学院(LSE)发表演讲。

May I begin by thanking Sir Howard for this honour of speaking at the London School of Economics and Political Science.其实,我与LSE还很有缘分。这是我第二次访问LSE。上一次是我刚上任不久来LSE出席―汉语桥‖英国赛区的预赛。那是我来英国后的第一场公共活动,也 是第一次演讲。由于预赛在LSE举行,又逢虎年,英国选手个个虎虎生威,一路过关斩将,最后伦敦大学亚非学院的蒋思哲(Stewart Johnson)获特等奖,开了英国选手在世界大学生―汉语桥‖中文比赛总决赛中夺冠之先河。他们应感谢LSE给他们带来的好运。

(In fact, this is my second visit to the LSE.I made my first public appearance and first speech as the Chinese ambassador to the UK at the LSE.That was when I attended the Ninth Chinese Proficiency Competition here.As the competition was held at LSE, and it was shortly after the start of the year of Tiger, every British contestants put on a vigorous and outstanding performance.I’m glad that Stewart Johnson, an undergraduate student at SOAS won the competition in the UK, and went on to win the top prize in Beijing, becoming the first ever British student to win this prize.Maybe he should thank the LSE for this good luck.)

In fact, this is my second visit to the LSE.I made my first public appearance and first speech as the Chinese Ambassador to the UK at the LSE.That was when I attended the Ninth Chinese Proficiency Competition here.As the competition was held in the LSE, and it was shortly after the start of the Year of Tiger, the British contestants put on a vigorous and truly outstanding performance.I'm glad to say that Stewart Johnson, an undergraduate at SOAS won the

competition in the UK and went on to win the top prize in Beijing, becoming the first ever British student to win this prize.Maybe he should thank the LSE for this good luck.当然,真正让LSE闻名于世的还是它深厚的学术底蕴,使它成为社会科学教学与研究领域的知名学府。LSE也是国际化程度最高的学府之一,培养了140多个 国家和地区的精英。值得一提的是,LSE与中国颇有渊源,中国一些杰出的外交官都曾在LSE深造,其中有中国现任外长杨洁篪先生。近年来到LSE求学的中国学生日益增加,目前已超过500人。

The LSE has a well-deserved reputation for academic excellence.It prides itself on its diversity of students from over 140 countries.Many of them then returned home to become leaders in their respective fields.Among them are some distinguished Chinese diplomats, including the current Chinese Foreign Minister Mr Yang Jiechi.I am delighted to learn that the LSE is now home to over 500 Chinese students.此次LSE中国发展学会在2011年岁初举办主题为―中国的国际融合:前景与挑战‖的―中国发展论坛‖,我认为恰逢其时:一是中西方关系近年来发展较快; 二是中国去年刚刚超过日本成为世界第二大经济体。中国的发展越来越引起外界的关注,人们也越来越关心中国与世界的融合问题,实际上就是中国与世界的关系问题。

The LSE China Development Forum comes at an interesting time, with the interesting theme of “Prospects and Challenges–China's global integration”.This is a time of fast development of China's relations with the West.This is also a time when China again comes under the spotlight, after overtaking Japan to become the second largest economy.China's development is attracting growing international attention.People are wondering about how this would impact the international system and where China's relations with the world are headed.关于这个问题,这几年外界观点很多,大致有这么几种:

People in the West tend to look at China from many different perspectives:

一是―威胁论‖。根据西方近代史上的经验,―国强必霸‖,因此西方一些人认为中国的发展是威胁,世界政治格局的演变是一种零和游戏,你升我降,你兴我衰,中国的―韬光养晦‖政策就是―卧薪尝胆‖。持这种观点的人去年非常得意,他们自以为找到了新的例证,将中国在南海、钓鱼岛问题上正当维护自己主权的行动视作―强硬‖,认为中国外交已经开始咄咄逼人。我想,我们还是应该听听美国国务卿克林顿上周是如何评价这种观点的:―在亚太和美国,有人把中国的增长看成是威胁,或将导致冷战式冲突,或将使美国衰败‖,―我们不接受这些看法‖。事实上,坚持原则立场同是否强硬是两码事,国家之间打交道,重要的是看是否占 ―理‖,―理直‖才能―气壮‖,―理屈‖自然―词穷‖。维护国家的主权、安全和发展利益,这就是中国外交的―理‖,也是国际关系中的―理‖。

Some see China as a threat.They look at the modern history of Western nations and conclude that “Rising powers are bound to seek hegemony”.They see the shifting balance in the international political landscape with a zero-sum mentality.They believe China is “hiding its capabilities and biding its time” before pressing forward to dominate the region and ultimately the world.They

point to recent acts by China to safeguard its sovereignty in the East and South China Seas as evidence of China's assertiveness.Let me quote from Secretary Hilary Clinton, who spoke about this just last week–“Some in the region and some here at home see China's growth as a threat that will lead either to Cold-War-style conflict or American decline.…We reject those views.” I believe upholding principles and being assertive are two different things.What really matters is whether a country is on the right side.You can only make a strong case with good reasons.For China, safeguarding its interests in sovereignty, security and development is the right thing to do.This is a major principle in China's foreign policy, and is also a principle in international relations.二是―责任论‖,说是责任论,实际上是说中国―不负责任‖。他们认为中国作为国际体系的一份子,享受了现行体系的好处,如经济全球化和贸易自由化,但没有做到也不愿去尽一个大国的责任,权利与责任不平衡,实力与作用不匹配,中国只是在―搭便车‖。持这种观点的人眼里就盯着气候变化、朝核、世界经济失衡等几个问题,其实就拿这几个问题来指责中国―不负责任‖也显得苍白无力。比如,朝鲜半岛局势最近出现缓和,大家公认中国再次发挥了积极作用。更何况,中国积极参与国际经济金融体系改革和治理,积极参加联合国维和行动和打击海盗,积极推动气候变化、国际发展等全球性问题的解决。

Some believe China should take up more international responsibilities.These people complain that China has not fully honored its obligations.They believe that China free-rides the current international system.It benefits significantly from globalization and trade liberalization, but is reluctant to assume the responsibilities of a major power.They criticize China for lack of responsibility in climate change, the Korean nuclear issue and global economic imbalances, etc.Nothing could be further from the truth.China has played an active role recently in easing tensions on the Korean Peninsula.China is taking an active part in the reform of the international economic and financial structures, in UN peacekeeping missions and in the fight against piracy.It is committed to working with other countries for solutions to global issues from climate change to international development.三是,我称为―跛脚论‖。认为中国经济发展赶上了世界的步伐,但政治、意识形态和价值观上中国仍是―异类‖,两只脚不是一般长,走得不是一样快。这样的观点,我认为实际上是将自己的价值标准套用到别人的头上,是一种―自我中心论‖,同时也是罔顾事实。中国改革开放的三十多年,难道只有经济上的快速发展,没有同步的政治与社会的进步和飞跃?两者的脱离理论上不成立,实践中也难以想象。事实上,与30多年前相比,中国不仅是经济发生了天翻地覆的变化,中国的政治生态、社会结构都取得了大发展,中国政治制度正朝着稳定、民主和效率的方向协调和均衡前进,中国社会既开放,又多元;中国人民不仅生活得更加富裕,而且更加幸福。

Others see China as “a laggard” in certain aspects.They believe that despite China's economic strength, it has not kept pace in the areas of politics, ideology and values.This reflects a self-centred attempt to impose Western values and standards onto China.It defies common sense and logic to believe three decades of reform and opening-up have only brought China economic growth, but not political and social progress.Such logic is flawed in theory and in practice, as China has come a long way in its political and social development.Its political system is making balanced and coordinated progress towards stability, democracy and efficiency.And Chinese

society has become more open and diverse, resulting in people not only becoming wealthier, but also happier.四是―不定论‖。对中国的走向既怀希望,又有疑虑。持这种观点的人,在西方恐怕不在少数。这种观点看似很中立,其实同样有害,因为它可能导致西方迷茫甚至误判,丧失的不仅是合作的机会,而且是自身发展的机遇。

Lastly, some believe China's future is uncertain.They are torn between hope and fear for China's development, but unsure which way China will turn.This view of China has a large following in the West.It may sound neutral, but it can easily lead to confusion and even miscalculation.That could result in lost opportunities for cooperation and damage to their own development.那么,中国自己到底怎么看与世界的关系和融合问题。我认为,中国在三年前就将这个问题看得很清楚、说得很透彻。胡锦涛总书记在2007年向中共十七大作报告时指出:中国与世界的关系发生了历史性变化;中国发展进步离不开世界,世界繁荣稳定也离不开中国;中国的前途命运日益紧密地同世界的前途命运联系在一起。经过国际金融危机的洗礼后,我们对这个看法更加坚定和明确。那就是中国追求和谐发展,中国与世界的关系是一种良性互动。这种关系的特点有三:

So, how does China see its role and relationship with the world? China made this very clear three years ago.In his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party in 2007, President Hu Jintao commented that “China's relations with the world have gone through historic changes.China cannot develop in isolation from the world, and the world's prosperity and stability requires China's contribution.China's future and destiny are increasingly linked to the rest of the world.” The international financial crisis has only reaffirmed China's commitment to harmonious development and a positive relationship with the world.To achieve the goals of successful development:

一是和平发展。中国仍然是一个发展中国家,发展是硬道理。中国争取和平的国际环境发展自己,又以自身的发展促进世界和平。我们奉行防御性国防政策,永远不称霸,永远不搞扩张;主张不干涉别国内部事务和谈判解决国际争端,致力于维护世界的和平与稳定。

Firstly, China's development is peaceful.China is still a developing country and development remains our top priority.China needs a peaceful international environment to develop, and is ready to contribute more to world peace as it develops.China's development of defence capabilities are for self-defence.Hegemony or expansion is neither a tradition nor an option for China.We stand for non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries and call for negotiated solutions to international disputes.二是开放包容。中国的发展是开放的发展。不久前,中国制定了―十二五‖规划,强调要必须实行更加积极主动的开放战略,拓展新的开放领域和空间,积极参与全 球经济治理和区域合作,不断提高对外开放水平。我们将以更加开放的姿态面向世界,以更加虚心的态度借鉴人类文明优秀成果和吸收各国发展有益经验,以更加务 实的行动加强国际交流合作。

Secondly, China's development is open and inclusive.Development can never be achieved behind closed doors.China recently formulated its “12th Five-Year Plan”, which called for greater openness in more areas, and a more active role in global economic governance and regional cooperation.To achieve this, we will engage with the world with an open mind.We will borrow from the fine cultural traditions and useful experiences of other countries, and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation.三是互利共赢。中国古人说:―君子爱财,取之有道‖。中国要发展,但我们不动别人的奶酪,相反,我们愿和别人一起来把合作的蛋糕做大,共同分享。中国支持欧盟采取的金融稳定措施,这就是互利。欧元垮了,中国经济难免受损。这就是全球化时代的特点:相互依赖、利益共生。

Thirdly, China's development is a win-win.As an old Chinese saying goes, “A noble man acquires wealth by honourable means”.China's development will not be achieved through a beggar-thy-neighbour approach.On the contrary, we will work with others to make the world economy bigger and share the benefits with others.China supports the EU's financial stabilisation measures, as they are in China's interests.The Chinese economy would not escape should the euro collapse.We are all together in a world of interdependence and interconnected interests between countries as a result of globalisation.女士们、先生们,Ladies and Gentlemen,中国的发展是一个进行时,这既是自我超越,也是与世界不断融合的过程。在这一过程中,中国正在主动适应自身地位发生的一些变化,克服―成长的烦恼‖,向外 部世界有效宣示自己的意图和政策。700年前,意大利诗人但丁在其长篇史诗《神曲》中曾经写道:―走自己的路,让别人说去吧‖。但今天,我们要做的是: ―走自己的路,让别人理解‖。我们真诚希望世界看到中国的发展带来的机遇,并且善于抓住这个机遇,加强互惠合作,造福各自人民。

China's development is an on-going process.It requires efforts by itself.It also calls for closer interaction with the world.China is adapting to its new position in the world and trying to overcome its “growing pains”.More than 700 years ago, the Italian poet Dante wrote in his epic poem the Divine Comedy, “Go your own way;let others talk!” What we are doing today is to: “Go our own way;but let others understand!” We hope the world will appreciate and take the opportunities created by China's development, and work closely with China to bring real benefits to the people.就在昨天,胡锦涛主席结束了对美国的国事访问,访问意义重大,成果丰硕,开启了中美关系的新篇章。中美两国都强调,致力于从战略高度和长远角度出发,加强 对话、交流和合作,发展求同存异、平等互信的政治关系,深化全面合作、互利共赢的经济关系,开展共同应对挑战的全球伙伴合作,推进人民广泛参与的中美友好 事业,并建立深入沟通、坦诚对话的高层交往模式。如果中美这两个政治社会制度、历史文化背景和经济发展阶段迥异的大国,能在新时期发展相互尊重、互利共赢 的合作伙伴关系,那么我们还有什么理由怀疑中

国与世界关系的前景?

Yesterday President Hu Jintao just concluded his state visit to the United States.This was an important and fruitful visit that opens a new chapter in China-US relations.China and the United States stress the importance to approach China-US relationship from a strategic and long-term perspective by stepping up dialogue, exchanges and cooperation.We are committed to a political relationship of equality and mutual trust, focusing on areas of agreement rather than differences;We are equally committed to an economic relationship of cooperation and mutual benefit;We are also committed to a global partnership to meet global challenges.We will encourage closer interaction and friendship between our two peoples, and foster a good relationship of deep-going discussions and candid dialogue at the top level.If China and the United States, two major countries with very different social systems, cultural traditions and stages of development, are committed to working together to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit, why should we doubt the future of China's relations with the world?!

最后,我预祝本次论坛顺利、成功。

To conclude, I wish the forum a great success.谢谢。

Thank you.华盛顿当地时间2011年1月25日晚,美国总统奥巴马在国会发表2011年国情咨文,回顾美国对世界的贡献,号召美国人民―做大事‖,促进经济增长,维护全球安全。以下是演讲全文:

Remarks of President Barack Obama in State of the Union Address Washington, DC January 25, 2011

奥巴马总统2011年国情咨文

2011年1月25日 华盛顿特区

Mr.Speaker, Mr.Vice President, Members of

Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow Americans:

众议院议长先生、副总统先生、各位国会议员、尊敬的客人们、同胞们:

Tonight I want to begin by congratulating the men and women of the 112th Congress, as well as your new Speaker, John Boehner.And as we mark this occasion, we are also mindful of the empty chair in this Chamber, and pray for the health of our colleague – and our friend – Gabby Giffords.今晚我想首先向美国第112届国会的男女议员、你们的新议长约翰·博纳表示祝贺。在我们庆祝这一时刻时,我们仍然很清楚一位国会议员的座位是空着的,让我们为我们的同事、我们的朋友加布里埃尔·吉福兹的健康祈祷。

It’s no secret that those of us here tonight have had our differences over the last two years.The debates have been contentious;we have fought fiercely for our beliefs.And that’s a good thing.That’s what a robust democracy demands.That’s what helps set us apart as a nation.我们这些今晚出席这一活动的人在过去两年曾存在分歧,这不是秘密。辩论是非常激烈的,我们为我们各自的观点进行了激烈的斗争。这是一件好事,这是强有力的民主所要求的。这种争论帮助美国成为区别于其它国家的民主国家。

But there’s a reason the tragedy in Tucson gave us pause.Amid all the noise and passions and rancor of our public debate, Tucson reminded us that no matter who we are or where we come from, each of us is a part of something greater – something more consequential than party or political preference.但图森市的悲剧给了我们一个停止争论的理由。我们进行的公共辩论引发了噪音、情绪、怨恨。图森的悲剧提醒我们,不管我们是谁、来自何方,我们中的每一个人都是一个更伟大事务的一部分,它比政党或者政治倾向更具必然性。

We are part of the American family.We believe that in a country where every race and faith and point of view can be found, we are still bound together as one people;that we share common hopes and a common creed;that the dreams of a little girl in Tucson are not so different than those of our own children, and that they all deserve the chance to be fulfilled.我们是美国大家庭的组成部分。我们相信,在这个各种种族、信仰、观点并存的国家,我们仍是一个团结在一起的民族。我们拥有共同的希望和信条,图森小女孩的梦想与我们自己孩子的梦想没有什么大的差别,这些梦想都应获得实现的机会。

That, too, is what sets us apart as a nation.这也是使我们作为一个国家产生分歧的原因。

Now, by itself, this simple recognition won’t usher in a new era of cooperation.What comes of this moment is up to us.What comes of this moment will be determined not by whether we can sit together tonight, but whether we can work together tomorrow.现在,简单地认识到这一点本身将不会开启一个合作的新时代。这一时刻所能产生的成果取决于我们。这一时刻所产生的成果将不会由我们是否今晚坐在一起而决定,它将被我们明天是否合作所决定。

I believe we can.I believe we must.That’s

what the people who sent us here expect of us.With their votes, they’ve determined that governing will now be a shared responsibility between parties.New laws will only pass with support from Democrats and Republicans.We will move forward together, or not at all – for the challenges we face are bigger than party, and bigger than politics.我认为我们能够实现合作。我认为我们必须这样。这是那些把我们送到这里的人们所期望的。他们通过他们的选票决定,执政将是两党共同的责任。新的法案只有在获得民主党和共和党议员的支持下才能通过。在面对比党派或者政治更大的挑战面前,我们将一起前行,或者原地不动。

At stake right now is not who wins the next election – after all, we just had an election.At stake is whether new jobs and industries take root in this country, or somewhere else.It’s whether the hard work and industry of our people is rewarded.It’s whether we sustain the leadership that has made America not just a place on a map, but a light to the world.现在的利害不是谁将赢得下次选举,毕竟,我们刚刚举行完一次选举。现在的利害是新的就业机会和新的行业是否会在美国生根或者在其它地方。这事关我们人民的 辛劳工作和行业是否能得到回报。这事关我们是否能继续保持领导能力,这种领导能力使美国不只局限于地图上的某一个地方,美国因为这种领导能力而成为世界的 灯光。

We are poised for progress.Two years after the worst recession most of us have ever known, the stock market has come roaring back.Corporate profits are up.The economy is growing again.我们作好了前进的准备。在我们大多数人经历最为糟糕的经济衰退两年后,股市已再次大幅上升。公司赢利在增加。经济在再次增

长。

But we have never measured progress by these yardsticks alone.We measure progress by the success of our people.By the jobs they can find and the quality of life those jobs offer.By the prospects of a small business owner who dreams of turning a good idea into a thriving enterprise.By the opportunities for a better life that we pass on to our children.但我们从不只以这些标准来衡量进展。我们以我们人民的成功来评估进展,通过他们所能找到的工作和这些工作所提供的生活质量,通过小企业主把好点子的梦想转变成兴旺发达的企业的前景,通过我们给我们孩子更好生活的机遇。

That’s the project the American people want us to work on.Together.这是一个美国人民想让我们从事的事业,美国人民想让我们共同致力于这项事业。

We did that in December.Thanks to the tax cuts we passed, Americans’ paychecks are a little bigger today.Every business can write off the full cost of the new investments they make this year.These steps, taken by Democrats and Republicans, will grow the economy and add to the more than one million private sector jobs created last year.我们去年12月作了这方面的工作。由于我们通过的减税法案,美国人今天收到的支票金额要比过去多。所有的企业都可以把它今年所作投资的全部开支注销。这些由民主党人和共和党人合作采取的措施将使经济增长,增加就业岗位,私人行业去年已创造的1百多万个就业岗位。

But we have more work to do.The steps we’ve taken over the last two years may have broken the back of this recession – but to win the

future, we’ll need to take on challenges that have been decades in the making.但我们有更多的工作要做。我们在过去两年所采取的措施可能已克服了经济衰退的主要困难,但是为了赢得未来,我们必须直面应对那些在过去数十年来一直积累起来的挑战。

Many people watching tonight can probably remember a time when finding a good job meant showing up at a nearby factory or a business downtown.You didn’t always need a degree, and your competition was pretty much limited to your neighbors.If you worked hard, chances are you’d have a job for life, with a decent paycheck, good benefits, and the occasional promotion.Maybe you’d even have the pride of seeing your kids work at the same company.许多观看今晚演讲的人可能还记得那个找到好工作意味着在附近工厂或者市中心商业区就业的时候。你并不总是需要获得一个学位,你的竞争基本只限于你的邻居。如果你努力工作,你可能会终身拥有这个职位,这个工作会给你带来体面的收入、好的福利,有时还会获得升职。你可能还会拥有看到你的孩子在同一公司工作的自 豪感。

That world has changed.And for many, the change has been painful.I’ve seen it in the shuttered windows of once booming factories, and the vacant storefronts of once busy Main Streets.I’ve heard it in the frustrations of Americans who’ve seen their paychecks dwindle or their jobs disappear – proud men and women who feel like the rules have been changed in the middle of the game.世界已发生了变革。对于许多人来说,变革是痛苦的。在曾经一度业务繁忙工厂面临关闭时,我透过百叶窗看到了这种痛苦;在一度繁忙的商业街道空空如也的店门 前,我

看到了这种痛苦;在那些看到收入不断缩水或者失业美国人的绝望言论中,我听到了这种痛苦。这就好像,在比赛进行到一半时,表现出色而又颇感自豪的运 动员发现规则突然改变了。

They’re right.The rules have changed.In a single generation, revolutions in technology have transformed the way we live, work and do business.Steel mills that once needed 1,000 workers can now do the same work with 100.Today, just about any company can set up shop, hire workers, and sell their products wherever there’s an internet connection.他们是正确的,规则发生了变化。仅仅用了一代人的时间,技术革命已改变了我们的工作、生活和做生意的方式。一度需要1000名工人的钢铁厂现在用100名工人就可以完成同样的工作。今天,任何一家公司都可以设立商店、雇佣员工、把产品销售给有互联网连接的所有地方。

Meanwhile, nations like China and India realized that with some changes of their own, they could compete in this new world.And so they started educating their children earlier and longer, with greater emphasis on math and science.They’re investing in research and new technologies.Just recently, China became home to the world’s largest private solar research facility, and the world’s fastest computer.与此同时,中国和印度等国已意识到,它们在作出一些变革后将能够在新世界里与其它国家进行竞争。所以,他们开始对他们的孩子进行更早和更长时间的教育,更 加重视数学和科学。他们投资于研发和新技术。就在不久之前,中国已拥有世界上最大的私营太阳能研究设施,世界上运行速度最快的计算机。

So yes, the world has changed.The

competition for jobs is real.But this shouldn’t discourage us.It should challenge us.Remember – for all the hits we’ve taken these last few years, for all the naysayers predicting our decline, America still has the largest, most prosperous economy in the world.No workers are more productive than ours.No country has more successful companies, or grants more patents to inventors and entrepreneurs.We are home to the world’s best colleges and universities, where more students come to study than any other place on Earth.所以,是的,世界发生了变革。就业岗位的竞争是真实存在的,但这不应当使我们灰心,它应当成为激励我们的动力。请记住,尽管我们在过去几年遭受到了巨大打 击,尽管所有的悲观者预言美国在衰落,但美国仍是世界上最大、最繁荣的经济体。我们工人的劳动生产率是最高的,我们的公司是最成功的,我们的投资者和企业 家所拥有的专利数是最多的。我们拥有世界上最好的院校和大学,来美国就读的学生超过任何其它国家。

What’s more, we are the first nation to be founded for the sake of an idea – the idea that each of us deserves the chance to shape our own destiny.That is why centuries of pioneers and immigrants have risked everything to come here.It’s why our students don’t just memorize equations, but answer questions like ―What do you think of that idea? What would you change about the world? What do you want to be when you grow up?‖

更为重要的是,我们是首个以思想立国的国家,这个思想是我们中的每个人都应当有机会来塑造自己的命运。这就是为什么先驱们和移民们数个世纪以来不惜冒着失 去一切的风险来到美国的原因。这就是我们的学生不只是记住方程式,而是会提出―你认为这个想法如何?你想如何改变世界?当你长大后你想成为什么样的人‖等 问题。

The future is ours to win.But to get there, we can’t just stand still.As Robert Kennedy told us, ―The future is not a gift.It is an achievement.‖ Sustaining the American Dream has never been about standing pat.It has required each generation to sacrifice, and struggle, and meet the demands of a new age.我们将赢得未来,但为了实现这一点,我们不能原地踏步。正如罗伯特·肯尼迪所说的那样―未来不是一个礼物,它是一个成就。‖维持美国梦从来不是墨守成规。它需要每一代人作出牺牲、斗争,满足新时代的要求。

Now it’s our turn.We know what it takes to compete for the jobs and industries of our time.We need to out-innovate, out-educate, and out-build the rest of the world.We have to make America the best place on Earth to do business.We need to take responsibility for our deficit, and reform our government.That’s how our people will prosper.That’s how we’ll win the future.And tonight, I’d like to talk about how we get there.现在轮到我们这一代人了。我们知道在我们的时代为工作和行业进行竞争需要什么。我们需要在创新、教育和建设方面超越其它国家。我们要使美国成为商业环境最 好的国家。我们需要对我们的赤字负责任,对我们的政府进行改革。这就是我们的人民实现繁荣的方法。这就是我们如何赢得未来的方法。今晚,我想谈谈我们如何 作到这些。

The first step in winning the future is encouraging American innovation.赢得未来的首个步骤是鼓励美国人创新。

None of us can predict with certainty what the next big industry will be, or where the new jobs will come from.Thirty years ago, we couldn’t know that something called the

Internet would lead to an economic revolution.What we can do – what America does better than anyone – is spark the creativity and imagination of our people.We are the nation that put cars in driveways and computers in offices;the nation of Edison and the Wright brothers;of Google and Facebook.In America, innovation doesn’t just change our lives.It’s how we make a living.我们所有人都无法肯定地预言下一个主要行业将是什么行业或者新的就业岗位来自哪里。三十年前,我们不知道一个被称作互联网的东西会引发经济革命。我们所能 做的是,争取在这些方面比其它国家的人做得更好,激发美国人民的创造性和想像力。我们是一个将车开到车道上、把计算机放在办公室的国家,是一个拥有爱迪 生、莱特兄弟的国家,是一个拥有谷歌和脸谱(Facebook)的国家。在美国,创新不只改变我们的生活,更重要的是,这是我们赖以谋生的方法。

Our free enterprise system is what drives innovation.But because it’s not always profitable for companies to invest in basic research, throughout history our government has provided cutting-edge scientists and inventors with the support that they need.That’s what planted the seeds for the Internet.That’s what helped make possible things like computer chips and GPS.我们的自由企业制度驱动着创新,但是由于公司投资基础研究并不总是有利可图,在历史上,我们的政府向一流的科学家和发明家提供了他们所需要的支持。这些支持种下了互联网的种子,这些支持帮助制造出计算机芯片和全球定位仪这样的东西。

Just think of all the good jobs – from manufacturing to retail – that have come from those breakthroughs.想想所有的好工作,从制造业到零售业都来自于这些突破。

Half a century ago, when the Soviets beat us into space with the launch of a satellite called Sputnik¸ we had no idea how we’d beat them to the moon.The science wasn’t there yet.NASA didn’t even exist.But after investing in better research and education, we didn’t just surpass the Soviets;we unleashed a wave of innovation that created new industries and millions of new jobs.半个世纪之前,当苏联人发射一颗名为―伴侣号‖的人造卫星从而在太空竞赛领域击败我们时,我们不知道我们如何在登月方面击败他们。那方面的科学当时还不存 在,美国宇航局当时甚至都还未组建。但在更好的研究和教育方面投资后,我们不仅超过了苏联人,我们还推动了一系列的创新,这些创新创造了新的行业和数百万 个新就业岗位。

This is our generation’s Sputnik moment.Two years ago, I said that we needed to reach a level of research and development we haven’t seen since the height of the Space Race.In a few weeks, I will be sending a budget to Congress that helps us meet that goal.We’ll invest in biomedical research, information technology, and especially clean energy technology – an investment that will strengthen our security, protect our planet, and create countless new jobs for our people.这是我们那一代人创造的―伴侣号‖走在世界前沿的时刻。我在两年前说过,我们需要将研发拓展到自太空竞赛高峰后再也没有出现过的新层次上。我将在未来几周 内向国会提交一份预算案,它将帮助我们实现这一目标。我们将投资于生物医药研究、信息技术,尤其是清洁能源技术,这一投资将会强化我们的安全、保护我们的 地球、为我们的人民创造无数新就业岗位。

Already, we are seeing the promise of renewable energy.Robert and Gary Allen are brothers who run a small Michigan roofing company.After September 11th, they volunteered their best roofers to help repair the Pentagon.But half of their factory went unused, and the recession hit them hard.我们已看到了可再生能源的潜力。罗伯特·阿伦和加里·阿伦是一对在密歇根州经营屋顶公司的兄弟。他们在―9·11‖恐怖袭击事件后志愿派出他们最好的装修屋顶员工来帮助维修五角大楼,但是他们工厂的半个厂区没有开工,经济衰退重创了他们的工厂。

Today, with the help of a government loan, that empty space is being used to manufacture solar shingles that are being sold all across the country.In Robert’s words, ―We reinvented ourselves.‖

今天,在政府贷款的帮助下,空闲的厂房被用于制造销往全球各地的太阳能电池板。用罗伯特的话说:―我们再造了自己。‖

That’s what Americans have done for over two hundred years: reinvented ourselves.And to spur on more success stories like the Allen Brothers, we’ve begun to reinvent our energy policy.We’re not just handing out money.We’re issuing a challenge.We’re telling America’s scientists and engineers that if they assemble teams of the best minds in their fields, and focus on the hardest problems in clean energy, we’ll fund the Apollo Projects of our time.这就是美国人在过去两百多年里一直在做的事情,再造自我。为了推动更多像阿伦兄弟这样的成功故事,我们已开始再造我们的能源政策。我们将不只提供款项,我 们还将提供挑战。我们将告诉美国的科学家和工程师,如果他们组建他们领域最好的科学家小组,致力解决清洁能源最困难问题,我们

将向我们时代的 ―阿波罗项目‖提供资金支持。

At the California Institute of Technology, they’re developing a way to turn sunlight and water into fuel for our cars.At Oak Ridge National Laboratory, they’re using supercomputers to get a lot more power out of our nuclear facilities.With more research and incentives, we can break our dependence on oil with biofuels, and become the first country to have 1 million electric vehicles on the road by 2015.在加州理工学院,科学家正在寻找一种将太阳光和水转换成汽车燃料的方法。在橡树岭国家实验室,科学家们正在通过超级计算机以使从我们的核设施获得更多能 量。在进行更多的研究和激励措施后,我们可以用生物燃料来打破我们对石油的依赖,成为在2015年前首个拥有一百万电动汽车上路的国家。

We need to get behind this innovation.And to help pay for it, I’m asking Congress to eliminate the billions in taxpayer dollars we currently give to oil companies.I don’t know if you’ve noticed, but they’re doing just fine on their own.So instead of subsidizing yesterday’s energy, let’s invest in tomorrow’s.我们需要找到创新背后的要素。为了向创新提供经费支持,我将请求国会取消向石油公司所提供的数十亿美元税款补贴。我不知道你是否注意到这一情况,但石油公司自身运营得很不错。所以,与其向昨天的能源业提供补贴,我们不如投资于未来的能源。

Now, clean energy breakthroughs will only translate into clean energy jobs if businesses know there will be a market for what they’re selling.So tonight, I challenge you to join me in setting a new goal: by 2035, 80% of America’s electricity will come from clean

energy sources.Some folks want wind and solar.Others want nuclear, clean coal, and natural gas.To meet this goal, we will need them all – and I urge Democrats and Republicans to work together to make it happen.现在,清洁能源领域的技术突破只有在业界知道有销售市场的情况下才会转变成清洁能源业的工作岗位。所以,今晚,我想让你们和我一起来制订一个新目标:争取 在2035年之前使美国85%的电力供应量来自清洁能源。一些人想要风力和太阳能,其它人想要核电、清洁煤炭和天然气。为了实现这一目标,我们将需要所有 这些清洁能源。我呼吁民主党人和共和党人通过合作来实现这一目标。

Maintaining our leadership in research and technology is crucial to America’s success.But if we want to win the future – if we want innovation to produce jobs in America and not overseas – then we also have to win the race to educate our kids.保持我们在研究和技术领域的领导地位对于美国的成功至关重要。如果我们想拥抱未来,如果我们想让创新在美国而不是海外创造就业岗位,那么我们必须赢得教育我们孩子的竞赛。

Think about it.Over the next ten years, nearly half of all new jobs will require education that goes beyond a high school degree.And yet, as many as a quarter of our students aren’t even finishing high school.The quality of our math and science education lags behind many other nations.America has fallen to 9th in the proportion of young people with a college degree.And so the question is whether all of us – as citizens, and as parents – are willing to do what’s necessary to give every child a chance to succeed.思考一下吧,在未来十年,近半数新就业岗位将需要拥有高中以上的教育程度。虽然如此,美国仍有近四分之一的学生甚至未完成中学教育。我们教育和科学的教育 质量落后于许多国家。美国年轻人拥有大学学位比例的排行已降至世界第九位。所以问题是,我们所有的人,作为公民,作为父母,是否愿意做那些必要的事情以便 让每个孩子都有成功的机会?

That responsibility begins not in our classrooms, but in our homes and communities.It’s family that first instills the love of learning in a child.Only parents can make sure the TV is turned off and homework gets done.We need to teach our kids that it’s not just the winner of the Super Bowl who deserves to be celebrated, but the winner of the science fair;that success is not a function of fame or PR, but of hard work and discipline.这一责任不仅是在我们的教室内开始的,也是在我们的家庭和社区里开始的。是家庭首先培养了孩子爱好学习的习惯,只有父母在确保关掉电视的情况下,孩子的家 庭作业才会完成。我们需要教育我们的孩子,不仅是超级碗比赛的获胜者值得庆祝,那些科学大赛的赢家也应当值得庆祝。成功不是名气或者公共关系所带来的,它 是由辛劳的工作和自律造就的。

Our schools share this responsibility.When a child walks into a classroom, it should be a place of high expectations and high performance.But too many schools don’t meet this test.That’s why instead of just pouring money into a system that’s not working, we launched a competition called Race to the Top.To all fifty states, we said, ―If you show us the most innovative plans to improve teacher quality and student achievement, we’ll show you the money.‖

我们的学校也有责任。当一名儿童步入教

室,它就应当是一个被寄以厚望和拥有很高教学能力的地方。但是太多的学校未能达到这一标准。这就是为什么我们没有向 教育系统注入大笔资金原因,我们启动了一个名为―冲顶赛跑‖的竞争。我们对所有50个州说:―如果你们能够向我们展示提高教师质量和学生成就的最具创新力 的方案,我们将向你们提供款项。‖

Race to the Top is the most meaningful reform of our public schools in a generation.For less than one percent of what we spend on education each year, it has led over 40 states to raise their standards for teaching and learning.These standards were developed, not by Washington, but by Republican and Democratic governors throughout the country.And Race to the Top should be the approach we follow this year as we replace No Child Left Behind with a law that is more flexible and focused on what’s best for our kids.―冲顶赛跑‖是我们公共学校在十年内所进行的最有意义的改革。它只使用了不到我们每年教育开支的1%的经费,但它已使40个州提高了教学和学习标准。这些 标准不是由华盛顿所决定的,它是由美国各个州的共和党和民主党州长们所决定的。―冲顶赛跑‖应当成为我们今年所采取的方法。我们今年将用一个更为灵活、专 注于用给我们的孩子带来最大益处的法律来取代《不让一个儿童落后法》。

You see, we know what’s possible for our children when reform isn’t just a top-down mandate, but the work of local teachers and principals;school boards and communities.你们应该知道,当改革不仅仅是从上到下的指示时,我们的孩子所能够取得的成绩有多大。改革措施将由当地的教师和校长、校董事会和社区来决定。

Take a school like Bruce Randolph in Denver.Three years ago, it was rated one of the worst schools in Colorado;located on turf between two rival gangs.But last May, 97% of the seniors received their diploma.Most will be the first in their family to go to college.And after the first year of the school’s transformation, the principal who made it possible wiped away tears when a student said ―Thank you, Mrs.Waters, for showing… that we are smart and we can make it.‖

以丹佛的布鲁斯·兰多夫学校为例,它在三年前被评为是科罗拉多州最差的学校之一,它位于两个敌对黑帮争夺的地盘内。但在去年五月,该校97%的高三学生获 得了毕业证,大多数人将是他们家庭中上大学的第一人。在学校实现转变后的第一年,一位学生的话使这一切成为现实的校长流下了眼泪。这个学生说: ―感谢你,威特斯女士,感谢你向我们表明,我们是聪明的,我们能够成功。‖

Let’s also remember that after parents, the biggest impact on a child’s success comes from the man or woman at the front of the classroom.In South Korea, teachers are known as ―nation builders.‖ Here in America, it’s time we treated the people who educate our children with the same level of respect.We want to reward good teachers and stop making excuses for bad ones.And over the next ten years, with so many Baby Boomers retiring from our classrooms, we want to prepare 100,000 new teachers in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math.让我们也记住,除了父母之外,对一个孩子成功的最大影响来自于站在教室前的男女教师们。在韩国,教师们被称作―国家建造者‖。在美国,现是我们该以同样程 度的尊重对待那些教育我们孩子的人的时候了。我们应当奖励好教师,停止为糟糕的教师找借口。在未来十年,由于非常多的婴儿潮一代教师将退休,我们将需要准 备10万名科学、技术、工程和数学学科教师。

In fact, to every young person listening tonight who’s contemplating their career choice: If you want to make a difference in the life of our nation;if you want to make a difference in the life of a child – become a teacher.Your country needs you.事实上,对于今晚收听讲演的、正在考虑职业选择的年轻人,如果你想让我们国家前途有所不同,如果你想让一个孩子的生命有所不同,成为一位教师吧。你的国家需要你。

Of course, the education race doesn’t end with a high school diploma.To compete, higher education must be within reach of every American.That’s why we’ve ended the unwarranted taxpayer subsidies that went to banks, and used the savings to make college affordable for millions of students.And this year, I ask Congress to go further, and make permanent our tuition tax credit – worth $10,000 for four years of college.当然,教育竞赛不会止步于高中毕业证。为了竞争,必须让每位美国人都有接受高等教育的机会。这就是我们为什么结束向银行提供没有充分根据的税款补贴,用节 省下来的钱来使数百万学生能有能力上大学。我今年将请求国会采取进一步措施,使我们的学费税收抵免永久化,对一个人四年的大学来说,这笔钱相当于1万美 元。

Because people need to be able to train for new jobs and careers in today’s fast-changing economy, we are also revitalizing America’s community colleges.Last month, I saw the promise of these schools at Forsyth Tech in North Carolina.Many of the students there used to work in the surrounding factories that have since left town.One mother of two, a woman named Kathy Proctor, had worked in the furniture industry since she was 18 years

old.And she told me she’s earning her degree in biotechnology now, at 55 years old, not just because the furniture jobs are gone, but because she wants to inspire her children to pursue their dreams too.As Kathy said, ―I hope it tells them to never give up.‖

由于人们需要在今天快速变化的经济领域里接受新工作和职业的培训,我们也将重新使美国的社区学院恢复活力。我上个月看到了北卡罗来纳州福费斯社区技术学院 的潜力,学院的许多学生曾在现在已搬离城镇的附近工厂就业。凯西·普罗克托是一位两个孩子的母亲,她18岁就开始在家具业工作。她告诉我,现年55岁的她 正在攻读生物技术学位,不只是因为家具业的工作没有了,而是因为她想鼓励她的孩子也追求他们的梦想。凯西说:―我希望这将能教会他们永不放弃。‖

If we take these steps – if we raise expectations for every child, and give them the best possible chance at an education, from the day they’re born until the last job they take – we will reach the goal I set two years ago: by the end of the decade, America will once again have the highest proportion of college graduates in the world.如果我们采取这些措施,如果我们提高对每个孩子的期待值,给他们在教育方面最好的机遇,从他们出生至他们上一次的就业岗位,我们将实现我在两年前确定的目标:在这个十年结束的时候,美国将再度成为拥有大学生比例最高的国家。

One last point about education.Today, there are hundreds of thousands of students excelling in our schools who are not American citizens.Some are the children of undocumented workers, who had nothing to do with the actions of their parents.They grew up as Americans and pledge allegiance to our flag, and yet live every day with the threat of

deportation.Others come here from abroad to study in our colleges and universities.But as soon as they obtain advanced degrees, we send them back home to compete against us.It makes no sense.有关教育的最后一点。今天,我们的学校里有数百万学业优秀的非美国公民。一些人是非法工人的孩子,他们与他们父母的行为没有任何关系。他们是以美国人的身 份长大的,宣誓效忠美国,但却每天生活在将被驱逐的威胁之下。其它人来自海外,在我们的院校和大学里学习,但他们一旦获得学位,我们就把他们送回国和我们 进行竞争。这没有道理。

Now, I strongly believe that we should take on, once and for all, the issue of illegal immigration.I am prepared to work with Republicans and Democrats to protect our borders, enforce our laws and address the millions of undocumented workers who are now living in the shadows.I know that debate will be difficult and take time.But tonight, let’s agree to make that effort.And let’s stop expelling talented, responsible young people who can staff our research labs, start new businesses, and further enrich this nation.现在,我强烈地认为,我们应当一下子解决非法移民的问题。我作好了与共和党人和民主党人合作以保护我们边境的准备,执行我们的法律,解决数百万生活在阴影 之下的非法移民问题。我知道,这方面的辩论将是艰难的,将需要时间。但是今晚,让我们就开始作出努力达成共识。停止驱逐那些有才能、负责任的年轻人,他们 可以在我们的实验室工作、创业、给美国带来新的财富。

本主题由 绿豆蛙加点料 于 2011-7-13 16:13 审核通过

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发表于 2011-7-13 16:14:48 |只看该作者

The third step in winning the future is rebuilding America.To attract new businesses to our shores, we need the fastest, most reliable ways to move people, goods, and information – from high-speed rail to high-speed internet.赢得未来的第三步是重建美国。为了吸引新的行业来到美国,我们需要运送人员、商品、信息最快捷、最可靠的方法,从高速铁路至高速互联网等基础设施。

Our infrastructure used to be the best – but our lead has slipped.South Korean homes now have greater internet access than we do.Countries in Europe and Russia invest more in their roads and railways than we do.China is building faster trains and newer airports.Meanwhile, when our own engineers graded our nation’s infrastructure, they gave us a ―D.‖

我们的基础设施曾经是世界上最棒的,但现在我们的领先优势已经下滑。韩国家庭的互联网接入比例已超过了美国。欧洲国家和俄罗斯在公路和铁路的投资额超过了 美国。中国正在建造更快的火车和新机场。与此同时,当我们自己的工程师给我们的基础设施打分时,他们给我们打了一个―D‖。

We have to do better.America is the nation that built the transcontinental railroad, brought

electricity to rural communities, and constructed the interstate highway system.The jobs created by these projects didn’t just come from laying down tracks or pavement.They came from businesses that opened near a town’s new train station or the

new off-ramp.我们必须做得更好,美国是一个建设了州际铁路、将电力输往乡村社区、建设了州际高速公路的国家。这些项目创造的工作不只来自于铺设铁轨或者路面,工作机会也来自在镇里新建火车站或者新外匝道附近开设的行业。

Over the last two years, we have begun rebuilding for the 21st century, a project that has meant thousands of good jobs for the hard-hit

construction industry.Tonight, I’m proposing that we redouble these efforts.在未来两年,我们已开始为21世纪进行重建。这个项目已为遭到沉重打击的建筑业带来了数千个好工作。今晚,我提议我们加倍这方面的努力。

We will put more Americans to work repairing crumbling roads and bridges.We will make sure this is fully paid for, attract private investment, and pick projects based on what’s best for the economy, not politicians.我们将让更多的美国人从事修理年久失修的道路和桥梁工作。我们将确保这方面的工作有充分的经费保证,吸引私人投资,根据项目对经济而不是对政治家的最佳益处来选择项目。

Within 25 years, our goal is to give 80% of

Americans access to high-speed rail, which could allow you go places in half the time it takes to travel by car.For some trips, it will be faster than flying – without the pat-down.As we speak, routes in California and the Midwest are already underway.在未来25年内,我们的目标是使80%的美国人能够拥有高速铁路,这将使你乘高速铁路出行的时间比开车出行的时间减少一半。对于一些旅程来说,它将比乘飞机出行更快,而且没有严格的安检措施。在我们讲话之时,加州和中西部地区的高铁线路已在建设之中。

Within the next five years, we will make it

possible for business to deploy the next generation of high-speed wireless coverage to 98% of all Americans.This isn’t just about a faster internet and fewer dropped calls.It’s about connecting every part of America to the digital age.It’s about a rural community in Iowa or Alabama where farmers and small business owners will be able to sell their products all over the world.It’s about a firefighter who can download the design of a

burning building onto a handheld device;a student who can take classes with a digital textbook;or a patient who can have face-to-face video chats with her doctor.在未来5年内,我们将使业界向98%的美国人提供下一代高速无线网络连接成为可能。这并不只是更快的互联网和更少的漏接电话。这事关使美国的各个地区都进 入数字化时代。这事关衣阿华州或者阿拉巴马州乡村社区的农民和小企业主能够向全世界出售他们的产品,这事关消防队员能够用手持装置来下载着火建筑物的设计 图。这事关一名学生可以用数字教科书进行上课或者一位病人能够与她的医生进行面对面的视频聊天。

All these investments – in innovation, education, and infrastructure – will make America a better place to do business and create jobs.But to help our companies compete, we also have to knock down barriers that stand in the way of their success.所有这些投资,在创新、教育、基础设施方面的投资将为美国带来更好的商业环境并且创造就业。但是为了帮助我们的公司竞争,我们还必须打破那些阻碍它们成功的障碍物。

Over the years, a parade of lobbyists has rigged the tax code to benefit particular companies and industries.Those with accountants or lawyers to work the system can end up paying no taxes at all.But all the rest are hit with one of the highest

corporate tax rates in the world.It makes no sense, and it has to change.多年以来,众多的游说人士利用税法来为某些公司和行业谋利,那些在这一系统中就业的会计师或者律师最终什么税都不交,而所有其他人则要承受世界上最高的公司税率。这毫无道理,这需要改变。

So tonight, I’m asking Democrats and Republicans to simplify the system.Get rid of the loopholes.Level the playing field.And use the savings to lower the corporate tax rate for the first time in 25 years – without adding to our deficit.所以,今晚,我请求民主党和共和党人简化税率,根除漏洞,实现公平竞争。用这些节省下来的钱来降低公司税率,这将是25年来的第一次,而且是在不增加我们赤字的情况下。

To help businesses sell more products abroad, we set a goal of doubling our exports by 2014 – because the more we export, the more jobs we create at home.Already, our exports are up.Recently, we signed agreements with India and China that will support more than 250,000 jobs in the United States.And last month, we finalized a trade agreement with South Korea that will support at least 70,000 American jobs.This agreement has unprecedented support from business and labor;Democrats and Republicans, and I ask this Congress to pass it as soon as possible.为了帮助商业界向海外出售更多的产品,我们确定了在2014年将出口额翻一倍的目标,因为我们出口的越多,在国内创造的就业岗位就会越多。我们的出口额已 经开始上升。我们最近与印度和中国签署了协议,这些协议将为美国25万多个就业岗位提供支持。我们上个月与韩国完成了贸易协议的最后文本,它将支持至少7万个美国就业岗位。这一协议获得来自行业和劳工组织、民主党人和共和党人前所未有的支持。我 请求国会尽早通过这一协议。

Before I took office, I made it clear that we would enforce our trade agreements, and that I would only sign deals that keep faith with American

workers, and promote American jobs.That’s what we did with Korea, and that’s what I intend to do as we pursue agreements with Panama and Colombia, and continue our Asia Pacific and global trade talks.在我就职之前,我明确表示,我们将执行我们的贸易协议。我将只会签署那些对美国工人有信心、增加美国就业岗位的协议。我们与韩国签署协议时就是这样做的,我想在与巴拿马和哥伦比亚寻求签署类似协议时也会这样做,在继续与我们的亚太和全球贸易会谈时持同样立场。

To reduce barriers to growth and investment, I’ve ordered a review of government regulations.When we find rules that put an unnecessary burden on businesses, we will fix them.But I will not hesitate to create or enforce commonsense safeguards to protect the American people.That’s what we’ve done in this country for more than a century.It’s why our food is safe to eat, our water is safe to drink, and our air is safe to breathe.It’s why we have speed limits and child labor laws.It’s why last year, we put in place consumer protections against hidden fees and penalties by credit card companies, and new rules to prevent another financial crisis.And it’s why we passed reform that finally prevents the health insurance industry from exploiting patients.为了降低增长和投资的障碍,我已下令对政府规则进行重新评估。当我们发现那些给行业带来不必要负担的规则时,我们将会修改这些规则。但我将不会毫不迟疑地 设立或者强制执行常识性的保护性规则,以保护美国人民。我们在过去一个多世纪一直是这样做的。这就是为什么我们的食物、水、空气是安全的。这就是我们为什 么去年对信用卡公司隐藏资费和惩罚规定采取消费者保护措施,为了避免新的金融危机采取新规则的原因。这就是我们为什么最终通过改革法案以防止医保行业剥削 病人的原因。

Now, I’ve heard rumors that a few of you have some concerns about the new health care law.So let me be the first to say that anything can be

improved.If you have ideas about how to improve this law by making care better or more affordable, I am eager to work with you.We can start right now by correcting a flaw in the legislation that has placed an unnecessary bookkeeping burden on small businesses.现在,我听说了有关你们中的一些人对新的医保法律有一些担心的传闻。所以让我来首先说,所有的事情都有改善的可能。如果你有使医疗护理更加高质量或者更便宜的想法,我很愿意与你合作。我们现在可以着手开始解决法案中给小企业带来不必要记帐负担的缺陷。

What I’m not willing to do is go back to the days when insurance companies could deny someone coverage because of a pre-existing condition.I’m not willing to tell James Howard, a brain cancer patient from Texas, that his treatment might not be covered.I’m not willing to tell Jim Houser, a small business owner from Oregon, that he has to go back to paying $5,000 more to cover his employees.As we speak, this law is making prescription drugs cheaper for seniors and giving uninsured students a chance to stay on their parents’ coverage.So instead of re-fighting the battles of the last two years, let’s fix what needs fixing and move forward.但我不愿意去做的事情是,重返保险公司以先决条件为由来否决一些人获得医疗保险的时代。我不愿意告诉来自得州的脑癌患者詹姆斯·霍华德,医保公司可能不会 支付他的治疗费用。我不愿意告诉俄勒冈州的小企业主吉姆·豪斯,他还得多支付5000美元来使他的雇员获得医保。就在我们讲话时,这一法案正使给老年人所 开的处方药更为便宜,使没有医疗保险的学生有继续享受他们父母医保的机会。所以,与其重开过去两年在这方面的斗争,不如让我们纠正需要纠正的地方,向前 走。

Now, the final step – a critical step – in winning the future is to make sure we aren’t buried under a mountain of debt.现在,赢得未来的最后一步最关键的一步是确保我们不会葬身于如山的债务之中。

We are living with a legacy of deficit-spending that began almost a decade ago.And in the wake of the financial crisis, some of that was necessary to keep credit flowing, save jobs, and put money in people’s pockets.几乎从10年前开始,赤字财政几乎就一直与我们形影相随。在金融危机爆发后,这在一定程度上对于保持银行流动性、保护就业以及增加人民收入来说是必要的。

But now that the worst of the recession is over, we have to confront the fact that our government spends more than it takes in.That is not

sustainable.Every day, families sacrifice to live within their means.They deserve a government that does the same.但现在经济衰退的最糟时刻已经结束,我们必须直面政府财政入不敷出的现实。这是不可持续的。每天,美国的家庭在节衣缩食以保证营收平衡。他们的政府也应如此。

So tonight, I am proposing that starting this year, we freeze annual domestic spending for the next five years.This would reduce the deficit by more than $400 billion over the next decade, and will bring discretionary spending to the lowest share of our economy since Dwight Eisenhower was president.所以今天晚上,我建议从今年开始,冻结未来五年部分国内项目支出。这将使美国财政赤字在未来十年减少4000多亿美元,进而使政府可自由支配的开支所占经济的比例降低到艾森豪威尔总统时期以来的最低水平。

This freeze will require painful cuts.Already, we have frozen the salaries of hardworking federal employees for the next two years.I’ve proposed cuts to things I care deeply about, like community action programs.The Secretary of Defense has also agreed to cut tens of billions of dollars in spending that he and his generals believe our military can do without.冻结需要进行痛苦的削减。我们已经冻结了未来两年辛劳工作的联邦雇员的工资水平。我也建议削减我一直非常关注的一些项目的支出,比如社区行动项目。国防部长也已同意削减他与他的将军们认为对我们军事影响不大的数百亿美元的军费支出。

I recognize that some in this Chamber have already proposed deeper cuts, and I’m willing to eliminate whatever we can honestly afford to do without.But let’s make sure that we’re not doing it on the backs of our most vulnerable citizens.And let’s make sure what we’re cutting is really excess weight.Cutting the deficit by gutting our investments in innovation and education is like lightening an

overloaded airplane by removing its engine.It may feel like you’re flying high at first, but it won’t take long before you’ll feel the impact.我承认,在座各位中有些人已提出了进一步削减开支的提案,我愿意删除任何的确可节省的开支。不过,我们必须确保不加重最脆弱的民众的负担。而且,我们还要 确保所削减开支属真正超重部分。通过减少对改革和教育的投资来实现赤字削减,就相当于拆除发动机以实现超载飞机减重的目的。这样做或许可能让你一开始觉得 飞得很高,但没过多久,你就会感受到冲击。

Now, most of the cuts and savings I’ve proposed only address annual domestic spending, which represents a little more than 12% of our budget.To make further progress, we have to stop pretending that cutting this kind of spending alone will be enough.It won’t.现在,我提出的大部分削减和节省提案只包括在国内支出中,而这种开支仅占我国预算的12%多一点。为了取得进一步进展,我们必须停止仅削减此类开支就已足够的臆测。这还不够。

The bipartisan Fiscal Commission I created last year made this crystal clear.I don’t agree with all their proposals, but they made important progress.And their conclusion is that the only way to tackle our deficit is to cut excessive spending wherever we find it – in domestic spending, defense spending, health care spending, and spending through tax breaks and loopholes.去年我组建的两党联立财政委员会已经明确了这一点。我并不认同他们的全部提案,但他们的确取得了重大进步。他们的结论是,解决我国赤字问题的唯一办法是削减我们能够发现的所有过度消费,包括国内项目开支、国防开支、医疗开支等等。

This means further reducing health care costs, including programs like Medicare and Medicaid, which are the single biggest contributor to our long-term deficit.Health insurance reform will slow these rising costs, which is part of why nonpartisan economists have said that repealing the health care law would add a quarter of a trillion dollars to our deficit.Still, I’m willing to look at other ideas to bring down costs, including one that Republicans suggested last year: medical

malpractice reform to rein in frivolous lawsuits.这就意味着,进一步降低卫生保健开支,包括像医疗保险和医疗补贴我国长期赤字最大单一来源这样的项目。医疗保险改革将减缓这些开支的上升,这就是无党派经 济学家认为废止卫生保健法会使我国赤字增加2500亿美元的部分原因。我很愿意看到其他降低开支的想法,包括去年共和党的一项提案:进行医疗事故改革,降 低草率的医疗诉讼发生率。

To put us on solid ground, we should also find a

bipartisan solution to strengthen Social Security for future generations.And we must do it without putting at risk current retirees, the most vulnerable, or people with disabilities;without slashing benefits for future generations;and without subjecting Americans’ guaranteed retirement income to the whims of the stock market.为了构建坚实的基础,我们还应制定两党解决方案,强化后代社会保障。在这一点上,我们不应危及当前退休人员,最易受到伤害的人群,或残疾人,不应有损后代利益,不应使美国退休收入保障受制于充满不确定性的股市。

And if we truly care about our deficit, we simply cannot afford a permanent extension of the tax cuts for the wealthiest 2% of Americans.Before we take money away from our schools, or scholarships away from our students, we should ask millionaires to give up their tax break.如果我们真的关心我们的赤字,我们就不能允许永久延长有关2%最富裕美国人的减税法案。在削减学校资金或学生的奖学金之前,我们应该让那些百万富翁们放弃他们的减税优惠。

It’s not a matter of punishing their success.It’s about promoting America’s success.这不是惩罚他们所取得的成功。而是要促进美国的成功。

In fact, the best thing we could do on taxes for all Americans is to simplify the individual tax code.This will be a tough job, but members of both parties have expressed interest in doing this, and I am prepared to join them.实际上,在税收方面,我们能为所有美国人做的最好的事莫过于简化个人税码。这将会是一项艰巨的工作,不过两党成员已经表示有意从事这项工作,而且我也准备加入他们。

So now is the time to act.Now is the time for both

sides and both houses of Congress – Democrats and Republicans – to forge a principled

compromise that gets the job done.If we make the hard choices now to rein in our deficits, we can make the investments we need to win the future.所以,现在是时候采取行动了。现在是时候两党及国会两院在原则上做出让步,共同从事这项工作了。如果我们现在做出这一艰难决定,从而严加控制我们的赤字,那么我们便能够进行赢得未来所需的投资。

Let me take this one step further.We shouldn’t just give our people a government that’s more

affordable.We should give them a government that’s more competent and efficient.We cannot win the future with a government of the past.更进一步的说,我们的政府不能负担得更多。我们应该给人民一个更强有力、更高效的政府。过去的政府无法赢得未来。

We live and do business in the information age, but the last major reorganization of the government happened in the age of black and white TV.There are twelve different agencies that deal with exports.There are at least five different entities that deal with housing policy.Then there’s my favorite example: the Interior Department is in charge of salmon while they’re in fresh water, but the Commerce Department handles them in when they’re in saltwater.And I hear it gets even more complicated once they’re smoked.我们生活和工作在信息时代,但上一次政府大规模重组却还是在黑白电视机的时代。涉及出口的有12个机构。涉及住房政策的则至少有5个实体。我常举的一个例子是:大马哈鱼在淡水中时由内政部负责,而在咸水中时则由商业部负责。而我听说一旦被熏烤之后情况就更复杂。

Now, we have made great strides over the last two years in using technology and getting rid of waste.Veterans can now download their electronic

medical records with a click of the mouse.We’re selling acres of federal office space that hasn’t been used in years, and we will cut through red tape to get rid of more.But we need to think

bigger.In the coming months, my administration will develop a proposal to merge, consolidate, and reorganize the federal government in a way that best serves the goal of a more competitive

America.I will submit that proposal to Congress for a vote – and we will push to get it passed.现在,我们已经在过去的两年里,在利用技术以及消灭浪费方面实现了突飞猛进。退伍军人现在点一下鼠标,就能下载他们的电子病历。我们正在出售几英亩数年都 未曾使用的联邦办公地点,而且我们将去除繁文缛节以便摆脱更多负担。不过,我们需要考虑更多。未来的几个月里,我的政府将会提出一项建议,以最有助于实现 打造更具竞争力美国的目标的方法,合并、巩固并整顿联邦政府。我将会把这一建议提交给国会进行投票,我们将会推动这一建议的通过。

In the coming year, we will also work to rebuild people’s faith in the institution of

government.Because you deserve to know exactly how and where your tax dollars are being spent, you will be able to go to a website and get that information for the very first time in history.Because you deserve to know when your elected officials are meeting with lobbyists, I ask Congress to do what the White House has already done: put that information online.And because the American people deserve to know that special interests aren’t larding up legislation with pet projects, both parties in Congress should know this: if a bill comes to my desk with earmarks inside, I will veto it.未来一年里,我们将继续努力重建人民对政府机构的信任。因为你们应当确切知道你们所缴的税花在哪里,花了多少,你们也将能够在第一时间登陆网站获得这些信 息。因为你们应当知道自己选出的官员何时会见游说团体,我已要求国会按照白宫已经在做的将这些信息公布上网。而且

因为美国人民应当知道,特殊利益不能穿插 在小项目的立法中,国会中的两党议员应该知道这一点:如果呈现在我案头的法案中存在―特殊专款‖(一般是指国会议员各自根据其选区或者集团需要,插入预算 报告中的―相关项目专款‖),我将会予以否决。

A 21st century government that’s open and competent.A government that lives within its means.An economy that’s driven by new skills and ideas.Our success in this new and changing world will require reform, responsibility, and innovation.It will also require us to approach that world with a new level of engagement in our foreign affairs.一个具备公开和竞争力的21世纪政府。一个量入为出的政府。一个由新技术与理念驱动的经济体系。要在这个不断变化的新世界中取得成功,我们需改革、责任和创新。这还需要我们在外交事务中通过新方法接触世界。

Just as jobs and businesses can now race across borders, so can new threats and new challenges.No single wall separates East and West;no one rival superpower is aligned against us.正如就业和商贸现在可以跨越国界一样,新威胁和新挑战也是如此。隔在东西方之间的不是一堵墙,与我们为敌的也不是某个超级大国。

And so we must defeat determined enemies wherever they are, and build coalitions that cut across lines of region and race and religion.America’s moral example must always shine for all who yearn for freedom, justice, and dignity.And because we have begun this work, tonight we can say that American leadership has been

renewed and America’s standing has been restored.所以,我们必须战胜敌人,无论他们在哪里,并建立跨越地区、种族和宗教界线的联盟。美国的道德榜样必需始终照耀着渴望自由、正义和尊严的所有人。因此我们已经开始了这项工作,所以

今晚我们能够说美国领导阶层已经复兴,美国的地位已经恢复。

Look to Iraq, where nearly 100,000 of our brave men and women have left with their heads held high;where American combat patrols have ended;violence has come down;and a new government has been formed.This year, our civilians will forge a lasting partnership with the Iraqi people, while we finish the job of bringing our troops out of Iraq.America’s commitment has been kept;the Iraq War is coming to an end.看看伊拉克,我们近十万勇敢的男女士兵已经昂首挺胸撤离伊拉克,美国的战斗任务也已经结束。在那里,暴力现象已经开始下降,新政府已经组建。今年,我们的 民众将与伊拉克人民建立持久伙伴关系,与此同时,我们从伊拉克撤军的工作也将结束。美国遵守了承诺,伊拉克战争即将结束。

Of course, as we speak, al Qaeda and their affiliates continue to plan attacks against us.Thanks to our intelligence and law

enforcement professionals, we are disrupting plots and securing our cities and skies.And as

extremists try to inspire acts of violence within our borders, we are responding with the strength of our communities, with respect for the rule of law, and with the conviction that American Muslims are a part of our American family.当然,诚如我们所言,基地组织及其附属组织仍在计划攻击我们。感谢我们的情报和执法人员,我们正在挫败他们阴谋,保护我们的城市和天空。对于极端分子激发 我们国内暴力行动的企图,我们正以社区力量、对法规的尊重,以及对美国穆斯林是我们美国大家庭一份子的坚定信仰,作出回应。

We have also taken the fight to al Qaeda and their allies abroad.In Afghanistan, our troops have taken Taliban strongholds and trained Afghan Security Forces.Our purpose is clear – by

preventing the Taliban from reestablishing a

stranglehold over the Afghan people, we will deny al Qaeda the safe-haven that served as a launching pad for 9/11.我们也同基地组织及其海外盟友展开了战斗。在阿富汗,我们的军队已经占据了塔利班的根据地,并且训练了阿富汗安全部队。我们的目标很明显:通过阻止塔利班再次压榨阿富汗人民,我们将会阻止基地组织获得充当9·11起点的避风港。

Thanks to our heroic troops and civilians, fewer Afghans are under the control of the insurgency.There will be tough fighting ahead, and the Afghan government will need to deliver better governance.But we are strengthening the capacity of the Afghan people and building an enduring

partnership with them.This year, we will work with nearly 50 countries to begin a transition to an Afghan lead.And this July, we will begin to bring our troops home.经过英勇的军队及平民的奋战,只剩下少数阿富汗人仍处于塔利班这一叛乱组织的控制下。摆在前面的将会是激烈的战斗,而且阿富汗政府需要进行更好的管制。不 过,我们正在增强阿富汗人民的力量,并与他们构建持久的伙伴关系。今年,我们将会同近50个国家一起,开始向由阿富汗主导的状态过渡。今年7月,我们将开 始撤军。

In Pakistan, al Qaeda’s leadership is under more pressure than at any point since 2001.Their leaders and operatives are being removed from the

battlefield.Their safe-havens are shrinking.And we have sent a message from the Afghan border to the Arabian Peninsula to all parts of the globe: we will not relent, we will not waver, and we will defeat you.在巴基斯坦,基地组织领导阶层承受着比2001年以来任何时候都要大的压力。他们的首领和骨干正在被清除出战场,他们的避风港正在收缩。

而且,我们已经从阿富汗边界向阿拉伯半岛以及全球各地的恐怖分子发出警告:我们不会留情,我们不会动摇,我们将击败你们。

American leadership can also be seen in the effort to secure the worst weapons of war.Because Republicans and Democrats approved the New START Treaty, far fewer nuclear weapons and launchers will be deployed.Because we rallied the world, nuclear materials are being locked down on every continent so they never fall into the hands of terrorists.美国领导人也在努力确保最厉害战争武器的安全。因为共和党和民主党通过了新《削减战略武器条约》,可部署的武器和发射器会更少。因为我们要重振世界,要在各大洲限制核材料,以免落入恐怖分子手中。

Because of a diplomatic effort to insist that Iran meet its obligations, the Iranian government now faces tougher and tighter sanctions than ever before.And on the Korean peninsula, we stand with our ally South Korea, and insist that North Korea keeps its commitment to abandon nuclear weapons.因为美国也在通过外交努力坚持要求伊朗履行其义务,所以伊朗政府现在面临着比以往更加严厉的制裁。在朝鲜半岛上,我们与盟国韩国站在一起,坚持朝鲜践行其放弃核武器的诺言。

This is just a part of how we are shaping a world that favors peace and prosperity.With our European allies, we revitalized NATO, and increased our cooperation on everything from counter-terrorism to missile defense.We have reset our relationship with Russia, strengthened Asian alliances, and built new partnerships with nations like India.This March, I will travel to Brazil, Chile, and El Salvador to forge new

alliances for progress in the Americas.Around the globe, we are standing with those who take

responsibility – helping farmers grow more food;

supporting doctors who care for the sick;and

combating the corruption that can rot a society and rob people of opportunity.这仅是我们重塑世界、维护世界和平和繁荣所作出努力的一部分。我们与欧洲同盟一道,在努力恢复北约的活力,增加从反恐到导弹防御等各方面的合作。我们已经 重新设定了与俄罗斯的关系,强化亚洲同盟,并与印度等国家建立了新的伙伴关系。今年三月,我将访问巴西、智利和萨尔瓦多,打造美洲新的进步同盟。在全球,我们与那些负责任的国家一道,帮助农民生产更多的粮食,支持医治伤患的医生,并与败坏社会风气和掠夺人民财富的腐败行为作斗争。

Recent events have shown us that what sets us apart must not just be our power – it must be the purpose behind it.In South Sudan – with our

assistance – the people were finally able to vote for independence after years of war.Thousands lined up before dawn.People danced in the streets.One man who lost four of his brothers at war summed up the scene around him: ―This was a battlefield for most of my life.Now we want to be free.‖

最近的事件告诉我们,使我们与众不同的,不仅是我们的力量,也必然还有其后的目的。在我们的帮助下,南苏丹人民在经历了多年的战争后,最终能够投票选择自 己的独立。他们在黎明前排起了数千人的长队,人民在大街上欢舞。一名在战争中失去了四名兄弟的男子在描述他身边的景象时这样说到:―这曾是我生命大多时间 中的战场,现在我们希望自由‖。

We saw that same desire to be free in Tunisia, where the will of the people proved more powerful than the writ of a dictator.And tonight, let us be clear: the United States of America stands with the people of Tunisia, and supports the democratic aspirations of all people.我们在突尼斯看到了同样的要求自由的愿望,在那里,事实证明人民的意志比独裁者的敕令更有力量。今晚,我们要明确宣示:美利坚合众国人

民与突尼斯人民站在一起,并支持全体人民的民主愿望。

We must never forget that the things we’ve

struggled for, and fought for, live in the hearts of people everywhere.And we must always

remember that the Americans who have borne the greatest burden in this struggle are the men and women who serve our country.我们绝对不能忘记我们为之努力、为之奋斗、所有人都铭记心中的事情。我们必须永远记住,在这场斗争中负担最为沉重的美国人正是那些报效我们祖国的男男女女。

Tonight, let us speak with one voice in reaffirming that our nation is united in support of our troops and their families.Let us serve them as well as they have served us – by giving them the

equipment they need;by providing them with the care and benefits they have earned;and by

enlisting our veterans in the great task of building our own nation.今晚,让我们共同重申,我们的国家会团结一致地支持我们的军队及其家人。让我们为他们服务,就像他们为我们服务那样,给予他们需要的装备、为他们提供应得的保健和福利、并在建设祖国的伟大任务中,为退伍军人提供支持。

Our troops come from every corner of this country – they are black, white, Latino, Asian and Native American.They are Christian and Hindu, Jewish and Muslim.And, yes, we know that some of them are gay.Starting this year, no American will be forbidden from serving the country they love

because of who they love.And with that change, I call on all of our college campuses to open their doors to our military recruiters and the ROTC.It is time to leave behind the divisive battles of the past.It is time to move forward as one nation.我们的军人来自这个国家的每一个角落。他们是黑人、白人、拉丁裔、亚裔和印第安人。他们是

基督教教徒、印度教教徒、犹太教教徒和穆斯林。的确,我们知道,其中有一些人是同性恋。从今年开始,美国人都不会因为他们的爱人而被禁止报效其所爱的国家。接下来,我呼吁所有大学校园向我们的军方征兵人员和后备军官训 练队敞开大门。现在,是时候和过去的分裂斗争说再见了。我们应该作为一个民族向前迈进。

We should have no illusions about the work ahead of us.Reforming our schools;changing the way we use energy;reducing our deficit – none of this is easy.All of it will take time.And it will be harder because we will argue about everything.The cost.The details.The letter of every law.我们不应该对摆在我们面前的工作心存任何幻想。改革学校、改变能源使用方式、减少赤字,这一切都并非易事,这需要时间。我们会围绕一切事情展开争论,这会使难度变得更高,成本、细节、每一个法律条文。

Of course, some countries don’t have this problem.If the central government wants a railroad, they get a railroad – no matter how many homes are bulldozed.If they don’t want a bad story in the newspaper, it doesn’t get written.当然,有些国家不存在这个问题,如果中央政府说要建一条铁路,他们就会建成一条铁路——无论这需要拆除多少个家庭的房屋;如果他们不希望一件坏事见报,就没人会去写报道。

And yet, as contentious and frustrating and messy as our democracy can sometimes be, I know there isn’t a person here who would trade places with any other nation on Earth.可是,尽管我们的民主有时可能引起争议、令人沮丧乃至像一团乱麻,但我知道,在场的各位没有一个人会愿意与地球上任何其他国家的人交换位置。

We may have differences in policy, but we all believe in the rights enshrined in our Constitution.We may have different opinions, but we believe in the same promise that says this is a place where you can make it if you try.We may have different backgrounds, but we believe in the same dream that says this is a country where anything’s

possible.No matter who you are.No matter where you come from.我们在政策上可能有分歧,但对于我们的宪法所赋予的权利我们都深信不疑;我们可能有不同的见解,但我们都坚持一个共同的信念:在这个国家里,只要你努力尝 试,你就有可能成功;我们可能来自不同的背景,但我们抱有同一个梦想:在这个国家里,任何想法都可能成为现实,无论你是谁,也无论你来自何方。

That dream is why I can stand here before you tonight.That dream is why a working class kid from Scranton can stand behind me.That dream is why someone who began by sweeping the floors of his father’s Cincinnati bar can preside as Speaker of the House in the greatest nation on Earth.正是这个梦想使我今晚能够站在这里、站在你们面前。正是这个梦想使一名来自斯克兰顿的劳工子弟能够端坐在我身后。正是这个梦想使一个最初曾在他父亲于辛辛那提开设的酒吧里扫地的人后来能够在这个地球上最伟大的国家里当上众议院议长。

That dream – that American Dream – is what drove the Allen Brothers to reinvent their roofing company for a new era.It’s what drove those students at Forsyth Tech to learn a new skill and work towards the future.And that dream is the story of a small business owner named Brandon Fisher.这个梦想——美国梦——驱使着艾伦兄弟为了一个新时代而彻底改造了他们的屋顶工程公司。这个梦想驱使着那些在佛塞斯技术社区学院求学的学生们学习新技术,为了未来努力奋斗。这个梦想也驱使一个名为布兰登·费舍尔的小企业主有了自己的故事。

Brandon started a company in Berlin, Pennsylvania that specializes in a new kind of drilling

technology.One day last summer, he saw the news that halfway across the world, 33 men were

trapped in a Chilean mine, and no one knew how to save them.布兰登在宾夕法尼亚州的柏林市开设了一家公司,专攻新型钻探技术。去年夏季的一天,他看到新闻,智利矿井中有33人被困,无人知道如何营救。

But Brandon thought his company could help.And so he designed a rescue that would come to be known as Plan B.His employees worked around the clock to manufacture the necessary drilling equipment.And Brandon left for Chile.但布兰登认为他的公司可以帮忙。他设计了一套营救方案,称为B计划。他的员工24小时工作,生产所需的钻探设备。然后布兰登前往智利。

Along with others, he began drilling a 2,000 foot hole into the ground, working three or four days at a time with no sleep.Thirty-seven days later, Plan B succeeded, and the miners were rescued.But because he didn’t want all of the attention,Brandon wasn’t there when the miners emerged.He had already gone home, back to work on his next project.他同其他人一起钻了一个2000英尺的洞,连续不眠不休工作了三四天。37天后,B计划成功,矿工获救。但布兰登不想引起注意,矿工升井后,他并没有在那里。他已经回家开始致力于下一个项目了。

Later, one of his employees said of the rescue, ―We proved that Center Rock is a little company, but we do big things.‖

后来,他的一名雇员在谈到这次救援行动时说,―森特罗克(Center Rock)是一家小公司,但我

们做的却是大事情。‖

We do big things.我们做的是大事情。

From the earliest days of our founding, America has been the story of ordinary people who dare to dream.That’s how we win the future.自建国之初起,美国一直在讲述敢于追求远大理想的普通人的故事。未来我们也将因此而成功。

We are a nation that says, ―I might not have a lot of money, but I have this great idea for a new company.I might not come from a family of college graduates, but I will be the first to get my degree.I might not know those people in trouble, but I think I can help them, and I need to try.I’m not sure how we’ll reach that better place beyond the horizon, but I know we’ll get there.I know we will.‖

我们是一个会这样说话的民族:―我或许没有巨款,但是我有成立一家新公司的高见。我或许没有出生在一个拥有大学学历的家庭,但我将会成为这个家庭里第一个 获得大学学历的人。我或许并不认识那些处于困境中的人们,但我认为我能够帮助他们,而且我需要试一试。虽然我不确定我们将如何超越地平线到达更好的地方,但我知道我们将会到达那里。我知道我们能够做到。‖

We do big things.我们做的是大事情。

The idea of America endures.Our destiny remains our choice.And tonight, more than two centuries later, it is because of our people that our future is hopeful, our journey goes forward, and the state of our union is strong.美国的理念经久不衰。我们的命运依然取决于我

们的选择。今晚,在两个多世纪之后,正因为有了我们的人民,我们的未来才充满希望,我们的征程才一路向前,我们的国家才强大繁盛。

Thank you, God Bless You, and may God Bless the United States of America.谢谢大家。愿上帝保佑你们,愿上帝保佑美利坚合众国。

第四篇:在博鳌亚洲旅游论坛承办工作总结会议上的讲话

在博鳌亚洲旅游论坛(中国桂林)承办工作

总结表彰会议上的讲话

市委副书记 XX

同志们:

由国家旅游局、博鳌亚洲论坛和亚洲合作对话组织共同主办,我市承办的博鳌亚洲旅游论坛于2002年11月17日—20日隆重举行。作为承办方,我市在组织、筹备、协调、安全、新闻、接待、保障等方面开展了大量富有成效的工作,得到与会代表的高度赞扬。正如博鳌亚洲论坛执行总监姚望先生所言:“这是一次高级别、高水平、成果丰富的会议,影响巨大,圆满成功”。全国政协副主席、博鳌亚洲论坛中国首席代表陈锦华高度评价:“博鳌亚洲旅游论坛的圆满召开,标志着亚洲旅游业进入了区域化合作发展的新阶段,将为亚洲地区的共同繁荣和发展注入新的活力。”同时,国家旅游局对我市承办工作十分赞赏,孙钢副局长称赞论坛的筹备是“一流策划、一流工作、一流设施、一流环境”。全体与会代表对为会议成功举办付出劳动的所有工作人员表示衷心感谢!

下面,我代表市委、市政府对本次博鳌亚洲旅游论坛承办工作进行总结:

一、基本情况

本次论坛总参会人数为468人,其中国内代表151人,国外代表174人,新闻记者143人。国外代表来自33个国家,其中包括高级别政要 8人、部长级官员24人、11个国际和地区组织、9个外国驻华使馆、20多个中国优秀旅游城市及其他国家知名旅游城市的代表。

本次论坛隆重举行了开幕式和闭幕式,在主题全体大会及分议题会议上深入探讨了当前国际旅游业的热点问题,首次召开了有19个国家 参与的亚洲旅游部长圆桌会议,举办了旅游管理培训研习班、两场新闻发布会、两场欢迎宴会、两场文艺演出,进行了数十次新闻媒体专访、开展了十多场多边或双边会见,还为会议代表安排了特色旅游考察活动。

经与会代表充分讨论,大会通过了《博鳌亚洲旅游论坛桂林宣言》,这既是亚洲各国对发展旅游业的普遍共识,又是今后加强亚洲旅游业区域合作的指导性文件。

二、主要成果

首次举办的博鳌亚洲旅游论坛取得了圆满成功,主要成果和特点表现在以下几个方面:

一是高规格、高水平。博鳌亚洲旅游论坛是党的十六大胜利闭幕后,我国举办的第一个重大的国际性会议。博鳌亚洲论坛成功地与中国国家旅游主管部门及亚洲合作对话组织首次携手,形成合力。到会人士中既有各国政要,又有世界主要旅游组织的负责人、亚洲19国的旅游部长;既有一批世界知名的旅游学者,又有著名旅游城市的市长。就论坛的主办方和与会人士的级别和权威性而言,本次论坛代表了旅游界的高规格;就议题的广度及研讨的深度而言,本次论坛无疑又是高水平的。

二是广泛的参与性、互动性、学术性。论坛为亚洲各国政要和企业界人士、与会人士提供了一个平等对话的平台。论坛邀请的30位演讲人准备充分,演讲内容富前瞻性、学术性和实用性,听众参与意识强,会场问答热烈、气氛活跃,体现了论坛固有的风格,收到了很好的讨论效果。

三是志愿者成为论坛的一个亮点。有1500多人踊跃响应了这一活动,400人经过挑选为论坛提供了5600多个小时的服务。给各国代表团和博鳌亚洲论坛工作组的同事留下了非常深刻的印象,展示了桂林的风采,是桂林的骄傲,志愿者的骄傲,共青团的骄傲,博鳌亚洲论坛的 2 骄傲。本次志愿者活动开创了桂林在重大活动中大规模启用志愿者的先河,为以后志愿者活动的进一步发展奠定了基础。

四是获国内外新闻媒体的广泛关注和热情报道。会议期间,共有143名中外记者到会采访,分别来自印度、越南、新加坡、韩国、泰国、斯里兰卡等国;中国主要的中央及地方媒体均参与了报道,如:新华社、人民日报、中央电视台、中央人民广播电台、中国日报、广西日报、桂林日报等。

五是成果丰硕,达成多项共识。博鳌亚洲旅游论坛通过的《桂林宣言》是一项标志性成果。它强调亚洲国家和地区应加强旅游信息交流、沟通和共享,加强旅游从业人员特别是管理人员的培训,加强区域内旅游的便利化措施,加强对世界旅游业发展趋势和特点对亚洲国家和地区的影响。呼吁联合国教科文组织、联合国环境署及其他国际组织同有关国家进一步加强合作,保护文化、历史和自然遗产;提升旅游产品组合的数量和质量,促进环境保护以及各国文明和文化之间的交往。

三、主要工作

第一,领导重视,周密部署,明确责任,建立健全筹备工作组织架构和工作机制

博鳌亚洲旅游论坛是党的十六大以后在我国举办的一次重要的国际性会议,关系国家形象,并对提高桂林市的国际化水平,推动桂林进一步走向世界有着十分重要的意义。桂林市委、市政府高度重视,把办好论坛作为一件重要的政治任务,作为精神文明建设的一次具体行动来抓,于9月份和11月份连续两次召开高规格的全市性动员大会,周密安排和部署筹备工作。全市统一了思想,充分认识到举办论坛对全市改革开放和经济建设所起的重大促进和带动作用,坚定了要以“优美的环境、优质的服务、优良的秩序和市民崭新的精神风貌”办好博鳌亚洲旅游论坛的决心。全市努力克服论坛筹备时间短、任务艰巨的困难,积极行动,广泛宣传,集中力量开展城市环境综合治理,加快会议活动场馆 等基础设施建设,加强软件建设和人员培训,为博鳌亚洲旅游论坛创造了一个安全、有序、祥和、稳定的优良环境。

在整个会议筹备过程中,市委、市政府始终高度重视,区党委常委、原市委书记李金早,市委书记莫永清,市长王跃飞,市委几位副书记等主要领导亲自抓,多次率队亲临一线视察筹备工作进展情况,定期集中相关部门召开汇报会或分时段安排各部门专项汇报会,统筹协调和指挥。我和原市政府康天保副市长、潘建民副市长等先后七次率团赴京向国家旅游局、博鳌亚洲论坛秘书处请示和汇报筹备工作;多次向自治区党委、政府和区直有关部门请示和汇报工作。为检验筹备工作成效,全市进行了两次整体合成演练,这也是以往历次大型会议或重要活动所没有过的。论坛召开前夕,莫永清书记、王跃飞市长亲自到主要活动场所检查,看望全体工作人员。

为加强对论坛筹备工作的组织领导,成立了由市委书记挂帅,市委宣传部、旅游、外事、接待、公安、交通、民航、供电、园林、电信、邮政等40多个部、委、办、局,兴安、阳朔等7个县(区)及市旅游发展总公司等部分重要企业为成员的“博鳌亚洲旅游论坛(中国·桂林)桂林市筹备工作领导小组”,领导小组下设办公室、新闻部、安全保卫部等7部(办)50多个专职工作组。会议召开期间,我市又成立了由市委领导亲自挂帅的指挥部,构建了强大的接待和安全保障系统,形成了严密细致、层次分明、分工明确的组织框架。同时,对各部(办)各工作组职责予以了明确,落实了领导责任制、工作责任制及目标奖惩责任制。进一步明确了工作目标,即安全工作万无一失,接待工作得体有序,会务服务周到细致。

根据筹备工作进展程度,先后制定了长达几万字的筹备工作总体方案、总体实施方案和会议整体流程图。7部50多个工作组按照领导小组的统一部署和要求,分别制定了各自详尽、周密的的工作方案和实施方案,形成了几十万字的方案文字资料,为整个博鳌亚洲旅游论坛的顺利举行奠定了坚实的基础。实行“一事一案、一团一案”工作机制。对论坛主要、重大的每一项活动、每一次会议和接待制定周密的专项工作方案,明确每次活动、会议和接待的现场指挥和工作人员,确保每个工作环节万无一失,周到细致,规范得体。

第二,整体联动,全面实施,扎实工作,论坛筹备和承办各项工作富有成效

在国家旅游局、博鳌亚洲论坛秘书处及自治区等主办方和上级部门的指导下,在社会有关各界的关心和支持下,在“博鳌亚洲旅游论坛(中国·桂林)桂林市筹备工作领导小组”的统一部署和直接指挥下,各部(办)各工作组按照其工作职责,全面实施工作方案,抓落实,促进度,形成了各方“各负其责,整体联动,齐抓共促”的良好互动局面,有力地促进了论坛筹备和承办各项工作顺利开展。

(一)统筹策划,周密细致,抓好总体协调、参谋、沟通、联络、督促及大量会务工作

组委会办公室是领导的参谋部,在市领导的指挥下,旅游局会同外办、接待办、公安局、宣传部等部门统筹策划全盘工作,制定整个会议的总体工作方案、总体实施方案和会议工作流程;为大会各场所及活动区域增设了电信、邮政、银行、冲印、票务、医疗、礼拜等多功能配套服务,承担了大量的会务工作,为论坛的圆满完成发挥了积极的作用。

(二)严谨细致、严格监督,做好论坛安全、卫生工作

今年以来,我市大型活动接连不断,广大的公安干警和武警、消防战士发扬了连续作战、不怕疲劳的精神,按照市委领导明确提出的“安全工作万无一失”的要求,确保了论坛的成功举行。

公安部门组织全局力量,投入到会议的安全保卫工作。成立了以局长为组长的安全保卫工作领导小组,下设13个专门工作组,形成了完整的安全保卫工作体系;在进行一系列基础调查及反复勘验安全保卫点、线路、场所的基础上,精心编制了几十万字的周密、详实的安全保 卫工作总体方案、实施方案及有关预案。做好相关警卫工作,成立29个随卫小组;完成制证设备调试、安装;组建了反暴、排爆专门队伍;购置了车载防爆罐、排爆机器人、排爆服等高科技装备。为确保万无一失,会前进行了多次安全保卫工作演练。在会前还深入开展严打斗争,破获一批刑事案件。会议期间,安全保卫部克服了时间长、活动多且分散、临时更改活动等困难,沉着应对,确保了活动的顺利进行。此次论坛公安部门共出动警力11000人次,各种车辆300辆次。公安部门工作为论坛安全创造了良好的环境,做出了重大贡献,受到了各级领导和中外宾客的充分肯定和高度评价,这再次证明了我市公安、武警、消防战士是一支特别团结、特别能战斗的集体。

为确保会议代表卫生食品安全,卫生部门组成7个小组对漓江大瀑布饭店、大宇大饭店、榕湖饭店、漓江游船以及会展中心等活动主要场所进行现场卫生检查和监督。7个小组都制定了严密的执行方案,将任务落实到人,对可能发生的突发事件制定应急处理预案;监督员对食品原料辅料采购、食品加工过程、运输过程、就餐环境、食品加工人员健康状况、住房空气质量及卫生知识培训进行全程监控、监督,提出整改措施,每一个环节都严格控制。会议期间未发生任何食品卫生质量事故,有效保证了与会代表卫生安全。

(三)服务以人为本,管理程序化,工作规范化,论坛新闻宣传筹备工作受到各界高度评价

新闻宣传是对外展示论坛形象和体现举办成效的重要窗口。根据本次大会对新闻工作要求和标准高、宣传报道量大、参与报道境外记者多、报道持续时间长的特点,我市抽调精干人员组成新闻部。设立了新闻中心,配备了完善的、符合国际标准的设施设备;实行程序化管理,开展规范化工作,建立了一套完善的管理流程制度。新闻中心完善的服务设施和优质的服务,得到博鳌亚洲论坛官员、自治区和市领导的高度评价,受到了国内外新闻记者的一致好评。博鳌亚洲论坛秘书长张祥博士认为 6 中心的设备及配套设施很先进,也很完善,体现了以人为本的思想,处处给记者提供周到的服务,为提高亚洲的声音做出了贡献。与会的中外新闻界同行认为,博鳌亚洲旅游论坛新闻中心的工作非常出色,与很多在国内举办的大型国际活动提供的新闻中心相比毫不逊色。这充分表明桂林已经基本具备了在举办各类国际会议当中可为国际传媒提供国际化服务的水准和条件。这是迄今桂林在重大活动对新闻宣传工作投入人力、物力最多的一次,有力保证了会议宣传报道工作的开展。

据统计,会议期间,论坛共接待国内外新闻媒体78家143名中外记者;安排中外记者报道会议、联合采访中外政要、官员及嘉宾39场次。截止至11月26日,记者发稿达700多篇(幅),形成文字、摄影、电视、网络全方位的报道。

广告宣传招商组组织市容局,对广告公司的闲置广告点进行了无偿征用。组织社会力量赞助制作了一批户外大型广告、彩旗、横幅、空飘汽球、飞艇等,为活动的举行营造了良好的氛围。

(四)精心组织,得体有序,做好论坛接待服务工作

论坛的国际性很强,接待服务的规格要求严,标准高,一次性接待来自33个国家、地区和国际组织重要贵宾,对我市的接待服务工作提出了严峻的考验。以政府办、市委办、旅游局组成的后勤接待部和以外办、接待办、口岸办组成的贵宾接待部组织精干力量,按照市委领导提出的“接待工作得体有序”的要求,精心组织,圆满完成了各项接待服务任务。

一是贵宾接待得体、有序。由市外办、市接待办组成的接待工作组从领导到一线接待人员经常加班加点到凌晨,共接待重要外宾近200人,是历次接待最多、安排最复杂的一次接待服务工作。他们按照一团一案、一事一案的精神,制定方案50多份,并组织安排了多项不同层次、不同规格的双边会谈和宴请活动。并指导了整个外事礼宾工作。贵宾接待工作得到了与会代表的高度赞扬,称赞桂林是世界一流的旅游城 7 市,桂林的接待工作也是一流的。

二是住宿安排合理、舒适。由于会议规格高、代表层次多且礼宾要求不一样、代表报名变动情况频繁,给整个会议的住宿安排带来了许多困难。住宿组早在8月份就对全市范围的住房情况进行摸底,实地查看,多次修改住房安排方案,对代表名单进行仔细核对。随着代表名单的不断更新,住宿组不断调整,适应变化,做到报名组每出一份新名单,住宿组就出一份预案,为与会代表的用房做好了充分准备。漓江大瀑布饭店、大宇大饭店、榕湖饭店是会议代表的主要接待单位,会议期间,饭店高标准、高质量的服务接待工作,得到与会代表的高度评价。住宿在漓江大瀑布饭店的泰国外长临别时说:“漓江大瀑布饭店环境一流、服务一流,非常感谢饭店热情周到的服务”。

三是餐饮服务细致入微、各具特色。餐饮组根据亚洲各国代表不同的饮食习俗进行菜单修改和餐饮分类,提出和制定了会议餐饮一事一案等系列方案;开展了系列的会议餐饮接待实战演练;组织市烹饪协会、市宗教事务管理局、市伊斯兰协会有关专家审定了各接待饭店的餐饮菜单,提出了制作会议接待菜单的八项原则,指导各有关接待单位提出制定了适应会议要求的菜单,满足了会议不同层次代表的餐饮要求。会议期间两场大型宴会、会展中心自助餐等办得有声有色,使与会代表感到很满意。

四是交通接待安全、便捷。交通组从全市各有关单位抽调100余台汽车,并会同公安部门对驾驶员进行了重大接待任务等相关知识的培训。他们精心组织,精心调度,对近500名代表的用车作了科学合理的安排。开行了酒店、会展中心和机场间穿梭巴士,极大方便与会代表往返主要会场及住宿酒店。

机场组在市口岸办的牵头下,与民航、边检、海关、桂林检验检疫局、公安局出入境管理处等单位一起制定了方案,组织调动了大量人力、物力,进行了事前内部演练,对有关人员进行了战前强化训练和英语培训。市公安局出入境管理处紧急调拨新设备,实施口岸落地签证。在严 格按照国家规定的前提下,机场尽可能地给与会代表提供方便和服务,对接待工作的全过程进行了认真的梳理,在整个接待工作中秩序井然,有条不紊。

五是游览服务热情、规范。活动安排组周密细致地安排和协调会议期间的代表活动,以高度的热情、严谨的作风和忘我的精神确保了服务工作的高质量。由交通局、“两江四湖”工程指挥部组成的漓江游览组和两江四湖组,与海事、船检等部门加强协作,严格航线和船舶设施安全、卫生检查,加强了船员培训和餐饮工作,两江四湖新购置一批环保游船,出色地完成了代表的游江、游湖接待服务。代表们游得开心,吃得满意,是一次美的享受。

六是礼仪、陪同服务大方、得体。主要由69名礼仪服务人员组成的礼仪组圆满完成了会议的礼仪服务,体现了高度的政治责任感和一切服从论坛的原则,为桂林代言了一个完美的形象。

陪同组从全市导游队伍中精心挑选并强化培训,担负着与会演讲代表的接待、会务服务,公安制证组、翻译组的翻译或部分翻译工作,国家旅游局领导、中外记者及国内外代表、嘉宾的接待陪同工作。他们以“我是桂林旅游形象”的标准要求自己,以美好的仪表、热情周到的服务、生动活泼的导游、过硬的服务技巧、文明的精神风貌展现在与会代表面前。由各旅行社、导游公司及组委会陪同组抽调组成的翻译组为大会翻译了大量的文字材料。此外,后勤接待组积极为代表提供了旅游咨询、机车票订购、会议用水、气象预报等配套服务。

七是文艺演出新颖、别致。“亚洲之夜”和“欢乐漓江”两场大型文艺演出是代表夜间活动的重点。由文化局负责的文艺演出组与桂林广维文华公司联手精心打造。“欢乐漓江”以一流的创意向代表展示了山水实景演出的全新概念,充分体现出本地自然、人文资源结合,给来自世界各国的宾朋留下了桂林山水的美好、深刻印象,打造了桂林旅游文艺演出的新品牌,是一次成功的尝试。

(五)细致扎实,完善到位,做好论坛设施、服务等各项社会保障工作

设施、服务保障系统的正常运转对论坛的顺利举行起着重要的支撑作用。以建规委牵头的设施保障组,下设10多个工作组,形成较完善的保障系统,为会议提供了坚实的保障。

国际会展中心是博鳌亚洲旅游论坛主会场,会议接待标准要求高、工作压力大,为进一步使会议设施达到国际水平,中心在接连完成全国乡镇企业会、全国医博会会展服务后,又投入紧张的论坛筹备工作。在区政府资金非常紧张的情况下,挤出4000多万元资金,在会前对会展中心进行了多项改造工程。在郑小孑兑、余秋平同志指挥下,会展中心的领导争分夺秒抓装修进度,短时间内出色地为论坛配备了具国际水准的主会场、部长会议室、多功能厅、新闻中心等。会议期间,整个会展中心干净整洁、设施完善、设备良好,为我市开展会展经济奠定了良好的基础,已具备了开展国际国内会议和展览的条件。在会议期间,国家旅游局已初步决定将2004年的国内旅游交易会放在桂林举行。

漓江大瀑布饭店负责本次大会绝大部分与会代表、陪同人员、媒体记者及工作人员的住宿、餐饮接待任务及相关的系列工作,工作责任重大,工作跨度大,时间紧,工作量多。在周益平同志的率领下,饭店领导和全体员工每天工作到深夜2点钟;施工队伍更是昼夜施工,使饭店的改扩建工程终于在会议前如期完成。漓江大瀑布饭店的建成和大瀑布表演,为桂林赢得了荣誉,增添了光彩,成为与会代表赞不绝口的一个亮点,成为一道亮丽的风景线。

市容局和各个城区及临桂、兴安、阳朔县开展了大规模的城市整治行动,对所辖区域的市容市貌进行了清理和整顿。组织对代表室外活动场所的公厕等设施进行了维护和保洁,为全市营造了干净、整洁的大环境。

市政公用局为了保障市政设施正常运转,组织下属市政管理单位对各市政设施的运转层层把关,确保万无一失;同时还采取有力措施,强化设施维护和绿化美化。

园林部门根据代表下榻的宾馆和行进路线,精心策划,会议期间共摆放菊花等各色花卉、荫生植物30多个品种33万盆。经过园林系统职工和各有关单位的精心布置,论坛期间桂林城花团锦簇,鲜花盛放。

桂林市供电局为保障正常供电,把这次会议的保电工作作为一项重要的政治任务来完成,制定了周密的保供电预案,组织300多人次对影响此次会议供电的电网进行了一次全面检查,并对大量相关供电设备进行了细致的检查,对检查出的问题及时落实整改,从而保证了电网及各保供电设备的正常安全运行。

卫生局负责医疗卫生保障。会议期间,从市各大医院抽调了10多名业务技术精良的医务人员承担与会代表的医疗保健工作,提供及时准确的医疗服务;医疗系统各大医院启动了紧急救援预案,为会议提供了安全救护保证。

水务部门进行了漓江补水放水演练,根据需要先后四次调整补水量,保障了会议期间漓江通航和代表游览两江四湖景观要求。

广西区电信桂林分公司、广西区铁通桂林分公司、广西区移动桂林分公司、广西区联通桂林分公司、桂林市邮政局等积极为论坛提供了电信通讯、邮政、有关电脑设施设备借调等的服务保障。广西区电信桂林分公司为会议所有场馆配备了通信设施设备,并安排60多名工程技术和服务人员在会议现场服务。

(六)无偿援助,无私奉献,社会各界积极为论坛作贡献

论坛的筹备和承办工作得到了社会有关各界的大力支持和无偿援助,体现了高尚的无私奉献社会和服务社会的精神风貌。

桂林广维文华公司为保证“欢乐漓江”演出,无偿提供了1500多万元的灯光设施;

广西区电信桂林分公司向与会代表赠送了近500套精美的“新桂 林、新旅游”电话卡;

大成食品公司、三花酒厂、燕京(漓泉)啤酒股份有限公司为论坛无偿提供了酒水;

桂林国旅、桂林旅游股份有限责任公司、三金药业等一批企业为接待与会贵宾无偿提供了最好的车辆;

许多星级饭店抽调本店最好员工,为大会提供无偿优质服务,等等。

同志们,博鳌论坛的承办工作是个庞大的系统工程,涉及的部门太多,牵涉的面太广,还有很多部门、单位在这里我们没有点到,大家都为本次会议的召开给予了积极支持和密切配合,在此,请让我代表市政府以及筹备工作领导小组,对所有为承办工作做出了积极贡献的单位和个人表示诚挚的问候和衷心的感谢!

此次论坛虽然取得了圆满成功,但与上海、大连等国内旅游城市相比,在硬件设施上还不完善,服务上仍然存在着不小的差距,组织管理还不规范。如何建立和完善举办大型国际性、区域性会议和活动的组织系统,社会支撑、保障系统,如何从政府办会走市场化运作等方面还需要进一步研究和探讨。我们希望通过这次总结,为我市今后举办重要会议和活动奠定坚实的思想和工作基础。让我们以创新的精神,高度的责任感和使命感,在市委、市政府的领导下,为开创桂林旅游发展的新局面而继续努力奋斗!

谢谢!

第五篇:海尔CEO张瑞敏在日本亚洲的未来论坛上的讲话

海尔CEO张瑞敏在日本“亚洲的未来论坛”上的讲话

今天,我想通过海尔的发展来说明两点

一、中国的家电市场是一个高速增长的变化很快的市场;

二、中国的企业和在中国的外国企业如何驾御高速增长的市场。

海尔从1984年底开始创业到2001年只有17年的时间,17年平均保持了78%的增长速度。1984年底,海尔当时的销售收入为348万人民币,2001年实现全球营业额602亿人民币(73亿美金),差不多是17年以前的17000多倍。

1984年的时候海尔是一个濒临倒闭资不抵债的集体小厂,当时一年当中跑掉了三个厂长,我当时是这个厂的上级公司的领导,我动员了很多人到这个厂当厂长,人家都不去,有人说:“那个厂那么好,你为什么不去?”最后只有我去了。我们不是国有企业,所以国家并不对它投资,当时差不多有半年的时间靠借钱来发工资,有一段时间甚至到农村向生产队借钱发工资。我们就是就在这种情况下发展起来的。

现在来看,我们能够发展起来主要有两点:

第一是创新。正如美国的管理大师德鲁克所说:“创新是创造了一种资源。”我们当时什么都没有,但是我们通过创新来创造资源,这个创新就是不断地为用户创造价值,一切都围着市场转。

第二个是以变制变。因为你不可以期望市场不变,市场不变的法则就是永远在变。与其以不变应万变,不如变到市场前面去。我们的做法是以变制变,变中求胜。

这样,我们在十七年的时间里,得到很快的发展。去年《福布斯》杂志公布世界白色家电十强排名,我们排到了第六。从一个濒临倒闭的小厂,发展到现在的世界白色家电十强。相信很多人在关注海尔究竟是怎么做的。下面我从80年代、90时代,还有2000年代这三个时段来谈一下市场的变化和企业适应市场的变化的思路。

一、中国家电80年代爆炸式高速增长变化时期

在80年代,中国的家电市场是一个高速爆炸式的增长时代。那时中国的家用电器市场几乎一片空白,只要生产电器一定会卖出去,一定会赚钱,家电产品供不应求,所以那时候很多工厂拼命在上规模。比如当时浙江一个省就有60多家冰箱厂,全国有几百家冰箱厂,但是普遍不重视质量,这也是卖方市场的特点决定的。那时我们就认为并不是因为质量好而供不应求,而是因为市场短缺而已。

我们的做法是必须要抓质量,虽然当时产品非常紧俏。我们当时生产的冰箱就供不就求,消费者要凭票来购买,一张票的价值差不多就是一台冰箱的价值。但即使在这种情况下,我们也没有盲目扩大产量,而是坚持抓质量。美国《华尔街日报》曾刊登过海尔砸冰箱的故事。当时员工认为冰箱有点小毛病无所谓,干出来就有人要,所以就马马虎虎。我们就把一些可以出厂,但是有质量缺陷的产品集中在一起,谁干的,由谁来把它砸毁。这样一来,对员工的质量意识有了强刺激,到1988年我们就成为中国冰箱评比的第一名。

80年代末的时候,由于政府治理整顿市场秩序,市场变淡,冰箱纷纷降价,我们在这个时候不但没有降价,反而提价12%,产品更加供不应求。这说明即使在产品爆炸性增长时期,企业也必须要重视质量。

二、中国家电90年代高度无序价格战变化的时期

在90年代,中国家电市场是处于高度无序价格战的状态。家电产品到90年代开始出现供大于求,产品出现库存。例如电视机行业,自1991年以来,每年的产量都大于市场需求,1998年,库存几百万台。各个厂家为了消化库存拼命降价,甚至降到了成本之下来进行竞争。他们认为只要降价就可能卖出去,就可以占有市场份额。

我们认为,问题关键不在于价格,而在于没有抓住用户需求,不知道用户到底要什么,先干出来再卖,造成大量库存,只能降价。全国的价格战带来的问题也非常严重,1998年中国的彩电行业出现全行业亏损,到2001年,全国15家上市的家电公司中9家亏损,亏损总额达到35.45亿元,最大的亏损达15亿元。

我们的做法是一定不为库存生产,而是为有价值的定单生产。例如:在中国洗衣机到夏天销量非常小,一般厂家到这时候就减少产量,到秋天再开始大量的生产。当时我们就分析,不是用户在夏天不需要洗衣机,而是现有的洗衣机不能适应用户夏天洗衣的需求。因为当时一般都是五公斤的洗衣机,到夏天,用户可能一次就洗一件衬衣,感觉用五公斤的洗衣机洗非常不方便,不如用手洗一洗就算了。于是我们就开发了一个1.5公斤的小洗衣机,在中国市场上销量非常好,两年的时间销售了一百万台,到现在已经销售300多万台。

这就是创造市场的观念,“只有淡季的思想,没有淡季的市场”。如果你认为市场是淡季的,就不可能去想办法改变现状,就会认为卖不出去是正常的。

再如我们在美国市场上卖的冰柜,美国人提出来说箱体太深,拿东西不方便。我们的技术人员用17个小时的时间做出了一个手工样机。上面看是一个冷柜,但下面加了一个抽屉,这样拿起东西来就非常方便。这个产品在美国大连锁店卖的非常好。我的意思是企业应该创造个性化的需求,而不是我生产什么,用户就买什么,要根据用户的需求来开发产品开发市场。

三、2000年代加入WTO后急剧变化的竞争格局

在2000年代,中国市场发生更大的变化。随着中国加入WTO,世界上大的跨国公司几乎都到中国来了,像日本的7大家电制造企业,都在中国有工厂,韩国的家电企业也有很多,美国的惠尔浦、美泰克、GE,还有欧洲的西门子、菲利浦等等也到中国来投资建厂。

我们认为无论是中国企业或在中国投资的外国企业,都应变成开放的系统。在互联网时代和外部市场紧紧联系在一起,和市场,和用户都是零距离。在这个情况下我们提出来,在互联网时代,企业应推倒两堵墙:一是企业和企业之间的墙要推倒,企业之间不再仅仅是一个单纯竞争对手的关系;二是企业内部各个职部门之间的墙要推倒,否则你就无法感觉到市场的反应。

在互联网时代,没有一个企业可以消灭或打倒所有竞争对手,也没有一个企业可以满足所有市场上消费者的所有需求,所以大家必须联合起来。

我们的联合有两种方式,一种叫纵向联合,就是我和我的上游的企业和分供方联合在一起,大家一起满足最终消费者的需求。而不是分供方满足我的需求,我再去满足用户的要求,而是大家联合到一起去满足用户的需求。比方说我们的蓝牙网络家电就是和爱立信进行联合开发的结果。他们在北欧,我们在中国,利用互联网和地域的时差,双方不间断的进行接力式开发。另外如艾默生是全世界最大的电机企业,现在不光供给我们电机,而且参与了我们产品的前端设计。我认为只有这样大家能够满足最终用户的需求,才能获得用户的价值。

另一种叫横向联合。大家在市场上可能都是竞争对手,但现在联合在一起,不仅是竞争的关系,更重要的是合作的关系。这是一种竞合的关系。

如我们和三洋的合作,三洋的井植会长2001年9月份到海尔来,到了12月份我们就草签了合同,今年的1月8号正式签订合同,只用了三、四个月的时间,非常快。什么原因呢?就是我们的想法完全合到一起去了。过去中国企业和日本企业的合作,完全是中国向日本企业买技术,或者是合资。但日本企业谈合资,没有一年时间是谈不下来的。谈技术引进也非常困难。如果大家还是在原来的思维模式下,合作就会非常非常的慢,不可能去满足用户需求。现在我们与三洋联合起来是互换市场资源,这种合作最后达到双赢的目的。

企业内部之间的墙要推倒。让每个员工都直面市场,并对市场需求以最快速度做出反应。传统企业的模式就像金字塔一样,这种直线职能式的管理,使得企业对市场的反映非常慢。我们就把它改成一个市场链,使整个企业和市场结合到一起去。一手抓住全球的供应链资源,一手抓住全球的用户资源,企业和它们连起来,就等于把金字塔倒掉了,每个人都对着市场。这个案例现在被瑞士国际管理学院即IMD作为市场链的一个案例来讲。当时他们问我:为什么把它叫做“市场链”?我回答说,美国哈佛大学的波特教授提了一个企业界都知道的“价值链”,它的目标是以追求企业长期利润的最大化为目标。我们的“市场链”,是使得每个人都对着市场,我们叫做“追求用户满意度的最大化”,所以去年美国沃顿商学院的教授对市场链的案例也很感兴趣,就到我们那儿去了。最后他也认为,在互联网时代,如果不能创造用户满意度的最大化,那么这个利润也是一句空话。如果能够得到,利润就是一个必然的结果。所以市场链使得我们的企业和市场整个地融合在一起。

但这里面最重要的一点,就是使得企业中的每个人都能对着市场。我们现在的做法是使得企业中的每个人都是一个公司,都能够进行自主经营,我们把这个思路叫做“每个人都成为一个SBU”。一个单位它可以成为一个SBU,就是一个策(战)略事业单位。但是让每个人都做到就非常困难,现在我们正在使每个人成为一个SBU。

任何一个企业它都有三张表:资产负债表、损益表、现金流量表。但如果把这三张表变成一张表,变成每个人的“SBU经营效果兑现表”,企业有三万名员工,就有三万张表,这样企业每个人都必须创新,每个人都成为一个公司。整个企业就会非常有力量。企业的三张表变成每一个人的损益表,这个损益表是指把资产负债表和现金流量表一些内容都包含进去。但是这张表最重要的一点是和员工自己的收入完全挂钩,没有原来的固定工资,你为企业创造的效益越多,你得到的越多。另外企业的资产分解到员工身上,比方说你到这个企业来,你使用企业的桌子、电脑等都不是无偿使用的。比如设计人员取消工资,不是说设计人员只要设计出来一个产品就可以得多少钱,而是设计出来的产品到市场以后,根据销售的毛利和销售的数量来决定你的收入。这样就使得每个人完全和市场挂在一起。设计人员在设计的时候就要深入市场,来了解用户到底需要什么,否则的话他设计出来的产品可能没有人要,那么他就不可能得到收益。

在互联网时代,市场变化得太快,企业的空间越来越大,大到整个地球。但是用户对企业要求的时间越来越短,短到零。谁能在互联网上最快地满足用户的需求,谁就是赢家。企业的决策者做出决策,如果再一级级地贯彻下去,就很难满足市场的需要。所以必须要使每个人都直接对着市场,我们希望能够探索一种新的模式,使每个人都能不断地创新,每个人都能直接面对自己的市场,创造有价值的定单,就是创造对用户有价值的产品,通过为用户创造价值来实现员工自己的价值,让每个人都充满活力,也防止企业在发展过程中的大企业病。我希望我们的企业无论发展到多大规模,都能够迅速地满足市场的要求,永远充满了活力!

谢谢!

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